TY - JOUR T1 - Mobility of strychnine in four Colorado soils; the sorption/desorption of the parent compound AN - 52210510; 2001-055939 JF - Abstracts - Annual Meeting - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) AU - Timm, R W AU - Starr, R I AU - Hurlbut, D B AU - Goodall, M J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 160 PB - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, [location varies] VL - 15 KW - United States KW - soils KW - concentration KW - sorption KW - desorption KW - cation exchange capacity KW - textures KW - pollutants KW - alkaloids KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - organic compounds KW - loam KW - sampling KW - total organic carbon KW - movement KW - hydrocarbons KW - strychnine KW - Colorado KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52210510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.atitle=Mobility+of+strychnine+in+four+Colorado+soils%3B+the+sorption%2Fdesorption+of+the+parent+compound&rft.au=Timm%2C+R+W%3BStarr%2C+R+I%3BHurlbut%2C+D+B%3BGoodall%2C+M+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifteenth annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04767 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaloids; cation exchange capacity; Colorado; concentration; desorption; environmental analysis; hydrocarbons; loam; movement; organic compounds; pH; pollutants; pollution; sampling; soils; sorption; strychnine; textures; total organic carbon; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion, transport, and deposition of soil carbon in a headwater catchment during cotton cultivation in the Georgia Piedmont AN - 50141804; 1995-045659 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Huntington, T G AU - Markewich, H W AU - Lynn, W C AU - Johnson, C E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 301 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - erosion KW - Appalachians KW - cores KW - Atlanta Georgia KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Fulton County Georgia KW - sampling KW - Panola Mountain Research Watershed KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - horizons KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - North America KW - sediment transport KW - colluvium KW - clastic sediments KW - agriculture KW - saprolite KW - deposition KW - alluvium KW - Georgia KW - fluvial environment KW - clastic rocks KW - Piedmont KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50141804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Erosion%2C+transport%2C+and+deposition+of+soil+carbon+in+a+headwater+catchment+during+cotton+cultivation+in+the+Georgia+Piedmont&rft.au=Huntington%2C+T+G%3BMarkewich%2C+H+W%3BLynn%2C+W+C%3BJohnson%2C+C+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Huntington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1994 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; alluvium; Appalachians; Atlanta Georgia; carbon; clastic rocks; clastic sediments; colluvium; cores; deposition; drainage basins; erosion; fluvial environment; Fulton County Georgia; Georgia; horizons; North America; Panola Mountain Research Watershed; Piedmont; sampling; saprolite; sediment transport; sedimentary rocks; sediments; soil erosion; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory policies for groundwater quality protection AN - 1849296714; 2016-103733 JF - American Water Resources Association Technical Publication Series AU - Kim, C S AU - Sandretto, Carmen Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 263 EP - 270 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - TPS-94-4 SN - 1070-6763, 1070-6763 KW - protection KW - models KW - water quality KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - policy KW - nitrate ion KW - cost KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849296714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Water+Resources+Association+Technical+Publication+Series&rft.atitle=Regulatory+policies+for+groundwater+quality+protection&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BSandretto%2C+Carmen&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=TPS-94-4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Water+Resources+Association+Technical+Publication+Series&rft.issn=10706763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual conference; national symposium on Water quality N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost; ground water; models; nitrate ion; policy; pollutants; pollution; protection; regulations; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. I. Effects on seed yield and soil aggregation AN - 17132103; 4436792 AB - Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi colonize plant roots and the surrounding bulk soil. They transport mineral nutrients from the soil to the plant and carbon compounds from the plant to the soil, and have pervasive effects on plant form and function and on the composition of the soil microbiota. This experiment evaluated VAM effects on plants and soil to determine if VAM fungi mediate a relationship between changes in seed yield and soil aggregation. In a pot experiment with peas, an isolate of the VAM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe did not significantly affect seed yield (8%), but improved soil aggregation by 400% in one soil, a gray silt-loam high in organic matter (OM) and phosphorus. In another soil, a yellow clay-loam low in OM and phosphorus, seed yield was enhanced significantly (57%), but there was only a small change (50%) in aggregation. The results suggest that carbon allocation between the plant (measured as seed yield) and the soil (measured as the formation of water-stable aggregates) is influenced by this VAM fungus. The soil appeared to gain carbon at the expense of carbon lost by the plant. Mycorrhizal fungi thus seem to affect two biologically controlled aspects of sustainable agriculture: plant production and soil quality. JF - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AU - Barea, J-M AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory (HCRL), Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 161 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0889-1893, 0889-1893 KW - roots KW - seeds KW - yield KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Vigna KW - Glomus mosseae KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizae+in+sustainable+agriculture.+I.+Effects+on+seed+yield+and+soil+aggregation&rft.au=Bethlenfalvay%2C+G+J%3BBarea%2C+J-M&rft.aulast=Bethlenfalvay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.issn=08891893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glomus mosseae; Vigna ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Administration of ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin to growing swine AN - 17004122; 3844168 AB - Effects of dietary ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Thirty-six barrows (3 replicates of 3 for each of 4 treatment groups, mean body weight, 18.0 kg) were fed: 0 mg of OA and 0 mg of T-2/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of OA/kg of feed; 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of OA plus 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed for 30 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weight and body weight gain were decreased by all toxin treatments, but the combination toxin treatment reduced weight gain more than did either of the toxins administered singly and could be considered additive. Liver weight was decreased by combination treatment, whereas kidney weight was increased by OA treatment. Ochratoxin decreased serum cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values; reduced mean cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and macrophage phagocytosis; and increased creatinine and total protein values. Consumption of T-2 toxin reduced hemoglobin and serum alkaline phosphatase values. The combination treatment decreased serum cholesterol, gamma -glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, mean cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, as well as lymphoblastogenesis and phagocytosis, and increased serum creatinine concentration. We concluded that OA and T-2, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values, and organ weights of growing barrows. Although some analytes were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone, the interactions could best be described as additive, not synergistic. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, GE AU - Corrier, DE AD - USDA/ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1757 EP - 1761 VL - 55 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - ochratoxin A KW - T-2 toxin KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium KW - Penicillium KW - Aspergillus KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17004122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Administration+of+ochratoxin+A+and+T-2+toxin+to+growing+swine&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+GE%3BCorrier%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Penicillium; Fusarium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of natural and isotopically enriched chromium in urine by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry AN - 16981107; 3827145 AB - A method is described for the determination of chromium and its enriched stable isotopes in human urine by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. A volatile chelate is formed with trifluoroacetylacetone (TFA) and the fragment ions corresponding to Cr(TFA) sub(2) super(+) in the 356-360 m/z region are monitored. The chelate is thermally stable and exhibits no memory effects when isotope ratios change. The detection limit for the method is 0.03 ng of Cr/g, and the accuracy is verified by certified reference materials and by an independent method. The method is highly specific for chromium, due to the combined properties of the chelating agent, chromatographic column, and mass-specific detector. In addition to total chromium determinations, the method can also be used to quantitate enriched stable isotopes of chromium used as metabolic tags in tracer experiments in human nutrition studies. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Veillon, C AU - Patterson, KY AD - Beltsville Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., Vitamin and Mineral Nutr. Lab., USDA, 117 Bldg. 307, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 856 EP - 860 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - chromium KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - mass spectroscopy KW - assays KW - urine KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Determination+of+natural+and+isotopically+enriched+chromium+in+urine+by+isotope+dilution+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry&rft.au=Veillon%2C+C%3BPatterson%2C+KY&rft.aulast=Veillon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - urine; assays; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by heteromyid rodents AN - 16951631; 3615805 AB - Bipedal species of seed-eating, desert, heteromyid rodents forage primarily in open spaces while quadrupedal heteromyids forage in structurally complex microhabitats, such as beneath bush canopies. However, both bipeds and quadrupeds use the latter microhabitats relatively more during periods of bright lunar illumination. One explanation for these patterns is that risk of predation is affected by both microhabitat type and illumination, and that microhabitat use is dictated by biped-quadruped differences in vulnerability to predators. I investigated effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by three bipedal and three quadrupedal heteromyid species in a laboratory foraging arena. I predicted that, if predation risk affects microhabitat selection, rodents would forage preferentially in seed patches characterized by less risky microhabitat and illumination conditions (i.e., in patches beneath bush canopies rather than open patches, and in dark rather than illuminated patches). Three individual rodent species in addition to species grouped as bipeds and quadrupeds exhibited the predicted preference for dark patches, but only Dipodomys merriami preferred bush patches. No preferences were expressed for open or for illuminated patches. These results and those of previous patch choice experiments that used patches differing in seed distribution and soil properties imply that both predation risk and foraging economics affect heteromyid patch use. