TY - JOUR T1 - Mobility of strychnine in four Colorado soils; the sorption/desorption of the parent compound AN - 52210510; 2001-055939 JF - Abstracts - Annual Meeting - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) AU - Timm, R W AU - Starr, R I AU - Hurlbut, D B AU - Goodall, M J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 160 PB - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, [location varies] VL - 15 KW - United States KW - soils KW - concentration KW - sorption KW - desorption KW - cation exchange capacity KW - textures KW - pollutants KW - alkaloids KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - organic compounds KW - loam KW - sampling KW - total organic carbon KW - movement KW - hydrocarbons KW - strychnine KW - Colorado KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52210510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.atitle=Mobility+of+strychnine+in+four+Colorado+soils%3B+the+sorption%2Fdesorption+of+the+parent+compound&rft.au=Timm%2C+R+W%3BStarr%2C+R+I%3BHurlbut%2C+D+B%3BGoodall%2C+M+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifteenth annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04767 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaloids; cation exchange capacity; Colorado; concentration; desorption; environmental analysis; hydrocarbons; loam; movement; organic compounds; pH; pollutants; pollution; sampling; soils; sorption; strychnine; textures; total organic carbon; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion, transport, and deposition of soil carbon in a headwater catchment during cotton cultivation in the Georgia Piedmont AN - 50141804; 1995-045659 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Huntington, T G AU - Markewich, H W AU - Lynn, W C AU - Johnson, C E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 301 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - erosion KW - Appalachians KW - cores KW - Atlanta Georgia KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Fulton County Georgia KW - sampling KW - Panola Mountain Research Watershed KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - horizons KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - North America KW - sediment transport KW - colluvium KW - clastic sediments KW - agriculture KW - saprolite KW - deposition KW - alluvium KW - Georgia KW - fluvial environment KW - clastic rocks KW - Piedmont KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50141804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Erosion%2C+transport%2C+and+deposition+of+soil+carbon+in+a+headwater+catchment+during+cotton+cultivation+in+the+Georgia+Piedmont&rft.au=Huntington%2C+T+G%3BMarkewich%2C+H+W%3BLynn%2C+W+C%3BJohnson%2C+C+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Huntington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1994 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; alluvium; Appalachians; Atlanta Georgia; carbon; clastic rocks; clastic sediments; colluvium; cores; deposition; drainage basins; erosion; fluvial environment; Fulton County Georgia; Georgia; horizons; North America; Panola Mountain Research Watershed; Piedmont; sampling; saprolite; sediment transport; sedimentary rocks; sediments; soil erosion; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory policies for groundwater quality protection AN - 1849296714; 2016-103733 JF - American Water Resources Association Technical Publication Series AU - Kim, C S AU - Sandretto, Carmen Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 263 EP - 270 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - TPS-94-4 SN - 1070-6763, 1070-6763 KW - protection KW - models KW - water quality KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - policy KW - nitrate ion KW - cost KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849296714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Water+Resources+Association+Technical+Publication+Series&rft.atitle=Regulatory+policies+for+groundwater+quality+protection&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BSandretto%2C+Carmen&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=TPS-94-4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Water+Resources+Association+Technical+Publication+Series&rft.issn=10706763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual conference; national symposium on Water quality N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost; ground water; models; nitrate ion; policy; pollutants; pollution; protection; regulations; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. I. Effects on seed yield and soil aggregation AN - 17132103; 4436792 AB - Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi colonize plant roots and the surrounding bulk soil. They transport mineral nutrients from the soil to the plant and carbon compounds from the plant to the soil, and have pervasive effects on plant form and function and on the composition of the soil microbiota. This experiment evaluated VAM effects on plants and soil to determine if VAM fungi mediate a relationship between changes in seed yield and soil aggregation. In a pot experiment with peas, an isolate of the VAM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe did not significantly affect seed yield (8%), but improved soil aggregation by 400% in one soil, a gray silt-loam high in organic matter (OM) and phosphorus. In another soil, a yellow clay-loam low in OM and phosphorus, seed yield was enhanced significantly (57%), but there was only a small change (50%) in aggregation. The results suggest that carbon allocation between the plant (measured as seed yield) and the soil (measured as the formation of water-stable aggregates) is influenced by this VAM fungus. The soil appeared to gain carbon at the expense of carbon lost by the plant. Mycorrhizal fungi thus seem to affect two biologically controlled aspects of sustainable agriculture: plant production and soil quality. JF - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AU - Barea, J-M AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory (HCRL), Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 161 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0889-1893, 0889-1893 KW - roots KW - seeds KW - yield KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Vigna KW - Glomus mosseae KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizae+in+sustainable+agriculture.+I.+Effects+on+seed+yield+and+soil+aggregation&rft.au=Bethlenfalvay%2C+G+J%3BBarea%2C+J-M&rft.aulast=Bethlenfalvay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.issn=08891893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glomus mosseae; Vigna ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Administration of ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin to growing swine AN - 17004122; 3844168 AB - Effects of dietary ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Thirty-six barrows (3 replicates of 3 for each of 4 treatment groups, mean body weight, 18.0 kg) were fed: 0 mg of OA and 0 mg of T-2/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of OA/kg of feed; 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of OA plus 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed for 30 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weight and body weight gain were decreased by all toxin treatments, but the combination toxin treatment reduced weight gain more than did either of the toxins administered singly and could be considered additive. Liver weight was decreased by combination treatment, whereas kidney weight was increased by OA treatment. Ochratoxin decreased serum cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values; reduced mean cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and macrophage phagocytosis; and increased creatinine and total protein values. Consumption of T-2 toxin reduced hemoglobin and serum alkaline phosphatase values. The combination treatment decreased serum cholesterol, gamma -glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, mean cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, as well as lymphoblastogenesis and phagocytosis, and increased serum creatinine concentration. We concluded that OA and T-2, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values, and organ weights of growing barrows. Although some analytes were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone, the interactions could best be described as additive, not synergistic. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, GE AU - Corrier, DE AD - USDA/ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1757 EP - 1761 VL - 55 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - ochratoxin A KW - T-2 toxin KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium KW - Penicillium KW - Aspergillus KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17004122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Administration+of+ochratoxin+A+and+T-2+toxin+to+growing+swine&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+GE%3BCorrier%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Penicillium; Fusarium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of natural and isotopically enriched chromium in urine by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry AN - 16981107; 3827145 AB - A method is described for the determination of chromium and its enriched stable isotopes in human urine by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. A volatile chelate is formed with trifluoroacetylacetone (TFA) and the fragment ions corresponding to Cr(TFA) sub(2) super(+) in the 356-360 m/z region are monitored. The chelate is thermally stable and exhibits no memory effects when isotope ratios change. The detection limit for the method is 0.03 ng of Cr/g, and the accuracy is verified by certified reference materials and by an independent method. The method is highly specific for chromium, due to the combined properties of the chelating agent, chromatographic column, and mass-specific detector. In addition to total chromium determinations, the method can also be used to quantitate enriched stable isotopes of chromium used as metabolic tags in tracer experiments in human nutrition studies. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Veillon, C AU - Patterson, KY AD - Beltsville Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., Vitamin and Mineral Nutr. Lab., USDA, 117 Bldg. 307, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 856 EP - 860 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - chromium KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - mass spectroscopy KW - assays KW - urine KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Determination+of+natural+and+isotopically+enriched+chromium+in+urine+by+isotope+dilution+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry&rft.au=Veillon%2C+C%3BPatterson%2C+KY&rft.aulast=Veillon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - urine; assays; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by heteromyid rodents AN - 16951631; 3615805 AB - Bipedal species of seed-eating, desert, heteromyid rodents forage primarily in open spaces while quadrupedal heteromyids forage in structurally complex microhabitats, such as beneath bush canopies. However, both bipeds and quadrupeds use the latter microhabitats relatively more during periods of bright lunar illumination. One explanation for these patterns is that risk of predation is affected by both microhabitat type and illumination, and that microhabitat use is dictated by biped-quadruped differences in vulnerability to predators. I investigated effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by three bipedal and three quadrupedal heteromyid species in a laboratory foraging arena. I predicted that, if predation risk affects microhabitat selection, rodents would forage preferentially in seed patches characterized by less risky microhabitat and illumination conditions (i.e., in patches beneath bush canopies rather than open patches, and in dark rather than illuminated patches). Three individual rodent species in addition to species grouped as bipeds and quadrupeds exhibited the predicted preference for dark patches, but only Dipodomys merriami preferred bush patches. No preferences were expressed for open or for illuminated patches. These results and those of previous patch choice experiments that used patches differing in seed distribution and soil properties imply that both predation risk and foraging economics affect heteromyid patch use. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Longland, W S AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nevada, 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 82 EP - 90 VL - 132 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - light effects KW - food selection KW - laboratory animals KW - foraging behavior KW - bushes KW - Rodentia KW - canopies KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16951631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cropping+system+influences+on+extractable+water+for+mono-+and+double-cropped+soybean&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+G+A%3BWhisler%2C+F+D%3BBuehring%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; bushes; canopies; laboratory animals; foraging behavior; food selection; light effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure and transfer success of Noctuidonema guyanense (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) on moths of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16937631; 3608241 AB - Age distribution, population dispersion, and transfer success of Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain on adults of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were studied in the laboratory. The nematode population was composed of 77% juveniles (J), 68% of which were J3-J4s. Among adult nematodes, 60% were females. The dispersion of N. guyanense on feral male moths varied from fairly uniform among abdominal segments to clumped on segments 8-10. Transfer success of N. guyanense among mating hosts averaged 2.8% for juveniles and 7.2% for adults on hosts mating a mean of 98 min. On moths mating an average of 415 min, the transfer of nematodes from infested male moths to female moths averaged 19.4% for juveniles and 18.5% for adults. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 327 EP - 330 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Noctuidonema guyanense KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - parasitism KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Noctuidae KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Population+structure+and+transfer+success+of+Noctuidonema+guyanense+%28Nematoda%3A+Aphelenchoididae%29+on+moths+of+Spodoptera+frugiperda+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; parasitism; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of avian endogenous provirus - cellular junction sequences using inverse polymerase chain reactions AN - 16922994; 3605128 AB - The inverse polymerase chain reaction (invPCR), based on using sets of oligonucleotide primers oriented in the reverse direction of the usual PCR, was used to amplify cell sequences that flank chicken endogenous virus (ev) genes. Inverse PCR products flanking the 5' region of ev7 and ev12 were cloned and cell nucleotide sequences were determined. Subsequent PCRs were conducted using primers based on cell sequences flanking ev7, ev12, and the proviral long terminal repeat of ev1. In a survey of experimental and commercial lines and breeds, ev12 was found among three broiler lines. This approach facilitates the identification of ev genes in breeding stocks without conducting prior conventional progeny testing. Moreover, specific ev genes may be detected in individuals harboring a variety of other ev genes. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Iraqi, F AU - Smith, E J AD - USDA-ARS, Avian Dis. Oncol. Lab., E. Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 69 EP - 80 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - avian endogenous provirus KW - ev gene KW - sequences KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - breeding KW - genes KW - determination KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+avian+endogenous+provirus+-+cellular+junction+sequences+using+inverse+polymerase+chain+reactions&rft.au=Iraqi%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Iraqi&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - breeding; genes; determination; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flight orientation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and D. barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) at habitat interfaces AN - 16908970; 3592439 AB - The short-range flight orientation behavior of adult western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and adult northern corn rootworms, D. barberi (Smith & Lawrence), was observed within plots of corn, Zea mays L. and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and at the interface between corn and other crop and noncrop habitats. The direction of flight was random within corn and soybeans, but at the interface between early- and late-planted corn, beetles of both species generally oriented more toward flowering corn than vegetative or post-flowering corn. Beetles also oriented toward corn rather than soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.) mixed with weeds, independent of the developmental stage of the corn. In general, flight orientation behavior did not differ with sex, and flight direction was not modified by wind or the presence of the observer. It appears that, although movement within a homogeneous habitat is random, movement at the boundaries of dissimilar habitats is nonrandom. This behavior should be considered in the development of models for predicting large-scale dispersal of these insects within the corn ecosystem. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Naranjo, SE AD - North. Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, RR 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 383 EP - 394 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - orientation KW - Coleoptera KW - ecotones KW - Diabrotica KW - flight activity KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Flight+orientation+of+Diabrotica+virgifera+virgifera+and+D.+barberi+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+at+habitat+interfaces&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; ecotones; flight activity; orientation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying an empirical model of stomatal conductance to three C-4 grasses AN - 16906135; 3591820 AB - An empirical equation for stomatal conductance has been developed. The equation is based on a linear index, which was modified to represent nonlinear independent effects of CO sub(2) flux and water vapor pressure deficit. The equation was applied to data from caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.) and two accessions of Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.), measuring responses of leaves of the three grasses to wide ranges of environmental conditions. The equation accurately predicts stomatal conductance in these C-4 grasses, but requires measured photosynthesis as an input variable. Dependence on only environmental inputs was achieved by including the equation as the conductance submodel in a complete leaf gas exchange model, along with a photosynthesis submodel derived from a biochemically based model. This simplified submodel also describes the data well, as does the integrated model. Comparisons of model results and derived parameter values indicate important differences among gas exchange properties of the three grasses. Implementation details of the model are discussed, along with approaches for adapting it for simulating interleaf variability, water stress effects, and patchy stomatal function. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Dougherty, R L AU - Bradford, JA AU - Coyne, P I AU - Sims, P L AD - Southern Plains Range Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 2000 18th St., Woodward, OK 73801, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 269 EP - 290 VL - 67 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Bothriochloa caucasia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - conductance KW - stomata KW - Tripsacum dactyloides KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16906135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Applying+an+empirical+model+of+stomatal+conductance+to+three+C-4+grasses&rft.au=Dougherty%2C+R+L%3BBradford%2C+JA%3BCoyne%2C+P+I%3BSims%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tripsacum dactyloides; stomata; conductance; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stronger seafood safety rules proposed AN - 16894985; 3588007 AB - A recently announced plan for a nationally mandated seafood safety system is designed to enhance consumer confidence in the safety of seafood products as well as strengthen standards. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is making changes in the way seafood--fish, shellfish, and mollusks--is handled and inspected through-out production and marketing system. While the new food safety initiative is aimed primarily at seafood processors, the proposed rules apply to almost every sector of the industry, including packers, wholesalers, and importers. Fishermen or aquaculturalists would be affected by the requirements placed on the first-line processors to have knowledge about the product's origin. For retailers, the FDA has developed a "Model Food Code" for states to incorporate in their legislation on methods for maintaining seafood safety in restaurants and stores. JF - Agricultural Outlook AU - Harvey, D AD - Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SN - 0099-1066, 0099-1066 KW - fishery industry KW - human food KW - inspection KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - seafood KW - quality control KW - public health KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.atitle=Stronger+seafood+safety+rules+proposed&rft.au=Harvey%2C+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.issn=00991066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seafood; fishery industry; quality control; human food; inspection; public health; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An iconoclastic view of Bacillus thuringiensis ecology AN - 16829291; 3770789 JF - American Entomologist AU - Martin, PAW AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab. (USDA-ARS) Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 90 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1046-2821, 1046-2821 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - ecology KW - pathogenicity KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Entomologist&rft.atitle=An+iconoclastic+view+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+ecology&rft.au=Martin%2C+PAW&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=PAW&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Entomologist&rft.issn=10462821&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; pathogenicity; ecology; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the safety of high-dose, short-term supplementation with vitamin E in healthy older adults AN - 16825465; 3769520 AB - The effect of daily supplementation of 800 mg dl alpha -tocopheryl acetate for 30 d on general health, nutrient status, hepatic and renal function, intermediary metabolism, hematological status, plasma nutrients and antioxidant status, thyroid hormones, and urinary creatinine concentrations was studied in 32 healthy elderly (>60 y) people who participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, residential trial. The subjects reported no side effects due to the supplements. Supplementation had no effect on body weight, plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, indicators of hepatic and renal function, hematologic status, thyroid hormones, or serum and urinary creatinine concentrations and creatinine clearance. Supplementation did cause a significant increase in serum vitamin E, and a small (5%) but significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma zinc in the vitamin E-supplemented group. Thus, short-term supplementation with 800 mg vitamin E/d has no adverse effect on healthy older adults. JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Meydani, S N AU - Meydani, M AU - Rall, L C AU - Morrow, F AU - Blumberg, J B AD - USDA Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent. Aging, Tufts Univ., 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 704 EP - 709 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - alpha -tocopherol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - geriatrics KW - age KW - man KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16825465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+safety+of+high-dose%2C+short-term+supplementation+with+vitamin+E+in+healthy+older+adults&rft.au=Meydani%2C+S+N%3BMeydani%2C+M%3BRall%2C+L+C%3BMorrow%2C+F%3BBlumberg%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - man; age; geriatrics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postdiapause development and mating status of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) affected by pear and nonhost species AN - 16795499; 3543947 AB - Large numbers of winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, leave the pear orchard in the fall, overwinter in diapause in nonpear habitats, and return to pear orchards the following spring. Postdiapause development of overwintering forms, including oogenesis and mating (indicated by spermatophore numbers in females), was more advanced in early spring for insects collected from pear than for those collected from apple, a nonhost but an important species for overwintering. These results were confirmed by caging psylla on pear and apple in the field and laboratory. Psylla were also caged on a number of ornamental species in fall, and mortality and postdiapause development were monitored. Some insects, with the exception of those placed on a dead pear tree, survived the winter on all plant species. Postdiapause development on most species lagged behind that on pear. Psylla collected from pear trees on the orchard perimeter were often less advanced than those collected from the orchard interior, suggesting that psylla tended to colonize orchard edges. These effects were most pronounced in orchards and during years in which reentry rates were highest. Ovarian development of psylla was similar in insects removed from yellow sticky traps and from clear sticky traps. Females removed from yellow traps had more spermatophores than those removed from clear traps on two sampling dates. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Higbee, B S AU - Krysan, J L AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 249 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - post-diapause KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - development KW - dispersal KW - host plants KW - breeding status KW - Psyllidae KW - mating KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05188:Growth & regeneration KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16795499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Postdiapause+development+and+mating+status+of+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29+affected+by+pear+and+nonhost+species&rft.au=Horton%3BHigbee%2C+B+S%3BKrysan%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Psyllidae; Homoptera; development; mating; breeding status; host plants; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population suppression and sterility rates induced by variable sex ratio, sterile insect releases of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii AN - 16789465; 3543946 AB - Sterile insect releases of a pupal color-based genetic sexing strain of the Mediterranean fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were made during the summer and fall of 1991 in coffee plantations in Kauai, HI. Four treatments compared with respect to trap recapture and sterility rates induced in native populations were: (1) genetic sexing strain () 99% males = males only), (2) genetic sexing strain (males and females), (3) genetic sexing strain (high % female female), and (4) standard strain (males and females). Each week either 2 liters () 120,000) of irradiated pupae for the bisexual populations or 1 liter of irradiated pupae for the unisexual populations were dye-marked and ground released in buckets. Adult flies emerged and dispersed throughout individual () 1 ha) coffee fields. Flies were trapped weekly in standard dry traps or in liquid protein traps. Coffee berry samples were collected weekly to determine egg sterility rates, and females trapped in liquid protein were dissected for presence of sperm and sperm type. A new technique was developed to type sperm as either sterile (irradiated) or wild in mated females. An estimate of sterile fly competitiveness based on relative degrees of egg hatch suppression indicated an overall three- to five-fold increase in competitiveness of the males-only strain compared with the standard bisexual strain. Significantly, however, this difference even widened to a qualitative degree by the end of the test. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - McInnis, DO AU - Tam, S AU - Grace, C AU - Miyashita, D AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 231 EP - 240 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - biological control KW - Coffea KW - USA, Hawaii KW - sex ratio KW - Tephritidae KW - plantations KW - sterile-release KW - population regulation KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+method+to+determine+bioavailable+phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J+S%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Coffea; Tephritidae; Diptera; USA, Hawaii; population regulation; biological control; sterile-release; sex ratio; plantations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: Host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance AN - 16762996; 3528802 AB - An intensive population census of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) identified 15 species of suitable host plants (11 solanaceous, 4 cucurbitaceous), 6 of them new host records. Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill., Solanum nigrescens Mart. & Galeotti, Solanum sodomeum L., and Solanum torvum Sw. were the most heavily infested host plants in feral habitats. Under backyard and commercial cultivations, Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw., and Solanum melongena L. were the most heavily infested (larval density and percentage infestation). B. latifrons appears to outcompete melon fly, oriental fruit fly, and Mediterranean fruit fly in C. annuum, Capsicum frutescens L., L. pimpinellifolium, Physalis peruviana L., S. melongena, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. sodomeum, and S. torvum. Extremely low (<1%) larval parasitization by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was observed. Larval parasitization by Tetrastichus sp. was also observed. More than 250 cm average annual cumulative rainfall probably excluded B. latifrons populations from areas where suitable host plants were abundant. Over the study period, the relative abundance of B. latifrons populations decreased as the elevation increased. B. latifrons population density levels were consistently low, and there was no discernible pattern of population fluctuation over time (months of collection). Comprehensive lists of all recorded host plants (world review) and natural enemies of B. latifrons are presented. The ecological attributes of B. latifrons populations and their adaptive significance in colonizing and establishing in new geographic areas are discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Liquido, N J AU - Harris, E J AU - Dekker, LA AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Biocontrol, Biol., and Field Oper. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 71 EP - 84 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bactrocera latifrons KW - geographical distribution KW - host plants KW - Tephritidae KW - natural enemies KW - Diptera KW - abundance KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Ecology+of+Bactrocera+latifrons+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+populations%3A+Host+plants%2C+natural+enemies%2C+distribution%2C+and+abundance&rft.au=Liquido%2C+N+J%3BHarris%2C+E+J%3BDekker%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Liquido&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bactrocera latifrons; Tephritidae; Diptera; host plants; natural enemies; geographical distribution; abundance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Finding good food and avoiding bad food: Does it help to associate with experienced flockmates? AN - 16728513; 3713328 AB - Flocks of male red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus, were observed as they foraged on 9 x 12-m tilled plots within a 0.2-ha flight pen. One of the plots contained rice seed treated with the bird repellent methiocarb; a second plot received untreated rice. When each flock displayed a consistent avoidance of the treated plot, the number of experienced birds in the 12-bird flock was sequentially reduced to six, three, one and zero. Latency to use of the untreated plot and time spent foraging in the treated plot by naive birds were greatly reduced when at least one experienced bird was present. Throughout the 4-day trials, use of the treated seed plot by naive birds was greater than that of experienced birds. The naive flock members benefited by following experienced birds to the untreated seed plot, thereby discovering and using it more quickly than when no experienced birds were present. The naive birds did not avoid the treated seed plot, however, and many ate the treated seed and became sick. Thus, the benefit of associating with experienced birds was in learning where to forage, not where to avoid. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Avery, M L AD - USDA, Denver Wildl., Res. Cent., Florida Field Stn., 2820 E. Univ. Ave., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1371 EP - 1378 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - methiocarb KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - foraging behavior KW - observational learning KW - taste aversion learning KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Finding+good+food+and+avoiding+bad+food%3A+Does+it+help+to+associate+with+experienced+flockmates%3F&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; foraging behavior; taste aversion learning; observational learning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monoclonal antibody to pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) egg antigen: A tool for predator gut analysis AN - 16725541; 3517126 AB - We describe the development, selection, and application of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to eggs of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). We tested this MAb against all pink bollworm life stages and the egg stage of 10 other insect species using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In all cases, the MAb was highly specific to pink bollworm egg and adult female antigens. A Western blot analysis showed that the MAb reacted with two egg polypeptides with molecular weights between 46 and 60 kDa. Predation studies were conducted in the laboratory to test the usefulness of this MAb for studying predator-prey interactions. Most predators fed either one or two pink bollowrm eggs responded positively to the MAb in a serological analysis of gut contents. These data suggest that this MAb can be used as a diagnostic probe for gut content analysis of potential predators of pink bollworm eggs under field conditions. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Hagler, J R AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Bradley-Dunlop, D AU - Enriquez, F J AU - Henneberry, T J AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 90 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Gelechiidae KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - methodology KW - predators KW - Lepidoptera KW - eggs KW - identification KW - antigens KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+to+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+egg+antigen%3A+A+tool+for+predator+gut+analysis&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BNaranjo%2C+SE%3BBradley-Dunlop%2C+D%3BEnriquez%2C+F+J%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectinophora gossypiella; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera; eggs; antigens; monoclonal antibodies; identification; predators; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a method to determine bioavailable phosphorus loss in agricultural runoff AN - 16725420; 3517245 AB - The loss of bioavailable P (BAP) in agricultural runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of receiving water bodies. Although several algal and chemical extractions have been proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted their widespread use. This study evaluates the use of iron-oxide impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) to estimate the BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains during 1988-1990. In the proposed method, BAP is determined by shaking 50 ml of unfiltered runoff with one Fe-oxide strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1 M H sub(2)SO sub(4) and measured. The BAP content of runoff sediment was related (r super(2) = 0.92-0.95) to the growth of P-starved algae incubated for 29 days with runoff as the sole source of P. Acting as a P sink, the strips have a stronger theoretical basis than chemcial extraction in estimating BAP in agricultural runoff. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Robinson, J S AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Smith, S J AD - Soil Sci., USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Quality Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702-1430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 287 EP - 297 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - iron-oxide strips KW - bioavailability KW - measuring techniques KW - phosphorus KW - agricultural runoff KW - bioassay KW - surface runoff KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - runoff KW - eutrophication KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+method+to+determine+bioavailable+phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J+S%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phosphorus; agriculture; runoff; agricultural runoff; eutrophication; watersheds; bioassay; surface runoff; chemical analysis; bioavailability; measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogenetic changes in foraging behaviour and habitat use by the Oregon garter snake, Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus AN - 16712438; 3703079 AB - Foraging behaviour, stream habitat use and food habits of a population of the aquatic, Oregon garter snake were studied in the field during the spring and summer of 1987 and 1988. Continuous records of behaviour and habitat use were obtained for each snake. Adults foraged more actively and in a wider variety of stream habitats than juveniles or neonates. Adults also fed on a wider variety of prey types and sizes, especially concentrating on large, Pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosis, larvae and neotenes, in the mid-stream substrates. Juvenile and neonate snakes fed on relatively smaller prey that inhabited shallow stream margins. Consumption of relatively large prey by adults and smaller prey by juveniles indicated a shift in foraging 'strategy' from frequent feeding on small prey to infrequent feeding on large prey. These ontogenetic changes in foraging behaviour, habitat use and food habits of Oregon garter snakes are probably the result of a combination of proximate ecological, morphological and physiological constraints. Ultimately, these behavioural shifts may have a phylogenetic origin that reflects the strong advantage of single large meals versus many small meals for many modern snake lineages. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Lind, A J AU - Welsh, HH Jr AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., Redwood Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1261 EP - 1273 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - foraging behavior KW - food selection KW - Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus KW - ontogeny KW - habitat utilization KW - streams KW - USA, California KW - D 04670:Reptiles KW - Y 25554:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16712438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Ontogenetic+changes+in+foraging+behaviour+and+habitat+use+by+the+Oregon+garter+snake%2C+Thamnophis+atratus+hydrophilus&rft.au=Lind%2C+A+J%3BWelsh%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Lind&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus; USA, California; foraging behavior; habitat utilization; food selection; streams; ontogeny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations and modeling of interactions between barley yield and evapotranspiration in the subarctic AN - 16704215; 3635971 AB - Management of cropping systems and conservation of water resources requires a knowledge of crop evapotranspiration (ET). Yet, ET from field-grown crops and the association among yield, ET, and water stress are virtually unknown in the subarctic region of North America. Irrigated and nonirrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) treatments were established in 1989 at Delta Junction and 1990 at Fairbanks, Alaska, to ascertain yield-ET relations and to validate a model which simulates relative yield (relative to potential yield) based on the transpiration (T) to potential transpiration (T sub(p)) ratio. Barley development, soil water content (by neutron attenuation), pan evaporation, precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, and global radiation were monitored at each location. Regression analysis indicated that grain yield increased 26 kg/ha for every mm of water evapotranspired over a range of 180 to 260 mm in seasonal ET. Modeled and measured available water in the soil profile and relative yield were in good agreement. Based on 9 years of measured barley yield and climate data at Fairbanks, modeled ET ranged from 120 to 250 mm and yield decreased as the modeled transpiration deficit (1 - T/T sub(p)) increased. This study indicated that water stress occurs frequently in the subarctic. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, North Cent. Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., North Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 109 EP - 119 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - climatic data KW - water use KW - agricultural hydrology KW - subarctic zone KW - model studies KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - crop yield KW - evapotranspiration KW - USA, Alaska, Fairbanks KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Observations+and+modeling+of+interactions+between+barley+yield+and+evapotranspiration+in+the+subarctic&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; agricultural hydrology; evapotranspiration; crop yield; subarctic zone; soil-water-plant relationships; water use; climatic data; water stress; USA, Alaska, Fairbanks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non water-stressed baselines for sunflowers AN - 16672730; 3688531 AB - Effective use of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) to quantify water stress requires knowledge of a non-stressed baseline (NWSB). This study was conducted to determine effects of plant population, plant development, leaf temperatures, canopy temperatures, and time of measurement on NWSB for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., "Triumph 560-A, 822B-R"). Measurements of canopy and single leaf temperatures were made with an infrared thermometer (IRT) throughout the growing season on plants in three populations (2.6, 5.3, and 7.9 plants/m super(2)) grown under full irrigation to provide a range of ground cover conditions. Plant population only affected NWSB based on canopy temperatures when leaf area index (LAI) was less than 2.0. Non water-stressed baselines based on single leaf temperatures were not affected by plant population. Slopes of NWSBs were similar during vegetative and flowering growth stages, but declined in absolute value during grain-filling. Non water-stressed baselines derived from midday temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) measurements were not different from NWSBs derived from diurnal measurements. Measurements of single leaves of sunflower plants made with an IRT can be used to evaluate water stress early in the growing season before canopy closure occurs, or in non-irrigated production areas where canopy closure may not occur, and during grain-filling when heads become very warm and disrupt canopy temperature measurements. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Nielsen, D C AD - USDA-ARS, Cent. Great Plains Res. Stn., P.O. Box 400, Akron, CO 80720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 265 EP - 276 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - sunflower KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - canopy KW - plants KW - baseline studies KW - irrigation KW - temperature KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16672730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Non+water-stressed+baselines+for+sunflowers&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water stress; plants; temperature; irrigation; canopy; baseline studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration patterns in canopy gaps of mixed-oak forests of the southern Appalachians: Influences of topographic position and evergreen understory AN - 16655759; 3657114 AB - Canopy gaps in southern Appalachian mixed-oak forests were assessed for the effects of topographic, gap and stand variables on density of wood seedlings. Seedling density was significantly correlated with percent slope and positively with gap age (1-5 yr). Density varied substantially among topographic positions and increased with gap size. Species richness decreased over time and increased with gap size. Regeneration was dominated by Acer rubrum L. Other important species included Quercus coccinea Muench., Q. rubra L., Q. velutina Lamarck, Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Cornus florida L. Some known gap species increased in density with increasing gap size. Competitive inhibition effects of the evergreen understory (Rhododendron maximum L. and Kalmia latifolia L.) were also examined. Gaps containing over 50% cover of R. maximum had significantly lower densities than all other gaps, including gaps with >50% K. latifolia cover. Height distributions of major regenerating species were skewed away from small (<15 cm) height classes. Species establishment was a function of gap area, gap age, topographic position and cover of R. maximum. In addition, species of varying degrees of tolerance of understory conditions are capable of establishment in small to medium size canopy openings in the absence of an evergreen shrub understory. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Clinton, B D AU - Boring, L R AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA SE Forest Exp. Stn., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 308 EP - 319 VL - 132 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - undergrowth KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - regeneration KW - Quercus KW - canopies KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Regeneration+patterns+in+canopy+gaps+of+mixed-oak+forests+of+the+southern+Appalachians%3A+Influences+of+topographic+position+and+evergreen+understory&rft.au=Clinton%2C+B+D%3BBoring%2C+L+R%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA, Appalachian Mts.; forests; canopies; undergrowth; regeneration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cropping system influences on extractable water for mono- and double-cropped soybean AN - 16649937; 3654539 AB - For rain-fed agriculture in the southeastern United States, efficient soil water use when double-cropping is essential. Water use by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is, however, poorly documented. Winter wheat may deplete soil water, thus limiting subsequent soybean yield. Cropping system variables, such as soybean planting date and row spacing, may also affect water use. Therefore, a 4-year field experiment in northeastern Mississippi was conducted on Leeper (Vertic Haplaquept) and Catalpa (Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) silty clays. The objectives were to (1) determine the influence of soybean planting date, cropping system (monocropped versus double-cropped), and row spacing on extractable water (similar to available water) for soybean, and (2) identify a production system to improve the use of extractable water over a growing season. In mid- to late-May (the first soybean planting date), "Centennial" soybean in 38- or 76-cm rows was planted either between rows of standing wheat or in bare (monocropped) plots. After the wheat was harvested and the straw chopped, soybean was planted into bare soil or planted no-till into wheat stubble in mid-June for the second planting and in early July for the third. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe from soybean emergence to maturity. Differences between each water content profile and a dry profile (constructed using the lowest recorded water content at each depth) were regarded as extractable water. Neither soybean planting date nor cropping system, as a main effect, exerted much influence on extractable water for soybean. As interacting factors later in the season, however, they were important. Plots with soybean in 38- rather than 76-cm rows contained more extractable water throughout the 1982 and 1983 seasons, and yielded over 9% more seed. Canopies closed about 20 days sooner with narrow rows than with wide rows. These full canopies protected and shaded the soil surface, probably reducing crusting and decreasing water losses by evaporation. We concluded that double-cropped soybean in 38-cm rows planted either into standing wheat in late May or into wheat stubble not later than mid-June utilized extractable water efficiently in silty clay soils in northeastern Mississippi. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Lehrsch, G A AU - Whisler, F D AU - Buehring, N W AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 13 EP - 25 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil types KW - agriculture KW - available water KW - plants KW - crops KW - water use efficiency KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16649937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cropping+system+influences+on+extractable+water+for+mono-+and+double-cropped+soybean&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+G+A%3BWhisler%2C+F+D%3BBuehring%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; water use efficiency; plants; soil types; available water; agriculture; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship among sampling methods in density estimates of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae): Implications of sex, reproductive maturity, and sampling location AN - 16635199; 3649974 AB - Correlations among three sampling methods in counts of summerform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were determined. Counts obtained using yellow sticky traps, beat trays, and open-ended organdy bags were linearly and positively related. Factors that affected correlations among methods included sex, height in the three canopy from which the sample was obtained, and reproductive maturity of the insects. For a given beat tray count or bag count, sticky trap catches were larger for males than females, were larger in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy, and were reduced during sampling intervals in which most females were reproductively immature. These results suggest that males were more active than females, that psylla in the upper canopy were more active than those in the lower canopy, and that reproductively immature psylla were inactive comparatively. Absolute densities (psylla per leaf) were estimated by dropping open-ended organdy bags over pear shoots. This method proved to be time consuming, and therefore a regression equation that transformed beat tray counts into numbers of psylla per leaf was fitted; the model explained 49.3% of the variation. Sex ratios varied with sampling method and height in the canopy. Sticky trap counts were more male-biased than the other two sampling methods. Male bias was larger in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy. Percentage of female psylla that were reproductively mature varied with sampling method and height in the canopy. Females collected with sticky traps and in the upper canopy were often older than those collected with bags or in the lower canopy. Wing size of males and females did not differ between canopy heights. Wing size decreased between subsequent generations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 583 EP - 591 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Psyllidae KW - reproduction KW - sampling KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16635199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Relationship+among+sampling+methods+in+density+estimates+of+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29%3A+Implications+of+sex%2C+reproductive+maturity%2C+and+sampling+location&rft.au=Horton&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Homoptera; Psyllidae; population density; reproduction; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ag pollution: A new generation of rules? AN - 16619306; 3645332 AB - Society has legitimate concerns about surface- and groundwater pollution from agricultural operations. The question is, what is the best approach to limiting agricultural pollution? Some have characterized the options as either regulatory or voluntary approaches. The reality will probably be a combination. JF - Agricultural Outlook AU - Burt, J AD - Soil Conserv. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SN - 0099-1066, 0099-1066 KW - agricultural pollution KW - pollution control KW - groundwater contamination KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - environmental protection KW - water pollution control KW - agricultural runoff KW - surface water KW - legislation KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16619306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.atitle=Ag+pollution%3A+A+new+generation+of+rules%3F&rft.au=Burt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.issn=00991066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - legislation; watersheds; environmental protection; agricultural runoff; groundwater pollution; surface water; water pollution control; nonpoint pollution sources; agricultural pollution; pollution control ER - TY - CONF T1 - Problems of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 16616208; 3633117 AB - Insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been a recognised problem for only about 6 years. It now seriously threatens both conventional and gene transfer uses for this environmentally safe biological insecticide. Since 1985, the potential for resistance has been demonstrated in at least five insect species, and high levels of resistance among field populations have been reported in one species. In two moth species, Plodia interpunctella and Plutella xylostella, the potential for resistance is widespread among diverse populations and laboratory studies suggest that it can progress to high levels within only a few generations. The mechanism of resistance in these species involves a change in binding affinity of the insects' midgut membrane that is specific for the particular toxin type used in selecting the resistant population. Recognition of the inevitability of Bt resistance in insects has led to increased research on deployment strategies that might delay or prevent its evolution. Although resistance to Bt toxins expressed in genetically engineered plants has not been reported yet, it is imperative that resistance management tactics be developed before resistance reduces the pest control value of Bt. Currently, the focus of strategies for managing resistance is on techniques that minimise selection pressure, such as providing untreated refuges, and on the use of multiple toxins in various mixture, mosaic, rotational, or sequential patterns. Experimental data are needed to support the value of these approaches in different pest and cropping systems. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - McGaughey, W H Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 95 EP - 102 VL - 49 IS - 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - pest control KW - toxins KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pesticide resistance KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Problems+of+insect+resistance+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=McGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effect on postdiapause development and survival of embryos of three species of Melanoplus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 16613841; 3649977 AB - Postdiapause development and survival of embryos to hatch were studied at 10 constant temperatures (12, 15, 18, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42 degree C) for three species of North American grasshoppers: Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), M. bivittatus (Say), and M. differentialis (Thomas). M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus had similar development curves (rate versus temperature) with developmental thresholds of 10.4 and 9.8 degree C, respectively. M. differentialis had a slower development curve, but the developmental threshold was 8.8 degree C. Even though M. differentialis had a lower developmental threshold, mean hatch days, the time to the first day of hatch, and the respective thermal units were nearly double those of M. sanguinipes or M. bivittatus. Percentage of hatch was greatest at 26.8 degree C for M. sanguinipes, at 24 degree C for M. bivittatus, and at 26.3 degree C for M. differentialis; thermal death points were reached at 43, 42, and 42.3 degree C, respectively. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Fisher, J R AD - Rangeland Insect Lab., USDA-ARS-North. Plains Area, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 604 EP - 608 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - diapause KW - Melanoplus KW - embryos KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - survival KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Temperature+effect+on+postdiapause+development+and+survival+of+embryos+of+three+species+of+Melanoplus+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Melanoplus; Acrididae; Orthoptera; development; diapause; survival; embryos ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age and crowding affects the amount of sex pheromone and the oviposition rates of virgin and mated females of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16571235; 3635564 AB - The quantity of sex pheromone and the egg-deposition rate was recorded for mated and virgin adult females of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) for 2 wk following eclosion. When a female was mated, the amount of pheromone in the pheromone gland decreased and remained low. The rate of oviposition increased the day after mating, peaked 2 d following mating, and then gradually declined. This inverse correlation between pheromone quantity and oviposition rate also was seen in aging virgin females. The amount of sex pheromone present in the glands of virgin females decreased during the 1st wk after eclosion and then increased during the 2nd wk to about half the amount found in 1-d-old females. Egg deposition by virgin females held singly increased steadily during adult life. The number of eggs laid when 2, 5, or 10 females were combined into one cage was the same, but these groups of females laid 3.5 times more eggs on average per female than single females. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Abernathy, R L AU - Teal, PEA AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 350 EP - 354 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - females KW - Lepidoptera KW - crowding KW - age KW - Noctuidae KW - rates KW - oviposition KW - sex pheromone KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Age+and+crowding+affects+the+amount+of+sex+pheromone+and+the+oviposition+rates+of+virgin+and+mated+females+of+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Abernathy%2C+R+L%3BTeal%2C+PEA%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Abernathy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; sex pheromone; age; crowding; oviposition; rates; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of atrazine residues in soil and shallow groundwater: Effect of tillage and rainfall timing AN - 16570445; 3644908 AB - A field study began in 1986 to determine the effects of no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) management practices on the movement and leaching characteristics of several commonly used pesticides to shallow groundwater during corn (Zea mays L.) production. Specifically, the effect of tillage and rainfall timing on the spatial distribution of atrazine in the 0-30 cm soil depth and in shallow groundwater (less than 1 m depth) was evaluated in 1987, 1988, and 1989. These 3 years were selected because nearly the same amount of rain fell, but at different times and intensities, within the period between atrazine application and the first sampling. The average atrazine residues in the top 10 cm of soil of the two CT plots were much higher than the two NT plots in all years, regardless of the rainfall timing. This difference was about 23% in 1987 (first rain occurred 3 days after application), 56% in 1988 (12 h after application), and 63% in 1989 (6 days after application). Atrazine residue levels of 663 and 424 mu g/l were found in the samples collected, from the wells above the clay layer, 3 days after the first rain event in 1988, in the two NT plots. However, the concentrations decreased to 133 mu g/l and 105 mu g/l and 6 mu g/l and 5 mu g/l after 14 and 40 days, respectively. These relatively high residue levels in 1988 presumably resulted because the first rain event which contributed 48 mm of rain began 12 h after application and lasted about 2 days. The average residue levels of atrazine in the wells below the clay layer in the NT plots were higher than the CT plots in all 3 years. The semi-variograms for atrazine residues in the 0-30 cm soil depth showed that the residue values were spatially related for the separation distance of less than 16 m. For the well water samples, this distance was estimated to be about 30 m. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R AD - USDA-ARS, Nat. Resour. Inst., Pesticide Degrad. Lab., Bldg. 050, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 76 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Zea mays KW - agricultural pollution KW - atrazine KW - groundwat. KW - groundwater KW - infiltration KW - pesticide residues KW - pollutant persistence KW - soil types KW - soils KW - spatial distribution KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - rainfall KW - agriculture KW - Freshwater KW - groundwater pollution KW - agricultural runoff KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+atrazine+residues+in+soil+and+shallow+groundwater%3A+Effect+of+tillage+and+rainfall+timing&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Sadeghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; soils; agricultural runoff; rainfall; groundwater pollution; pollutant persistence; agriculture; leaching; pesticides; groundwater; spatial distribution; soil types; atrazine; infiltration; pesticide residues; Zea mays; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of cellular and extracellular proteins expressed by various isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species AN - 15606040; 3926038 AB - Protein expression profiles of 10 isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, M. avium 18 (formeriy M. paratuberculosis 18), and 1 isolate each of M. avium serotype 2, M. avium serotype 8, and M. bovis BCG were examined. Protein expression profiles of M. paratuberculosis and M. avium were similar. However, two-dimensional gel analysis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled cellular proteins resolved 4 proteins, with molecular mass of 28,000, 32,000, 32,000, and 42,000 daltons, which were expressed in greater amounts in M. paratuberculosis than in M. avium. Two proteins, with molecular mass of 43,000 and 60,000 daltons, were identified, which were expressed in greater amounts in M. avium than in M. paratuberculosis. Immuno (westem)-blot analysis, using antiserum from 2 cows clinically infected with M. paratuberculosis as the primary antibodies, suggested that the 42,000-dalton protein may be specific for M. paratuberculosis. Comparison of protein expression profiles may be useful as a tool for differentiating isolates of M. paratuberculosis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled extracellular proteins revealed variability among the isolates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled cellular proteins divided the M. paratuberculosis isolates into 2 groups on the basis of a difference in the amount of expression of a 28,000-dalton protein. This information may be useful in epidemiologic studies. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - White, W B AU - Whipple, D L AU - Stabel, J R AU - Bolin, CA AD - Leptospirosis/Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1399 EP - 1405 VL - 55 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - gel electrophoresis KW - proteins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15606040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cellular+and+extracellular+proteins+expressed+by+various+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+and+other+mycobacterial+species&rft.au=White%2C+W+B%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BBolin%2C+CA&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; gel electrophoresis; proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Artifacts caused by dehydration and epoxy embedding in transmission electron microscopy. AN - 76208920; 8305727 AB - Epoxy resins are the principal embedding media for the preservation of tissues to be sectioned and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Their primary advantages are good ultrastructural preservation, little or no shrinkage, ease of sectioning, and reasonable stability in the electron beam. However, epoxy resins also have disadvantages; namely, some are toxic, they may mask antigenic sites to a greater extent than do some other embedding resins, and they do not penetrate tissues as well as less viscous embedding formulations. Some unusual characteristics may also be revealed, for example, as shrinkage of organelles, as problems in poststaining sections, and as movement of tissue elements within the block and section. Some of the properties of epoxy resins are discussed in this report. JF - Microscopy research and technique AU - Mollenhauer, H H AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845-9594. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 496 EP - 512 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 1059-910X, 1059-910X KW - Epoxy Resins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Epoxy Resins -- toxicity KW - Microscopy, Electron -- methods KW - Tissue Embedding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76208920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microscopy+research+and+technique&rft.atitle=Artifacts+caused+by+dehydration+and+epoxy+embedding+in+transmission+electron+microscopy.&rft.au=Mollenhauer%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Mollenhauer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microscopy+research+and+technique&rft.issn=1059910X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food shortages and an epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy in Cuba. AN - 76224371; 8108040 AB - From late 1991 to mid-1993, cases of optic neuropathy of unknown etiology, which first appeared in unusual numbers in a western province of Cuba, spread and multiplied throughout the island. The dominant symptoms changed, becoming increasingly those of peripheral neuropathy. Incidence rates peaked in April 1993. An estimated 50,000 cases were reported. The majority were adult men and women (aged about 25-65), with comparatively few children or elderly people being affected. The cause has yet to be delineated. However, food shortages and radical changes in diet resulting from the longstanding US trade embargo and the recent loss of Eastern Europe as Cuba's trading partner have compromised nutritional status, especially B-vitamin sufficiency, and appear to be related to the neuropathic illnesses. In April 1993, the Cuban government began distributing vitamin supplements to every citizen. Causal hypotheses include tobacco-alcohol or "nutritional" amblyopia; cyanide toxicity from cassava; toxic legumes introduced as supplements to scarce flour; other toxins, for example pesticides, or a "blue mold" on tobacco; enterovirus; and a hereditary enzyme deficiency in affected persons. None of these factors appears to be present in all cases, but it is generally believed that an interaction of some toxin or toxins, in combination with nutritional deficiency, is likely to be the major cause. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Tucker, K AU - Hedges, T R AD - School of Nutrition and a Research Scientist, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 349 EP - 357 VL - 51 IS - 12 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cuba KW - Avitaminosis -- complications KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Nutritional Status KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Optic Nerve Diseases -- etiology KW - Optic Nerve Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Supply UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76224371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Food+shortages+and+an+epidemic+of+optic+and+peripheral+neuropathy+in+Cuba.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+K%3BHedges%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional practices of elite athletes. Practical recommendations. AN - 76214911; 8303140 AB - The nutritional intake of elite athletes is a critical determinant of their athletic performance and ability to compete both physically and mentally. However, their demanding training and travel schedules in addition to a possible lack of nutritional knowledge may prohibit them from maintaining an optimal dietary intake. Sound scientific data about the nutritional habits of elite athletes are limited and, therefore, it is not clear as to whether elite athletes are following nutritional recommendations and maintaining nutritionally sound diets. This review takes a comprehensive look at 22 recent dietary intake studies, including 50 groups of elite athletes. The time period for food record collection ranged from 3 to 7 days except for 2 studies which collected records for 21 and 22 days. Energy intakes of > 50 kcal/kg/day for male athletes who train for > 90 min/day and 45 to 50 kcal/kg/day for female athletes training for > 90 min/day are recommended. Bodyweight should be monitored frequently as a check on calorie intake. With a sufficient calorie intake (1.2 to 2.0 kg/kg/day) protein supplementation is not necessary. Ingested carbohydrate stored as glycogen serves as the primary fuel for muscle performance. Athletes in training should consume 70% of total calories as carbohydrate. Athletes on low energy diets (< 2200 kcal/day) should have a diet of < 25% fat, and athletes with large energy needs should consume 30% fat in their diet. In general, fat intakes should be reduced and carbohydrate intakes increased. Athletes should also restrict alcohol intake during training and competition periods. Athletes with low calorie intakes should consume foods with high contents of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and vitamin B12. Athletes with high calorie intakes should consume foods that are naturally high in or fortified with B-group vitamins. Fluid, electrolyte and energy supplementation is desirable to support circulatory, metabolic and thermoregulatory functions. There is no special food that will help elite athletes perform better; the most important aspect of the diet of elite athletes is that it follows the basic guidelines for healthy eating. JF - Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) AU - Economos, C D AU - Bortz, S S AU - Nelson, M E AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 381 EP - 399 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0112-1642, 0112-1642 KW - Dietary Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Dietary Fats KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Index Medicus KW - Drinking KW - Feeding and Eating Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- administration & dosage KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Dietary Fats -- administration & dosage KW - Energy Intake KW - Body Composition KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Adult KW - Caffeine -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sports Medicine KW - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76214911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+to+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+egg+antigen%3A+A+tool+for+predator+gut+analysis&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BNaranjo%2C+SE%3BBradley-Dunlop%2C+D%3BEnriquez%2C+F+J%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation and evaluation of alternative nutrient management practices on a demonstration watershed AN - 52817403; 1996-055131 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Coffey, S W Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 13 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - GLEAMS KW - watersheds KW - mathematical models KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - Duplin County North Carolina KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - North Carolina KW - shallow aquifers KW - soil management KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52817403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Simulation+and+evaluation+of+alternative+nutrient+management+practices+on+a+demonstration+watershed&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BCoffey%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2572 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Duplin County North Carolina; GLEAMS; ground water; hydrology; mathematical models; nonpoint sources; North Carolina; nutrients; shallow aquifers; simulation; soil management; soils; transport; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical transport under three management systems at the Ohio MSEA AN - 52814969; 1996-055132 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Workman, S R AU - Ward, A D AU - Fausey, N R Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 14 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - degradation KW - irrigation KW - triazines KW - transport KW - Pike County Ohio KW - agrochemicals KW - alachlor KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - optimization KW - preventive measures KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52814969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Chemical+transport+under+three+management+systems+at+the+Ohio+MSEA&rft.au=Workman%2C+S+R%3BWard%2C+A+D%3BFausey%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Workman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2589 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; alachlor; atrazine; concentration; degradation; experimental studies; herbicides; irrigation; land use; leaching; models; Ohio; Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area; optimization; organic compounds; pesticides; Pike County Ohio; preventive measures; soil management; soils; transport; triazines; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting areal distributions of salt-loading to the groundwater AN - 50333299; 1996-055128 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Corwin, D L AU - Vaughn, P J AU - Wang, H AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Cone, D G Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 10 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - solute transport KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - salinity KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - models KW - computer programs KW - spatial distribution KW - interactive techniques KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - information systems KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50333299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Predicting+areal+distributions+of+salt-loading+to+the+groundwater&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BVaughn%2C+P+J%3BWang%2C+H%3BRhoades%2C+J+D%3BCone%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2566 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ArcGIS; ArcInfo; chemical composition; computer programs; data processing; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; interactive techniques; models; monitoring; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; salinity; solute transport; spatial distribution; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced soils information systems from advances in computer technology AN - 50274411; 1994-017392 AB - Information is being requested with increasing frequency for location, quality, and quantity of soil properties, processes and interactions with various natural resources. Advancements in computer technology such as increased storage capabilities, faster processing speeds, improved database management systems, geographic information systems, and telecommunications have made it possible to provide more information in a more timely manner, and in formats better suited to user needs. These advancements also make it possible for the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) program to continue evolving in the scientific pursuit of understanding and communicating soil-landscape relationships and their interpretations. In an effort to take advantage of the advances in technologies, and to better respond to increased user needs, the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is developing a new National Soil Information System (NASIS). NASIS is intended to provide a number of new capabilities for the users of the system. Among these capabilities are the maintenance of individual observation data within the system and the capability to relate these individual observations and spatial variability of soil properties to individual delineated areas on soil maps. NASIS will also provide for the interpretation of individual components of map units as well as what were formerly included soils within the map units. With increases in capabilities coupled with increases in user needs for soil information, the NCSS has the opportunity as well as the responsibility to continually review practices, procedures and concepts in light of new technologies to assure that they are not based on prior constraints that these new technologies may have erased. JF - Geoderma AU - Ernstrom, Daniel J AU - Lytle, Dennis A2 - Wagenet, R. J. A2 - Bouma, J. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 327 EP - 341 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 60 IS - 1-4 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - soils KW - processes KW - technology KW - geographic information systems KW - natural resources KW - data processing KW - data bases KW - mapping KW - information systems KW - management KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50274411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Enhanced+soils+information+systems+from+advances+in+computer+technology&rft.au=Ernstrom%2C+Daniel+J%3BLytle%2C+Dennis&rft.aulast=Ernstrom&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 conference of Working Group M/V of the International Society of Soil Science N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; geographic information systems; information systems; management; mapping; natural resources; processes; soils; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability of isokinetic muscle strength testing in 45- to 78-year-old men and women. AN - 85225522; pmid-8239959 AB - The test-retest reliability of isokinetic muscle strength testing was determined in 45- to 78-year-old men (N = 71; mean age = 60.2 years) and women (N = 107; mean age = 60.0 years). The dynamic muscle strength of the knee and elbow extensor (KE, EE) and flexor (KF, EF) muscle groups was measured at slow (60 degrees/sec) and fast (K = 240 degrees/sec; E = 180 degrees/sec) angular velocities using a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer on two occasions seven to ten days apart. The mean peak torque in the second test was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in all muscle groups and both angular velocities tested in both sexes. The angle at which peak torque occurred did not change from the first to the second test except in the KF of females tested at 60 degrees/sec. Pearson's correlation coefficients (CCs; p < 0.01) in males ranged from .68 to .77 in the knee and from .71 to .84 in the elbow. In females, the CCs (p < 0.01) ranged from .58 to .74 in the knee and from .67 to .78 in the elbow. Thus in a large number of older men and women at least two tests may be necessary to determine isokinetic peak torque. JF - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation AU - Frontera, W R AU - Hughes, V A AU - Dallal, G E AU - Evans, W J AD - Human Physiology Laboratory, USDA--Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. PY - 1993 SP - 1181 EP - 1185 VL - 74 IS - 11 SN - 0003-9993, 0003-9993 KW - Age Factors KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Human KW - Muscles KW - Aged KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Knee KW - Kinetics KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Male KW - Female UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85225522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+isokinetic+muscle+strength+testing+in+45-+to+78-year-old+men+and+women.&rft.au=Frontera%2C+W+R%3BHughes%2C+V+A%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BEvans%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Frontera&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft.issn=00039993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Laboratory-acquired human infection with SP H 114202 virus (Arenavirus: Arenaviridae family): clinical and laboratory aspects]. TT - Infecção humana adquirida em laboratório causada pelo virus SP H 114202 (Arenavirus: família Arenaviridae): aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais. AN - 76307874; 7997756 AB - Here in is described the clinical and laboratorial findings of a laboratory-acquired infection caused by the virus SP H 114202 (Arenavirus, family Arenaviridae) a recently discovered agent responsible for a viral hemorrhagic fever. The patient was sick for 13 days. The disease had an abrupt onset characterized by high fever (39 degree C.), headache, chills and myalgias for 8 days. In addition, on the 3rd day, the patient developed nausea and vomiting, and in the 10th, epigastralgia, diarrhea and gengivorrhagia. Leucopenia was seen within the 1st week of onset, with counts as low as 2,500 white cells per mm3. Counts performed after the 23rd day of the onset were within normal limits. With the exception of moderate lymphocytosis, no changes were observed in differential counts. An increase in the titer of antibodies by complement fixation, neutralization and ELISA (IgM) was detected. Suckling mice and baby hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with 0.02 ml of blood samples collected in the 2nd and 7th days of disease. Attempts to isolate the virus were also made in Vero cells. No virus was isolated. This virus was isolated before in a single occasion in São Paulo State, in 1990, from the blood of a patient with hemorrhagic fever with a fatal outcome. The manipulation of the virus under study, must be done carefully, since the transmission can occur through aerosols. JF - Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo AU - Vasconcelos, P F AU - Travassos da Rosa, A P AU - Rodrigues, S G AU - Tesh, R AU - Travassos da Rosa, J F AU - Travassos da Rosa, E S AD - Serviço de Arbovirus, Instituto Evandro Chagas, FNS/MS, Belém, Pará, Brasil. PY - 1993 SP - 521 EP - 525 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0036-4665, 0036-4665 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Arenaviridae Infections -- virology KW - Arenaviridae -- isolation & purification KW - Laboratory Infection -- virology KW - Laboratory Infection -- diagnosis KW - Arenaviridae Infections -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76307874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.atitle=%5BLaboratory-acquired+human+infection+with+SP+H+114202+virus+%28Arenavirus%3A+Arenaviridae+family%29%3A+clinical+and+laboratory+aspects%5D.&rft.au=Vasconcelos%2C+P+F%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+A+P%3BRodrigues%2C+S+G%3BTesh%2C+R%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+J+F%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Vasconcelos&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.issn=00364665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Portuguese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of molybdenum supplementation on N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis and molybdenum excretion in rats. AN - 76229409; 7509181 AB - Molybdenum (Mo) supplementation reduces the incidence of nitrosamine-induced tumors in the esophagus and forestomach of laboratory animals, and the incidence of mammary cancer in female rats induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded amounts of Mo on NMU-induced mammary carcinogenesis, and on the excretion of Mo and copper (Cu). Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 5 wk were given ad libitum a low-Mo (0.026 mg/kg) diet and deionized water. After 15 d, a single SC injection of 50 mg NMU/kg body wt was administered to each of 30 rats in groups 2-5. Eight rats in group 1 served as untreated control. One week after the carcinogen treatment, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg Mo from sodium molybdate were added to each liter of drinking water for groups 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Groups 1 and 2 did not receive any Mo supplementation. After the rats had been Mo-supplemented for 38, 67, and 85 d, 48-h urine and fecal samples were collected from the same 48 rats, and Mo and Cu were determined. Molybdenum seemed to have little effect on Cu excretion. At each time interval, animals fed 0 or 0.1 mg Mo/L excreted more Mo in feces than in urine, whereas rats fed 1 and 10 mg Mo/L water excreted more Mo in urine than in feces, which indicates that Mo absorption was not easily saturated as the amount of Mo increased. However, the liver became saturated with Mo when 0.1-1 mg Mo/L was fed. The total number of palpable tumors per group 101 d after NMU administration was 109, 115, 101, and 81, and the total carcinomas per group were 92, 96, 86, and 65 for the animals in groups 2-5, respectively. The results indicate that supplemental Mo in the amount of 10 mg/L of drinking water inhibited mammary carcinogenesis. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Yang, S P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-7166. PY - 1993 SP - 245 EP - 256 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Molybdenum KW - 81AH48963U KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Copper -- urine KW - Random Allocation KW - Copper -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Molybdenum -- administration & dosage KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Molybdenum -- pharmacology KW - Molybdenum -- metabolism KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76229409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+molybdenum+supplementation+on+N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced+mammary+carcinogenesis+and+molybdenum+excretion+in+rats.&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BYang%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of a cDNA from Aspergillus parasiticus encoding an O-methyltransferase involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AN - 76166498; 8285664 AB - Aflatoxins are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Among the catalytic steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, the conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin and the conversion of dihydrosterigmatocystin to dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin are catalyzed by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferase. A cDNA library was constructed by using RNA isolated from a 24-h-old culture of wild-type A. parasiticus SRRC 143 and was screened by using polyclonal antiserum raised against a purified 40-kDa O-methyltransferase protein. A clone that harbored a full-length cDNA insert (1,460 bp) containing the 1,254-bp coding region of the gene omt-1 was identified by the antiserum and isolated. The complete cDNA sequence was determined, and the corresponding 418-amino-acid sequence of the native enzyme with a molecular weight of 46,000 was deduced. This 46-kDa native enzyme has a leader sequence of 41 amino acids, and the mature form of the enzyme apparently consists of 377 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 42,000. Direct sequencing of the purified mature enzyme from A. parasiticus SRRC 163 showed that 19 of 22 amino acid residues were identical to the amino acid residues in an internal region of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein. The 1,460-bp omt-1 cDNA was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system; a Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of crude extracts from this expression system revealed a 51-kDa fusion protein (fused with a 5-kDa beta-galactosidase N-terminal fragment).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Cary, J W AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Keller, N P AU - Chu, F S AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 3564 EP - 3571 VL - 59 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - omt-1 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - DNA, Fungal KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Methyltransferases -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76166498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+cDNA+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus+encoding+an+O-methyltransferase+involved+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BKeller%2C+N+P%3BChu%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - omt-1 N1 - Genetic sequence - X62988; GENBANK; X62979; X62987; S55473; X62989; X62986; L22091; X62990; X62981; X62980 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Curr Genet. 1992 Mar;21(3):231-3 [1563048] Prep Biochem. 