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Longland, W S AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nevada, 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 82 EP - 90 VL - 132 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - light effects KW - food selection KW - laboratory animals KW - foraging behavior KW - bushes KW - Rodentia KW - canopies KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16951631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cropping+system+influences+on+extractable+water+for+mono-+and+double-cropped+soybean&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+G+A%3BWhisler%2C+F+D%3BBuehring%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; bushes; canopies; laboratory animals; foraging behavior; food selection; light effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure and transfer success of Noctuidonema guyanense (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) on moths of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16937631; 3608241 AB - Age distribution, population dispersion, and transfer success of Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain on adults of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were studied in the laboratory. The nematode population was composed of 77% juveniles (J), 68% of which were J3-J4s. Among adult nematodes, 60% were females. The dispersion of N. guyanense on feral male moths varied from fairly uniform among abdominal segments to clumped on segments 8-10. Transfer success of N. guyanense among mating hosts averaged 2.8% for juveniles and 7.2% for adults on hosts mating a mean of 98 min. On moths mating an average of 415 min, the transfer of nematodes from infested male moths to female moths averaged 19.4% for juveniles and 18.5% for adults. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 327 EP - 330 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Noctuidonema guyanense KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - parasitism KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Noctuidae KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Population+structure+and+transfer+success+of+Noctuidonema+guyanense+%28Nematoda%3A+Aphelenchoididae%29+on+moths+of+Spodoptera+frugiperda+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; parasitism; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of avian endogenous provirus - cellular junction sequences using inverse polymerase chain reactions AN - 16922994; 3605128 AB - The inverse polymerase chain reaction (invPCR), based on using sets of oligonucleotide primers oriented in the reverse direction of the usual PCR, was used to amplify cell sequences that flank chicken endogenous virus (ev) genes. Inverse PCR products flanking the 5' region of ev7 and ev12 were cloned and cell nucleotide sequences were determined. Subsequent PCRs were conducted using primers based on cell sequences flanking ev7, ev12, and the proviral long terminal repeat of ev1. In a survey of experimental and commercial lines and breeds, ev12 was found among three broiler lines. This approach facilitates the identification of ev genes in breeding stocks without conducting prior conventional progeny testing. Moreover, specific ev genes may be detected in individuals harboring a variety of other ev genes. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Iraqi, F AU - Smith, E J AD - USDA-ARS, Avian Dis. Oncol. Lab., E. Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 69 EP - 80 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - avian endogenous provirus KW - ev gene KW - sequences KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - breeding KW - genes KW - determination KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+avian+endogenous+provirus+-+cellular+junction+sequences+using+inverse+polymerase+chain+reactions&rft.au=Iraqi%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Iraqi&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - breeding; genes; determination; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flight orientation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and D. barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) at habitat interfaces AN - 16908970; 3592439 AB - The short-range flight orientation behavior of adult western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and adult northern corn rootworms, D. barberi (Smith & Lawrence), was observed within plots of corn, Zea mays L. and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and at the interface between corn and other crop and noncrop habitats. The direction of flight was random within corn and soybeans, but at the interface between early- and late-planted corn, beetles of both species generally oriented more toward flowering corn than vegetative or post-flowering corn. Beetles also oriented toward corn rather than soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.) mixed with weeds, independent of the developmental stage of the corn. In general, flight orientation behavior did not differ with sex, and flight direction was not modified by wind or the presence of the observer. It appears that, although movement within a homogeneous habitat is random, movement at the boundaries of dissimilar habitats is nonrandom. This behavior should be considered in the development of models for predicting large-scale dispersal of these insects within the corn ecosystem. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Naranjo, SE AD - North. Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, RR 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 383 EP - 394 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - orientation KW - Coleoptera KW - ecotones KW - Diabrotica KW - flight activity KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Flight+orientation+of+Diabrotica+virgifera+virgifera+and+D.+barberi+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+at+habitat+interfaces&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; ecotones; flight activity; orientation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying an empirical model of stomatal conductance to three C-4 grasses AN - 16906135; 3591820 AB - An empirical equation for stomatal conductance has been developed. The equation is based on a linear index, which was modified to represent nonlinear independent effects of CO sub(2) flux and water vapor pressure deficit. The equation was applied to data from caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.) and two accessions of Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.), measuring responses of leaves of the three grasses to wide ranges of environmental conditions. The equation accurately predicts stomatal conductance in these C-4 grasses, but requires measured photosynthesis as an input variable. Dependence on only environmental inputs was achieved by including the equation as the conductance submodel in a complete leaf gas exchange model, along with a photosynthesis submodel derived from a biochemically based model. This simplified submodel also describes the data well, as does the integrated model. Comparisons of model results and derived parameter values indicate important differences among gas exchange properties of the three grasses. Implementation details of the model are discussed, along with approaches for adapting it for simulating interleaf variability, water stress effects, and patchy stomatal function. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Dougherty, R L AU - Bradford, JA AU - Coyne, P I AU - Sims, P L AD - Southern Plains Range Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 2000 18th St., Woodward, OK 73801, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 269 EP - 290 VL - 67 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Bothriochloa caucasia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - conductance KW - stomata KW - Tripsacum dactyloides KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16906135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Applying+an+empirical+model+of+stomatal+conductance+to+three+C-4+grasses&rft.au=Dougherty%2C+R+L%3BBradford%2C+JA%3BCoyne%2C+P+I%3BSims%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tripsacum dactyloides; stomata; conductance; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stronger seafood safety rules proposed AN - 16894985; 3588007 AB - A recently announced plan for a nationally mandated seafood safety system is designed to enhance consumer confidence in the safety of seafood products as well as strengthen standards. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is making changes in the way seafood--fish, shellfish, and mollusks--is handled and inspected through-out production and marketing system. While the new food safety initiative is aimed primarily at seafood processors, the proposed rules apply to almost every sector of the industry, including packers, wholesalers, and importers. Fishermen or aquaculturalists would be affected by the requirements placed on the first-line processors to have knowledge about the product's origin. For retailers, the FDA has developed a "Model Food Code" for states to incorporate in their legislation on methods for maintaining seafood safety in restaurants and stores. JF - Agricultural Outlook AU - Harvey, D AD - Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SN - 0099-1066, 0099-1066 KW - fishery industry KW - human food KW - inspection KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - seafood KW - quality control KW - public health KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.atitle=Stronger+seafood+safety+rules+proposed&rft.au=Harvey%2C+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.issn=00991066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seafood; fishery industry; quality control; human food; inspection; public health; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An iconoclastic view of Bacillus thuringiensis ecology AN - 16829291; 3770789 JF - American Entomologist AU - Martin, PAW AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab. (USDA-ARS) Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 90 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1046-2821, 1046-2821 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - ecology KW - pathogenicity KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Entomologist&rft.atitle=An+iconoclastic+view+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+ecology&rft.au=Martin%2C+PAW&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=PAW&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Entomologist&rft.issn=10462821&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; pathogenicity; ecology; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the safety of high-dose, short-term supplementation with vitamin E in healthy older adults AN - 16825465; 3769520 AB - The effect of daily supplementation of 800 mg dl alpha -tocopheryl acetate for 30 d on general health, nutrient status, hepatic and renal function, intermediary metabolism, hematological status, plasma nutrients and antioxidant status, thyroid hormones, and urinary creatinine concentrations was studied in 32 healthy elderly (>60 y) people who participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, residential trial. The subjects reported no side effects due to the supplements. Supplementation had no effect on body weight, plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, indicators of hepatic and renal function, hematologic status, thyroid hormones, or serum and urinary creatinine concentrations and creatinine clearance. Supplementation did cause a significant increase in serum vitamin E, and a small (5%) but significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma zinc in the vitamin E-supplemented group. Thus, short-term supplementation with 800 mg vitamin E/d has no adverse effect on healthy older adults. JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Meydani, S N AU - Meydani, M AU - Rall, L C AU - Morrow, F AU - Blumberg, J B AD - USDA Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent. Aging, Tufts Univ., 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 704 EP - 709 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - alpha -tocopherol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - geriatrics KW - age KW - man KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16825465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+safety+of+high-dose%2C+short-term+supplementation+with+vitamin+E+in+healthy+older+adults&rft.au=Meydani%2C+S+N%3BMeydani%2C+M%3BRall%2C+L+C%3BMorrow%2C+F%3BBlumberg%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - man; age; geriatrics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postdiapause development and mating status of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) affected by pear and nonhost species AN - 16795499; 3543947 AB - Large numbers of winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, leave the pear orchard in the fall, overwinter in diapause in nonpear habitats, and return to pear orchards the following spring. Postdiapause development of overwintering forms, including oogenesis and mating (indicated by spermatophore numbers in females), was more advanced in early spring for insects collected from pear than for those collected from apple, a nonhost but an important species for overwintering. These results were confirmed by caging psylla on pear and apple in the field and laboratory. Psylla were also caged on a number of ornamental species in fall, and mortality and postdiapause development were monitored. Some insects, with the exception of those placed on a dead pear tree, survived the winter on all plant species. Postdiapause development on most species lagged behind that on pear. Psylla collected from pear trees on the orchard perimeter were often less advanced than those collected from the orchard interior, suggesting that psylla tended to colonize orchard edges. These effects were most pronounced in orchards and during years in which reentry rates were highest. Ovarian development of psylla was similar in insects removed from yellow sticky traps and from clear sticky traps. Females removed from yellow traps had more spermatophores than those removed from clear traps on two sampling dates. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Higbee, B S AU - Krysan, J L AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 249 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - post-diapause KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - development KW - dispersal KW - host plants KW - breeding status KW - Psyllidae KW - mating KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05188:Growth & regeneration KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16795499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Postdiapause+development+and+mating+status+of+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29+affected+by+pear+and+nonhost+species&rft.au=Horton%3BHigbee%2C+B+S%3BKrysan%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Psyllidae; Homoptera; development; mating; breeding status; host plants; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population suppression and sterility rates induced by variable sex ratio, sterile insect releases of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii AN - 16789465; 3543946 AB - Sterile insect releases of a pupal color-based genetic sexing strain of the Mediterranean fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were made during the summer and fall of 1991 in coffee plantations in Kauai, HI. Four treatments compared with respect to trap recapture and sterility rates induced in native populations were: (1) genetic sexing strain () 99% males = males only), (2) genetic sexing strain (males and females), (3) genetic sexing strain (high % female female), and (4) standard strain (males and females). Each week either 2 liters () 120,000) of irradiated pupae for the bisexual populations or 1 liter of irradiated pupae for the unisexual populations were dye-marked and ground released in buckets. Adult flies emerged and dispersed throughout individual () 1 ha) coffee fields. Flies were trapped weekly in standard dry traps or in liquid protein traps. Coffee berry samples were collected weekly to determine egg sterility rates, and females trapped in liquid protein were dissected for presence of sperm and sperm type. A new technique was developed to type sperm as either sterile (irradiated) or wild in mated females. An estimate of sterile fly competitiveness based on relative degrees of egg hatch suppression indicated an overall three- to five-fold increase in competitiveness of the males-only strain compared with the standard bisexual strain. Significantly, however, this difference even widened to a qualitative degree by the end of the test. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - McInnis, DO AU - Tam, S AU - Grace, C AU - Miyashita, D AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 231 EP - 240 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - biological control KW - Coffea KW - USA, Hawaii KW - sex ratio KW - Tephritidae KW - plantations KW - sterile-release KW - population regulation KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+method+to+determine+bioavailable+phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J+S%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Coffea; Tephritidae; Diptera; USA, Hawaii; population regulation; biological control; sterile-release; sex ratio; plantations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: Host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance AN - 16762996; 3528802 AB - An intensive population census of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) identified 15 species of suitable host plants (11 solanaceous, 4 cucurbitaceous), 6 of them new host records. Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill., Solanum nigrescens Mart. & Galeotti, Solanum sodomeum L., and Solanum torvum Sw. were the most heavily infested host plants in feral habitats. Under backyard and commercial cultivations, Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw., and Solanum melongena L. were the most heavily infested (larval density and percentage infestation). B. latifrons appears to outcompete melon fly, oriental fruit fly, and Mediterranean fruit fly in C. annuum, Capsicum frutescens L., L. pimpinellifolium, Physalis peruviana L., S. melongena, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. sodomeum, and S. torvum. Extremely low (<1%) larval parasitization by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was observed. Larval parasitization by Tetrastichus sp. was also observed. More than 250 cm average annual cumulative rainfall probably excluded B. latifrons populations from areas where suitable host plants were abundant. Over the study period, the relative abundance of B. latifrons populations decreased as the elevation increased. B. latifrons population density levels were consistently low, and there was no discernible pattern of population fluctuation over time (months of collection). Comprehensive lists of all recorded host plants (world review) and natural enemies of B. latifrons are presented. The ecological attributes of B. latifrons populations and their adaptive significance in colonizing and establishing in new geographic areas are discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Liquido, N J AU - Harris, E J AU - Dekker, LA AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Biocontrol, Biol., and Field Oper. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 71 EP - 84 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bactrocera latifrons KW - geographical distribution KW - host plants KW - Tephritidae KW - natural enemies KW - Diptera KW - abundance KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Ecology+of+Bactrocera+latifrons+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+populations%3A+Host+plants%2C+natural+enemies%2C+distribution%2C+and+abundance&rft.au=Liquido%2C+N+J%3BHarris%2C+E+J%3BDekker%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Liquido&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bactrocera latifrons; Tephritidae; Diptera; host plants; natural enemies; geographical distribution; abundance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Finding good food and avoiding bad food: Does it help to associate with experienced flockmates? AN - 16728513; 3713328 AB - Flocks of male red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus, were observed as they foraged on 9 x 12-m tilled plots within a 0.2-ha flight pen. One of the plots contained rice seed treated with the bird repellent methiocarb; a second plot received untreated rice. When each flock displayed a consistent avoidance of the treated plot, the number of experienced birds in the 12-bird flock was sequentially reduced to six, three, one and zero. Latency to use of the untreated plot and time spent foraging in the treated plot by naive birds were greatly reduced when at least one experienced bird was present. Throughout the 4-day trials, use of the treated seed plot by naive birds was greater than that of experienced birds. The naive flock members benefited by following experienced birds to the untreated seed plot, thereby discovering and using it more quickly than when no experienced birds were present. The naive birds did not avoid the treated seed plot, however, and many ate the treated seed and became sick. Thus, the benefit of associating with experienced birds was in learning where to forage, not where to avoid. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Avery, M L AD - USDA, Denver Wildl., Res. Cent., Florida Field Stn., 2820 E. Univ. Ave., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1371 EP - 1378 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - methiocarb KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - foraging behavior KW - observational learning KW - taste aversion learning KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Finding+good+food+and+avoiding+bad+food%3A+Does+it+help+to+associate+with+experienced+flockmates%3F&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; foraging behavior; taste aversion learning; observational learning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monoclonal antibody to pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) egg antigen: A tool for predator gut analysis AN - 16725541; 3517126 AB - We describe the development, selection, and application of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to eggs of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). We tested this MAb against all pink bollworm life stages and the egg stage of 10 other insect species using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In all cases, the MAb was highly specific to pink bollworm egg and adult female antigens. A Western blot analysis showed that the MAb reacted with two egg polypeptides with molecular weights between 46 and 60 kDa. Predation studies were conducted in the laboratory to test the usefulness of this MAb for studying predator-prey interactions. Most predators fed either one or two pink bollowrm eggs responded positively to the MAb in a serological analysis of gut contents. These data suggest that this MAb can be used as a diagnostic probe for gut content analysis of potential predators of pink bollworm eggs under field conditions. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Hagler, J R AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Bradley-Dunlop, D AU - Enriquez, F J AU - Henneberry, T J AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 90 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Gelechiidae KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - methodology KW - predators KW - Lepidoptera KW - eggs KW - identification KW - antigens KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+to+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+egg+antigen%3A+A+tool+for+predator+gut+analysis&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BNaranjo%2C+SE%3BBradley-Dunlop%2C+D%3BEnriquez%2C+F+J%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectinophora gossypiella; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera; eggs; antigens; monoclonal antibodies; identification; predators; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a method to determine bioavailable phosphorus loss in agricultural runoff AN - 16725420; 3517245 AB - The loss of bioavailable P (BAP) in agricultural runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of receiving water bodies. Although several algal and chemical extractions have been proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted their widespread use. This study evaluates the use of iron-oxide impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) to estimate the BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains during 1988-1990. In the proposed method, BAP is determined by shaking 50 ml of unfiltered runoff with one Fe-oxide strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1 M H sub(2)SO sub(4) and measured. The BAP content of runoff sediment was related (r super(2) = 0.92-0.95) to the growth of P-starved algae incubated for 29 days with runoff as the sole source of P. Acting as a P sink, the strips have a stronger theoretical basis than chemcial extraction in estimating BAP in agricultural runoff. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Robinson, J S AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Smith, S J AD - Soil Sci., USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Quality Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702-1430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 287 EP - 297 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - iron-oxide strips KW - bioavailability KW - measuring techniques KW - phosphorus KW - agricultural runoff KW - bioassay KW - surface runoff KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - runoff KW - eutrophication KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+method+to+determine+bioavailable+phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J+S%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phosphorus; agriculture; runoff; agricultural runoff; eutrophication; watersheds; bioassay; surface runoff; chemical analysis; bioavailability; measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogenetic changes in foraging behaviour and habitat use by the Oregon garter snake, Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus AN - 16712438; 3703079 AB - Foraging behaviour, stream habitat use and food habits of a population of the aquatic, Oregon garter snake were studied in the field during the spring and summer of 1987 and 1988. Continuous records of behaviour and habitat use were obtained for each snake. Adults foraged more actively and in a wider variety of stream habitats than juveniles or neonates. Adults also fed on a wider variety of prey types and sizes, especially concentrating on large, Pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosis, larvae and neotenes, in the mid-stream substrates. Juvenile and neonate snakes fed on relatively smaller prey that inhabited shallow stream margins. Consumption of relatively large prey by adults and smaller prey by juveniles indicated a shift in foraging 'strategy' from frequent feeding on small prey to infrequent feeding on large prey. These ontogenetic changes in foraging behaviour, habitat use and food habits of Oregon garter snakes are probably the result of a combination of proximate ecological, morphological and physiological constraints. Ultimately, these behavioural shifts may have a phylogenetic origin that reflects the strong advantage of single large meals versus many small meals for many modern snake lineages. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Lind, A J AU - Welsh, HH Jr AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., Redwood Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1261 EP - 1273 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - foraging behavior KW - food selection KW - Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus KW - ontogeny KW - habitat utilization KW - streams KW - USA, California KW - D 04670:Reptiles KW - Y 25554:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16712438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Ontogenetic+changes+in+foraging+behaviour+and+habitat+use+by+the+Oregon+garter+snake%2C+Thamnophis+atratus+hydrophilus&rft.au=Lind%2C+A+J%3BWelsh%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Lind&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus; USA, California; foraging behavior; habitat utilization; food selection; streams; ontogeny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations and modeling of interactions between barley yield and evapotranspiration in the subarctic AN - 16704215; 3635971 AB - Management of cropping systems and conservation of water resources requires a knowledge of crop evapotranspiration (ET). Yet, ET from field-grown crops and the association among yield, ET, and water stress are virtually unknown in the subarctic region of North America. Irrigated and nonirrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) treatments were established in 1989 at Delta Junction and 1990 at Fairbanks, Alaska, to ascertain yield-ET relations and to validate a model which simulates relative yield (relative to potential yield) based on the transpiration (T) to potential transpiration (T sub(p)) ratio. Barley development, soil water content (by neutron attenuation), pan evaporation, precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, and global radiation were monitored at each location. Regression analysis indicated that grain yield increased 26 kg/ha for every mm of water evapotranspired over a range of 180 to 260 mm in seasonal ET. Modeled and measured available water in the soil profile and relative yield were in good agreement. Based on 9 years of measured barley yield and climate data at Fairbanks, modeled ET ranged from 120 to 250 mm and yield decreased as the modeled transpiration deficit (1 - T/T sub(p)) increased. This study indicated that water stress occurs frequently in the subarctic. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, North Cent. Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., North Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 109 EP - 119 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - climatic data KW - water use KW - agricultural hydrology KW - subarctic zone KW - model studies KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - crop yield KW - evapotranspiration KW - USA, Alaska, Fairbanks KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Observations+and+modeling+of+interactions+between+barley+yield+and+evapotranspiration+in+the+subarctic&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; agricultural hydrology; evapotranspiration; crop yield; subarctic zone; soil-water-plant relationships; water use; climatic data; water stress; USA, Alaska, Fairbanks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non water-stressed baselines for sunflowers AN - 16672730; 3688531 AB - Effective use of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) to quantify water stress requires knowledge of a non-stressed baseline (NWSB). This study was conducted to determine effects of plant population, plant development, leaf temperatures, canopy temperatures, and time of measurement on NWSB for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., "Triumph 560-A, 822B-R"). Measurements of canopy and single leaf temperatures were made with an infrared thermometer (IRT) throughout the growing season on plants in three populations (2.6, 5.3, and 7.9 plants/m super(2)) grown under full irrigation to provide a range of ground cover conditions. Plant population only affected NWSB based on canopy temperatures when leaf area index (LAI) was less than 2.0. Non water-stressed baselines based on single leaf temperatures were not affected by plant population. Slopes of NWSBs were similar during vegetative and flowering growth stages, but declined in absolute value during grain-filling. Non water-stressed baselines derived from midday temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) measurements were not different from NWSBs derived from diurnal measurements. Measurements of single leaves of sunflower plants made with an IRT can be used to evaluate water stress early in the growing season before canopy closure occurs, or in non-irrigated production areas where canopy closure may not occur, and during grain-filling when heads become very warm and disrupt canopy temperature measurements. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Nielsen, D C AD - USDA-ARS, Cent. Great Plains Res. Stn., P.O. Box 400, Akron, CO 80720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 265 EP - 276 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - sunflower KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - canopy KW - plants KW - baseline studies KW - irrigation KW - temperature KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16672730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Non+water-stressed+baselines+for+sunflowers&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water stress; plants; temperature; irrigation; canopy; baseline studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration patterns in canopy gaps of mixed-oak forests of the southern Appalachians: Influences of topographic position and evergreen understory AN - 16655759; 3657114 AB - Canopy gaps in southern Appalachian mixed-oak forests were assessed for the effects of topographic, gap and stand variables on density of wood seedlings. Seedling density was significantly correlated with percent slope and positively with gap age (1-5 yr). Density varied substantially among topographic positions and increased with gap size. Species richness decreased over time and increased with gap size. Regeneration was dominated by Acer rubrum L. Other important species included Quercus coccinea Muench., Q. rubra L., Q. velutina Lamarck, Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Cornus florida L. Some known gap species increased in density with increasing gap size. Competitive inhibition effects of the evergreen understory (Rhododendron maximum L. and Kalmia latifolia L.) were also examined. Gaps containing over 50% cover of R. maximum had significantly lower densities than all other gaps, including gaps with >50% K. latifolia cover. Height distributions of major regenerating species were skewed away from small (<15 cm) height classes. Species establishment was a function of gap area, gap age, topographic position and cover of R. maximum. In addition, species of varying degrees of tolerance of understory conditions are capable of establishment in small to medium size canopy openings in the absence of an evergreen shrub understory. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Clinton, B D AU - Boring, L R AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA SE Forest Exp. Stn., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 308 EP - 319 VL - 132 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - undergrowth KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - regeneration KW - Quercus KW - canopies KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Regeneration+patterns+in+canopy+gaps+of+mixed-oak+forests+of+the+southern+Appalachians%3A+Influences+of+topographic+position+and+evergreen+understory&rft.au=Clinton%2C+B+D%3BBoring%2C+L+R%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA, Appalachian Mts.; forests; canopies; undergrowth; regeneration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cropping system influences on extractable water for mono- and double-cropped soybean AN - 16649937; 3654539 AB - For rain-fed agriculture in the southeastern United States, efficient soil water use when double-cropping is essential. Water use by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is, however, poorly documented. Winter wheat may deplete soil water, thus limiting subsequent soybean yield. Cropping system variables, such as soybean planting date and row spacing, may also affect water use. Therefore, a 4-year field experiment in northeastern Mississippi was conducted on Leeper (Vertic Haplaquept) and Catalpa (Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) silty clays. The objectives were to (1) determine the influence of soybean planting date, cropping system (monocropped versus double-cropped), and row spacing on extractable water (similar to available water) for soybean, and (2) identify a production system to improve the use of extractable water over a growing season. In mid- to late-May (the first soybean planting date), "Centennial" soybean in 38- or 76-cm rows was planted either between rows of standing wheat or in bare (monocropped) plots. After the wheat was harvested and the straw chopped, soybean was planted into bare soil or planted no-till into wheat stubble in mid-June for the second planting and in early July for the third. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe from soybean emergence to maturity. Differences between each water content profile and a dry profile (constructed using the lowest recorded water content at each depth) were regarded as extractable water. Neither soybean planting date nor cropping system, as a main effect, exerted much influence on extractable water for soybean. As interacting factors later in the season, however, they were important. Plots with soybean in 38- rather than 76-cm rows contained more extractable water throughout the 1982 and 1983 seasons, and yielded over 9% more seed. Canopies closed about 20 days sooner with narrow rows than with wide rows. These full canopies protected and shaded the soil surface, probably reducing crusting and decreasing water losses by evaporation. We concluded that double-cropped soybean in 38-cm rows planted either into standing wheat in late May or into wheat stubble not later than mid-June utilized extractable water efficiently in silty clay soils in northeastern Mississippi. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Lehrsch, G A AU - Whisler, F D AU - Buehring, N W AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 13 EP - 25 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil types KW - agriculture KW - available water KW - plants KW - crops KW - water use efficiency KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16649937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cropping+system+influences+on+extractable+water+for+mono-+and+double-cropped+soybean&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+G+A%3BWhisler%2C+F+D%3BBuehring%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; water use efficiency; plants; soil types; available water; agriculture; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship among sampling methods in density estimates of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae): Implications of sex, reproductive maturity, and sampling location AN - 16635199; 3649974 AB - Correlations among three sampling methods in counts of summerform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were determined. Counts obtained using yellow sticky traps, beat trays, and open-ended organdy bags were linearly and positively related. Factors that affected correlations among methods included sex, height in the three canopy from which the sample was obtained, and reproductive maturity of the insects. For a given beat tray count or bag count, sticky trap catches were larger for males than females, were larger in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy, and were reduced during sampling intervals in which most females were reproductively immature. These results suggest that males were more active than females, that psylla in the upper canopy were more active than those in the lower canopy, and that reproductively immature psylla were inactive comparatively. Absolute densities (psylla per leaf) were estimated by dropping open-ended organdy bags over pear shoots. This method proved to be time consuming, and therefore a regression equation that transformed beat tray counts into numbers of psylla per leaf was fitted; the model explained 49.3% of the variation. Sex ratios varied with sampling method and height in the canopy. Sticky trap counts were more male-biased than the other two sampling methods. Male bias was larger in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy. Percentage of female psylla that were reproductively mature varied with sampling method and height in the canopy. Females collected with sticky traps and in the upper canopy were often older than those collected with bags or in the lower canopy. Wing size of males and females did not differ between canopy heights. Wing size decreased between subsequent generations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 583 EP - 591 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Psyllidae KW - reproduction KW - sampling KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16635199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Relationship+among+sampling+methods+in+density+estimates+of+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29%3A+Implications+of+sex%2C+reproductive+maturity%2C+and+sampling+location&rft.au=Horton&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Homoptera; Psyllidae; population density; reproduction; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ag pollution: A new generation of rules? AN - 16619306; 3645332 AB - Society has legitimate concerns about surface- and groundwater pollution from agricultural operations. The question is, what is the best approach to limiting agricultural pollution? Some have characterized the options as either regulatory or voluntary approaches. The reality will probably be a combination. JF - Agricultural Outlook AU - Burt, J AD - Soil Conserv. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SN - 0099-1066, 0099-1066 KW - agricultural pollution KW - pollution control KW - groundwater contamination KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - environmental protection KW - water pollution control KW - agricultural runoff KW - surface water KW - legislation KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16619306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.atitle=Ag+pollution%3A+A+new+generation+of+rules%3F&rft.au=Burt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.issn=00991066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - legislation; watersheds; environmental protection; agricultural runoff; groundwater pollution; surface water; water pollution control; nonpoint pollution sources; agricultural pollution; pollution control ER - TY - CONF T1 - Problems of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 16616208; 3633117 AB - Insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been a recognised problem for only about 6 years. It now seriously threatens both conventional and gene transfer uses for this environmentally safe biological insecticide. Since 1985, the potential for resistance has been demonstrated in at least five insect species, and high levels of resistance among field populations have been reported in one species. In two moth species, Plodia interpunctella and Plutella xylostella, the potential for resistance is widespread among diverse populations and laboratory studies suggest that it can progress to high levels within only a few generations. The mechanism of resistance in these species involves a change in binding affinity of the insects' midgut membrane that is specific for the particular toxin type used in selecting the resistant population. Recognition of the inevitability of Bt resistance in insects has led to increased research on deployment strategies that might delay or prevent its evolution. Although resistance to Bt toxins expressed in genetically engineered plants has not been reported yet, it is imperative that resistance management tactics be developed before resistance reduces the pest control value of Bt. Currently, the focus of strategies for managing resistance is on techniques that minimise selection pressure, such as providing untreated refuges, and on the use of multiple toxins in various mixture, mosaic, rotational, or sequential patterns. Experimental data are needed to support the value of these approaches in different pest and cropping systems. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - McGaughey, W H Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 95 EP - 102 VL - 49 IS - 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - pest control KW - toxins KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pesticide resistance KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Problems+of+insect+resistance+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=McGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effect on postdiapause development and survival of embryos of three species of Melanoplus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 16613841; 3649977 AB - Postdiapause development and survival of embryos to hatch were studied at 10 constant temperatures (12, 15, 18, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42 degree C) for three species of North American grasshoppers: Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), M. bivittatus (Say), and M. differentialis (Thomas). M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus had similar development curves (rate versus temperature) with developmental thresholds of 10.4 and 9.8 degree C, respectively. M. differentialis had a slower development curve, but the developmental threshold was 8.8 degree C. Even though M. differentialis had a lower developmental threshold, mean hatch days, the time to the first day of hatch, and the respective thermal units were nearly double those of M. sanguinipes or M. bivittatus. Percentage of hatch was greatest at 26.8 degree C for M. sanguinipes, at 24 degree C for M. bivittatus, and at 26.3 degree C for M. differentialis; thermal death points were reached at 43, 42, and 42.3 degree C, respectively. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Fisher, J R AD - Rangeland Insect Lab., USDA-ARS-North. Plains Area, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 604 EP - 608 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - diapause KW - Melanoplus KW - embryos KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - survival KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Temperature+effect+on+postdiapause+development+and+survival+of+embryos+of+three+species+of+Melanoplus+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Melanoplus; Acrididae; Orthoptera; development; diapause; survival; embryos ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age and crowding affects the amount of sex pheromone and the oviposition rates of virgin and mated females of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16571235; 3635564 AB - The quantity of sex pheromone and the egg-deposition rate was recorded for mated and virgin adult females of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) for 2 wk following eclosion. When a female was mated, the amount of pheromone in the pheromone gland decreased and remained low. The rate of oviposition increased the day after mating, peaked 2 d following mating, and then gradually declined. This inverse correlation between pheromone quantity and oviposition rate also was seen in aging virgin females. The amount of sex pheromone present in the glands of virgin females decreased during the 1st wk after eclosion and then increased during the 2nd wk to about half the amount found in 1-d-old females. Egg deposition by virgin females held singly increased steadily during adult life. The number of eggs laid when 2, 5, or 10 females were combined into one cage was the same, but these groups of females laid 3.5 times more eggs on average per female than single females. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Abernathy, R L AU - Teal, PEA AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 350 EP - 354 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - females KW - Lepidoptera KW - crowding KW - age KW - Noctuidae KW - rates KW - oviposition KW - sex pheromone KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Age+and+crowding+affects+the+amount+of+sex+pheromone+and+the+oviposition+rates+of+virgin+and+mated+females+of+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Abernathy%2C+R+L%3BTeal%2C+PEA%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Abernathy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; sex pheromone; age; crowding; oviposition; rates; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of atrazine residues in soil and shallow groundwater: Effect of tillage and rainfall timing AN - 16570445; 3644908 AB - A field study began in 1986 to determine the effects of no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) management practices on the movement and leaching characteristics of several commonly used pesticides to shallow groundwater during corn (Zea mays L.) production. Specifically, the effect of tillage and rainfall timing on the spatial distribution of atrazine in the 0-30 cm soil depth and in shallow groundwater (less than 1 m depth) was evaluated in 1987, 1988, and 1989. These 3 years were selected because nearly the same amount of rain fell, but at different times and intensities, within the period between atrazine application and the first sampling. The average atrazine residues in the top 10 cm of soil of the two CT plots were much higher than the two NT plots in all years, regardless of the rainfall timing. This difference was about 23% in 1987 (first rain occurred 3 days after application), 56% in 1988 (12 h after application), and 63% in 1989 (6 days after application). Atrazine residue levels of 663 and 424 mu g/l were found in the samples collected, from the wells above the clay layer, 3 days after the first rain event in 1988, in the two NT plots. However, the concentrations decreased to 133 mu g/l and 105 mu g/l and 6 mu g/l and 5 mu g/l after 14 and 40 days, respectively. These relatively high residue levels in 1988 presumably resulted because the first rain event which contributed 48 mm of rain began 12 h after application and lasted about 2 days. The average residue levels of atrazine in the wells below the clay layer in the NT plots were higher than the CT plots in all 3 years. The semi-variograms for atrazine residues in the 0-30 cm soil depth showed that the residue values were spatially related for the separation distance of less than 16 m. For the well water samples, this distance was estimated to be about 30 m. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R AD - USDA-ARS, Nat. Resour. Inst., Pesticide Degrad. Lab., Bldg. 050, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 76 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Zea mays KW - agricultural pollution KW - atrazine KW - groundwat. KW - groundwater KW - infiltration KW - pesticide residues KW - pollutant persistence KW - soil types KW - soils KW - spatial distribution KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - rainfall KW - agriculture KW - Freshwater KW - groundwater pollution KW - agricultural runoff KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+atrazine+residues+in+soil+and+shallow+groundwater%3A+Effect+of+tillage+and+rainfall+timing&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Sadeghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; soils; agricultural runoff; rainfall; groundwater pollution; pollutant persistence; agriculture; leaching; pesticides; groundwater; spatial distribution; soil types; atrazine; infiltration; pesticide residues; Zea mays; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of cellular and extracellular proteins expressed by various isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species AN - 15606040; 3926038 AB - Protein expression profiles of 10 isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, M. avium 18 (formeriy M. paratuberculosis 18), and 1 isolate each of M. avium serotype 2, M. avium serotype 8, and M. bovis BCG were examined. Protein expression profiles of M. paratuberculosis and M. avium were similar. However, two-dimensional gel analysis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled cellular proteins resolved 4 proteins, with molecular mass of 28,000, 32,000, 32,000, and 42,000 daltons, which were expressed in greater amounts in M. paratuberculosis than in M. avium. Two proteins, with molecular mass of 43,000 and 60,000 daltons, were identified, which were expressed in greater amounts in M. avium than in M. paratuberculosis. Immuno (westem)-blot analysis, using antiserum from 2 cows clinically infected with M. paratuberculosis as the primary antibodies, suggested that the 42,000-dalton protein may be specific for M. paratuberculosis. Comparison of protein expression profiles may be useful as a tool for differentiating isolates of M. paratuberculosis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled extracellular proteins revealed variability among the isolates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled cellular proteins divided the M. paratuberculosis isolates into 2 groups on the basis of a difference in the amount of expression of a 28,000-dalton protein. This information may be useful in epidemiologic studies. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - White, W B AU - Whipple, D L AU - Stabel, J R AU - Bolin, CA AD - Leptospirosis/Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1399 EP - 1405 VL - 55 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - gel electrophoresis KW - proteins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15606040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cellular+and+extracellular+proteins+expressed+by+various+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+and+other+mycobacterial+species&rft.au=White%2C+W+B%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BBolin%2C+CA&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; gel electrophoresis; proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Artifacts caused by dehydration and epoxy embedding in transmission electron microscopy. AN - 76208920; 8305727 AB - Epoxy resins are the principal embedding media for the preservation of tissues to be sectioned and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Their primary advantages are good ultrastructural preservation, little or no shrinkage, ease of sectioning, and reasonable stability in the electron beam. However, epoxy resins also have disadvantages; namely, some are toxic, they may mask antigenic sites to a greater extent than do some other embedding resins, and they do not penetrate tissues as well as less viscous embedding formulations. Some unusual characteristics may also be revealed, for example, as shrinkage of organelles, as problems in poststaining sections, and as movement of tissue elements within the block and section. Some of the properties of epoxy resins are discussed in this report. JF - Microscopy research and technique AU - Mollenhauer, H H AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845-9594. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 496 EP - 512 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 1059-910X, 1059-910X KW - Epoxy Resins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Epoxy Resins -- toxicity KW - Microscopy, Electron -- methods KW - Tissue Embedding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76208920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microscopy+research+and+technique&rft.atitle=Artifacts+caused+by+dehydration+and+epoxy+embedding+in+transmission+electron+microscopy.&rft.au=Mollenhauer%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Mollenhauer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microscopy+research+and+technique&rft.issn=1059910X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food shortages and an epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy in Cuba. AN - 76224371; 8108040 AB - From late 1991 to mid-1993, cases of optic neuropathy of unknown etiology, which first appeared in unusual numbers in a western province of Cuba, spread and multiplied throughout the island. The dominant symptoms changed, becoming increasingly those of peripheral neuropathy. Incidence rates peaked in April 1993. An estimated 50,000 cases were reported. The majority were adult men and women (aged about 25-65), with comparatively few children or elderly people being affected. The cause has yet to be delineated. However, food shortages and radical changes in diet resulting from the longstanding US trade embargo and the recent loss of Eastern Europe as Cuba's trading partner have compromised nutritional status, especially B-vitamin sufficiency, and appear to be related to the neuropathic illnesses. In April 1993, the Cuban government began distributing vitamin supplements to every citizen. Causal hypotheses include tobacco-alcohol or "nutritional" amblyopia; cyanide toxicity from cassava; toxic legumes introduced as supplements to scarce flour; other toxins, for example pesticides, or a "blue mold" on tobacco; enterovirus; and a hereditary enzyme deficiency in affected persons. None of these factors appears to be present in all cases, but it is generally believed that an interaction of some toxin or toxins, in combination with nutritional deficiency, is likely to be the major cause. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Tucker, K AU - Hedges, T R AD - School of Nutrition and a Research Scientist, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 349 EP - 357 VL - 51 IS - 12 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cuba KW - Avitaminosis -- complications KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Nutritional Status KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Optic Nerve Diseases -- etiology KW - Optic Nerve Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Supply UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76224371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Food+shortages+and+an+epidemic+of+optic+and+peripheral+neuropathy+in+Cuba.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+K%3BHedges%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional practices of elite athletes. Practical recommendations. AN - 76214911; 8303140 AB - The nutritional intake of elite athletes is a critical determinant of their athletic performance and ability to compete both physically and mentally. However, their demanding training and travel schedules in addition to a possible lack of nutritional knowledge may prohibit them from maintaining an optimal dietary intake. Sound scientific data about the nutritional habits of elite athletes are limited and, therefore, it is not clear as to whether elite athletes are following nutritional recommendations and maintaining nutritionally sound diets. This review takes a comprehensive look at 22 recent dietary intake studies, including 50 groups of elite athletes. The time period for food record collection ranged from 3 to 7 days except for 2 studies which collected records for 21 and 22 days. Energy intakes of > 50 kcal/kg/day for male athletes who train for > 90 min/day and 45 to 50 kcal/kg/day for female athletes training for > 90 min/day are recommended. Bodyweight should be monitored frequently as a check on calorie intake. With a sufficient calorie intake (1.2 to 2.0 kg/kg/day) protein supplementation is not necessary. Ingested carbohydrate stored as glycogen serves as the primary fuel for muscle performance. Athletes in training should consume 70% of total calories as carbohydrate. Athletes on low energy diets (< 2200 kcal/day) should have a diet of < 25% fat, and athletes with large energy needs should consume 30% fat in their diet. In general, fat intakes should be reduced and carbohydrate intakes increased. Athletes should also restrict alcohol intake during training and competition periods. Athletes