1991;21(2-3):125-40 [1798691] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Feb;59(2):479-84 [8434913] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 May;59(5):1642-6 [8517755] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1980 Jan;63(1):110-4 [7380781] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] J Mol Biol. 1989 Mar 20;206(2):313-21 [2541254] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):291-306 [2017214] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Nov;230(1-2):120-8 [1840640] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why data reliability and risk assessment in soil interpretations? AN - 52826998; 1996-047597 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Mays, M D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 301 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - methods KW - risk assessment KW - interpretation KW - accuracy KW - land use KW - measurement KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52826998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Why+data+reliability+and+risk+assessment+in+soil+interpretations%3F&rft.au=Mays%2C+M+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; interpretation; land use; measurement; methods; risk assessment; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field studies of hydric soils; system design and considerations AN - 52826027; 1996-047900 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Hudnall, W H AU - Tiarks, A E AU - Patterson, W B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 350 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pressure KW - rainfall KW - temperature KW - wetlands KW - classification KW - hydric soils KW - accuracy KW - Eh KW - design KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52826027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Field+studies+of+hydric+soils%3B+system+design+and+considerations&rft.au=Hudnall%2C+W+H%3BTiarks%2C+A+E%3BPatterson%2C+W+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hudnall&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; classification; design; Eh; field studies; hydric soils; hydrology; pressure; rainfall; soils; temperature; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of methods for determining risk in soil science investigations AN - 52825074; 1996-047646 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Yates, S R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 308 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - methods KW - planning KW - pollution KW - risk assessment KW - accuracy KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52825074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+methods+for+determining+risk+in+soil+science+investigations&rft.au=Yates%2C+S+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; land use; methods; planning; pollution; risk assessment; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of soil solution sampled by suction lysimeters using the SWMS 2D model AN - 52823874; 1996-047779 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Wu, L AU - Baker, J M AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 219 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - sand KW - experimental studies KW - pressure KW - clastic sediments KW - rainfall KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - halogens KW - bromide ion KW - bromine KW - simulation KW - two-dimensional models KW - measurement KW - finite element analysis KW - sediments KW - suction KW - lysimeters KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52823874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+soil+solution+sampled+by+suction+lysimeters+using+the+SWMS+2D+model&rft.au=Wu%2C+L%3BBaker%2C+J+M%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bromide ion; bromine; clastic sediments; experimental studies; finite element analysis; halogens; lysimeters; measurement; pollutants; pressure; rainfall; sand; sediments; simulation; soils; solute transport; statistical analysis; suction; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on boron adsorption by reference minerals and soils AN - 50248693; 1994-033635 JF - Soil Science AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Heick, E L Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 316 EP - 321 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 156 IS - 5 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - silicates KW - iron oxides KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - effects KW - boron KW - adsorption KW - geochemistry KW - temperature KW - clay minerals KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50248693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+boron+adsorption+by+reference+minerals+and+soils&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BHeick%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; boron; clay minerals; effects; geochemistry; iron oxides; oxides; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implication of C-5, C-6 unsaturation as a key structural factor in steroidal alkaloid-induced mammalian teratogenesis. AN - 76050759; 8224110 JF - Experientia AU - Gaffield, W AU - Keeler, R F AD - Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1993/10/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Oct 15 SP - 922 EP - 924 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 0014-4754, 0014-4754 KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Veratrum Alkaloids KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Facial Bones -- abnormalities KW - Skull -- abnormalities KW - Mesocricetus KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Cricetinae KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Veratrum Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Veratrum Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76050759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experientia&rft.atitle=Implication+of+C-5%2C+C-6+unsaturation+as+a+key+structural+factor+in+steroidal+alkaloid-induced+mammalian+teratogenesis.&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-10-15&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experientia&rft.issn=00144754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Covalent modification of a highly reactive and essential lysine residue of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase. AN - 76298574; 8029335 AB - Chemical modification of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase with water-soluble N-hydroxysuccinimide esters was used to identify a reactive lysyl residue that is essential for activity. Incubation of Rubisco activase with sulfosuccinimidyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate (AMCA-sulfo-NHS) or sulfosuccinimidyl-acetate (sulfo-NHS-acetate) caused progressive inactivation of ATPase activity and concomitant loss of the ability to activate Rubisco. AMCA-sulfo-NHS was the more potent inactivator of Rubisco activase, exhibiting a second-order rate constant for inactivation of 239 M-1 s-1 compared to 21 M-1 s-1 for sulfo-NHS-acetate. Inactivation of enzyme activity by AMCA-sulfo-NHS correlated with the incorporation of 1.9 mol of AMCA per mol of 42-kD Rubisco activase monomer. ADP, a competitive inhibitor of Rubisco activase, afforded considerable protection against inactivation of Rubisco activase and decreased the amount of AMCA incorporated into the Rubisco activase monomer. Sequence analysis of the major labeled peptide from AMCA-sulfo-NHS-modified enzyme showed that the primary site of modification was lysine-247 (K247) in the tetrapeptide methionine-glutamic acid-lysine-phenylalanine. Upon complete inactivation of ATPase activity, modification of K247 accounted for 1 mol of AMCA incorporated per mol of Rubisco activase monomer. Photoaffinity labeling of AMCA-sulfo-NHS- and sulfo-NHS-acetate-modified Rubisco activase with ATP analogs derivatized on either the adenine base or on the gamma-phosphate showed that K247 is not essential for the binding of adenine nucleotides per se. Instead, the data indicated that the essentiality of K247 is probably due to an involvement of this highly reactive, species-invariant residue in an obligatory interaction that occurs between the protein and the nucleotide phosphate during catalysis. JF - Plant physiology AU - Salvucci, M E AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0076, USA. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 501 EP - 508 VL - 103 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Affinity Labels KW - Coumarins KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Plant Proteins KW - Succinimides KW - rca protein, plant KW - sulfosuccinimidyl 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate KW - 152305-86-7 KW - sulfosuccinimidyl acetate KW - 152305-87-8 KW - Trypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.4 KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.39 KW - Lysine KW - K3Z4F929H6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Kinetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- isolation & purification KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Succinimides -- pharmacology KW - Affinity Labels -- pharmacology KW - Coumarins -- pharmacology KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- isolation & purification KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- metabolism KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76298574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Covalent+modification+of+a+highly+reactive+and+essential+lysine+residue+of+ribulose-1%2C5-bisphosphate+carboxylase%2Foxygenase+activase.&rft.au=Salvucci%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Salvucci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Jan;268(1):93-9 [2912385] EMBO J. 1990 Aug;9(8):2351-9 [2196171] Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Nov;15(11):430-4 [2126155] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4132-6 [2021604] J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15;266(14):8963-8 [1827441] Biochemistry. 1992 May 12;31(18):4479-87 [1581304] Methods Enzymol. 1983;91:613-33 [6304454] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 5;268(19):14239-44 [8314787] Bioconjug Chem. 1993 Jul-Aug;4(4):268-74 [8218483] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Jul 6;122(1):147-50 [5968169] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Biochemistry. 1980 Nov 11;19(23):5321-8 [6778504] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 1;298(2):688-96 [1416997] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity and erythrocytic abnormalities induced in broiler chicks by fumonisins B1 and B2 and moniliformin from Fusarium proliferatum. AN - 76271197; 8159217 AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from broiler chicks that had ingested feed amended with autoclaved Fusarium proliferatum culture material containing fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and moniliformin. Lymphocyte viability was determined for birds that were placed on amended rations at day 1 or day 7 of age at three different levels of mycotoxins, ranging from 61-546 ppm FB1, 14-94 ppm FB2 and 66-367 ppm moniliformin. Reduction of the tetrazolium salt, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], to yield MTT formazan, based on mitochondrial metabolic activity, was used to assess cell viability. Lymphocyte cytotoxic effects were observed in all treatment groups on day 21; chicks that started on amended feed at day 1 of age were affected more than those that started at day 7. Abnormal erythrocytes resembling early stages of erythroblasts were observed in peripheral blood from test chicks. Abnormally shaped red cells (poikilocytes) having a spindle-shape with one or both ends pointed were present. Some red cells appeared to be undergoing mitosis. Both reduced lymphocyte viability and abnormal erythrogenesis occurred in chicks given feed amended with F. proliferatum culture material containing FB1, FB2 and moniliformin. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Javed, T AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AU - Cote, L M AU - Buck, W B AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Peoria, IL. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 47 EP - 54 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Cell Survival KW - Chickens KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Erythrocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76271197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+cytotoxicity+and+erythrocytic+abnormalities+induced+in+broiler+chicks+by+fumonisins+B1+and+B2+and+moniliformin+from+Fusarium+proliferatum.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BJaved%2C+T%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BCote%2C+L+M%3BBuck%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogenic effects of selenium in natural populations of freshwater fish. AN - 76109543; 7504614 AB - The prevalence of abnormalities and associated tissue selenium residues were assessed for the fish population of Belews Lake, North Carolina, and two reference lakes in 1975, 1978, 1982, and 1992. Teratogenic defects identified included lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, and head, mouth, and fin deformities. Many fish exhibited multiple malformations and some were grossly deformed and distorted in appearance. Other abnormalities observed were edema, exophthalmus, and cataracts. Whole-body tissue residues of selenium in the fishes of Belews Lake were up to 130 times those in the reference lakes and the incidence of abnormalities was some 7 to 70 times greater. Teratogenic defects increased as selenium levels rose between 1975 and 1982 and fell with declining selenium levels between 1982 and 1992 as selenium inputs into Belews Lake were curtailed. The relationship between selenium residues and prevalence of malformations approximated an exponential function (R2 = 0.881, P < 0.01; cubic model) for centrarchids over the range of 1-80 micrograms/g dry wt selenium and 0-70% deformities. This relationship could be useful in evaluating the role of teratogenic effects in warm-water fish populations suspected of having selenium-related reproductive failure. Unique conditions may have existed in Belews Lake which led to the high frequency and persistence of deformities in juvenile and adult fish. In other, less-contaminated locations competition and predation may eliminate malformed individuals in all but the larval life stage. Teratogenesis could be an important, but easily overlooked phenomenon contributing to fishery reproductive failure in selenium-contaminated aquatic habitats. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 181 EP - 204 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Fishes -- physiology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76109543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+effects+of+selenium+in+natural+populations+of+freshwater+fish.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral toxicity and repellency of borates to German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). AN - 76107320; 8254135 AB - The oral toxicities of boric acid and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DSOBTH) in dry-mixed, wet-mixed, and water-based solution baits were determined for German cockroaches, Blattella germanica L., in choice and nonchoice experiments. In dry-mixed, nonchoice bait tests, all cockroaches died within 1 wk. Time to mortality decreased as the concentration of boric acid increased. The LT50s for DSOBTH were not significantly different for any concentrations tested. In choice tests, the order of LT50s of boric acid and DSOBTH were 6.25% = 12.5% > 25% = 50% and 25% > 12.5% > 50% > 25%, respectively. Consumption of treated and control baits and the differences between the LT50s of the nonchoice and choice tests indicate repellency of the toxicants. Most German cockroaches died in 3-6 d in wet-mixed nonchoice tests, but all cockroaches survived the wet-mixed choice tests except at the lowest concentration of boric acid. This result indicated repellency. In nonchoice tests with water-based solutions, all cockroaches died in 5 d. In choice tests with boric acid solutions, mortality did not increase at concentrations > 1%. Choice/nonchoice ratios indicate no repellency of water-based solutions. In addition, consumption of treated and blank solutions was not significantly different for any concentration except 4% DSOBTH. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Strong, C A AU - Koehler, P G AU - Patterson, R S AD - Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1458 EP - 1463 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Borates KW - 0 KW - Boric Acids KW - Insect Repellents KW - Insecticides KW - disodium octaborate tetrahydrate KW - 12008-41-2 KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Male KW - Cockroaches KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Borates -- administration & dosage KW - Boric Acids -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76107320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Oral+toxicity+and+repellency+of+borates+to+German+cockroaches+%28Dictyoptera%3A+Blattellidae%29.&rft.au=Strong%2C+C+A%3BKoehler%2C+P+G%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for a gene cluster involving trichothecene-pathway biosynthetic genes in Fusarium sporotrichioides. AN - 76091286; 8252637 AB - Two overlapping cosmid clones (Cos1-1 and Cos9-1) carrying the Tox5 gene were isolated from a library of F. sporotrichioides strain NRRL 3299 genomic DNA. These cosmids were used to transform three T-2 toxin-deficient mutants that are blocked at different steps in the trichothecene pathway. Both cosmids restored T-2 toxin production to Tox3-1- or Tox4-1- mutants but neither restored T-2 toxin production to a Tox1-2- mutant. The production of T-2 toxin by the complemented Tox3-1- and Tox4-1- mutants, as well as the production of diacetoxycirpenol by the cosmid-transformed Tox1-2- mutant, were 2- to 10-fold higher than in strain NRRL 3299. In addition, those transformants carrying Cos9-1 produced significantly higher levels of trichothecenes than transformants carrying Cos1-1. Two different DNA fragments (FSC13-9 and FSC14-5), representing the region of overlap between the cosmid clones, were isolated. These fragments specifically complemented either the Tox3-1- mutant (FSC14-5) or the Tox4-1- mutant (FSC13-9). The trichothecene-production phenotype of these transformants was similar to NRRL 3299. These results suggest that two or more genes involved in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes are closely linked to Tox5. JF - Current genetics AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AU - Desjardins, A E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 291 EP - 295 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - Tox5 KW - Trichothecenes KW - 0 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - T-2 Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - T-2 Toxin -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Multigene Family KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76091286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+genetics&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+gene+cluster+involving+trichothecene-pathway+biosynthetic+genes+in+Fusarium+sporotrichioides.&rft.au=Hohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Hohn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Tox5 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of 5-fluorouracil treatment of chicks: a cell depletion model for the study of avian polymorphonuclear leukocytes and natural host defenses. AN - 76019637; 8415360 AB - Two-week-old Leghorn chicks injected intravenously with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were found to have a three- to fivefold reduction (P < .05) in circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) 5 to 10 days later. The reduction in PMN was dose-dependent with a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight of 5-FU, causing suppression of PMN to almost undetectable levels. Increasing the dosage of 5-FU to 400 mg/kg had no further effect on reducing the number of PMN in the circulation nor were overt clinical signs of toxicity observed. Single per os administration of 10(6) viable Salmonella enteritidis (SE) to individual groups of chicks treated or not treated with 5-FU at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 days postinjection resulted in a two- to sixfold increase in the incidence of SE organ invasion (liver and spleen) beginning on Day 4 postinjection and continuing through Day 12 postinjection. The greatest increase in organ invasion occurred on Days 8 through 10 postinjection and was inversely proportional to the greatest reduction in the number of circulating PMN. Using 5-FU, a granulocytopenic chicken model was developed that can be used to study the defensive role of avian heterophils against infectious agents. The results from these preliminary experiments indicate that PMN play a significant role in reducing organ invasion by SE in Leghorn chicks. JF - Poultry science AU - Kogut, M H AU - Tellez, G AU - Hargis, B M AU - Corrier, D E AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1873 EP - 1880 VL - 72 IS - 10 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Depletion -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Fluorouracil -- administration & dosage KW - Fluorouracil -- adverse effects KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Poultry Diseases -- immunology KW - Poultry Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Agranulocytosis -- veterinary KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- immunology KW - Models, Biological KW - Agranulocytosis -- immunology KW - Agranulocytosis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76019637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+5-fluorouracil+treatment+of+chicks%3A+a+cell+depletion+model+for+the+study+of+avian+polymorphonuclear+leukocytes+and+natural+host+defenses.&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H%3BTellez%2C+G%3BHargis%2C+B+M%3BCorrier%2C+D+E%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin Reduction in Cotton Fibers: Effect of Flash Heating on Endotoxin Content, Fiber Physical Properties, and Processability AN - 754893172; 13497619 AB - Raw cotton fiber was heated by three processes ( metal plates, forced draft laboratory oven, and gas-fired pilot plant dryer) to compare their effect on endotoxin content of the fiber. To achieve about 90% reduction in endotoxin content, it was necessary to treat the cotton between the metal plates for 120 seconds at 215C (419F), in the forced draft oven for 60 seconds at 250C (482F), or in the pilot plant dryer for 15- 20 seconds at 250-255C (500F). Fabric could be knit from heated cotton despite reductions in fiber bundle tenacity and elongation and yarn tenacity caused by the heat treatment. Heat-induced discoloration could be eliminated by a desize / scour / bleach treatment of fabric knit from heated cotton. JF - Textile Research Journal AU - Rousselle, Marie-Alice AU - Domelsmith, Linda N AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, U.S.A Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - Oct 1993 SP - 595 EP - 603 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 63 IS - 10 SN - 0040-5175, 0040-5175 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endotoxins KW - Fabrics KW - Fibers KW - Metals KW - Elongation KW - Scours KW - Cotton KW - Textiles KW - Heat treatments KW - Bleaches KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754893172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+Reduction+in+Cotton+Fibers%3A+Effect+of+Flash+Heating+on+Endotoxin+Content%2C+Fiber+Physical+Properties%2C+and+Processability&rft.au=Rousselle%2C+Marie-Alice%3BDomelsmith%2C+Linda+N&rft.aulast=Rousselle&rft.aufirst=Marie-Alice&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.issn=00405175&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F004051759306301005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Endotoxins; Scours; Elongation; Metals; Fibers; Cotton; Textiles; Bleaches; Heat treatments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759306301005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies AN - 51064214; 1994-003688 JF - Environmental Geology (Berlin) AU - Toy, T J AU - Osterkamp, W R AU - Renard, K G Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - Springer International, Berlin VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - models KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - prediction KW - hydrogeology KW - geomorphology KW - regression analysis KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51064214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.atitle=Prediction+by+regression+and+intrarange+data+scatter+in+surface-process+studies&rft.au=Toy%2C+T+J%3BOsterkamp%2C+W+R%3BRenard%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Toy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/1432-0495/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; geomorphology; hydrogeology; models; prediction; regression analysis; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerated erosion by armored vehicles, Fort Carson AN - 50256500; 1994-023919 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Shepherd, Russell G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 119 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - hills KW - Pinyon Canyon KW - Gulf War KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - rills KW - rates KW - erosion features KW - Fort Carson KW - planning KW - streams KW - outcrops KW - gullies KW - Colorado KW - management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50256500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Accelerated+erosion+by+armored+vehicles%2C+Fort+Carson&rft.au=Shepherd%2C+Russell+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1993 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colorado; erosion; erosion features; Fort Carson; Gulf War; gullies; hills; management; outcrops; Pinyon Canyon; planning; rates; rills; sediment transport; streams; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil solution composition relative to mineral distribution in Blue Ridge Mountain soils AN - 50205501; 1995-001872 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Norfleet, M L AU - Karathanasis, A D AU - Smith, B R Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1375 EP - 1380 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - South Carolina KW - Ultisols KW - stability KW - Appalachians KW - mineral composition KW - Blue Ridge Mountains KW - Sumter National Forest KW - aluminum KW - Kanhapludults KW - oxides KW - gibbsite KW - soils KW - North America KW - temperate environment KW - kaolinite KW - weathering KW - clay minerals KW - metals KW - residence time KW - sheet silicates KW - vermiculite KW - northwestern South Carolina KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - transformations KW - leaching KW - pore water KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50205501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+solution+composition+relative+to+mineral+distribution+in+Blue+Ridge+Mountain+soils&rft.au=Norfleet%2C+M+L%3BKarathanasis%2C+A+D%3BSmith%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Norfleet&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - SuppNotes - University of Kentucky Agric. Exp. Stn. Technical Contrib. No. 92-3-162 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aluminum; Appalachians; Blue Ridge Mountains; clay minerals; gibbsite; Kanhapludults; kaolinite; leaching; metals; mineral composition; mixed-layer minerals; North America; northwestern South Carolina; oxides; pore water; residence time; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; South Carolina; stability; Sumter National Forest; temperate environment; transformations; Ultisols; United States; vermiculite; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro rearing of Bracon mellitor and Catolaccus grandis with artificial diets devoid of insect components AN - 902355490; 14665813 AB - Bracon mellitor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Catolaccus grandis Burks (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), ectoparasitoids of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were reared in vitro for the first time on artificial diets devoid of insect components. The duration of the life cycles from egg to adult when these parasitoids were reared in vivo on boll weevil larvae, on semi-artificial diets retained with cotton fabric pads, or on diets with low agar concentrations (0.7%) were ca. 15.5, 16.5, and 15.0 days, for B. mellitor and 16.0, 17.5, and 15.5 days, respectively, for C. grandis. Percent adult emergence obtained with the same treatments was 58, 25, and 65 percent, for B. mellitor and 50, 28, and 60 percent, respectively, for C. grandis. Adult morphological characteristics and mating appeared normal. Male to female sex ratios were ca. 45:55 for both species. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Guerra, Antonio A AU - Robacker, Karen M AU - Martinez, Susana AD - USDA, ARS, BCPRU, 2413 East Highway 83 Weslaco, TX 78538, USA Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - Sep 1993 SP - 303 EP - 307 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agar KW - Artificial diets KW - Cotton KW - Fabrics KW - Mating KW - Nutrient deficiency KW - Parasitoids KW - Sex ratio KW - Bracon mellitor KW - Braconidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902355490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=In+vitro+rearing+of+Bracon+mellitor+and+Catolaccus+grandis+with+artificial+diets+devoid+of+insect+components&rft.au=Guerra%2C+Antonio+A%3BRobacker%2C+Karen+M%3BMartinez%2C+Susana&rft.aulast=Guerra&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1570-7458.1993.tb01717.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Mating; Agar; Nutrient deficiency; Cotton; Sex ratio; Artificial diets; Parasitoids; Bracon mellitor; Catolaccus grandis; Anthonomus grandis; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Braconidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01717.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a multispecies identification field test by modified agar-gel immunodiffusion. AN - 76046815; 8241808 AB - A multispecies identification field test (MULTI-SIFT) was developed for detection of beef, poultry, pork, sheep, horse, and deer in a wide variety of raw meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for detection of single species. MULTI-SIFT was demonstrated to be specific, relatively sensitive, and accurate in the complete speciation of 100 meat samples. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Cutufelli, M E AU - Mageau, R P AU - Schwab, B AU - Johnston, R W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Medical Microbiology Branch, Beltsville, MD 20705. PY - 1993 SP - 1022 EP - 1026 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Horses KW - Species Specificity KW - Deer KW - Cross Reactions KW - Immunodiffusion -- methods KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76046815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+multispecies+identification+field+test+by+modified+agar-gel+immunodiffusion.&rft.au=Cutufelli%2C+M+E%3BMageau%2C+R+P%3BSchwab%2C+B%3BJohnston%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Cutufelli&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of naturally occurring mycotoxins in feedstuffs and food. AN - 75991829; 8407669 AB - Aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and their respective metabolites require specific procedures for their determination because of their diverse chemistry and occurrence in complex matrices of feedstuffs and foods. Major sources of error in the analysis of these mycotoxins arise from inadequate sampling and inefficient extraction and cleanup procedures. The determinative step in the assay for each of these toxins is sensitive to levels below those that are considered detrimental to humans and animals. Aflatoxins can be determined in grains and animal fluids and tissues by TLC, HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and ELISA procedures. Zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, can readily be determined in cereal grains and foods by HPLC (50 ng/g) and by TLC (300 ng/g). No incurred levels of zearalenone or its metabolites have been detected in animal tissues destined for human consumption. Deoxynivalenol can be determined in wheat and corn at 300 ng/g by a rapid TLC procedure and at 325 ng/g by a GC method. Although not tested collaboratively, an HPLC procedure and an ELISA screening procedure are capable of detecting deoxynivalenol at low (nanograms/gram) levels in feedstuffs and foods. The recently characterized fumonisins can be detected by TLC, HPLC, and GC-MS at levels below those now considered harmful. Thin-layer chromatography and HPLC (with fluorescence detection of derivatives) procedures can detect fumonisins at approximately 100 ng/g; GC-MS is required for detection at lower levels. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Richard, J L AU - Bennett, G A AU - Ross, P F AU - Nelson, P E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 2563 EP - 2574 VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75991829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+naturally+occurring+mycotoxins+in+feedstuffs+and+food.&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRoss%2C+P+F%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary chromium supplementation with or without somatotropin treatment alters serum hormones and metabolites in growing pigs without affecting growth performance. AN - 75938051; 8360776 AB - Twenty-four castrated male pigs were used in a 2 x 2 treatment array to determine the main effects of and interactions between dietary chromium supplementation and pituitary porcine somatotropin (ppST) administration on growth performance and serum hormone and metabolite concentrations. The treatments were 1) control (basal diet); 2) chromium (basal diet+300 micrograms/kg diet added trivalent chromium as chromium picolinate); 3) ppST (100 micrograms/(kg body wt.d); and 4) chromium+ppST. Treatments were administered when pigs weighed between 30 and 60 kg. Blood was collected when pigs weighted 45 and 60 kg. All pigs treated with ppST exhibited improvements in growth performance (P < 0.05). Pigs given chromium showed no improvements in growth rate, feed efficiency or composition of gain. Measurements at 60 kg body weight revealed that ppST increased the cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio (P < 0.05). Chromium lowered serum insulin and glucose concentrations relative to controls (P < 0.05) and normalized the increase in glucose and insulin resulting from ppST treatment. No ppST x chromium interactions were noted, suggesting these changes in glucose and insulin metabolism are exerted through different mechanisms. These results indicate that chromium does not affect growth performance of young growing pigs. Chromium does normalize altered hormone and metabolite concentrations resulting from ppST treatment. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Evock-Clover, C M AU - Polansky, M M AU - Anderson, R A AU - Steele, N C AD - Nonruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 1504 EP - 1512 VL - 123 IS - 9 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Hormones KW - Insulin KW - Picolinic Acids KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I KW - 67763-96-6 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - picolinic acid KW - QZV2W997JQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Interactions KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- analysis KW - Blood Glucose -- analysis KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Animal Feed KW - Heart -- anatomy & histology KW - Food, Fortified KW - Time Factors KW - Body Composition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Growth Hormone -- blood KW - Growth Hormone -- administration & dosage KW - Hormones -- blood KW - Diet KW - Swine -- blood KW - Picolinic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Picolinic Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75938051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+chromium+supplementation+with+or+without+somatotropin+treatment+alters+serum+hormones+and+metabolites+in+growing+pigs+without+affecting+growth+performance.&rft.au=Evock-Clover%2C+C+M%3BPolansky%2C+M+M%3BAnderson%2C+R+A%3BSteele%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Evock-Clover&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of carbadox, copper, or Yucca shidigera extract on growth performance and visceral weight of young pigs. AN - 75961218; 8376238 AB - Two identical trials, each with 128 crossbred weanling barrows (6.8 +/- .2 and 7.6 +/- .2 kg for Trials 1 and 2, respectively), were conducted. In each trial, pigs were allowed to consume ad libitum a 16% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet (B), B + 55 ppm of carbadox, B + 250 ppm of copper (Cu), or B + 125 ppm of Yucca shidigera extract for 56 d (four pens/diet; eight pigs/pen). At d 56 of the test, eight pigs/diet (two pigs/pen) were slaughtered for carcass and viscera measurements. Data of carbadox treatment in Trial 1 are excluded from this paper because of an error in mixing of the diet. In Trial 1, during the test period from d 0 to 28, pigs fed Cu had greater (P .05) compared with those fed B. During the period from 29 to 56 d, ADG was similar among pigs fed different diets (P > .05) but ADFI was affected (P Cu > B). No differences (P > .05) among diets were detected for gain/feed (G/F) and visceral weights expressed as a percentage of slaughter BW. In Trial 2, during the first 28 d, the ADG, ADFI, and G/F responses of pigs to Cu, yucca extract, and B were similar to those observed in Trial 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Yen, J T AU - Pond, W G AD - R. L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 2140 EP - 2146 VL - 71 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Carbadox KW - M2X04R2E2Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Intestine, Small -- growth & development KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Random Allocation KW - Food, Fortified KW - Intestine, Small -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Carbadox -- pharmacology KW - Viscera -- drug effects KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Viscera -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75961218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+carbadox%2C+copper%2C+or+Yucca+shidigera+extract+on+growth+performance+and+visceral+weight+of+young+pigs.&rft.au=Yen%2C+J+T%3BPond%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Yen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize bronze 1:dSpm insertion mutations that are not fully suppressed by an active Spm. AN - 75957704; 8397136 AB - The Suppressor-mutator (Spm) family of maize transposable elements consists of autonomous Spm elements and nonautonomous defective Spm (dSpm) elements. One characteristic of this family is that the insertion of dSpm elements into a structural gene often permits some level of structural gene expression in the absence of SpM activity, and this structural gene expression is suppressed in trans by Spm activity. The Spm's subterminal repetitive regions (SRRs) contain several iterations of a 12-bp repeat motif. It had been proposed that binding of an Spm-encoded protein to these repeat motifs blocks structural gene transcriptional readthrough, thus suppressing gene expression. The bz-m13 allele of the bronze 1 locus contains a 2.24-kb dSpm insertion in the second exon of a Bz allele. In the absence of Spm activity, bz-m13 displays substantial Bz expression, and this expression is fully suppressed by Spm. Four intra-dSpm deletion derivatives are described in which this Bz expression is only partially suppressed by Spm. Each of these derivatives retains at least 12 SRR repeat motifs. Thus the presence of these repeat motifs is not sufficient to guarantee complete suppression by Spm. Some other property such as secondary structure or element size must play a role. JF - Genetics AU - Bunkers, G AU - Nelson, O E AU - Raboy, V AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1211 EP - 1220 VL - 134 IS - 4 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Glucosyltransferases KW - EC 2.4.1.- KW - flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.1.91 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - Biological Evolution KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - Glucosyltransferases -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Suppression, Genetic KW - Zea mays -- enzymology KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75957704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Maize+bronze+1%3AdSpm+insertion+mutations+that+are+not+fully+suppressed+by+an+active+Spm.&rft.au=Bunkers%2C+G%3BNelson%2C+O+E%3BRaboy%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bunkers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochem Genet. 1977 Feb;15(1-2):153-6 [849249] Biochem Genet. 1977 Jun;15(5-6):509-19 [880210] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4783-7 [2991894] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5863-7 [3039512] Genetics. 1987 Sep;117(1):117-37 [2822531] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Sep 26;16(18):8887-903 [3174435] Basic Life Sci. 1988;47:261-78 [2845913] EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4045-53 [2854053] Gene. 1989 Oct 15;82(1):127-33 [2555263] EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2029-35 [2162760] Genes Dev. 1990 Apr;4(4):559-66 [2163342] EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3051-7 [2170105] Plant Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;21(2):355-62 [8093849] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Excess dietary vitamin B-6 alters startle behavior of rats. AN - 75860110; 8336216 AB - Excessive intakes of vitamin B-6 can produce peripheral nervous system abnormalities, but few reports of central nervous system effects exist. We measured startle response, a central nervous system reflex, in rats fed excess pyridoxine to determine if subtle effects on central nervous system function could be detected. Female Long-Evans rats (218 g; n = 12) were fed either 1, 10, 100, 200 or 300 times the requirement of pyridoxine HCl (7 mg/kg) for 7 wk. Startle behavior was assessed weekly in chambers that allowed quantification of movement in response to stimuli. Food intake and body weights did not differ among groups (P > 0.1), and urinary vitamin B-6 excretion reflected intake (P < 0.001). Overt toxicity was not observed. There was a marginally significant effect of pyridoxine intake over time (P = 0.053) on the amplitude of response to a startling acoustic stimulus (117 dB, 40 ms) administered alone; the response appeared attenuated at the three highest pyridoxine concentrations. When the same stimulus was preceded by either a 70- or 75-dB prepulse (40 ms), responses of groups fed the two highest pyridoxine concentrations were significantly reduced relative to those fed the two lowest concentrations (P < 0.05). No effect of diet was seen with a startling tactile stimulus. Changes in central nervous system function were detected in rats fed excess vitamin B-6 using techniques of startle behavior measurement. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Schaeffer, M C AD - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1444 EP - 1452 VL - 123 IS - 8 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Pyridoxine KW - KV2JZ1BI6Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Diet KW - Touch KW - Female KW - Brain Stem -- drug effects KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Pyridoxine -- administration & dosage KW - Pyridoxine -- toxicity KW - Brain Stem -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75860110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Excess+dietary+vitamin+B-6+alters+startle+behavior+of+rats.&rft.au=Schaeffer%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Schaeffer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of Marek's disease virus recombinants expressing the Escherichia coli gpt gene. AN - 75852671; 8393240 AB - We developed a positive selection method for recovering Marek's disease virus (MDV) recombinants. The Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (gpt), under the control of the major immediate-early promoter from cytomegalovirus, was inserted into the inverted repeats flanking the unique long (UL) region of a non-pathogenic serotype 2 MDV strain 281MI/1. In a second demonstration of the usefulness of the positive selection system, the gpt gene was inserted into the inverted repeats flanking the unique short (US) region of the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) strain FC126. The targeted insertion site in 281MI/1 was in a previously established nonessential site for virus replication. The targeted insertion site for FC126, at the junction of the UL and US regions, is a nonessential site for in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus. Recombinant viruses were easily selected by incubating the transfected cells in mycophenolic acid (MPA)-containing medium. Purification of recombinants resulted from a series of trypsinization and sonication steps combined with the culturing of virus in MPA-containing medium to inhibit wild-type virus replication. This simple technique for recovering MDV and HVT recombinants should increase the efficiency of identifying nonessential sites and gene function analysis by insertional mutagenesis. JF - Virology AU - Marshall, D R AU - Reilly, J D AU - Liu, X AU - Silva, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, Michigan 48823. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 638 EP - 648 VL - 195 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - gpt KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - 0 KW - Pentosyltransferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.22 KW - Mycophenolic Acid KW - HU9DX48N0T KW - Index Medicus KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Mycophenolic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Pentosyltransferases -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- metabolism KW - Pentosyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75852671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Selection+of+Marek%27s+disease+virus+recombinants+expressing+the+Escherichia+coli+gpt+gene.&rft.au=Marshall%2C+D+R%3BReilly%2C+J+D%3BLiu%2C+X%3BSilva%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - gpt N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wave damage to floodwater retarding dams, the Soil Conservation Service perspective AN - 52825830; 1996-057760 JF - Miscellaneous Paper W (Vicksburg, Miss.) AU - Barkemeyer, O'Gene W A2 - Allen, Hollis H. A2 - Tingle, John L. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 60 EP - 62 PB - U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS KW - controls KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - waves KW - dams KW - floods KW - damage KW - shorelines KW - economics KW - interpretation KW - construction KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52825830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.atitle=Wave+damage+to+floodwater+retarding+dams%2C+the+Soil+Conservation+Service+perspective&rft.au=Barkemeyer%2C+O%27Gene+W&rft.aulast=Barkemeyer&rft.aufirst=O%27Gene&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers workshop on Reservoir shoreline erosion; a national problem N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03371 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction; controls; damage; dams; economics; erosion; floods; geologic hazards; interpretation; shorelines; waves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Planting techniques for vegetating shorelines and riparian areas AN - 52824397; 1996-057766 JF - Miscellaneous Paper W (Vicksburg, Miss.) AU - Hoag, J Chris AU - Short, Harold AU - Green, Wes A2 - Allen, Hollis H. A2 - Tingle, John L. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 114 EP - 124 PB - U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS KW - controls KW - erosion KW - reclamation KW - shorelines KW - vegetation KW - construction KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52824397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.atitle=Planting+techniques+for+vegetating+shorelines+and+riparian+areas&rft.au=Hoag%2C+J+Chris%3BShort%2C+Harold%3BGreen%2C+Wes&rft.aulast=Hoag&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers workshop on Reservoir shoreline erosion; a national problem N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03371 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction; controls; design; erosion; reclamation; shorelines; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The soil survey as paradigm-based science; discussion AN - 50306810; 1993-041086 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Swanson, David K Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1164 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - paradigms KW - philosophy KW - classification KW - mapping KW - landscapes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50306810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=The+soil+survey+as+paradigm-based+science%3B+discussion&rft.au=Swanson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Hudson, B. D., Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 56, p. 836-841, 1992 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; landscapes; mapping; paradigms; philosophy; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nitrous oxide on nickel deprivation in rats. AN - 75984257; 7691130 AB - Because nickel may have a biological function in a pathway in which vitamin B12 is important, an experiment was performed to determine the effects of nitrous oxide exposure in rats deprived of nickel. Exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) causes inactivation of cobalamin and a subsequent decrease in the vitamin B12-dependent enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonyl CoA mutase. Rats were assigned to dietary groups of 12 in a factorially arranged experiment with dietary variables of nickel (0 or 1 microgram/g) and vitamin B12 (0 or 50 ng/g). After 6 wk, one-half of the rats from each dietary group were exposed to 50% N2O/50% O2 for 90 min/d for the last 28 d of the experiment. Vitamin B12, N2O, or their interaction had numerous effects; classical findings included N2O-induced reduction in plasma vitamin B12 and decreases in the vitamin B12-dependent enzymes. Inactivation of vitamin B12 by N2O, however, did not exacerbate signs of nickel deprivation, possibly because the rats were able to metabolically compensate to N2O exposure. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Uthus, E O AU - Poellot, R A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 35 EP - 46 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Index Medicus KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Vitamin B 12 Deficiency -- chemically induced KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Rats KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Diet KW - Growth -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Vitamin B 12 -- metabolism KW - Vitamin B 12 -- blood KW - Nitrous Oxide -- pharmacology KW - Nickel -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75984257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nitrous+oxide+on+nickel+deprivation+in+rats.&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O%3BPoellot%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin receptor and C/EBP regulate the function of the glutathione S-transferase Ya gene xenobiotic response element. AN - 75841269; 8391636 AB - The rat glutathione S-transferase Ya gene xenobiotic response element (XRE) has both constitutive and xenobiotic-inducible activity. We present evidence that the XRE is regulated by both the constitutive C/EBP transcription factor and the xenobiotic-activated dioxin receptor. A ligand-activated XRE-binding protein was shown to be dioxin receptor by specific antibody immunodepletion and binding of highly purified receptor. Identification of C/EBP alpha as the constitutive binding protein was demonstrated by competition with a C/EBP binding site, protein-DNA cross-linking to determine the molecular weight of the constitutive protein(s), specific antibody immunodepletion, and binding of purified bacterially expressed C/EBP alpha. Mutational analysis of the XRE revealed that the constitutive factor (C/EBP alpha) shares a nearly identical overlapping binding site with the dioxin receptor. In functional testing of the putative C/EBP-XRE interaction, cotransfected C/EBP alpha activated an XRE test promoter in the non-xenobiotic-responsive HeLa cell line. Unexpectedly, cotransfected C/EBP alpha had no effect on basal activity but significantly increased the xenobiotic response of the XRE test promoter in the xenobiotic-responsive, C/EBP-positive HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, inhibition of C/EBP-binding protein(s) in HepG2 cells by transfection of C/EBP oligonucleotides suppressed the xenobiotic response. These results suggest that C/EBP alpha and dioxin receptor recognize the same DNA sequence element and that transcriptional regulation can occur by cooperative interactions between these two transcription factors. JF - Molecular and cellular biology AU - Pimental, R A AU - Liang, B AU - Yee, G K AU - Wilhelmsson, A AU - Poellinger, L AU - Paulson, K E AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 4365 EP - 4373 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 0270-7306, 0270-7306 KW - Ya KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Receptors, Drug KW - Xenobiotics KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - HeLa Cells KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line KW - Receptors, Drug -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Nuclear Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75841269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.atitle=Dioxin+receptor+and+C%2FEBP+regulate+the+function+of+the+glutathione+S-transferase+Ya+gene+xenobiotic+response+element.&rft.au=Pimental%2C+R+A%3BLiang%2C+B%3BYee%2C+G+K%3BWilhelmsson%2C+A%3BPoellinger%2C+L%3BPaulson%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Pimental&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.issn=02707306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Ya N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genes Dev. 1988 Jul;2(7):786-800 [2850264] Genes Dev. 1991 Sep;5(9):1538-52 [1840554] Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1681-8 [2494700] Genes Dev. 1989 Jun;3(6):760-9 [2744462] Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:743-64 [2673020] EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):69-76 [2153080] Genes Dev. 1989 Sep;3(9):1314-22 [2558052] J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 5;265(4):2269-77 [2153679] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):1841-52 [2325638] Cell. 1990 May 4;61(3):497-504 [2159384] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3826-30 [2160079] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1990;30:251-77 [2188570] J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 5;265(16):9251-8 [2160969] Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):771-4 [2202050] Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1266-72 [2119054] Cell. 1990 Nov 2;63(3):643-53 [2171780] J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20708-12 [2173716] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6408-16 [2174107] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;11(1):401-11 [1986235] Cell. 1991 Feb 8;64(3):565-72 [1846780] Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):954-8 [1852076] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jun;11(6):3379-83 [2038339] Genes Dev. 1991 Sep;5(9):1553-67 [1884998] Genes Dev. 1991 Oct;5(10):1754-66 [1655570] Cell. 1991 Nov 1;67(3):569-79 [1934061] Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1251-66 [1662118] Genes Dev. 1992 Mar;6(3):439-53 [1547942] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1708-18 [1312668] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1856-63 [1312672] J Biol Chem. 1992 Apr 5;267(10):6874-8 [1313025] Science. 1992 Apr 17;256(5055):370-3 [1314426] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):246-53 [1314586] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 May;12(5):2115-23 [1314949] Genes Dev. 1992 Jun;6(6):991-1004 [1592265] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 1;89(11):4811-5 [1317573] J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 5;267(16):11111-9 [1597449] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;12(7):3070-7 [1620116] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8185-9 [1325649] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jan;13(1):677-89 [8380231] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8044-8 [3464941] Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1759-64 [3289117] Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):350-3 [2838908] Cell. 1988 Jul 29;54(3):313-23 [3396073] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):5859-63 [3413062] Nature. 1988 Nov 17;336(6196):262-5 [2848197] Mol Toxicol. 1989 Oct-Dec;2(4):215-35 [2490978] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Sep;11(9):4314-23 [1652054] Nature. 1989 Apr 13;338(6216):585-7 [2648160] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Longitudinal Analysis of Factors Influencing Increased Technology Adoption in Swaziland, 1985-1991 AN - 61345307; 9410546 AB - Socioeconomic factors related to farm-level adoption of agricultural technology in Swaziland are examined using data on tractor plow, basal fertilizer, & topdress fertilizer adoption collected in 1985-1991 in 3 separate surveys of 85 households. Farm size, farm labor, output prices, capital availability, education, risk & uncertainty, & draft animal ownership were found to impact adoption of some technology. Other significant findings include: (1) increased labor availability was positively related to increased adoption of all 3 technologies; (2) level of off-farm income was associated with adoption of tractor plowing & use of basal fertilizer; (3) larger farm size was associated with greater use of basal & topdress fertilizers; & (4) reduced objective risk &, thus, greater expectations of output levels, were associated with greater adoption of technology. 4 Tables. D. Generoli JF - Journal of Developing Areas AU - Shields, Martin L AU - Rauniyar, Ganesh P AU - Goode, Frank M AD - Resource & Technology Division Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 14th St & Independence Ave SW Washington DC 20250-0001 Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 469 EP - 484 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0022-037X, 0022-037X KW - agricultural technology, farm-level adoption, Swaziland KW - socioeconomic factors KW - 1985-1991 household surveys KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Farms KW - Swaziland KW - Agricultural Technology KW - Adoption of Innovations KW - article KW - 1772: sociology of science; sociology of technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61345307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Developing+Areas&rft.atitle=A+Longitudinal+Analysis+of+Factors+Influencing+Increased+Technology+Adoption+in+Swaziland%2C+1985-1991&rft.au=Shields%2C+Martin+L%3BRauniyar%2C+Ganesh+P%3BGoode%2C+Frank+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Developing+Areas&rft.issn=0022037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JDARB4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural Technology; Farms; Swaziland; Socioeconomic Factors; Adoption of Innovations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved suction apparatus for plating clay specimens onto ceramic tiles AN - 50336262; 1993-023546 AB - The apparatus is pictured and sketched, and its use is described. JF - Journal of Sedimentary Petrology AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Grissinger, E H AU - Bigham, J M Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 763 EP - 765 PB - Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4472, 0022-4472 KW - clay KW - sample preparation KW - clastic sediments KW - suction apparatus KW - sediments KW - X-ray analysis KW - techniques KW - plating KW - ceramic tiles KW - instruments KW - X-ray diffraction analysis KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50336262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sedimentary+Petrology&rft.atitle=An+improved+suction+apparatus+for+plating+clay+specimens+onto+ceramic+tiles&rft.au=Rhoton%2C+F+E%3BGrissinger%2C+E+H%3BBigham%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Rhoton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sedimentary+Petrology&rft.issn=00224472&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSEPAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ceramic tiles; clastic sediments; clay; instruments; plating; sample preparation; sediments; suction apparatus; techniques; X-ray analysis; X-ray diffraction analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Conservation Reserve Program: Status, Future, and Policy Options AN - 19166026; 9309601 AB - After Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contracts expire, annual rental payments made by USDA to CRP participants will end and producers will decide the next use of their land. Most CRP acres will either be planted to crops, depending largely on commodity market conditions, placed in annual acreage set-asides, kept in grass for livestock production, or left idle. Land first placed in the CRP will be available for crop production or other uses starting in late 1995. The expiration of CRP contracts raises concerns over the extent of conservation, wildlife and environmental reversals that will occur, particularly if commodity markets are favorable in 1996 and 1997. While the conservation compliance provision of farm legislation will not prevent much CRP land from returning to production, it will moderate increases in soil erosion and onsite productivity losses on most CRP land that is recropped. However, the effectiveness of conservation compliance in protecting water quality is unclear, and it will do little to maintain wildlife habitat benefits currently provided by CRP. Keeping all CRP land under contract currently costs nearly two billion dollars each year. Adoption of something similar to the bid acceptance procedure used for the post-1990 CRP signups offers promise for targeting CRP land under whatever post-contract program Congress might enact. (Brunone-PTT) JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation JSWCA3, Vol. 48, No. 4, p 271-278, July/August 1993. 5 fig, 2 tab, 2 ref. AU - Osborn, T AD - USDA Economic Research Service, Washington DC Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Agriculture KW - *Conservation Reserve Program KW - *Economic aspects KW - *Environmental protection KW - *Erosion control KW - *Federal jurisdiction KW - *Regulations KW - *Soil conservation KW - Contracts KW - Costs KW - Soil erosion KW - Water quality KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19166026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Conservation+Reserve+Program%3A+Status%2C+Future%2C+and+Policy+Options&rft.au=Osborn%2C+T&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage Sludge Proteins: I. Extraction Methodology AN - 19152959; 9309718 AB - The extraction and quantitation of sewage sludge proteins is a prerequisite to evaluating their role as labile C and N sources in sludge-amended soil. Extraction methodology was developed for the routine quantitation of sewage sludge proteins. Seven sewage sludges were obtained and prepared by oven drying at 55 C followed by extensive grinding and mixing to produce homogenous samples. Proteins were extracted using H2O, 10% (v/v) Triton X-100 (a non-ionic detergent), and 1 M NaOH, and they were analyzed using the Lowry protein assay with bovine serum albumin standards. Protein contents of extracts ranged from (in g/kg, dry wt. basis): (1) H2O, 1.3 to 24; (2) 10% Triton X-100, 3.6 to 59; and (3) 1 M NaOH, 53 to 280. Water and detergent-extractable proteins were less than, and base-extractable proteins were within, literature values reported for total sludge proteins. The coefficients of variation (CV) for each extractant and all sludges were, with one exception, below 6%. The three methodologies provided precise and reproducible data for the extraction of sewage sludge proteins. The detergent extraction procedure is recommended for routine use because of its shorter extraction time. (See also W93-09719) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Quality JEVQAA, Vol. 22, No. 3, p 620-624, July/September 1993. 3 tab, 34 ref. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. 15-2924. AU - Lerch, R N AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Azari, P AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Analytical methods KW - *Land disposal KW - *Proteins KW - *Sludge analysis KW - *Sludge disposal KW - Carbon KW - Detergents KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrient sources KW - Reproducibility KW - Sample preparation KW - Separation techniques KW - Soil amendments KW - Solvent extraction KW - Variation coefficient KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sewage+Sludge+Proteins%3A+I.+Extraction+Methodology&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BAzari%2C+P%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage Sludge Proteins: II. Extract Characterization AN - 19146068; 9309719 AB - The characterization of sewage sludge proteins is necessary to better understand their degradation by microbial populations when sludges are utilized for land application. The molecular weights of extractable sewage sludge proteins were characterized by dialysis partitioning and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) separation. Sewage sludges obtained from seven municipalities were extracted using H2O and 1 M NaOH followed by purification and concentration to facilitate molecular weight determinations. Dialysis partitioning of proteins showed that the majority of these compounds had molecular weights <14,000 (i.e., they were not retained by dialysis membrane). The separation of proteins by PAGE also showed that the bulk of H2O and 1 M NaOH soluble proteins were of low molecular weight ( <17,000). This indicated considerable proteolysis during waste treatment processing. Thus, the extractable sludge proteins appeared to be primarily polypeptides and oligopeptides rather than intact proteins. Based on these findings, sludge proteinaceous materials would be expected to degrade rapidly in soil due to the many soil microorganisms capable of utilizing protein degradation products. (See also W93-09718) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Quality JEVQAA, Vol. 22, No. 3, p 625-629, July/September 1993. 6 fig, 1 tab, 23 ref. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. 15-2924. AU - Lerch, R N AU - Azari, P AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Analytical methods KW - *Land disposal KW - *Sludge analysis KW - *Sludge disposal KW - *Solvent extraction KW - Dialysis KW - Microbial degradation KW - Molecular weight KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Peptides KW - Proteins KW - Sample preparation KW - Separation techniques KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19146068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sewage+Sludge+Proteins%3A+II.+Extract+Characterization&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BAzari%2C+P%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction between Aluminum Toxicity and Calcium Uptake at the Root Apex in Near-Isogenic Lines of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Differing in Aluminum Tolerance. AN - 1859379135; 12231883 AB - Aluminum (Al) is toxic to plants at pH < 5.0 and can begin to inhibit root growth within 3 h in solution experiments. The mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Disruption of calcium (Ca) uptake by Al has long been considered a possible cause of toxicity, and recent work with wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thell) has demonstrated that Ca uptake at the root apex in an Al-sensitive cultivar (Scout 66) was inhibited more than in a tolerant cultivar (Atlas 66) (J.W. Huang, J.E. Shaff, D.L. Grunes, L.V. Kochian [1992] Plant Physiol 98: 230-237). We investigated this interaction further in wheat by measuring root growth and Ca uptake in three separate pairs of near-isogenic lines within which plants exhibit differential sensitivity to Al. The vibrating calcium-selective microelectrode technique was used to estimate net Ca uptake at the root apex of 6-d-old seedlings. Following the addition of 20 or 50 [mu]M AlCl3, exchange of Ca for Al in the root apoplasm caused a net Ca efflux from the root for up to 10 min. After 40 min of exposure to 50 [mu]M Al, cell wall exchange had ceased, and Ca uptake in the Al-sensitive plants of the near-isogenic lines was inhibited, whereas in the tolerant plants it was either unaffected or stimulated. This provides a general correlation between the inhibition of growth by Al and the reduction in Ca influx and adds some support to the hypothesis that a Ca/Al interaction may be involved in the primary mechanism of Al toxicity in roots. In some treatments, however, Al was able to inhibit root growth significantly without affecting net Ca influx. This suggests that the correlation between inhibition of Ca uptake and the reduction in root growth may not be a mechanistic association. The inhibition of Ca uptake by Al is discussed, and we speculate about possible mechanisms of tolerance. JF - Plant physiology AU - Ryan, P. R. AU - Kochian, L. V. AD - United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 975 EP - 982 VL - 102 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859379135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Interaction+between+Aluminum+Toxicity+and+Calcium+Uptake+at+the+Root+Apex+in+Near-Isogenic+Lines+of+Wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum+L.%29+Differing+in+Aluminum+Tolerance.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+P.+R.%3BKochian%2C+L.+V.&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue recovery at PPB levels of 10 nitrosamines from frankfurters by supercritical fluid extraction. AN - 75878626; 8394373 AB - The design of a laboratory-assembled supercritical fluid extractor is described for the efficient recovery of volatile nitrosamines from a common-cured meat product, frankfurters. The principal feature of the apparatus was a newly designed restrictor-collector interface where a commercial solid-phase extraction cartridge was directly attached to the micrometering valve. This reduced the path length between the discharge tube and the 1 g silica gel sorbent bed. The elapsed time for each 2.5 g sample extraction with supercritical CO2 was 17 min. The nitrosamines were separated and detected using a gas-chromatographic chemiluminescence (Thermal Energy Analyzer, Thermedics, Inc.; Woburn, MA) system. Recovery of 10 volatile aliphatic and alicyclic nitrosamines from frankfurters, fortified at the 20 ppb level, ranged from 84.3 to 104.8% with relative standard deviation of 2.34 to 6.13%. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Maxwell, R J AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 212 EP - 215 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Nitrosamines KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Silica Gel KW - 60650-90-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Volatilization KW - Pressure KW - Nitrosamines -- isolation & purification KW - Meat Products -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75878626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+recovery+at+PPB+levels+of+10+nitrosamines+from+frankfurters+by+supercritical+fluid+extraction.&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+R+J%3BPensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Melatonin and pineal neurochemicals in steers grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue: effects of metoclopramide. AN - 75846644; 8392046 AB - Plasma and pineal melatonin (MEL) and selected pineal neurochemicals (5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) associated with MEL synthesis were determined in steers grazing Acremonium coenophialum (endophyte)-infected 'Kentucky-31' tall fescue paddocks. Paddock treatments included low (LE, 33%) or high (HE, 74%) endophyte at either low (134 kg.ha-1 x yr-1, LN) or high (335 kg.ha-1 x yr-1, HN) nitrogen fertilization. Twelve pairs of yearling Angus steers were randomly assigned to three replications of the paddock treatments (LEHN, HEHN, LELN, and HELN). One steer in each of the 12 paddocks received per os either a dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (MC; 15 mg/kg), or sucrose (S; 15 mg/kg) three times weekly for 10 wk. Blood was collected via jugular cannulas during the day and night for plasma MEL analysis and pineal glands were collected at termination. Day and night plasma MEL in the S/HEHN steers was reduced by 31.7 and 35.4% (P < .05), respectively, compared with that in S/LEHN steers. Mean night plasma MEL in the S/HELN steers was reduced by 26.7% (P < .05) compared with that in S/LELN steers. Metoclopramide reduced mean day and night plasma MEL by 22.9 and 38.3% (P < .05), respectively, in the LEHN steers and increased night MEL in the HELN animals by 35.1% (P < .05). During the day and night, there was a MC x pasture treatment interaction (P < .05). No differences were observed in either pineal MEL or the pineal neurochemicals. Acremonium coenophialum-infected fescue reduced plasma concentrations of MEL in steers, whereas treatment with MC altered plasma MEL biphasically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Porter, J K AU - Stuedemann, J A AU - Thompson, F N AU - Buchanan, B A AU - Tucker, H A AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agriculture Research Center, USDA, Athens, GA 30613. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1526 EP - 1531 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan KW - C1LJO185Q9 KW - Melatonin KW - JL5DK93RCL KW - Metoclopramide KW - L4YEB44I46 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - N-acetylserotonin KW - P4TO3C82WV KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Acremonium -- growth & development KW - Animal Feed KW - Food Microbiology KW - Serotonin -- biosynthesis KW - Random Allocation KW - Norepinephrine -- biosynthesis KW - Dopamine -- biosynthesis KW - Serotonin -- analogs & derivatives KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan -- biosynthesis KW - Male KW - Melatonin -- blood KW - Pineal Gland -- metabolism KW - Metoclopramide -- pharmacology KW - Melatonin -- biosynthesis KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Cattle -- blood KW - Pineal Gland -- drug effects KW - Poaceae -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75846644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Melatonin+and+pineal+neurochemicals+in+steers+grazed+on+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue%3A+effects+of+metoclopramide.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K%3BStuedemann%2C+J+A%3BThompson%2C+F+N%3BBuchanan%2C+B+A%3BTucker%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research to understand and control Salmonella enteritidis in chickens and eggs. AN - 75823476; 8321820 AB - When it became evident that the association of human Salmonella enteritidis (SE) outbreaks with the consumption of contaminated Grade A eggs posed a threat to public health and to the economic viability of the egg industry, research programs were rapidly initiated to investigate the many unanswered questions about SE in eggs and chickens. Research efforts have focused on the dynamics of deposition, survival, and growth of SE in eggs, the pathogenesis of SE in chickens, strategies for detecting SE-infected flocks, opportunities for intervening to prevent infection, the sources of SE in laying flocks, options for effectively cleaning poultry houses, and the epidemiology of SE infections of humans and chickens. This research has provided a substantially better understanding of the SE problem in poultry, but many further questions about the basis for and the prevention of eggborne transmission of SE remain to be answered. JF - Poultry science AU - Gast, R K AU - Beard, C W AD - USDA, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1157 EP - 1163 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75823476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Research+to+understand+and+control+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+chickens+and+eggs.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BBeard%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-effective techniques to control human enteropathogens on fresh poultry. AN - 75819251; 8321823 AB - Salmonella is a multi-faceted problem that must be attacked on many fronts. The results of Food Safety and Inspection Service's Puerto Rico Bacterial Control Project confirmed that there is no "silver bullet." The project showed that a combination of management commitment, process control, and specific interventions at key control points can bring about significant improvements in the bacterial quality of fresh poultry. JF - Poultry science AU - James, W O AU - Prucha, J C AU - Brewer, R L AD - USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, District of Columbia 20250. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1174 EP - 1176 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Puerto Rico KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology -- standards KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75819251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Cost-effective+techniques+to+control+human+enteropathogens+on+fresh+poultry.&rft.au=James%2C+W+O%3BPrucha%2C+J+C%3BBrewer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry production. A summary of work at Russell Research Center. AN - 75809568; 8321822 AB - The primary mission of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit is to develop technology preventing commensal intestinal colonization of chickens by human bacterial enteropathogens, including Salmonella and Campylobacter. The different mechanisms of colonization and the wide variety of sources of these pathogens combined with the different factors that affect host susceptibility to colonization indicate that a multifaceted research approach will be required to control Salmonella and Campylobacter during poultry production. The working hypothesis is that only by delivering chickens free of Salmonella or Campylobacter to the processing plant can significant reductions in the number and levels of contamination of chickens leaving the plant with these pathogens be achieved. As the means are developed to substantially reduce or eliminate the intestinal colonization of chickens by these pathogens, the pathogen-free chickens can be delivered to the processing plant, thereby eliminating or at least reducing the prevalence and levels of Salmonella on processed broilers. JF - Poultry science AU - Bailey, J S AD - USDA, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1169 EP - 1173 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- veterinary KW - Research KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Food Microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75809568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Control+of+Salmonella+and+Campylobacter+in+poultry+production.+A+summary+of+work+at+Russell+Research+Center.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Error assessment in the Universal Soil Loss Equation AN - 50343314; 1993-023633 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Risse, L M AU - Nearing, M A AU - Nicks, A D AU - Laflen, J M Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 825 EP - 833 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - models KW - errors KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - runoff KW - statistical analysis KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50343314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Error+assessment+in+the+Universal+Soil+Loss+Equation&rft.au=Risse%2C+L+M%3BNearing%2C+M+A%3BNicks%2C+A+D%3BLaflen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Risse&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 6 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; erosion rates; errors; models; runoff; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining completion of excess salt removal from clays; method comparisons AN - 50342246; 1993-023637 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Mekonnen, Eyasu J AU - Nater, Edward A AU - Laird, David A Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 874 EP - 877 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - electrical conductivity KW - chemical analysis KW - cation exchange capacity KW - bentonite KW - techniques KW - aqueous solutions KW - X-ray diffraction analysis KW - clay minerals KW - sedimentary rocks KW - X-ray analysis KW - wet methods KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - halloysite KW - clastic rocks KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50342246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Determining+completion+of+excess+salt+removal+from+clays%3B+method+comparisons&rft.au=Mekonnen%2C+Eyasu+J%3BNater%2C+Edward+A%3BLaird%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Mekonnen&rft.aufirst=Eyasu&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=874&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Paper No. 19926 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; bentonite; cation exchange capacity; chemical analysis; clastic rocks; clay minerals; electrical conductivity; halloysite; ion exchange; sedimentary rocks; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; techniques; wet methods; X-ray analysis; X-ray diffraction analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boron adsorption mechanisms on oxides, clay minerals, and soils inferred from ionic strength effects AN - 50341146; 1993-023624 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Heick, E L Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 704 EP - 708 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - anions KW - goethite KW - Palexeralfs KW - physicochemical properties KW - mechanism KW - kaolinite KW - adsorption KW - clay minerals KW - Alfisols KW - Durixeralfs KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - boron KW - gibbsite KW - montmorillonite KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50341146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Boron+adsorption+mechanisms+on+oxides%2C+clay+minerals%2C+and+soils+inferred+from+ionic+strength+effects&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BHeick%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=704&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 2 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; Alfisols; anions; boron; clay minerals; Durixeralfs; gibbsite; goethite; kaolinite; mechanism; montmorillonite; oxides; Palexeralfs; physicochemical properties; sheet silicates; silicates; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved method for quantifying soil macroporosity AN - 50341111; 1993-023632 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Vermeul, V R AU - Istok, J D AU - Flint, A L AU - Pikul, J L, Jr Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 809 EP - 816 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - properties KW - thin sections KW - porosity KW - northeastern Oregon KW - ground water KW - Umatilla County Oregon KW - morphology KW - Oregon KW - quantitative analysis KW - ultraviolet spectra KW - macroporosity KW - hydrodynamics KW - water regimes KW - spectra KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50341111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=An+improved+method+for+quantifying+soil+macroporosity&rft.au=Vermeul%2C+V+R%3BIstok%2C+J+D%3BFlint%2C+A+L%3BPikul%2C+J+L%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Vermeul&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 2 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ground water; hydrodynamics; macroporosity; methods; morphology; northeastern Oregon; Oregon; porosity; properties; quantitative analysis; soils; spectra; thin sections; ultraviolet spectra; Umatilla County Oregon; United States; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting soil detachment by raindrops AN - 50340761; 1993-023618 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sharma, P P AU - Gupta, S C AU - Foster, G R Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 674 EP - 680 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - models KW - erosion KW - rainsplash KW - sedimentation KW - water erosion KW - raindrops KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - kinetics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50340761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Predicting+soil+detachment+by+raindrops&rft.au=Sharma%2C+P+P%3BGupta%2C+S+C%3BFoster%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; erosion rates; kinetics; models; raindrops; rainsplash; sedimentation; soil erosion; soils; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using multiple-variable indicator kriging for evaluating soil quality AN - 50339630; 1993-023627 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Smith, Jeffrey L AU - Halvorson, Jonathan J AU - Papendick, Robert I Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 743 EP - 749 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - theoretical studies KW - spatial variations KW - statistical analysis KW - kriging KW - mapping KW - geostatistics KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50339630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Using+multiple-variable+indicator+kriging+for+evaluating+soil+quality&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BHalvorson%2C+Jonathan+J%3BPapendick%2C+Robert+I&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geostatistics; kriging; land use; mapping; soils; spatial variations; statistical analysis; theoretical studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naturally weathered plagioclase grains from the Idaho Batholith; observations using scanning electron microscopy AN - 50339272; 1993-023634 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Inskeep, William P AU - Clayton, James L AU - Mogk, David W Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 851 EP - 860 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - Cryumbrepts KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - central Idaho KW - Cryorthents KW - laboratory studies KW - Valley County Idaho KW - Entisols KW - framework silicates KW - Silver Creek experimental watershed KW - soils KW - Idaho KW - chemical weathering KW - plagioclase KW - pedogenesis KW - experimental studies KW - secondary minerals KW - micromorphology KW - kaolinite KW - weathering KW - clay minerals KW - Idaho Batholith KW - EDAX data KW - X-ray data KW - Inceptisols KW - sheet silicates KW - feldspar group KW - SEM data KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50339272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Naturally+weathered+plagioclase+grains+from+the+Idaho+Batholith%3B+observations+using+scanning+electron+microscopy&rft.au=Inskeep%2C+William+P%3BClayton%2C+James+L%3BMogk%2C+David+W&rft.aulast=Inskeep&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 5 plates, 2 tables, illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Montana Agricultural Experiment Station Contrib. No. J-2823 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - central Idaho; chemical weathering; clay minerals; Cryorthents; Cryumbrepts; EDAX data; Entisols; experimental studies; feldspar group; framework silicates; Idaho; Idaho Batholith; Inceptisols; kaolinite; laboratory studies; micromorphology; pedogenesis; plagioclase; secondary minerals; SEM data; sheet silicates; silicates; Silver Creek experimental watershed; soils; United States; Valley County Idaho; weathering; X-ray data; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple baluns in parallel probes for time domain reflectometry AN - 50335395; 1993-023617 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Spaans, Egbert J A AU - Baker, John M Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 668 EP - 673 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - baluns KW - electrical conductivity KW - moisture KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - time domain analysis KW - applications KW - time domain reflectometry KW - instruments KW - impedance KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50335395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Simple+baluns+in+parallel+probes+for+time+domain+reflectometry&rft.au=Spaans%2C+Egbert+J+A%3BBaker%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Spaans&rft.aufirst=Egbert+J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; baluns; electrical conductivity; electrical methods; geophysical methods; impedance; instruments; moisture; time domain analysis; time domain reflectometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nature of the illitic phase associated with randomly interstratified smectite/illite in soils AN - 50317933; 1993-038804 AB - A dispersion-centrifugation-decantation procedure was used to isolate various particle size fractions from a sample of clay (<2 mu m fraction) separated by sedimentation from the Ap horizon of a Webster soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll). The 0.02-0.06 mu m size fraction was found to be enriched in an illitic phase associated with randomly interstratified smectite/illite. X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed that most of the illitic material in the 0.02-0.06 mu m size fraction was composed of two-layer elementary illite particles with a layer charge of -0.47 per formula unit. The results demonstrate that this low-charge illitic phase can be physically separated from soil materials and that the low-charge illitic phase has chemical, morphological, and mineralogical properties that are uniquely different from those of smectite and illite. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Laird, D A AU - Nater, E A Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 280 EP - 287 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - United States KW - soils KW - silicates KW - Minnesota KW - Waseca County Minnesota KW - clay mineralogy KW - smectite KW - illite KW - TEM data KW - clay minerals KW - mineral composition KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - particles KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50317933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Nature+of+the+illitic+phase+associated+with+randomly+interstratified+smectite%2Fillite+in+soils&rft.au=Laird%2C+D+A%3BNater%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clay mineralogy; clay minerals; illite; mineral composition; Minnesota; mixed-layer minerals; particles; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; TEM data; United States; Waseca County Minnesota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size of mica domains and distribution of the adsorbed Na-Ca ions AN - 50315641; 1993-038817 AB - Mica domains have received less attention in the literature than smectite quasi-crystals. This study was conducted to determine whether mica crystals form domains in suspension, the conditions in which those domains exist, and the distribution of adsorbed Na and Ca ions in the domains. Particle size distributions and electrophoretic mobilities (EM) of Silver Hill illite in suspension densities of 0.5 g liter (super -1) were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Solutions at salt concentration from 2 to 10 mmol (sub c) liter (super -1) , sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from 0 to infinity (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) , and pH values 5, 7, and 9 were used to prepare the clay suspensions. The particle size of Silver Hill illite suspensions showed a bimodal distribution. Through PCS measurements at low angles, the second peak of the bimodal distribution of the illite was found to be associated with the rotational movement of the b-dimension of the particles. Illite domains broke down in the range of SAR 10 to 15 (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) equivalent to exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) of 13 to 18. Illite thus demonstrates a similar stability to smectites that require ESP nearly equal 15 to disaggregate quasi-crystals. The EM of the illite particles increased drastically when the SAR increased from 2 to 10 (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) . This increase in EM could not be explained exclusively by the change in the particle size. Cation demixing is required to explain the increase of the zeta potential at the shear plane. The EM of the Silver Hill illite was doubled when the pH increased from 5 to 9 at SAR > 15, but no pH effect was found when SAR 15 can be understood if we consider that at SAR > 15 most of the particles are single platelets. The relative importance of variable charge on single platelets or crystals is apparently greater than on domains because the pH affected the mobility of the individual crystals but not the mobility of the domains. The combination of particle size distribution and EM data gives additional information about the zero point of charge of the variable charge, also called point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) of the clay. For Silver Hill illite, we estimate a PZNPC value between 5 and 7. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Lebron, I AU - Suarez, D L AU - Amrhein, C AU - Strong, J E Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 380 EP - 388 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - silicates KW - calcium KW - alkaline earth metals KW - cation exchange capacity KW - domains KW - clay mineralogy KW - alkali metals KW - illite KW - adsorption KW - sodium KW - mica group KW - metals KW - chemical properties KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50315641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Size+of+mica+domains+and+distribution+of+the+adsorbed+Na-Ca+ions&rft.au=Lebron%2C+I%3BSuarez%2C+D+L%3BAmrhein%2C+C%3BStrong%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Lebron&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; calcium; cation exchange capacity; chemical properties; clay mineralogy; domains; illite; ion exchange; metals; mica group; sheet silicates; silicates; sodium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation Partnerships for Coldwater Fisheries Habitat AN - 19153518; 9307988 AB - The Forest Service (FS) of the US Department of Agriculture and Trout Unlimited (TU) implemented a national partnership in 1987 to enhance the conservation and management of cold-water fisheries and their ecosystems. Professional fisheries scientists and conservation volunteers work together across the United States to manage, enhance, and monitor a world-class fisheries resource. Fisheries resources on National Forest System lands include habitats on some 161,000 km of waterways, 890,000 ha of lakes and 26,500 km of coastline, amount to 50% of all the trout and salmon habitat in the US. This unique national partnership spans some 475 TU chapters involving 70,000 volunteers working on 125 National Forests and 682 Ranger Districts providing a formidable work force for conservation activities. Since the FS-TU agreement took place, local and regional supplemental agreements have been implemented in 22 states covering 22 TU councils (274 chapters) and 99 National Forests (483 Ranger Districts). TU has become an effective partner and a prime supporter in getting management and budgetary reform built into the FS 'Rise to the Future' national fisheries program. The FS and TU have effectively bridged the gap between former outside partners, and are now working partners or shareholders for the benefit of cold-water fisheries resource management. TU has become more technically aware and educated in fisheries management, and the FS has benefitted from more public involvement and concern in fisheries management, and the FS has benefitted from more public involvement and concern for the resource. Involved partnerships have helped foster better stewardship for management of cold-water fisheries resources across the nation in National Forest waters. (See also W9307981) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of the North American Benthological Society JNASEC, Vol. 12, No. 2, p 206-210, June 1993. AU - Duff, DA AD - USDA Forest Service, 125 South State Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84138 Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - Jun 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Aquatic habitats KW - *Conservation KW - *Conservation organizations KW - *Environmental protection KW - *Forest Service KW - *Interagency cooperation KW - *Stream fisheries KW - *Trout Unlimited KW - Coastal waters KW - Fish management KW - Lakes KW - National forests KW - Salmon KW - Streams KW - Trout KW - Water resources management KW - Wildlife management KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19153518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conservation+Partnerships+for+Coldwater+Fisheries+Habitat&rft.au=Duff%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Duff&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Tn4560 to generate nikkomycin non-producing mutants of Streptomyces tendae. AN - 75870566; 8393414 AB - Transposon Tn4560 was used to generate three nikkomycin non-producing mutants in Streptomyces tendae ATCC 31160. Southern hybridization confirmed that Tn4560 was present in 10-12-kb BamHI fragments of the chromosomes of the mutants. Biologically active nikkomycins were not detected in culture broths of the mutants as determined by bioassays and HPLC. Differences in the HPLC profiles of culture broths suggest that Tn4560 inserted into different genes in the mutants. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Engel, P AU - Wright, M S AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124. Y1 - 1993/05/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 15 SP - 257 EP - 261 VL - 109 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Aminoglycosides KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - nikkomycin KW - 9Z22C3QQCJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Streptomyces -- metabolism KW - Streptomyces -- genetics KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75870566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Use+of+Tn4560+to+generate+nikkomycin+non-producing+mutants+of+Streptomyces+tendae.&rft.au=Engel%2C+P%3BWright%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-05-15&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved thin-layer chromatographic detection of diethylstilbestrol and zeranol in plasma and tissues isolated with alumina and ion-exchange membrane columns in tandem. AN - 75816044; 8314945 AB - Clean-up procedures for the isolation of zeranol and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were modified to reduce the analysis time and to increase the efficiency of purification. Several dyes (Fast Blue BB, Fast Corinth V, Fast Blue RR, Fast Blue B, Fast Red Violet B and Fast Violet B) were evaluated, and their minimum detectabilities were determined. Conditions for non-instrumental, semi-quantitative thin-layer chromatography were optimized. Zeranol and DES in plasma and tissues were determined using modified procedures. Enzyme digestion brought about significant improvement in detectabilities of zeranol and DES in both fortified and incurred plasma, serum and tissues. Minimum detectabilities for zeranol and DES were 25 ppb in fortified plasma and tissues. The amount of incurred zeranol measured in the serum of an experimental cow was increased four times, i.e. from 50 to 200 ppb, after protease digestion. Glucuronidase digestion showed an eight-fold increase in detection of incurred zeranol levels in bovine liver eight times. These results suggest that digestion releases zeranol and DES from protein and glucuronide complexes, thereby allowing detection of low levels of zeranol and DES which may not be detectable without digestion. Further modification of the purification with an ion-exchange membrane reduced the analysis time by 25%, and the membranes were regenerated up to ten times without loss of activity, allowing an automated process. This method utilizes inexpensive equipment and avoids use of organic solvent, in this case diethyl ether. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Medina, M B AU - Nagdy, N AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, PA 19118. Y1 - 1993/05/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 05 SP - 315 EP - 323 VL - 614 IS - 2 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Diazonium Compounds KW - Ion Exchange Resins KW - Fast Blue BB KW - 15518-68-0 KW - fast corinth V salt KW - 47300-91-4 KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Zeranol KW - 76LO2L2V39 KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Glucuronidase -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Hot Temperature KW - Cattle KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Zeranol -- blood KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- analysis KW - Zeranol -- analysis KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75816044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=Improved+thin-layer+chromatographic+detection+of+diethylstilbestrol+and+zeranol+in+plasma+and+tissues+isolated+with+alumina+and+ion-exchange+membrane+columns+in+tandem.&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BNagdy%2C+N&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-05&rft.volume=614&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the cytotoxicities of Fusarium metabolites and Alternaria metabolite AAL-toxin to cultured mammalian cell lines. AN - 75801389; 8507101 AB - Four water-soluble Fusarium metabolites (fumonisin B1, fusaric acid, butenolide and moniliformin), water-insoluble pigment (8-O-methylbostrycoidin), and an Alternaria metabolite (AAL-toxin) were tested for relative cytotoxicity to five established mammalian cell lines. Butenolide was the most cytotoxic to all five cell lines. LC50s were; 1 microgram/ml to rat hepatoma (RH) (tumors derived from parenchymal cells), 7 micrograms/ml to baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) fibroblast cells, and 15 micrograms/ml to McCoy mouse (MM) fibroblast cells: LC100s were 1 microgram/ml to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblast cells, and 5 micrograms/ml to dog kidney (MDCK) fibroblast cells. Fusaric acid was cytotoxic to the MDCK, MM, RH, and CHO cell lines; moniliformin was cytotoxic to the RH, CHO, and MDCK, cell lines. The pigment, however, was cytotoxic only to RH and CHO cell lines. Fumonisin B1 and a related toxin, AAL-toxin, at a high dose level (100 micrograms/ml) were not cytotoxic to the RH, BHK, MM, CHO and MDCK cell lines. T-2 toxin was used as a positive control, and inhibited all cell lines at the nanogram level. The difference in response of these five cell lines to the toxic metabolites, that were noted in this study, was then used to evaluate nine HPLC fractions obtained from a methanol-water extract of an F. moniliforme culture. The results indicated that this type of cytotoxicity assay may be useful in following the isolation of metabolites from extracts of Fusarium culture, especially F. moniliforme. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Vesonder, R F AU - Gasdorf, H AU - Peterson, R E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 473 EP - 477 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Alternaria alternata pathotoxin TA KW - 0 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Furans KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - butenolide KW - 8KXK25H388 KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - 4-Butyrolactone KW - OL659KIY4X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Fusaric Acid -- toxicity KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Furans -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - 4-Butyrolactone -- analogs & derivatives KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Alternaria -- pathogenicity KW - Alternaria -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75801389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+cytotoxicities+of+Fusarium+metabolites+and+Alternaria+metabolite+AAL-toxin+to+cultured+mammalian+cell+lines.&rft.au=Vesonder%2C+R+F%3BGasdorf%2C+H%3BPeterson%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Vesonder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and cholesterol oxidation by Mycobacterium species in Tween 80 medium. AN - 75797967; 8517738 AB - Mycobacterium strain DP was isolated from marine coastal sediment and tested for its ability to oxidize cholesterol in Tween 80-cholesterol (2.59 mM) medium. Strain DP degraded cholesterol to 4-cholesten-3-one (cholestenone), 4-androsten-3,17-dione (AD), 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (ADD), testosterone, and 1-dehydrotestosterone (DHT). Cholesterol disappeared in about 4 days. Cholestenone, AD, testosterone, and DHT accumulations were transient with peak concentrations of 300, 600, 30 to 40, and 21 microM. ADD production peaked after 6 days with a concentration of 1,100 microM. Peak ADD concentrations and production rates compared well with those reported for strain NRRL B3683 on cyclodextrin medium. Tween 80 medium was superior to finely dispersed cholesterol particles for both strains. In comparison, NRRL B3683 (patented for its ability to accumulate AD and ADD) on Tween 80 medium transiently accumulated more AD (approximately 1,000 microM) than did strain DP, but ADD accumulations (200 microM) were significantly lower than those for strain DP. Strain DP could be adapted to grow on ADD, which was initially inhibitory at 3.25 mM. ADD-adapted strain DP cultures produced approximately four times as much DHT from ADD than unadapted cultures did from cholesterol, showing that additional manipulation might enhance testosterone production. We believe that ADD toxicity might account for the low ADD accumulations by NRRL B3683 in Tween 80 medium. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Smith, M AU - Zahnley, J AU - Pfeifer, D AU - Goff, D AD - Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 1425 EP - 1429 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Androstadienes KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Polysorbates KW - 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione KW - 2166Q8568W KW - Androstenedione KW - 409J2J96VR KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Cholesterol Oxidase KW - EC 1.1.3.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Androstadienes -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Temperature KW - Cholesterol Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Androstenedione -- metabolism KW - Androstadienes -- toxicity KW - Mycobacterium -- growth & development KW - Mycobacterium -- drug effects KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75797967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+cholesterol+oxidation+by+Mycobacterium+species+in+Tween+80+medium.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M%3BZahnley%2C+J%3BPfeifer%2C+D%3BGoff%2C+D&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Am Chem Soc. 1967 Apr 12;89(8):1956-7 [6040527] Appl Microbiol. 1972 Jan;23(1):72-7 [5059623] Microbios. 1975;12(50):199-207 [240103] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1992 Feb;36(5):598-603 [1368063] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Aug 29;753(1):60-4 [6882787] J Lipid Res. 1983 Nov;24(11):1500-11 [6655367] J Steroid Biochem. 1976 Sep;7(9):705-13 [790024] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Milk production in Brahman and Angus cows on endophyte-infected fescue and common bermudagrass. AN - 75771773; 8505242 AB - Daily milk yield and milk fat were estimated by method of milking machine in 60 Angus and 60 Brahman cows grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected fescue during a 3-yr period. Averaged over monthly estimates, there was evidence (P .15). There were significant dam breed effects on both percentage of milk fat and daily milk fat yield; Brahman exceeded Angus by .68% (P < .01) and 34.3 g/d (P < .01), respectively. There were significant forage effects for both percentage of milk fat and daily milk fat yield; common bermudagrass exceeded tall fescue by .5% (P < .01) and 62.3 g/d (P < .01), respectively. These data indicate that incorporation of Brahman germplasm into a grazing system that uses endophyte-infected fescue may be beneficial in daily milk yield but will probably not prevent decreases in milk fat production associated with grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Tharel, L M AU - Brown, A H AU - Jackson, W G AU - Miesner, J R AD - South Central Family Farm Research Center, ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 1117 EP - 1122 VL - 71 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Lipids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Breeding KW - Seasons KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Lipids -- analysis KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Animal Feed -- adverse effects KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Lactation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75771773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Milk+production+in+Brahman+and+Angus+cows+on+endophyte-infected+fescue+and+common+bermudagrass.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BTharel%2C+L+M%3BBrown%2C+A+H%3BJackson%2C+W+G%3BMiesner%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - English yew poisoning in 43 cattle. AN - 75744566; 8098701 AB - Thirty-five privately owned 1- to 2-year-old mixed-breed steers and heifers, weighing 340 to 454 kg, died from accidental ingestion of English yew (Taxus baccata). Estimated dosages ranged from 0.36 to 0.70 g of fresh plant/kg of body weight. Clinical signs of poisoning and death began 2 to 3 hours after first exposure, and cattle continued to have clinical signs, which ended in death 6 to 8 hours later. Most cattle had died by 4 hours after first ingestion. Necropsy of 4 cattle revealed substantial amounts of English yew leaves and small stems in the rumen contents. Grossly, there were areas of hyperemia in the abomasum and small intestine. Histologically, lesions were limited to the lungs and included moderate congestion and interlobular edema. Chemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography of suspected yew plant material from the rumen contents of the 4 necropsied cattle was compared to authentic taxol, and confirmed the presence of taxol in rumen samples. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Panter, K E AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Smart, R A AU - Mitchell, L AU - Hansen, S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1993/05/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 01 SP - 1476 EP - 1477 VL - 202 IS - 9 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Gastrointestinal Contents -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Rumen KW - Paclitaxel -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Plant Poisoning -- pathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- pathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75744566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=English+yew+poisoning+in+43+cattle.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BSmart%2C+R+A%3BMitchell%2C+L%3BHansen%2C+S&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of copper status: effect of age and gender on reference ranges in healthy adults. AN - 75718850; 8387409 AB - We measured major indices related to copper nutritional status in 55 men and 86 women between ages 20 and 83 years who were in apparent good health. Plasma copper concentrations and both immunoreactive and enzymatically measured ceruloplasmin were significantly higher in women than in men and were higher in women taking oral contraceptives. Plasma copper, immunoreactive ceruloplasmin, and cytochrome-c oxidase in platelets and mononucleated leukocytes tended to increase with age. The ratio of enzymatic to immunoreactive ceruloplasmin, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, and 67Cu uptake by erythrocytes were not significantly affected by either age or gender. Thus, factors other than copper nutriture--such as age, gender, and hormone use--need to be considered when using many of these indicators to evaluate copper nutritional status. JF - Clinical chemistry AU - Milne, D B AU - Johnson, P E AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 883 EP - 887 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0009-9147, 0009-9147 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Ceruloplasmin KW - EC 1.16.3.1 KW - Electron Transport Complex IV KW - EC 1.9.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Reference Values KW - Ceruloplasmin -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- metabolism KW - Electron Transport Complex IV -- blood KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Blood Platelets -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nutritional Status KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Copper -- blood KW - Aging -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75718850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+copper+status%3A+effect+of+age+and+gender+on+reference+ranges+in+healthy+adults.&rft.au=Milne%2C+D+B%3BJohnson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+chemistry&rft.issn=00099147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Equal mobility on Goodwin Creek AN - 52752105; 1997-021640 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Kuhnle, R A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 158 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 74 IS - 16, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - shear stress KW - grain size KW - sedimentation KW - Mississippi KW - channels KW - rates KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - distribution KW - flows KW - time factor KW - mobility KW - Goodwin Creek KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52752105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Equal+mobility+on+Goodwin+Creek&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+R+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=16%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1993 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; channels; distribution; flows; fluvial sedimentation; Goodwin Creek; grain size; hydrology; Mississippi; mobility; rates; sediment transport; sedimentation; shear stress; stream transport; time factor; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in particle size between bedload and bed material in natural gravel-bed channels AN - 52751138; 1997-021642 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Lisle, T E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 158 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 74 IS - 16, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - scour KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - channels KW - gravel KW - distribution KW - gravel-bed streams KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - streams KW - discharge KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52751138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Differences+in+particle+size+between+bedload+and+bed+material+in+natural+gravel-bed+channels&rft.au=Lisle%2C+T+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=16%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1993 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; channels; clastic sediments; discharge; distribution; erosion; grain size; gravel; gravel-bed streams; hydrology; scour; sediment transport; sediments; stream transport; streams; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluvial transport of sand and gravel mixtures with bimodal size distributions AN - 50335482; 1993-027072 AB - Initiation of motion and fractional transport rates of sediments with bimodal size distributions were measured in a laboratory channel and in a natural channel. Transport experiments were conducted with unimodal 100% sand and 100% gravel bed sediments and three bimodal mixtures of the two sediments: 10% gravel-90% sand, 25% gravel-75% sand, and 45% gravel-55% sand. In the bimodal sediment beds the critical shear stress for the initiation of motion showed very little change with grain size for the sand sizes, but increased with grain size for the gravel sizes. For low flow strengths, only the sand sizes were in transport, while for the highest flow strengths the bed load sediment size distribution approached that of the bed material. JF - Sedimentary Geology AU - Kuhnle, Roger A A2 - Fielding, Christopher R. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 17 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 85 IS - 1-4 SN - 0037-0738, 0037-0738 KW - sand KW - size distribution KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - statistical analysis KW - sediments KW - sedimentation KW - channels KW - gravel KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50335482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sedimentary+Geology&rft.atitle=Fluvial+transport+of+sand+and+gravel+mixtures+with+bimodal+size+distributions&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+Roger+A&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sedimentary+Geology&rft.issn=00370738&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00370738 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 5th international conference on Fluvial sedimentology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SEGEBX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; clastic sediments; erosion; fluvial sedimentation; gravel; sand; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; size distribution; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Regulation of Groundwater Quality with Delayed Responses AN - 19161180; 9307777 AB - An important class of natural resource problems exist where the effect of a decision variable on the resource stock is not instantaneous. Problems of this type are common with agricultural practices that result in nonpoint source pollution. In pollution problems such as these, the task of designing corrective policies requires regulation of pollution at some point in time that accounts for the expected future effects of agricultural production practices. Most existing models of pollution control assume that social costs (and benefits) are instantaneously generated from nonpoint source production or consumption activities. A dynamic model was developed of input regulation in the presence of externalities that do not occur simultaneously with input use. The model was formulated to study the regulation of firms that apply fertilizer, where leachate from the application of fertilizer accumulates in groundwater over time. In the model an optimal nitrogen user fee was derived along with the consequences of regulatory design when time lags between nitrogen application and nitrate contamination are present. A multistage control procedure was developed to solve a class of problems such as a time lag in the effect of a control on the stock of a resource, or in pollution regulation models where there are time lags in the nutrient transport process. The solution procedure is similar to multistage multiple control techniques, but uses backward deduction. (Agostine-PTT) JF - Water Resources Research WRERAQ, Vol. 29, No. 5, p 1369-1377, May 1993. 1 fig, 21 ref. AU - Kim, C S AU - Hostetler, J AU - Amacher, G AD - Water Branch, Resources and Technology Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Groundwater protection KW - *Model studies KW - *Nonpoint pollution sources KW - *Regulations KW - *Water pollution control KW - Agricultural practices KW - Decision making KW - Fertilizers KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Leachates KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrient transport KW - Policy making KW - Social aspects KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19161180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Regulation+of+Groundwater+Quality+with+Delayed+Responses&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BHostetler%2C+J%3BAmacher%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum Effects on Calcium (45Ca2+) Translocation in Aluminum-Tolerant and Aluminum-Sensitive Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars (Differential Responses of the Root Apex versus Mature Root Regions). AN - 1859379645; 12231799 AB - The influence of Al exposure on long-distance Ca2+ translocation from specific root zones (root apex or mature root) to the shoot was studied in intact seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Al-tolerant Atlas 66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66). Seedlings were grown in 100 [mu]M CaCl2 solution (pH 4.5) for 3 d. Subsequently, a divided chamber technique using 45Ca2+-labeled solutions (100 [mu]M CaCl2 with or without 5 or 20 [mu]M AlCl3, pH 4.5) was used to study Ca2+ translocation from either the terminal 5 to 10 mm of the root or a 10-mm region of intact root approximately 50 mm behind the root apex. The Al concentrations used, which were toxic to Scout 66, caused a significant inhibition of Ca2+ translocation from the apical region of Scout 66 roots. The same Al exposures had a much smaller effect on root apical Ca2+ translocation in Atlas 66. When a 10-mm region of the mature root was exposed to 45Ca2+, smaller genotypic differences in the Al effects effects on Ca2+ translocation were observed, because the degree of Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ translocation was less than that at the root apex. Exposure of the root apex to Al inhibited root elongation by 70 to 99% in Scout 66 but had a lesser effect (less than 40% inhibition) in Atlas 66. When a mature root region was exposed to Al, root elongation was not significantly affected in either cultivar. These results demonstrate that genotypic differences in Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ translocation and root growth are localized primarily in the root apex. The pattern of Ca2+ translocation within the intact root was mainly basipetal, with most of the absorbed Ca2+ translocated toward the shoot. A small amount of acropetal Ca2+ translocation from the mature root regions to the apex was also observed, which accounted for less than 5% of the total Ca2+ translocation within the entire root. Because Ca2+ translocation toward the root apex is limited, most of the Ca2+ needed for normal cellular function in the apex must be absorbed from the external solution. Thus, continuous Al disruption of Ca2+ absorption into cells of the root apex could alter Ca2+ nutrition and homeostasis in these cells and could play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of Al toxicity in Al-sensitive wheat cultivars. JF - Plant physiology AU - Huang, J. W. AU - Grunes, D. L. AU - Kochian, L. V. AD - Department of Soil, Crop, and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University (J.W.H.), and United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.L.G., L.V.K.). Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 85 EP - 93 VL - 102 IS - 1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859379645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Aluminum+Effects+on+Calcium+%2845Ca2%2B%29+Translocation+in+Aluminum-Tolerant+and+Aluminum-Sensitive+Wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum+L.%29+Cultivars+%28Differential+Responses+of+the+Root+Apex+versus+Mature+Root+Regions%29.&rft.au=Huang%2C+J.+W.%3BGrunes%2C+D.+L.%3BKochian%2C+L.+V.&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates on aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. AN - 75704592; 8386839 AB - In three experiments, three different hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) were incorporated into chick diets (.5%) containing either 0 or 5.0 (Experiments 1 and 2) or 0 or 2.5 (Experiment 3) mg/kg aflatoxin (AF). Male broiler chicks consumed their respective diets and water ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. When compared with controls, body weights in chicks receiving 5.0 mg AF/kg were reduced by 214 g in Experiment 1 and 220 g in Experiment 2. The addition of .5% of the HSCAS compounds significantly diminished the growth inhibitory effects caused by AF by 39 to 68% in Experiment 1, by 46 to 88% in Experiment 2, and by 38 to 90% in Experiment 3. The increases in relative organ weights and the decreases in serum biochemical values caused by AF were significantly diminished to differing degrees by all three of the HSCAS compounds. These data demonstrate that these specific HSCAS compounds can be protective against the effects of AF in young growing broilers and further emphasizes the fact that all silicate-type sorbents are not equal in their ability to protect against aflatoxicosis. It also seems possible to specially process compounds to increase their efficacy for protection against the toxicity of AF. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Phillips, T D AU - Clement, B A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 651 EP - 657 VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Animal Feed KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Aluminum Silicates -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75704592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hydrated+sodium+calcium+aluminosilicates+on+aflatoxicosis+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BClement%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flatpea intoxication in sheep and indications of ruminal adaptation. AN - 75678350; 8470353 AB - This paper describes the signs of toxicity when seed-bearing flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L) hay is fed to sheep. Signs of intoxication (including seizure, muscular trembling and spasmotic torticollis) are similar to those observed for ammonia toxicity in ruminants. Accumulation of ammonia may be a direct consequence of flatpea ingestion, given that 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA, a toxic constituent of flatpea) is known to inhibit hepatic urea synthesis. However, other modes of toxicity for DABA as well as other flatpea toxins may also contribute to this process of intoxication. Our evidence suggests that ruminal microbes are responsible for flatpea detoxification and host animal protection. The adaptation of sheep to flatpea may be a consequence of enhanced ruminal detoxification activity. Ruminal protective functions can be disrupted, however, through abrupt monensin feeding or the replacement of nonadapted for adapted rumen contents. This disruption temporarily suppresses mechanisms of ruminal detoxification. As a consequence sheep can again be made vulnerable to flatpea intoxication. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Rasmussen, M A AU - Allison, M J AU - Foster, J G AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa 50010. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 123 EP - 127 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Monensin KW - 906O0YJ6ZP KW - Index Medicus KW - Sheep Diseases -- blood KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Monensin -- toxicity KW - Plant Poisoning -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology KW - Adaptation, Biological KW - Fabaceae -- toxicity KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Sheep KW - Plants, Medicinal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75678350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Flatpea+intoxication+in+sheep+and+indications+of+ruminal+adaptation.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+M+A%3BAllison%2C+M+J%3BFoster%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of erosion using the radionuclide caesium-137 in three diverse, environmentally sensitive areas in eastern Australia AN - 50320635; 1993-028867 JF - Applied Geography (Sevenoaks) AU - Loughran, R J AU - Elliott, G L AU - Campbell, B L AU - Curtis, S J AU - Cummings, D AU - Shelly, D J Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 169 EP - 188 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, Sevenoaks VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0143-6229, 0143-6229 KW - soils KW - Australasia KW - isotopes KW - erosion KW - alkali metals KW - New South Wales Australia KW - erosion rates KW - Victoria Australia KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Cs-137 KW - cesium KW - metals KW - Australia KW - soil erosion KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50320635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geography+%28Sevenoaks%29&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+erosion+using+the+radionuclide+caesium-137+in+three+diverse%2C+environmentally+sensitive+areas+in+eastern+Australia&rft.au=Loughran%2C+R+J%3BElliott%2C+G+L%3BCampbell%2C+B+L%3BCurtis%2C+S+J%3BCummings%2C+D%3BShelly%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Loughran&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geography+%28Sevenoaks%29&rft.issn=01436229&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01436228 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; Australasia; Australia; cesium; Cs-137; erosion; erosion rates; isotopes; metals; New South Wales Australia; radioactive isotopes; soil erosion; soils; Victoria Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucose and zinc concentration influence fusarin C synthesis, ethanol synthesis and lipid composition in Fusarium moniliforme submerged cultures. AN - 75680039; 8472926 AB - A fusarin C-producing Fusarium moniliforme strain was grown in submerged culture with defined media containing differing amounts of glucose (30 g/l or 90 g/l) and zinc (5 ppb or 3200 ppb). The influence of zinc on fusarin C synthesis and lipid composition was dependent on the initial glucose concentration. In cultures supplied with 30 g/l glucose, zinc inhibited fusarin C and lipid synthesis by diverting common substrates to ethanol synthesis. Zinc-supplemented cultures with 90 g/l glucose had ample carbon substrate to produce both ethanol and fusarin C. More total lipid with a higher unsaturated fatty acid content (more oleic acid and less stearic acid) was found in F. moniliforme biomass produced in zinc-deficient media. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Jackson, M A AU - Lanser, A C AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1993/03/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Mar 15 SP - 69 EP - 73 VL - 108 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Polyenes KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - fusarin C KW - 79748-81-5 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Zinc -- pharmacology KW - Glucose -- pharmacology KW - Lipids -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- drug effects KW - Polyenes -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- metabolism KW - Lipid Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75680039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Glucose+and+zinc+concentration+influence+fusarin+C+synthesis%2C+ethanol+synthesis+and+lipid+composition+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+submerged+cultures.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+M+A%3BLanser%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-03-15&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Evaluation of 3 therapeutic schedules with N-methyl-glucamine antimonate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Para, Brazil]. TT - Avaliação de três esquemas terapêuticos com o antimoniato de N-metil-glucamina no tratamento da leishmaniose visceral no estado do Pará, Brasil. AN - 76153825; 8284603 AB - We have evaluated, in a retrospective manner, three chemotherapeutic schemes with meglumine antomoniate (Glucantime) use in the treatment of 43 autochthonous cases of visceral leishmaniasis in children in the age-group of 1-12 years old, during the period 1985-1990. Of the 43 cases, 28 (group A) were treated with 40mg/SbV/kg given IV at intervals of 48 hours, in courses of 15 applications (scheme I); 8 (group B) were treated with 40 mg/SbV/kg given IV daily during 15 days (scheme II), and 7 (group C) were treated with 20 mg/SbV/kg given IV daily during 15 days (scheme III). With the criteria for cure based essentially on clinical examination, we admitted that the scheme III would be the preferred for these reasons: a) it produces the same cure-rate as those schemes which use double this dosage, b) in relation to positive results it is less expensive, c) the scheme can be used for more extended periods, with less risk of toxic effects, and d) there has till now been no evidence of the development of resistance to treatment using this scheme, at least in our particular area of study (Pará). JF - Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo AU - Silveira, F T AU - Pingarilho, D A AU - Duarte, R R AU - Gabriel, M do D AU - Dias, M G AU - Moura, M P AU - Braga, M E AU - Prestes, E X AU - Maués, B C AD - Médico do Serviço de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (FNS), Belém, Pará, Brasil. PY - 1993 SP - 177 EP - 181 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0036-4665, 0036-4665 KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - 0 KW - Meglumine KW - 6HG8UB2MUY KW - meglumine antimoniate KW - 75G4TW236W KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Brazil KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Time Factors KW - Child, Preschool KW - Meglumine -- therapeutic use KW - Organometallic Compounds -- therapeutic use KW - Leishmaniasis, Visceral -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76153825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.atitle=%5BEvaluation+of+3+therapeutic+schedules+with+N-methyl-glucamine+antimonate+in+the+treatment+of+visceral+leishmaniasis+in+the+state+of+Para%2C+Brazil%5D.&rft.au=Silveira%2C+F+T%3BPingarilho%2C+D+A%3BDuarte%2C+R+R%3BGabriel%2C+M+do+D%3BDias%2C+M+G%3BMoura%2C+M+P%3BBraga%2C+M+E%3BPrestes%2C+E+X%3BMau%C3%A9s%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Silveira&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.issn=00364665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Portuguese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1993 Nov-Dec;35(6):589 [7997767] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological activities of fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme, in jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) and mammalian cell cultures. AN - 75668456; 8470138 AB - Fumonisins A1, A2, B1, B2 and B3 are a series of mycotoxins produced by strains of Fusarium moniliforme. Fumonisins are hydroxylated long-chain alkylamines esterified with propanetricarboxylic acid moieties that represent approximately half the mol. wt of the toxins. The A-series fumonisins are N-acetylated, whereas the B series contains free amino groups. Hydrolytic removal of the propanetricarboxylic acid moieties from fumonisins B1 and B2 yields the corresponding aminopentols, AP1 and AP2, respectively. These compounds were tested for toxicity on widely differing bioassay systems, representing plant and animal systems. The plant bioassay system employed jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) leaves and leaf discs in which toxicity was detected as electrolyte leakage, photobleaching and quantitation of chlorophyll reduction. The animal bioassay system employed cultured mammalian cell lines in which toxicity was detected as inhibition of cell proliferation. Fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 at 50 micrograms/ml or less were effective toxins after exposure periods greater than 24 hr in all plant and animal bioassay systems examined, except 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, whereas fumonisins A1 and A2 exhibited little or no activity. However, the hydrolytic degradation products AP1 and AP2 exhibited toxicity similar to or greater than B-series fumonisins in all test systems, including substantial toxicity to 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Gelderblom, W C AU - Cawood, M E AU - Shier, W T AD - Southern Weed Science Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 345 EP - 353 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Electrolytes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice KW - Hydrolysis KW - Electrolytes -- metabolism KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Datura stramonium -- physiology KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75668456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Biological+activities+of+fumonisins%2C+mycotoxins+from+Fusarium+moniliforme%2C+in+jimsonweed+%28Datura+stramonium+L.%29+and+mammalian+cell+cultures.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BGelderblom%2C+W+C%3BCawood%2C+M+E%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from poisonous plants and their mechanism of action in animals. AN - 75636917; 8457928 AB - Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from Lupinus, Conium, and Nicotiana genera have been identified as causes of birth defects in livestock induced by poisonous plants. Many defects now known to be related to poisonous plant ingestion were once thought to have a genetic origin. This supposition delayed diagnosis, reporting, and understanding of such birth defects, because breeders and producers feared the news would make it difficult to sell breeding stock. Defects caused by quinolizidine and piperidine teratogens include cleft palate and contracture-type skeletal defects such as arthrogryposis, scoliosis, torticollis, and kyphosis. Teratogens have been identified, differences in susceptibility to teratogenic compounds among livestock species have been elucidated, periods of gestation when specific types of birth defects occur have been determined, and information about mechanism of action has been developed. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Panter, K E AU - Keeler, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 33 EP - 40 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- veterinary KW - Tobacco KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- complications KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Piperidines -- poisoning KW - Animals, Domestic -- abnormalities KW - Alkaloids -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75636917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Quinolizidine+and+piperidine+alkaloid+teratogens+from+poisonous+plants+and+their+mechanism+of+action+in+animals.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotransmitters in rats fed fumonisin B1. AN - 75613652; 7679795 AB - Fumonisin B1, a toxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, has been associated with a neurotoxic syndrome in horses known as equine leukoencephlomalacia. Previous investigations showed that F. moniliforme cultured on corn and incorporated into rat chow increased brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and 5HIAA: serotonin (5HT) ratios in these animals. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether fumonisin B1 would produce related neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of male and female rats. Rats were fed fumonisin B1 at 15, 50, and 150 ppm for 4 weeks. No differences occurred in brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxytyramine, homovanillic acid, 5HT, 5HIAA, and the 5HIAA to 5HT ratios in either male or female rats, nor where there differences between the sexes. When compared across sexes, the norepinephrine to dopamine ratios were decreased (P < 0.05) in the 150-ppm-treated animals. This may suggest a fumonisin B1-induced imbalance in brain norepinephrine and/or dopamine. No differences were observed in pineal norepinephrine, 5HT, 5HIAA, and the 5HIAA to 5HT ratios. Since fumonisin B1 failed to duplicate the effects of the F. moniliforme-induced imbalances in 5HT and 5HIAA metabolism in the brains of rats, other mycotoxins from F. moniliforme may be responsible for these effects. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Porter, J K AU - Voss, K A AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R. B. Russell Agriculture Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 360 EP - 364 VL - 202 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - 3-methoxytyramine KW - JCH2767EDP KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Dopamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Animals KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Norepinephrine -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Pineal Gland -- metabolism KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- anatomy & histology KW - Pineal Gland -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75613652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Neurotransmitters+in+rats+fed+fumonisin+B1.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisins--mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. AN - 75612409; 8450559 AB - Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, which is a common contaminant of corn everywhere in the world. The fumonisins are carcinogenic in laboratory rats, and cause acute toxicity of domestic animals that mimics field cases of disease attributed to contamination of feed by F. moniliforme. These include both equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fusarium moniliforme contamination of corn consumed by humans in certain areas of the world is associated with higher than average incidence of esophageal cancer, and fumonisins may be responsible. Analytical methods have been developed for fumonisins, but improvements are needed so that more accurate, less expensive, and more rapid assays of food and feedstuffs can be done. Fumonisins are structurally similar to sphingosine, and may exert their biological activity through their ability to block key enzymes (sphinganine- and sphingosine-N-acyltransferases) involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis. Much more research is needed to define the extent to which this mycotoxin adversely affects the food supply, and its involvement in animal and human diseases. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 309 EP - 328 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Pulmonary Edema -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- veterinary KW - Humans KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Horses KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Pulmonary Edema -- chemically induced KW - Swine Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Encephalomalacia -- veterinary KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75612409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Fumonisins--mycotoxins+produced+by+Fusarium+moniliforme.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local Adoption of New Forestry Technologies: An Example from Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province AN - 61632305; 199300062 AB - Household economics & an example from Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province are used to explore the characteristics influencing household & community adoption of new forestry technologies. Household attitudes toward risk & household expectations of the uncertain gains from adoption are critical. Adopting households probably have higher incomes & greater endowments of land, labor, & capital. Good extension foresters are also important, but personal character is possibly more important than technical expertise. 4 Tables, 1 Appendix, 8 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - World Development AU - Amacher, Gregory S AU - Hyde, William F AU - Rafiq, Mohammed AD - Economic Research Service, Washington DC Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 445 EP - 453 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0305-750X, 0305-750X KW - new forestry technologies, household/community adoption KW - illustrative example KW - Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province KW - Pakistan KW - Households KW - Technology KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 8310: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61632305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Development&rft.atitle=Local+Adoption+of+New+Forestry+Technologies%3A+An+Example+from+Pakistan%27s+Northwest+Frontier+Province&rft.au=Amacher%2C+Gregory+S%3BHyde%2C+William+F%3BRafiq%2C+Mohammed&rft.aulast=Amacher&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Development&rft.issn=0305750X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pakistan; Forestry; Technology; Households ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near-surface air temperature as substitute for skin temperature in regional surface flux estimation AN - 50367106; 1993-005384 AB - Wind velocity and temperature profiles measured by radiosondes were used in combination with near-surface air temperatures, in order to derive surface fluxes of sensible heat H and of momentum u*. The role of the near-surface air temperature was to stabilize the otherwise noisy radiosonde profiles. The computational procedure was developed from standard Monin-Obukhov flux-profile relationships for the atmospheric surface layer. The measurements were made in the context of the International Alpine Experiment ALPEX at the Rietholzbach catchment in a region of complex rugged terrain of the Swiss Fore-Alps. The positive correlation (r = 0.7) between the profile derived values of H and those obtained at a central station of the catchment, supports the existence of a surface layer even above this very rough terrain. The values of latent heat flux (evaporation) obtained from these H values by means of the energy budget agreed well (r = 0.94) with lysimeter measurements at the central station. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Qualls, Russell J AU - Brutsaert, Wilfried AU - Kustas, William P Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 381 EP - 393 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 143 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - soils KW - heat flux KW - Alps KW - atmosphere KW - Europe KW - Switzerland KW - air-soils interface KW - temperature KW - theoretical studies KW - Swiss Alps KW - evaporation KW - Central Europe KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50367106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Near-surface+air+temperature+as+substitute+for+skin+temperature+in+regional+surface+flux+estimation&rft.au=Qualls%2C+Russell+J%3BBrutsaert%2C+Wilfried%3BKustas%2C+William+P&rft.aulast=Qualls&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air-soils interface; Alps; atmosphere; Central Europe; Europe; evaporation; field studies; heat flux; soils; Swiss Alps; Switzerland; temperature; theoretical studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas, water and solute transport in soils containing macropores; a review of methodology AN - 50365299; 1993-010827 AB - The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil bodies, interacting with weather, management practices, and chemical and biological processes, influence the movement of gas, water, and solutes in cropland ecosystems. The activities of soil biota, especially through their effects on soil porosity, impact on these properties and processes. This paper reviews methods for measuring flow into and through the soil, with emphasis on the techniques being developed to assess the importance of biological activity on the flow characteristics of soils. The discussion of methods used to characterize gas, water, and solute transport in soils addresses conditions under which their use may or may not be appropriate and the need for further methodology development. JF - Geoderma AU - Edwards, W M AU - Shipitalo, M J AU - Owens, L B A2 - Brussaard, L. A2 - Kooistra, M. J. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 31 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - water KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - chemical dispersion KW - physicochemical properties KW - movement KW - water regimes KW - ecosystems KW - porosity KW - biota KW - gases KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50365299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Gas%2C+water+and+solute+transport+in+soils+containing+macropores%3B+a+review+of+methodology&rft.au=Edwards%2C+W+M%3BShipitalo%2C+M+J%3BOwens%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International workshop on Methods of research on soil structure/soil biota interrelationships N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 97 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biota; chemical dispersion; ecosystems; experimental studies; gases; movement; physicochemical properties; porosity; soils; water; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salinity and citriculture. AN - 1859453110; 14969929 AB - Soil salinity significantly limits citrus production in many areas worldwide. Although data on fruit yields in response to salinity are limited, they indicate that grapefruit, lemons, and oranges are among the most sensitive of all agricultural crops. Fruit yields decrease about 13% for each 1.0 dS m(-1) increase in electrical conductivity of the saturated-soil extract (EC(e)) once soil salinity exceeds a threshold EC(e) of 1.4 dS m(-1). Accumulation of excess Cl(-) and Na(+) can cause specific ion toxicities, but this problem can be minimized by selecting rootstocks that restrict the uptake of these ions. During the past two decades, numerous papers describing the agronomic and physiological responses of citrus to salinity have been published. This paper reviews these research reports and discusses differences in the response of citrus species to salt stress, the role of different rootstocks, the causes of salt injury, and the interactions of other environmental conditions or stresses with salinity. JF - Tree physiology AU - Maas, E V AD - U. S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, CA 92501, USA. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 195 EP - 216 VL - 12 IS - 2 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859453110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+physiology&rft.atitle=Salinity+and+citriculture.&rft.au=Maas%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Maas&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+physiology&rft.issn=1758-4469&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens by culturing pools of egg contents. AN - 75620118; 8441730 AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine whether Salmonella enteritidis could be detected efficiently in pooled samples of the contents of eggs laid by experimentally infected hens. In Experiment 1, groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with either 10(4) or 10(6) S. enteritidis cells. In Experiment 2, one-third of the hens in each group were orally inoculated with 10(6) S. enteritidis cells. At 2 wk postinoculation, culturing egg pools yielded positive results at frequencies similar to those obtained by culturing fecal samples, culturing internal organs, or testing for specific serum antibodies. Culturing fecal samples detected a higher percentage of exposed hens than egg pool culturing at 1 and 3 wk, and serum antibody tests were superior at 3 and 4 wk. In Experiment 1, more than 46% of the hens inoculated with 10(6) S. enteritidis cells laid at least one contaminated egg during the 2nd wk postinoculation. In Experiment 2, over 34% of the hens produced at least one contaminated egg during the 2nd wk postinoculation, but very few contaminated egg pools were identified during the 3rd and 4th wk. Bacteriological culturing of pooled egg contents for S. enteritidis, therefore, can apparently provide an effective method for assessing the potential public health threat posed by a flock. JF - Poultry science AU - Gast, R K AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 267 EP - 274 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Female KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75620118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+experimentally+infected+laying+hens+by+culturing+pools+of+egg+contents.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overexpression of a Rhizopus delemar lipase gene in Escherichia coli. AN - 75609671; 8441342 AB - A cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid encoding the precursor polypeptide of an extracellular lipase from the fungus Rhizopus delemar was altered by site-directed mutagenesis to generate deoxyribonucleic acid fragments that specifically code for the polypeptides of the proenzyme and the mature form of the lipase. Attempts to produce these polypeptides in enzymatically active form in Escherichia coli revealed toxic effects toward the host. Therefore the polypeptides were expressed as inactive and insoluble forms in the cytoplasm of E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells using plasmid vector pET11-d. With this tightly regulated high-level expression system, lipase and prolipase polypeptides were produced to estimated levels of up to 21% and 15%, respectively, of total cellular protein. The insoluble polypeptides were solubilized in 8 M urea. Refolding into active forms was achieved by treatment with the redox system cystine/cysteine and dilution. Refolded mature lipase was purified to homogeneity by affinity and ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme had a specific activity comparable to that of lipase from the fungal culture. The quantities of pure enzyme obtained from a 1-L culture of E. coli exceeded those obtained from the fungal culture by a factor of at least 100. Refolded recombinant prolipase was purified essentially to homogeneity and had a specific activity similar to that of the mature enzyme. Its pH optimum was 7.5, rather than the pH 8 determined for recombinant mature lipase and for the enzyme purified from the fungal culture. Recombinant prolipase retained activity after 15 min incubation at 65 degrees C, while mature lipase retained activity only up to 45 degrees C. JF - Lipids AU - Joerger, R D AU - Haas, M J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cystine KW - 48TCX9A1VT KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Dithiothreitol KW - T8ID5YZU6Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Dithiothreitol -- pharmacology KW - Protein Folding KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Rhizopus -- genetics KW - Rhizopus -- enzymology KW - Gene Expression KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Lipase -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75609671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Overexpression+of+a+Rhizopus+delemar+lipase+gene+in+Escherichia+coli.&rft.au=Joerger%2C+R+D%3BHaas%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Joerger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of cattle age, lithium chloride dose level, and food type in the retention of food aversions. AN - 75601940; 8382673 AB - The influences of animal age and lithium chloride (LiCl) dose levels were evaluated in forming and retaining food aversions to licorice-flavored alfalfa pellets and beet pulp. Lithium chloride (100, 200, 300 mg/kg BW) was given to yearling and mature cattle by gavage (four animals per age-dose treatment group) after meals of the test food. Cattle dosed with the higher levels of LiCl formed aversions more rapidly in both trials than those dosed at lower levels. Both age classes extinguished aversions to licorice-flavored alfalfa pellets, but aversions to beet pulp persisted. Mature cattle retained aversions to beet pulp to a greater extent than did young cattle in social facilitation and single-choice persistence trials. Of dosages studied, the optimum for retaining aversions to beet pulp was 200 mg/kg BW for mature cows. Yearling cattle required 300 mg/kg for complete abstinence. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Cheney, C D AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Chlorides KW - 0 KW - Lithium KW - 9FN79X2M3F KW - Lithium Chloride KW - G4962QA067 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Vegetables KW - Taste KW - Female KW - Medicago sativa KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Animal Feed KW - Chlorides -- administration & dosage KW - Lithium -- administration & dosage KW - Chlorides -- adverse effects KW - Appetite -- drug effects KW - Lithium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75601940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+cattle+age%2C+lithium+chloride+dose+level%2C+and+food+type+in+the+retention+of+food+aversions.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BCheney%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype x environment interactions in preweaning traits of purebred and reciprocal cross Angus and Brahman calves on common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures. AN - 75597413; 8440651 AB - Preweaning data on 486 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal cross calves (AB, BA) managed on common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue were used to evaluate the interactions of forage type and sex of calf with direct effects, individual heterosis, and maternal effects. Calves were spring-born in 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 to five sires of each breed. Male calves were castrated at birth, and calves were not creep-fed. Average values of heterosis for birth weight, 205-d weight, weaning hip height, and weaning weight:height ratio (WT/HT) were important (P < .01) and consistent across forage environment. Heterosis for birth weight was larger in bull calves than in heifer calves (P < .05), whereas heterosis for other preweaning traits were consistent across sex of calf. Average maternal effects for WT/HT (P < .10) were important and consistent across forage environment. Maternal effects for birth weight were larger with bull calves than with heifer calves (P < .01). Maternal effects for weaning hip height favored the Angus dam managed on bermudagrass (P < .05) but not managed on fescue. A similar but nonsignificant trend occurred in maternal effects for 205-d weight. Direct effects for birth weight were larger in bull calves than in heifer calves (P < .01). Direct effects for weaning height were larger in calves managed on bermudagrass than in calves managed on tall fescue (P < .07). A similar but nonsignificant trend was evident in direct effects for 205-d weight. Direct effects for WT/HT were relatively small and unimportant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Tharel, L M AU - Brown, A H AU - Jackson, W G AU - Miesner, J R AD - South Central Family Farm Research Center, ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 326 EP - 333 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Birth Weight -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Food Microbiology KW - Sex Factors KW - Breeding KW - Weaning KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Weight Gain KW - Male KW - Female KW - Animal Feed KW - Cattle -- growth & development KW - Cattle -- genetics KW - Hybrid Vigor KW - Poaceae -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75597413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Genotype+x+environment+interactions+in+preweaning+traits+of+purebred+and+reciprocal+cross+Angus+and+Brahman+calves+on+common+bermudagrass+and+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue+pastures.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BTharel%2C+L+M%3BBrown%2C+A+H%3BJackson%2C+W+G%3BMiesner%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steroidal alkaloid toxicity to fish embryos. AN - 75594239; 8430437 AB - Embryos of two species of fish were evaluated for their suitability as model systems for steroidal alkaloid toxicity, the Japanese rice fish, medaka (Oryzius latipes) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the equine neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactone repin, was also tested. A PROBIT program was used to evaluate the EC1, EC50 and EC99 as well as the associated confidence limits. The steroidal alkaloids tested were the Solanum potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, the aglyclones solanidine and solasodine and the Veratrum alkaloid, jervine. Embryo mortality, likely due to structural or functional abnormalities in the early development stages of the embryo, were the only response observed in both species. The rainbow trout exhibited a toxic response to chaconine, solasidine, repin and solanine but the medaka embryos were only affected by the compounds, chaconine and solanine. Rainbow trout may indeed serve as a good lower vertebrate model for studying the toxicity of steroidal alkaloids. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Crawford, L AU - Kocan, R M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Steroids KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Female KW - Trout -- embryology KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- drug effects KW - Steroids -- toxicity KW - Oryzias -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75594239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Steroidal+alkaloid+toxicity+to+fish+embryos.&rft.au=Crawford%2C+L%3BKocan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification of a 40-kilodalton methyltransferase active in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. AN - 75589255; 8434913 AB - The penultimate step in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus involves conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin. An S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes this reaction was purified to homogeneity (> 90%) from 78-h-old mycelia of A. parasiticus SRRC 163. Purification of this soluble enzyme was carried out by five soft-gel chromatographic steps: cell debris remover treatment, QMA ACELL chromatography, hydroxylapatite-Ultrogel chromatography, DEAE-Spherodex chromatography, and Octyl Avidgel chromatography, followed by MA7Q high-performance liquid chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein peak from this step on silver staining identified a single band of approximately 40 kDa. This purified protein was distinct from the dimeric 168-kDa methyltransferase purified from the same fungal strain under identical growth conditions (D. Bhatnagar, A. H. J. Ullah, and T. E. Cleveland, Prep. Biochem. 18:321-349, 1988). The chromatographic behavior and N-terminal sequence of the 40-kDa enzyme were also distinct from those of the 168-kDa methyltransferase. The molar extinction coefficient of the 40-kDa enzyme at 278 nm was estimated to be 4.7 x 10(4) M-1 cm-1 in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Keller, N P AU - Dischinger, H C AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Ullah, A H AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 479 EP - 484 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Molecular Weight KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Methyltransferases -- isolation & purification KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Methyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Methyltransferases -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75589255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+of+a+40-kilodalton+methyltransferase+active+in+the+aflatoxin+biosynthetic+pathway.&rft.au=Keller%2C+N+P%3BDischinger%2C+H+C%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BUllah%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Anal Biochem. 1977 May 1;79(1-2):544-52 [68686] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Feb;27(2):394-9 [4207281] Biochemistry. 1973 Dec 4;12(25):5167-71 [4792300] J Agric Food Chem. 1976 Nov-Dec;24(6):1167-70 [1002895] J Agric Food Chem. 1976 Nov-Dec;24(6):1170-4 [1002896] Nature. 1977 Jun 30;267(5614):863-5 [895848] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Apr;39(4):835-9 [7377778] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9418-22 [3099282] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jan;53(1):14-6 [3103529] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2804-7 [3435144] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):2101-6 [3140727] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] J Mol Biol. 1989 Mar 20;206(2):313-21 [2541254] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 25;264(33):20131-9 [2684970] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):826-30 [1689055] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jan 15;166(1):38-42 [2405850] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Mycopathologia. 1990 Jul;111(1):39-45 [2233978] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] FASEB J. 1991 Sep;5(12):2623 [1916085] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 Jun 8;52(3):992-7 [4710576] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of coarse woody debris on morphology and sediment storage of a mountain stream system in western Oregon AN - 52715699; 1997-034641 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Nakamura, Futoshi AU - Swanson, Frederick J Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 43 EP - 61 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - United States KW - western Oregon KW - sedimentation KW - channels KW - rivers KW - debris flows KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - Cascade Range KW - Oregon KW - Willamette National Forest KW - Lane County Oregon KW - channel geometry KW - mass movements KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - drainage basins KW - trees KW - streams KW - storage KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52715699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Effects+of+coarse+woody+debris+on+morphology+and+sediment+storage+of+a+mountain+stream+system+in+western+Oregon&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Futoshi%3BSwanson%2C+Frederick+J&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Futoshi&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cascade Range; channel geometry; channels; debris flows; drainage basins; floods; fluvial features; fluvial sedimentation; Lane County Oregon; mass movements; Oregon; rivers; sedimentation; sediments; storage; streams; trees; United States; western Oregon; Willamette National Forest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oklahoma geology, the challenge in a changing environment AN - 50137617; 1995-035541 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Miller, Glen B AU - Tillman, Bob L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 38 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Oklahoma KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - water erosion KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50137617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Oklahoma+geology%2C+the+challenge+in+a+changing+environment&rft.au=Miller%2C+Glen+B%3BTillman%2C+Bob+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, South-Central Section, 27th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; geologic hazards; land use; Oklahoma; United States; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the possible requirement and reference dose levels for arsenic in humans. AN - 76280187; 8159966 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Uthus, E O AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 137 EP - 138 VL - 19 Suppl 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Arsenic -- administration & dosage KW - Diet -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76280187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+possible+requirement+and+reference+dose+levels+for+arsenic+in+humans.&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of aluminosilicate compounds to reduce aflatoxin residues and toxicity to poultry and livestock: a review report. AN - 76225056; 8108715 AB - The aflatoxins (AFs) are reported to be hepatotoxic, mutagenic, immunosuppressive, and carcinogenic. Methods to prevent, reduce, or remediate AF toxicity and residues in the environment are in great demand. Various AF-detoxification procedures are reviewed with particular emphasis on ammoniation and the use of adsorbent compounds to bind AF. A series of in vivo experiments by the authors are reviewed that evaluated the ability of a specific hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of AF to poultry and livestock and to reduce AF residues in milk. These studies showed that HSCAS forms stable bonds with AF in vitro, and when added to AF-contaminated poultry and livestock feeds, HSCAS is able to protect chickens, swine, and lambs from the deleterious toxic effects of AF and to reduce AF residues in milk of dairy cows and goats. These results indicate that HSCAS, when used in conjunction with other mycotoxin management practices, may prove effective for the preventive management of AF-contaminated feedstuffs in livestock and poultry and may reduce AF residues in the food-chain. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Phillips, T D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1453 EP - 1457 VL - Suppl Pt 2 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Goats KW - Sheep KW - Adsorption KW - Aflatoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zeolites -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zeolites -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76225056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+aluminosilicate+compounds+to+reduce+aflatoxin+residues+and+toxicity+to+poultry+and+livestock%3A+a+review+report.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BPhillips%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=Suppl+Pt+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal toxins in foods: recent concerns. AN - 75942497; 8369143 JF - Annual review of nutrition AU - Riley, R T AU - Norred, W P AU - Bacon, C W AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 167 EP - 189 VL - 13 SN - 0199-9885, 0199-9885 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Fusarium KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Food Contamination KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- poisoning KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75942497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Fungal+toxins+in+foods%3A+recent+concerns.&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BBacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+nutrition&rft.issn=01999885&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental equine leukoencephalomalacia, toxic hepatosis, and encephalopathy caused by corn naturally contaminated with fumonisins. AN - 75659422; 8466984 AB - A study to evaluate the effects of dietary fumonisin B1 was conducted using 6 ponies (4 test and 2 control). A ration naturally contaminated with fumonisin B1 was fed in 3 phases: 1) 44 ppm fumonisin B1, 2) less than 1 ppm fumonisin B1, and 3) 88 ppm fumonisin B1. All ponies were monitored daily, weighed weekly, and limit fed at a rate of 0.8% body weight plus hay. Feed intake was measured daily, and a serum chemistry panel was completed once or twice weekly. Four to 7 days after initiation of the trial (Phase 1), all 4 test ponies had decreased feed consumption, and selected serum chemistry parameters were markedly elevated. On day 9, 1 pony died acutely with mild encephalopathy and hepatic necrosis. Another pony, euthanized on day 45, also had mild encephalopathy and hepatic necrosis. The remaining 2 test ponies continued the 44 ppm fumonisin B1 diet for 98 days. Phase 2 consisted of a diet with < 1 ppm fumonisin B1 for 120 days. During this phase, the serum chemistry values of the 2 ponies returned to normal. Following Phase 2, the 2 ponies were fed a diet containing 88 ppm fumonisin B1. After 75 days, 1 animal died of equine leukoencephalomalacia with mild hepatic necrosis. On day 78, the remaining pony was euthanized after showing distress; it also had leukoencephalomalacia and hepatic lesions. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Ross, P F AU - Ledet, A E AU - Owens, D L AU - Rice, L G AU - Nelson, H A AU - Osweiler, G D AU - Wilson, T M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Animal Feed KW - Zea mays KW - Liver Diseases -- pathology KW - Horses KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Food Contamination KW - Brain Diseases -- pathology KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Encephalomalacia -- pathology KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75659422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Experimental+equine+leukoencephalomalacia%2C+toxic+hepatosis%2C+and+encephalopathy+caused+by+corn+naturally+contaminated+with+fumonisins.&rft.au=Ross%2C+P+F%3BLedet%2C+A+E%3BOwens%2C+D+L%3BRice%2C+L+G%3BNelson%2C+H+A%3BOsweiler%2C+G+D%3BWilson%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: J Vet Diagn Invest 1993 Jul;5(3):504 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between acetone, cataracts, and ascorbate in hairless guinea pigs. AN - 75621171; 8446366 AB - Acetone is one of the most commonly used industrial solvents. Recent literature indicated that in guinea pigs, but not rabbits, acetone is cataractogenic and that elevated acetone exposure is also associated with depressed aqueous ascorbate levels. Other work indicated that aqueous and lens levels of ascorbate are closely linked and that depressed ascorbate status is related to cataract. Taken together, these papers suggested that acetone exposure, depressed ascorbate levels, and cataract are related, possibly causally. While the possibility that acetone is cataractogenic presented a major health concern, it also presented an opportunity to develop a new model of cataract in which hypotheses regarding anticataractogenic effects of ascorbate could be tested. Albino hairless guinea pigs are immunocompetent animals derived from albino Hartley guinea pigs. Animals were fed diets containing low (4.9 mg/day) and high (55 mg/day) levels of ascorbate. This resulted in distinct groups of animals, one with high tissue ascorbate levels and the other with low, but nonscorbutic ascorbate levels. The tissue levels of ascorbate and the relationship between tissue ascorbate levels and dietary intake indicate that with respect to ascorbate uptake, transport, and concentration, these animals are identical to the standard albino Hartley animals. Daily exposure to acetone was extended for 6 months, with a total applied dose of 65 ml. Absorption of the solvent was maximized by the use of hairless animals. Despite exposure of the animals to higher levels of acetone, in no case (n = 20) were cataracts observed over a 2-year period. This is consistent with results using rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Ophthalmic research AU - Taylor, A AU - Smith, D E AU - Palmer, V J AU - Shepard, D AU - Padhye, N AU - Theriault, C AU - Morrow, F AD - Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University (HNRC), Boston, Mass. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 30 EP - 35 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0030-3747, 0030-3747 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lens, Crystalline -- metabolism KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Diet KW - Administration, Topical KW - Biological Availability KW - Cataract -- metabolism KW - Cataract -- chemically induced KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75621171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmic+research&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+acetone%2C+cataracts%2C+and+ascorbate+in+hairless+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+D+E%3BPalmer%2C+V+J%3BShepard%2C+D%3BPadhye%2C+N%3BTheriault%2C+C%3BMorrow%2C+F&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ophthalmic+research&rft.issn=00303747&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of tissue and serum sphinganine to sphingosine ratio: an early biomarker of exposure to fumonisin-containing feeds in pigs. AN - 75598156; 8430417 AB - Fumonisins are a group of naturally occurring compounds produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme. They are believed to be the etiologic agent of several animal diseases associated with consumption of corn-based feeds including porcine pulmonary edema. Recently it was shown in vitro that fumonisins are specific inhibitors of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferases. Inhibition of these enzymes in cultured cells results in the accumulation of free long chain sphingoid bases, specifically sphingosine and sphinganine, and the depletion of complex sphingolipids. In this study, tissues and serum from male SPF pigs fed a nutritionally balanced diet containing corn or corn screenings naturally contaminated with fumonisins for up to 14 days were analyzed for free sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipids. Total fumonisins (B1 and B2) in the diets were analyzed at 0 ( or = 23 ppm, and serum liver enzymes were significantly elevated at > or = 101 ppm. The results of this study show that free sphinganine is elevated in liver, lung, and kidney, from pigs consuming feeds containing fumonisins at total fumonisin concentrations of 23 ppm or greater. Sphingosine is also elevated in a dose-dependent manner, but to a lesser extent than sphinganine. The consequence of this differential inhibition is that the ratio of sphinganine to sphingosine increases, suggesting that sphinganine N-acyltransferase is the preferred target for fumonisins. Elevation of free sphinganine and free sphingosine in serum paralleled the increases in tissues. Statistically significant increases in the ratio were observed at feed concentrations as low as 5 ppm total fumonisins and in pigs (at higher concentrations) in which other serum biochemistry parameters and tissue morphology were not altered. Elevated ratios were also observed in serum from pigs fed pure fumonisin B1. The sensitivity of the ratio indicates that it could serve as an effective biomarker for consumption of fumonisin-containing feeds. In addition, the data supports the hypothesis that inhibition of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase plays an important role in the pathogenesis of animal diseases associated with consumption of feed containing fumonisins. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Riley, R T AU - An, N H AU - Showker, J L AU - Yoo, H S AU - Norred, W P AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Wang, E AU - Merrill, A H AU - Motelin, G AU - Beasley, V R AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Russell Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 105 EP - 112 VL - 118 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75598156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+tissue+and+serum+sphinganine+to+sphingosine+ratio%3A+an+early+biomarker+of+exposure+to+fumonisin-containing+feeds+in+pigs.&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BAn%2C+N+H%3BShowker%2C+J+L%3BYoo%2C+H+S%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BWang%2C+E%3BMerrill%2C+A+H%3BMotelin%2C+G%3BBeasley%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral administration of calcium salts for treatment of hypocalcemia in cattle. AN - 75581205; 8436668 AB - Milk fever is usually treated by i.v. administration of 8 to 10 g of Ca. Oral Ca salts have been suggested as an alternate treatment for milk fever. In our studies, plasma Ca concentration changes effected by various oral Ca preparations were compared. Solutions were administered by oral drenching of cows, and blood was obtained hourly. Calcium chloride increased plasma Ca better than Ca propionate, which increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate. A CaCl2 gel formulation increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate, but not as well as did Ca propionate. Concentrated solutions of Ca as CaCl2 increased plasma Ca better than diluted solutions. Rumen bypass of Ca salts increased plasma Ca concentration more than when Ca salts were placed into the rumen. Oral administration of 50 g of Ca as CaCl2 raised plasma Ca concentrations to the same extent as 4 g of Ca as CaCl2 given i.v. We also examined effects of oral Ca salts on plasma Ca concentrations of hypocalcemic periparturient cows and found that oral Ca treatment could treat mild cases of hypocalcemia. We also caution that CaCl2 use must be limited because excessive amounts cause severe metabolic acidosis. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Goff, J P AU - Horst, R L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010-0070. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 101 EP - 108 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Propionates KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Calcium Carbonate KW - H0G9379FGK KW - propionic acid KW - JHU490RVYR KW - Calcium Chloride KW - M4I0D6VV5M KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Calcium Chloride -- adverse effects KW - Calcium Carbonate -- therapeutic use KW - Kinetics KW - Propionates -- therapeutic use KW - Calcium Chloride -- therapeutic use KW - Female KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Calcium -- administration & dosage KW - Cattle Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Hypocalcemia -- drug therapy KW - Calcium -- therapeutic use KW - Hypocalcemia -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75581205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Oral+administration+of+calcium+salts+for+treatment+of+hypocalcemia+in+cattle.&rft.au=Goff%2C+J+P%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. AN - 75556753; 8381229 AB - A hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) was incorporated into diets (.5%) containing 3.5 mg/kg aflatoxin (AF) and 5.0 mg/kg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) singly and in combination. Male broiler chicks received ad libitum access to their respective diets and water from 1 to 21 days of age. Body weight gains were significantly (P < .05) depressed by AF and DAS singly and a synergistic interaction occurred between AF and DAS for a further depression of body weight gains. Alterations in hematological and serum biochemical values, as well as serum enzyme activities, were observed for the AF and the AF and DAS combination. Additionally, a significant interaction occurred between AF and DAS for some biochemical values and enzyme activities. Adding HSCAS resulted in almost total protection against the effects caused by AF alone, limited protection against the combination, but no protection against the DAS alone. These findings indicate that HSCAS can diminish the adverse effects of AF but not of DAS. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Huff, W E AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Yersin, A G AU - Phillips, T D AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - Trichothecenes KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - diacetoxyscirpenol KW - 2270-40-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Trichothecenes -- toxicity KW - Trichothecenes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Aluminum Silicates -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75556753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+hydrated+sodium+calcium+aluminosilicate+to+reduce+the+toxicity+of+aflatoxin+and+diacetoxyscirpenol.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BYersin%2C+A+G%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of carbofuran and the corn rhizosphere on growth of soil microorganisms. AN - 75552753; 8418938 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Wootton, M A AU - Kremer, R J AU - Keaster, A J AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Agronomy, Columbia, Missouri. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 49 EP - 56 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Thiocarbamates KW - 0 KW - butylate KW - 3U78PG73G7 KW - Carbofuran KW - SKF77S6Y67 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Agriculture KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Carbofuran -- pharmacology KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Actinomycetales -- growth & development KW - Actinomycetales -- drug effects KW - Fungi -- drug effects KW - Thiocarbamates -- pharmacology KW - Fungi -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75552753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+carbofuran+and+the+corn+rhizosphere+on+growth+of+soil+microorganisms.&rft.au=Wootton%2C+M+A%3BKremer%2C+R+J%3BKeaster%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Wootton&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide retention by a programmable automatic water/suspended-sediment sampler. AN - 75552688; 7678202 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Smith, S AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Water Quality & Ecology Research Unit, Oxford, Mississippi 38655-1157. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Pesticides KW - Triazines KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - metribuzin KW - QO836138OV KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analysis KW - Triazines -- analysis KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75552688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Pesticide+retention+by+a+programmable+automatic+water%2Fsuspended-sediment+sampler.&rft.au=Smith%2C+S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residue prevention strategies in the United States. AN - 75544238; 8420905 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Kindred, T P AU - Hubbert, W T AD - Residue Evaluation and Planning Division, USDA, Washington, DC 20250. Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 46 EP - 49 VL - 202 IS - 1 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Swine KW - Meat KW - Legislation, Veterinary KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - Milk KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Legislation, Food KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Drug Residues KW - United States Department of Agriculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75544238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Residue+prevention+strategies+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Kindred%2C+T+P%3BHubbert%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Kindred&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation processing AN - 745658019; 123040 AB - Ionizing radiation applications in food processing, its purposes and government position on food irradiation is discussed. The need for ASTM standards is explained and the results of the use of these standards are outlined. JF - Standardization News AU - Derr, Donald AD - (USDA's) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 27 VL - 21 IS - 7 SN - 0090-1210, 0090-1210 KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Irradiated foods KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiation processing KW - Sterilization (cleaning) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Standards KW - W4 902.2:CODES AND STANDARDS KW - W4 822.2:FOOD PROCESSING OPERATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745658019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Standardization+News&rft.atitle=Radiation+processing&rft.au=Derr%2C+Donald&rft.aulast=Derr&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Standardization+News&rft.issn=00901210&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of oleic acid to 10-ketostearic acid by a staphylococcus species AN - 745655025; 139235 AB - In the course of using microorganisms to produce value-added products from soybean oil or its fatty acids, a culture contaminant was isolated and tentatively identified as a Staphylococcus species. This microorganism converts oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) to 10-ketostearic acid (10-keto-octadecanoic acid) in growing cultures. Bioconversion was studied in two different media at temperatures from 30 to 41 degree C, with shaking at 150 rpm. Cells were grown in 50 mL of media for 24 h and then incubated with 0.25 g oleic acid for 24 h. Optimum conditions have allowed better than 90% conversion with 85% recovery. Unreacted oleic acid and 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid) are the only other compounds present in the ethyl ether extract of the fermentation broth. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Lanser, A C AD - NCAUR/ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 543 EP - 545 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Growth kinetics KW - High performance liquid chromatography KW - Incubation KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Ketoastearic acid KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Oleic acid KW - Thin layer chromatography KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Filtration KW - Gas chromatography KW - Fatty acids KW - Cell culture KW - Ethers KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745655025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+oleic+acid+to+10-ketostearic+acid+by+a+staphylococcus+species&rft.au=Lanser%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Lanser&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Filtration; Gas chromatography; Fatty acids; Cell culture; Ethers; Nuclear magnetic resonance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal denaturation of glycinin as a function of hydration AN - 745654255; 92237 AB - Hydration effects on the thermal stability of glycinin (soybean 11S protein) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In a model system with pure glycinin, the denaturation temperature (T sub(d)) decreased with increasing moisture. Between 22 and 44% moisture, two endotherms were observed, where the lower-temperature endotherm became progressively reduced in magnitude with a concomitant increase in a higher-temperature transition. At 45.5% moisture, only a single endotherm was observed. The regression curves over the entire moisture range from 2 to 66% were derived as asymptote functions, where M equals the percentage total moisture. Equations were developed from the curves, and the relationship between T sub(d) and moisture were: T sub(d) identical with 92.4+196.5e super(-0.068M) and, for the low-temperature endotherm, 82.4+144.3e super(-0.068M). By interaction of 11S protein with either ethanol, a neutral detergent (Triton X-100) or 40% sucrose, both one- and two-endotherm curves were generated. Such calorimetric behavior is indicative of nonequilibrium denaturation and supports the notion that structure reorganization during DSC is water content-dependent. Our findings suggest that either glycinin's acidic/basic subunits or a change in secondary protein structure may give rise to two endotherms. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Sessa, David J AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1279 EP - 1284 VL - 70 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) KW - Glycinin KW - Grain (agricultural product) KW - Hydration KW - Moisture KW - Molecular structure KW - Regression analysis KW - Soybean KW - Storage protein KW - Thermal denaturation KW - Thermal effects KW - Thermodynamic stability KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Calorimetry KW - W4 641.1:THERMODYNAMICS KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - EE 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - EE 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - EE 641.1:THERMODYNAMICS KW - EE 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745654255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Thermal+denaturation+of+glycinin+as+a+function+of+hydration&rft.au=Sessa%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Sessa&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydration; Mathematical models; Regression analysis; Calorimetry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical composition of Gaura suffulta and Gaura longiflora flower volatiles AN - 745654242; 92352 AB - Volatiles from the flowers of Gaura suffulta and Gaura longiflora were analyzed by GC/MS. Relative concentrations and identities of 21 compounds for G. suffulta and 25 compounds for G. longiflora were determined. JF - Journal of Essential Oil Research AU - Kint, Saima AU - Teranishi, Roy AU - Lingren, Pete D AU - Shaver, Ted N AU - Raulston, Jimmy R AD - USDA, Albany, CA, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 201 EP - 203 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1041-2905, 1041-2905 KW - Alcohols KW - Aldehydes KW - Eugenol KW - Flower volatiles KW - Gaura longiflora KW - Gaura suffulta KW - Lilac alcohols KW - Lilac aldehydes KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Night blooming flowers KW - Olefins KW - Onagraceae KW - Plants (botany) KW - Tridecene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Extraction KW - Gas chromatography KW - Chemical analysis KW - Composition KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745654242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.atitle=Chemical+composition+of+Gaura+suffulta+and+Gaura+longiflora+flower+volatiles&rft.au=Kint%2C+Saima%3BTeranishi%2C+Roy%3BLingren%2C+Pete+D%3BShaver%2C+Ted+N%3BRaulston%2C+Jimmy+R&rft.aulast=Kint&rft.aufirst=Saima&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.issn=10412905&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Extraction; Gas chromatography; Chemical analysis; Composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boron and selenium removal in boron-laden soils by four sprinkler irrigated plant species. AN - 745653122; 79866 AB - High concentrations of B and Se found in some arid environments are detrimental to sustainable agriculture. Vegetation management may be a remediation strategy designed to reduce soil B and Se concentrations to nontoxic levels. Two separate field experiments were conducted to study B and Se uptake in four different plant species grown in soil containing high concentrations of B (water-extractable B ranging from 1-10 mg kg super(-1) soil) and Se (total soil Se ranging from 0.1-1.2 mg kg super(-1) soil). The four species were Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss (Indian mustard), Festuca arundinacea Schreb cv. Fawn (tall fescue), Lotus corniculatus L. (birdsfoot trefoil), and Hibiscus cannibinus L. (kenaf). In the 1990 experiment, there were no differences in either tissue B or Se concentrations among the species. The mean tissue concentration was 105 mg B kg super(-1) dry matter (DM) and 0.75 mg Se kg super(-1) DM, respectively. In the 1991 experiment, mean shoot tissue concentrations of B ranged from a low of 96 mg kg super(-1) DM in tall fescue to a high of 684 mg B kg super(-1) DM in leaves from kenaf. Indian mustard accumulated the greatest amount of Se (>1 mg Se kg super(-1) DM), while the mean tissue concentration among the other three species was 0.36 mg Se kg super(-1) DM. For both experiments, soil samples were taken prior to planting and after harvest for each species to a depth of 0 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and analyzed for water-extractable B and total Se. Summary data from all species indicated that extractable soil B and total Se concentrations were reduced between 0- to 60-cm soil depth by 52 and 48% in 1990, and by 24 and 13% in 1991, respectively. Planting any of the four species tested in B-laden soils may lead to a reduction in both B and Se concentrations in the soil. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Cardon, G AU - Mackey, B AU - Ben-Asher, J AU - Wu, L AU - Beuselinck, P AU - Akohoue, S AU - Zambrzuski, S AD - USDA-ARS, Fresno, CA, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 786 EP - 792 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Agriculture KW - Boron KW - Brassica juncea KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Hibiscus cannibinus KW - Lotus corniculatus KW - Plants (botany) KW - Selenium KW - Soil pollution KW - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) KW - Trace elements KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 481.2:GEOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 481.2:GEOCHEMISTRY KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - EE 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - EE 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745653122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Boron+and+selenium+removal+in+boron-laden+soils+by+four+sprinkler+irrigated+plant+species.&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BCardon%2C+G%3BMackey%2C+B%3BBen-Asher%2C+J%3BWu%2C+L%3BBeuselinck%2C+P%3BAkohoue%2C+S%3BZambrzuski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=786&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil pollution; Trace elements; Selenium; Boron ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile components in juice from mandarin and mandarin hybrid fruit AN - 745653105; 93497 AB - Twenty-one volatile components of mandarin and mandarin hybrid fruits have been quantified and the amounts were compared to those reported earlier in mandarin and orange fruit. JF - Journal of Essential Oil Research AU - Shaw, Philip E AU - Moshonas, Manuel G AD - USDA, Winter Haven, FL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 101 EP - 104 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1041-2905, 1041-2905 KW - Citrus reticulata KW - Hybrid mandarin KW - Mandarin juice KW - Rutaceae KW - Volatile components KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Essential oils KW - Organic compounds KW - Chemical analysis KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745653105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.atitle=Volatile+components+in+juice+from+mandarin+and+mandarin+hybrid+fruit&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Philip+E%3BMoshonas%2C+Manuel+G&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.issn=10412905&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Essential oils; Organic compounds; Chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1,3-specific lipolysis of lesquerella fendleri oil by immobilized and reverse-micellar encapsulated enzymes. AN - 745652616; 87797 AB - Three types of reaction systems, all batch-mode, were employed for production of hydroxy (lesquerolic and auricolic) fatty acids via 1, 3-specific lipolysis of lesquerella fendleri oil: 'Free' Rhizopus arrihizus or immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase in reverse micelles (System I), Lipozyme suspended in lesquerella oil/isooctane mixture (System 2) and a suspension of water and free R. miechei lipase in lesquerella oil/osoctane mixture (System 3). The objective was to find the system that best maximized yield (i.e., percent hydrolysis), the proportion of hydroxy acids among the free acids liberated (hydroxy acid 'purity'), and recovery/reuse of lipase activity, and that could be easily adapted into a large-scale process. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hayes, Douglas G AU - Kleiman, Robert AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1121 EP - 1127 VL - 70 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Acyl migration KW - Encapsulated enzymes KW - Lesquerella fendleri KW - Lipolysis KW - Lipozyme KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bioreactors KW - Fatty acids KW - Enzymes KW - Biotechnology KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 822.3:FOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 802.1:CHEMICAL PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=1%2C3-specific+lipolysis+of+lesquerella+fendleri+oil+by+immobilized+and+reverse-micellar+encapsulated+enzymes.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Douglas+G%3BKleiman%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioreactors; Fatty acids; Enzymes; Biotechnology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers. AN - 745652570; 79848 AB - Selected herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) metabolites, and NO sub(3) super(-) were examined in near-surface unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in the midcontinental USA to study the hydrogeologic, spatial, and seasonal distribution of these contaminants. Groundwater samples were collected from 303 wells during the spring and late summer of 1991. At least one herbicide or atrazine metabolite was detected in 24% of the samples collected for herbicide analysis (reporting limit 0.05 mu g/L). No herbicide concentration exceeded the USEPA's maximum contaminant level (MCL) or health advisory level. The most frequently detected compound was the atrazine metabolite deethylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) followed by atrazine, deisopropylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine), prometon (2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methyoxy-s-triazine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1 methylethyl)acetamide), alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide), metribuzin (4-amino-6-(tert-butyl)-3-methylthio-as-triazine-5(4H)-one), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), and cyanazine (2-((4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)- 2-methy lpropionitrile). Nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (N), exceeding 3.0 mg/L (excess NO sub(3) super(-)), was found in 29% of the samples, and 6% had sub(3) super(-) exceeding the MCL of 10 mg/L. Ammonium as N was detected in excess of 0.01 mg/L in 78% of the samples. A nonlinear increase in the frequency of atrazine detection occurred with decreases in reporting limit. The frequency of atrazine residue detection (atrazine+deethylatrazine+deisopropylatrazine) was 25% greater than for atrazine alone. Herbicide detections and excess NO sub(3) super(-) were notably lacking in the eastern part of the study region where it was estimated that herbicide and fertilizer use were among the largest in the region. Prometon, the second most frequently detected herbicide, was associated with nonagricultural land use. Herbicide and excess NO sub(3) super(-) were more frequent in unconsolidated aquifers than in bedrock aquifers. Aquifer depth, as direct measurement of proximity to recharge sources, was inversely related to frequency of herbicide detection and excess NO sub(3) super(-). JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Burkart, Michael R AU - Kolpin, Dana W AD - USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 646 EP - 656 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Atrazine KW - Near surface aquifers KW - Nitrates KW - Prometon KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - Herbicides KW - Metabolites KW - Water analysis KW - Land use KW - Hydrology KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 403.2:REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT KW - EE 444.2:GROUNDWATER KW - EE 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 453.1:WATER POLLUTION SOURCES KW - EE 453.1:WATER POLLUTION SOURCES KW - W4 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - W4 444.2:GROUNDWATER KW - EE 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - EE 403.2:REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+and+land-use+factors+associated+with+herbicides+and+nitrate+in+near-surface+aquifers.&rft.au=Burkart%2C+Michael+R%3BKolpin%2C+Dana+W&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquifers; Hydrology; Metabolites; Herbicides; Water analysis; Land use; Nitrates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical treatment of the relationships between soil heat flux/net radiation ratio and vegetation indices AN - 745652062; 92669 AB - Relationships between leaf area index (LAI) and midday soil heat flux/net radiation ratio (G/R sub(n)) and two more commonly used vegetation indices (VIs) were used to analytically derive formulas describing the relationship between G/R sub(n) and VI. Use of VI for estimating G/R sub(n) may be useful in operational remote sensing models that evaluate the spatial variation in the surface energy balance over large areas. While previous experimental data have shown that linear equations can adequately describe the relationship between G/R sub(n) and VI, this analytical treatment indicated that nonlinear relationships are more appropriate. Data over bare soil and soybeans under a range of canopy cover conditions from a humid climate and data collected over bare soil, alfalfa, and cotton fields in an arid climate were used to evaluate model formulations derived for LAI and G/R sub(n), LAI and VI, and VI and G/R sub(n). In general, equations describing LAI-G/R sub(n) and LAI-VI relationships agreed with the data and supported the analytical result of a nonlinear relationship between VI and G/R sub(n). With the simple ratio (NIR/Red) as the VI, the nonlinear relationship with G/R sub(n) was confirmed qualitatively. But with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a nonlinear relationship did not appear to fit the data. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Kustas, William P AU - Daughtry, Craig ST AU - Van Oevelen, Peter J AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 319 EP - 330 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Heat radiation KW - Leaf area index (LAI) KW - Nonlinear equations KW - Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) KW - Parameter estimation KW - Plants (botany) KW - Soil heat flux/net radiation ratio KW - Soils KW - Surface energy balance KW - Vegetation indices KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Meteorology KW - Data acquisition KW - W4 731.1:CONTROL SYSTEMS KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 641.2:HEAT TRANSFER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Analytical+treatment+of+the+relationships+between+soil+heat+flux%2Fnet+radiation+ratio+and+vegetation+indices&rft.au=Kustas%2C+William+P%3BDaughtry%2C+Craig+ST%3BVan+Oevelen%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Meteorology; Data acquisition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of cotton balls to collect infant urine samples for super(2)H/ super(1)H and super(18)O/ super(16)O isotope ratio measurements. AN - 745650738; 72635 AB - To test the validity of cotton balls as a urine collection medium for hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio measurements, we moistened cotton balls with 1-5,and 10-mL aliquots of urine that contained either natural abundances or one of two enriched levels of super(2)H and super(18)O. The liquids were then expressed from the cotton balls, either at once, or after 30 or 60 min of atmospheric exposure, and analyzed for their super(2)H/H and super(18)O/ super(16)O isotope ratios. The super(2)H abundances of the fluids expressed from the cotton balls were significantly lower than the original values. This dilution of super(2) H, however, diminished in the samples that had a greater volume of urine. We observed no effects of volume of time on super(18)O. Our results indicate that at low urine volumes, ambient moisture dilutes super(2)H in the cotton balls, but isotope exchanges and evaporation have little or no effect on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic abundances of the urine samples. Total body water and energy expenditure values calculated from the super(2)H and super(18)O enrichments of 5- and 10-mL urine samples were within 1% of the theoretical values. Therefore, cotton balls are suitable for collection of infant urine samples for hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio measurements, if the volume of urine that can be expressed from a cotton ball is greater than or approximate to 5 mL. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Wong, William W AU - Clarke, Lucinda I AU - Laurador, Marisol AU - Feblic, Laura AU - Kletin, Peter D AD - USDA/ARS, TX, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1125 EP - 1128 VL - 44 IS - 8 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Biomedical engineering KW - Cotton balls KW - Hydrogen KW - Oxygen KW - Urine samples KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Materials Science & Engineering Abstracts KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 622.1:RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (GENERAL) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745650738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Use+of+cotton+balls+to+collect+infant+urine+samples+for+super%282%29H%2F+super%281%29H+and+super%2818%29O%2F+super%2816%29O+isotope+ratio+measurements.&rft.au=Wong%2C+William+W%3BClarke%2C+Lucinda+I%3BLaurador%2C+Marisol%3BFeblic%2C+Laura%3BKletin%2C+Peter+D&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlled, eight-position, thermal plate system for physiological investigations. AN - 745650600; 75236 AB - A portable, electronically controlled, eight-position thermal plate system (CELTEC) was developed for use in the physiological investigation of plant metabolic responses to temperature for the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Research Unit. The CELTEC, consisting of eight 5 cmx6.5 cm (2 in.x2.5 in.) temperature blocks and electronic thermal controllers, was designed to allow the selection of the same or unique temperatures on the eight temperature blocks. The CELTEC's thermal characteristics at four ambient temperatures are described, in addition to information on temperature block thermal stability across a range of physiological temperatures. A variety of applications of the CELTEC in the investigation of plant temperature responses are discussed. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Burke, J J AU - Mahan, T C AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 483 EP - 486 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Controlled eight position thermal plate system (CELTEC) KW - Heat pump systems KW - Microprocessor chips KW - Plants (botany) KW - Portable equipment KW - Temperature control KW - Thermodynamic stability KW - Thermoelectric equipment KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Physiology KW - Metabolism KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 704.2:ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT KW - W4 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 704.2:ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 616.1:HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS KW - EE 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - EE 731.3:SPECIFIC VARIABLES CONTROL KW - W4 616.1:HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 731.3:SPECIFIC VARIABLES CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745650600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Controlled%2C+eight-position%2C+thermal+plate+system+for+physiological+investigations.&rft.au=Burke%2C+J+J%3BMahan%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physiology; Metabolism ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - If Income Is Gamma Distributed, How Is Scale Invariance Possible? (A Critical Test of the Inequality Process) T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61713059; 93S26713 AB - The inequality process, deduced from the surplus theory of social stratification, implies that personal income or wealth (including human capital) is distributed as a gamma probability density function (pdf). The gamma pdf fits the income distributions of large population aggregates, eg, states (or provinces) & the whole nation, a finding called the "gamma law of income distribution." This law is empirically scale invariant (independent of level of aggregation) in large (eg, states) but not necessarily in small (eg, counties) population aggregates. However, if income is gamma distributed at the state level, the national distribution is a mixture of gamma pdfs, which is not in general itself a gamma pdf. This result does not disprove the inequality process: under a set of conditions that characterize empirical income distributions in large populations, gamma mixtures are gamma-like (gammoidal). These conditions may not hold for small population aggregates, eg, rural counties, & the income distributions of rural counties are often ungammoidal. It is shown that the fundamental theory of social stratification implies via the inequality process well-documented patterns of income distribution by area. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Angle, John Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 KW - inequality process, implied income distribution patterns KW - Social Stratification KW - Statistics KW - Methodology (Data Analysis) KW - Wealth KW - Income Distribution KW - proceeding KW - 0105: methodology and research technology; statistical methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61713059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=If+Income+Is+Gamma+Distributed%2C+How+Is+Scale+Invariance+Possible%3F+%28A+Critical+Test+of+the+Inequality+Process%29&rft.au=Angle%2C+John&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1993 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deriving the Size Distribution of Personal Wealth from "The Rich Get Richer, the Poor Get Poorer" AN - 61323298; 9401124 AB - A revised version of SA 39:6/91S24908/ASA/1991/6267. 1 Figure, 18 References. JF - The Journal of Mathematical Sociology AU - Angle, John AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 1301 New York Ave NW Washington DC 20005 Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 SP - 27 EP - 46 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0022-250X, 0022-250X KW - personal wealth distribution, size derivation KW - Measurement KW - Methodology (Data Analysis) KW - Wealth KW - Income Distribution KW - article KW - 0161: methodology and research technology; models: mathematical & other KW - 1019: social differentiation; social stratification/mobility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61323298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&rft.atitle=Deriving+the+Size+Distribution+of+Personal+Wealth+from+%22The+Rich+Get+Richer%2C+the+Poor+Get+Poorer%22&rft.au=Angle%2C+John&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&rft.issn=0022250X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JMTSBT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wealth; Income Distribution; Measurement; Methodology (Data Analysis) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long term use of saline water for irrigation AN - 52737126; 1997-028640 JF - Irrigation Science AU - Ayars, J E AU - Hutmacher, R B AU - Schoneman, R A AU - Vail, S S AU - Pflaum, T Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 27 EP - 34 PB - Springer International, Heidelberg VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - soils KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - water management KW - pollution KW - salinity KW - salt water KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - utilization KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52737126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Long+term+use+of+saline+water+for+irrigation&rft.au=Ayars%2C+J+E%3BHutmacher%2C+R+B%3BSchoneman%2C+R+A%3BVail%2C+S+S%3BPflaum%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Document feature - 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #52199 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; experimental studies; ground water; irrigation; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; salinity; salt water; soils; utilization; water management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation and rehabilitation of a tilting principal spillway riser; a case history AN - 52503560; 1999-026640 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Reed, Carol A AU - Keaton, Jeffrey R Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 66 EP - 67 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 36 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - Middle Branch Park River Dam #10 KW - North Dakota KW - failures KW - foundations KW - dams KW - spillways KW - drilling KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52503560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Investigation+and+rehabilitation+of+a+tilting+principal+spillway+riser%3B+a+case+history&rft.au=Reed%2C+Carol+A%3BKeaton%2C+Jeffrey+R&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists 36th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dams; design; drilling; failures; foundations; Middle Branch Park River Dam #10; North Dakota; spillways; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Channel erosion in watershed planning AN - 52502621; 1999-026625 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Miller, Glen B AU - Tillman, Bob L AU - Keaton, Jeffrey R Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 62 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 36 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - Oklahoma KW - planning KW - erosion KW - floods KW - waterways KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - water erosion KW - erosion features KW - gullies KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52502621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Channel+erosion+in+watershed+planning&rft.au=Miller%2C+Glen+B%3BTillman%2C+Bob+L%3BKeaton%2C+Jeffrey+R&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists 36th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; erosion; erosion features; floods; gullies; Oklahoma; planning; United States; water erosion; watersheds; waterways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The soil data layer in Arctic ecological studies AN - 51243999; 2008-069253 JF - Program and Abstracts - Arctic Science Conference AU - Moore, J P AU - Ping, C L AU - Pearson, Art Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 31 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fairbanks, AK VL - 44 KW - soils KW - spatial variations KW - Arctic region KW - data KW - ecology KW - environmental effects KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51243999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Arctic+Science+Conference&rft.atitle=The+soil+data+layer+in+Arctic+ecological+studies&rft.au=Moore%2C+J+P%3BPing%2C+C+L%3BPearson%2C+Art&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Arctic+Science+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 44th Arctic science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - AK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04953 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; data; ecology; environmental effects; soils; spatial variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land use effects of ground water quality within a layered and fractured aquifer AN - 51059308; 1996-014228 JF - ASAE Publication AU - Gburek, William J A2 - Mitchell, J. Kent Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 176 EP - 185 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 13-93 SN - 0197-1662, 0197-1662 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - watersheds KW - Appalachians KW - preferential flow KW - ground water KW - spatial distribution KW - multiple aquifers KW - basin management KW - Catskill Mountains KW - Catskill Formation KW - Trimmers Rock Formation KW - nitrate ion KW - chemical composition KW - mobility KW - Valley and Ridge Province KW - Upper Devonian KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - Paleozoic KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - MODFLOW KW - aquifers KW - models KW - water table KW - physical properties KW - New York KW - Devonian KW - detection KW - naturally fractured reservoirs KW - traveltime KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51059308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASAE+Publication&rft.atitle=Land+use+effects+of+ground+water+quality+within+a+layered+and+fractured+aquifer&rft.au=Gburek%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Gburek&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13-93&rft.issue=&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=0929355431&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASAE+Publication&rft.issn=01971662&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International symposium on Integrated resource management & landscape modification for environmental protection N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Appalachians; aquifers; basin management; Catskill Formation; Catskill Mountains; chemical composition; concentration; detection; Devonian; ground water; hydrology; land use; mobility; models; MODFLOW; multiple aquifers; naturally fractured reservoirs; New York; nitrate ion; North America; Paleozoic; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; preferential flow; soil management; soils; spatial distribution; traveltime; Trimmers Rock Formation; United States; Upper Devonian; Valley and Ridge Province; water quality; water table; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupling a chemical transport model to a GIS database for assessment of non-point source pollution in irrigated agricultural areas AN - 50338510; 1995-049031 JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Vaughan, Peter J AU - Corwin, Dennis L AU - Wang, Hong-Hua AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 127 EP - 138 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 13, Vol. 3 KW - solute transport KW - agricultural waste KW - spatial data KW - data acquisition KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - interactive techniques KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - soils KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - models KW - computer programs KW - information systems KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50338510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=Coupling+a+chemical+transport+model+to+a+GIS+database+for+assessment+of+non-point+source+pollution+in+irrigated+agricultural+areas&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Peter+J%3BCorwin%2C+Dennis+L%3BWang%2C+Hong-Hua%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13%2C+Vol.+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; ArcGIS; ArcInfo; computer programs; data acquisition; data processing; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; interactive techniques; irrigation; leaching; models; monitoring; nonpoint sources; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; simulation; soils; solute transport; spatial data; transport; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A GIS framework to assess the impacts of agricultural management systems on the environment AN - 50336348; 1995-049032 JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Pickus, Jonathan AU - Hewitt, Mason AU - Maidment, David R AU - Song, Don AU - Burkart, Michael AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 139 EP - 148 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 13, Vol. 3 KW - United States KW - degradation KW - Story County Iowa KW - spatial data KW - data acquisition KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - simulation KW - Iowa KW - seepage KW - ground water KW - triazines KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - adsorption KW - models KW - computer programs KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - information systems KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50336348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=A+GIS+framework+to+assess+the+impacts+of+agricultural+management+systems+on+the+environment&rft.au=Pickus%2C+Jonathan%3BHewitt%2C+Mason%3BMaidment%2C+David+R%3BSong%2C+Don%3BBurkart%2C+Michael%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Pickus&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13%2C+Vol.+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; agriculture; agrochemicals; ArcGIS; ArcInfo; atrazine; computer programs; data acquisition; data processing; degradation; geographic information systems; ground water; herbicides; hydrology; information systems; Iowa; land use; leaching; models; monitoring; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; seepage; simulation; soils; spatial data; Story County Iowa; transport; triazines; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detailed loess and Paleosol stratigraphy AN - 50315238; 1993-038631 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Ward, L B AU - Rutledge, E M AU - Wysocki, D A Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 9 EP - 23 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - lithostratigraphy KW - Quaternary KW - Mississippi Valley KW - clastic sediments KW - Phillips County Arkansas KW - eastern Arkansas KW - Cenozoic KW - sediments KW - loess KW - paleosols KW - USGS KW - Arkansas KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50315238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Detailed+loess+and+Paleosol+stratigraphy&rft.au=Ward%2C+L+B%3BRutledge%2C+E+M%3BWysocki%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arkansas; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; eastern Arkansas; lithostratigraphy; loess; Mississippi Valley; paleosols; Phillips County Arkansas; Quaternary; sediments; soils; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-elevation relationships on a volcanic plateau in the southern Cascade Range, northern California, USA AN - 50301635; 1993-045987 JF - Catena (Giessen) AU - Alexander, E B AU - Mallory, J I AU - Colwell, M L Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 113 EP - 128 PB - Catena-Verlag Rohdenburg, Cremlingen-Destedt VL - 20 IS - 1-2 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - United States KW - soils KW - lithostratigraphy KW - pedogenesis KW - andesites KW - volcanic rocks KW - lava flows KW - erosion KW - igneous rocks KW - Ultisols KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - vegetation KW - weathering KW - Andosols KW - Cenozoic KW - Cascade Range KW - California KW - Alfisols KW - plateaus KW - mountains KW - basalts KW - soil erosion KW - Northern California KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50301635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.atitle=Soil-elevation+relationships+on+a+volcanic+plateau+in+the+southern+Cascade+Range%2C+northern+California%2C+USA&rft.au=Alexander%2C+E+B%3BMallory%2C+J+I%3BColwell%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03418162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Document feature - sects., 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CIJPD3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; andesites; Andosols; atmospheric precipitation; basalts; California; Cascade Range; Cenozoic; erosion; igneous rocks; lava flows; lithostratigraphy; mountains; Northern California; pedogenesis; plateaus; soil erosion; soils; Ultisols; United States; vegetation; volcanic rocks; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptation of TR-20, project formulation-hydrology AN - 50238072; 1994-037878 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Chenoweth, John W AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.102 EP - 5.108 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - Kankakee River basin KW - Great Lakes region KW - geologic hazards KW - Newton County Indiana KW - Iroquois County Illinois KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - northeastern Illinois KW - Benton County Indiana KW - TR-20 KW - northwestern Indiana KW - La Porte County Indiana KW - Starke County Indiana KW - Will County Illinois KW - Indiana KW - floods KW - drainage basins KW - waterways KW - Porter County Indiana KW - USGS KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - Marshall County Indiana KW - Lake County Indiana KW - numerical models KW - Illinois KW - Jasper County Indiana KW - Kankakee County Illinois KW - Saint Joseph County Indiana KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50238072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Adaptation+of+TR-20%2C+project+formulation-hydrology&rft.au=Chenoweth%2C+John+W%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Chenoweth&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Benton County Indiana; data processing; drainage basins; floods; geologic hazards; Great Lakes region; hydrology; Illinois; Indiana; Iroquois County Illinois; Jasper County Indiana; Kankakee County Illinois; Kankakee River basin; La Porte County Indiana; Lake County Indiana; Marshall County Indiana; Newton County Indiana; North America; northeastern Illinois; northwestern Indiana; numerical models; Porter County Indiana; rivers and streams; Saint Joseph County Indiana; Starke County Indiana; TR-20; United States; USGS; waterways; Will County Illinois ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Past, present and future needs of SCS water quality modeling efforts AN - 50235142; 1994-037844 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Seinwill, Gerald D AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1.61 EP - 1.69 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - numerical models KW - erosion KW - government agencies KW - watersheds KW - water erosion KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - conservation KW - runoff KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - soil erosion KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50235142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Past%2C+present+and+future+needs+of+SCS+water+quality+modeling+efforts&rft.au=Seinwill%2C+Gerald+D%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Seinwill&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1.61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; erosion; government agencies; hydrology; numerical models; runoff; Soil Conservation Service; soil erosion; soils; U. S. Department of Agriculture; USGS; water erosion; water supply; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling for water supply forecasting in the West AN - 50235065; 1994-037880 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Garen, David C AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 6.1 EP - 6.8 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - numerical models KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - agriculture KW - prediction KW - streamflow KW - Western U.S. KW - theoretical models KW - water resources KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50235065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Modeling+for+water+supply+forecasting+in+the+West&rft.au=Garen%2C+David+C%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=6.1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; data processing; hydrology; numerical models; prediction; rivers and streams; streamflow; theoretical models; United States; USGS; water resources; water supply; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wetland identification SCS, Missouri AN - 50234461; 1994-037893 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Edwards, Jerry P AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 8.35 EP - 8.41 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - gauging KW - definition KW - Missouri KW - rivers and streams KW - government agencies KW - agriculture KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - wetlands KW - identification KW - floods KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Wetland+identification+SCS%2C+Missouri&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Jerry+P%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=8.35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; definition; floods; gauging; government agencies; hydrology; identification; Missouri; rivers and streams; Soil Conservation Service; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; USGS; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TR-20 proves viable flood reduction alternative AN - 50234434; 1994-037876 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mulvey, Laurel F AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.89 EP - 5.93 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - numerical models KW - geologic hazards KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - Perry Creek KW - TR-20 KW - Sioux City Iowa KW - Iowa KW - controls KW - Woodbury County Iowa KW - floods KW - waterways KW - USGS KW - construction KW - western Iowa KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=TR-20+proves+viable+flood+reduction+alternative&rft.au=Mulvey%2C+Laurel+F%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Mulvey&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; construction; controls; data processing; floods; geologic hazards; hydrology; Iowa; numerical models; Perry Creek; rivers and streams; Sioux City Iowa; TR-20; United States; USGS; watersheds; waterways; western Iowa; Woodbury County Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A disparity detected in hydrologic soil grouping AN - 50234378; 1994-037873 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Cerrelli, Geoffrey A AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.70 EP - 5.73 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - numerical models KW - classification KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - water regimes KW - storms KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=A+disparity+detected+in+hydrologic+soil+grouping&rft.au=Cerrelli%2C+Geoffrey+A%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Cerrelli&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; data processing; hydrology; numerical models; soils; storms; USGS; water regimes; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Object oriented simulation modeling of watersheds AN - 50234299; 1994-037858 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Kort, Robert E AU - Cassell, E A AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4.24 EP - 4.31 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - hydrology KW - object-oriented models KW - numerical models KW - digital simulation KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Object+oriented+simulation+modeling+of+watersheds&rft.au=Kort%2C+Robert+E%3BCassell%2C+E+A%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Kort&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=4.24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; digital simulation; hydrology; numerical models; object-oriented models; USGS; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SNOTEL AN - 50230161; 1994-037850 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Johnson, David E AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2.30 EP - 2.34 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - data acquisition KW - government agencies KW - water management KW - decision-making KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - Western U.S. KW - snow KW - theoretical models KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - SNOTEL KW - USGS KW - meteorology KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50230161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=SNOTEL&rft.au=Johnson%2C+David+E%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2.30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; data acquisition; decision-making; government agencies; hydrology; meteorology; SNOTEL; snow; Soil Conservation Service; theoretical models; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; USGS; water management; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment yield in a semiarid basin; sampling equipment impacts AN - 50219526; 1994-043914 JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Simanton, J R AU - Osterkamp, W R AU - Renard, K G A2 - Hadley, Richard F. A2 - Mizuyama, Takahisa Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3 EP - 9 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences, [Louvain] VL - 217 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - United States KW - methods KW - terrestrial environment KW - stream transport KW - erosion KW - stream sediments KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - semi-arid environment KW - watersheds KW - sampling KW - Walnut Gulch watershed KW - sediment yield KW - runoff KW - Arizona KW - sediments KW - basins KW - fluvial environment KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50219526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Sediment+yield+in+a+semiarid+basin%3B+sampling+equipment+impacts&rft.au=Simanton%2C+J+R%3BOsterkamp%2C+W+R%3BRenard%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Simanton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; basins; erosion; fluvial environment; methods; runoff; sampling; sediment yield; sediments; semi-arid environment; stream sediments; stream transport; terrestrial environment; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation; Walnut Gulch watershed; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Undiscovered oil and gas resources and leasing status of forest lands in Wyoming AN - 50214554; 1994-048924 JF - Guidebook - Wyoming Geological Association AU - Holm, Melody R AU - Powers, Richard B AU - Dolton, Gordon L AU - Law, Ben E AU - Fox, James E AU - Dersch, John S A2 - Stroock, Betty A2 - Andrew, Sam Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 375 EP - 385 PB - Wyoming Geological Association, Casper, WY VL - [44] SN - 0160-2829, 0160-2829 KW - United States KW - leasing KW - forests KW - petroleum KW - public lands KW - cost KW - recovery KW - Wyoming KW - potential deposits KW - energy sources KW - economics KW - land use KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50214554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guidebook+-+Wyoming+Geological+Association&rft.atitle=Undiscovered+oil+and+gas+resources+and+leasing+status+of+forest+lands+in+Wyoming&rft.au=Holm%2C+Melody+R%3BPowers%2C+Richard+B%3BDolton%2C+Gordon+L%3BLaw%2C+Ben+E%3BFox%2C+James+E%3BDersch%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=Melody&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=%5B44%5D&rft.issue=&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Guidebook+-+Wyoming+Geological+Association&rft.issn=01602829&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Wyoming Geological Association jubilee anniversary field conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WGGCAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost; economics; energy sources; forests; land use; leasing; petroleum; potential deposits; public lands; recovery; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil horizon use by the U. S. Soil Survey AN - 50202903; 1995-001850 JF - Catena (Giessen) AU - Arnold, R W AU - Eswaran, H A2 - FitzPatrick, E. A. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 375 EP - 381 PB - Catena-Verlag Rohdenburg, Cremlingen-Destedt VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - nomenclature KW - classification KW - horizons KW - pedons KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50202903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.atitle=Soil+horizon+use+by+the+U.+S.+Soil+Survey&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W%3BEswaran%2C+H&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03418162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Meeting / International Society of Soil Science, Commission V N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CIJPD3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; horizons; methods; nomenclature; pedons; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wind erosion prediction and control AN - 26330112; 2001-34-006219 (CE); 0074585 (EN); 0074585 (CI) AB - Few regions of the United States are entirely safe from wind erosion. Whenever the soil surface is loose and dry with limited crop residue cover, and the wind sufficiently strong, soil erosion will occur. Soil erosion by wind causes diffuse pollution, loss of topsoil, reduced crop production, and damage to both public and private facilities. Factors contributing to the wind erosion process can vary daily. This complex process presents a challenge to the science of wind erosion prediction and control. USDA Agricultural Research Service is developing a new Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) to overcome the limitations of the existing Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ). WEPS is a computer based model with submodels for crops, soils, tillage, erosion, weather, hydrology, and decomposition. USDA Soil Conservation Service assisted with the characterization of changes in the temporal soil properties of the tillage zone and ground surface and erosion rates at a validation site in the Great Lakes region. The results of the data collection for the soils and erosion submodels and a discussion of a windbreak demonstration site show the dynamic nature of the wind erosion process. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Nanney, R D AU - Fryrear, D W AU - Zobeck, T M AD - Soil Conservation Service, Crown Point, IN, USA PY - 1993 SP - 519 EP - 527 PB - I W A PUBLISHING, Alliance House, 12 Caxton St, London, SW1H 0QS, UK, [mailto:publications@iwap.co.uk], [URL:http://www.iwapublishing.com] VL - 28 IS - 3/5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Erosion mechanisms KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Crops KW - Mathematical models KW - Topsoil KW - Windbreaks KW - Tillage KW - Farms KW - Hydrology KW - Water pollution KW - Decomposition KW - Climatology KW - Air pollution KW - Wind effects KW - Soil conservation KW - Forecasting KW - Computer simulation KW - Agriculture KW - Article KW - EE 443.1:Atmospheric Properties KW - EE 821.3:Agricultural Methods KW - EE 723.5:Computer Applications KW - EE 641.3:Mass Transfer KW - EE 731.1:CONTROL SYSTEMS (EN) KW - EE 453:WATER POLLUTION KW - EE 641.3:MASS TRANSFER KW - EE 731.1:Control Systems (CI) KW - EE 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - EE 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - EE 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26330112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Wind+erosion+prediction+and+control&rft.au=Nanney%2C+R+D%3BFryrear%2C+D+W%3BZobeck%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Nanney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F5&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies using an airborne laser altimeter to measure landscape properties. AN - 26241517; 2001-61-001646 (CE); 2001-11-052465 (MT); 0085342 (EN) AB - Vertical surface properties of the landscape were measured using a laser altimeter mounted in a small twin-engine aeroplane. The laser altimeter makes 4000 measurements per second with a vertical recording precision of 0.05 m for a single measurement. These airborne laser measurements were analysed to provide information on topography, vegetation canopy and stream and gully cross-sections. Laser altimeter data were used to measure small (less than 0.20 m deep) and large gullies and stream cross-sections. Vegetation canopy heights, cover, structure and distribution were determined in studies in Texas and Arizona. Laser measurements of vegetation cover and height were significantly correlated with ground measurements made with line-intercept methods. While conventional ground-based techniques may be used to make all these measurements, airborne laser altimeter techniques allow the data to be collected in a quick and efficient way over large and inaccessible areas. The airborne laser altimeter data can also help quantify various land surface parameters needed for natural resource and landscape management or required by hydrological simulation models. Measurements of landscape properties over large areas provide a better understanding of landscape functions and can lead to the development of better management plans to conserve and improve the productivity of natural resources. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal AU - Ritchie, Jerry C AU - Jackson, Thomas J AU - Garbrecht, Jurgen D AU - Grissinger, Earl H AU - Murphey, Joseph B AU - Everitt, James H AU - Escobar, David E AU - Davis, Michael R AU - Weltz, Mark A AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA PY - 1993 SP - 403 EP - 415 PB - I A H S PRESS, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK, [mailto:zkundze@man.poznan.pl], [URL:http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/] VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Lasers KW - Altimeters KW - Landscapes KW - Vegetation KW - Management KW - Cross sections KW - Canopies KW - Gullies KW - Height KW - Streams KW - Natural resources KW - Precision KW - Correlation analysis KW - Computer simulation KW - Topography KW - Land KW - Recording KW - Mathematical models KW - Airplanes KW - Article KW - EE 943.3:SPECIAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENTS (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26241517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal&rft.atitle=Studies+using+an+airborne+laser+altimeter+to+measure+landscape+properties.&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+Jerry+C%3BJackson%2C+Thomas+J%3BGarbrecht%2C+Jurgen+D%3BGrissinger%2C+Earl+H%3BMurphey%2C+Joseph+B%3BEveritt%2C+James+H%3BEscobar%2C+David+E%3BDavis%2C+Michael+R%3BWeltz%2C+Mark+A&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - II. Snow hydrology processes and remote sensing. AN - 26074700; 2001-34-001683 (CE); 2001-14-008709 (MT); 0052747 (EN) AB - In the last 20 years remote sensing research has led to significant progress in monitoring and measuring certain snow hydrology processes. Snow distribution in a drainage basin can be adequately assessed by visible sensors. Although there are still some interpretation problems, the NOAA-AVHRR sensor can provide frequent views of the areal snow cover in a basin, and snow cover maps are produced operationally by the National Weather Service on about 3000 drainage basins in North America. Measurement of snow accumulation or snow water equivalent with microwave remote sensing has great potential because of the capabilities for depth penetration, all-weather observation and night-time viewing. Several critical areas of research remain, namely, the acquisition of snow grain size information for input to microwave models and improvement in passive microwave resolution from space. Methods that combine both airborne gamma ray and visible satellite remote sensing of the snowpack with field measurements also hold promise for determining areal snow water equivalent. Some remote sensing techniques can also be used to detect different stages of snow metamorphism. Various aspects of snowpack ripening can be detected using microwave and thermal infra-red capabilities. The capabilities for measurement of snow albedo and surface temperature have direct application in both snow metamorphism and snowpack energy balance studies. The potentially most profitable research area here is the study of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function to improve snow albedo measurements. Most of the remote sensing capabilities in snow hydrology have been developed for improving snowmelt-run-off forecasting. Most applications have used the input of snow cover extent to deterministic models, both of the degree day and energy balance types. Snowmelt-run-off forecasts using satellite derived snow cover depletion curves and the models have been successfully made. As the extraction of additional snow cover characteristics becomes possible, remote sensing will have an even greater impact on snow hydrology. Important remote sensing capabilities will become available in the next 20 years through space platform observing systems that will improve our capability to observe the snowpack on an operational basis. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Rango, Albert AD - USDA Hydrology Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA PY - 1993 SP - 121 EP - 138 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd , Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex, PO19 1UD, UK, [mailto:cs-journals@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.interscience.wiley.com] VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Remote sensing KW - Mathematical models KW - Snowpack KW - Hydrology KW - Microwaves KW - Drainage basins KW - Balancing KW - Albedo KW - Equivalence KW - Satellites (artificial) KW - Sensors KW - Space stations KW - Reflectivity KW - Grain size KW - Monitoring KW - Forecasting KW - Surface temperature KW - Airborne sensing KW - Marketing KW - Article KW - EE 444.1:SURFACE WATER KW - EE 454.1:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GENERAL) (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26074700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=II.+Snow+hydrology+processes+and+remote+sensing.&rft.au=Rango%2C+Albert&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of experimental removal of woody debris on the channel morphology of a forest, gravel-bed stream AN - 26024991; 2001-34-001728 (CE); 0102129 (EN) AB - Experimental removal of woody debris from a small, gravel-bed stream in a forested basin resulted in dramatic redistribution of bed sediment and changes in bed topography. Removal of debris changed the primary flow path, thereby altering the size and location of bars and pools and causing local bank erosion and channel widening. Marked bed adjustments occurred almost immediately following experimental treatment in May 1987 and continued through to the end of the study period in 1991. Increased bed material mobility was attributable to destabilization of sediment storage sites by removal of debris, buttresses, elimination of low-energy, backwater environment related to debris, and an infrared increase in the boundary shear stress resulting from the removal of debris-related flow resistance. In contrast to these changes, which favored sediment mobilization, deposition was favored by the elimination of debris-related scouring turbulence and by increased flow resistance from a developing sequence of alternate bars. A more regularly spaced sequence of alternate bars replaced the pretreatment bar sequence, whose location, size, and shape had been strongly influenced by large woody debris as well as by bank projections and channel curvature. Following initial readjustment of the stream bed during the first posttreatment year, loss of scouring turbulence and increased flow resistance from alternate bars resulted in deposition of approximately 44 m super(3) of sediment within the 96m study reach. The loss of 5.2 m super(3) to bank erosion left a net increase in sediment storage of 39 m super(3). Mean spacing of thalweg cross-overs and pools did not change measurably following debris removal, although variability of spacing between thalweg cross-overs tended to decrease with time as location of bars stabilized. No consistent pattern of change in mean residual depth of pools or in distribution of depths occurred within the first 4 years following debris removal. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Smith, R D AU - Sidle, R C AU - Porter, P E AU - Noel, J R AD - USDA, Juneau, AK, USA PY - 1993 SP - 153 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 152 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Debris KW - Bars KW - Sediments KW - Streams KW - Position (location) KW - Pools KW - Topography KW - Turbulence KW - Hydrology KW - Bank erosion KW - Adjustment KW - Scouring KW - Basins KW - Forests KW - Morphology KW - Deposition KW - Article KW - EE 444.1:SURFACE WATER (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26024991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+experimental+removal+of+woody+debris+on+the+channel+morphology+of+a+forest%2C+gravel-bed+stream&rft.au=Smith%2C+R+D%3BSidle%2C+R+C%3BPorter%2C+P+E%3BNoel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computer-controlled spray chill unit for red meat carcasses. AN - 25956055; 0044993 (EN); 0044993 (CI) AB - A computer controlled and operated spray chill unit which can be used in future research studies for both spray chilling and decontamination of red meat carcasses is described. The unit consists of two parts: (1) an electromechanical system, and (2) a data acquisition/control system. Design concepts for the spray chill system are (1) versatility, (2) rapid change of spray parameters, and (3) computer control of the electromechanical system. An added feature is the computer data collection system for recording information related to each carcass (pH of muscle, surface and internal tissue temperatures, and weights of each half carcass during the cooling cycle; velocity, temperature, and humidity of the chill cooler air) and environmental data related to spraying conditions (time and duration of spray period and temperature of sprayed solution). JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Anderson, ME AU - Dickson, J S AU - Hulse, M M AU - Drummond, ST AU - Crouse, J D AU - Marshall, R T AD - USDA-ARS Animal Physiology, Colombia, MO, USA PY - 1993 SP - 91 EP - 95 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Decontamination KW - Dehydration KW - Quality control KW - Sanitation KW - Computer applications KW - Freezing KW - Protective atmospheres KW - Data acquisition KW - Article KW - EE 723.2:Data Processing KW - EE 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - EE 723.5:Computer Applications KW - EE 802.2:Chemical Reactions KW - EE 821.4:Agricultural Products KW - EE 913.3:QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL KW - EE 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - EE 723.2:DATA PROCESSING (EN) KW - EE 913.3:Quality Assurance and Control KW - EE 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25956055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Computer-controlled+spray+chill+unit+for+red+meat+carcasses.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+ME%3BDickson%2C+J+S%3BHulse%2C+M+M%3BDrummond%2C+ST%3BCrouse%2C+J+D%3BMarshall%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater response to snowmelt in a mountainous watershed. Testing of a conceptual model AN - 25403476; 0102131 (EN); 0102131 (CI) AB - Snowmelt recharge to shallow (less than 25 m) groundwater systems is the primary source of streamflow in many mountainous watersheds, but characteristics of these systems are not well understood. Response time between snowmelt , piezometers and streamflow in the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed differs drastically from year to year depending on the extent of recharge from the snowmelt. This is believed to be caused by groundwater flow becoming confined during years with normal or above normal snowmelt recharge. A two-dimensional, variably saturated, groundwater model was applied to 3 years of data to validate the computer model and to test the conceptual model of the basin. Groundwater response measured in piezometers was simulated quite accurately when a confining layer (observed in drilling logs) was included, but not when the confining layer was omitted. Simulation results give credence to the variably saturated groundwater model, support the conceptual model of the basin, and improve our understanding of the shallow groundwater system in this mountainous watershed. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Flerchinger, G N AU - Deng, Y AU - Cooley, K R AD - USDA, Boise, ID, USA PY - 1993 SP - 201 EP - 214 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 152 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Melting KW - Watersheds KW - Testing KW - Computer simulation KW - Article KW - EE 444.2:Groundwater KW - EE 443.3:Precipitation KW - EE 723.1:Computer Programming (CI) KW - EE 444.2:GROUNDWATER (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25403476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Groundwater+response+to+snowmelt+in+a+mountainous+watershed.+Testing+of+a+conceptual+model&rft.au=Flerchinger%2C+G+N%3BDeng%2C+Y%3BCooley%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Flerchinger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the Burner Source Used in the ASTM Room Fire Test AN - 21252202; 11632157 AB - Modeling fire growth over wall linings in a compartment requires experimental data and a model of the fire source. Limited information is available for flames against a wall or in a corner. Steady- state experiments were conducted to characterize the corner ignition source used in the proposed ASTM room fire standard at two heat release rate levels, 40 kW and 160 kW, with natural gas and a mixture of natural gas and toluene as the fuel. Flame height, heat flux to wall, temperature, velocity, mass and enthalpy flux, and flame structure were measured primarily in the flaming region. Correlation calculations included flame height as a function of heat release rate, and temperature, velocity, and mass flux for corner flames as a function of heat release rate and height. JF - Journal of Fire Protection Engineering AU - Tran, Hao C AU - Janssens, Marc L AD - USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory2 One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison, WI 53705-2398; USDA Forest Service, 14th and Independence SW, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090 Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 53 EP - 66 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1042-3915, 1042-3915 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Fuels KW - Toluene KW - Temperature KW - Velocity KW - Natural gas KW - Heat transfer KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fire+Protection+Engineering&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+Burner+Source+Used+in+the+ASTM+Room+Fire+Test&rft.au=Tran%2C+Hao+C%3BJanssens%2C+Marc+L&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Hao&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fire+Protection+Engineering&rft.issn=10423915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F104239159300500202 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Toluene; Fuels; Temperature; Velocity; Natural gas; Heat transfer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104239159300500202 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration and Use of the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) in the GIS Environment AN - 19247932; 9310827 AB - NLEAP is a national screening model for identification of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching hot spots. The original model was point-based for use on a field by field basis with its own databases, user template files, and output analysis package. Application of the model across larger geographical areas such as aquifer systems, drainage basins, counties, and conservation districts requires the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology in conjunction with the existing model. Test cases run for the Sycamore Creek Watershed in Michigan and the South Platte drainage basin in eastern Colorado have demonstrated the feasibility and utility of using NLEAP in the GIS environment to identify NO3-N leaching hot spots across large areas. In particular, the NLEAP NO3-N Leached (NL) index was significantly correlated with regional groundwater NO3-N concentrations in eastern Colorado. Automation of the NLEAP-GIS interface is under development with emphasis placed on an updated NLEAP model that can run in conjunction with a range of existing (and future) GIS software tools both in the UNIX (e.g. GRASS) and DOS (e.g. IDRISI) systems. (See also W94-01146) (Author's abstract) JF - In: Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1993. p 5-28 - 5-35, 1 fig, 23 ref. AU - Shaffer, MJ AU - Brodahl, M K AU - Wylie, B K AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains System Research Unit, P.O. Box E, 301 S. Howes, Fort Collins, CO Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Computer models KW - *Geographic information systems KW - *Leaching KW - *Model studies KW - *Nitrates KW - *Nonpoint pollution sources KW - *Path of pollutants KW - *Water pollution sources KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Colorado KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Mathematical models KW - Michigan KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19247932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integration+and+Use+of+the+Nitrate+Leaching+and+Economic+Analysis+Package+%28NLEAP%29+in+the+GIS+Environment&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+MJ%3BBrodahl%2C+M+K%3BWylie%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SNOTEL AN - 19247892; 9310810 AB - Conceptual hydrologic modeling is being investigated by the USDA/Soil Conservation Service (SCS) to improve decision making by Western water resource managers. These models are data intensive and generally intolerant of problems with data availability, quality, or format. Data from the automated SNOpack TELemetry (SNOTEL) system and the data management capabilities of the Centralized Forecasting System (CFS) plays a vital role in conceptual modeling for water supply forecasting. The SCS data collection and management systems have the characteristics and proven reliability to support conceptual hydrologic modeling. SNOTEL is designed to operate in severe environments unattended for at least 12 yr. System performance averages > 98%. Three characteristics of the data from SNOTEL are particularly important: (1) data site distribution (the 570 SNOTEL sites are distributed throughout the major snowpack areas at critical elevations); (2) data time steps (SNOTEL is polled daily and more frequently when needed); (3) data to validate and update simulated values. (See also W94-01146) (Author's abstract) JF - In: Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1993. p 2-30 - 2-34, 5 ref. AU - Johnson, DE AD - Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting, USDA/Soil Conservation Service, 511 NW Broadway, Room 248, Portland, OR Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Data acquisition KW - *Network design KW - *SNOTEL Model KW - *Snowpack KW - *Telemetry KW - Data quality control KW - Data storage and retrieval KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Model studies KW - Remote sensing KW - Water supply KW - Western United States KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19247892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=SNOTEL&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Disparity Detected in Hydrologic Soil Grouping AN - 19245443; 9310833 AB - While attempting to hydrologically model a potentially hazardous embankment using the Soil Conservation Service's TR-20 computer program, a fallacy in the hydrologic soil grouping (HSG) of the soils of the watershed was found. The runoff curve number (RCN) (directly related to the HSG was examined while trying to simulate two different flood stages behind the embankment resulting from two separate storms. The model substantially overpredicted flood stages behind the embankment using standard procedures for the determination of both time of concentration (Tc) and RCN. Although the Tc was altered slightly, resulting in a minor lowering of floodstages, the RCN was significantly decreased (from 69 to 56) to produce the anticipated floodstages in the reservoir when running the two simulations. An on-site investigation revealed that some of the soils in the watershed should have their HSG reclassified. Reanalyzing the RCN using the results of the soils investigation resulted in a RCN of 56 which was expected. The investigation gives credibility to the use of the SCS TR-20 computer program as a valid hydrologic model. (See also W94-01146) (Author's abstract) JF - In: Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1993. p 5-70 - 5-73, 5 ref. AU - Cerrelli, G A AD - USDA-Soil Conservation Service, 339 Busch's Frontage Rd., Suite 301, Annapolis, MD Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Computer models KW - *Dam stability KW - *Hydrologic models KW - *Model studies KW - *Soil classification KW - *Soil properties KW - Earth dams KW - Earthworks KW - Mathematical models KW - Runoff KW - Storm runoff KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19245443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=A+Disparity+Detected+in+Hydrologic+Soil+Grouping&rft.au=Cerrelli%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Cerrelli&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling for Water Supply Forecasting in the West AN - 19245134; 9310840 AB - The USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is one of several federal agencies providing seasonal streamflow volume forecasts in the western United States. In an effort to improve its services and offer additional forecast products, the SCS has been improving regression forecasting techniques and has begun developing the capability to use conceptual hydrologic models. The new regression techniques can give significantly greater forecast accuracy than past practice, especially early in the forecast season. Conceptual modeling capability has begun with the development of a mean areal precipitation and temperature procedure based on an explicit accounting for orographic effects and optimal interpolation (kriging). Model comparison studies and experiments are underway to identify a model to implement that is appropriately conceptualized for this application and can be easily and robustly calibrated. The model will be used in a workstation-based, windowing computer environment. Future work will involve the development of stochastic precipitation and temperature models that will provide the future climate scenarios to use as input to the hydrologic model for the forecast period, and the development of decision support tools to enhance agricultural water management based on streamflow forecasts. (See also W94-01146) (Author's abstract) JF - In: Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1993. p 6-1 - 6-8, 21 ref. AU - Garen, D C AD - USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Water Supply Forecasting Staff, 511 NW Broadway, Room 248, Portland, OR Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Forecasting KW - *Hydrologic models KW - *Model studies KW - *Planning KW - *Streamflow forecasting KW - *Western United States KW - Agricultural water KW - Areal precipitation KW - Computer models KW - Kriging KW - Mathematical models KW - Orographic precipitation KW - Precipitation KW - Temperature KW - Water resources management KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19245134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+for+Water+Supply+Forecasting+in+the+West&rft.au=Garen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host protein(s) induces accumulation of the toxin cercosporin and mRNA in a phytopathogenic strain of Cercospora kikuchii AN - 17064110; 3889505 AB - Cercospora kikuchii strain S2 produces the important pathogenicity factor cercosporin in infected soybeans and in potato dextrose broth. In contrast, S2 accumulates virtually no cercosporin in a complete medium (CM) broth, a medium containing salts, yeast extract and casamino acids. In this study we show that CM cultures supplemented with aqueous extracts of soybean leaves or meal accumulated between 5 to 65 fold higher levels of cercosporin than unsupplemented cultures. Autoclaving or treating extracts with proteinase K severely attenuated their stimulatory properties, indicating soybean protein was necessary for cercosporin production in CM. Other proteins tested failed to stimulate cercosporin synthesis. The inducing effect of leaf extracts increased as plants underwent reproductive development, but fell sharply at seed set. Conditioning experiments demonstrated that stimulation of cercosporin accumulation was not due to alteration of the medium by the extract. Accumulation of a transcript whose expression is strongly correlated with cercosporin synthesis was enhanced in the presence of native soybean meal extract, but decreased when extracts were autoclaved or digested. Accumulation of other cercosporin-related transcripts also increased in the presence of native extracts, but were more strongly induced by autoclaved or digested extracts. Our data suggest that C. kikuchii responds to soybean protein(s) with increased cercosporin production and changes in transcript accumulation. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Ehrenshaft, M AU - Upchurch, R G AD - ARS/USDA, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 95 EP - 107 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Cercospora kikuchii KW - cercosporin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - pathogenicity KW - proteins KW - mRNA KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17064110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Host+protein%28s%29+induces+accumulation+of+the+toxin+cercosporin+and+mRNA+in+a+phytopathogenic+strain+of+Cercospora+kikuchii&rft.au=Ehrenshaft%2C+M%3BUpchurch%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Ehrenshaft&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mRNA; proteins; pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assimilation of super(15)N sub(2) and super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) by partially nitrate tolerant nodulation mutants of soybean AN - 17063524; 3883775 AB - Growth-chamber studies were conducted to evaluate nitrogen assimilation by three hypernodulated soybean [Glycine max] mutants (NOD1-3, NOD2-4, NOD3-7) and the Williams parent. Seeds were inoculated at planting and transplanted at day 7 to nutrient solution with 1 mol m super(-3) urea (optimizes nodule formation) or 5 mol m super(-3) NO sub(3) super(-) (inhibits nodule formation). At 25 d after planting, separate plants were exposed to super(15)N sub(2) or super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) for 3 to 48 h to evaluate N sub(2) fixation and NO sub(3) super(-) assimilation. Plant growth was less for hypernodulated mutants than for Williams with both NO sub(3) super(-) and urea nutrition. The major portion of symbiotically fixed super(15)N was rapidly assimilated (30 min) into an ethanol-soluble fraction, but by 24 h after treatment the ethanol-insoluble fraction in each plant part was most strongly labelled. Distribution patterns of super(15)N among organs were very similar among lines for both N growth treatments after a 24 h super(15)N sub(2) fixation period; approximate distributions were 40% in nodules, 12% in roots, 14% in stems, and 34% in leaves. With urea-grown plants the total mg super(15)N fixed plant super(-1) 24 h super(-1) was 1 times 18 (Williams), 1 times 40 (NOD1-3), 1 times 07 (NOD2-4), and 0 times 80 (NOD3-7). The 5 mol m super(-3) NO sub(3) super(-) treatment resulted in a 95 to 97% decrease in nodule mass and super(15)N sub(2) fixation by Williams, while the three mutants retained 30 to 40% of the nodule mass and 17 to 19% of the super(15)N sub(2) fixation of respective urea-grown controls. The hypernodulated mutants, which had restricted root growth, absorbed less super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) than Williams, irrespective of prior N growth condition. The super(15)N from super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) was primarily retained in the soluble fraction of all plant parts through 24 h. The super(15)N incorporation studies confirmed that nodule development is less sensitive to external NO sub(3) super(-) in mutant lines than in the Williams parent, and provide evidence that subsequent metabolism and distribution within the plant was not different among lines. These results further confirm that the hypernodulated mutants of Williams are similar in many respects to the hyper- or supernodulated mutants in the Bragg background, and suggest that a common mutational event affecting autoregulatory control of nodulation has been targeted. JF - Journal of Experimental Botany AU - Ohyama, T AU - Nicholas, J C AU - Harper, JE AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Physiol. Genet. Res. Unit, Univ. Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1739 EP - 1747 VL - 44 IS - 269 SN - 0022-0957, 0022-0957 KW - nitrogen KW - nitrogen oxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - nitrogen cycle KW - uptake KW - nodulation KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17063524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Assimilation+of+super%2815%29N+sub%282%29+and+super%2815%29NO+sub%283%29+super%28-%29+by+partially+nitrate+tolerant+nodulation+mutants+of+soybean&rft.au=Ohyama%2C+T%3BNicholas%2C+J+C%3BHarper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Ohyama&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=269&rft.spage=1739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00220957&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; nitrogen cycle; uptake; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of reductant level in skeletal muscle and liver on the rate of loss of thiamin due to gamma -radiation AN - 17024295; 3867173 AB - A study was made of thiamin content of the skeletal muscles and livers of pork, chicken and beef after gamma -irradiation. gamma -Radiation from a super(137)Cs source was used to irradiate the samples with doses of 0, 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 kGy at 2 degree C. Samples were also titrated with dichlorophenolindophenol to determine the reducing capacity of the tissues. The rate of loss of thiamin upon irradiation was found to be about three time as as fast in skeletal muscle as it was in liver, and to be a function of the reducing capacity of the tissues, the loss decreasing with increasing reductant titer. For the same amount of thiamin loss, liver could be irradiated to three times the dose as could muscle. (DBO) JF - International Journal of Radiation Biology AU - Fox, JB Jr AU - Lakritz, L AU - Thayer, D W AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., Food Safety Res. Unit, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 305 EP - 309 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0955-3002, 0955-3002 KW - thiamine KW - chickens KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - beef KW - meat KW - pork KW - liver KW - gamma radiation KW - skeletal muscle KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Radiation+Biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+reductant+level+in+skeletal+muscle+and+liver+on+the+rate+of+loss+of+thiamin+due+to+gamma+-radiation&rft.au=Fox%2C+JB+Jr%3BLakritz%2C+L%3BThayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=JB&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Radiation+Biology&rft.issn=09553002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gamma radiation; skeletal muscle; liver; beef; pork; meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete sordida to treat creosote-contaminated soil AN - 17013854; 3848739 AB - A field study to determine the ability of selected lignin-degrading fungi to remediate soil contaminated with creosote was performed at a wood-treating facility in south central Mississippi in the autumn of 1991. The effects of solid-phase bioremediation with Phanerochaete sordida and of two control treatments on soil concentrations of 14 priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components of creosote were followed for 56 days. PAH analytes containing greater than or equal to 5 rings persisted at their original concentrations in all treatments. However, depletion of 3-ring (85-95%) and 4-ring (24-72%) analytes after 56 days was greater in the fungal treatment than in control treatments in all cases. This finding demonstrates the potential of lignin-degrading fungi in the solid-phase bioremediation of creosote-contaminated soils. However, the persistence of the larger analytes represents a significant challenge to this developing technology. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Davis, M W AU - Glaser, JA AU - Evans, J W AU - Lamar, R T AD - Inst. Microb. and Biochem. Technol., For. Prod. Lab., USDA, For. Serv., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2572 EP - 2576 VL - 27 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Phanerochaete sordida KW - lignin KW - creosote KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+the+lignin-degrading+fungus+Phanerochaete+sordida+to+treat+creosote-contaminated+soil&rft.au=Davis%2C+M+W%3BGlaser%2C+JA%3BEvans%2C+J+W%3BLamar%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; soil; soil remediation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-phase treatment of a pentachlorophenol-contaminated soil using lignin-degrading fungi AN - 17009431; 3848740 AB - The abilities of three lignin-degrading fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phanerochaete sordida, and Trametes hirsuta, to deplete pentachlorophenol (PCP) from soil contaminated with PCP and creosote were evaluated. A total of seven fungal and three control treatments were examined for their effect on the soil PCP concentration over eight weeks in two complementary field treatability studies at the Brookhaven Wood Preserving Facility in Brookhaven, MS. The fungi were applied to the soil as pure or mixed cultures at several different inoculum loading levels (inoculum:soil, w/w, dry). Inoculation of soil that contained 672 mu g g super(-1) PCP and 4017 mu g g super(-1) total measured polynuclear aromatic components of creosote with P. sordida at 10% resulted in the greatest decrease in PCP concentration (89%). PCP decreases by P. chrysosporium (67%-72%) or T. hirsuta (55%) at the same inoculum loading level were less extensive. The results of this study demonstrate that with further development, bioaugmentation using lignin-degrading fungi has the potential to be a viable treatment option for the remediation of PCP-contaminated soils. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Lamar, R T AU - Evans, J W AU - Glaser, JA AD - For. Prod. Lab., USDA, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2566 EP - 2571 VL - 27 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - pentachlorophenol KW - lignin KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - Phanerochaete KW - Trametes hirsuta KW - contamination KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Solid-phase+treatment+of+a+pentachlorophenol-contaminated+soil+using+lignin-degrading+fungi&rft.au=Lamar%2C+R+T%3BEvans%2C+J+W%3BGlaser%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Lamar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete; Trametes hirsuta; soil; contamination; biodegradation; soil remediation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating daily nutrient fluxes to a large piedmont reservoir from limited tributary data AN - 16992990; 3831711 AB - Physically based models of lakes require estimates of daily, spatially varied water and nutrient fluxes into the lake from surrounding watersheds. Often, however, only a selected set of streams are periodically (monthly or biweekly) sampled. The objective of this study was to develop and test a method for estimating daily flux of nutrients into a large reservoir using data from sampling of selected watersheds. Flow rate, nitrate (NO sub(3)-N), total nitrogen (TN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured monthly during 1991 for eight watersheds that feed Lake Lanier in northern Georgia. Daily stream flow in the eight streams was correlated to data from nearby USGS gauged stream stations, and daily nutrient concentrations were related to watershed land use and monthly variation in measured concentrations. Fraction of agricultural land in the watershed (AG) was the only land use parameter that correlated to nonpoint-source loads. Coefficients of determination for linear regressions between AG and NO sub(3)-N, TN, SRP, TP, and COD were 0.74, 0.73, 0.47, 0.84, and 0.52, respectively. The relationships were tested on an independent data set consisting of two samples from 19 additional streams. Coefficients of determination (r super(2)) between measured and predicted data for the independent test data was 0.77, 0.52, 0.66, 0.64, 0.69, and 0.76 for stream flow, NO sub(3)-N, TN, SRP, TP, and COD, respectively. Percentages of nutrient loads attributable to nonpoint-source loads ranged between 76% for TN to 92% for TP and COD, whereas those attributable to agricultural nonpoint source were about 15% for COD, 28% for TN, 34% for NO sub(3)-N, 40% for TP, and 70% for SRP. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Nearing, MA AU - Risse, R M AU - Rogers, L F AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 Soil Bldg., W. Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 666 EP - 671 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - data interpretation KW - estimating KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - nutrients KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - pollution monitoring KW - reservoirs KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - tributaries KW - USA, Georgia, Lanier L. KW - chemical oxygen demand KW - water quality control KW - land use KW - regression analysis KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16992990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Estimating+daily+nutrient+fluxes+to+a+large+piedmont+reservoir+from+limited+tributary+data&rft.au=Nearing%2C+MA%3BRisse%2C+R+M%3BRogers%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution monitoring; nutrients (mineral); water quality control; chemical oxygen demand; tributaries; regression analysis; land use; nutrients; reservoirs; nonpoint pollution sources; data interpretation; estimating; USA, Georgia, Lanier L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of DNA polymorphisms in predatory Coccinellids using polymerase chain reaction and arbitrary primers (RAPD-PCR) AN - 16986770; 3629672 AB - DNA polymorphisms were identified in some Coccinellid predators that are being tested as biological control agents against aphids and other insects in North America. The technique employs a variation of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), called RAPD-PCR, that uses single arbitrarily selected primers to amplify a random group of genomic sequences. Using this technique it was possible to distinguish among laboratory reared colonies of diverse geographic origin. Several colonies each, of three species were examined (Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata, and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata). It was also possible to distinguish C. septempunctata from a closely related species C. transversoguttata biinterrupta. The technique promises to be a very useful source of markers for maintaining colonies and tracking genes in biological control projects and in identifying species and immature stages of insects. JF - Entomophaga AU - Roehrdanz, R L AU - Flanders, R V AD - USDA-ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., PO Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 479 EP - 491 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - genetic markers KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Coccinellidae KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16986770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Detection+of+DNA+polymorphisms+in+predatory+Coccinellids+using+polymerase+chain+reaction+and+arbitrary+primers+%28RAPD-PCR%29&rft.au=Roehrdanz%2C+R+L%3BFlanders%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Roehrdanz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; genetic markers; polymerase chain reaction; DNA fingerprinting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of bluetongue virus from blood of infected sheep by use of an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after amplification of the virus in cell culture AN - 16981534; 3624736 AB - An antigen-capture ELISA was used to detect bluetongue virus (BTV) from blood of infected sheep. A rabbit-origin capture antibody and a mouse-origin detection antibody combined with biotin-avidin amplification were used for the assay. The antigen-capture ELISA could not detect virus directly from the blood of infected sheep because of low virus titer. To enhance detection, virus from infected blood was amplified in cell culture. Virus could then be detected from cell culture supernatant fluids, using the ELISA. This amplification step increased the sensitivity of the assay comparable to that of assays performed in cell culture measuring cytopathic effects. The ELISA procedure was specific for BTV and did not mistakenly identify the antigenically related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. The antigen-capture ELISA permitted indirect quantitation and identification of BTV from the blood of infected sheep. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Mecham, JO AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Arthopod-borne Anim. Dis. Res. Lab., Laramie, WY 82071, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 370 EP - 372 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - sheep KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - gene amplification KW - blood KW - bluetongue virus KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods KW - V 22091:Immunological techniques & reagents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+bluetongue+virus+from+blood+of+infected+sheep+by+use+of+an+antigen-capture+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+after+amplification+of+the+virus+in+cell+culture&rft.au=Mecham%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Mecham&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; gene amplification; blood; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; bluetongue virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of carbohydrate cryoprotecting agents on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in surimi-meat frankfurters AN - 16979806; 3632395 AB - Previous investigations of frankfurters substituted with Alaska pollock consistently showed that, after broiling, higher levels on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were found in the surimi containing frankfurters compared to those containing the corresponding washed mince. This was apparent in the 50%, but not in the 15% substituted frankfurters. The addition of the cryoprotecting agents, sucrose and sorbitol, to the washed mince to make surimi was the major difference in the two forms of fish. Model system experiments carried out, first in an aqueous pH 5.8 buffer and second, in a 50% fish-meat simulated frankfurter system indicated that the combination of sucrose-sorbitol increased and fructose-sorbitol decreased NDMA formation. Frankfurters prepared with 50% washed mince and containing different carbohydrates showed that sucrose-sorbitol gave higher NDMA values than fructose-sorbitol, even though all the carbohydrates tested gave NDMA results higher than the control. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AD - Food Saf. Res. Unit, USDA/ARS East. Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 125 EP - 132 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - N-nitrosodimethylamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pisces KW - meat products KW - frankfurters KW - seafood KW - meat KW - cryoprotectors KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24200:Nitrosamines & related compounds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16979806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Effect+of+carbohydrate+cryoprotecting+agents+on+the+formation+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+in+surimi-meat+frankfurters&rft.au=Pensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Pensabene&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisces; cryoprotectors; meat; seafood; frankfurters; meat products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection and screening of clonal isolates of the Abington strain of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus AN - 16977723; 3630632 AB - Clonal isolates of the Abington strain of the Lymantria dispar multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) were selected by plaque purification. After an initial screening for productivity of 35 clones in a continuous gypsy moth cell line (IPLB-LdFB), 17 clones were selected for further evaluation in vivo and in vitro. An eighteenth clone, LdMNPV-Ab-a624, was also included in these experiments as our "type" isolate. Based on these tests, extensive variability can be seen in the Abington isolate of the gypsy moth virus. While relatively little in vitro productivity differences were observed between the clones, two clones showed no activity in a larval bioassay while the mean lethal concentration for 50% of the test insect (LC sub(50)'s) for the other clones ranged from 2.2 x 10 super(4) to greater than 6.5 x 10 super(5) occlusion bodies per diet cup, with the a624 clone having a LC sub(50) of 1.2 x 10 super(5). The LT sub(50)'s (time for half the larvae to die) varied from 9.8 to 18.7 days in these clones with a624 having a LT sub(50) of 13.5 days. While certain advantages exist for the use of clones in biopesticide production schemes, the results of this study indicate careful screening of isolates should be made to ensure an acceptable products. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lynn, DE AU - Shapiro, M AU - Dougherty, E M AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Service, BARC-West, Build. 011A, Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 191 EP - 195 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - biological control KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16977723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Selection+and+screening+of+clonal+isolates+of+the+Abington+strain+of+gypsy+moth+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus&rft.au=Lynn%2C+DE%3BShapiro%2C+M%3BDougherty%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; cell culture; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a Brucella abortus RecA mutant and its survival in mice AN - 16970614; 3623419 AB - To determine if RecA plays a role in the virulence of Brucella abortus, a B. abortus RecA mutant was constructed and its survival was examined in mice. The recA gene was cloned from a B. abortus genomic DNA library by complementation of an Escherichia coli recA mutant in the presence of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The nucleotide sequence of recA was determined and the deduced protein sequence possesses extensive conservation with other RecA proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. A deletion plasmid was constructed in a suicide vector by deleting a segment of recA and inserting a kanamycin resistance gene. The deletion plasmid was introduced into B. abortus strain 2308, a virulent strain, by electroporation. The results indicate that RecA is not crucial for persistence of B. abortus in mice. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Tatum, F M AU - Morfitt, D C AU - Halling, S M AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - RecA protein KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Brucella abortus KW - survival KW - construction KW - mutants KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16970614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+Brucella+abortus+RecA+mutant+and+its+survival+in+mice&rft.au=Tatum%2C+F+M%3BMorfitt%2C+D+C%3BHalling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Tatum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; mutants; construction; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permanent gases inside healthy and microbially infected cotton fruit during development AN - 16967504; 3623302 AB - Permanent gases inside developing cotton fruit (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were, by weight, 46% nitrogen, 29% oxygen, 4% argon and 20% carbon dioxide, whereas plant canopy air assayed at 73% nitrogen, 25% oxygen, 2% argon and 0.3% carbon dioxide. Light exposure, fruit age, and mild infection (Erwinia) had no compositional effect but aggressive infection (Aspergillus) raised carbon dioxide content to 31% by weight and correspondingly lowered oxygen to 17%. Respiration with oxygen replenishment except during aggressive infection accounted for the fruit gas compositions. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Jacks, T J AU - Hensarling, T P AU - Legendre, M G AU - Buco, S M AD - Southern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P. O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1284 EP - 1287 VL - 191 IS - 3 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - Aspergillus KW - analysis KW - gases KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - infection KW - Erwinia KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16967504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Permanent+gases+inside+healthy+and+microbially+infected+cotton+fruit+during+development&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J%3BHensarling%2C+T+P%3BLegendre%2C+M+G%3BBuco%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Aspergillus; Erwinia; gases; analysis; fruits; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of laboratory reared banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae), in relation to temperature AN - 16966440; 3621479 AB - The effect of temperature on hatching, larval and pupal development time and mortality of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, in a controlled laboratory environment were examined. Estimates of the optimal temperature range for development, threshold temperature, thermal constant, and degree day heat accumulations needed for development were obtained. The optimal temperature tested was 28 degree C based on the fastest development rate and lowest mortality. Temperatures in the 15-20 degree C range were considered suboptimal because mortality was high, the fifth instar diapaused, head capsule size was smaller, and the development rate was slower than at warmer temperatures up to 32 degree C. The latter temperature was near the upper end of the optimal developmental temperature range because development showed signs of a plateau and the humidity had to be raised from 45-50% to 80-90% to increase hatch and survival. Pre-diapause and post-diapause phases had different estimated threshold temperatures of 11.1 + 0.4 degree C and 15.0 + 1.0 degree C, respectively. Degree day (DD) accumulations or thermal constants for development of pre-diapause stages, post-diapausal development to the pupal stage and finally the pupal stage were 298.4 plus or minus 9.2, 403.3 plus or minus 14.0, and 128.7 plus or minus 1.3 DD, respectively. Overall, the DD requirement for development of diapause moths was 831.4 DD to develop from egg to adult. non-diapause moths needed 546.2 plus or minus 21.4 DD for development from egg to adult. The data provides basic information on the biology of banded sunflower moths and have potential for the development of predictive models of the seasonal progress of this pest insect. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Barker, J F AU - Enz, J W AD - USDA, ARS Biosci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 420 EP - 426 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - temperature KW - Lopidoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Cochylis hospes KW - Cochylidae KW - rearing KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Development+of+laboratory+reared+banded+sunflower+moth%2C+Cochylis+hospes+Walsingham+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Cochylidae%29%2C+in+relation+to+temperature&rft.au=Barker%2C+J+F%3BEnz%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochylis hospes; Cochylidae; development; rearing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presence of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:5,27 in slaughter pigs AN - 16965491; 3616357 AB - The tonsils, tongue, mesenteric lymph nodes, cecal contents, and feces from 50 slaughter pigs were evaluated for the presence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. The cecal contents and feces of two pigs were positive (4%) with the pathogenic serotype O:5,27, biotype 3, whereas all other pigs were negative for pathogenic serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. The pathogenic serotypes were isolated from the cecal contents and feces using the stomacher sampling method. The cold enrichment in phosphate buffered saline and plating in Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin medium. No pathogenic serotypes were recovered using the swab sampling technique, enrichment in Irgasan-ticarcillin-chlorate, and plating in modified Salmonella-Shigella deoxycholate-calcium chloride medium. The isolation of only 4% positive pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in our sampling of pigs in one production unit provides some encouragement that detection and control procedures might be effectively implemented to reduce or eliminate serotype 0:5,27 from that herd. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kotula, A W AU - Sharar, A K AD - Meat Sci. Res. Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 215 EP - 218 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - isolates KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16965491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Presence+of+Yersinia+enterocolitica+serotype+O%3A5%2C27+in+slaughter+pigs&rft.au=Kotula%2C+A+W%3BSharar%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Kotula&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yersinia enterocolitica; isolates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential of natural peptidic compounds as leads for novel pesticides AN - 16964156; 3616406 AB - Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the natural pesticidal peptide, tentoxin, are described in the context of similarity between pharmaceutical and agricultural methods of developing biologically active peptidomimetics. Essential residue substitutions that confer biological activity through predictable conformational changes in the peptide backbone and side chain functionalities are discussed. A combination of molecular modelling studies and the biological activity of natural, synthetic and photochemically transformed analogs of tentoxin is utilized to further the understanding of structural and conformational requirements for biological activity. Among these are the only organism in this study tentoxin produced by Alternaria alternata, and HC toxin, III, produced by Cochliobolus carbonum. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Bland, J M AU - Edwards, J V AU - Eaton AU - Lax, A R AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 331 EP - 340 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - tentoxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - structure-activity relationships KW - biological control KW - pesticides KW - Alternaria alternata KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16964156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Potential+of+natural+peptidic+compounds+as+leads+for+novel+pesticides&rft.au=Bland%2C+J+M%3BEdwards%2C+J+V%3BEaton%3BLax%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Bland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria alternata; pesticides; biological control; structure-activity relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of Salmonella enteritidis from inoculated pools of egg contents AN - 16960909; 3616348 AB - To determine whether Salmonella enteritidis (SE) could be efficiently detected in pools of egg contents, eggs were inoculated with small numbers of SE and the contents of 10 or more eggs were mixed together. After these pools were incubated, samples were transferred to culture media for isolation and identification of SE. Incubation (at either 25 or 37 degree C) of inoculated egg pools for at least 4 d before culturing resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of recovery of SE. Following inoculation of 10-egg pools with approximately 50 CFU, SE was recovered from 11% of pools before incubation and from 94% of incubated pools. Following inoculation of 10-egg pools with approximately 5 CFU, SE was recovered from none of the pools before incubation and from up to 72% of the incubated pools. Increasing the size of the pools (from 10 to 30 eggs) did not significantly affect the frequency of isolation of SE, but reducing the sample volume transferred from incubated egg pools to culture media (from 20 to 2 ml) led to a significant decrease in SE recovery. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gast, R K AD - Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 21 EP - 24 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - eggs KW - recovery KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+from+inoculated+pools+of+egg+contents&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; recovery; eggs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence implicating the lipoxygenase pathway in providing resistance to soybeans against Aspergillus flavus AN - 16959432; 3618091 AB - The fungus, Aspergillus flavus, secretes lipases while parasitizing oilseed hosts and may contaminate the seed with aflatoxin. We found that exogenous lipase applied to soybean cotyledons results in the generation of volatile aldehydes by the lipoxygenase pathway that halts the growth of fungi. Volatiles generated from untreated homogenized soybeans did not affect the germination of A. flavus spores in a closed petri plate assay in which spores were streaked on corn-meal agar and soybean homogenate was placed on the lid of the inverted plate. When lipase (500 units/ml) was added to the soybean homogenate, all fungal spore germination was inhibited. However, the addition of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor) to the soybean homogenate/lipase mixture partially reversed the inhibition of spore germination. The extent of spore germination was dependent on both the number of soybean cotyledons in the homogenate and the activity of the added lipase. Addition of linoleic or linolenic acids to the homogenates also inhibited spore germination, whereas palmitic, stearic, or oleic acid had no effect, compared to untreated homogenates. Headspace analysis indicated that hexanal, a product of the lipoxygenase pathway with known antifungal activity, was the major volatile generated from lipase-treated homogenates. Soybeans are exceptional among oil-rich seed crops in that they are resistant to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination. Our evidence strongly suggests that the lipoxygenase pathway may contribute to this resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Doehlert, D C AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Gardner, H W AD - USDA/ARS, Dep. Cereal Sci. and Food Technol., Harris Hall, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1473 EP - 1477 VL - 83 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - lipoxygenase KW - pathyway KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Glycine max KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16959432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Evidence+implicating+the+lipoxygenase+pathway+in+providing+resistance+to+soybeans+against+Aspergillus+flavus&rft.au=Doehlert%2C+D+C%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BGardner%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Doehlert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Glycine max; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of pathogenic bacteria on pork loins as influenced by hot processing and packaging AN - 16958700; 3624093 AB - The impact of hot and cold processing on the survival and/or growth of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Campylobacter spp. on inoculated pork loins was studied. Loin pieces were inoculated with pathogen-containing feces, then vacuum packaged directly after hot boning (hot packaging), vacuum packaged after chilling for 1 d, or left unpackaged. Pathogen numbers were assayed after storage at 1 plus or minus 1 degree C for 0, 1, 2, 5, and 9 d. Campylobacter numbers decreased during the storage period, but the organisms could still be recovered after 9 d storage. A lower Campylobacter survival rate was observed on unpackaged pork loin pieces. The other pathogens were less affected by packaging treatment. Numbers of L. monocytogenes increased by approximately 1-log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2). Survival and growth of A. hydrophila during refrigerated storage varied between trials. In Experiment 1, numbers increased by ca. 2-log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2), while levels were stable or decreased slightly in Experiment 2. Salmonella levels decreased during storage, with the greatest survival observed on hot-packaged pork. Despite the fact that pork loins were inoculated with ca. 10 super(2) CFU pathogenic Y. enterocolitica per cm super(2), the organism was recovered only sporadically during the storage period. This may be due to competition with the natural microflora. Existing procedures are often inadequate for recovering small numbers of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in the presence of large numbers of competing flora. Until recovery procedures are improved, the effect of packaging treatment on pathogenic Y. enterocolitica cannot be determined. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Van Laack, RLJM AU - Johnson, J L AU - Van der Palen, CJNM AU - Smulders, FJM AU - Snijders, JMA AD - Meat Sci. Res. Lab., USDA, PQDI, Build. 201, Barc-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 847 EP - 851 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - packaging KW - pork KW - Campylobacter KW - Aeromonas hydrophila KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - survival KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Survival+of+pathogenic+bacteria+on+pork+loins+as+influenced+by+hot+processing+and+packaging&rft.au=Van+Laack%2C+RLJM%3BJohnson%2C+J+L%3BVan+der+Palen%2C+CJNM%3BSmulders%2C+FJM%3BSnijders%2C+JMA&rft.aulast=Van+Laack&rft.aufirst=RLJM&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Listeria monocytogenes; Yersinia enterocolitica; Aeromonas hydrophila; Campylobacter; pork; food processing; packaging; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International regulatory status and harmonization of food irradiation AN - 16958350; 3624086 AB - U.S. regulatory officials and some consumer advocates, academicians, media, and industry representatives share the opinion that radiation processing may be a solution to food safety and agricultural protection problems that now exist throughout the world. The status of existing regulations and new regulations being developed by U.S. regulatory agencies and being petitioned by industry groups is discussed and compared with regulations in other countries. Renewed interest on the part of the U.S. Army in using irradiated foods in many of their rations is reviewed. The status of demonstration irradiation facilities sponsored by the Department of Energy is outlined. Comments on harmonization of radiation process controls, dosimetry standards, and other practices that are important aspects of international trade in irradiated foods are provided. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Derr, D D AD - Food Saf. and Insp. Serv., Sci. and Technol., USDA, 300 12th St., S.W., Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 882 EP - 886 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - radiation KW - international standards KW - food KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=International+regulatory+status+and+harmonization+of+food+irradiation&rft.au=Derr%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Derr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food; radiation; international standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sausage casings as a model for attachment of Salmonella to meat AN - 16957591; 3624479 AB - Artificial sausage casings were used as a model for studying bacterial attachment to meat connective tissue. Sausage casings of known mass were exposed to suspensions of Salmonella typhimurium in 0.15 M NaCI under various time, temperature, and inoculum level regimes, then washed to remove unattached bacteria. Attached bacterial cells were enumerated using both plate counts and scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial cells attached to sausage casing surfaces within 1 min of incubation. Numbers of attached cells increased with increasing temperature and inoculum levels and with time. Rates of attachment of S. typhimurium to sausage casings were comparable with those reported for attachment to meat surfaces. Sausage casings appear to be a convenient model for examining mechanisms of bacterial attachment to meats. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Walls, I AU - Cooke, PH AU - Benedict, R C AU - Buchanan, R L AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 390 EP - 394 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sausage casings KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - attachment KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16957591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Sausage+casings+as+a+model+for+attachment+of+Salmonella+to+meat&rft.au=Walls%2C+I%3BCooke%2C+PH%3BBenedict%2C+R+C%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Walls&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; attachment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibotulinal properties of selected aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes AN - 16957141; 3624533 AB - Aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were tested for their effectiveness against Clostridium botulinum spores and cells. Six-tenths millimolar benzaldehyde, piperonal, phenylacetaldehyde, alpha -amylcinnamaldehyde, vanillin, or phenylglyoxal delayed germination in botulinal assay medium (BAM) broth after 6 h exposure at 32 degree C. Sporicidal activity was observed with 1.25 mM vanillin, 39 mM isobutyraldehyde, 156 mM pyruvaldehyde or valeraldehyde, 625 mM benzaldehyde, and 2,500 mM alpha -amylcinnamaldehyde. Twenty-five millimolars of cinnamaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, and vanillin were most active against vegetative cells at pH 7.0 in BAM broth, while 125 mM was required for benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, piperonal, or phenylglyoxal. Three millimolars benzaldehyde, 5.0 mM phenylglyoxal, 150 mM cinnamaldehyde, 200 mM pyruvaldehyde and vanillin, and 300 mM piperonal inhibited 9 h dipicolinic acid release in BAM broth at 32 degree C. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Bowles, B L AU - Miller, A J AD - East. Regl. Res. Cent., Microb. Food Saf. Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 788 EP - 794 VL - 56 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - aldehydes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - antibacterial agents KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16957141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Antibotulinal+properties+of+selected+aromatic+and+aliphatic+aldehydes&rft.au=Bowles%2C+B+L%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Bowles&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; antibacterial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacillus cereus: Aerobic growth kinetics AN - 16956279; 3616356 AB - Three strains of Bacillus cereus were cultured in brain heart infusion medium aerobically under conditions of variable temperature (5 to 42 degree C), sodium chloride concentrations (0.5-5%), pH (4.5 - 7.5), and sodium nitrite concentration (0 mg/L - 200 mg/L) to simulate conditions of normal and adverse food storage. Cultures were sampled at selected times, and plate counts were used to calculate growth curves under each condition. None of the three strains grew at 5 degree C, but growth did occur slowly at 8 degree C, and was most rapid at a temperature of 37 degree C. Growth occurred in media without additives in all pH's examined between 8 and 42 degree C. Decreasing the pH and increasing levels of sodium chloride and sodium nitrite increased the lag phase and generation times of the organism. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Benedict, R C AU - Partridge, T AU - Wells, D AU - Buchanan, R L AD - Microb. Food Saf. Unit, East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 211 EP - 214 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - growth kinetics KW - sodium chloride KW - sodium nitrite KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - aerobic conditions KW - food additives KW - Bacillus cereus KW - pH KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Bacillus+cereus%3A+Aerobic+growth+kinetics&rft.au=Benedict%2C+R+C%3BPartridge%2C+T%3BWells%2C+D%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Benedict&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus cereus; aerobic conditions; pH; food additives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacteria on beef briskets and ground beef: Correlation with slaughter volume and antemortem condemnation AN - 16955580; 3616339 AB - Aerobic plate counts of 3,455 brisket and 1,370 ground beef samples were examined for association with slaughter volume in 547 U.S. beef slaughter establishments. In general, high-volume beef slaughter establishments control total aerobic bacteria counts on briskets and ground beef more effectively than small volume establishments. The lower Aerobic plate counts at high slaughter volumes may have resulted from uniformity of cattle slaughtered, specialization of labor, measures taken to prevent contamination, and effective decontamination of carcasses in high-volume slaughter establishments. In this study the prevalence of Salmonella contamination was found to be more closely associated with the health of animals brought to slaughter than with certain conditions in the slaughter establishments. The prevalence of contamination of brisket and ground beef samples with Salmonella was highest in calf slaughter establishments. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hogue, A T AU - Dreesen, D W AU - Green, S S AU - Ragland, R D AU - James, W O AU - Bergeron, E A AU - Cook, LV AU - Pratt, MD AU - Martin AD - Food Saf. and Insp. Serv., Sci. and Technol., Slaughter Insp. Stand. and Proc. Div., USDA, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 110 EP - 113 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - slaughter volume KW - antemortem condemnation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - beef KW - bacteria KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Bacteria+on+beef+briskets+and+ground+beef%3A+Correlation+with+slaughter+volume+and+antemortem+condemnation&rft.au=Hogue%2C+A+T%3BDreesen%2C+D+W%3BGreen%2C+S+S%3BRagland%2C+R+D%3BJames%2C+W+O%3BBergeron%2C+E+A%3BCook%2C+LV%3BPratt%2C+MD%3BMartin&rft.aulast=Hogue&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; beef ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Listeria spp. from feces of feedlot cattle AN - 16954919; 3616366 AB - Healthy feedlot beef cattle were surveyed for the presence of Listeria spp. in fecal grab samples taken over 3 months. Composite samples were made from 224 individual animals each month. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from one composite sample (4%) from the first sampling and not from the subsequent two. Listeria innocua was found in composite samples from all three samplings at levels of 17, 9, and 35%, respectively. From the individual samples comprising the Listeria spp.-positive composites, L. monocytogenes was isolated from one sample (3%) in the second sampling but not in the first or third samplings. L. innocua was found in 9, 8, and 10% of the individual samples comprising Listeria-positive composites in the first, second, and third samplings, respectively. The two L. monocytogenes isolates were pathogenic to mice. Further characterization of these isolates revealed atypical rhamnose fermentation patterns. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Dickson, J S AU - Daniels, E K AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., ARA-USDA, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 102 EP - 105 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - isolation KW - Listeria KW - feces KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16954919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Listeria+spp.+from+feces+of+feedlot+cattle&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BDickson%2C+J+S%3BDaniels%2C+E+K&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria; isolation; feces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects in vitro of nine fungicides on growth of entomopathogenic fungi AN - 16951297; 3616011 AB - The effects of nine fungicides were evaluated in vitro on the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Conidiobolus coronatus, C. thromboides, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces farinosus, P. fumosoroseus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Verticillium lecanii. The susceptibility of the fungi to the fungicides varied. The dithiocarbamate derivations zineb + copper oxychloride, and mancozeb completely inhibited germination of C. coronatus, C. thromboides, B. bassiana, P. farinosus, M. anisopliae and V. lecanii. The fungicides triadimefon, copper oxychloride, metalaxyl, sulfur, sulfur + nitrothal-isopropyl and hymexazol exhibited various effects on the fungi. Usually, fungistasis was more pronounced at 15 degree C than at 25 degree C and the inhibitory effects were in direct proportion to the dosage of active ingredient (recommended field rate, 10-fold higher and 10-fold lower). In a few combinations, fungi partially overcame or even recovered from the initial inhibition of growth which might have resulted from delayed germination. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Majchrowicz, I AU - Poprawski, T J AD - USDA-ARS, Plant, Soil Nutr. Lab., Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 321 EP - 336 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - in vitro KW - fungicides KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16951297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Effects+in+vitro+of+nine+fungicides+on+growth+of+entomopathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Majchrowicz%2C+I%3BPoprawski%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Majchrowicz&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungicides; entomopathogenic fungi; in vitro ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of molecular markers to study Setosphaeria turcica resistance in maize AN - 16949546; 3618747 AB - To facilitate understanding of the molecular basis of Htn1 resistance in maize to northern corn leaf blight, we mapped the Htn1 locus by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Linkage with the Htn1 locus, using a backcross population, was initially detected with the RFLP probe UMC16, which hybridized to two loci: UMC16A on the long arm of chromosome three and the unmapped locus UMC16B. Independent assortment of Htn1 with UMC16A and linkage to UMC16B was verified with RFLP markers closely flanking UMC16A on the long arm of chromosome three. Information obtained from previous studies, detailing duplicate loci in maize, indicated that RFLP loci in the region around UMC16A are duplicated on the long arm of chromosome eight in the region of Idh1. RFLP loci mapping within this region on chromosome eight detected linkage with both Htn1 and UMC16B. Analysis of additional backcross progeny mapped the Htn1 locus 0.8 cM (centi-Morgans) distal to UMC117, near the recently reported location of the Ht2 locus. Segregation analysis of F sub(2) progeny from crosses of the inbred W22Htn1 with A619Ht2 confirmed the linkage of Htn1 with Ht2. RFLP analysis of susceptible F sub(2) progeny indicates that Htn1 and Ht2 are not allelic, and Ht2 maps are approximately 10 cM proximal to Htn1. JF - Phytopathology AU - Simcox, K D AU - Bennetzen, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genet. Res. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1326 EP - 1330 VL - 83 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - molecular KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Setosphaeria turcica KW - Zea mays KW - markers KW - resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16949546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+molecular+markers+to+study+Setosphaeria+turcica+resistance+in+maize&rft.au=Simcox%2C+K+D%3BBennetzen%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Simcox&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - markers; resistance; Setosphaeria turcica; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis with feeding activity of clover root curculio larvae in alfalfa AN - 16948409; 3615746 AB - Twenty genera of fungi were isolated over a 3-yr period from feeding sites of the clover root curculio (CRC) in roots of field-grown alfalfa. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis was the predominant pathogenic fungus isolated, constituting 63% of all isolates at one sampling. Root diameter, root type, and depth of feeding were not related to the isolation frequencies of specific fungi. In pathogenicity tests, 89% of all F. oxysporum isolates tested caused wilt symptoms in alfalfa. Radial internal spread of fungi from feeding sites was usually limited to the 2 mm of tissue immediately centripetal to the feeding site. F. o. medicaginis, other Fusarium spp., and other fungi were isolated from excised head capsules of field-collected, late-instar larvae of CRC. The addition of 50 CRC eggs to a growth medium infested with F. o. medicaginis inoculum significantly increased the severity of Fusarium wilt in greenhouse experiments. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leath, K T AU - Hower, A A AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Reg. Pasture Res. Lab., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 799 EP - 802 VL - 77 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Fusarium oxysporum medicaginis KW - Sitono hispidulus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - feeding behavior KW - Coleoptera KW - interaction KW - colonization KW - vectors KW - wilt KW - Curculionidae KW - pest attack KW - Medicago sativa KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+medicaginis+with+feeding+activity+of+clover+root+curculio+larvae+in+alfalfa&rft.au=Leath%2C+K+T%3BHower%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Leath&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Coleoptera; Medicago sativa; interaction; feeding behavior; colonization; wilt; vectors; pest attack ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endocytosis during the preparation of mouse and human carrier erythrocytes AN - 16941983; 3615496 AB - Mouse and human erythrocytes are inherently different with respect to slow dialysis encapsulation used in preparing carrier erythrocytes. Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-dextran was added to five different stages of the encapsulation process to discern when endocytic vesiculation occurred. Mouse erythrocytes were much more unstable than human cells, with as many as 50% of mouse cells showing vesicles, as determined by flow cytometry. Mouse erythrocytes showed the ability to form vesicles at each stage beyond the washed-packed-cell stage. Up to 20% of the human cells formed vesicles at stages beyond the annealed-cell stage. Although vesiculation can occur at any stage of the encapsulation process, with the exception of washed-packed cells, the actual amount of FITC-dextran incorporated in the cells is extremely low when compared with dialysis encapsulation, namely 50 ng/10 super(7) cells as against 2000 ng/10 super(7) cells. Thus preparation of carrier erythrocytes by slow hypo-osmotic dialysis induces certain instabilities that lead to a substantial percentage of cells with endocytic vesicles, while the actual amount endocytosed is low. The differences in vesiculation observed between human and mouse erythrocytes is apparently related to the intrinsic properties of the cells and is consistent with the fact that mouse erythrocytes are more fragile when undergoing slow dialysis than are human erythrocytes. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - DeLoach, J R AU - Droleskey, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 83 EP - 92 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - erythrocytes KW - preparation KW - endocytosis KW - man KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16941983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Endocytosis+during+the+preparation+of+mouse+and+human+carrier+erythrocytes&rft.au=DeLoach%2C+J+R%3BDroleskey%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=DeLoach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erythrocytes; preparation; endocytosis; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental design and analysis in field studies of aquatic vegetation AN - 16938462; 3611636 AB - Field experiments may be useful for researchers and managers concerned with aquatic plants. Since experimental design and statistical analysis are closely related, this paper discusses statistical and practical considerations for conducting and evaluating field experiments with aquatic plants. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of variance, assumptions required for its use, and concepts related to it (e.g., statistical power, means comparison procedures, treatment structure, pseudoreplication, etc.). The paper concludes with a brief introduction to papers in the literature which illustrate the use of field experiments for studying aquatic plants. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Whitehand, L C AD - USDA/ARS, Aquat. Weed Lab., Bot. Dep., Univ. California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 165 EP - 174 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - freshwater ecology KW - freshwater environments KW - macrophytes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - environment management KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - methodology KW - sampling KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16938462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Experimental+design+and+analysis+in+field+studies+of+aquatic+vegetation&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - freshwater ecology; sampling; aquatic plants; environment management; statistical analysis; methodology; macrophytes; freshwater environments; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of species composition on the survival and development of western and northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16934721; 3608210 AB - The effects of interspecific competition between northern and western corn rootworm larvae were examined under greenhouse conditions. Potted corn seedlings were infested with predetermined (mixed numbers of embryonated eggs to determine how interspecific competition would affect survivorship, sex ratio, and developmental time for each species. Survivorship of both species declined as population densities of the opposite species increased. Sex ratios of both species were influenced by the population densities of the opposite species. Females declined as the level of the other species increased. The slope of cumulative adult emergence was the same for heterogeneous populations and homogeneous populations of each species. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Woodson, W D AD - USDA, ARS, NPA, North Grain Insects Res. Lab., Rural Rt. No. 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 377 EP - 382 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Coleoptera KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Diabrotica virgifera KW - survival KW - competition KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16934721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Effect+of+species+composition+on+the+survival+and+development+of+western+and+northern+corn+rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Woodson%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Woodson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera; competition; survival; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Post-diapause development of the sunflower stem weevil Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) under controlled laboratory conditions AN - 16933137; 3608207 AB - Laboratory studies were conducted on post-diapause development of the sunflower stem weevil Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) under five temperature regimes. Laboratory studies offered the advantage of precise temperature regulation to describe some temperature dependent parameters of the development and the seasonal biology of C. adspersus. A threshold temperature of 12 degree C and a thermal constant of 365.6 plus or minus 10.9 degree days were derived from the laboratory data. The optimal temperatures tested for development on the basis of lowest mortality and shortest development time were 28 and 32 degree C. Mortality was over 50% at all temperatures. Mortality was 96.4% at 16 degree C suggesting that this temperature was sub-optimal for development. The development of the reproductive organs in adults was described to correlate reproductive physiology with the appearance of adults and egg laying in field observations. A lag time of about 10 days was observed between emergence and subsequent development of the ovaries and mating at 28 degree C. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Barker, J F AU - Charlet, L D AD - USDA, ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 414 EP - 419 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Cylindrocopturus adspersus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - life cycle KW - diapause termination KW - Coleoptera KW - Curculionidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16933137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Post-diapause+development+of+the+sunflower+stem+weevil+Cylindrocopturus+adspersus+%28LeConte%29+under+controlled+laboratory+conditions&rft.au=Barker%2C+J+F%3BCharlet%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Coleoptera; diapause termination; life cycle; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of mungbeans for resistance to Cercospora leaf spot and powdery mildew AN - 16928854; 3606599 AB - Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora canescens and powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe polygoni, are two of the most important fungal diseases of mungbeans. Nearly 4000 accessions of the global mungbean collection at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center were screened for resistance to these two pathogens. Less than 4% and 12% of the accessions showed resistance to Cercospora leaf spot and powdery mildew, respectively. The level of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot varied and highly resistant lines were not found. A few lines were rated highly resistant to powdery mildew over several years but others were rated moderately resistant or susceptible in other years. JF - International Journal of Pest Management AU - Hartman, G L AU - Wang, T C AU - Kim, D AD - USDA/ARS, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 418 EP - 421 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0967-0874, 0967-0874 KW - Cercospora canescens KW - leaf spot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - resistance KW - Erysiphe polygoni KW - Vigna radiata KW - powdery mildew KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16928854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Pest+Management&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+mungbeans+for+resistance+to+Cercospora+leaf+spot+and+powdery+mildew&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BWang%2C+T+C%3BKim%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Pest+Management&rft.issn=09670874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vigna radiata; Erysiphe polygoni; resistance; powdery mildew ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies with highly attenuated vaccinia (NYVAC) recombinant viruses AN - 16926375; 3600293 AB - Poxvirus recombinants, based on the highly attenuated NYVAC strain of vaccinia virus, containing single gene inserts encoding the pseudorabies virus (PRV) gII, gIII, or gp50 glycoproteins were tested for their immunogenicity in pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly divided into six groups of four. Groups 1-3 were inoculated with 10 super(7) CCID sub(50) of NYVAC/PRV gII, NYVAC/PRV gIII, or NYVAC/PRV gp50, respectively, while groups 4 and 5 received the NYVAC parent virus or an inactivated PRV vaccine control, respectively. Group 6 represented the sham vaccinated control group. All inoculations were given by the intramuscular route on weeks 0 and 4. The candidate vaccines were shown to be safe with no local or systemic reactions. At 4 weeks following the second inoculation, all pigs were challenged by an oronasal administration of a virulent PRV strain. Pigs were monitored before and after challenge for clinical manifestations resulting from vaccination and challenge exposure, respectively. Sera were analyzed for PRV neutralizing activity. Virological analyses after challenge included assessment of virus shedding and the development of latent PRV infections. All but one animal developed latent PRV infection following challenge exposure; however, significant protection against PRV-induced signs was afforded by vaccination with either the NYVAC/PRV gp50 or NYVAC/PRV gII recombinant viruses, as well as with the inactivated PRV vaccine. The NYVAC/PRV gp50 also reduced overall virus shedding after challenge. The extent of protection against PRV-induced clinical signs, in general, was associated with the level of pre-challenge virus neutralizing activity. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Tartaglia, J AU - Riviere, M AU - Paoletti, E AU - Mengeling, W L AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Virol. Swine Res. Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 41 EP - 58 VL - 38 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccinia virus KW - recombinants KW - pseudorabies KW - vaccination KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Vaccination+of+pigs+against+pseudorabies+with+highly+attenuated+vaccinia+%28NYVAC%29+recombinant+viruses&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BTartaglia%2C+J%3BRiviere%2C+M%3BPaoletti%2C+E%3BMengeling%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recombinants; pseudorabies; vaccination; vaccinia virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analyses of the gene and amino acid sequence of the Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola 23 xylanase reveals unexpected homology with endoglucanases from other genera of bacteria AN - 16926136; 3602149 AB - The DNA sequence for the xylanase gene from Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola 23 was determined. The xylanase gene encoded for a protein with a molecular weight of 65,740. An apparent leader sequence of 22 amino acids was observed. The promoter region for expression of the xylanase gene in Bacteroides species was identified with a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. A region of high amino acid homology was found with the proposed catalytic domain of endoglucanases from several organisms, including Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Clostridium thermocellum. The cloned xylanase was found to exhibit endoglucanase activity against carboxymethyl cellulose. Analysis of the codon usage for the xylanase gene found a bias towards G and C in the third position in 16 of 18 amino acids with degenerate codons. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 27 EP - 33 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - genes KW - promoters KW - nucleotide sequence KW - identification KW - DNA KW - Prevotella ruminicola KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Analyses+of+the+gene+and+amino+acid+sequence+of+the+Prevotella+%28Bacteroides%29+ruminicola+23+xylanase+reveals+unexpected+homology+with+endoglucanases+from+other+genera+of+bacteria&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prevotella ruminicola; genes; nucleotide sequence; promoters; identification; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic gene conservation for uncertain futures AN - 16923484; 3607188 AB - Programs for conserving genes in forest trees should be based on evolutionary concepts. Our recommendations for gene conservation are appropriate for conditions of rapid environmental change such as might occur under accumulation of greenhouse gases. We describe the impact that the evolutionary forces of selection, migration and genetic drift have on the genetic architecture of tree species and emphasize that maximum fitness for all traits will never be obtained in any plant population. Genetic variation is a prerequisite for future evolution and we stress that gene conservation programs should provide opportunities for future evolution. Two methods have been developed to manage populations for this purpose. One is hierarchical; in it useful genes are intended to be gradually transferred by crossing from lower to higher levels of improvement. The second, the multiple population breeding system, generates the sizeable genetic variance that is necessary to cope with future uncertainties regarding environmental conditions and trait values. We recommend this latter system whenever financing allows. Existing adaptations should be used when populations are appointed as gene resource populations. The multiple breeding population system was developed to incorporate ex situ gene conservation as an integral part of breeding. However, its basic premise of broadening among-population variance can also be accomplished in in situ programs by choosing widely varying stands as gene resource populations and diversifying them further through selection. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Eriksson, G AU - Namkoong, G AU - Roberds, J H AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Genet. Dep., P.O. Box 7614, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 15 EP - 37 VL - 62 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - conservation KW - genes KW - trees KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16923484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Dynamic+gene+conservation+for+uncertain+futures&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+G%3BNamkoong%2C+G%3BRoberds%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Eriksson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; forests; genes; conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and nest success of sympatric female Mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, and American Black Ducks, A. rubripes, breeding in a forested environment AN - 16921575; 3600617 AB - Inverse population trends of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American Black Ducks (A. rubripes) in eastern Canada and northeastern United States have led many to speculate whether differential productivity and survival exist between these closely related forms. Monitoring of radio-marked female Mallards and Black Ducks breeding sympatrically in the western Adirondack region of northern New York in 1990-1991 showed that nest success rates of Mallards (S = 0.51) and Black Ducks (S = 0.61) were similar (P > 0.10), as was the survival rates of females during the 107-day breeding period (5 April - 20 July; Mallard S = 0.88, Black Duck S = 0.77). Despite these similarities, a higher proportion of Mallards successfully hatched a clutch than did Black Ducks (67% vs. 44%). Thus, Mallards may be more productive than Black Ducks, contributing to their increasing numbers throughout Black Duck breeding range. JF - Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa ON AU - Dwyer, C P AU - Baldassarre, G A AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 213 EP - 216 VL - 107 IS - 2 SN - 0008-3550, 0008-3550 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Anas KW - survival KW - breeding success KW - sympatric populations KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16921575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+field-naturalist.+Ottawa+ON&rft.atitle=Survival+and+nest+success+of+sympatric+female+Mallards%2C+Anas+platyrhynchos%2C+and+American+Black+Ducks%2C+A.+rubripes%2C+breeding+in+a+forested+environment&rft.au=Dwyer%2C+C+P%3BBaldassarre%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+field-naturalist.+Ottawa+ON&rft.issn=00083550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anas; survival; breeding success; sympatric populations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The status of Bemisia tabaci (Hom.: Aleyrodidae), Trialeurodes, vaporariorum (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) and their natural enemies in Crete AN - 16920501; 3603936 AB - The non > biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is recorded for the first time in Crete in 1992, in the north east and south east of the island. Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) is the predominant whitefly on plants in the north and west of the island. Three surveys of Crete were made in 1992 and 1993 for natural enemies of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum and resulted in the collection of 4 species of Encarsia, (plus a number of species that are unidentifiable at this time), an Eretmocerus sp. (unidentifiable at this time) and a fungal pathogen, Paecilomyces farinosus (Dickson Ex Fries) Brown & Smith. Encarsia adrianae was identified from T. vaporariorum; which constitutes its most westerly distribution point and a new host record respectively. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum were found on horticultural crops, ornamentals and weeds. Populations of both whitefly species were severely depleted on field hosts throughout the island during the winter of 1992/93. Climatic constraints, competition with T. vaporariorum in otherwise suitable niches, effective natural enemies and an observed low level of polyphagy may explain the present limited distribution of the non > biotype of B. tabaci, in Crete. JF - Entomophaga AU - Kirk, A A AU - Lacey, LA AU - Roditakis, N AU - Brown, J K AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA/ARS, B.P. 4168, Montpellier 34092, Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 405 EP - 410 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Greece KW - natural enemies KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - biotypes KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16920501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=The+status+of+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Hom.%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%2C+Trialeurodes%2C+vaporariorum+%28Hom.%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+and+their+natural+enemies+in+Crete&rft.au=Kirk%2C+A+A%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BRoditakis%2C+N%3BBrown%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; Greece; biotypes; natural enemies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal distribution of runoff and soil erosion at a site in Northeastern Oregon AN - 16914891; 3601139 AB - Average annual erosion predictions have marginal success in the Pacific Northwest perhaps because of variability of natural features related to runoff and soil erosion. Hydrologic frequency analysis and probability theory were used to analyze 12 years of runoff and erosion data from continuous fallow, fall-seeded winter wheat, and fall-plowed wheat stubble at a site in eastern Oregon. Relatively rare events are the major contributors to long-term soil losses for both discrete erosion events and seasonal erosion volumes. The soil loss tolerance for this soil type was never exceeded for discrete events on either the fall-seeded winter wheat or fall-plowed wheat stubble. Seasonal soil loss exceeded the soil loss tolerance in only one of twelve years for winter wheat and was never exceeded for the fall-plowed treatment. Soil losses over the long-term should not exceed soil loss tolerance values at this site under the soil management conditions used during this experiment. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Zuzel, J F AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Greenwalt, R N AD - USDA-ARS, Pendelton, OR 97801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 373 EP - 378 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Oregon, Northeast KW - soil management KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - agricultural runoff KW - runoff KW - seasonal variations KW - soil erosion KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Temporal+distribution+of+runoff+and+soil+erosion+at+a+site+in+Northeastern+Oregon&rft.au=Zuzel%2C+J+F%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BGreenwalt%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Zuzel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil erosion; runoff; seasonal variations; agricultural runoff; soil management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxicity study of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) berries in Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 16913201; 3594653 AB - Species of the Solanum nigrum complex, including eastern black nightshade (S. ptycanthum Dun.), are common nuisance plants, and their berries often contaminate agricultural commodities. Black nightshade plants and their fruits contain solanaceous glycoalkaloids, but little information is available regarding their toxicity in vivo. Male and female rats were fed diets containing 0, 1, 5 or 25% (w/w) eastern black nightshade berries (BNB) for 13 weeks. Anemia was present in high-dose males after six weeks and in mid-dose males, high-dose males and high-dose females after 13 weeks. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits of these groups were significantly decreased and averaged 81-93% of their respective control values. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrits of males fed 1% BNB, females fed 1% BNB and females fed 5% BNB averaged 94-97% of the control values after 13 weeks. These findings indicate that ingestion of low to moderate amounts of S. ptycanthum berries does not pose a significant health risk, although anemia may be a potential consequence of prolonged exposure to highly contaminated foodstuffs. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Voss, KA AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Brennecke, L H AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 91 EP - 98 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - berries KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - anemia KW - Solanum ptycanthum KW - fruits KW - hematology KW - parameters KW - oral administration KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16913201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxicity+study+of+eastern+black+nightshade+%28Solanum+ptycanthum%29+berries+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBrennecke%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum ptycanthum; oral administration; anemia; hematology; parameters; fruits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and physiological response of water-stressed yellow-poplar seedlings exposed to chronic ozone fumigation and ethylenediurea AN - 16905610; 3598314 AB - One-year-old containerized seedlings of yellow-popular (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were exposed to ethylenediurea (EDU), ozone (O sub(3)) fumigation (0, 0.07, and 0.15 ppm), and drought (one or two 1-week drying cycles) from late April until early June 1990, at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Delaware, Ohio, USA. Measurements of net photosynthesis (P sub(n)), dark respiration (R sub(d)), stomatal conductance (G sub(s)), and transpiration (T sub(s)) were made on seedlings from each treatment on 15 May and 31 May. Treatment effects on seedling growth were determined by measuring height increase, shoot and root biomass, and leaf area. Water stress significantly reduced P sub(n), G sub(s), and T sub(s) (by more than 70%), whereas EDU and O sub(3) treatments had no appreciable effect on these parameters. There was no indication that ethylene evolution was influenced by any of the stress factors imposed in this study. There were no significant interactions between these stress factors and the physiological parameters measured. Growth measurements showed that height increase was reduced by 22% in water-stressed seedlings, whereas new shoot biomass, root biomass and leaf area declined by 10%, 20%, and 12%, respectively. New shoot biomass, root biomass, and leaf area were reduced by the EDU treatment. Root/shoot ratio was not significantly altered by the drought treatment employed. Overall, there were no significant effects of O sub(3) fumigation on growth. The interaction of water stress and O sub(3) fumigation at 0.07 ppm significantly reduced root biomass and the root/shoot ratio. THe EDU and 0.15 ppm O sub(3) together reduced height growth more than either factor alone. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Cannon, WC Jr AU - Roberts, B R AU - Barger, J H AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 61 EP - 73 VL - 61 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - ethylenediurea KW - water stress KW - plant growth KW - drought KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - ozone KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - growth KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16905610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Growth+and+physiological+response+of+water-stressed+yellow-poplar+seedlings+exposed+to+chronic+ozone+fumigation+and+ethylenediurea&rft.au=Cannon%2C+WC+Jr%3BRoberts%2C+B+R%3BBarger%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=WC&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liriodendron tulipifera; ozone; water stress; growth; plant growth; drought; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling wildland fire containment with uncertain flame length and fireline width AN - 16899897; 3591056 AB - We describe a mathematical model for the probability that a fireline succeeds in containing a fire. The probability increases as the fireline width increases, and also as the fire's flame length decreases. More interestingly, uncertainties in width and flame length affect the computed containment probabilities, and can thus indirectly affect the optimum allocation of fire-fighting resources. Uncertainty about the fireline width that will be produced can often affect containment chances as much as uncertainty in flame length. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Mees, R AU - Strauss, D AU - Chase, R AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv. Stn., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - fireline width KW - flame length KW - control KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - mathematical models KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16899897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Modeling+wildland+fire+containment+with+uncertain+flame+length+and+fireline+width&rft.au=Mees%2C+R%3BStrauss%2C+D%3BChase%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mees&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fires; mathematical models; control; wildfire ER - TY - CONF T1 - Abiotic stress tolerances (moisture, nutrients) and photosynthesis in endophyte-infected tall fescue AN - 16898319; 3595502 AB - The ecological significance resulting from the association of each tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) genotype and its companion fungal endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams) is probably inherent in the nutritional interactions, and the resulting physiological and biochemical requirements of each. The colonization of this grass by the fungus follows the natural sequence of fescue seed germination, seedling and tiller growth. Infected grasses are natural and extensive, therefore tall fescue should be considered a symbiotic plant. The nature of this relationship at the population level is more appropriately described as an obligately biotrophic conjunctive mutualism. The use of this terminology at the population level describes the overall ecological effect; however, allowances must be made for infected tall fescue genotypes within the population that may not show any positive adaptive strategies. Genotypes of this later category may be categorized, possibly only transiently, as obligately neutral symbiotic. Infected genotypes of the earlier category offer adaptations to environmental stresses and may be exploited for these characteristics. Evidence from research is reviewed to indicate that selected genotypes within the population of tall fescue are more tolerant of environmental abiotic stresses than uninfected grasses. Infected tall fescue seed require more moisture to germinate than uninfected seed. Endophyte-infected seedlings require more nutrients than uninfected seedlings. Although infected tall fescue contains less soluble nitrogen which would encourage more predation, strains resulting from the stresses of insect herbivory are prevented because of an accumulation of an insect deterrent, toxins and their synergists. At the morphological level infected grasses show tolerance to water stress by early shedding of older leaves and rolling of younger leaves. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Bacon, C W Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 123 EP - 141 VL - 44 IS - 1-4 KW - Acremonium coenophialum KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nutrient availability KW - photosynthesis KW - water availability KW - plant breeding KW - grasses KW - tolerance KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - reviews KW - endophytes KW - stress KW - selection KW - abiotic factors KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16898319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Abiotic+stress+tolerances+%28moisture%2C+nutrients%29+and+photosynthesis+in+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discrimination of previously searched, host-free sites by Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16897744; 3588519 AB - The ability of free-ranging parasitoids to discriminate between previously visited and unvisited sites containing host kairomone (caterpillar frass) but not hosts was tested. Females of Microplitis croceipes, a host specialist and plant generalist larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea, were allowed to fly freely in a simulated plant patch in a flight chamber. Wasps spent less time searching frass sites previously searched by themselves or by conspecifics than unsearched frass sites. In addition to chemical marking, spatial memory of visual cues was implicated as a mechanism for discriminating against self-visited, host-free sites. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Sheehan, W AU - Waeckers, F L AU - Lewis, W J AD - Insect Biol. Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 323 EP - 332 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Braconidae KW - visual perception KW - chemical perception KW - Hymenoptera KW - parasitoids KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - host searching behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16897744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Discrimination+of+previously+searched%2C+host-free+sites+by+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+W%3BWaeckers%2C+F+L%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microplitis croceipes; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; parasitoids; host searching behavior; chemical perception; visual perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thinning young loblolly pine stands with fire AN - 16897436; 3588434 AB - The relationship between fire-caused stem girdling and groundline diameter (GLD) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was determined. Results of 10 experimental prescribed burns conducted across a wide range of ambient temperature conditions during both the dormant and growing season demonstrate that low-intensity backing fires (< 346 KW/m) are an effective tool to eliminate loblolly pines less than 3.8 cm (1.5 in.) GLD. Wide differences in ambient temperature at time of burning did not affect stem kill of unscorched trees in this study. Virtually all fire-caused mortality took place within four months postburn. A predictive model that explained 92% of the variation in mortality was developed to facilitate the use of fire to thin young, overcrowded loblolly pine stands in the southeastern United States. Use of this model in conjunction with a preburn stand survey allows estimation of the number and distribution of survivors prior to ignition. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Wade, D D AD - USDA Forest Serv., South. Forest Fire Lab., Rt. 1 Box 182A, Dry Branch, GA 31020, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 169 EP - 178 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - thinning KW - stands KW - Pinus taeda KW - USA, Georgia KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16897436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Thinning+young+loblolly+pine+stands+with+fire&rft.au=Wade%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; USA, Georgia; stands; thinning; fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of timber size-class on predation of artificial nests in extensive forest AN - 16897127; 3590750 AB - Depredation on artificial ground and cup nests in even-aged seedling/sapling, pole, and mature stands of continuous northern hardwood forest was studied in the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire, USA from May to June 1988. Track-board nests were used to identify predators of ground nests; plain ground nests and cup nests were used to investigate the effects of timber size-class on rates of predation. No elevation in nest predation rate was observed in the early stages of growth, nor was predation rate related to stand area. As elevated predation rates are usually taken to indicate the fragmentation of forest, the results of this study suggest that extensive hardwood-dominated forests in northern New England are not fragmented by even-aged management. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - DeGraaf, R M AU - Angelstam, P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Univ. Massachussetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 127 EP - 136 VL - 61 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - size distribution KW - predation KW - trees KW - nests KW - indicators KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - habitat fragmentation KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16897127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+timber+size-class+on+predation+of+artificial+nests+in+extensive+forest&rft.au=DeGraaf%2C+R+M%3BAngelstam%2C+P&rft.aulast=DeGraaf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire; trees; size distribution; nests; predation; indicators; habitat fragmentation; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near isogenic lines of soybeans as tools to identify nodulation specific-mutants of Bradyrhizobium elkanii AN - 16896648; 3588986 AB - The dominant allele Rj4 in soybean interdicts or restricts the nodulation of plants by certain strains of bacteria, most of which are classified as Bradyrhizobium elkanii, while the recessive allele permits normal nodulation with the same strains. The near isogenic lines BARC-2 (Rj4) and BARC-3 (rj4) are calculated to be 99.95% identical in their nuclear DNA, but differ specifically in the allele present at the Rj4 locus. These lines were used to identify spontaneous mutants of the Rj4-restricted Bradyrhizobium elkanii, strain USDA 61 Nal super(r) that had the ability to effectively nodulate plants of the Rj4 genotype. Of the eight rare nodules found on roots of soybean plants of the Rj4 genotype inoculated with the genetically marked strain USDA 61 Nal super(r), four were identified as containing mutants with the ability to overcome the effects of the Rj4 allele. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Devine, TE AU - O'Neill, J J AU - Kuykendall, L D AD - Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 205 EP - 209 VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Rj4 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - genetic analysis KW - symbiosis KW - nodulation KW - genes KW - Bradyrhizobium elkanii KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Near+isogenic+lines+of+soybeans+as+tools+to+identify+nodulation+specific-mutants+of+Bradyrhizobium+elkanii&rft.au=Devine%2C+TE%3BO%27Neill%2C+J+J%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic analysis; symbiosis; nodulation; genes; Bradyrhizobium elkanii; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic assessment of ungulate herbivory in commercial forests of eastern Oregon and Washington, USA AN - 16896542; 3590751 AB - Four forest stands in eastern Washington and Oregon, USA, containing exclosures to prevent or impede ungulate herbivory, were modeled to forecast timber yields and soil expectation values (SEVs) at harvest. Contrasts of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) growth and yield inside and outside exclosures show that ungulate herbivory may either promote or depress tree volume growth. Projected income from stands with more intensive stocking management and with inclusion of regulated livestock herbivory was higher than that of less intensively managed stands without livestock for scenarios with projected rising stumpage price levels for 2040. Under an assumption of future stumpage prices held constant at 1990 levels, the reverse was true. Ungulate herbivory plus planted stock and prescribed fire in site preparation provided the highest stand value at two sites. Sites without prescribed fire fared better when fenced to prevent livestock or big game herbivory. The results illustrate that ungulate herbivory alone is not the determinant factor of the economic yield of stands, but ungulate herbivory can have substantial impact on site productivity when used in conjunction with prescribed fire, stocking control, and species selection. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Weigand, J F AU - Haynes, R W AU - Tiedemann, A R AU - Riggs, R A AU - Quigley, T M AD - USDA Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 137 EP - 155 VL - 61 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forests KW - ungulates KW - yield KW - herbivory KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - economics KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Economic+assessment+of+ungulate+herbivory+in+commercial+forests+of+eastern+Oregon+and+Washington%2C+USA&rft.au=Weigand%2C+J+F%3BHaynes%2C+R+W%3BTiedemann%2C+A+R%3BRiggs%2C+R+A%3BQuigley%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Weigand&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Pacific Northwest; ungulates; herbivory; forests; yield; economics; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic variation in susceptibility to windthrow in young Douglas-fir AN - 16896513; 3590739 AB - The genetic component in susceptibility to windthrow was estimated among F2 full-sib families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) at an experimental forest site in western Oregon that was severely damaged by a storm on 7 January 1990. Progeny from half-diallel and factorial crosses had been planted in a randomized block design in two sets of three replications, one from seed sown in 1983 and another from seed sown in 1984. The proportion of trees within five-tree row family plots that were wind-thrown (PROP) and the proportion adjusted to remove the effect of mean plot height at 5 years (ADJPROP) were analyzed, the latter to test whether susceptibility to windthrow was primarily a function of wind resistance estimated from relative tree size. Trees in the 1983 set were 7 years old, averaging 2.1 m in height, and were produced from 87 crosses among 19 parent trees from four relatively low elevation seed sources in western Oregon and Washington. Trees in the 1984 set were 6 years old, averaging 1.6 m tall, and were produced from 51 crosses among 13 parent trees from one relatively high elevation seed source in western Oregon. Susceptibility or resistance to windthrow among parents was indicated by significant differences in proportion of windthrow in their progeny. In both sets, there was significant genetic variation in PROP and ADJPROP. The estimated total genetic component in the 1983 set, the sum of general combining ability (GCA) plus specific combining ability (SCA), accounted for 21.4% of the total variance in PROP and 18.6% of the total variance in ADJPROP (GCA percentage nearly equal to SCA percentage for both PROP and ADJPROP). In the 1984 set, GCA and SCA together accounted for 33.8% of the total variance in PROP (GCA percentage nearly equal to SCA percentage) and 22.6% of the total variance in ADJPROP. Results indicated that susceptibility to windthrow differed by family, and was significantly related to family height, but that height accounted for less than a third of the genetic component of variation. These data suggest that breeding for resistance to windthrow in Douglas-fir could be successful but would be expensive and probably reduce genetic gains in growth per generation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Silen, R R AU - Olson, D L AU - Weber, J C AD - Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., For. Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 17 EP - 28 VL - 61 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - genetics KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - USA, Oregon KW - windthrow KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Genetic+variation+in+susceptibility+to+windthrow+in+young+Douglas-fir&rft.au=Silen%2C+R+R%3BOlson%2C+D+L%3BWeber%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Silen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Oregon; windthrow; genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture, native revegetation, and Pinus lambertiana seedling survival, growth, and mycorrhiza formation following wildfire and grass seeding AN - 16895913; 3589510 AB - Grass seeding is widely used for erosion control, but its consequences for soil and regeneration following fire have been measured only infrequently. This study investigates the effect of grass seeding on the type and extent of plant cover; soil moisture percentage; and moisture stress, survival, growth, and root-tip and mycorrhiza formation of Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) seedlings in a clearcut intensely burned by wildfire. One-year-old containerized sugar pine seedlings were planted in seeded and nonseeded areas in Spring 1988 and 1989 in the Longwood Fire area of southwest Oregon. In 1988, tree seedlings in grass-seeded plots experienced intense competition from the grass, reduced root-tip and mycorrhiza formation, low levels of soil moisture to meet evapotranspirational demand, high levels of mortality, and reduced growth. In 1989, however, the opposite was true: tree seedlings in nonseeded plots experienced competition from invading native annuals and perennials, low levels of soil moisture in summer, and higher levels of mortality. The studies we report here further indicate that, in an area characterized by extended summer drought, annual ryegrass impeded regeneration of sugar pine during the first season following the fire. Native species cover and richness have been significantly reduced in the seeded area and may affect long-term soil stability, productivity, and conifer restoration. Seeding of annual ryegrass at high rates under these conditions would seem ill advised. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Amaranthus, M P AU - Trappe, J M AU - Perry, DA AD - U.S.D.A. For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Box 3890, Portland, OR 92708, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 188 EP - 195 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - soil water KW - incineration KW - drought KW - clearings KW - wildfire KW - Pinus lambertiana KW - Secale KW - seeding KW - mycorrhizas KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - vegetation KW - USA, Oregon KW - forests KW - erosion control KW - water stress KW - soil erosion KW - revegetation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture%2C+native+revegetation%2C+and+Pinus+lambertiana+seedling+survival%2C+growth%2C+and+mycorrhiza+formation+following+wildfire+and+grass+seeding&rft.au=Amaranthus%2C+M+P%3BTrappe%2C+J+M%3BPerry%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Amaranthus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus lambertiana; Secale; forests; revegetation; vegetation; erosion control; soil erosion; soil water; incineration; drought; water stress; USA, Oregon; clearings; wildfire; seeding; mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and cloning of a cyclic beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-D-glucan synthesis locus from Bradyrhizobium japonicum AN - 16892547; 3587205 AB - A cosmid clone complementing a cyclic beta -(1 arrow right 2)-glucan biosynthesis (ndvB) mutant of Rhizobium meliloti was isolated from a Bradyrhizobium japonicum gene library. This clone specified synthesis of beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-linked glucans in R. meliloti. The complemented strain was osmotically tolerant and symbiotically competent on alfalfa. Thus, beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-glucans can substitute functionally for beta -(1 arrow right 2)-glucans in R. meliloti. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean Alfalfa Res. Lab, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 139 EP - 144 VL - 114 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - beta -glucan KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning KW - Rhizobium meliloti KW - identification KW - loci KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - synthesis KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16892547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Identification+and+cloning+of+a+cyclic+beta+-%281+arrow+right+3%29%2C+beta+-%281+arrow+right+6%29-D-glucan+synthesis+locus+from+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A%3BTully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium meliloti; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; synthesis; loci; cloning; identification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rumen contents as a reservoir of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli AN - 16891375; 3587210 AB - We investigated the role of the rumen fermentation as a barrier to the foodborne pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7. Strains of E. coli, including several isolates of O157:H7, grew poorly in media which simulated the ruminal environment of a well-fed animal. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 did not display a superior tolerance to ruminal conditions which may facilitate their colonization of the bovine digestive tract. Unrestricted growth of E. coli was observed in rumen fluid collected from fasted cattle. Growth was inhibited by rumen fluid collected from well-fed animals. Well-fed animals appear less likely to become reservoirs for pathogenic E. coli. These results have implications for cattle slaughter practices and epidemiological studies of E. coli O157:H7. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Rasmussen, MA AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Casey, T A AU - Whipp, S C AD - Nat. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, PO Box 70, Ames, LA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 79 EP - 84 VL - 114 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - enterohemorrhagic strains KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - slaughter KW - reservoirs KW - fermentation KW - Escherichia coli KW - rumen microorganisms KW - food-borne diseases KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16891375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Rumen+contents+as+a+reservoir+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+MA%3BCray%2C+WC+Jr%3BCasey%2C+T+A%3BWhipp%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; rumen microorganisms; fermentation; food-borne diseases; reservoirs; slaughter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field observations of adult emergence and feeding behavior of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on dallisgrass ergot honeydew AN - 16890255; 3588518 AB - Timing and magnitude of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), emergence was measured in a corn, Zea mays (L.), field near College Station, TX. Approximately 15,500 H. zea per hectare were produced, with 85% of the moths emerging in a 10-d interval. Feeding H. zea moths were observed to be highly attracted to honeydew exudates of ergot, Claviceps paspali (F. L. Stevens & J. G. Hall) on infected florets of dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum (Poir.) in an adjacent pasture. Moths began feeding on the ergot at dusk. Feeding densities increased rapidly to peak at <1 h after sunset and then declined to relatively low levels by 2 h after sunset. Dissection analyses of sampled females showed that 95% were unmated, indicating that the characteristic age of the feeding moths was less than or equal to 1 d. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Beerwinkle, K R AU - Shaver, T N AU - Lopez, JD Jr AD - Crop Insect Pest Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Route 5, Box 808, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 554 EP - 558 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Texas KW - Claviceps paspali KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - ergot KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - feeding behavior KW - Noctuidae KW - attractants KW - emergence KW - USA KW - adults KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16890255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+observations+of+adult+emergence+and+feeding+behavior+of+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+on+dallisgrass+ergot+honeydew&rft.au=Beerwinkle%2C+K+R%3BShaver%2C+T+N%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr&rft.aulast=Beerwinkle&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; USA; adults; emergence; feeding behavior; attractants; ergot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of potato leafroll virus in leaf and aphid extracts by dot-blot hybridization AN - 16887394; 3577494 AB - Cloned cDNA to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) RNA was evaluated for detection of PLRV in virus-infected samples from four states and the countries of Colombia and Russia. The use of formaldehyde was 32 times more effective than formamide for denaturing leaf tissue extracts in the dot-blot assay, and the sensitivity of the technique was estimated to equal that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PLRV detection. These results, use of a commercial leaf sap extractor, detection of virus in bulk aphid samples, and use of the assay in a nonradioactive format demonstrate that the technology has potential for large-scale disease screening programs. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smith, O P AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Keller, C J AU - Beck, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Sci. Res. Unit, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1098 EP - 1102 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - aphids KW - dot-blot hybridization KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - potato leafroll virus KW - leaves KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Detection+of+potato+leafroll+virus+in+leaf+and+aphid+extracts+by+dot-blot+hybridization&rft.au=Smith%2C+O+P%3BDamsteegt%2C+V+D%3BKeller%2C+C+J%3BBeck%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - potato leafroll virus; leaves; detection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses and protection against infection and abortion in cattle experimentally vaccinated with mutant strains of Brucella abortus AN - 16884265; 3794391 AB - Twenty-four 10-month-old Polled Hereford heifers were inoculated SC with live cells of one of the following strains of Brucella abortus: S19 Delta 31K (n = 4), S19 Delta SOD (n = 4), RB51 (n = 4), and strain 19 (n = 6); controls (n = 6) were given saline solution. Heifers given the deletion mutants S19 Delta 31K and S19 Delta SOD, and those given strain 19 developed antibody responses to B. abortus and cutaneous reactions to brucellin. Heifers given strain RB51 did not develop antibodies that reacted in the standard tube agglutination test, but sera reacted in tests, using an antibody dot-blot assay containing RB51 antigen. The S19 Delta 31K and S19 Delta SOD strains of B. abortus isolated from lymph node tissue after vaccination did not differ genetically from the master stock strain. All heifers were bred naturally at 16 to 17 months of age, and were challenge-exposed intraconjunctivally with virulent B. abortus strain 2308 during the fifth month of pregnancy. All vaccinated heifers were protected (ie, none aborted and none had B. abortus isolated from their tissues after parturition). Calves born from vaccinated dams were free of B. abortus. Antibody responses in heifers after challenge exposure were an indicator of immunity. All 5 control heifers (nonvaccinated) developed serum antibodies after challenge exposure; 3 aborted, and 1 delivered a small, weak calf at 8.5 months of gestation. Thus, live mutant strains of B. abortus can induce protective immunity when given at 10 months of age, and strain RB51 is a strong candidate for further testing. (DBO) JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Cheville, N F AU - Stevens, M G AU - Jensen, A E AU - Tatum, F M AU - Halling, S M AD - USDA/ARS, Brucellosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1591 EP - 1597 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - abortion KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+and+protection+against+infection+and+abortion+in+cattle+experimentally+vaccinated+with+mutant+strains+of+Brucella+abortus&rft.au=Cheville%2C+N+F%3BStevens%2C+M+G%3BJensen%2C+A+E%3BTatum%2C+F+M%3BHalling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Cheville&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; abortion; immune response; vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Where do chemicals go when it rains? AN - 16882369; 3584235 AB - Over A 15-week period last spring from planning to harvest, the author created 12 heavy rains in the first part of a 2-year study to measure agrichemical runoff. Those rains are yielding a downpour of data for researchers with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton. The purpose of the research, partially funded by a grant authorized by the USDA National Water Quality Initiative, is to simultaneously measure the movement of water, chemicals, and soil caused by heavy rains. They want to track that movement off crop leaves, as well as into the soil and off the field. While many of the applied chemicals break down and degrade before such rains occur, some can pollute ground- or surface-water supplies if it rains too hard too soon after they are applied. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Wauchope, D AD - USDA-ARS Nematodes, Weeds, and Crops Res. Unit, Georgia Coast. Plain Exper. Stn., P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 20 EP - 21 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - research programs KW - stormwater runoff KW - storm runoff KW - path of pollutants KW - agricultural chemicals KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water sampling KW - USA KW - precipitation KW - agricultural runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Where+do+chemicals+go+when+it+rains%3F&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural runoff; water sampling; storm runoff; precipitation; path of pollutants; agricultural chemicals; USA; research programs; stormwater runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of short-chain fatty acids on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in an in vitro system AN - 16882162; 3586439 AB - Previous studies have revealed a reduction of cecal Salmonella carriage from feeding either carbohydrate or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This in vitro study presents a profile of the relative SCFA content of the ceca when chicks are fed an unmedicated diet with 2.5% carbohydrate. Subsequent incorporation of these acids into culture medium was used to demonstrate their antagonistic activity toward in vitro growth of Salmonella typhimurium. Commonly found concentrations of SCFAs based upon the above findings reduced in vitro Salmonella growth by at least 50%, and 10x concentrations inhibited growth more than 80%. An explanation of the mechanism(s) involved in growth reduction is offered. JF - Avian Diseases AU - McHan, F AU - Shotts, E B AD - USDA, ARS, Russell Res. Cent., Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 396 EP - 398 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - fatty acids KW - inhibition KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - mechanisms KW - Salmonella KW - competition KW - growth KW - A 01018:Animal foods KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+short-chain+fatty+acids+on+the+growth+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+in+an+in+vitro+system&rft.au=McHan%2C+F%3BShotts%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=McHan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella; growth; fatty acids; inhibition; competition; mechanisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of Pasteurella haemolytica subunit antigens in a goat model of pasteurellosis AN - 16877667; 3794385 AB - The effectiveness of Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (Ph1) subunit vaccines was tested in goats, using challenge exposure by transthoracic injection. Twenty-two weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 4 groups. Six goats were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 18 days apart with live Ph1 impregnated in agar beads (positive controls). Six goats were not given injections (negative controls). Five goats were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 18 days apart with 4.6 mg of cytotoxin in agar beads. The remaining 5 goats were given 2 IM injections, 18 days apart, into the thigh with 4.6 mg of cytotoxin emulsified in incomplete Freunds' adjuvant. Twenty-four days after the second injection, all goats were challenge-exposed to live Ph1 by transthoracic injection into the lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Serum neutralizing anticytotoxin titer was measured throughout the experiment. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was 0.38 cm super(3) for the positive control group, 32 cm super(3) for the negative control group; 19 cm super(3) for the cytotoxin-lung group; and 88 cm super(3) for the cytotoxin-adjuvant-IM group. Only the positive control group was protected from Ph1 challenge exposure. The Ph1 cytotoxin subunit vaccine alone appeared to be ineffective, and the anticytotoxin titer was not correlated with protection. In a separate trial, 32 weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 5 groups. Each was given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 22 days apart. Six goats were given Ph1 cytotoxin impregnated into agar beads; 6 were given Ph1 lipopolysaccharide impregnated in agar beads; 6 were given Ph1 capsule impregnated in agar beads. Six goats were given agar beads only (negative controls), and 6 were given live Ph1 impregnated into agar beads (positive controls). Twenty days after the second injection, all goats were challenge-exposed to live Ph1 by transthoracic injection into the lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was 0.14 cm super(3) for the positive control group, 7.59 cm super(3) for the negative control group, 11.21 cm super(3) for the cytotoxin group, 10.19 cm super(3) for the lipopolysaccharide group, and 1.6 cm super(3) for the capsule group. Again, only injection of live Ph1 (positive controls) induced solid protection; however, the capsule subunit vaccine induced partial protection against challenge exposure in this trial. Lipopolysaccharide and cytotoxin subunit vaccines were ineffective in protecting goats against challenge exposure with live Ph1. (DBO) JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Struck, D AU - Foster, G S AD - USDA/ARS, Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1637 EP - 1647 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - goats KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - pasteurellosis KW - antigens KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16877667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+subunit+antigens+in+a+goat+model+of+pasteurellosis&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BStruck%2C+D%3BFoster%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; pasteurellosis; antigens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research achievements in plant resistance to insect pests of cool season food legumes AN - 16876305; 3581285 AB - Plant resistance to at least 17 field and storage insect pests of cool season food legumes has been identified. For the most part, this resistance was located in the primary gene pools of grain legumes via conventional laboratory, greenhouse, and field screening methods. The use of analytical techniques (i.e., capillary gas chromatography) to characterize plant chemicals that mediate the host selection behavior of pest insects offers promise as a new, more rapid way to differentiate between insect-resistant and susceptible plant material. Examples of research achievements in mechanisms of resistance and host-plant resistance within the context of integrated control programs are discussed. Accelerating the development and subsequent releases of insect-resistant cultivars to pulse farmers requires more involvement from interdisciplinary teams of plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, plant chemists, molecular biologists, and other scientists. JF - Euphytica AU - Clement, S L AU - El-Din Sharaf El-Din, N AU - Weigand, S AU - Lateef, S S AD - USDA-ARS, Reg. Plant Introd. Stn., 59 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 41 EP - 50 VL - 73 IS - 1-2 SN - 0014-2336, 0014-2336 KW - gene pool KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Cicer arietinum KW - reviews KW - Lathyrus sativus KW - Lens culinaris KW - Pisum sativum KW - screening projects KW - pest resistance KW - screening KW - resistance KW - Vicia faba KW - legumes KW - Insecta KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=Research+achievements+in+plant+resistance+to+insect+pests+of+cool+season+food+legumes&rft.au=Clement%2C+S+L%3BEl-Din+Sharaf+El-Din%2C+N%3BWeigand%2C+S%3BLateef%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euphytica&rft.issn=00142336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; reviews; screening; resistance; legumes; screening projects; Cicer arietinum; Lathyrus sativus; Lens culinaris; Vicia faba; Pisum sativum; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid biorecognition assay for herbicides in biological matrices AN - 16873259; 3584044 AB - A rapid assay capable of detecting several commonly used herbicides at nanogram per milliliter concentrations in biological fluids is described. The assay is based on inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach thylakoids by the target compounds with colorimetric detection using a redox dye. Using a microtiter plate format, high throughput assays of water, urine, and homogenized tissue were performed in minutes with minimal sample preparation. Detection limits of 3 ng/mL for atrazine, 3 ng/mL for diuron, and 1 ng/mL for terbutryn were observed. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Brewster, J D AU - Lightfield, A R AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2415 EP - 2419 VL - 65 IS - 18 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - detection KW - herbicides KW - assays KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16873259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Rapid+biorecognition+assay+for+herbicides+in+biological+matrices&rft.au=Brewster%2C+J+D%3BLightfield%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; detection; assays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host-size preference of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae [Hym.: Pteromalidae] on Sitophilus zeamais (Col.: Curculionidae) larvae with a uniform age distribution AN - 16872271; 3581547 AB - First generation Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) collected from commercial stored maize in South Carolina were exposed to a mixture of all sizes of immature Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, representative of a uniform age distribution, in shelled maize. Eighty-seven percent of parasitism is expected on larvae with tunnel diameters of 0.9 to 1.8 mm and 6% on prepupae and pupae, given this host-size distribution. Preference was greatest for large host larvae (1.6 mm diameter), intermediate for other larvae in the range 0.9 to 1.8 mm, and least for pupae and small larvae. Host-stage preference is discussed with respect to Chesson's (1983) parameters for preference, alpha sub(i), probability of parasitism, P sub(i), and electivity index epsilon sub(i). JF - Entomophaga AU - Smith, L AD - Stored-Prod. Insects R&D Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 22909, Savannah, GA 31403, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 225 EP - 233 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Anisopteromalus calandrae KW - host preferences KW - age composition KW - parasitoids KW - Sitophilus zeamais KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Curculionidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16872271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Host-size+preference+of+the+parasitoid+Anisopteromalus+calandrae+%5BHym.%3A+Pteromalidae%5D+on+Sitophilus+zeamais+%28Col.%3A+Curculionidae%29+larvae+with+a+uniform+age+distribution&rft.au=Smith%2C+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anisopteromalus calandrae; Sitophilus zeamais; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; USA, South Carolina; host preferences; parasitoids; age composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence and ecological relationships of pupal parasitism by Brachymeria intermedia in New Jersey populations of the gypsy moth AN - 16871399; 3584154 AB - Pupal parasitism of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was monitored in 15 study plots in New Jersey from 1978 to 1988. The predominant parasitoid was a chalcidid wasp, Brachymeria intermedia (Nees), which was found in only six plots. Parasitism was generally observed in the year of or preceding the peak numbers of gypsy moth egg masses. Parasitism exceeded 4% in only one plot. Percentage parasitism was correlated significantly with numbers of egg masses per hectare in the current season and with numbers of pupae per plot in the previous season, suggesting delayed density dependence. A multiple regression analysis found percentage parasitism to be correlated significantly with percentage infection by nuclear polyhedrosis virus, density of male host pupae, and mean minimum temperature in August and March. A canonical discriminant analysis carried out to distinguish study plots with and without the parasitoid was significant. Plots with B. intermedia had relatively higher host populations and defoliation. JF - Entomophaga AU - Williams, D W AU - Fuester, R W AU - Metterhouse, W W AU - Balaam, R J AU - Bullock, R H AU - Chianese, R J AU - Reardon, R C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 5 Radnor Corporate Cent., 100 Matsonford Rd., Suite 200, Radnor, PA 19087, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 257 EP - 266 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Brachymeria intermedia KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, New Jersey KW - pupae KW - Lepidoptera KW - parasitism KW - Lymantriidae KW - host-parasite interactions KW - ecology KW - Hymenoptera KW - Chalcididae KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Incidence+and+ecological+relationships+of+pupal+parasitism+by+Brachymeria+intermedia+in+New+Jersey+populations+of+the+gypsy+moth&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BFuester%2C+R+W%3BMetterhouse%2C+W+W%3BBalaam%2C+R+J%3BBullock%2C+R+H%3BChianese%2C+R+J%3BReardon%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; Chalcididae; Hymenoptera; USA, New Jersey; parasitism; pupae; host-parasite interactions; ecology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of nuclear division in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during in vitro development AN - 16868034; 3578695 AB - The number of nuclei in spores and along hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita was measured in digital images of fluorescence arising from mithramycin stained cultures. Typical dormant spores (250 mu m diameter) contained 2000 nuclei. Eight hundred nuclei were mobilized during the first 3 days of germination. The number of nuclei in the spores nearly returned to the initial number after 22 days of hyphal growth. The average relative DNA content in the nuclei of dormant spores and in the nuclei of spores incubated for 22 days was comparable, as judged from fluorescence intensity. Hyphal elongation occurred with 460 nuclei per cm under a special set of in vitro conditions that promote extensive hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We found an average total of 26 000 hyphal nuclei per germinating spore after 22 days. The specific DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor aphidicolin did not inhibit spore germination but it rapidly reduced the rate of hyphal growth and arrested growth after 4 days. No nuclei were produced de novo during this time. JF - Protoplasma AU - Becard, G AU - Pfeffer, P E AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 62 EP - 68 VL - 174 IS - 1-2 SN - 0033-183X, 0033-183X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nuclear division KW - in vitro KW - mycorrhizas KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - fungi KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16868034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protoplasma&rft.atitle=Status+of+nuclear+division+in+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi+during+in+vitro+development&rft.au=Becard%2C+G%3BPfeffer%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Becard&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Protoplasma&rft.issn=0033183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora margarita; mycorrhizas; fungi; nuclear division; in vitro; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular detection of diverse mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows and their classification with aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows MLOs AN - 16867011; 3578199 AB - Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and restriction analyses of PCR-amplified DNA were used to detect and differentiate strains of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows detected in naturally diseased grapevines in the United States and Italy. At least three major groups of grapevine-infecting MLOs were delineated. FDVA1 MLO, discovered in yellows-diseased grapevines in Virginia, and flavescence doree MLO strain FDU from northern Italy were classified with X-disease MLOs; grapevine yellows-associated MLO strains FDG from Germany, CA1, CH1, SAN1, and SAN2 from northern Italy, and FDB and FDR from southern Italy were classified with aster yellows MLOs; and flavescence doree MLO strain FDF from France was classified in the elm yellows MLO group. The data support consideration of grapevine yellows as a complex of several diseases of diverse etiologies. JF - Phytopathology AU - Prince, J P AU - Davis, R E AU - Wolf, T K AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AU - Mogen, B D AU - Dally, EL AU - Bertaccini, A AU - Credi, R AU - Barba, M AD - USDA-ARS Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1130 EP - 1137 VL - 83 IS - 10 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma-like organisms KW - diagnosis KW - detection KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - plant diseases KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16867011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Molecular+detection+of+diverse+mycoplasmalike+organisms+%28MLOs%29+associated+with+grapevine+yellows+and+their+classification+with+aster+yellows%2C+X-disease%2C+and+elm+yellows+MLOs&rft.au=Prince%2C+J+P%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BWolf%2C+T+K%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming%3BMogen%2C+B+D%3BDally%2C+EL%3BBertaccini%2C+A%3BCredi%2C+R%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma-like organisms; detection; plant diseases; diagnosis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling tree mortality following wildfire in Pinus ponderosa forests in the central Sierra Nevada of California AN - 16865981; 3575310 AB - We modeled tree mortality occurring two years following wildfire in Pinus ponderosa forests using data from 1275 trees in 25 stands burned during the 1987 Stanislaus Complex fires. We used logistic regression analysis to develop models relating the probability of wildfire-induced mortality with tree size and fire severity for Pinus ponderosa, Calocedrus decurrens, Quercus chrysolepis, and Q. kelloggii. One set of models predicts mortality probability as a function of DBH and height of stem-bark char, a second set of models uses relative char height (height of stem-bark char as a proportion of tree height) as the predictor. Probability of mortality increased with increasing height of stem-bark char and decreased with increasing tree DBH and height. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that both sets of models is perform well for all species, with 83 to 96 percent concordance between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes. The models can be used to predict the probability of post-wildfire mortality of four tree species common in Pinus ponderosa forests in the central Sierra Nevada of California. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Regelbrugge, J C AU - Conard, S G AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 139 EP - 148 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - models KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus kelloggii KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - fires KW - mortality KW - USA, California KW - Calocedrus decurrens KW - Quercus chrysolepis KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16865981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Modeling+tree+mortality+following+wildfire+in+Pinus+ponderosa+forests+in+the+central+Sierra+Nevada+of+California&rft.au=Regelbrugge%2C+J+C%3BConard%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Regelbrugge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Calocedrus decurrens; Quercus chrysolepis; Quercus kelloggii; USA, California; fires; mortality; models; wildfire ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced disease resistance to enteric septicemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, administered lytic peptide AN - 16864790; 3573498 AB - Lytic peptides have been shown in vitro to be toxic to a wide range of fish bacterial pathogens, including Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent for enteric septicemia. Fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were challenged with an injection of Edwardsiella ictaluri, and lytic peptide was administered with a single intraperitoneal injection 24 hours later. In a second group, lytic peptide was also administered by osmotic pump 7 days before the bacterial challenge. A range of peptide concentrations (20-400 mu g/g fish) was used. Mortalities were recorded for 7 days after injection of bacteria, and E. ictaluri was isolated and quantified by standard plate counts from livers. Various tissues were examined for abnormalities due to bacteria and peptide treatment. Fish injected with lytic peptide at 400 mu g/g had up to a 95% reduction in bacteria and a 65% reduction in mortality compared to complete mortality in bacteria-injected controls. Fish implanted with osmotic pumps had 99.3% reduction in bacterial counts and had 6% mortality. Tissue samples from infected fish showed changes typical of reaction to immunologic stimuli and infection, while control fish injected with saline or peptide had normal gills, spleens, and kidneys. This study shows the potential for enhancing channel catfish disease resistance to E. ictaluri and other diseases by transferring the gene coding for the lytic peptide into channel catfish. JF - Journal of Applied Aquaculture AU - Kelly, D G AU - Wolters, W R AU - Jaynes, J M AU - Newton, J C AD - USDA/ARS Catfish Genetics Res. Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 34 VL - 3 IS - 1-2 SN - 1045-4438, 1045-4438 KW - bacterial diseases KW - enteric septicemia KW - fish diseases KW - lytic peptide KW - septicemia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - immunology KW - mortality KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16864790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Enhanced+disease+resistance+to+enteric+septicemia+in+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus%2C+administered+lytic+peptide&rft.au=Kelly%2C+D+G%3BWolters%2C+W+R%3BJaynes%2C+J+M%3BNewton%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.issn=10454438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; immunology; fish diseases; mortality; bacterial diseases; septicemia; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Monitoring urban forest health AN - 16864179; 3575084 AB - Renewed interest in urban forestry has resulted in significant public investment in trees during the past few years, yet comprehensive urban forest monitoring programs are uncommon. Monitoring is an integral component of a program to sustain healthy community forests and long term flows of net benefits. Volunteer-based monitoring will promote continued public involvement and support in community forestry. To overcome constraints to monitoring in urban environments, programs must be personally relevant, socially desirable, scientifically credible, and economically feasible. A three-tiered monitoring approach is presented. Canopy cover analysis documents net gains and losses in regional urban forest cover. Simplified detection monitoring uses trained volunteers to better understand tree population dynamics, while intensive monitoring characterizes urban forest functions and stressors. Implementation of an urban forest health initiative to develop, place, and evaluate monitoring programs is advocated. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - McPherson, E G Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 165 EP - 174 VL - 26 IS - 2-3 KW - urban environments KW - leaf area KW - environmental stress KW - volunteers KW - urban areas KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - environmental monitoring KW - D 04695:Urban environments KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16864179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Monitoring+urban+forest+health&rft.au=McPherson%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Byram's derivation of the energy criterion for forest and wildland fires AN - 16856676; 3575292 AB - G.M. Byram's energy criterion for forest and wildland fires consists of two equations: one for computing the rate of flow of kinetic energy in the atmosphere due to the wind field (P sub(w)), and one for estimating the rate of conversion of thermal energy to kinetic energy in the convection column (P sub(f)). The derivation of the equations has remained unpublished since their introduction in 1959. Byram considered the dimensionless ratio of P sub(f) to P sub(w) an indicator of the vertical structure of convection over a fire and referred to the ratio as the convection number, N sub(c). In view of past and current interest in the behavior of large fires, Byram's derivation of the equations for P sub(w) and P sub(f) is presented along with a sketch and some additional wording for purposes of clarification. The assumptions and possible limitations in Byram's analysis are discussed. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Nelson, RM Jr AD - Intermountain Res. Stn., Intermountain Fire Sci. Lab., Forest Serv., USDA, 37 Battery Park Ave., Room 283A, Asheville, NC 28801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 131 EP - 138 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Bryam's energy criterion KW - energy flow KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - mathematical models KW - fires KW - wilderness KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16856676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Byram%27s+derivation+of+the+energy+criterion+for+forest+and+wildland+fires&rft.au=Nelson%2C+RM+Jr&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fires; forests; wilderness; mathematical models; energy flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between clinical lameness and Borrelia burgdorferi antibody in dairy cows AN - 16854987; 3573675 AB - Results of an ELISA, indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, and immunoblot analysis (western blotting) for antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in a sample of 216 lactating dairy cows were compared. The microscopic microtitration agglutination test for antibody to 6 serovars of Leptospira interrogans was also performed to evaluate possible cross-reactivity between B. burgdorferi and L. interrogans. Using western blotting as the standard test against which the ELISA and IFA test were compared, the ELISA had greater sensitivity (50% in summer and 38% in spring) with similar specificity (83 and 82%), compared with the IFA test (sensitivity, 6 and 5%; specificity, 90 and 83%). In addition, seropositivity to B. burgdorferi, using the ELISA, was not found to be associated with seropositivity to L. interrogans serovars. A matched case-control study evaluating the association between clinical lameness and antibody to B. burgdorferi was performed in lactating dairy cows of 17 Minnesota and Wisconsin herds. Sera from case and control cows matched by herd, parity, and stage of lactation were evaluated, using an ELISA for B. burgdorferi antibody during 2 seasons. High B. burgdorferi antibody values were associated with clinical lameness in dairy cows (P = 0.006 in summer and P = 0.04 in spring). JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Wells, S J AU - Trent, A M AU - Robinson, R A AU - Knutson, K S AU - Bey, R F AD - USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl. Anim. Health Monitoring System, 555 S. Howes, Ste 200, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 398 EP - 405 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - lameness KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - dairy industry KW - association KW - Leptospira interrogans KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16854987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Association+between+clinical+lameness+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi+antibody+in+dairy+cows&rft.au=Wells%2C+S+J%3BTrent%2C+A+M%3BRobinson%2C+R+A%3BKnutson%2C+K+S%3BBey%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Leptospira interrogans; dairy industry; antibodies; association; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation by spiders on ground-released screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a mountainous area of southern Mexico AN - 16853317; 3568973 JF - Journal of Arachnology AU - Welch, J B AD - USDA-ARS Screwworm Res. Cent., Space Res., WRW 402, Univ. Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1085, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 23 EP - 28 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0161-8202, 0161-8202 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - predation KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - mountains KW - Mexico KW - Araneae KW - Diptera KW - Calliphoridae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16853317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arachnology&rft.atitle=Predation+by+spiders+on+ground-released+screwworm+flies%2C+Cochliomyia+hominivorax+%28Diptera%3A+Calliphoridae%29+in+a+mountainous+area+of+southern+Mexico&rft.au=Welch%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arachnology&rft.issn=01618202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliomyia hominivorax; Calliphoridae; Diptera; Araneae; Mexico; predation; mountains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction fragment length polymorphisms distinguish Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis isolates from different geographical locations AN - 16851823; 3562191 AB - Genetic variability among Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis isolates representing several geographical regions was determined by restriction endonuclease analysis. Five previously unidentified EcoRI digestion patterns and one previously unidentified HhaI digestion pattern were seen with the various isolates. The copy number and genomic distribution of an L. borgpetersenii insertion sequence (IS1533) was determined. Hardjo-bovis isolate 033 (the type strain for hardjo-bovis) contained 40 well dispersed copies of IS1533. IS1533 probes were used to compare hardjo-bovis isolates by DNA blot hybridization analysis. Use of these probes showed the presence of additional genetic heterogeneity among hardjo-bovis isolates, which restriction endonuclease analysis did not show. Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of DNAs from several isolates suggested that some polymorphisms arose by genomic rearrangements. All hardjo-bovis isolates were categorized into 14 distinct groups on the basis of common hybridization and endonuclease digestion patterns. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Ellis, WA AU - Bolin, CA AU - Montgomery, J M AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 578 EP - 583 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - genetic variability KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - isolates KW - Leptospira borgpetersenii KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - determination KW - methodology KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16851823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Restriction+fragment+length+polymorphisms+distinguish+Leptospira+borgpetersenii+serovar+hardjo+type+hardjo-bovis+isolates+from+different+geographical+locations&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BEllis%2C+WA%3BBolin%2C+CA%3BMontgomery%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira borgpetersenii; isolates; methodology; determination; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting and measuring drift of Bacillus thuringiensis sprays AN - 16848668; 3568683 AB - Drift of the pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Bt) was measured downwind from a gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) treatment block in mountain terrain. The study was conducted in conjunction with a project to eradicate the moth along the Wasatch mountain range of Utah. Objectives of the study were to quantitate drift, to evaluate drift sampling methods, and to compare FSCBG (Forest Service Cramer-Barry-Grim) computer model predictions to field measurements of Bt based on colony-forming units. The treatment block was sprayed by helicopter three times, within a 12-d period during June 1991, which provided a study of three replicates. During each spray, downslope drainage winds carried the spray over an array of samplers that extended 3,150 m downwind. The FSCBG dispersion model, exercised after the treatments, used meteorological inputs measured during the treatments to predict spray deposition and airborne dosage of Bt. Results of the study demonstrated a correlation among dosage, deposition and total flux samplers; a potential of Bt drift of at least 3,150 m; and FSCBG model predictions that generally followed the field recovery data. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Barry, J W AU - Skyler, P J AU - Teske, ME AU - Rafferty, JA AU - Grim, B S AD - USDA, Forest Serv., 2121C Second St., Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1977 EP - 1989 VL - 12 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - sprays KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - drift KW - pesticides KW - measurement KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16848668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Predicting+and+measuring+drift+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+sprays&rft.au=Barry%2C+J+W%3BSkyler%2C+P+J%3BTeske%2C+ME%3BRafferty%2C+JA%3BGrim%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sprays; drift; pesticides; measurement; Bacillus thuringiensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro stimulation of forage fiber degradation by ruminal microorganisms with Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract AN - 16842493; 3565745 AB - Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (Amaferm) was evaluated for its ability to influence degradation of brome grass and switchgrass fiber fractions by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro. Addition of Amaferm at a concentration of 0.067 mg/ml, which is approximately the concentration found in the rumen ecosystem (0.06 mg/ml), increased the degradation of brome grass neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 28% after fermentation for 12 h, but had no effect after fermentation for 24 or 48 h. The levels of degradation of both the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were increased after fermentation for 12 h. Additions of 0.08 and 8% (vol/vol) Amaferm filtrate (12.5 g/100 ml) stimulated degradation of switchgrass NDF by 12 and 24%, respectively, after fermentation for 12 h; when 80% filtrate was added, degradation was decreased by 38%. The concentrations of total anaerobes in culture tubes containing 80% filtrate were 5 times greater than the concentrations in the controls; however, the concentrations of cellulolytic organisms were 3.5 times lower than the concentrations in the controls. These results suggested that the filtrate contained high concentrations of soluble substrate which did not allow the cellulolytic organisms to compete well with other populations. The remaining concentrations of esterified p-coumaric and ferulic acids were lower at 12 h in NDF residues obtained from fermentation mixtures supplemented with Amaferm. Because the total anaerobes were not inhibited in fermentation mixtures containing Amaferm, antibiotics are unlikely to be involved as a mode of action for increasing NDF degradation. The possibility that Amaferm contains enzymes (possibly esterases) that may play a role in stimulating the rate of fiber degradation by mixed ruminal microorganisms by removal of plant cell wall phenolic acid esters is discussed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Varel, V H AU - Kreikemeier, K K AU - Jung, H-JG AU - Hatfield, R D AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3171 EP - 3176 VL - 59 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - in vitro stimulation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus oryzae KW - biodegradation KW - feeds KW - fibers KW - forage KW - fermentation KW - extracts KW - rumen microorganisms KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+stimulation+of+forage+fiber+degradation+by+ruminal+microorganisms+with+Aspergillus+oryzae+fermentation+extract&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H%3BKreikemeier%2C+K+K%3BJung%2C+H-JG%3BHatfield%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feeds; biodegradation; fibers; forage; fermentation; extracts; rumen microorganisms; Aspergillus oryzae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and characterization of advanced potato breeding clones for resistance to scab by cluster analysis AN - 16838164; 3562938 AB - Seventeen potato breeding lines and four cultivars were evaluated in replicated field trials in Presque Isle, Maine, from 1988 to 1991 for their reaction to scab (Streptomyces scabies). All tubers were individually scored for type of lesion (0 = none to 5 = pitted scab) and surface area covered (0 = 0% to 12 = 100%). Computations were made for lesion index (LI), surface area index (SAI), and overall scab index (OSI). Analyses of variance of LI, SAI, and OSI revealed significant differences among potato lines in 1989-1991. Cluster analyses on the combination of LI and SAI were superior to clustering on OSI alone. Five clusters were defined in 1989-1991. Cluster analysis provides a means to quantitatively compare the scab reactions of new germ plasm with that of cultivars used as disease standards. JF - Plant Disease AU - Goth, R W AU - Haynes, K G AU - Wilson AD - USDA-ARS, Veg. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 911 EP - 914 VL - 77 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - scab KW - Streptomyces scabies KW - plant breeding KW - methodology KW - evaluation KW - A 01028:Others KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16838164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+characterization+of+advanced+potato+breeding+clones+for+resistance+to+scab+by+cluster+analysis&rft.au=Goth%2C+R+W%3BHaynes%2C+K+G%3BWilson&rft.aulast=Goth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; scab; plant breeding; methodology; evaluation; Solanum tuberosum; Streptomyces scabies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Comparative developmental biology and food consumption and utilization AN - 16836672; 3559523 AB - Developmental biology and food consumption and utilization of male and female southwestern corn borers, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, and fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were compared when reared on a meridic diet. Variations in some developmental parameters were sex-related. Female southwestern corn borer larvae ( gamma 8 d old) and pupae were significantly heavier, had significantly wider head capsules in fourth and fifth instars, and had a significantly longer developmental period than males, but their pupal developmental periods did not differ. In fall armyworm, the only developmental parameter that differed between sexes was the pupal developmental period (significantly shorter in females). Food consumption and utilization by selected larval age groups were estimated with indices for the amount of food ingested, diet assimilated, approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and efficiency of conversion of assimilated food (ECD). Five-, 7-, and 8-d-old southwestern corn borer males and females had equivalent weight gains, and food consumption and utilization. However, 10-, 13-, and 15-d-old females gained significantly more weight, ingested and digested significantly more and had significantly higher ECI and ECD values than comparably aged males. The AD values of these three age groups did not differ significantly between sexes. In contrast, no significant differences in weight gained or in any of the estimated food consumption and utilization indices at all age groups studied were observed between male and female fall armyworm larvae. Thus, variation of developmental biologies of these lepidopterous species are not only species-related but also sex-related. Use of developmental parameters of insects as indicators to measure or compare experimental treatment effects or as criteria for selecting insects to be used in an experiment must be done with caution. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Ng, Sen Seong AU - Davis, F M AU - Reese, J C AD - Crop Sci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 394 EP - 400 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - development KW - Lepidoptera KW - food consumption KW - energy utilization KW - Noctuidae KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Diatraea grandiosella KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16836672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Southwestern+corn+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+and+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%3A+Comparative+developmental+biology+and+food+consumption+and+utilization&rft.au=Ng%2C+Sen+Seong%3BDavis%2C+F+M%3BReese%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Sen&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diatraea grandiosella; Spodoptera frugiperda; Pyralidae; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; development; food consumption; energy utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiotelemetry temperature responses of mammary gland and body to intramammary injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin or Streptococcus agalactiae in lactating dairy cows AN - 16833574; 3561470 AB - To investigate the feasibility of using changes in body or mammary temperature to detect mastitis, radiotransmitters were implanted midway between rear udder quarters and in the peritoneal cavity of 5 Holstein cows (1 to 3 months in lactation) housed in an environmental chamber (16 C; lights on 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM). After a 6-week control period, Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.5 mg) was injected after the morning milking into left rear teat cisterns via the teat canal. Wisconsin mastitis test score and somatic cell count in all quarters increased significantly by the next milking. Effects were greatest in the endotoxin-exposed quarters. Milk yields for all quarters decreased significantly by the first milking after endotoxin injection. Udder and body temperatures at milkings were similar and were not affected by treatment. When temperatures were averaged for the 5 cows for each of 120 time points/d, average temperatures, relative to time of injection of endotoxin, were increased by 0.5 C above baseline at 2.75 hours, peaked at +2.9 C at 6.50 hours, and remained high through 9.25 hours after injection. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Lefcourt, A M AU - Bitman, J AU - Wood, D L AU - Stroud, B AU - Schultze, W D AD - USDA-ARS, Livest. and Poult. Sci. Inst., Build. 179, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 798 EP - 804 VL - 54 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - endotoxins KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Escherichia coli KW - body temperature KW - mammary gland KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16833574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Radiotelemetry+temperature+responses+of+mammary+gland+and+body+to+intramammary+injection+of+Escherichia+coli+endotoxin+or+Streptococcus+agalactiae+in+lactating+dairy+cows&rft.au=Lefcourt%2C+A+M%3BBitman%2C+J%3BWood%2C+D+L%3BStroud%2C+B%3BSchultze%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Lefcourt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=798&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Streptococcus agalactiae; endotoxins; body temperature; mammary gland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Network and subwatershed parameters extracted from digital elevation models: The Bills Creek experience AN - 16831384; 3565625 AB - An automated extraction of channel network and subwatershed characteristics from digital elevation models (DEM) is performed by model DEDNM. This model can process DEM data of limited vertical resolution representing low relief terrain. Such representations often include ill-defined drainage boundaries and indeterminate flow paths. The application watershed in an 84 km super(2) low relief watershed in southwestern Oklahoma. The standard for validation is the network and subwatershed parameters defined by the blue line method on USGS 7.5-minute topographic maps. Evaluation of the generated and validation networks by visual comparisons shows a high degree of correlation. Comparison of selected network parameters (channel length, slope, drainage density, etc.) and of drainage network composition (bifurcation, length, slope, and area ratios) shows that, on the average, the generated parameters are within 5 percent of those derived from the validation net work. The largest discrepancies were found for the channel slope values. The results of this application demonstrate that DEDNM effectively addresses network definition problems often encountered in low relief terrain and that it can generate accurate network and subwatershed parameters under those conditions. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Martz, L W AD - USDA, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 909 EP - 916 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - USA, Oklahoma, Bills Creek KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - model studies KW - topography KW - drainage patterns KW - watersheds KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Network+and+subwatershed+parameters+extracted+from+digital+elevation+models%3A+The+Bills+Creek+experience&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BMartz%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; topography; drainage patterns; watersheds; hydrology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and mutagenesis of a cytochrome P-450 locus from Bradyrhizobium japonicum that is expressed anaerobically and symbiotically AN - 16831371; 3551305 AB - Cytochromes P-450, which in many organisms participate in the metabolism of a variety of endobiotic and xenobiotic substances, are synthesized by symbiotic bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against two cytochromes P-450 (CYP112 and CYP114) purified from bacteroids. A lambda gt11 expression clone of B. japonicum USDA 110 DNA that reacted with the anti-CYP112 antibody was obtained and was used to screen a library of USDA 110 genomic DNA in pLAFR1 for a clone of the P-450 locus. Forced expression of subclones of the P-450 locus in Escherichia coli produced polypeptides that reacted with either the anti-CYP112 antibody or the anti-CYP114 antibody; no cross-reactivity was evident. A Western blot (immunoblot) analysis showed that neither protein was present in free-living aerobically grown B. japonicum cells, but that both proteins were present in cells grown anaerobically, as well as in bacteroids. A mutant strain disrupted in the CYP112 locus produced neither CYP112 nor CYP114, indicating that the mutation was polar for CYP114. The mutant produced effective nodules on soybeans, even though the bacteroids contained no detectable P-450. This suggests that the cytochromes P-450 which we examined are not involved in an essential symbiotic function. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 011, HH-19, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent. W., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4136 EP - 4142 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cytochrome P450 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning KW - genes KW - gene expression KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - xenobiotics KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+mutagenesis+of+a+cytochrome+P-450+locus+from+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+that+is+expressed+anaerobically+and+symbiotically&rft.au=Tully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning; genes; gene expression; xenobiotics; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catastrophic and background disturbance of tropical ecosystems at the Luquillo Experimental Forest AN - 16829818; 3565241 AB - The forests of the Luquillo Experimental Forest Long-Term Ecological Research site are subject to low-intensity, widespread disturbance that establishes levels of background mortality that contrast with periodic catastrophic mortality resulting from hurricanes and landslides. Although catastrophic mortality is more dramatic, background mortality is still more important in determining population turnover. However, catastrophic mortality may still be an important agent in determining ecosystem structure. Catastrophic disturbances affect forest function in many ways besides mortality, some of which are only apparent in the context of long-term studies. Since most ecosystems are subject to some form of catastrophic disturbance, general principles can be derived from comparative studies of disturbance in different systems. JF - Journal of biosciences AU - Lugo, A E AU - Waide, R B AD - Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-2500, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 475 EP - 481 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0250-5991, 0250-5991 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - natural disturbance KW - mortality KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biosciences&rft.atitle=Catastrophic+and+background+disturbance+of+tropical+ecosystems+at+the+Luquillo+Experimental+Forest&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BWaide%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biosciences&rft.issn=02505991&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; natural disturbance; mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spray droplet size for water and paraffinic oil applied at ultralow volume AN - 16824823; 3558441 AB - Spray droplet size of water and paraffinic oil was affected by air pressure, nozzle type, and liquid flow rate when applied with an ultralow volume (ULV), air-assist sprayer. Volume median diameters of water were generally larger than oil at constant air pressure and liquid flow rate. Droplet size decreased as air pressure increased, but increased as liquid flow rate increased. Volume median diameters of water droplets ranged from 41 to 838 mu m and from 16 to 457 mu m with oil when atomized at air pressures ranging from 14 to 84 kPa. Relative spans ranged from 1.2 to 18.0 and 2.0 to 7.2 for water and oil, respectively. JF - Weed Science AU - Hanks, JE AU - McWhorter, C G AD - Applic. Tech. Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 799 EP - 807 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - ultralow volume application KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water pollution control KW - technology KW - herbicides KW - fluid drops KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Spray+droplet+size+for+water+and+paraffinic+oil+applied+at+ultralow+volume&rft.au=Hanks%2C+JE%3BMcWhorter%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Hanks&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - technology; herbicides; water pollution control; fluid drops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium content of rat hair, nails, and other tissues as affected by concurrent exposure to toxic elements AN - 16824599; 3561360 AB - Here we report that the Se in hair and nails can also be influenced by the concurrent intake of certain toxic elements. Male weanling rats were fed diets containing 2.0 ppm Se as Na sub(2)SeO sub(4) for 4 weeks. Elements were added to the water of 5 groups of rats as follows: none, 10 ppm As as sodium arsenite, 10 ppm Hg as mercuric chloride, 10 ppm Tl as thallium acetate, and 10 ppm Cd as cadmium chloride. Control rats received diets containing 0.1 ppm Se as Na sub(2)SeO sub(4) and distilled water. Hair and nails Se levels were significantly decreased by administration of As, and As decreased red cell, plasma, and kidney Se contents as well. In contrast, Hg decreased hair and nail, but increased plasma, liver, muscle, bone, colon, and kidney Se contents. Tl decreased hair but increased liver and kidney Se content. Cd had no effect on hair or nail Se content but decreased red cell Se levels. JF - Nutrition Research AU - Salbe, AD AU - Morris, V C AU - Levander, O A AD - USDA/ARS Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., Vitam. and Miner. Nutr. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 31 EP - 36 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0271-5317, 0271-5317 KW - selenium KW - mercury KW - thallium KW - cadmium KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - content KW - tissues KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research&rft.atitle=Selenium+content+of+rat+hair%2C+nails%2C+and+other+tissues+as+affected+by+concurrent+exposure+to+toxic+elements&rft.au=Salbe%2C+AD%3BMorris%2C+V+C%3BLevander%2C+O+A&rft.aulast=Salbe&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+Research&rft.issn=02715317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - content; tissues ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infiltration as a tool for detecting soil changes due to cropping, tillage, and grazing livestock AN - 16822448; 3558335 AB - Soil physical and biological properties often change when different cropping, tillage, or management systems are imposed. Changes occasionally occur quickly, but usually become evident only after months or years. Infiltration rates are affected by several soil properties and may provide the most sensitive indication of changes in soil properties. To evaluate the use of infiltration measurements for detecting changes in soil properties, we conducted infiltration tests on a cropping systems experiment, a tillage experiment, and two beef cattle grazing experiments. In Pennsylvania, significant changes in infiltration rates did not occur until more than four years after converting from a conventional to a low-input cropping system. Infiltration rates were higher on 14th-year no-till plots compared with moldboard plow and chisel treatments in an Iowa tillage study. Earthworm populations and activity were highest in the no-till treatment. Infiltration rates correlated negatively with increased stocking rates in a long-term beef grazing study in Oklahoma. The number of earthworms did not correlate positively with infiltration in this study, suggesting a complex interaction. A short-term study of overwinter beef corn-stalk grazing in Iowa did not show consistent patterns in infiltration rate or other soil properties with different stocking rates. Infiltration appears to be a good indicator of soil structural changes associated with cropping, tillage, and management systems. JF - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AU - Radke, J K AU - Berry, E C AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 164 EP - 174 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0889-1893, 0889-1893 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA KW - soil properties KW - infiltration KW - agriculture KW - environmental effects KW - livestock KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16822448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Infiltration+as+a+tool+for+detecting+soil+changes+due+to+cropping%2C+tillage%2C+and+grazing+livestock&rft.au=Radke%2C+J+K%3BBerry%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Radke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.issn=08891893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; soil properties; agriculture; livestock; environmental effects; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of swine against foot-and-mouth disease with viral capsid proteins expressed in heterologous systems AN - 16822179; 3768461 AB - Three groups of swine were each inoculated with a different antigen preparation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid proteins and challenged by contact exposure to animals infected with FMDV. One group of four animals was inoculated with an extract from cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the FMDV P1-2A structural protein precursor gene and a portion of the P2 gene. Two out of four animals were protected from clinical disease, but not from virus replication. A second group of animals was inoculated with an extract from Escherichia coli that expressed FMDV proteins from a construct containing the P1-2A gene, a portion of the P2 gene and the 3C protease gene. Three out of four animals in this group did not develop clinical signs of FMD upon challenge and two of four were protected against virus replication. In contrast, inoculation of a third group of swine with an extract from E. coli expressing the same FMDV construct as present in the recombinant baculovirus failed to protect any of the four animals from generalized FMD. JF - Vaccine AU - Grubman, MJ AU - Lewis, SA AU - Morgan, DO AD - USDA/ARS/NAA, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 825 EP - 829 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - capsid protein KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - vaccines KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16822179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Protection+of+swine+against+foot-and-mouth+disease+with+viral+capsid+proteins+expressed+in+heterologous+systems&rft.au=Grubman%2C+MJ%3BLewis%2C+SA%3BMorgan%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Grubman&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - foot-and-mouth disease virus; capsid protein; vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revised surface-water supply index for western United States AN - 16821184; 3558609 AB - The surface-water-supply index (SWSI) was introduced in Colorado in the early 1980s as a better indicator of water availability in the western United States than is the Palmer drought index. Similar indexes have been subsequently developed in Oregon and Montana. These indexes have found great usefulness in drought monitoring and in triggering specific drought-related activities by state governments. Two conceptual weaknesses exist in the current SWSIs: (1) Subjective assignment of values to coefficients; and (2) obscured statistical properties of the index. Revisions to overcome these weaknesses include a specific definition of surface-water-supply, use of streamflow volume forecasts, and appropriate handling of data to achieve the desired statistical properties of the index. It is also suggested that indexes for individual hydrologic components be developed to provide supporting information to the SWSI. An example of the development of the revised SWSI is given for the Flathead River basin in Montana. JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Garen, D C AD - USDA, Soil Conserv. Serv., Water Supply Forecasting Staff, 511 NW Broadway, Room 248, Portland, OR 97209-3489, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 437 EP - 454 VL - 119 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9496, 0733-9496 KW - surface water supply index KW - USA, western KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water supply KW - available water KW - surface water KW - surface water availability KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Revised+surface-water+supply+index+for+western+United+States&rft.au=Garen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=07339496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - surface water; water supply; available water; surface water availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infiltration characteristics of residential lawns AN - 16820066; 3558402 AB - Sixty-minute, constant-intensity simulated rains were applied to seven infiltration treatments designed to evaluate the influence of stripping and compaction on home lawns. Three treatments simulated home lawn construction practices. The control treatment was undisturbed, the "stripped" treatment had the topsoil removed and replaced, and the "compacted" treatment had the topsoil removed, the exposed surface compacted and the topsoil replaced. All plots were rototilled and raked before sodding to establish the grass. In addition, stripped and compacted treatments were identified and tested on a 6- and a 12-year-old lawn. All treatments were replicated six times. The K and lambda = n psi + na parameters in the Green and Ampt infiltration model were fitted to the cumulative infiltration data for each replication of each of the seven treatments. The time, t sub(r), when runoff began was recorded for each replication. The treatments generally divided into three groups. The most rapid infiltration occurred on the newly constructed control and stripped treatments (K = 85 mm/h), though the shape of the infiltration response and the time to the start of runoff were quite different. The slowest infiltration occurred on the newly constructed and the 12-year-old compacted treatments (K = 33 mm/h). The reduction in infiltration into the compacted layer could still be seen 12 years after the compacted layer was developed even though there was a trend toward faster infiltration with age. An intermediate infiltration response occurred on both the 6-year-old stripped and compacted lawn and the stripped portion of the 12-year-old lawn (K = 54 mm/h). The reduced infiltration into the compacted layer in the 6-year-old lawn was attenuated by repeated aerations. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Partsch, C M AU - Jarrett, A R AU - Watschke, T L AD - USDA-SCS, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1695 EP - 1701 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - simulated rainfall KW - lawns KW - urban areas KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16820066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Infiltration+characteristics+of+residential+lawns&rft.au=Partsch%2C+C+M%3BJarrett%2C+A+R%3BWatschke%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Partsch&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; simulated rainfall; lawns; runoff; rainfall-runoff relationships; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facility for hydraulic tests of a frozen soil AN - 16819483; 3558404 AB - Predicting erosion from previously frozen and thawing soils has been a problem for decades. To study the effect of freezing and thawing on erodibility, a tilting flume with a radiative freezing apparatus was designed and constructed. The test bed of the flume was designed to allow a soil mass to be frozen and thawed from the surface under controlled soil moisture tension. Loose soil placed in the test bed was consolidated by cyclical increase and decrease of soil moisture tension. The freezing apparatus performed as calculated by the energy budget. Consolidation of loose soil by surface tension approximated field bulk density. After a series of tests, soil in the deeper portion of the test bed developed low hydraulic conductivity and slowed consolidation of the surface layer. Rill evolution within the flume was similar to that observed in the field. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Van Klaveren, RW AU - McCool, D K AD - West Natl. Tech. Cent., USDA-Soil Conserv. Serv., Portland, OR, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1721 EP - 1725 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil types KW - soil properties KW - erosion KW - soil strength KW - design criteria KW - permeability coefficient KW - freeze-thaw tests KW - engineering KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Facility+for+hydraulic+tests+of+a+frozen+soil&rft.au=Van+Klaveren%2C+RW%3BMcCool%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Van+Klaveren&rft.aufirst=RW&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; soil types; freeze-thaw tests; permeability coefficient; soil strength; engineering; design criteria; soil properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture and rainfall estimation over a semiarid environment with the ESTAR microwave radiometer AN - 16819194; 3558639 AB - The application of an airborne electronically steered thinned array L-band radiometer (ESTAR) for soil moisture mapping was investigated over the semiarid rangeland Walnut Gulch Watershed located in southeastern Arizona. During the experiment, antecedent rainfall and evaporation were very different and resulted in a wide range of soil moisture conditions. The high spatial variability of rainfall events within this region resulted in moisture conditions with distinct spatial patterns. Analysis showed a correlation between the decrease in brightness temperature after a rainfall and the amount of rain. The sensor's performance was verified using two approaches. First, the microwave data were used in conjunction with a microwave emission model to predict soil moisture. These predictions were compared to ground observations of soil moisture. A second verification was possible using an extensive data set collected the previous year at the same site with a conventional L-band push broom microwave radiometer (PBMR). Both tests showed that the ESTAR is capable of providing soil moisture with the same level of accuracy as existing systems. ESTAR instruments have the potential to satisfy application data requirements from spaceborne platforms. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Jackson, T J AU - Le Vine, DM AU - Griffis, A J AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Swift, C T AU - O'Neill, P E AD - USDA, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 836 EP - 841 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - ESTAR KW - USA, Arizona, Walnut Gulch Watershed KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - rainfall KW - mapping KW - microwaves KW - radiometry KW - remote sensing KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+and+rainfall+estimation+over+a+semiarid+environment+with+the+ESTAR+microwave+radiometer&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BLe+Vine%2C+DM%3BGriffis%2C+A+J%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BSwift%2C+C+T%3BO%27Neill%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01962892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; rainfall; radiometry; remote sensing; mapping; microwaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil organic matter, CEC, and moisture sensing with a portable NIR spectrophotometer AN - 16819043; 3558416 AB - Soil reflectance data were collected with a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer and were correlated with soil organic matter content in laboratory and field tests. Laboratory calibrations yielded an r super(2) of 0.89 and a standard error of prediction of 0.40% organic matter with 30 representative Illinois soils at 1.5 MPa and 0.033 MPa moisture tension levels. Limited in-furrow field operation produced much higher errors, due to the movement of soil past the sensor during data acquisition. Estimation of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil moisture content was also accomplished in the laboratory. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Sudduth, KA AU - Hummel, J W AD - Cropping Syst. and Water Qual. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Agric. Eng. Build., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1571 EP - 1582 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - spectrophotometry KW - soil types KW - soil properties KW - data acquisition KW - herbicides KW - organic matter KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Soil+organic+matter%2C+CEC%2C+and+moisture+sensing+with+a+portable+NIR+spectrophotometer&rft.au=Sudduth%2C+KA%3BHummel%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Sudduth&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic matter; soil water; spectrophotometry; soil types; herbicides; soil properties; data acquisition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field experiments on the influence of fertilizer for clarifying turbid ponds AN - 16817985; 3556780 AB - Seven whole-pond experiments were conducted to determine if turbid ponds could be clarified by algal-clay coflocculation. Experiments were designed to test results of a single dose of phosphorus and nitrogen for promoting algal growth as opposed to multiple doses added by other researchers over several months. Significant amounts of suspended sediments were removed from the water column during experiments, but causes for removal varied with experiment. Initial removal of suspended matter coincided with removal of phosphorus and nitrogen and/or removal of existing phytoplankton communities. While some experiments resulted in additional removal of suspended sediments over time, chlorophyll increases from fertilization were not predictable. In some experiments phytoplankton blooms occurred after sediment concentrations decreased in the water column. Some clay clarification resulted from immediate flocculation associated with fertilizer application. Further, diatoms and some green algae found in natural assemblages of plankton are not well suited to flocculate clay. JF - Environment and ecology. Kalyani AU - Cooper, C M AD - Natl. Sediment. Lab., ARS-USDA, Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 784 EP - 790 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0970-0420, 0970-0420 KW - clay KW - clays KW - habitat improvement KW - turbidity KW - water transparency KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - flocculation KW - fertilizers KW - water quality KW - phytoplankton KW - lakes KW - algae KW - water treatment KW - ponds KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08581:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+ecology.+Kalyani&rft.atitle=Field+experiments+on+the+influence+of+fertilizer+for+clarifying+turbid+ponds&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=784&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+and+ecology.+Kalyani&rft.issn=09700420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flocculation; clays; water quality; fertilizers; ponds; habitat improvement; phytoplankton; water treatment; lakes; water transparency; turbidity; algae; clay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dry deposition of nitrogen and sulfur to ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the San Bernardino National Forest in southern California AN - 16817664; 3559932 AB - Little is known about the concentrations, deposition rates, and effects of nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds in photochemical smog in the San Bernardino National Forest (SBNF) in southern California. Dry deposition of NO sub(3) and NH sub(4) super(+) to foliage of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) was correlated with historical average hourly O sub(3) concentrations at 10 sites across an O sub(3) gradient in the SBNF. Mean deposition fluxes of NO sub(3) super(-) to ponderosa and Jeffrey pine branches were 0.82 nmol/m super(2)/s at Camp Paivika (CP), a high-pollution site, and 0.19 nmol/m super(2)/s at Camp Osceola (CAO), a low- pollution site. Deposition fluxes of NH sub(4) super(+) were 0.32 nmol/m super(2)/s and CP and 0.17 nmol/m super(2)/s at CAO, while mean values for SO sub(4) super(2) super(-) were 0.03 at CP and 0.02 nmol/m super(2)/s at CPO. Deposition fluxes to paper and nylon filters were higher in most cases than fluxes to pine branches at the same site. The results of this study suggest that an atmospheric concentration and deposition gradient of N and S compounds occurs along with the west-east O sub(3) gradient in the SBNF. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Fenn, ME AU - Bytnerowica, A AD - Pacific Southwest For. and Range Exp. Stn., USDA-FS, Forest Fire Lab., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - dry deposition KW - nitrogen KW - sulfur KW - photochemicals KW - ozone KW - USA, California, San Bernardino Natl. Forest KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Pinus jeffreyi KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Dry+deposition+of+nitrogen+and+sulfur+to+ponderosa+and+Jeffrey+pine+in+the+San+Bernardino+National+Forest+in+southern+California&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BBytnerowica%2C+A&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Pinus jeffreyi; dry deposition; nitrogen; sulfur; photochemicals; ozone; forests; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cuticular and non-cuticular substrate influence on expression of cuticle-degrading enzymes from conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16816884; 3549628 AB - Larval cuticle from Trichoplusia ni, Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea, and Heliothis virescens and a cellulose substrate were used to quantify release of proteolytic, chitinolytic, and lipolytic enzymes by germinating conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi. There was no significant difference in conidial viability incubated with T. ni, H. zea or cellulose substrates. Conidial viability on H. virescens cuticle, however, was significantly lower (ca. 19-25%) than the other three substrates. The presence of cuticle substrates, especially cuticle of T. ni, stimulated germination. The nature of the substrate influenced both the time and quantity of the enzymes expressed. Specific proteases (aminopeptidase, chymoelastase, trypsin) generally were expressed earlier and/or in greater quantities on cuticular than on the cellulose substrate. Although both chitinolytic enzymes (endochitinase, N-acetylglucosaminidase) were detected on all three cuticular substrates, their activity was substantially lower than that of the proteolytic enzymes. Lipase activity was only minimally present. Early concurrent release of both proteases and chitinases suggested that both may be important in the penetration of the larval integument by germinating conidia of N. rileyi. Expression of proteases and chitinases, especially aminopeptidase and endochitinase was probably a specific response to cuticle, because little or no activity was expressed on the non-host, cellulose substrate. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 122 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cuticles KW - degradation KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - pathogens KW - enzymes KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Cuticular+and+non-cuticular+substrate+influence+on+expression+of+cuticle-degrading+enzymes+from+conidia+of+an+entomopathogenic+fungus%2C+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; cuticles; degradation; enzymes; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tropical deforestation and forest management under the system of concession logging: A decision-theoretic analysis AN - 16814078; 3555898 AB - Deforestation caused by concession logging is often the result of harvest decisions which focus on short-run profits rather than on long-run sustainable harvest yields. A sequential-decision model of this type of behavior is here developed which focuses on a logger's annual decisions of whether or not to remain in compliance with the terms of a concession contract. The contract stipulates harvesting procedures for a sustained forest yield, and noncompliance is taken to result in deforestation. An optimal decision policy for the concession logger is characterized in terms of optimal-stopping theory, and is employed to construct payoff incentives which encourage compliance. In particular, a forest management problem is formulated which focuses on the effectiveness of partial inspection policies in deterring noncompliant behavior. General necessary and sufficient conditions for the effectiveness of such policies are established, and are given a more operational form for the Markov case. A numerical example based on actual concession-contract data is also developed which suggests certain policy implications. JF - Journal of Regional Science AU - Walker, R AU - Smith, TE AD - Int. Inst. Trop. For., South. For. Exp. Stn., U.S.D.A. For. Serv., Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 387 EP - 419 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4146, 0022-4146 KW - economic impact KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forests KW - tropical environment KW - harvesting KW - forest practices KW - management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16814078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Regional+Science&rft.atitle=Tropical+deforestation+and+forest+management+under+the+system+of+concession+logging%3A+A+decision-theoretic+analysis&rft.au=Walker%2C+R%3BSmith%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Regional+Science&rft.issn=00224146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tropical environment; forests; harvesting; forest practices; management; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transpiration by an emergent macrophyte: Source of water and implications for nutrient supply AN - 16813622; 3556813 AB - The contribution of sediment interstitial water and the water column to the transpiration stream of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt was determined to estimate the significance of mass flow in supply of sediment interstitial water accounted for about 2% of the water transpired over a 37 day period. Because of the small volume of water that originated in the sediment we concluded that mass flow did not significantly enhance nutrient supply to the roots of M. aquaticum. Relative growth rate (RGR) of adventitious, water roots was greater than whole plant RGR, and RGR of sediment roots was not significantly different from zero, indicating a shift in the biomass allocation after emergence of the apical meristem into the air. Water use, measured by the transpiration coefficient, averaged 260 ml H sub(2)O/mg DW, which is similar to C-4 terrestrial plants. M. aquaticum has leaf characteristics commonly associated with xerophytic habitats. These characteristics may be necessary if a high transpiration rate and a mechanical requirement for high cell turgor pressure, required by a reliance upon hydrostatic pressure for support of the aerial stems, are mutually exclusive because of morphological constraints on hydraulic conductivity. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Sytsma, MD AU - Anderson, LWJ AD - Bot. Dep. USDA/ARS Aquat. Weed Res. Lab., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616-8537, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 97 EP - 108 VL - 271 IS - 2 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Myriophyllum aquaticum KW - interstitial water KW - macrophytes KW - nitrogen KW - nutrient sources KW - nutrients KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - phosphorus KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - transpiration KW - sediments KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16813622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Transpiration+by+an+emergent+macrophyte%3A+Source+of+water+and+implications+for+nutrient+supply&rft.au=Sytsma%2C+MD%3BAnderson%2C+LWJ&rft.aulast=Sytsma&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transpiration; sediments; aquatic plants; phosphorus; nutrients (mineral); nitrogen; nutrients; macrophytes; nutrient sources; interstitial water; Myriophyllum aquaticum; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids in spiroplasmas associated with plants, insects, and ticks AN - 16811467; 3763474 AB - Several spiroplasmas (helical, motile mollicutes) were previously shown to contain extrachromosomal DNA (E-DNA) elements in the form of viruses (double-stranded viruses or the replicative form of single-stranded viruses) or plasmids. These elements are now being investigated as potential vectors for use in spiroplasma transformation systems. Described herein is the first extensive survey of spiroplasma E-DNA in 23 spiroplasma groups (30 strains), a study facilitated by improvements in protocols for E-DNA extraction. E-DNA elements were found in spiroplasmas associated with leafhoppers/plants (spiroplasma subgroups I-1, I-3, and I-8), other insects (subgroups I-2, I-5, I-6, and I-7 and groups IV and XXII), and ticks (subgroup I-4 and groups V and VI). Elements, maintained by passage with their host spiroplasmas, were often lost after extended passage. Whether the current distribution of E-DNA elements is indicative of historical or proximate factors is not known. Many elements (about 75%) from group I spiroplasmas hybridized with Spiroplasma citri viruses SpV1 or SpV3. Of the elements associated with other spiroplasma groups, none hybridized with either virus. These include Spiroplasma apis strains B31 (18 kb) and L89 (18 and 20 kb), S. mirum strains SMCA (20 kb) and Anderson (16 and 20 kb), group VI strain Y32 (7, 9, 10, and 16 kb), and group XXII strain CT-1 (8 kb). Several of these elements will be characterized and examined for their suitability as spiroplasma cloning vectors. JF - Plasmid AU - Gasparich, GE AU - Hackett, K J AU - Clark, E A AU - Renaudin, J AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 EP - 93 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning vectors KW - Spiroplasma KW - DNA KW - J 02725:DNA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16811467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+extrachromosomal+deoxyribonucleic+acids+in+spiroplasmas+associated+with+plants%2C+insects%2C+and+ticks&rft.au=Gasparich%2C+GE%3BHackett%2C+K+J%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BRenaudin%2C+J%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gasparich&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; DNA; cloning vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on Escherichia coli serotype O157: H7 strains containing a 60-MDa plasmid and on 60-MDa plasmid-cured derivatives AN - 16809802; 3551502 AB - Seventeen strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 producing Shiga-like toxin were examined for the presence of plasmids and for the ability to adhere to HEp-2 and Intestine 407 cells. All of the strains possessed a common 60-MDa plasmid. To determine the role of the 60-MDa plasmid, plasmid-cured strains were compared with the parent strains for their ability to produce pili and to adhere to epithelial cells in culture. The total cell lysate protein and outer-membrane protein (OMP) profiles were also compared. Both the parent strains and their plasmid-cured derivatives produced pili. Immunofluorescence assay results indicated that the plasmid-cured and parent strains adhered equally well to HEp-2 and Intestine 407 cells; overall adherence was greater with intestinal cells than HEp-2 cells. SDS-PAGE of polypeptides synthesised in an E. coli system in vitro showed that plasmid DNA encodes c. 35 proteins. SDS-PAGE of OMP preparations demonstrated that the 60-MDa plasmid appears to be involved in the synthesis of a 33-kDa OMP. Two strains cured of the 60-MDa plasmid, one that possessed no plasmids and one that still contained a 2.2-MDa plasmid, produced exopolysaccharide (EPS) when cultured on solid medium at 25 degree C. Two other strains, which were cured of the 60-MDa plasmid but contained a 4.5-MDa plasmid, did not produce visible amounts of EPS. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the EPS consisted of fucose, glucose and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 2.0:0.9:1.1 and also had 7% of a uronic acid sugar as part of its structure. JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Buchanan, R L AD - Microb. Food Saf. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 371 EP - 381 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - HEp-2 cells KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - membrane proteins KW - characterization KW - Escherichia coli KW - plasmids KW - cell adhesion KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16809802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Studies+on+Escherichia+coli+serotype+O157%3A+H7+strains+containing+a+60-MDa+plasmid+and+on+60-MDa+plasmid-cured+derivatives&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BBhaduri%2C+S%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; cell adhesion; plasmids; membrane proteins; characterization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the cell wall of Butyrivibrio species AN - 16808690; 3551192 AB - Most Butyrivibrio strains have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and have been classified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. A few strains isolated from human feces are designated as Butyrivibrio crossatus, the other species in this genus. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains are anaerobic, curved rods that produce butyrate, but numerous studies have shown that these strains display considerable variations in phenotypic properties and heterogeneity in DNA relatedness. Although over 60 strains have been characterized in these respects, the cell wall structure of only a few strains has been studied. In this study, cell wall related properties of 12 strains representative of five DNA relatedness groups were examined. All strains were very sensitive to penicillin and other antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis. Although an occasional resistant strain was found, most strains were sensitive to a variety of protein synthesis antibiotics that included aminoglycosides and tetracycline. In contrast, all strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid. Peptidoglycans were isolated from seven B. fibrisolvens strains and Lachnospira multiparus. Compositional analyses indicated molar ratios of 0.7:2:2:1:0.8 for muramic acid, glucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid, respectively, in all peptidoglycans, which also showed a low degree of cross-linking. A trichloroacetic acid extractable galactosamine-containing polysaccharide copurified with the Butyrivibrio peptidoglycans. Electron microscopy of thin sections showed all strains to possess a Gram-positive type of cell wall that was atypically thin (12-18 nm). Most strains also displayed external (surface) polysaccharide layers. Cytoplasmic inclusions and granules were evident in many strains and were composed of polysaccharides, on the basis of cell composition analyses. The findings that Butyrivibrio strains have overall similarities in cell wall properties, but differences in DNA relatedness, suggest that these organisms should be classified as several more species in the same genus or family. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Hespell, R B AU - Kato, K AU - Costerton, J W AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 North University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 912 EP - 921 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Butyrivibrio KW - peptidoglycans KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - composition KW - characterization KW - cell walls KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16808690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+cell+wall+of+Butyrivibrio+species&rft.au=Hespell%2C+R+B%3BKato%2C+K%3BCosterton%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hespell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell walls; characterization; composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and properties of a xanthan depolymerase from a heat-stable salt-tolerant bacterial consortium AN - 16808545; 3553943 AB - A bacterial consortium (NRRL B-14401) resulting from soil enrichment growth on xanthan gum produces enzymes that can degrade xanthan gum in salt containing solutions at temperatures up to 65 degree C. One component that cleaves the backbone linkages of both xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose is called xanthan depolymerase. Two such depolymerase activities were isolated by high performance anion exchange chromatography, and their molecular weights determined by size exclusion chromatography to be 170 000 and 100 000 Da. The 170-kDa protein was purified and its properties studied. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride enhanced the hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose, but decreased the rate of degradation of xanthan gum. The purified enzyme, which was optimally active at pH 6, was less stable to extremes of temperature than crude mixtures of cell-free culture broth; stabilized by its substrate it was active for more than 6 h at 50 degree C. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Ahlgren, JA AD - Biopolymer Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res. Serv., USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 87 EP - 92 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - characteristics KW - salinity KW - xanthan depolymerase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - heat tolerance KW - bacteria KW - purification KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16808545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+properties+of+a+xanthan+depolymerase+from+a+heat-stable+salt-tolerant+bacterial+consortium&rft.au=Ahlgren%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Ahlgren&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - heat tolerance; bacteria; purification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of age, time of day, feeding history, and gamma irradiation on attraction of Mexican fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), to bacterial odor in laboratory experiments AN - 16807232; 3547068 AB - Factors affecting attraction of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), to the odor of a bacterium isolated from the fly, were evaluated in laboratory experiments. The odor was not attractive to newly emerged adults. For sugar-fed, yeast-hydrolysate-deprived flies, attraction to the bacterial odor began when flies were 1 d old, peaked when flies were 5-7 d old, then declined steadily as flies aged further. Generally, bacterial odor was attractive to sugar-fed flies and unattractive to sugar-deprived flies. The odor was most attractive to sugar-fed, yeast-hydrolysate-deprived flies but was also highly attractive to flies fed both sugar and yeast hydrolysate. Flies were attracted to bacterial odor during all times of the photophase although attraction we less very early and very late in the photophase than at other times. Flies irradiated with gamma rays were about 20% less responsive to the odor than unirradiated flies. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Garcia, JA AD - USDA-ARS-Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1367 EP - 1374 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - attraction KW - age KW - temporal variations KW - odor KW - Tephritidae KW - Diptera KW - feeding KW - gamma radiation KW - bacteria KW - traps KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16807232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+age%2C+time+of+day%2C+feeding+history%2C+and+gamma+irradiation+on+attraction+of+Mexican+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29%2C+to+bacterial+odor+in+laboratory+experiments&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BGarcia%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; age; temporal variations; feeding; gamma radiation; bacteria; odor; attraction; traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal attraction of certain large-bodied native bees to honey bee colonies AN - 16806816; 3550018 AB - Two species of large-bodied native bees (Bombus sonorus and Xylocopa californica) were found to be attracted to honey bee colonies placed in the native bees' local environment. The bumble bees and carpenter bees were attacked en masse by the honey bees and killed. A total of 147 worker bumble bees and 5 female carpenter bees were collected in dead bee traps attached to the front of the honey bee colonies. Thus the presence of honey bee colonies can negatively impact native bee populations by weakening colonies to a vulnerable point or by eliminating potential reproductives. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Thoenes, S C AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 210 EP - 213 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Bombus sonorus KW - Xylocopa californica KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - social behavior KW - aggressive behavior KW - colonies KW - attraction KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Fatal+attraction+of+certain+large-bodied+native+bees+to+honey+bee+colonies&rft.au=Thoenes%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Thoenes&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; attraction; aggressive behavior; colonies; social behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forced-air incubation of catfish eggs AN - 16798620; 3545029 AB - A low pressure, high volume, forced-air method of incubation was evaluated for eggs of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and channel catfish x blue catfish, I. furcatus, hybrids and was compared to the traditional paddle-type incubation method. No significant difference was observed in hatching percentage, survival, or weight of sac-fry and swim-up fry or in total weight after 21 days of feeding for 10 egg masses that were divided equally and incubated with paddles or forced air. The forced air method was inexpensive, safe, quiet, and as effective as paddle-type aeration. JF - Journal of Applied Aquaculture AU - Carmichael, G J AU - Bates, T D AU - Tiersch, T R AD - USDA-ARS, Catfish Genetics Res. Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 3 IS - 3-4 SN - 1045-4438, 1045-4438 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - hybrids KW - incubation KW - Ictalurus furcatus KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Freshwater KW - fish eggs KW - survival KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16798620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Forced-air+incubation+of+catfish+eggs&rft.au=Carmichael%2C+G+J%3BBates%2C+T+D%3BTiersch%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Carmichael&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.issn=10454438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hybrids; incubation; aquaculture techniques; survival; fish eggs; Ictalurus furcatus; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Receptor-mediated binding of Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin to canine osteosarcoma and monkey kidney (Vero) cells AN - 16798481; 3752785 AB - Binding and internalization of Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PMDT) by toxin-sensitive canine osteosarcoma and monkey kidney (Vero) cells was examined ultrastructurally. This is the first report describing binding and internalization of PMDT in host cells. Biochemical and ultrastructural results suggest that PMDT interacts with a ganglioside-type receptor on vero cells and is transported to the cytosol in endocytic vesicles which do not appear to fuse with lysosomes. JF - Laboratory Investigation AU - Pettit, R K AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Rimler, R B AD - Avian Dis. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 94 EP - 100 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0023-6837, 0023-6837 KW - dermonecrotic KW - dogs KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - toxins KW - characterization KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - osteoclasts KW - receptors KW - cell lines KW - osteosarcoma KW - bone resorption KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - T 20010:Bone growth and remodelling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16798481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratory+Investigation&rft.atitle=Receptor-mediated+binding+of+Pasteurella+multocida+dermonecrotic+toxin+to+canine+osteosarcoma+and+monkey+kidney+%28Vero%29+cells&rft.au=Pettit%2C+R+K%3BAckermann%2C+M+R%3BRimler%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Pettit&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Laboratory+Investigation&rft.issn=00236837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; toxins; receptors; osteosarcoma; cell lines; bone resorption; characterization; osteoclasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male-specific volatiles from Nearctic and Australasian true bugs (Heteroptera: Coreidae and Alydidae) AN - 16796957; 3545951 AB - Aeration and exocrine gland extracts were analyzed for three Coreidae and two Alydidae. Males of all the species studied emit volatile blends that are probably pheromones, but sexual communication in these insects evolved differently. In the alydids, Riptortus serripes and Mirperus scutellaris, the metathoracic scent glands are sexually dimorphic, and the dimorphisms are expressed chemically. Secretions from the male alydids contain high concentrations of esters of alcohols [e.g., (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, and (E)-2-octenol], while females produce mainly acids and aldehydes [e.g., butyric and hexanoic acids, and (E)-2-hexenal]. In the coreids, Amblypelta lutescens lutescens, Amblypelta nitida, and Leptoglossus phyllopus, the metathoracic scent glands are not sexually dimorphic, but male- and species-specific volatiles are released, apparently from cells in the cuticular epidermis. The coreid male-specific volatiles are primarily monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including (-)-(3R)-(E)-nerolidol as the major component from A. lutescens lutescens (an Australasian species) and L. phyllopus (a Nearctic species). Only (+)-(3S)-(E)-nerolidol is commonly found in plants so (E)-nerolidol from these coreids is environmentally unique because of its chirality. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Waite, G K AU - Moore, C AU - Payne, JA AU - Lusby, W R AU - Kochansky, J P AD - Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 007, Agric. Res. Cent.-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2767 EP - 2781 VL - 19 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical communication KW - Alydidae KW - Coreidae KW - exocrine glands KW - males KW - evolution KW - Hemiptera KW - pheromones KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25523:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Male-specific+volatiles+from+Nearctic+and+Australasian+true+bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Coreidae+and+Alydidae%29&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BWaite%2C+G+K%3BMoore%2C+C%3BPayne%2C+JA%3BLusby%2C+W+R%3BKochansky%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coreidae; Alydidae; Hemiptera; evolution; chemical communication; males; pheromones; exocrine glands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Black-tailed jackrabbit preferences for eight forages used for reclamation of Great Basin rangelands AN - 16796486; 3542454 AB - During peak periods of their population cycles black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) may compete with other herbivores for forage and negatively impact the health and production of the forage resource. This study was conducted on the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range near Burns, Oregon. Our objective was to establish the growing season relative preferences of jackrabbits for eight selections of grasses available for reclamation of Great Basin rangelands. Response variables included percent of plants defoliated and degree of utilization from plots supporting equal numbers of all selections. The percent of plants grazed and utilization levels of two crested wheatgrass cultivars were nearly twice those of the other grasses. Two cultivars of basin wildrye and one selection of Russian wildrye were avoided by jackrabbits, while one cultivar of bluebunch wheatgrass and two selections of thick-spiked wheatgrass were passively foraged upon. Seedings of unpalatable cultivars are suggested to: (1) discourage jackrabbit presence in right-of-ways where they pose a danger, (2) to reduce competition between jackrabbits and livestock for forage, or (3) reduce potential damage to ground cover or forage resources in critical areas during jackrabbit population peaks. Conversely, seedings of palatable cultivars might be used to lure jackrabbits away from less palatable, but more valuable crops or forages. JF - Northwest Science AU - Ganskopp, D AU - Myers, B AU - Lambert, S AD - USDA-ARS N. Great Basin Exp., Range, HC 71 4.51 Hwy. 205, Burns, OR 97720, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 246 EP - 250 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Great Basin KW - food preferences KW - Lepus californicus KW - land reclamation KW - management KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Black-tailed+jackrabbit+preferences+for+eight+forages+used+for+reclamation+of+Great+Basin+rangelands&rft.au=Ganskopp%2C+D%3BMyers%2C+B%3BLambert%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ganskopp&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepus californicus; USA, Great Basin; food preferences; management; land reclamation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macrohabitat associations of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, South Dakota AN - 16796228; 3542453 AB - Merriam's turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) were introduced into South Dakota in the late 1940's and have since expanded to occupy the entire Black Hills. Because little is known of their habitat requirements and the effects of forest management practices on this important game species, macrohabitat selections patterns of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, SD were studied. Habitat units of 3-32 ha were delineated and described with methods used by the Forest Service for assessing impacts of management activities on wildlife. Winter habitats of turkeys were ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) with greater than 70% overstory canopy cover. Summer habitats of turkeys were open ponderosa pine. Meadows were selected less than expected during all seasons. Resolution of conflicts over management of national forests depend largely on understanding of effects of management activities on wildlife species. Managing ponderosa pine at 14 to 18 m super(2)/ha basal area in mature stands will reduce winter habitat for turkeys, but is consistent with summer habitat of adult turkeys without poults. JF - Northwest Science AU - Rumble, MA AU - Anderson, SH AD - USDA, For. Serv., Rocky Mt. For. and Range Exp. Stn., 501 East St. Joe, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 238 EP - 245 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - habitat utilization KW - Meleagris gallopavo merriami KW - USA, South Dakota, Black Hills KW - seasonal variations KW - introduced species KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Macrohabitat+associations+of+Merriam%27s+turkeys+in+the+Black+Hills%2C+South+Dakota&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA%3BAnderson%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo merriami; USA, South Dakota, Black Hills; introduced species; habitat utilization; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence and characterization of an insertion sequence, IS711, from Brucella ovis AN - 16791858; 3540876 AB - The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a previously discovered insertion in Brucella ovis was determined and found to have the hallmarks of an insertion sequence (IS). The element, designated IS711, of 842 bp, is similar in G + C content to that of the Brucella genome and is bounded by 20-bp imperfect inverted repeats (IR). The element appears to duplicate the nt TA of a consensus target site, YTAR (R, purines; Y, pyrimidines). When the complete nt sequence of four elements and 300 bp of the 3' ends of five other elements were compared to IS711 and to each other, minor nt sequence variations were found amongst most of them. Similar to several other transposable elements, IS711 has overlapping ORFs rather than one long ORF extending the length of the element. Even though only ten B. ovis IS711 elements were characterized, in three cases we found these elements flanked by either identical or similar nt sequences. This suggests that some target sites are hot spots for insertion and that some of the elements may be duplicated by mechanisms other than transposition. No DNA or protein database entries had an obvious resemblance to either IS711 or its deduced gene products. JF - Gene AU - Halling, S M AU - Tatum, F M AU - Bricker, B J AD - NADC/ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 123 EP - 127 VL - 133 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - insertion sequence IS711 KW - predictions KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - insertion sequences KW - amino acid sequence KW - Brucella ovis KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16791858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Sequence+and+characterization+of+an+insertion+sequence%2C+IS711%2C+from+Brucella+ovis&rft.au=Halling%2C+S+M%3BTatum%2C+F+M%3BBricker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Halling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella ovis; insertion sequences; nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of both sexes of Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, to a mixture of ammonia, methylamine, and putrescine AN - 16791410; 3545934 AB - Eight chemicals were evaluated in laboratory experiments as attractants for sugar-fed adult Mexican fruit flies. Ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, ethanolamine, pyrrolidine, putrescine, and monomethyl succinate were slightly attractive when tested singly. A mixture containing all eight chemicals was much more attractive than any of the individual chemicals. Through a series of experiments, a mixture of three of the chemicals was found that was at least as attractive as the original eight-component mixture. The final mixture consisted of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine in a 10:10:1 ratio. Ratios were less important than actual concentrations of individual components over the range of component concentrations tested. The three-component mixture was equally attractive to male and female flies over a at least a 1000-fold range of concentrations and was slightly more attractive than Torula yeast over the upper 10-fold range in competing McPhail traps in a greenhouse flight chamber. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Warfield, W C AD - Crop Qual. and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2999 EP - 3016 VL - 19 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - methylamine KW - putrescine KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - ammonia KW - Tephritidae KW - attractancy KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16791410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+both+sexes+of+Mexican+fruit+fly%2C+Anastrepha+ludens%2C+to+a+mixture+of+ammonia%2C+methylamine%2C+and+putrescine&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BWarfield%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonia; Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Levels of fumonisin B sub(1) in corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins AN - 16790892; 3542029 AB - Aflatoxins and fumonisin B sub(1) are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively. These fungi are common natural contaminants of corn, and both aflatoxins and fumonisin B sub(1) have been implicated as aetiological agents in animal and human diseases. To determine whether these mycotoxins co-exist on corn under natural conditions, 28 samples from the 1991 Georgia (USA) corn crop were assayed for (total) aflatoxin and fumonisin B sub(1). 27 samples were positive for aflatoxin, 24 samples were positive for fumonisin B sub(1), and 23 samples had detectable levels of both. In the positive samples, the mean aflatoxin concentration was 73 ppb (SD = 86), and the average fumonisin B sub(1) concentration was 0.87 ppm (SD = 0.65). A correlation between aflatoxin and fumonisin B sub(1) concentrations was not evident. None the less, these results demonstrate that exposure to both mycotoxins can occur simultaneously by consumption of co-contaminated corn. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AU - Voss, KA AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 995 EP - 998 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - concentration KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - correlation KW - aflatoxins KW - samples KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Zea mays KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16790892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Levels+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+corn+naturally+contaminated+with+aflatoxins&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BVoss%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Fusarium moniliforme; Zea mays; aflatoxins; concentration; correlation; samples ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Worker-bee crowding affects brood production, honey production, and longevity of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) AN - 16788836; 3542251 AB - This study measured the effects of hive volume on the productivity and growth of colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., in Baton Rouge, LA. In a winter experiment, populations of 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 bees were installed in hives to produce population densities of 150 or 550 bees per liter of hive volume (3 by 2 factorial, n = 60). More crowded bees consumed less honey (6.8 plus or minus 1.9 mg per bee/d [mean plus or minus SD] versus 12.2 plus or minus 2.6 mg per bee/d) but produced less brood (0.34 plus or minus 0.20 versus 0.72 plus or minus 0.31 cells per bee) and had a shorter life span than less crowded colonies. In spring, summer, and autumn, experiments were conducted with initial populations of 9,600 bees per colony. At 100, 200, 300, and 500 bees per liter (n = 32), more crowded bees produced more honey. Average honey production was -70, -17, +28, and +67 g/d for the least to most crowded bees, respectively. More crowded bees produced less brood, but the difference was less marked than in winter. A final experiment measured the effects of adding hive space that did not contain comb (n = 27). Of three treatments, colonies with five combs in a 25-liter hive produced the most honey (105 g/d), and colonies with additional space and combs (10 combs in a 47-liter hive) produced the least (29 g/d). Colonies with combless space (five combs in a 47-liter hive) were intermediate (62 g/d). The treatment with combless space produced more brood than the more crowded treatment but less than the treatment with 10 combs. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Harbo, J R AD - Honey Bee Breed., Genet. and Physiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1157 Ben Hur Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1672 EP - 1678 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - brood rearing KW - honey KW - crowding KW - longevity KW - Hymenoptera KW - apiculture KW - Apidae KW - population density KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Worker-bee+crowding+affects+brood+production%2C+honey+production%2C+and+longevity+of+honey+bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29&rft.au=Harbo%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Harbo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1672&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; crowding; population density; brood rearing; honey; longevity; apiculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and chemical phenology of norditerpenoid alkaloids in the tall larkspurs (Delphinium species) AN - 16783573; 3541837 AB - Eleven norditerpenoid alkaloids found in three tall larkspur species (Delphinium barbeyi, Delphinium occidentale, Delphinium glaucescens) were evaluated as mammalian toxins in a mouse bioassay. Two methylsuccinimido anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL) norditerpenoid alkaloids (methyllycaconitine and 14-deacetylnudicauline) were determined to have equivalent high toxicity. A third MSAL norditerpenoid, barbinine, was 5 times less toxic. Other norditerpenoid alkaloids tested were found to be significantly less toxic than the MSAL alkaloids. The chemical phenology of the alkaloids in the three larkspurs and the effect of collection site on alkaloid occurrence in D. barbeyi were determined. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Manners, G D AU - Panter, KE AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Pfister, JA AU - Olsen, J D AU - James, L F AD - Western Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 96 EP - 100 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alkaloids KW - norditerpenoid alkaloids KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - Delphinium KW - phenology KW - livestock KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16783573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+chemical+phenology+of+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+in+the+tall+larkspurs+%28Delphinium+species%29&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D%3BPanter%2C+KE%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BPfister%2C+JA%3BOlsen%2C+J+D%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium; livestock; toxicity; phenology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invert emulsion droplet size and mycoherbicidal activity of Colletotrichum truncatum AN - 16782769; 3536584 AB - When formulated and sprayed in an invert emulsion (IE), conidia of the mycoherbicide, Colletotrichum truncatum, controlled hemp sesbania in the absence of dew. To optimize hemp sesbania control, formulation droplet size influence upon the pathogen's germination and pathogenicity was investigated. Conidia germination in manually produced IE droplets decreased from 46% to 5% as droplet diameter decreased from 2700 to 900 mu m. Droplet size did not affect appressoria formation. On a per conidium basis, 900- mu m droplets were more pathogenic to detached hemp sesbania leaves than were 2100- mu m droplets. An air-assist spray system produced droplet spectra with volume median diameters of 421 and 104 mu m, respectively. The spectrum of smaller droplets covered the target better than did that of larger droplets. When applied to whole hemp sesbania plants in greenhouse trials, conidia in the smaller and larger droplet spectra gave 90 and 94% control, respectively. Sufficient conidia germinated in IE droplets of a variety of sizes to control hemp sesbania excellently. JF - Weed Technology AU - Egley, G H AU - Hanks, JE AU - Boyette, C D AD - Plant Physiol., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Agric. Eng., Applic. Tech. Res. Unit. and Plant Pathol., ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 417 EP - 424 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - control KW - sprays KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - conidia KW - emulsions KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - germination KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16782769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Invert+emulsion+droplet+size+and+mycoherbicidal+activity+of+Colletotrichum+truncatum&rft.au=Egley%2C+G+H%3BHanks%2C+JE%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Egley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum truncatum; Sesbania exaltata; conidia; germination; emulsions; sprays; control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and characteristics of an intracellular alpha -glucosidase from a color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans AN - 16782083; 3536573 AB - Aureobasidium pullulans produced an intracellular alpha -glucosidase. The enzyme was purified 124-fold by solubilization with Triton X-100, Q-Sepharose treatment, hydroxylapatite, octyl-Sepharose column chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, and had a specific activity of 316.82 U/mg protein. The enzyme displayed an optimum pH for its action at 4.0 and was fully stable at pH 3.0-6.0 at 50 degree C. The alpha -glucosidase was completely stable up to 60 degree C and had an optimum activity at 60 degree C. The partially purified enzyme preparation hydrolyzed maltose, isomaltose, sucrose, and trehalose at relative rates of 100, 60, 47, and 50, respectively, and had little or no activity on polysaccharides. The K sub(m) value for maltose hydrolysis at pH 4.0 and 50 degree C was 1.85 mM. The enzyme was not adsorbed onto raw corn starch and showed little raw starch degradation. The alpha -glucosidase did not require any metal ion for activity. This represents the first characterization of intracellular alpha -glucosidase from A. pullulans. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 73 EP - 77 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - alpha -glucosidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aureobasidium pullulans KW - purification KW - kinetics KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16782083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+and+characteristics+of+an+intracellular+alpha+-glucosidase+from+a+color+variant+strain+of+Aureobasidium+pullulans&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aureobasidium pullulans; purification; kinetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of passaging a defective isolate of impatiens necrotic spot virus at different temperatures AN - 16781047; 3541510 AB - The effects of two temperatures on the cytopathology of a defective isolate of impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV-Igg) were compared with the effects on two normal isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV-NC4 and TSWV-D). INSV-Igg produced very few enveloped virions in plants grown at approximately 20 C. Instead, masses of nucleocapsid (N) protein appeared in characteristic chainlike formations. The N protein was serologically distinct from that of TSWV. In five experiments with eight to 10 mechanical transfers, each at elevated temperatures, one experiment in a greenhouse during summer and the other four in controlled environment chambers (27/24 C, light/dark), virions appeared in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with INSV-Igg between the first and fourth passages and thereafter, were consistently produced. In two out of four growth-chamber experiments, extracts from infected plants grown at 27/24 C (light/dark) did not react in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antisera to INSV N protein after the third passage. This serological change was correlated in one experiment with a change in the appearance of the N protein: Characteristic chains were no longer observed in infected cells, but large, amorphous, electron-dense masses appeared in which virions were visible. These masses failed to react with antisera to INSV N protein in immunogold-labeling experiments. In parallel serial passages at 21/18 C (light/dark), virions were not observed in infected plants. Cytopathology and serological reactivity of the N protein remained unaltered. Passaging at different temperatures did not alter the cytopathology of plants infected with TSWV-NC4 or TSWV-D. The high temperature triggered an increase in production of virions in the INSV-Igg culture and was sometimes accompanied by an antigenic change in the N protein. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lawson, R H AU - Dienelt, M M AU - Hsu, H T AD - USDA-ARS, Florist and Nursery Crops Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 662 EP - 670 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Nicotiana benthamiana KW - impatiens necrotic spot virus KW - cytopathology KW - temperature tolerance KW - defective mutant KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22184:Cytological studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+passaging+a+defective+isolate+of+impatiens+necrotic+spot+virus+at+different+temperatures&rft.au=Lawson%2C+R+H%3BDienelt%2C+M+M%3BHsu%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nicotiana benthamiana; impatiens necrotic spot virus; temperature tolerance; cytopathology; defective mutant ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of trypsin from an entomopathogen, Nomuraea rileyi NRRL 13755 AN - 16780597; 3536574 AB - Nomuraea rileyi isolate NRRL-13755 produced a large amount of trypsin enzyme when cultured on basal salt medium containing 1% (w/v) gelatin. The trypsin was purified nearly 60-fold, with a recovery of about 13% of the initial activity from the culture supernatant. This protease exhibited a remarkably high specific activity of nearly 370,000 IU/mg protein. The native molecular weight was estimated by gel permeation chromatography to be 30 kDa, and the subunit molecular weight was determined to be about 30 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The pH and temperature optima were determined to be 8.5 and 35 degree C, respectively. With a relative trypsin activity of 100%, this purified preparation showed about 10% chymoelastase and nearly 50% chymotrypsin activity. Metal-chelating agents such as EDTA and EGTA at 2 mM inhibited the enzyme activity by 40%, whereas N-carbobenzoxy-glycyl-L-phenylalaninamide (CBZ-gly-phe-NH sub(2)) (2 mM) and DTT (2 mM) had no effect on activity. Trypsin inhibitor from turkey egg-white at 100 mu g/ml strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Gupta, S C AU - Leathers, T D AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AD - Biopolymer Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA, ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 103 EP - 107 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - trypsin KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - characterization KW - purification KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+trypsin+from+an+entomopathogen%2C+Nomuraea+rileyi+NRRL+13755&rft.au=Gupta%2C+S+C%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BEl-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomuraea rileyi; purification; characterization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid screening of lactic acid bacteria for restriction endonuclease activity AN - 16780392; 3536512 AB - A rapid microscale heparin Sepharose CL-6B affinity gel procedure was developed for detecting restriction endonuclease (RE-Nase) activity in a variety of lactic acid bacteria. RE-Nase-containing extracts free of DNA, RNA and nonspecific nuclease activity can be produced for forty or more strains daily and only 10-12 ml of each log phase culture was required for screening. RE-Nase activity was detected in several streptococci and lactobacilli. With appropriate modifications, this procedure should allow rapid detection of RE-Nase activity in other bacterial species. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Poch, M T AU - Somkuti, G A AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 7 IS - 11 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - deoxyribonuclease KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lactic acid bacteria KW - screening KW - activity KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - N 14712:DNases KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Rapid+screening+of+lactic+acid+bacteria+for+restriction+endonuclease+activity&rft.au=Poch%2C+M+T%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Poch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - screening; lactic acid bacteria; activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nested and multiplex polymerase chain reactions for the identification of bluetongue virus infection in the biting midge, Culicoides variipennis AN - 16780114; 3540645 AB - Two polymerase chain reaction tests for the detection of bluetongue viral (BLU) RNA in the principal North American insect vector, Culicoides variipennis, were developed. The BLU serogroup specific test used the highly expressed non-structural protein 1 gene as the target gene and two amplification steps. First a 1228 base pair product was amplified using an outer primer pair, then a second amplification using a nested or internal primer pair produced a 930 base pair product. This nested PCR test was found to be very sensitive detecting an equivalent to 1 plaque-forming unit of BLU viral RNA extracted from infected biting midges. The serotype specific test used a multiplex PCR approach in which five different primer pairs were used simultaneously. Each pair was based on the variable outer capsid protein VP2 gene of the five US serotypes generating specific product which were easily identified by size difference. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was less sensitive than the nested-PCR but sufficient for use with field collected samples. These tests provide valuable tools for epidemiologic studies of BLU disease. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Wilson, W C AU - Chase, CCL AD - USDA-ARS, Arthropod-borne Anim. Dis. Res. Lab. P.O. Box 3965, University Stn., Laramie, WY 82071-3965, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 39 EP - 47 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - bluetongue virus KW - infection KW - Culicoides variipennis KW - Ceratopogonidae KW - detection KW - identification KW - Diptera KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Nested+and+multiplex+polymerase+chain+reactions+for+the+identification+of+bluetongue+virus+infection+in+the+biting+midge%2C+Culicoides+variipennis&rft.au=Wilson%2C+W+C%3BChase%2C+CCL&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bluetongue virus; Culicoides variipennis; Diptera; Ceratopogonidae; infection; identification; polymerase chain reaction; detection ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vegetation redistribution: A possible biosphere source of CO sub(2) during climatic change AN - 16779159; 3540733 AB - A new biogeographic model, MAPSS, predicts changes in vegetation leaf area index (LAI), site water balance and runoff, as well as changes in Biome boundaries. Potential scenarios of equilibrium vegetation redistribution under 2 x CO sub(2) climate from five different General Circulation Models (GCMs) are presented. In general, large spatial shifts in temperate and boreal vegetation are predicted under the different scenarios; while, tropical vegetation boundaries are predicted (with one exception) to experience minor distribution contractions. Maps of predicted changes in forest LAI imply drought-induced losses of biomass over most forested regions, even in the tropics. Regional patterns of forest decline and dieback are surprisingly consistent among the five GCM scenarios, given the general lack of consistency in predicted changes in regional precipitation patterns. Two factors contribute to the consistency among the GCMs of the regional ecological impacts of climatic change: 1) regional, temperature-induced increases in potential evapotranspiration (PET) tend to more than offset regional increases in precipitation; and, 2) the unchanging background interplay between the general circulation and the continental margins and mountain ranges produces a fairly stable pattern of regionally specific sensitivity to climatic change. Two areas exhibiting among the greatest sensitivity to drought-induced forest decline are eastern North America and eastern Europe to western Russia. Drought-induced vegetation decline (losses of LAI), predicted under all GCM scenarios, will release CO sub(2) to the atmosphere; while, expansion of forests at high latitudes will sequester CO sub(2). The imbalance in these two rate processes could produce a large, transient pulse of CO sub(2) to the atmosphere. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Neilson, R P Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 659 EP - 673 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - vegetation changes KW - biogeography KW - models KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - greenhouse effect KW - climatic changes KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Vegetation+redistribution%3A+A+possible+biosphere+source+of+CO+sub%282%29+during+climatic+change&rft.au=Neilson%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Neilson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Managing crop residues for the retention of carbon AN - 16778502; 3540706 AB - Soil organic matter, a major sink for carbon, is controlled by many factors that have complex interactions. The management of crop residues is of primary importance. Reduced tillage and no-tillage practices result in a significant build-up of soil organic matter because they greatly reduce the rates of decomposition of both the native soil organic matter and of the crop residues. The crop residues decompose slower because most remain on the soil surface where there is less biological activity, and the native soil organic matter decomposes slower because there is less tillage for aerating the soil and for breaking the aggregates that expose organic compounds to the soil microorganisms. Crop residues, however, are highly variable. Although most crop residues contain about 40 percent carbon, the nitrogen contents range from very low to more than 3.5 percent. For carbon to be stabilized in the soil as organic matter, there must be adequate nitrogen available in the system and this factor is frequently overlooked. Climate is often the most critical factor determining the sustainability and enhancement of soil organic matter. As temperatures increase, organic matter decomposition, particularly in frequently tilled soils, is greatly accelerated. As precipitation decreases, there is less biomass produced for replenishing decomposed carbon. Consequently, soil organic matter maintenance becomes increasingly difficult in either hot or arid regions, and particularly difficult in areas that are both hot and arid. Semiarid regions comprise almost 40% of the world's land area so management of crop residues in these fragile areas is important in relation to the global C picture. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Stewart, BA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 373 EP - 380 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - crop residues KW - semiarid environments KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Managing+crop+residues+for+the+retention+of+carbon&rft.au=Stewart%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity of AAL-toxin and other compounds produced by Alternaria alternata to jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) AN - 16777393; 3536651 AB - Nine isolates of Alternaria alternata were obtained from infected tomato (cv. Beefsteak) plants. Each isolate was grown on autoclaved rice medium and corn meal agar medium and evaluated for pathogenesis and phytotoxicity to jimsonweed plants. Only A. alternata SWSL 1 (NRRL 18822) caused lodging on 1-week-old jimsonweed plants when sprayed at a rate of 20 g of fungus-infested rice per 100 mL distilled water. The symptoms began within 24 to 48 h following inoculation, and all plants were dead after 96 h. Treatment of 2-week-old jimsonweed plants in the same manner affected growth only. No symptoms occurred when SWSL 1 spores from corn meal agar were applied to jimsonweed at a rate of 2 x 10 super(7) spores/mL, with or without dew. The filtrates of fungus-infested rice of the SWSL 1 isolate were found to contain the following phytotoxins: AAL-toxin (100 mu g/g), tenuazonic acid (10 mu g/g), and alternariol monomethyl ether (580 mu g/g). JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Abbas, H K AU - Vesonder, R F AU - Boyette, C D AU - Peterson, S W AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 155 EP - 160 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - toxicity KW - Datura stramonium KW - phytotoxins KW - Alternaria alternata KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16777393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+of+AAL-toxin+and+other+compounds+produced+by+Alternaria+alternata+to+jimsonweed+%28Datura+stramonium%29&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BVesonder%2C+R+F%3BBoyette%2C+C+D%3BPeterson%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria alternata; Datura stramonium; phytotoxins; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of feral Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations following the infusion of inherited sterility from released substerile males AN - 16776863; 3536133 AB - A pilot test was conducted in small mountain valleys from 1986 through 1990 in western North Carolina to assess the influence of released, substerilized males on wild populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and to measure the level of inherited sterility in wild populations. The number of wild males captured per ha was positively correlated with the distance from the release site of irradiated males. Analyses of seasonal population curves of wild H. zea males calculated from mark-recapture data suggest that seasonal increases of wild H. zea males were significantly delayed or reduced (or both) in mountain valleys where irradiated males were released. The incidence of larvae with chromosomal aberrations (progeny of irradiated, released males) collected from the test sites during the growing seasons indicated that irradiated males were competitive with wild males in mating with wild females, and were successful in producing F sub(1) progeny which further reduced the wild population. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Carpenter, JE AU - Gross, H R AD - Insect Biol. & Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1084 EP - 1091 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - biological control KW - population decline KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - sterile-release KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16776863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+feral+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+populations+following+the+infusion+of+inherited+sterility+from+released+substerile+males&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+JE%3BGross%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; USA, North Carolina; sterile-release; population decline; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of atmospheric exposure on chlorophyll a, biomass and productivity of the epilithon of a tailwater river AN - 16775844; 3531083 AB - Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of atmospheric exposure on the chlorophyll a content, biomass and gross primary productivity (GPP) of littoral epilithon in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. The chlorophyll a content of the epilithon was much more sensitive to exposure than the biomass. The epilithon was rapidly bleached during summer daytime exposures, but algal filaments remained attached for several weeks after reinundation. The percentage of initial chlorophyll a remaining after one day of exposure was not different from the percentage remaining after two days of exposure. However, significant reductions in chlorophyll a content were detected for daytime exposures as short as six hours. Overall, there were close inverse relationships (r super(2) greater than or equal to 0.73) between the time exposed or cumulative solar radiation (400-700 nm) and the percentage of initial chlorophyll a remaining after reinundation. The GPP of Cladophora glomerata-dominated epilithon from the permanently inundated channel was 10 times higher than the GPP of epilithon from the zone of daily water level fluctuation. Experimental atmospheric exposure of the epilithon from each zone reduced the GPP, but not the assimilation ratio (GPP per unit of chlorophyll a) of the epilithon. The Glen Canyon epilithon has low resistance to exposure disturbances, and recolonization is slow under hydropower peaking flow regimes. Cladophora glomerata has an important structural role in Glen Canyon, the disruption of which is likely to precipitate effects at higher trophic levels. JF - Regulated Rivers: Research & Management AU - Angradi, T R AU - Kubly, D M AD - USDA For. Serv., Northeastern For. Exp. Stn., Timber and Watershed Lab., Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 345 EP - 358 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0886-9375, 0886-9375 KW - air exposure KW - chlorophyll KW - chlorophylls KW - environmental effects KW - epilithon KW - exposure tolerance KW - hydroelectric power KW - phytobenthos KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - biomass KW - Freshwater KW - dams KW - USA, Arizona, Colorado R., Glen Canyon Dam KW - Cladophora glomerata KW - primary production KW - periphyton KW - solar radiation KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16775844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atmospheric+exposure+on+chlorophyll+a%2C+biomass+and+productivity+of+the+epilithon+of+a+tailwater+river&rft.au=Angradi%2C+T+R%3BKubly%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Angradi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.issn=08869375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air exposure; phytobenthos; exposure tolerance; biomass; periphyton; dams; solar radiation; primary production; hydroelectric power; environmental effects; chlorophylls; chlorophyll; Cladophora glomerata; USA, Arizona, Colorado R., Glen Canyon Dam; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of the bird repellent, methyl anthranilate, to fry of Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Ictalurus punctatus and Lepomis macrochirus AN - 16774121; 3533375 AB - Several laboratory and field studies have shown methyl anthranilate to be an effective, non-toxic and non-lethal bird repellent, with application potential for protecting crops, seeds, turf and fish stocks from bird damage. Furthermore, methyl anthranilate can be added to liquids for the purposes of protecting migratory birds. Despite the favorable outlook for methyl anthranilate's use as a safe repellent, no data exist on its environmental fate and effects. We have tested the acute toxicity of methyl anthranilate in a static system against the fry of four species of fish. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was 32.3 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 6 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson) was 23.5 mg/liter with the no observable effect limit at 5 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.) was estimated to be 20.1 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 7 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Raf.) was estimated to be 19.8 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 7 mg/liter. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Clark, L AU - Cummings, J AU - Bird, S AU - Aronov, E AD - USDA Anim. Plant Health Insp. Serv., Anim. Damage Control, Denver Wild. Res. Cent., Denver Fed. Cent., Build. 16, Denver, CO 80225, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - acute toxicity KW - aquatic birds KW - freshwater fish KW - lethal effects KW - methyl anthranilate KW - repellents KW - toxicity testing KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Salmo salar KW - Lepomis macrochirus KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16774121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+the+bird+repellent%2C+methyl+anthranilate%2C+to+fry+of+Salmo+salar%2C+Oncorhynchus+mykiss%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+and+Lepomis+macrochirus&rft.au=Clark%2C+L%3BCummings%2C+J%3BBird%2C+S%3BAronov%2C+E&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; freshwater fish; toxicity tests; lethal effects; repellents; toxicity testing; acute toxicity; Lepomis macrochirus; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmo salar; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial pattern analysis for underground propagules of Potamogeton gramineus L. in two northern California irrigation canals AN - 16771686; 3530605 AB - We sampled areas of two canals (Solano Irrigation District, California) that were dominated by Potamogeton gramineus L. The ratios of variance to mean for winter bud abundance in the Byrnes Canal indicated that winter buds were not randomly distributed. Clumping was detected at a patch size of 7.2 cm diameter in both 1985 and 1989. Applying two quadrat variance methods to data from the Weyend Canal also indicated that winter buds were clumped. The radius of the patch size was 1.65 m. Patch edges were not sharply defined, and the spaces between patches were not empty. Geostatistical analysis yielded an experimental semivariogram for winter bud abundance, using the spherical equation, with a sill of 49776, a nugget of 32378, and a range of influence of 57 m. JF - Journal of freshwater ecology. La Crosse, WI AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 297 EP - 303 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - freshwater ecology KW - patches KW - plant organs KW - propagules KW - spatial distribution KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - canals KW - Potamogeton gramineus KW - statistical analysis KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - buds KW - USA, California KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.atitle=Spatial+pattern+analysis+for+underground+propagules+of+Potamogeton+gramineus+L.+in+two+northern+California+irrigation+canals&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - canals; freshwater ecology; aquatic plants; statistical analysis; plant organs; buds; spatial distribution; patches; propagules; Potamogeton gramineus; USA, California; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of cotton phytoalexins to zoopathogenic fungi AN - 16771541; 3533667 AB - The sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins desoxyhemigossypol, desoxymethoxyhemigossypol, and hemigossypolone formed in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) stem xylem infected with Verticillium dahliae were shown to be highly toxic to zoopathogenic fungi. This appears to be the first study of the toxicity of terpenoid phytoalexins to zoopathogenic fungi. The toxicities of the phytoalexins expressed as MIC ( mu g/ml) values were 8 to 128 against four isolates of Candida albicans and one isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans. These highly toxic compounds or their derivatives may prove useful for the treatment of animal mycoses. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Mace, ME AU - Stipanovic, R D AU - Bell, A A AD - Cotton Pathol. Res. Unit, Southern Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, College Stn., TX, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 294 EP - 295 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - antifungal agents KW - phytoalexins KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Candida albicans KW - Gossypium KW - Cryptococcus neoformans KW - infection KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+cotton+phytoalexins+to+zoopathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Mace%2C+ME%3BStipanovic%2C+R+D%3BBell%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Mace&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Verticillium dahliae; Candida albicans; Cryptococcus neoformans; phytoalexins; antifungal agents; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggregation pheromone of Carpophilus antiquus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and kairomonal use of C. lugubris pheromone by C. antiquus AN - 16771299; 3533778 AB - Males of Carpophilus antiquus Melsheimer (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) emit an aggregation pheromone that was found to be a novel hydrocarbon, (3E,5E,7E,9E)-6,8-diethyl -4-methyl-3,5,7,9-dodecatetraene. A synthetic scheme and spectra (mass and proton NMR) are given for the compound. Beetles produced the pheromone when feeding on a variety of media, including the brewer's yeast-based artificial diet, fermenting whole-wheat bread dough, corn, and prunes; live baker's yeast was generally added to the food media. Males held individually produced, on average, 25 x more pheromone per beetle than males held in groups of 10 or more. Pheromone was not produced until males were at least 5 days old but was still detected from the oldest beetles tested (47 days). In field tests, the pheromone was attractive to both sexes of C. antiquus, and it was synergized by food volatiles: A combination of pheromone and fermenting whole wheat dough attracted 2.5 x more beetles than pheromone alone, but dough by itself was not significantly more attractive than the control. Semiochemical interactions were studied among C. antiquus and two other sympatric species for which pheromones are known, C. lugubris Murray and C. freemani Dobson. C. antiquus responded readily to the pheromone of C. lugubris, but all other interspecific responses to the pheromones were weak. In a sample of naturally infested corn ears, the presence of C. antiquus was strongly associated with the presence of C. lugubris, as would be expected if the pheromone of C. lugubris serves as a kairomone for C. antiquus. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Seaton, K L AU - Dowd, P F AD - Bioactive Const., USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2203 EP - 2216 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Carpophilus KW - attractancy KW - interspecific relationships KW - kairomones KW - aggregation pheromone KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Aggregation+pheromone+of+Carpophilus+antiquus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Nitidulidae%29+and+kairomonal+use+of+C.+lugubris+pheromone+by+C.+antiquus&rft.au=Bartelt%2C+R+J%3BSeaton%2C+K+L%3BDowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Bartelt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carpophilus; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; aggregation pheromone; attractancy; kairomones; interspecific relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues in three Minnesota soils AN - 16770717; 3533451 AB - The persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues were determined in the top 45 cm of an Estherville sandy loam (sl), Port Byron silt loam (sil), and Webster clay loam (cl) in the field. Analysis of sethoxydim residues simultaneously quantified parent and eight metabolites by conversion to a common volatile end product, 3-[2(ethylsulfonyl)propyl]-pentanedioic acid dimethyl ester, followed by analysis using gas chromatography (GC) and a flame photometric detector. Recovery of residues from soil spiked with 100 mu g/kg was 86 plus or minus 21%. Residues remaining in soil 21 days after treatment (DAT) in 1989 were 37, 51, and 29% of the applied sethoxydim in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, 86, 52, and 24% remained in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Alachlor remaining 21 DAT in 1989 was 66, 52, and 65% of that applied in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, it was 16, 13, and 100% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Atrazine had the greatest % of applied chemical remaining 21 DAT in 1989: 100, 71, and 73% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Of the atrazine applied in 1990, atrazine remaining 21 DAT was 87% in the sl, 42% in the sil, and 100% in the cl. Over all soils and years, the amount of total sethoxydim residues remaining 137 DAT was the least of the three herbicides. In terms of leaching, sethoxydim residues showed least movement, with minimal detections below 0 to 15 cm. Although sethoxydim appears to be advantageous over alachlor and atrazine in terms of potential impact on ground water quality, additional information regarding composition of the detected residues is needed to better assess its environmental impact. JF - Weed Science AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Reynolds, K M AU - Buhler, D D AU - Wyse, D L AU - Barber, B L AU - Jarvis, L J AD - Soil and Water Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 634 EP - 640 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - atrazine KW - alachlor KW - soil types KW - comparison studies KW - groundwater contamination KW - sethoxydim KW - residues KW - pollutant persistence KW - pollution dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - leachates KW - herbicides KW - USA, Minnesota KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16770717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+movement+of+sethoxydim+residues+in+three+Minnesota+soils&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BReynolds%2C+K+M%3BBuhler%2C+D+D%3BWyse%2C+D+L%3BBarber%2C+B+L%3BJarvis%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=634&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; groundwater pollution; leachates; soil types; comparison studies; USA, Minnesota; residues; pollutant persistence; pollution dispersion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incipient motion of sand-gravel sediment mixtures AN - 16768332; 3532037 AB - Experiments on the incipient motion of gravel and sand mixtures of 0:100, 10:90, 25:75, 45; 55, and 100:0 percent ratios of gravel and sand, respectively, were made in a laboratory flume. A series of transport experiments was made for each of the five sediment beds and the critical shear for motion was calculated for 12 size ranges by interpolating or extrapolating the bed shear stress for a very small transport rate. The sand in each of the five bed mixtures began to move at nearly the same bed shear stress. All gravel sizes began to move at nearly the same bed shear stress in the 100% gravel experiments, but in the sand-gravel experiments the gravel showed an increase in critical shear stress with increasing size. Reasons for this change in the initiation of motion of the gravel from the 100% gravel to the sand-gravel mixtures may result from the abundant sand-sized sediment inhibiting the formation of a coarse bed surface layer in the sand-gravel experiments. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Kuhnle, R A AD - Nat. Sedimentation Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1400 EP - 1417 VL - 119 IS - 12 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - model studies KW - modelling KW - sediment texture KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - sand KW - flumes KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - shear stress KW - sedimentation KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - gravel KW - experimental data KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - O 3050:Sediment Dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Incipient+motion+of+sand-gravel+sediment+mixtures&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sediment texture; sand; flumes; erosion; sediment transport; shear stress; sedimentation; modelling; experimental data; gravel; model studies; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of rice milling byproducts (hulls and bran) to remove metal ions from aqueous solution AN - 16768213; 3535611 JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering & Toxic and Hazardous Substance Control AU - Marshall, W E AU - Champagne, E T AU - Evans, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Reg. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1977 EP - 1992 VL - A28 IS - 9 SN - 0360-1226, 0360-1226 KW - rice milling KW - by products KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - adsorption KW - ions KW - metals KW - water treatment KW - ion exchange KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+%26+Toxic+and+Hazardous+Substance+Control&rft.atitle=Use+of+rice+milling+byproducts+%28hulls+and+bran%29+to+remove+metal+ions+from+aqueous+solution&rft.au=Marshall%2C+W+E%3BChampagne%2C+E+T%3BEvans%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=A28&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+%26+Toxic+and+Hazardous+Substance+Control&rft.issn=03601226&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metals; adsorption; ions; water treatment; ion exchange ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect cuticle and yeast extract effects on germination, growth, and production of hydrolytic enzymes by Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16765742; 3527200 AB - Larval cuticle of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea and yeast extract added to a minimal medium (MM) induced germination of conidia of Nomuraea rileyi whereas sterile distilled water or MM alone did not. Yeast extract increased mycelial yield, but when cuticle was added, mycelial yield significantly decreased. Proteases and chitinases of N. rileyi were only expressed when cuticle was added to the MM. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - effects on KW - yeast extract KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cuticles KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - enzymes KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Lepidoptera KW - germination KW - growth KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Insect+cuticle+and+yeast+extract+effects+on+germination%2C+growth%2C+and+production+of+hydrolytic+enzymes+by+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cuticles; enzymes; entomopathogenic fungi; growth; germination; Helicoverpa zea; Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and dot hybridizations distinguish mycoplasmalike organisms associated with Flavescence doree and southern European grapevine yellows disease in Italy AN - 16765521; 3533413 AB - Biotinylated cloned DNA probes were employed in dot hybridizations and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses to compare mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with two grapevine yellows diseases (strain FDU of flavescence doree MLO from northern Italy and strain FDB of southern European grapevine yellows MLO from southern Italy) and Italian periwinkle virescence disease (MLO strain G from northern Italy). Results from dot hybridizations using six probes containing cloned DNA of MLO strain FDU, of MLO strain G, or of American aster yellows MLO strain AY1, revealed that FDU and FDB shared some regions of DNA sequence homology with one another as well as with MLO strains G and AY1, but all four MLOs were mutually distinguished. RFLP patterns of chromosomal DNA from southern European grapevine yellows MLO strain FDB exhibited some similarities with those from MLO strain G but were markedly different from those exhibited by DNA from flavescence doree MLO strain FDU. The results indicate that at least two distinct MLOs are associated with grapevine yellows in Italy. JF - Phytopathology AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Bertaccini, A AU - Lee, I-M AU - Credi, R AU - Osler, R AU - Savino, V AU - Carraro, L AU - Di Terlizzi, B AU - Barba, M AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 772 EP - 776 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Scaphoideus titanus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma-like organisms KW - Vitis vinifera KW - hybridization analysis KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - strains KW - Italy KW - flavescence doree KW - comparison KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+analyses+and+dot+hybridizations+distinguish+mycoplasmalike+organisms+associated+with+Flavescence+doree+and+southern+European+grapevine+yellows+disease+in+Italy&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BBertaccini%2C+A%3BLee%2C+I-M%3BCredi%2C+R%3BOsler%2C+R%3BSavino%2C+V%3BCarraro%2C+L%3BDi+Terlizzi%2C+B%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma-like organisms; hybridization analysis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; strains; comparison; flavescence doree; Vitis vinifera; Italy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An economic analysis of localized pollution: Rendering emissions in a residential setting AN - 16765396; 3528560 AB - The contingent value method is employed to estimate economic damages to households resulting from rendering plant emissions in a small town. Household willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) are estimated individually and in aggregate. The influence of household characteristics on WTP and WTA is examined via regression models. The perception of health risk is an important determinant of household valuation, while income appears insignificant. Both WTA and WTP results indicate that a potential Pareto-improvement is possible with the incorporation of current abatement technology. JF - Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Bowker, J M AU - MacDonald, H F AD - USDA For. Serv., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 45 EP - 59 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0008-3976, 0008-3976 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - public concern KW - odors KW - economics KW - industrial emissions KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=An+economic+analysis+of+localized+pollution%3A+Rendering+emissions+in+a+residential+setting&rft.au=Bowker%2C+J+M%3BMacDonald%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Bowker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00083976&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; economics; industrial emissions; public concern; odors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of genetics of biological-control introductions AN - 16764471; 3731814 JF - Annual Review of Entomology. Vol. 38, pp. 27-51. 1993. AU - Hopper, K R AU - Roush, R T AU - Powell, W AD - European Biol. Control Lab., ARS-USDA, BP 4168, 34092 Montpellier, France Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 27 EP - 51 VL - 38 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - genetic variance KW - introduced species KW - Insecta KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16764471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Hopper%2C+K+R%3BRoush%2C+R+T%3BPowell%2C+W&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=0824301382&rft.btitle=Management+of+genetics+of+biological-control+introductions&rft.title=Management+of+genetics+of+biological-control+introductions&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; biological control; parasitoids; genetic variance; introduced species; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of allelopathy in hay-scented fern interference with black cherry regeneration AN - 16764438; 3529169 AB - Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings survive and grow poorly under dense hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula Michx.) ground cover in the understory of partially cut Allegheny hardwood stands. Previous field studies showed that there were about 80% fewer black cherry seedlings where fern was present than where it was absent. Allelopathic interference with black cherry seed germination, seedling survival, and growth by hay-scented fern foliage leachates, root washings, and soil transformation products was evaluated in a series of field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments. Black cherry seeds germinated as well in the presence of hay-scented fern or its leachates as when they were absent in both the laboratory and the field. Fern foliage leachates and root washings did not affect black cherry growth in sand or natural soil cores in the greenhouse. There also was no evidence that hay-scented fern natural products or their soil transformation products built up in the soil. A two-year manipulative field experiment to separate effects of hay-scented fern foliage shade from foliar leaching showed that foliage shade significantly reduced black cherry seedling survival and growth; foliage leachates had no effect. Results of the studies led to the conclusion that allelopathy does not play a direct role in hay-scented fern interference with black cherry seedling establishment in partially cut Allegheny hardwood stands. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Horsley, S B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 928, Warren, PA 16365, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2737 EP - 2755 VL - 19 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - regeneration KW - interference KW - shade KW - allelopathy KW - Prunus serotina KW - Dennstaedtia punctilobula KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16764438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Role+of+allelopathy+in+hay-scented+fern+interference+with+black+cherry+regeneration&rft.au=Horsley%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus serotina; Dennstaedtia punctilobula; regeneration; interference; shade; allelopathy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine runoff and leaching losses from soil in tilted beds as influenced by three rates of lagoon effluent AN - 16764013; 3527191 AB - Soil organic matter is frequently associated with reduced herbicide mobility and phytotoxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of lagoon effluent application on runoff and leaching losses of atrazine. Tilted beds, packed with Tifton soil and equipped with runoff and leachate collection funnels, were utilized. Lagoon effluent was applied at three rates, followed by atrazine and bromide application. Simulated rainfall (5 cm h super(-1)) was applied for two hours, and runoff and leachate were collected. Increasing the rate of effluent application increased runoff flow rate and decreased leaching flow rate. The percentage of atrazine lost in runoff increased with effluent application rate, but the percentage lost to leaching decreased. Therefore, the total atrazine lost was not affected by effluent application rate. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Davis-Carter, J G AU - Burgoa, B AD - Univ. Georgia and USDA-ARS, Coastal Plain Exper. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 18 VL - B28 IS - 1 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - land application KW - herbicides KW - effluents KW - atrazine KW - runoff KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16764013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Atrazine+runoff+and+leaching+losses+from+soil+in+tilted+beds+as+influenced+by+three+rates+of+lagoon+effluent&rft.au=Davis-Carter%2C+J+G%3BBurgoa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Davis-Carter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=B28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; leaching; runoff; effluents; land application; herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forage yield losses in hybrid pearl millet due to leaf blight caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea AN - 16763771; 3528345 AB - The effects of leaf blight, caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea, on forage yield and digestibility of pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in 1990, 1991, and 1992. A range of disease severities on Pyricularia-susceptible hybrid Tifleaf 1 and on the resistant, near-isogenic hybrid Tifleaf 2 were established by inoculation with P. grisea or by application of chlorothalonil. Even with irrigation, no appreciable leaf blight developed in the dry 1990 season. In 1991 and 1992, disease severities (percentage of foliage with chlorosis and necrosis) in individual plots ranged from 3 to 35%. Leaf blight severity in 1991 and 1992 was negatively correlated with green plot yield, dry matter yield, and digestible dry matter yield. In vitro dry matter digestibility was unaffected by disease, and the response of dry matter concentration was inconsistent between years. Within the range of severities obtained, digestible dry matter yield decreased linearly with increases in leaf blight severity. Based on observed leaf blight severities of the Pyricularia-resistant Tifleaf 2, the regression equations estimate that minor pathogens that contribute to the leaf blight complex may reduce digestible dry matter yield of this hybrid by as much as 19%. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wilson, J P AU - Gates, R N AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Res. Unit, Univ. Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 739 EP - 744 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Pyricularia grisea KW - yield KW - leaf blight KW - dry matter KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Forage+yield+losses+in+hybrid+pearl+millet+due+to+leaf+blight+caused+primarily+by+Pyricularia+grisea&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P%3BGates%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyricularia grisea; Pennisetum glaucum; leaf blight; yield; dry matter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of leafy spurge by Alternaria alternata and A. angustiovoidea in the absence of dew AN - 16763681; 3528258 AB - An invert emulsion carrier (IEC, water-in-oil type) was developed that could be applied easily with a garden sprayer (3.785 L with T-Jet 8002 nozzle) and that showed negligible phytotoxicity to leafy spurge. The IEC contained an oil phase and a water phase (1:1, v/v). The oil phase contained 20 ml of mineral oil, 2 ml of Myverol 18-99, 80 ml of Orchex 796, and 6 g of paraffin wax. The water phase contained 0.5 g of sucrose, 0.1 ml of Tween 20, and 100 ml of tap water. Eighty-five percent of conidia of Alternaria alternata and A. angustiovoidea germinated in the IEC in uncovered petri dishes in the greenhouse in the absence of dew at 21-25 C. However, less than 10% of conidia of A. alternata and 0% of that of A. angustiovoidea germinated in the aqueous sucrose solution under the same greenhouse conditions. When conidia of both Alternaria species were suspended in the IEC and sprayed onto leafy spurge, the plants were infected and killed in the absence of dew in growth chambers, greenhouse, and field plots. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yang, S-M AU - Johnson AU - Dowler, WM AU - Connick, WJ Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res. Unit, Fort Detrick, Build. 1301, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 953 EP - 958 VL - 83 IS - 9 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Alternaria angustiovoidea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Euphorbia esula KW - Alternaria alternata KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Infection+of+leafy+spurge+by+Alternaria+alternata+and+A.+angustiovoidea+in+the+absence+of+dew&rft.au=Yang%2C+S-M%3BJohnson%3BDowler%2C+WM%3BConnick%2C+WJ+Jr&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=S-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphorbia esula; Alternaria alternata; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of cuticle source and concentration on expression of hydrolytic enzymes by an entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16763476; 3527193 AB - The effects of cuticle from larvae of Trichoplusia ni and Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea on expression of proteases and chitinases by germinating conidia of Nomuraea rileyi in submerged cultures were studied. Increasing the concentration of T. ni or H. zea cuticle resulted in a 13- and 15-fold increase in protease activity, respectively. Endochitinase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity on the T. ni and H. zea substrates increased as cuticular concentrations increased to 2.5%, then stabilized or decreased thereafter. The simultaneous expression of both proteases and chitinases suggests that they are controlled by a multiple-regulatory system. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 149 EP - 152 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - effects on KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - cuticles KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - enzymes KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Effects+of+cuticle+source+and+concentration+on+expression+of+hydrolytic+enzymes+by+an+entomopathogenic+fungus%2C+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cuticles; enzymes; entomopathogenic fungi; Trichoplusia ni; Helicoverpa zea; Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial delignification with white rot fungi improves forage digestibility AN - 16762688; 3528191 AB - Three wild-type white rot fungi and two cellulase-less mutants developed from Phanerochaete chrysosporium K-3 (formerly Sporotrichum pulverulentum) were tested for their ability to delignify grass cell walls and improve biodegradation by rumen microorganisms. Fungal-treated and control stems of Bermuda grass were analyzed for their content of ester- and ether-linked aromatics by using alkali extraction and gas chromatography, for in vitro dry weight digestion and production of volatile fatty acids in in vitro fermentations with mixed ruminal microorganisms, for loss of lignin and other aromatics from specific cell wall types by using microspectrophotometry, and for structural changes before and after in vitro degradation by rumen microorganisms by using transmission electron microscopy. P. chrysosporium K-3 and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP 90031-sp produced the greatest losses in lignin and improved the biodegradation of Bermuda grass over that of untreated control substrate. However, C. subvermispora removed the most lignin and significantly improved biodegradation over all other treatments. Phellinus pini RAB-83-19 and cellulase-less mutants 3113 and 85118 developed from P. chrysosporium K-3 did not improve the biodegradation of Bermuda grass lignocellulose. Results indicated that C. subvermispora extensively removed ester-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids and also removed the greatest amount of non-ester-linked aromatics from plant cell walls. Microscopic observations further indicated that C. subvermispora removed esters from parenchyma cell walls as well as esters and lignin from the more recalcitrant cell walls (i.e., sclerenchyma and vascular tissues). C. subvermispora improved in vitro digestion and volatile fatty acid production by ruminal microorganisms by about 80%, while dry matter loss due to fungi was about 20% greater than loss in untreated control stems. The chemical and structural studies used identified sites of specific fungal attack and suggested mechanisms whereby improvement occurred. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Akin, DE AU - Sethuraman, A AU - Morrison, WH III AU - Martin, SA AU - Eriksson, K-EL AD - Russell Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4274 EP - 4282 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lignin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - grasses KW - biodegradation KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microbial+delignification+with+white+rot+fungi+improves+forage+digestibility&rft.au=Akin%2C+DE%3BSethuraman%2C+A%3BMorrison%2C+WH+III%3BMartin%2C+SA%3BEriksson%2C+K-EL&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - grasses; biodegradation; Phanerochaete chrysosporium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capture of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in pheromone traps and hand nets: Relationship to egg and adult densities in field corn, Texas Brazos River Valley AN - 16762055; 3527438 AB - Temporal patterns of capture of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in pheromone traps and by hand nets and the relationship of numbers caught to egg and adult densities were studied for 35 and 44 nights during 1988 and 1989, respectively, in four commercial corn fields near College Station, TX. The percentage of nightly pheromone-trap catch, divided into hourly periods, was highest between 2100 and 2200 hours (CDT). Coefficient of determination between number of males caught in traps between 2100 and 2200 hours and egg densities determined the following morning (R super(2) = 37%) was also higher than for other time periods. However, stepwise regression showed that trap catch between 0400 and 0500 hours in combination with number of fresh silks per hectare provided the best equation for predicting egg densities (R super(2) = 51%). Of the total numbers of moths captured by hand net, 62% were females. The percentage of nightly hand-net catch of females was highest between 2100 and 2400 hours and of males was nearly uniform throughout the night. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Latheef, MA AU - Lopez, JD Jr AU - Witz, JA AD - Aerial Applic. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, College Stn., TX 77843, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 407 EP - 415 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - corn earworms KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - nets KW - Lepidoptera KW - pheromone traps KW - Zea mays KW - temporal variations KW - Noctuidae KW - population density KW - eggs KW - adults KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Capture+of+corn+earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+in+pheromone+traps+and+hand+nets%3A+Relationship+to+egg+and+adult+densities+in+field+corn%2C+Texas+Brazos+River+Valley&rft.au=Latheef%2C+MA%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr%3BWitz%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Latheef&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; USA, Texas; pheromone traps; eggs; adults; population density; temporal variations; nets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical processes and nutrient uptake by plants in hydric soils AN - 16762030; 3528575 AB - Soil reduction caused by flooding has profound effects on species adaptation and mineral nutrition of higher plants. Anaerobic conditions inhibit normal root respiration of higher plants. Alternate metabolic pathways may be utilized in combination with the development of anatomical characteristics that result in the internal movement of oxygen to the roots. Soil organisms use other oxidants when the oxygen supply is interrupted, which results in profound changes in oxidative states of many metals and nonmetals, and changes in soil reaction and conductivity. The products of reduction are primarily nitrogen gas, manganous manganese, ferrous iron, sulfide sulfur, methane, and organic acids. These reduction products alter the availability of soil nutrients and can drastically alter the soil acidity. Plant-soil interactions on flooded soils can sometimes be altered, as has been demonstrated by the use of phosphorus fertilizer on southern pine and zinc on rice. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - McKee, WH Jr AU - McKevlin, M R AD - Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2197 EP - 2207 VL - 12 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - soil reduction KW - nutrient uptake KW - flooded soils KW - anaerobic environments KW - geochemistry KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - flooding KW - soil types KW - plants KW - nutrients KW - wetlands KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04200:Wetlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Geochemical+processes+and+nutrient+uptake+by+plants+in+hydric+soils&rft.au=McKee%2C+WH+Jr%3BMcKevlin%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=McKee&rft.aufirst=WH&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants; wetlands; geochemistry; soil types; flooding; nutrients; nutrient uptake; flooded soils; anaerobic environments ER - TY - CONF T1 - Carbon trends of productive temperate forests of the coterminous United States AN - 16761724; 3523469 AB - Carbon trends of U.S. timberlands reflect past and current harvesting patterns and forest growth. Using periodic forest inventory data coupled with the Carbon Budget Model, we estimate C inventory from 1952 to the present, and project future trends through 2070. Two sets of projections are presented, one based on economically derived harvest levels and the other assuming no harvests after 1990. Productive forest sequester an average of 250 Tg C yr super(-1) from 1952-1987, but projections under expected harvests assuming no changes in growing conditions indicate this rate will fall to 60 Tg C yr super(-1) from 1987 to at least 2050, and then become a C source by 2070. Carbon sequestered in products and landfills over the projection period average 75 Tg C yr super(-1). An estimated 328 Tg C yr super(-1) would be sequestered if harvesting ceased. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Heath, L S AU - Birdsey, R A Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 279 EP - 293 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - carbon cycle KW - storage KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16761724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Carbon+trends+of+productive+temperate+forests+of+the+coterminous+United+States&rft.au=Heath%2C+L+S%3BBirdsey%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) to its aggregation pheromone and wheat volatiles AN - 16760550; 3528831 AB - The attraction of adult Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) to its aggregation pheromone and to volatiles of infested wheat was examined in relation to age, sex, and female mating status. Male and female beetles did not differ in their response to pheromone or wheat volatiles regardless of insect age. Virgin and mated females did not differ in their response to the pheromone or wheat volatiles. R. dominica was more responsive to wheat that was infested than to clean wheat, and the response was proportional to the density of insects in the wheat. This suggests a strong attraction to the insect pheromone in infested grain. The implications of these findings for the attraction and migration of R. dominica to stored wheat are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dowdy, A K AU - Howard, R W AU - Seitz, L M AU - McGaughey, W H AD - Grain Marketing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 965 EP - 970 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bostrichidae KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Rhyzopertha dominica KW - Coleoptera KW - attractancy KW - volatiles KW - aggregation pheromone KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16760550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Rhyzopertha+dominica+%28Coleoptera%3A+Bostrichidae%29+to+its+aggregation+pheromone+and+wheat+volatiles&rft.au=Dowdy%2C+A+K%3BHoward%2C+R+W%3BSeitz%2C+L+M%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dowdy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhyzopertha dominica; Triticum aestivum; Coleoptera; Bostrichidae; aggregation pheromone; volatiles; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A bioassay system for collecting volatiles while simultaneously attracting tephritid fruit flies AN - 16759814; 3527087 AB - A bioassay system was developed that permits the testing of various substrates for biological activity in a flight tunnel, while simultaneously collecting a portion of the volatiles from the attractive source for subsequent chemical identification and quantification. Bioassays of the response of virgin female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to volatiles released by calling males were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light cycles and fluctuating environmental conditions, similar to those in the field. Using this system, the periodicity of response of the female flies between 1300 and 1845 hr (EST) was tested. Fifty to 75% response occurred between 1700 and 1845 hr. Male pheromone release was greatest between 1500 and 1800 hr. Videotaped records of insects, taken between 1700 and 1800 hr as flies approached and entered the traps, were analyzed to interpret the communicative role of the volatiles released. Significantly more flies landed on and entered the pheromone-emitting trap than the control trap. There was no difference in the amount of time spent on the trap face, an indication that volatiles were attractants. The system described should be of general utility in determination of the attraction of pest fruit flies to suspected attractants. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Heath, R R AU - Manukian, A AU - Epsky, N D AU - Sivinski, J AU - Calkins, C O AU - Landolt, P J AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol., Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2395 EP - 2410 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pest control KW - bioassays KW - Tephritidae KW - Anastrepha suspensa KW - attractancy KW - volatiles KW - pheromones KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16759814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+bioassay+system+for+collecting+volatiles+while+simultaneously+attracting+tephritid+fruit+flies&rft.au=Heath%2C+R+R%3BManukian%2C+A%3BEpsky%2C+N+D%3BSivinski%2C+J%3BCalkins%2C+C+O%3BLandolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha suspensa; Diptera; Tephritidae; bioassays; volatiles; attractancy; pheromones; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riboflavin requirement of fingerling red hybrid tilapia grown in seawater AN - 16758241; 3529348 AB - Red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus fingerlings were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/kg, and 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg of riboflavin in separate 8 and 12 wk feeding studies, respectively. The dietary riboflavin level required to provide maximum growth and survival, and prevent deficiency symptoms in red hybrid tilapia fingerlings was found to be approximately 5 mg/kg of diet. In both trials, fish fed the diet devoid of supplemental riboflavin exhibited anorexia, reduced growth and nervous symptoms after 4-6 wk. Mortality began to occur after the sixth week. None of these abnormalities were observed during the first 6 wk in fish fed the riboflavin supplemented diets. However, by the seventh week, fish fed the diet supplemented with 2.5 mg/kg of riboflavin showed reduced appetite and growth rate. In both experiments, short body dwarfism was observed during week 8 for fish fed the diet without riboflavin supplementation. In experiment 1, fish fed the riboflavin-deficient diet had lens cataracts at week 8. This deficiency sign was not observed in experiment 2. Histological studies of liver, kidney, spleen, lateral muscle, gill and gastrointestinal tract revealed no major histopathological changes. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Lim, C AU - Leamaster, B AU - Brock, JA AD - Trop. Aquac. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-PWA, Hawaii Inst. Mar. Biol., P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96777, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 451 EP - 458 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - nutritional requirements KW - Marine KW - sea water KW - fish culture KW - pathology KW - diets KW - Oreochromis mossambicus KW - hybrid culture KW - fingerlings KW - vitamin B KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - growth KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16758241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Riboflavin+requirement+of+fingerling+red+hybrid+tilapia+grown+in+seawater&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BLeamaster%2C+B%3BBrock%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutritional requirements; sea water; pathology; fish culture; diets; hybrid culture; fingerlings; vitamin B; growth; Oreochromis mossambicus; Oreochromis niloticus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of Pratylenchus penetrans by nematode-pathogenic fungi AN - 16757155; 3528343 AB - Eleven fungal isolates were tested in agar dishes for pathogenicity to Pratylenchus penetrans. Of the fungi that produce adhesive conidia, Hirsutella rhossiliensis was a virulent pathogen; Verticillium balanoides, Drechmeria coniospora, and Nematoctonus sp. were weak or nonpathogens. The trapping fungi, Arthrobotrys dactyloides, A. oligospora, Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, and M. cionopagum, killed most of the P. penetrans adults and juveniles added to the fungus cultures. An isolate of Nematoctonus that forms adhesive knobs trapped only a small proportion of the nematodes. In 17-cm super(3) vials, soil moisture influenced survival of P. penetrans in the presence of H. rhossiliensis; nematode survival decreased with diminishing soil moisture. Hirsutella rhossiliensis and M. ellipsosporum were equally effective in reducing numbers of P. penetrans by 24-25% after 4 days in sand. After 25 days in soil artificially infested with H. rhossiliensis, numbers of P. penetrans were reduced by 28-53%. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Timper, P AU - Brodie, B B AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutr. Lab., Tower Rd., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 297 EP - 302 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Pratylenchus penetrans KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - nematophagous fungi KW - nematode trapping organs KW - pathogens KW - fungi KW - Nematoda KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16757155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Infection+of+Pratylenchus+penetrans+by+nematode-pathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Timper%2C+P%3BBrodie%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Timper&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nematoda; pathogens; nematophagous fungi; nematode trapping organs; biological control; fungi ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analysis of agroecosystem carbon pools AN - 16756797; 3527315 AB - We present analyses of major driving variable controls on soil C in agroecosystems. Historical changes in soil C storage in agricultural soils are characterized by large losses during transition from natural grasslands and forests. A major driver in more recent times is the steadily increasing rate of net primary production of major land areas in agriculture. Simulation and analytical models are used to predict trajectories and potential soil C storage under possible scenarios of changed management and climate. Database and analytical requirements for extrapolation from regional to global scales are outlined. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Cole, V AU - Paustian, K AU - Elliott, E T AU - Metherell, AK AU - Ojima, D S AU - Parton, W J Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 357 EP - 371 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16756797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+agroecosystem+carbon+pools&rft.au=Cole%2C+V%3BPaustian%2C+K%3BElliott%2C+E+T%3BMetherell%2C+AK%3BOjima%2C+D+S%3BParton%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of comandra blister rust on growth and survival of lodgepole pine AN - 16756773; 3528181 AB - Comandra blister rust, caused by the fungus Cronartium comandrae, reduced growth and survival of lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia) in the central Rocky Mountains. Stem analyses were used to determine annual increments of total cubic bolewood volume for 74 lodgepole pine trees 4-22 m tall, cankered by comandra blister rust. Mean annual increments after canker establishment were reduced 32% for trees with crown tops killed by comandra blister rust (spiked) and 9% for trees not yet girdled. Volume increments of spiked trees decreased each year after canker establishment until crown loss (top-kill) occurred; afterward, increments remained small and constant. Bolewood in spiked trees was sound but split and cracked above the canker. Reductions in radial increments for 140 spiked trees decreased with tree age when they were top-killed and increased with severity of crown loss, measured as the proportion of stem length above canker center. Total and sapwood basal areas, crown ratio, and basal area increment were highly correlated among spiked trees. Sixty percent of 2,070 trees on either temporary or monitored plots survived top-kill; percent survival increased with canker height. On 15 remeasured plots, no spiked trees with cankers higher than 13 m had died during the past 5 yr; trees with cankers lower than 13 m died at rates inversely proportional to canker height. Functions describing expected reductions in radial increment and survival can be incorporated into stand-growth and yield models to provide better estimates of disease effects. JF - Phytopathology AU - Geils, B W AU - Jacobi, W R AD - USDA, For. Serv., Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Stn., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 638 EP - 644 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Cronartium comandrae KW - Pinus contorta subsp.latifolia KW - comandra blister rust KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - blister rust KW - growth KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16756773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+comandra+blister+rust+on+growth+and+survival+of+lodgepole+pine&rft.au=Geils%2C+B+W%3BJacobi%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Geils&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - growth; blister rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food availability and pheromone production by males of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16754889; 3529077 AB - Pheromone production was quantified for males of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), with access to protein, sugar, and water (fully fed), sugar and water (sugar only), or water (water only) overnight. Water-only males produced little pheromone the next day, and production was significantly less than pheromone production by sugar-only and fully fed males during peak periods. Food access significantly affected pheromone component blend. Late in the photophase, percentage epianastrephin was highest and percentage suspensolide was lowest in water-only males. Fully fed males exhibited a sharp increase in pheromone production late in photophase, whereas sugar-only males exhibited a fairly broad peak in production that started earlier in photophase. Pheromone production was less dependent on availability of food, however, if males had adequate access to food earlier in photophase. Female response to pheromone in a flight tunnel was directly related to amount of pheromone produced. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Epsky, N D AU - Heath, R R AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 942 EP - 947 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - food availability KW - males KW - Tephritidae KW - Anastrepha suspensa KW - attractancy KW - Diptera KW - pheromone emission KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16754889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Food+availability+and+pheromone+production+by+males+of+Anastrepha+suspensa+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha suspensa; Tephritidae; Diptera; food availability; pheromone emission; attractancy; males ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of concomitant populations of Meloidogyne incognita and Criconemella xenoplax on peach AN - 16752811; 3524457 AB - The interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and Criconemella xenoplax on nematode reproduction and growth of Lovell peach was studied in field microlots and the greenhouse. Meloidogyne incognita suppressed reproduction of C. xenoplax in both field and greenhouse experiments. Tree growth, as measured by trunk diameter, was reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the presence of M. incognita as compared with C. xenoplax of the uninoculated control trees 26 months following inoculation. A similar response regarding dry root weight was also detected in greenhouse-grown seedlings after 5 months. The presence of C. xenoplax did not affect Lovell tree growth. A synergistic effect causing a reduction (P less than or equal to 0.05) in tree growth was recorded 26 and 38 months following inoculation. The presence of M. incognita increased levels of malonyl-l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in leaves of trees grown in field microplots 19 months after inoculation. Meloidogyne incognita appears to be a more dominant parasite than C. xenoplax on Lovell peach. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Nyczepir AU - Riley, M B AU - Sharpe, R R AD - USDA ARS, Southeast. Fruit and Tree Nut Res. Lab., P.O. Box 87, Byron, GA 31008, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 659 EP - 665 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - concomitant populations KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - parasites KW - Criconemella xenoplax KW - infection KW - host plants KW - Prunus persica KW - population dynamics KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16752811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+concomitant+populations+of+Meloidogyne+incognita+and+Criconemella+xenoplax+on+peach&rft.au=Nyczepir%3BRiley%2C+M+B%3BSharpe%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Nyczepir&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meloidogyne incognita; Criconemella xenoplax; Prunus persica; host plants; infection; population dynamics; parasites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rheology and microstructure of low-fat mozzarella cheese AN - 16752555; 3521729 AB - The contributions of fat and moisture content to Mozzarella cheese texture were investigated to provide a basis for developing low-fat cheese with consumer acceptability. The characteristics of low-fat high-moisture (LFHM) experimental Mozzarella cheeses before and after 6 weeks of refrigerated storage were compared with those of high-fat low-moisture controls. High levels of either moisture in nonfat substance or fat in dry matter (FDM) were accompanied by decreases in hardness, complex viscosity, and elastic modulus and increases in meltability during the storage time. Starter culture bacteria were observed at the surface of the fat droplets, the latter having a tendency to coalesce during storage. Development of texture and meltability in LFHM Mozzarella appeared to be directly related to increased proteolysis of alpha sub(s1)-casein observed during storage. These results show the feasibility of making Mozzarella cheese containing < 25% FDM with textural properties similar to those of a full-fat cheese if the product contains enough moisture and is stored under refrigeration for several weeks. JF - International Dairy Journal AU - Tunick, M H AU - Mackey, K L AU - Shieh, J J AU - Smith, P W AU - Cooke, P AU - Malin, EL AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 649 EP - 662 VL - 3 IS - 7 SN - 0958-6946, 0958-6946 KW - mozzarella KW - microstructure KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - starter cultures KW - rheology KW - cheese KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16752555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Dairy+Journal&rft.atitle=Rheology+and+microstructure+of+low-fat+mozzarella+cheese&rft.au=Tunick%2C+M+H%3BMackey%2C+K+L%3BShieh%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+P+W%3BCooke%2C+P%3BMalin%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Tunick&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Dairy+Journal&rft.issn=09586946&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cheese; rheology; starter cultures ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swainson's hawk predation on dragonflies in Argentina AN - 16750145; 3525220 AB - Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) have a diverse diet consisting of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and a wide array of invertebrates. Predation on invertebrates generally involves flocks of Swainson's Hawks preying on aggregations of invertebrates. Here we report on Swainson's Hawk predation on invertebrates in Argentina that was notable because of the taxon involved and the magnitude of the event. On 17 December 1991, we observed an aggregation of dragonflies (Odonata, Anisoptera) approximately 6 km NE of San Clemente del Tuyu, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. When first observed at a distance of 2-4 km, we thought the dragonfly aggregation was smoke from a grassfire. The aggregation was moving north in association with a weather front that passed our position coincident with the passage of the dragonflies. The wind shifted from the north (40 kph) to the south (30 kph), and the ambient temperature dropped approximately 6-8 degree C. We estimated the aggregation to be approximately 1000 m in diameter and in excess of 500 m in height. Ground velocity of the aggregation was estimated at 12-15 kph. The density of individuals within the aggregation was estimated at 10-15/m super(3) in the lower portion of the column, and declined only minimally until near the upper limits. The calculated number of dragonflies based on these estimates is 3.9-5.9 x 10 super(9) individuals. Associated with the dragonflies were 200-300 Swainson's Hawks foraging actively in the upper portions of the aggregation. Many individuals were soaring at great heights above the aggregation. The hawks captured dragonflies by soaring into the aggregation and seizing individuals in their talons. They would then proceed to feed on the dragonflies while soaring and maintaining pace with the rapidly moving aggregation. This foraging behavior is similar to accounts of Swainson's Hawks preying on grasshoppers (Woffinden 1986), dobsonflies, and unidentified insects (Bent 1937). JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Fisher, C D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silvic. Lab., South. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 365 EP - 366 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Buteo swainsonii KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Argentina KW - predation KW - Odonata KW - feeding behavior KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16750145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Swainson%27s+hawk+predation+on+dragonflies+in+Argentina&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+D+C%3BFisher%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odonata; Argentina; predation; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiotic activities of sugar esters isolated from selected Nicotiana species AN - 16749605; 3723287 AB - (DBO) JF - Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry AU - Chortyk, O T AU - Severson, R F AU - Cutler, H C AU - Sisson, V A AD - USDA, ARS, Crops Res. Lab., Oxford, NC, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1355 EP - 1356 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0916-8451, 0916-8451 KW - glucose esters KW - sucrose esters KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Nicotiana glutinosa KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - antimicrobial agents KW - W3 33370:Antibiotics KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16749605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Antibiotic+activities+of+sugar+esters+isolated+from+selected+Nicotiana+species&rft.au=Chortyk%2C+O+T%3BSeverson%2C+R+F%3BCutler%2C+H+C%3BSisson%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Chortyk&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=09168451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimicrobial agents; Nicotiana glutinosa; Nicotiana tabacum ER - TY - CONF T1 - Contribution of temperate forests to the world's carbon budget AN - 16748701; 3523447 AB - Temperate forests currently cover about 600 MHa, about half of their potential. Almost all these forests have been directly impacted by humans. The total living biomass in trees (including roots) was estimated to contain 33.7 Gt C. The total C pool for the entire forest biome was estimated as 98.8 Gt. The current net sink flux of biomass was calculated at 205 Mt yr super(-1), with a similar amount removed in harvests for manufacture into various products. The major cause of this C sink is forest regrowth. Forest regrowth is possible because fossil fuels are the major source of energy in temperate countries, instead of fuelwood. Future C in these forests will be greatly influenced by human activity. Options to sequester more C include conservation of forest resources, activities that increase forest productivity such as adopting rotation ages to optimize C production, afforestation, improvement of wood utilization, and waste management. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Heath, L S AU - Kauppi, P E AU - Burschel, P AU - Gregor, H-D AU - Guderian, R AU - Kohlmaier, G H AU - Lorenz, S AU - Overdieck, D AU - Scholz, F AU - Thomasiu, H AU - Weber, M Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 55 EP - 69 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - temperate environments KW - carbon cycle KW - storage KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16748701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+temperate+forests+to+the+world%27s+carbon+budget&rft.au=Heath%2C+L+S%3BKauppi%2C+P+E%3BBurschel%2C+P%3BGregor%2C+H-D%3BGuderian%2C+R%3BKohlmaier%2C+G+H%3BLorenz%2C+S%3BOverdieck%2C+D%3BScholz%2C+F%3BThomasiu%2C+H%3BWeber%2C+M&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion and sedimentation processes on irrigated fields AN - 16748676; 3511081 AB - Soil erosion is sometimes excessive during furrow irrigation and under center pivot sprinkler systems. An understanding of erosion processes is required to predict and develop management practices to reduce irrigation induced erosion. Little erosion process research has been carried out under irrigation, but much of the extensive channel sediment transport and rainfall-induced erosion process research can be adapted to irrigated conditions. Soil erosion occurs when fluid in motion detaches and transports soil particles. Sedimentation occurs when the fluid transport capacity decreases to less than the sediment load, Hydraulic forces of moving water and soil factors such as aggregate stability and particle size determine erosion and sedimentation. Under furrow irrigation, the shear of the overland flow against the soil provides the detachment force and is a primary factor determining channel transport capacity. With sprinkler irrigation, water drop energy detaches particles, some of which may be transported downslope by shallow interrill flow if the water application rate exceeds the soil infiltration rate. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Trout, T J AU - Neibling, W H AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 947 EP - 974 VL - 119 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - erosion KW - agriculture KW - sedimentation KW - soil conservation KW - soil erosion KW - irrigation design KW - irrigation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16748676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Erosion+and+sedimentation+processes+on+irrigated+fields&rft.au=Trout%2C+T+J%3BNeibling%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sedimentation; erosion; irrigation; soil erosion; irrigation design; sprinkler irrigation; soil conservation; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Further studies on the efficacy of an inactivated African horse sickness serotype 4 vaccine AN - 16746617; 3522765 AB - The immunity induced by two inoculations of a commercial inactivated African horse sickness (AHS) serotype 4 (AHSV-4) vaccine was studied. No adverse reaction was observed in five horses following vaccination. Following challenge-inoculation, no clinical signs attributable to AHS, no viraemia indicating infection, and no anamnestic response was observed in the vaccinated ponies. The utility of an efficacious inactivated AHS vaccine in the control and eradication of AHS from a non-endemic area is discussed. The lack of viraemia following vaccination with an inactivated vaccine and the prevention of vector infection by animals exposed to field virus are important in the eradication of AHS. JF - Vaccine AU - House, JA AU - Lombard, M AU - Dubourget, P AU - House, C AU - Mebus, CA AD - USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., Foreign Anim. Dis. Diagn. Lab., Plum Island, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 142 EP - 144 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - horses KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - African horse sickness virus KW - efficacy KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16746617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Further+studies+on+the+efficacy+of+an+inactivated+African+horse+sickness+serotype+4+vaccine&rft.au=House%2C+JA%3BLombard%2C+M%3BDubourget%2C+P%3BHouse%2C+C%3BMebus%2C+CA&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; efficacy; African horse sickness virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake hydrogenase (Hup) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) symbioses AN - 16746596; 3516719 AB - Strains of Rhizobium forming nitrogen-fixing symbioses with common bean were systematically examined for the presence of the uptake hydrogenase (hup) structural genes and expression of uptake hydrogenase (Hup) activity. DNA with homology to the hup structural genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was present in 100 of 248 strains examined. EcoRI fragments with molecular sizes of approximately 20.0 and 2.2 kb hybridized with an internal SacI fragment, which contains part of both bradyrhizobial hup structural genes. The DNA with homology to the hup genes was located on pSym of one of the bean rhizobia. Hup activity was observed in bean symbioses with 13 of 30 strains containing DNA homologous with the hup structural genes. However, the Hup activity was not sufficient to eliminate hydrogen evolution from the nodules. Varying the host plant with two of the Hup super(+) strains indicated that expression of Hup activity was host regulated, as has been reported with soybean, pea, and cowpea strains. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Navarro, R B AU - Vargas, AAT AU - Schroeder, E C AU - van Berkum, P AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, HH-19, Build. 011, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4161 EP - 4165 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - hup gene KW - hydrogenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gene transfer KW - symbiosis KW - Rhizobium KW - genes KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - nitrogen fixation KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16746596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Uptake+hydrogenase+%28Hup%29+in+common+bean+%28Phaseolus+vulgaris%29+symbioses&rft.au=Navarro%2C+R+B%3BVargas%2C+AAT%3BSchroeder%2C+E+C%3Bvan+Berkum%2C+P&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene transfer; symbiosis; genes; nitrogen fixation; Rhizobium; Phaseolus vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In search of Brassica germplasm in saline semi-arid and arid regions of India and Pakistan for reclamation of selenium-laden soils in the U.S. AN - 16746284; 3523298 AB - High concentrations of selenium (Se) found in some saline soils may be detrimental to sustainable agriculture in parts of the western U.S. Remediation strategy with Brassica species may be practical to reduce soil concentrations of Se to non-toxic levels. Collecting germplasm native to or growing in semi-arid and arid saline regions like Pakistan and India, may provide California and Western U.S. growers with additional plant materials to evaluate Se removal by plant uptake in saline/Se contaminated soils. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Dyer, D AU - Ahmad, R AU - Ismail, S AU - Raut, R N AU - Dagar, J C AD - Water Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 530 EP - 534 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pakistan KW - selenium KW - agriculture KW - salinity KW - Brassica KW - bioaccumulation KW - India KW - soil remediation KW - USA, California KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16746284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=In+search+of+Brassica+germplasm+in+saline+semi-arid+and+arid+regions+of+India+and+Pakistan+for+reclamation+of+selenium-laden+soils+in+the+U.S.&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BDyer%2C+D%3BAhmad%2C+R%3BIsmail%2C+S%3BRaut%2C+R+N%3BDagar%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brassica; India; Pakistan; USA, California; soil remediation; selenium; salinity; agriculture; bioaccumulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding of flavonoids by polyvinylpolypyrrolidone AN - 16745563; 3521103 AB - A binding assay was developed with which to monitor the binding capacity of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) for individual flavonoids. The assay was conducted by shaking dilute solutions of flavonoid in suspensions of PVPP in methanol/10 mM citrate buffer (1:3) at pH 6.0. The molar ratio of PVPP/flavonoid was 100:1, based on the molecular weight of the monomer unit of PVPP. Binding was rapid, and it was observed that those compounds which possess the greater number of hydroxy groups generally bind most efficiently. When comparing flavonoids from different classes but with identical hydroxylation patterns, it was noted that flavones bind better than isoflavones, which in turn bind better than flavonones and dihydroflavonols. In light of the favorable stoichiometry and rates of binding, the incorporation of small quantities of PVPP into plant and microbial culture systems will be useful for serving to trap signal flavonoids which plants exude through their roots to communicate with microbes. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Doner, L W AU - Becard, G AU - Irwin, P L AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 753 EP - 757 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - polyvinylpolypyrrolidone KW - flavonoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - plants KW - binding KW - interaction KW - microorganisms KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Binding+of+flavonoids+by+polyvinylpolypyrrolidone&rft.au=Doner%2C+L+W%3BBecard%2C+G%3BIrwin%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Doner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants; microorganisms; interaction; binding ER - TY - CONF T1 - Agricultural sources and sinks of carbon AN - 16745457; 3523429 AB - Most existing agricultural lands have been in production for sufficiently long periods that C inputs and outputs are nearly balanced and they are neither a major source nor sink of atmospheric C. As population increases, food requirements and the need for more crop land increase accordingly. An annual conversion of previously uncultivated lands up to 1.5 x 10 super(7) hectares may be expected. It is this new agricultural land which suffers the greatest losses of C during and subsequent to its conversion. The primary focus for analysis of future C fluxes in agroecosystems needs to be on current changes in land use and management as well as on direct effects of CO sub(2) and climate change. A valid assessment of C pools and fluxes in agroecosystems requires a global soils data base and comprehensive information on land use and management practices. A comprehensive effort to assemble and analyze this information is urgently needed. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Cole, C AU - Flach, K AU - Lee, J AU - Sauerbeck, D AU - Stewart, B Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 111 EP - 122 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - carbon KW - carbon dioxide KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - climatic changes KW - carbon cycle KW - land use KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Agricultural+sources+and+sinks+of+carbon&rft.au=Cole%2C+C%3BFlach%2C+K%3BLee%2C+J%3BSauerbeck%2C+D%3BStewart%2C+B&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rust resistance in asparagus F sub(1) hybrid populations AN - 16745318; 3521213 AB - Rust severity was evaluated 3 yr in the field using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) to classify rust resistance in 10 asparagus F sub(1) hybrid populations derived from crosses among parents resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible to Puccinia asparagi. The effect of genotype on rust severity was highly significant, and progeny were continuously distributed from low to high AUDPC in all 10 populations, indicating quantitative inheritance. The estimate of heritability using regression of offspring on the male parent was 55%. Highly resistant parents from the cultivars Jersey Giant and Jersey Titan had significantly greater specific combining abilities than parents from moderately resistant or susceptible cultivars. Progeny means were significantly skewed toward low AUDPC values, suggesting dominant resistance. Transgressive segregation for resistance was not observed in populations from highly resistant parents, but it was observed in some populations from moderately resistant parents. JF - Plant Disease AU - Johnson, DA AU - Peaden, R N AD - Washington State Univ., USDA-ARS, Irrigated Agric. Res. Extension Cent., Prosser, WA 99350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1144 EP - 1148 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - hybrids KW - Puccinia asparagi KW - resistance KW - rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Rust+resistance+in+asparagus+F+sub%281%29+hybrid+populations&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DA%3BPeaden%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia asparagi; rust; resistance; hybrids; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with global occurrences of Septoria nodorum blotch and Septoria tritici blotch of wheat AN - 16745286; 3521202 AB - Changes in incidence and severity of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) and Septoria tritici blotch (STB) have been noted in recent years in several wheat-growing areas of the world. A questionnaire was designed to identify factors associated with occurrence and development of these diseases. The questionnaire was sent to Septoria workers worldwide, and 71 responses were received and analyzed. The most important factors found relating to disease occurrence were: 1) latitude, 2) non-growing season precipitation, 3) growing season precipitation, 4) application of phosphorus, and 5) frequency of minimum or reduced tillage. Latitude effects were in agreement with general observations of SNB and STB occurrence. Also, growing season precipitation was important with regard to occurrence and severity of these diseases. Influential factors that were not expected were non-growing season precipitation and application of phosphorus fertilizer. Additionally, reduced or minimum tillage was shown to be negatively associated with disease levels, an effect opposite to that reported for other pathosystems under long-term controlled conditions. The study demonstrated the need for further investigation by a multidisciplinary team of scientists under long-term controlled conditions in order to understand the unexpected results of our survey. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leath, S AU - Scharen, AL AU - Dietz-Holmes, ME AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1266 EP - 1270 VL - 77 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Septoria nodorum KW - Triticum aestivum KW - factors KW - Septoria tritici KW - blotch KW - world KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+global+occurrences+of+Septoria+nodorum+blotch+and+Septoria+tritici+blotch+of+wheat&rft.au=Leath%2C+S%3BScharen%2C+AL%3BDietz-Holmes%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Leath&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Septoria nodorum; Septoria tritici; blotch; factors; world ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling erosion and sediment loss from furrow-irrigated cropland AN - 16744419; 3511088 AB - Irrigation-induced erosion and subsequent sediment loss is a serious agricultural and environmental problem. Recent recognition of this problem has stimulated the development and evaluation of erosion and sediment-loss-control technology. Research results indicate that the application of the technology available today can reduce sediment loss by 70-100%. Important practices include irrigation-water management, sediment-retention basins, buried-pipe tailwater-control systems, vegetative filter strips, tailwater-recovery systems, keeping crop residues on the soil surface and in furrows, and implementing conservation tillage practices. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Carter, D L AU - Brockway, CE AU - Tanji, K K AD - USDA Agric. Res. Service, Soil and Water Manage. Unit, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 975 EP - 988 VL - 119 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - erosion control KW - sediment erosion KW - agriculture KW - irrigation effects KW - irrigation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Controlling+erosion+and+sediment+loss+from+furrow-irrigated+cropland&rft.au=Carter%2C+D+L%3BBrockway%2C+CE%3BTanji%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; irrigation; agriculture; sediment erosion; erosion control; irrigation effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of alachlor by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans AN - 16744108; 3521000 AB - The fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 transformed 98.6% of [ super(14)C]alachlor [2-chloro-N-methoxymethyl N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide] added to Sabouraud's dextrose broth to four metabolites within 96 h. Metabolism occurred predominantly by benzylic hydroxylation of one of the arylethyl side chains. Metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by super(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV, and mass spectral techniques. Two major metabolites were isomers of 2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl) N-[2-ethyl-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl] acetamide and another was 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide; the minor metabolite was 2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl) N-(2-vinyl-6-ethylphenyl) acetamide. The fungal transformations appear to be similar to those of mammalian microsomal oxidation since C. elegans oxidized alachlor at the benzylic positions and N-dealkylation occurred. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Freeman, J P AU - Evans, F E AU - Moorman, T B AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 483 EP - 488 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alachlor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - metabolism KW - herbicides KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+alachlor+by+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism; herbicides; Cunninghamella elegans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between evaporative fraction and remotely sensed vegetation index and microwave brightness temperature for semiarid rangelands AN - 16744041; 3515137 AB - Measurements of the microwave brightness temperature (TB) with the Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) over the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed were made on selected days during the MONSOON 90 field campaign. The PBMR is an L-band instrument (21-cm wavelength) that can provide estimates of near-surface soil moisture over a variety of surfaces. Aircraft observations in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths collected on selected days also were used to compute a vegetation index. Continuous micrometeorological measurements and daily soil moisture samples were obtained at eight locations during the experimental period. Two sites were instrumented with time domain reflectometry probes to monitor the soil moisture profile. The fraction of available energy used for evapotranspiration was computed by taking the ratio of latent heat flux (LE) to the sum of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G). This ratio is commonly called the evaporative fraction (EF) and normally varies between 0 and 1 under daytime convective conditions with minimal advection. A wide range of environmental conditions existed during the field campaign, resulting in average EF values for the study area varying from 0.4 to 0.8 and values of TB ranging from 220 to 280 K. Comparison between measured TB and EF for the eight locations showed an inverse relationship with a significant correlation (r super(2) = 0.69). Other days were included in the analysis by estimating TB with the soil moisture data. Because transpiration from the vegetation is more strongly coupled to root zone soil moisture, significant scatter in this relationship existed at high values of TB or dry near-surface soil moisture conditions. It caused a substantial reduction in the correlation with r super(2) = 0.40 or only 40% of the variation in EF being explained by TB. The variation in EF under dry near-surface soil moisture conditions was correlated to the amount of vegetation cover estimated with a remotely sensed vegetation index. These findings indicate that information obtained from optical and microwave data can be used for quantifying the energy balance of semiarid areas. The microwave data can indicate when soil evaporation is significantly contributing to EF, while the optical data is helpful for quantifying the spatial variation in EF due to the distribution of vegetation cover. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Kustas, W P AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Humes, K S AU - Jackson, T J AU - Parry, R AU - Weltz, MA AU - Moran AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent. West, Build. 007, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1781 EP - 1790 VL - 32 IS - 12 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer KW - Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - mechanical equipment KW - research facilities KW - arid lands KW - vegetation KW - radiometry KW - evapotranspiration KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+evaporative+fraction+and+remotely+sensed+vegetation+index+and+microwave+brightness+temperature+for+semiarid+rangelands&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BHumes%2C+K+S%3BJackson%2C+T+J%3BParry%2C+R%3BWeltz%2C+MA%3BMoran&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radiometry; research facilities; mechanical equipment; remote sensing; soil water; evapotranspiration; arid lands; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 sorbitol-positive mutant AN - 16744036; 3520968 AB - Virulence and pathogenicity of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 sorbitol-positive mutant were investigated with an infant rabbit animal model as well as a battery of in vitro assays. Total cell lysate protein profiles, outer membrane protein profiles, plasmid profiles, and levels of cytotoxic activity against Vero cells were similar in the wild-type and mutant strains. Both adhered to intestinal epithelial cells in culture and reacted with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antiserum against E. coli O157:H7. The mutant appeared to be similar to the wild type in all respects except in its ability to ferment sorbitol. [ super(14)C]sorbitol uptake and sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were notably increased in the mutant strain. Diarrhea developed in rabbits administered the wild-type strain and in those fed the sorbitol-positive mutant. There was greater bacterial attachment and mucosal damage in the cecum and large intestine than in the small intestine. Scanning electron microscopy revealed bacteria adhering as single cells and as aggregates closely associated with mucus. Mucosal lesions consisted of areas of tissue necrosis with sloughing of epithelial cells. By transmission electron microscopy, electron-dense necrotic epithelial cells were visible in areas where bacteria were present, and epithelial cell debris containing bacteria was observed between the villar luminal surfaces. Light microscopy of epithelial cells of intestinal sections of infected rabbits revealed noticeable vacuolation and spherical, pyknotic nuclei. These data indicate that the sorbitol-negative phenotype is not associated with the pathogenicity of E. coli O157:H7. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Cooke, PH AD - Microb. Food Safety Res. Unit, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4245 EP - 4252 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Escherichia coli KW - animal models KW - virulence KW - electron microscopy KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+an+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+sorbitol-positive+mutant&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L%3BCooke%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; virulence; animal models; electron microscopy; gastrointestinal tract diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycopesticides: Status, challenges and potential AN - 16742878; 3521942 AB - Fungi figure prominently among potential biocontrol agents of major agricultural pests, including weeds and insects. Fungi are among the most important pathogens of plants, and insect pathogenic fungi have long been of interest because of their unique mode of infection and their ability to create epizootics. Despite the fact that mycopesticides have a long experimental history, they have enjoyed only limited commercial success to date. Naturally occurring fungi are considered to be relatively slow acting and unreliable as biocontrol agents. Current research into mass production and formulation problems may provide additional mycopesticides during the current decade. The long-range potential of these biocontrol agents will depend upon the success of new screening programmes, as well as basic research into the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AU - Alexander, N J AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Utlization Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - screening KW - fungi KW - agricultural practices KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - research programs KW - pesticides KW - host-pathogen interactions KW - screening projects KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Insecta KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Mycopesticides%3A+Status%2C+challenges+and+potential&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C%3BAlexander%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - screening; biological control; agricultural practices; fungi; weed control; research programs; pesticides; screening projects; host-pathogen interactions; entomopathogenic fungi; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Furrow irrigation erosion lowers soil productivity AN - 16742673; 3511094 AB - Recent research efforts have shown that soil erosion decreases soil productivity. Erosion-caused crop production decreases of 15-40% are commonly reported with some values over 50%. Furrow erosion on irrigated land in Idaho decreases topsoil depth on the upslope approximately 33% of the field area and may increase topsoil depth on the downslope 50-55%. Crop yields are generally decreased where topsoil depths are decreased, but yields are not generally increased where topsoil depths are increased beyond a critical depth. Crops vary in their sensitivity to decreases in topsoil depth, but all crops studied exhibited lower yields on the eroded areas. Soil productivity potential of one area representing several million ha of furrow irrigated land was reduced at least 25% by furrow erosion over 80 irrigation seasons. Technology is not available to restore soil productivity potential to the level that would exist had there been no erosion except for returning topsoil to eroded areas. Research and technology applications are needed to reduce or eliminate topsoil loss and redistribution by irrigation erosion. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Carter, D L AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 964 EP - 974 VL - 119 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - crop yields KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Idaho KW - agriculture KW - soil conservation KW - soil erosion KW - irrigation design KW - irrigation KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Furrow+irrigation+erosion+lowers+soil+productivity&rft.au=Carter%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation; irrigation design; soil erosion; agriculture; soil conservation; USA, Idaho ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence, distribution, and pathogenicity of the cowpea root and stem rot pathogen, Phytophthora vignae, in soils of Sri Lanka AN - 16742164; 3521196 AB - A Phytophthora sp. isolated from stem and root lesions of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata 'California Blackeye') grown in a mixture of riverbank and forest soils in containers under greenhouse conditions was identified as P. vignae based on morphological characters and pathogenicity tests. P. vignae was isolated from soils in three of five cowpea-growing districts of Sri Lanka by baiting with plants of the susceptible cowpea cultivar California Blackeye or by floating disks of tea leaves over soil. However, the root and stem disease was apparent at only one site, suggesting that some field soils might be suppressive. Among the 25 field soils tested, the disease potential index varied from 0 in many fields to 16 in one field. Among the cowpea cultivars grown in Sri Lanka, MI-35, ETA, Muttessa, and Sudumung were most resistant. The U.S. cultivars Mississippi Purple, Purple Hulk, and Hercules were resistant to most isolates but susceptible to three-P006, P007, and P009. The morphological characters and pathogenicity of these three isolates on the U.S. cultivars differed from those of the other isolates, suggesting they were of a different race(s). No other legume tested-Vigna radiata (green gram), V. mungo (black gram), Phaseolus vulgaris (cvs. Top Crop, French Bean, and Kentucky Wonder), Glycine max (soybean), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Mucuna pruriens (velvetbean), and Lanka kadala-was susceptible to the cowpea pathogen. JF - Plant Disease AU - Dilantha Fernando, WG AU - Linderman, R G AD - Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Oregon State Univ., USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97330 USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1158 EP - 1164 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Phytophthora vignae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - roots KW - pathogenicity KW - Sri Lanka KW - Vigna unguiculata KW - resistance KW - stems KW - soil KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence%2C+distribution%2C+and+pathogenicity+of+the+cowpea+root+and+stem+rot+pathogen%2C+Phytophthora+vignae%2C+in+soils+of+Sri+Lanka&rft.au=Dilantha+Fernando%2C+WG%3BLinderman%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Dilantha+Fernando&rft.aufirst=WG&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vigna unguiculata; Sri Lanka; stems; roots; soil; pathogenicity; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stagewise mortality, ovipositional biology, and egg viability of Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) on Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) AN - 16741842; 3516083 AB - The stagewise mortality, ovipositional biology, and egg viability of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), on nilgai antelope, Boselaphus tragocamelus Pallas, was compared with ticks reared on Bos taurus (Hereford) cattle. Mortality was highest during the larval stage on both host species, but larval mortality on nilgai (78.6%) was significantly higher than on cattle (45.6%) hosts. Mortality during the nymphal stage was also significantly higher on nilgai (49.3%) than on cattle (13.9%). During adult female development although the mortality rate on nilgai was 40.9% compared with no mortality of females on cattle, this difference was not significant. Significantly fewer ticks reached repletion on nilgai (4.0 females per animal) than on cattle (48.5 females per animal). The mean female weight and egg mass weight of ticks obtained from cattle were significantly higher than ticks produced from nilgai. On the other hand, no differences in mean conversion efficiency index (CEI), preoviposition period, incubation period, or egg hatch were observed among ticks obtained from the two host animals. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Davey, R B AD - Cattle Fever Tick Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, SPA, P. O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 997 EP - 1002 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Bosephalus tragocamelus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Boophilus annulatus KW - parasites KW - Ixodidae KW - eggs KW - mortality KW - oviposition KW - survival KW - Acari KW - Z 05202:Parasitism: non-entomophagous KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Stagewise+mortality%2C+ovipositional+biology%2C+and+egg+viability+of+Boophilus+annulatus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+on+Boselaphus+tragocamelus+%28Artiodactyla%3A+Bovidae%29&rft.au=Davey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boophilus annulatus; Ixodidae; Acari; eggs; survival; mortality; oviposition; parasites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silviculture and new forestry in the Pacific Northwest AN - 16741815; 3722247 JF - Journal of Forestry AU - DeBell, D S AU - Curtis, RO AD - Silvic. Team, Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Olympia, WA 98512-9193, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 30 VL - 91 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - silviculture KW - USA, Washington KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - USA, Oregon KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Silviculture+and+new+forestry+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=DeBell%2C+D+S%3BCurtis%2C+RO&rft.aulast=DeBell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Oregon; USA, Washington; silviculture; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of habitat, season, and attractant on adult behavior of the screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a tropical dry zone in Costa Rica AN - 16741517; 3516050 AB - Influence of attractant, season, habitat, temperature, and physiological state of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), on daily activity and oviposition were examined during a 122 d study in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Flies were marked and released. Numbers of flies visiting baits increased during the wet season and decreased during the dry season; 3 times more flies were observed at baits during the wet season than were observed during the dry season. An average of 33 females and 3 males was observed per day during the study. More flies (3.6 times) were attracted to liver than to sentinel sheep; many flies originally marked at liver failed to return and few of them oviposited on sentinel sheep. Females marked at sheep were recaptured more times and remained in the study area longer. More females marked at sheep sites were recaptured (51.4-54.1%) than those marked at liver sites (32.3-44.7). More than 6 times as many flies were observed at forest than at pasture sites. The physiological state of the female influenced daily activity. High temperatures during midday (>31 degree C) depressed activity and decreased the number of foraging hours available for flies during the dry season. Decreasing host resources and number of hours available for foraging may be factors that limit screwworm populations in the dry season. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Parker, F D AU - Welch, J B AU - Matlock, RB Jr AD - Screwworm Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, San Jose, Costa Rica Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1359 EP - 1375 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - Costa Rica KW - arid environments KW - attractants KW - activity patterns KW - habitat KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - adults KW - seasonal variations KW - Diptera KW - Calliphoridae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+habitat%2C+season%2C+and+attractant+on+adult+behavior+of+the+screwworm+%28Diptera%3A+Calliphoridae%29+in+a+tropical+dry+zone+in+Costa+Rica&rft.au=Parker%2C+F+D%3BWelch%2C+J+B%3BMatlock%2C+RB+Jr&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliomyia hominivorax; Calliphoridae; Diptera; Costa Rica; habitat; seasonal variations; attractants; activity patterns; adults; tropical environment; arid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of aerobactin biosynthesis genes of the biological control agent Enterobacter cloacae AN - 16741360; 3516735 AB - Five strains of Enterobacter cloacae that are biological control agents of Pythium damping-off diseases produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. Genes determining aerobactin biosynthesis of the biocontrol strain E. cloacae EcCT-501 were localized to a 12.3-kb region, which conferred aerobactin production to Escherichia coli DH5 alpha . The aerobactin biosynthesis genes of E. cloacae hybridized to those of the pColV-K30 plasmid of E. coli, but restriction patterns of the aerobactin regions of pCoIV-K30 and E. cloacae differed. A derivative strain with a deletion in the aerobactin biosynthesis locus was as effective as strain EcCT-501 in biological control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber. Thus, aerobactin production did not contribute significantly to the biological control activity of EcCT-501 under the conditions of this study. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Loper, JE AU - Ishimaru, CA AU - Carnegie AU - Vanavichit, A AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4189 EP - 4197 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - aerobactin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - biological control KW - cloning KW - genes KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+aerobactin+biosynthesis+genes+of+the+biological+control+agent+Enterobacter+cloacae&rft.au=Loper%2C+JE%3BIshimaru%2C+CA%3BCarnegie%3BVanavichit%2C+A&rft.aulast=Loper&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; cloning; genes; Enterobacter cloacae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solutions for non-equilibrium solute transport in three-dimensional porous media AN - 16740850; 3521262 AB - The movement of water and chemicals in soils is generally better described with multidimensional non-equilibrium models than with more commonly used one-dimensional and/or equilibrium models. This paper presents analytical solutions for non-equilibrium solute transport in semi-infinite porous media during steady unidirectional flow. The solutions can be used to model transport in porous media where the liquid phase consists of a mobile and an immobile region (physical non-equilibrium) or where solute sorption is governed by either an equilibrium or a first-order rate process (chemical non-equilibrium). The transport equation incorporates terms accounting for advection, dispersion, zero-order production, and first-order decay. General solutions were derived for the boundary, initial, and production value problems with the help of Laplace and Fourier transforms. A comprehensive set of specific solutions is presented using Dirac functions for the input and initial distribution, and/or Heaviside or exponential functions for the input, initial, and production profiles. A rectangular or circular inflow area was specified for the boundary value problem while for the initial and production value problems the respective initial and production profiles were located in parallelepipedal, cylindrical, or spherical regions of the soil. Solutions are given for both the volume-averaged or resident concentration as well as the flux-averaged or flowing concentration. Examples of concentration profiles versus time and position are presented for selected problems. Results show that the effects of non-equilibrium on three-dimensional transport are very similar to those for one-dimensional transport. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Leij, F J AU - Toride, N AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 193 EP - 228 VL - 151 IS - 2-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - solute transport KW - soil water KW - sorption KW - model studies KW - porous media KW - advection KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Analytical+solutions+for+non-equilibrium+solute+transport+in+three-dimensional+porous+media&rft.au=Leij%2C+F+J%3BToride%2C+N%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Leij&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=2-4&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; solute transport; porous media; model studies; sorption; advection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oviposition preference of darkwinged fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) among Trifolium species AN - 16740794; 3516049 AB - We examined the oviposition preference of darkwinged fungus gnats, Bradysia spp., on 14 Trifolium cultivars representing seven species and seedling mortality following fungus gnat larval feeding. Variation in fungus gnat oviposition preference was detected for interspecific Trifolium cultivars but not for intraspecific cultivars. In a replicated free-choice greenhouse test, subterranean clover, T. subterraneum L., was preferred significantly over other tested species, followed by crimson clover, T. incarnatum L.; arrowleaf clover, T. vesiculosum Savi; red clover, T. pratense L.; kura clover, T. ambiguum Bieb.; white clover, T. repens L.; and ball clover, T. nigrescens Viv. All Trifolium species were susceptible to feeding by fungus gnat larvae; we have also observed the death of 20 white clover seedlings by as few as six fungus gnat larvae. Fungus gnats may pose a serious threat to cool-season pasture legumes. Field surveys and population studies are needed to determine the importance of fungus gnat feeding in reducing the pasture persistence of cool- and warm-season forage legumes. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Springer, T L AU - Carlton, CE AD - South Cent. Family Farm Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Rt 2, Box 144-A, Booneville, AR 72927, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1420 EP - 1423 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Sciaridae KW - host preferences KW - host plants KW - Bradysia KW - Trifolium KW - oviposition KW - Diptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Oviposition+preference+of+darkwinged+fungus+gnats+%28Diptera%3A+Sciaridae%29+among+Trifolium+species&rft.au=Springer%2C+T+L%3BCarlton%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Springer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium; Bradysia; Sciaridae; Diptera; oviposition; host preferences; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of sugarcane relatives injected with Ustilago scitaminea AN - 16740687; 3521206 AB - We evaluated the resistance of 102 clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) relatives to Ustilago scitaminea causal agent of sugarcane smut, in two greenhouse experiments. Relatives included Erianthus spp. section Ripidium, S. barberi/S. sinense, S. officinarum, S. robustum, S. spontaneum, and Saccharum interspecific hybrids (cultivars). Clones of Erianthus spp. section Ripidium were the most resistant and clones of S. officinarum and S. robustum were the most susceptible of the six taxonomic groups included in the first experiment. Clones in the second experiment, predominantly S. spontaneum from recent germ plasm collection expeditions, were assigned to one of three groups depending on their geographic origin. Clones from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines had means of 1, 37, and 51% infection, respectively. Exotic, smut-resistant clones will be crossed with elite clones to enhance smut resistance in Louisiana sugarcane germ plasm. JF - Plant Disease AU - Burner, D M AU - Grisham, M P AU - Legendre, B L AD - USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Res. Unit, Houma, LA 70361-0470, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1221 EP - 1223 VL - 77 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ustilago scitaminea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Saccharum KW - germplasm KW - geographical distribution KW - resistance KW - smut KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+sugarcane+relatives+injected+with+Ustilago+scitaminea&rft.au=Burner%2C+D+M%3BGrisham%2C+M+P%3BLegendre%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Burner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharum; resistance; geographical distribution; smut; germplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of strains in the aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism strain cluster by serological assay with monoclonal antibodies AN - 16740425; 3521090 AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the tomato big bud (BB) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), a member of the aster yellows (AY) MLO strain cluster, were employed in dot immunobinding assays. The MAbs reacted only with strains in the AY MLO cluster, and not with any of several other MLOs not affiliated with the AY MLO strain cluster. However, reactions with MLOs in the AY cluster varied by strain. All MAbs reacted with BB and several MLO strains previously termed "aster yellows," including NAY (eastern AY), OKAY1 (Oklahoma strain), NJAY (New Jersey strain), and AY27 (Alberta strain); but none of the MAbs reacted with certain other strains of AY MLO, including strains termed SAY3 (western AY), OKAY3 (Oklahoma strain), NYAY (New York strain), and MNAY (Minnesota strain). Thus, the BB MLO-MAbs distinguished a group of interrelated MLO strains within the AY MLO strain cluster. This serogroup corresponds to the type I subcluster in the AY MLO strain cluster, previously identified on the basis of nucleic acid dot hybridizations and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lee, I-M AU - Davis, R E AU - Hsu, H-T AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 815 EP - 817 VL - 77 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Catharanthus roseus KW - yellows KW - differentiation KW - strains KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - serological tests KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+strains+in+the+aster+yellows+mycoplasmalike+organism+strain+cluster+by+serological+assay+with+monoclonal+antibodies&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BHsu%2C+H-T&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - yellows; differentiation; strains; serological tests; mycoplasma-like organisms; monoclonal antibodies; Catharanthus roseus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Botcinolide: A biologically active natural product from Botrytis cinerea AN - 16740040; 3723634 AB - A novel biologically active natural product was isolated from a strain of Botrytis cinerea found on cultivated raspberry fruit (Rubus ideaus) upon fermentation in a liquid medium. Following a bioassay-directed purification process, the final product was an amorphous solid with the molecular formula C sub(20)H sub(34)O sub(8), and is trivially named botcinolide. It significantly inhibited etiolated wheat coleoptile growth at 10 super(-3) and 10 super(-4)M by 100 and 82% respectively, relative to the controls. Greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants were affected by treating with botcinolide, and exhibited chlorosis and severe necrosis at 10 super(-2) and 10 super(-3) M. The structure is a new hydroxylated nonalactone that is esterified with 4-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid. (DBO) JF - Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry AU - Cutler, H AU - Jacyno, J M AU - Harwood, J S AU - Dulik, D AU - Goodrich, P D AU - Roberts, R G AD - USDA, ARS, Richard B. Russell Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1980 EP - 1982 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0916-8451, 0916-8451 KW - Botyris cinerea KW - botcinolide KW - Rubus ideaus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Zea mays KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - A 01030:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Botcinolide%3A+A+biologically+active+natural+product+from+Botrytis+cinerea&rft.au=Cutler%2C+H%3BJacyno%2C+J+M%3BHarwood%2C+J+S%3BDulik%2C+D%3BGoodrich%2C+P+D%3BRoberts%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=09168451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Nicotiana tabacum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipoxygenase-derived aldehydes inhibit fungi pathogenic on soybean AN - 16739824; 3521052 AB - Several unsaturated aldehydes are produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids via the lipoxygenase pathway when soybean (Glycine max) plants are wounded mechanically or by pathogens. The effects of four of these aldehydes were examined on the growth of isolated fungal cultures of Colletotrichum truncatum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii. (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-nonenal, and (Z)-3-nonenal inhibited the growth of R. solani and S. rolfsii at 35 mu mol added per liter or greater when applied as volatiles, although higher levels were required for inhibition of C. truncatum. (E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal was the most inhibitory compound when applied directly in the growth medium, but it had the least effect as a volatile. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Gardner, H W AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., Bioactive Const. Res. Phytoprod. Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2337 EP - 2345 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - aldehydes KW - lipoxygenase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - fungicides KW - Glycine max KW - fungicidal activity KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Lipoxygenase-derived+aldehydes+inhibit+fungi+pathogenic+on+soybean&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BGardner%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; disease resistance; fungicidal activity; fungicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of polygyne and monogyne fire ant populations (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis invicta) in the United States AN - 16739299; 3516055 AB - Over the past decade, polygyne red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) have been found at more and more sites across the southeastern United States. The objective of my study was to determine if polygyne (multiple-queen) populations are expanding and at what rate this might be occurring. More than 200 sites were inspected for polygyny in Florida and several other southeastern states. These sites were reinspected 1-3 yr later. Results showed that polygyne populations were not expanding rapidly in the areas studied (i.e., >4-6% per yr); however, more data will be needed to determine if polygyne populations are expanding slowly (i.e., 1-2% per yr). Overall, polygyne and monogyne sites were about 95% stable from year to year; in other words, they did not commonly switch back and forth from one form to the other. As expected, average mound densities in the Florida survey (62 sites) remained relatively constant from 1990 to 1992. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Porter, S D AD - Med. & Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1344 EP - 1347 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Formicidae KW - introduced species KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - USA KW - queens KW - Hymenoptera KW - polygyny KW - population status KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Stability+of+polygyne+and+monogyne+fire+ant+populations+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%3A+Solenopsis+invicta%29+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; USA; population status; polygyny; queens; introduced species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal tremorgens AN - 16739216; 3521362 AB - Fungi capable of producing tremorgenic secondary metabolites represent species from taxonomically diverse and unrelated groups. These fungi are capable of contaminating a variety of agricultural commodities such as faragas, corn, silage, etc. Various animal diseases suspected or known to be caused by fungal tremorgens are paspalum staggers, ryegrass staggers, corn staggers, and Bermuda grass tremors. Other syndromes with probable involvement of fungal tremorgens were associated with corn silage contaminated with Aspergillus fumigatus and beer, cream cheese, a hamburger, and walnuts contaminated with Penicillium crustosum. The tremorgens involved in these syndromes (with the exception of the moldy silage) although produced by diversely unrelated fungi, contain the same basis biologically active chemical nucleus derived from geranylgeraniol and tryptophan. In some cases, such as A. flavus and Claviceps paspali, the tremorgens appear to be associated exclusively with the sclerotial stage (ergot). JF - Prikladnaia Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia AU - Cole, R J AD - USDA/ARS, Natl. Peanut Res. Lab., Dawson, GA 31742, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 44 EP - 50 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0555-1099, 0555-1099 KW - tremorgens KW - Penicillium crustosum KW - Claviceps paspali KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - fungi KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - grain KW - contamination KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.atitle=Fungal+tremorgens&rft.au=Cole%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Russian DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus fumigatus; fungi; grain; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life history of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae), with emphasis on performance at high temperatures AN - 16739007; 3516072 AB - Selected life history characteristics of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja, a newly imported egg parasitoid of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were studied at constant and fluctuating temperatures, with emphasis on high temperatures typical of desert cotton production areas in Arizona and southern California. Developmental times from egg to adult ranged from 11 to just over 7 d at mean temperatures of 22.5 and 29.5 degree C, respectively. Development was delayed under fluctuating temperatures with maximums greater than or equal to 33.5 degree C. Survivorship was >90% under all but a fluctuating 25/40 degree C regime. Similar results were found for Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, an established species in the southwestern United States. Mean female longevity of T. bactrae adults ranged from 138 h at a constant 15 degree C to 1.5 h at 40 degree C. Mean fecundity peaked at 25 degree C (55 progeny per female), but modest fecundity (14-23 progeny per female) was maintained at temperatures from 30-35 degree C. The majority of eggs oviposited by newly emerged adults within the first 24 h of exposure to hosts were laid in the first 3 h and >90% were laid within 12 h. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1051 EP - 1059 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Trichogrammatoidea bactrae KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Gelechiidae KW - life history KW - parasitoids KW - Lepidoptera KW - eggs KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Life+history+of+Trichogrammatoidea+bactrae+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Trichogrammatidae%29%2C+an+egg+parasitoid+of+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3B+Gelechiidae%29%2C+with+emphasis+on+performance+at+high+temperatures&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectinophora gossypiella; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera; Hymenoptera; life history; parasitoids; eggs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of larval density and temperature in poultry manure on development of the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) AN - 16738958; 3516057 AB - Median development rates of larvae (LDR) and pupae (PDR) of wild house fly, Musca domestica L., were measured by rearing larvae in poultry manure at 12.4, 17.3, 23.1, 32.0, and 38.9 degree C at densities of 1, 2.5, and 5 larvae per g of manure, and by rearing pupae at 13.7, 17.1, 23.0, 31.8, and 37.0 degree C. Manure temperature, larval density, and their interaction significantly influenced median LDR (range, 0.0477-0.1667). Larval survival was affected by density and manure temperature. Median PDR (range, 0.0417-0.2916) and survival in pupae was a response to air temperature but not the level of crowding preceding pupation. Predicted development rates correlated with observed rates for each larval density (R super(2) = 0.964, 0.958, and 0.979 for 1, 2.5, and 5 larvae per g manure, respectively) and for pupae (R super(2) = 0.999). However, these rates differed by 3-16% among larval densities within temperature which corresponded to variations in development time of 0.5-3.8 d. The relationship between cumulative numbers of larval-pupal transitions and the physiological age of flies was influenced at the 5th and 25th percentiles of the population by larval density and at the 75th and 95th percentiles by larval density and manure temperature. The relationship for pupal-adult transitions was influenced only by air temperature. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Barnard AU - Geden, C J AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 971 EP - 977 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Musca domestica KW - poultry KW - manure KW - population density KW - development KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16738958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+larval+density+and+temperature+in+poultry+manure+on+development+of+the+house+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29&rft.au=Barnard%3BGeden%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Musca domestica; Muscidae; Diptera; development; population density; manure; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of genetic maps for two Leptospira interrogans serovars provides evidence for two chromosomes and intraspecies heterogeneity AN - 16737218; 3513235 AB - Genetic maps were constructed for Leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona. Previously we independently constructed physical maps of the genomes for these two serovars. The genomes of both serovars consist of a large replicon (4.4 to 4.6 Mb) and a small replicon (350 kb). Genes were localized on the physical maps by using Southern blot analysis with specific probes. Among the probes used were genes encoding a variety of essential enzymes and genes usually found near bacterial chromosomal replication origins. Most of the essential genes are on the larger replicon of each serovar. However, the smaller replicons of both serovars contain the asd gene. The asd gene encodes aspartate beta -semialdehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme essential in amino acid and cell wall biosyntheses. The finding that both L. interrogans replicons contain essential genes suggests that both replicons are chromosomes. Comparison of the genetic maps of the larger replicons of the two serovars showed evidence of large rearrangements. These data show that there is considerable intraspecies heterogeneity in L. interrogans. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Herrmann, J L AU - Saint-Girons, I AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5445 EP - 5451 VL - 175 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gene mapping KW - probes KW - chromosomes KW - Leptospira interrogans KW - DNA KW - heterogeneity KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16737218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+genetic+maps+for+two+Leptospira+interrogans+serovars+provides+evidence+for+two+chromosomes+and+intraspecies+heterogeneity&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BHerrmann%2C+J+L%3BSaint-Girons%2C+I&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira interrogans; gene mapping; probes; heterogeneity; DNA; chromosomes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fecundity and oviposition in laboratory colonies of the screwworm fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) AN - 16735592; 3516051 AB - The screwworm fly is mass-produced using an artificial larval diet and an artificial oviposition substrate. On the artificial diet, mean fecundity was 185 eggs per female, whereas host-reared flies averaged 280 eggs per female. Host-reared flies were generally larger (head capsule width [HCW] > 3.6 mm) than laboratory-reared flies (HCW < 3.6 mm). Larger flies are generally more fecund, and size is related to larval nutrition. Only 75-89% of females reared on artificial diet and maintained at 30 degree C were gravid at 6 d of age compared with 100% of host-reared females tested at 5-6 d. When gravid females were offered artificial substrate for oviposition, ) 28% failed to oviposit and another 11% laid only partial clutches. Among all females tested for oviposition, 25% of the total egg production was withheld. Fecundity influenced oviposition, because the more mature eggs a female had, the more likely she was to oviposit. Supplementing the adult diet of honey and water with raw meat increased fecundity by 14% under normal laboratory conditions, but by as much as 350% in flies in which larval feeding was curtailed by removal of the larvae from the media 1 d before the normal completion of development. Many females became gravid in 4-5 d at 30 degree C versus 8-9 d at 22 degree C. But fecundity and oviposition rate were more variable (less synchronous) in colonies maintained at the higher temperature. This suggests that there may be greater selection for laboratory adaptation at the higher maintenance temperatures. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Thomas, D B AD - Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1464 EP - 1472 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - colonies KW - fecundity KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - oviposition KW - laboratories KW - Diptera KW - Calliphoridae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16735592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Fecundity+and+oviposition+in+laboratory+colonies+of+the+screwworm+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Calliphoridae%29&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliomyia hominivorax; Calliphoridae; Diptera; colonies; laboratories; fecundity; oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insect ecology AN - 16735392; 3720031 JF - Annual Review of Entomology. Vol. 38, pp. 303-327. 1993. AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Rossi, R E AU - Kemp, W P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 303 EP - 327 VL - 38 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - geographic information systems KW - population ecology KW - landscape KW - Insecta KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16735392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Ecology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+AM%3BRossi%2C+R+E%3BKemp%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=0824301382&rft.btitle=Geostatistics+and+geographic+information+systems+in+applied+insect+ecology&rft.title=Geostatistics+and+geographic+information+systems+in+applied+insect+ecology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; geographic information systems; reviews; population ecology; landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergot and other alkaloids associated with toxic syndromes in livestock on endophyte-infected grasses AN - 16734326; 3521361 AB - Different signs of ergotism in livestock associated with animals consuming feed grains and pasture grasses infected by Clavicipitaceae (e.g. Balansia spp. and Acremonium spp.) have been considered. Endophyte-infected tall fescue causes the damage to livestock, and its toxicity and ryegrass in livestock are associated with ergopeptide alkaloid ergovaline and indole-isoprenoid lolitrems produced by A. coenophialum and A. lolii. The role of another compound attendant to endophyte-infected fescue such as peramine and loline alkaloid is discussed. Concentration of alkaloids depends upon the season and the period of growing plant-host. The advantages and the problems of endophyte-grass mutualistic symbiosis in pasture conditions are considered. The perspective of genetic manipulation of grass and fungus to produce endophyte-infected grasses with stress and insect deterrences without affecting ruminant health. JF - Prikladnaia Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia AU - Porter, J K AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, Athens GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0555-1099, 0555-1099 KW - alkaloids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - feeds KW - Balansia KW - endophytes KW - ergot KW - livestock KW - Clavicipitaceae KW - toxicity KW - Acremonium KW - contamination KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16734326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.atitle=Ergot+and+other+alkaloids+associated+with+toxic+syndromes+in+livestock+on+endophyte-infected+grasses&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Russian DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clavicipitaceae; Acremonium; Balansia; ergot; toxicity; livestock; feeds; contamination; endophytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superparasitism and mutual interference in the egg parasitoid Anagrus delicatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) AN - 16732065; 3516581 AB - In nature, interference among Anagrus delicatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitoids reduced the per-capita number of hosts parasitized. Interference increased with parasitoid density. Anagrus delicatus did not avoid parasitizing hosts that had recently been parasitized by conspecific wasps. Evidence indicated that this superparasitism was largely a random process, increasing with the ratio of parasitized to unparasitized hosts. Individual parasitoid efficiency, the number of hosts killed per wasp per unit time, decreased with increasing wasp density. This occurred whether wasps searched the patch together (simultaneously) or one by one (sequentially), and was the result of an increase in time spent superparasitizing hosts at higher wasp density. This is known as indirect mutual interference. Increasing numbers of parasitoids together on the same patch caused a significant decline in the rate and per-capita number of hosts parasitized. However, there was not a correspondent decline in searching efficiency with increasing wasp density (i.e. no direct mutual interference). These forms of parasitoid density dependence should contribute to the stability of the host-parasitoid interaction. JF - Ecological Entomology AU - Cronin, J T AU - Strong AD - Forest Insect. Res., USDA-Forest Serv., P.O. Box 5500, 2500 Shreveport Highw., Pineville, CA 71360, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 293 EP - 302 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0307-6946, 0307-6946 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mymaridae KW - Prokelisia marginata KW - density dependence KW - Hymenoptera KW - superparasitism KW - Delphacidae KW - Anagrus delicatus KW - interference KW - Homoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16732065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Entomology&rft.atitle=Superparasitism+and+mutual+interference+in+the+egg+parasitoid+Anagrus+delicatus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Mymaridae%29&rft.au=Cronin%2C+J+T%3BStrong&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Entomology&rft.issn=03076946&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prokelisia marginata; Homoptera; Delphacidae; Anagrus delicatus; Hymenoptera; Mymaridae; superparasitism; interference; density dependence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blue and red-light irradiance switching of nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded gene expression in Arabidopsis and Sorghum AN - 16731550; 3716063 AB - We have previously shown in maize chloroplasts an interaction between light quality and irradiance levels in control of the expression of genes associated with photosystem II, LHCP2 and psbA. Blue light decreased LHCP2 and increased psbA mRNA expression compared with red light of equal irradiance. Differences were irradiance related. Our present work examines irradiance and quality light regulation of LHCP2, psbA, rbcS, PEPCO and PPDK gene expression in two different species, Arabidopsis (C3) and Sorghum (C4) at different stages of development and shows that the blue light suppression of LHCP2 and enhancement of psbA gene expression also operates at 50 and 130 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1) total irradiance. It also shows that light quality effects on LHCP2 gene expression are dependent on the stage of development but those on psbA are not. Sequential light quality experiments indicate that chloroplast gene expression is plastic and responsive to the immediate environment. Switching effects of blue in red light during development in light mixtures with a constant irradiance (50 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1)) are blue light irradiance regulated. JF - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology AU - Eskins, K AU - Alexander, N AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., Phytoprod. Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 253 EP - 258 VL - 18 IS - 2-3 SN - 1011-1344, 1011-1344 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - radiation KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - gene expression KW - light KW - chloroplasts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16731550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Photochemistry+and+Photobiology+B%3A+Biology&rft.atitle=Blue+and+red-light+irradiance+switching+of+nuclear-+and+chloroplast-encoded+gene+expression+in+Arabidopsis+and+Sorghum&rft.au=Eskins%2C+K%3BAlexander%2C+N&rft.aulast=Eskins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Photochemistry+and+Photobiology+B%3A+Biology&rft.issn=10111344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radiation; gene expression; light; chloroplasts; Sorghum bicolor; Arabidopsis thaliana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of two methods for release of Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) to infect house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy farms AN - 16731538; 3516467 AB - Two methods for initiating epizootics of Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius in house fly, Musca domestica L., populations were evaluated on New York dairy farms. First, 500 fresh, laboratory-infected fly cadavers were placed weekly for 10 wk inside barns in areas of high fly activity. Second, 2,500 living, infected flies were released on each of two occasions spaced 3 wk apart. Releases were started in mid-Jun. Three farms were used for each treatment plus three control farms. The E. muscae used for the releases had been isolated from house flies collected from dairies the year before and had been maintained by continuous fly-to-fly passage. Prevalence rates on both types of E. muscae release farms were twice as high (23-28%) as on control farms (12%) in the weeks after the start of the releases. Releases were more effective on farms with high fly populations than on farms with fly populations. Examination of conidia indicated that the released strain (8-18 nuclei per conidium) became established as a result of the releases. Epizootics occurred on all farms, including controls, in Sep through Nov. Infections in the spring were exclusively with a strain of E. muscae with 2-8 nuclei per conidium; by fall, most infections (86-93%) were with a strain with 8-18 nuclei per conidium, even on control farms. Nuclear densities in the laboratory culture remained constant at 8-18 nuclei per conidium during this shift in wild infections. Neither of the E. muscae treatments significantly reduced fly populations. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Geden, C J AU - Steinkraus, D C AU - Rutz, DA AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1600 SW 23rd Dr., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1201 EP - 1208 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Musca domestica KW - biological control KW - environmental release KW - Entomophthora muscae KW - epizootics KW - pathogens KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01014:Others KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16731538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+two+methods+for+release+of+Entomophthora+muscae+%28Entomophthorales%3A+Entomophthoraceae%29+to+infect+house+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+on+dairy+farms&rft.au=Geden%2C+C+J%3BSteinkraus%2C+D+C%3BRutz%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Geden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental release; biological control; epizootics; pathogens; entomopathogenic fungi; Musca domestica; Entomophthora muscae; Muscidae; Diptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monoclonal antibody identifies 2134P fimbriae as adhesins on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from postweaning pigs AN - 16730744; 3515754 AB - Fimbriae (pili) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), including K88, K99, 987P, and F41, are adhesins that facilitate intestinal colonization in neonatal pigs. K88 is also associated with some ETEC isolated from weaned pigs. Many ETEC isolates from weaned pigs do not express known adhesins and are termed 4P super(-). A novel bacterial adhesin, 2134P, was recently identified on two 4P super(-) ETEC isolates from weaned pigs. In this study, we identified a 2134P-specific monoclonal antibody, mAb 6C7/C1, that blocked the binding of 2134P super(+) bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody and immunoperoxidase assays using mAb 6C7/Cl confirmed that the 2134P adhesin is expressed in vivo by adherent bacteria in pigs challenge-exposed with 2134P super(+) ETEC. 2134P was detected on 31% of 189 postweaning diarrhea 4P super(-) ETEC isolates from the National Animal Disease Center's culture collection by dot blot immunoperoxidase assays using mAb 6C7/Cl. 2134P is a bacterial adhesin and is an important virulence attribute of some ETEC that cause diarrhea in weaned pigs. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Casey, T A AU - Schneider, R A AU - Nagy, B AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 101 EP - 114 VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - adhesins KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - intestine KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - pili KW - J 02862:Infection KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+identifies+2134P+fimbriae+as+adhesins+on+enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+isolated+from+postweaning+pigs&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BCasey%2C+T+A%3BSchneider%2C+R+A%3BNagy%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; intestine; pili; monoclonal antibodies; diarrhea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of recession infiltration on runoff volume computed by the kinematic wave model AN - 16730672; 3508978 AB - The effect of recession infiltration on runoff volume is quantified using the kinematic wave model for the case of lateral inflow made up of constant rainfall excess during the period of rainfall and constant infiltration after rainfall ends. A general solution is obtained using the following non-dimensional quantities; Q* = Q/R sub(e) (runoff volume divided by rainfall excess volume), t* = t sub(e)/D (time to kinematic equilibrium divided by the duration of rainfall excess), and f* = f/r sub(e) (infiltration rate divided by rainfall excess rate). Using these quantities, the relationship for the reduction of runoff volume is Q* = 1 - m/(m+1) t* [f*/(f*+1)] super(1/m) when t* < [(f*+1)/f*] super(1/m) and Q* = 1/(m+1) t* super(-m) (f*+1)/f* when t* greater than or equal to [(f*+1)/f*] super(1/m) where m is the kinematic wave depth-discharge exponent. The first equation corresponds to the case when flow ceases after the characteristic from distance and time zero, C sub((0,0)), reaches the end of the plane. The second equation corresponds to the case when the flow ceases and C sub((0,0)) does not reach the end of the plane. These equations approximate the reduction of runoff volume for the more general case of time varying rainfall excess under constant and variable rainfall as would be the case when the rainfall excess is generated using the Green-Ampt infiltration equation. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, J J AU - Shirley, ED AU - Lane, L J AD - Southwest Watershed Res. Cent., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Tucson, AZ, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1353 EP - 1361 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - water KW - models studies KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - rainfall KW - infiltration KW - runoff volume KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+recession+infiltration+on+runoff+volume+computed+by+the+kinematic+wave+model&rft.au=Stone%2C+J+J%3BShirley%2C+ED%3BLane%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; runoff volume; rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size difference among 16S rRNA genes from endosymbiontic bacteria found in testes of Heliothis virescens, H. subflexa, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and backcross sterile male moths AN - 16728274; 3512779 AB - We investigated Heliothis endosymbionts via an analysis of their PCR-amplified rRNA genes (rDNA). Prokaryotic-specific primers were used to amplify 16S rDNA from aseptically removed testes. PCR reactions without testes extract were negative. Endosymbionts from H. virescens and H. subflexa were genetically different. The size of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA indicates that endosymbionts in backcross sterile males originate from H. subflexa. Sterile males have essentially a H. virescens nuclear genome as a result of backcrossing. We propose that backcross male sterility results from an incompatibility between the maternally inherited endosymbiont type found in the cytoplasm and the predominantly paternal genetic material found in the nucleus. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Krueger, C M AU - Degrugillier, ME AU - Narang, S K AD - USDA-ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 382 EP - 390 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - genes KW - endosymbionts KW - Heliothis subflexa KW - Lepidoptera KW - bacteria KW - testes KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05213:Genes & molecular genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Size+difference+among+16S+rRNA+genes+from+endosymbiontic+bacteria+found+in+testes+of+Heliothis+virescens%2C+H.+subflexa%2C+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+and+backcross+sterile+male+moths&rft.au=Krueger%2C+C+M%3BDegrugillier%2C+ME%3BNarang%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Krueger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; genes; bacteria; endosymbionts; testes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Salmonella california and S. typhimurium strains with reduced ability to colonize the intestinal tract of broiler chicks AN - 16727927; 3634369 AB - This study determined the ability of eight strains of Salmonella and their agar-subcultured variants to colonize the intestinal tract of broiler chicks. Nalidixic-acid (NAL)-resistant and streptomycin-resistant subcultured strains (S. california 1989/A and S. typhimurium 3366/A) that persisted in the ceca of chicks in lower numbers than their NAL-resistant parent strains (1989/O and 3366/O) were selected for additional study. S. typhimurium strain 3366/A was present in the ceca of chicks in lower numbers than the parent strain 3366/O when given concomitantly with the parent strain or when the two strains were given separately to different chicks. S. california 1989/A strain was present in the ceca in lower numbers than the parent strain after concomitant oral or intracloacal inoculation. Strains 3366/O and 3366/A of S. typhimurium differed in growth rates in BHI broth and cecal mucus. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profile indicated that LPS components present in S. california 1989/O were missing from strain 1989/A. A mutant of 1989/O-2095/R-was also LPS- and colonization-deficient. (DBO) JF - Avian Diseases AU - Craven, SE AU - Cox, NA AU - Bailey, J S AU - Stern, N J AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Blankenship, L C AD - Poult. Microbiol. Saf. Res. Unit, R. B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 339 EP - 348 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Salmonella california KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - colonization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gifted+Child+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Socioaffective+Impact+of+Acceleration+and+Ability+Grouping%3A+Recommendations+for+Best+Practice&rft.au=Neihart%2C+Maureen&rft.aulast=Neihart&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Gifted+Child+Quarterly&rft.issn=00169862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; gastrointestinal tract; colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term changes in the abundance and parity rate of Anopheles quadrimaculatus species C (Diptera: Culicidae) in a central Florida swamp AN - 16727532; 3516471 AB - Updraft CDC traps baited with dry ice were used to monitor changes in the abundance and parity rate of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say complex mosquitoes in an intermittently flooded swamp in Central Florida during an 18-d period. Mosquitoes collected each day were identified to species using DNA hybridization and isozyme electrophoretic techniques and were dissected to determine follicular maturation and parity. Of 1,178 Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes identified to species, 4% were species A and 96% were species C. Dissections of females of both species indicated that 98% were nonblood fed and nongravid with ovariole development at Christophers' stage II. Overall parity rates were 0.19 and 0.51 for populations of species A and species C, respectively. The duration of the gonotrophic cycle for species C females was estimated to be 5 d based on the interval between peaks in the number of nulliparous females collected on days 1 and 6 and peaks in the number of parous females collected 5 d later. Significant trends were observed in the number of parous species C females collected each day, indicating that the parity rate could not be used as an unbiased estimator of survivorship. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jensen, T AU - Kaiser, P E AU - Barnard AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1038 EP - 1042 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - USA, Florida KW - Culicidae KW - Anopheles quadrimaculatus KW - swamps KW - traps KW - Diptera KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+Research+in+Mathematics+Education&rft.atitle=Tell+me+with+whom+you%27re+learning%2C+and+I%27ll+tell+you+how+much+you%27ve+learned%3A+Mixed-ability+versus+same-ability+grouping+in+mathematics&rft.au=Linchevski%2C+Liora%3BKutscher%2C+Bilha&rft.aulast=Linchevski&rft.aufirst=Liora&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+for+Research+in+Mathematics+Education&rft.issn=00218251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anopheles quadrimaculatus; Culicidae; Diptera; USA, Florida; population levels; swamps; traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical transmission of a Nosema sp. (Microsporida: Nosematidae) infecting a grasshopper, Chorthippus curtipennis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 16727452; 3512740 AB - Vertical transmission studies of a Nosema sp. infecting a grasshopper, Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris), were conducted in the laboratory. Mated pairs of field-collected grasshoppers were allowed to oviposit, and the adults and progeny were subsequently examined for infection. Infection status of the parents had no effect on fecundity. A preliminary analysis of observed differences in percentage batch was also not significant, but further analysis suggested that there were differences between mated pairs. The analysis suggested that some of the differences in hatch rate were caused by infection of the female when mated pairs were subsequently classified as having a high or low hatch rate. Vertical transmission was maternally mediated, with > 70% of the progeny infected at 5 d after hatch. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Streett, DA AU - Woods, SA AU - Onsager, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Insect Lab., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1031 EP - 1034 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chorthippus curtipennis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acrididae KW - biological control KW - disease transmission KW - Orthoptera KW - transmission (vertical) KW - Nosema KW - microsporidiosis KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03091:Protozoa