with low calorie intakes should consume foods with high contents of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and vitamin B12. Athletes with high calorie intakes should consume foods that are naturally high in or fortified with B-group vitamins. Fluid, electrolyte and energy supplementation is desirable to support circulatory, metabolic and thermoregulatory functions. There is no special food that will help elite athletes perform better; the most important aspect of the diet of elite athletes is that it follows the basic guidelines for healthy eating. JF - Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) AU - Economos, C D AU - Bortz, S S AU - Nelson, M E AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 381 EP - 399 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0112-1642, 0112-1642 KW - Dietary Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Dietary Fats KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Index Medicus KW - Drinking KW - Feeding and Eating Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- administration & dosage KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Dietary Fats -- administration & dosage KW - Energy Intake KW - Body Composition KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Adult KW - Caffeine -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sports Medicine KW - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76214911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+to+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+egg+antigen%3A+A+tool+for+predator+gut+analysis&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BNaranjo%2C+SE%3BBradley-Dunlop%2C+D%3BEnriquez%2C+F+J%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation and evaluation of alternative nutrient management practices on a demonstration watershed AN - 52817403; 1996-055131 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Coffey, S W Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 13 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - GLEAMS KW - watersheds KW - mathematical models KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - Duplin County North Carolina KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - North Carolina KW - shallow aquifers KW - soil management KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52817403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Simulation+and+evaluation+of+alternative+nutrient+management+practices+on+a+demonstration+watershed&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BCoffey%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2572 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Duplin County North Carolina; GLEAMS; ground water; hydrology; mathematical models; nonpoint sources; North Carolina; nutrients; shallow aquifers; simulation; soil management; soils; transport; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical transport under three management systems at the Ohio MSEA AN - 52814969; 1996-055132 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Workman, S R AU - Ward, A D AU - Fausey, N R Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 14 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - degradation KW - irrigation KW - triazines KW - transport KW - Pike County Ohio KW - agrochemicals KW - alachlor KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - optimization KW - preventive measures KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52814969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Chemical+transport+under+three+management+systems+at+the+Ohio+MSEA&rft.au=Workman%2C+S+R%3BWard%2C+A+D%3BFausey%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Workman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2589 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; alachlor; atrazine; concentration; degradation; experimental studies; herbicides; irrigation; land use; leaching; models; Ohio; Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area; optimization; organic compounds; pesticides; Pike County Ohio; preventive measures; soil management; soils; transport; triazines; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting areal distributions of salt-loading to the groundwater AN - 50333299; 1996-055128 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Corwin, D L AU - Vaughn, P J AU - Wang, H AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Cone, D G Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 10 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - solute transport KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - salinity KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - models KW - computer programs KW - spatial distribution KW - interactive techniques KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - information systems KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50333299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Predicting+areal+distributions+of+salt-loading+to+the+groundwater&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BVaughn%2C+P+J%3BWang%2C+H%3BRhoades%2C+J+D%3BCone%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2566 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ArcGIS; ArcInfo; chemical composition; computer programs; data processing; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; interactive techniques; models; monitoring; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; salinity; solute transport; spatial distribution; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced soils information systems from advances in computer technology AN - 50274411; 1994-017392 AB - Information is being requested with increasing frequency for location, quality, and quantity of soil properties, processes and interactions with various natural resources. Advancements in computer technology such as increased storage capabilities, faster processing speeds, improved database management systems, geographic information systems, and telecommunications have made it possible to provide more information in a more timely manner, and in formats better suited to user needs. These advancements also make it possible for the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) program to continue evolving in the scientific pursuit of understanding and communicating soil-landscape relationships and their interpretations. In an effort to take advantage of the advances in technologies, and to better respond to increased user needs, the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is developing a new National Soil Information System (NASIS). NASIS is intended to provide a number of new capabilities for the users of the system. Among these capabilities are the maintenance of individual observation data within the system and the capability to relate these individual observations and spatial variability of soil properties to individual delineated areas on soil maps. NASIS will also provide for the interpretation of individual components of map units as well as what were formerly included soils within the map units. With increases in capabilities coupled with increases in user needs for soil information, the NCSS has the opportunity as well as the responsibility to continually review practices, procedures and concepts in light of new technologies to assure that they are not based on prior constraints that these new technologies may have erased. JF - Geoderma AU - Ernstrom, Daniel J AU - Lytle, Dennis A2 - Wagenet, R. J. A2 - Bouma, J. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 327 EP - 341 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 60 IS - 1-4 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - soils KW - processes KW - technology KW - geographic information systems KW - natural resources KW - data processing KW - data bases KW - mapping KW - information systems KW - management KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50274411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Enhanced+soils+information+systems+from+advances+in+computer+technology&rft.au=Ernstrom%2C+Daniel+J%3BLytle%2C+Dennis&rft.aulast=Ernstrom&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 conference of Working Group M/V of the International Society of Soil Science N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; geographic information systems; information systems; management; mapping; natural resources; processes; soils; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability of isokinetic muscle strength testing in 45- to 78-year-old men and women. AN - 85225522; pmid-8239959 AB - The test-retest reliability of isokinetic muscle strength testing was determined in 45- to 78-year-old men (N = 71; mean age = 60.2 years) and women (N = 107; mean age = 60.0 years). The dynamic muscle strength of the knee and elbow extensor (KE, EE) and flexor (KF, EF) muscle groups was measured at slow (60 degrees/sec) and fast (K = 240 degrees/sec; E = 180 degrees/sec) angular velocities using a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer on two occasions seven to ten days apart. The mean peak torque in the second test was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in all muscle groups and both angular velocities tested in both sexes. The angle at which peak torque occurred did not change from the first to the second test except in the KF of females tested at 60 degrees/sec. Pearson's correlation coefficients (CCs; p < 0.01) in males ranged from .68 to .77 in the knee and from .71 to .84 in the elbow. In females, the CCs (p < 0.01) ranged from .58 to .74 in the knee and from .67 to .78 in the elbow. Thus in a large number of older men and women at least two tests may be necessary to determine isokinetic peak torque. JF - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation AU - Frontera, W R AU - Hughes, V A AU - Dallal, G E AU - Evans, W J AD - Human Physiology Laboratory, USDA--Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. PY - 1993 SP - 1181 EP - 1185 VL - 74 IS - 11 SN - 0003-9993, 0003-9993 KW - Age Factors KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Human KW - Muscles KW - Aged KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Knee KW - Kinetics KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Male KW - Female UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85225522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+isokinetic+muscle+strength+testing+in+45-+to+78-year-old+men+and+women.&rft.au=Frontera%2C+W+R%3BHughes%2C+V+A%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BEvans%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Frontera&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft.issn=00039993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Laboratory-acquired human infection with SP H 114202 virus (Arenavirus: Arenaviridae family): clinical and laboratory aspects]. TT - Infecção humana adquirida em laboratório causada pelo virus SP H 114202 (Arenavirus: família Arenaviridae): aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais. AN - 76307874; 7997756 AB - Here in is described the clinical and laboratorial findings of a laboratory-acquired infection caused by the virus SP H 114202 (Arenavirus, family Arenaviridae) a recently discovered agent responsible for a viral hemorrhagic fever. The patient was sick for 13 days. The disease had an abrupt onset characterized by high fever (39 degree C.), headache, chills and myalgias for 8 days. In addition, on the 3rd day, the patient developed nausea and vomiting, and in the 10th, epigastralgia, diarrhea and gengivorrhagia. Leucopenia was seen within the 1st week of onset, with counts as low as 2,500 white cells per mm3. Counts performed after the 23rd day of the onset were within normal limits. With the exception of moderate lymphocytosis, no changes were observed in differential counts. An increase in the titer of antibodies by complement fixation, neutralization and ELISA (IgM) was detected. Suckling mice and baby hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with 0.02 ml of blood samples collected in the 2nd and 7th days of disease. Attempts to isolate the virus were also made in Vero cells. No virus was isolated. This virus was isolated before in a single occasion in São Paulo State, in 1990, from the blood of a patient with hemorrhagic fever with a fatal outcome. The manipulation of the virus under study, must be done carefully, since the transmission can occur through aerosols. JF - Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo AU - Vasconcelos, P F AU - Travassos da Rosa, A P AU - Rodrigues, S G AU - Tesh, R AU - Travassos da Rosa, J F AU - Travassos da Rosa, E S AD - Serviço de Arbovirus, Instituto Evandro Chagas, FNS/MS, Belém, Pará, Brasil. PY - 1993 SP - 521 EP - 525 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0036-4665, 0036-4665 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Arenaviridae Infections -- virology KW - Arenaviridae -- isolation & purification KW - Laboratory Infection -- virology KW - Laboratory Infection -- diagnosis KW - Arenaviridae Infections -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76307874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.atitle=%5BLaboratory-acquired+human+infection+with+SP+H+114202+virus+%28Arenavirus%3A+Arenaviridae+family%29%3A+clinical+and+laboratory+aspects%5D.&rft.au=Vasconcelos%2C+P+F%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+A+P%3BRodrigues%2C+S+G%3BTesh%2C+R%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+J+F%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Vasconcelos&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.issn=00364665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Portuguese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of molybdenum supplementation on N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis and molybdenum excretion in rats. AN - 76229409; 7509181 AB - Molybdenum (Mo) supplementation reduces the incidence of nitrosamine-induced tumors in the esophagus and forestomach of laboratory animals, and the incidence of mammary cancer in female rats induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded amounts of Mo on NMU-induced mammary carcinogenesis, and on the excretion of Mo and copper (Cu). Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 5 wk were given ad libitum a low-Mo (0.026 mg/kg) diet and deionized water. After 15 d, a single SC injection of 50 mg NMU/kg body wt was administered to each of 30 rats in groups 2-5. Eight rats in group 1 served as untreated control. One week after the carcinogen treatment, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg Mo from sodium molybdate were added to each liter of drinking water for groups 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Groups 1 and 2 did not receive any Mo supplementation. After the rats had been Mo-supplemented for 38, 67, and 85 d, 48-h urine and fecal samples were collected from the same 48 rats, and Mo and Cu were determined. Molybdenum seemed to have little effect on Cu excretion. At each time interval, animals fed 0 or 0.1 mg Mo/L excreted more Mo in feces than in urine, whereas rats fed 1 and 10 mg Mo/L water excreted more Mo in urine than in feces, which indicates that Mo absorption was not easily saturated as the amount of Mo increased. However, the liver became saturated with Mo when 0.1-1 mg Mo/L was fed. The total number of palpable tumors per group 101 d after NMU administration was 109, 115, 101, and 81, and the total carcinomas per group were 92, 96, 86, and 65 for the animals in groups 2-5, respectively. The results indicate that supplemental Mo in the amount of 10 mg/L of drinking water inhibited mammary carcinogenesis. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Yang, S P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-7166. PY - 1993 SP - 245 EP - 256 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Molybdenum KW - 81AH48963U KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Copper -- urine KW - Random Allocation KW - Copper -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Molybdenum -- administration & dosage KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Molybdenum -- pharmacology KW - Molybdenum -- metabolism KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76229409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+molybdenum+supplementation+on+N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced+mammary+carcinogenesis+and+molybdenum+excretion+in+rats.&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BYang%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of a cDNA from Aspergillus parasiticus encoding an O-methyltransferase involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AN - 76166498; 8285664 AB - Aflatoxins are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Among the catalytic steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, the conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin and the conversion of dihydrosterigmatocystin to dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin are catalyzed by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferase. A cDNA library was constructed by using RNA isolated from a 24-h-old culture of wild-type A. parasiticus SRRC 143 and was screened by using polyclonal antiserum raised against a purified 40-kDa O-methyltransferase protein. A clone that harbored a full-length cDNA insert (1,460 bp) containing the 1,254-bp coding region of the gene omt-1 was identified by the antiserum and isolated. The complete cDNA sequence was determined, and the corresponding 418-amino-acid sequence of the native enzyme with a molecular weight of 46,000 was deduced. This 46-kDa native enzyme has a leader sequence of 41 amino acids, and the mature form of the enzyme apparently consists of 377 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 42,000. Direct sequencing of the purified mature enzyme from A. parasiticus SRRC 163 showed that 19 of 22 amino acid residues were identical to the amino acid residues in an internal region of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein. The 1,460-bp omt-1 cDNA was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system; a Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of crude extracts from this expression system revealed a 51-kDa fusion protein (fused with a 5-kDa beta-galactosidase N-terminal fragment).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Cary, J W AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Keller, N P AU - Chu, F S AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 3564 EP - 3571 VL - 59 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - omt-1 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - DNA, Fungal KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Methyltransferases -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76166498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+cDNA+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus+encoding+an+O-methyltransferase+involved+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BKeller%2C+N+P%3BChu%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - omt-1 N1 - Genetic sequence - X62988; GENBANK; X62979; X62987; S55473; X62989; X62986; L22091; X62990; X62981; X62980 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Curr Genet. 1992 Mar;21(3):231-3 [1563048] Prep Biochem. 1991;21(2-3):125-40 [1798691] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Feb;59(2):479-84 [8434913] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 May;59(5):1642-6 [8517755] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1980 Jan;63(1):110-4 [7380781] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] J Mol Biol. 1989 Mar 20;206(2):313-21 [2541254] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):291-306 [2017214] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Nov;230(1-2):120-8 [1840640] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why data reliability and risk assessment in soil interpretations? AN - 52826998; 1996-047597 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Mays, M D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 301 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - methods KW - risk assessment KW - interpretation KW - accuracy KW - land use KW - measurement KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52826998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Why+data+reliability+and+risk+assessment+in+soil+interpretations%3F&rft.au=Mays%2C+M+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; interpretation; land use; measurement; methods; risk assessment; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field studies of hydric soils; system design and considerations AN - 52826027; 1996-047900 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Hudnall, W H AU - Tiarks, A E AU - Patterson, W B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 350 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pressure KW - rainfall KW - temperature KW - wetlands KW - classification KW - hydric soils KW - accuracy KW - Eh KW - design KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52826027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Field+studies+of+hydric+soils%3B+system+design+and+considerations&rft.au=Hudnall%2C+W+H%3BTiarks%2C+A+E%3BPatterson%2C+W+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hudnall&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; classification; design; Eh; field studies; hydric soils; hydrology; pressure; rainfall; soils; temperature; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of methods for determining risk in soil science investigations AN - 52825074; 1996-047646 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Yates, S R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 308 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - methods KW - planning KW - pollution KW - risk assessment KW - accuracy KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52825074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+methods+for+determining+risk+in+soil+science+investigations&rft.au=Yates%2C+S+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; land use; methods; planning; pollution; risk assessment; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of soil solution sampled by suction lysimeters using the SWMS 2D model AN - 52823874; 1996-047779 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Wu, L AU - Baker, J M AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 219 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - sand KW - experimental studies KW - pressure KW - clastic sediments KW - rainfall KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - halogens KW - bromide ion KW - bromine KW - simulation KW - two-dimensional models KW - measurement KW - finite element analysis KW - sediments KW - suction KW - lysimeters KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52823874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+soil+solution+sampled+by+suction+lysimeters+using+the+SWMS+2D+model&rft.au=Wu%2C+L%3BBaker%2C+J+M%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bromide ion; bromine; clastic sediments; experimental studies; finite element analysis; halogens; lysimeters; measurement; pollutants; pressure; rainfall; sand; sediments; simulation; soils; solute transport; statistical analysis; suction; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on boron adsorption by reference minerals and soils AN - 50248693; 1994-033635 JF - Soil Science AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Heick, E L Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 316 EP - 321 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 156 IS - 5 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - silicates KW - iron oxides KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - effects KW - boron KW - adsorption KW - geochemistry KW - temperature KW - clay minerals KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50248693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+boron+adsorption+by+reference+minerals+and+soils&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BHeick%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; boron; clay minerals; effects; geochemistry; iron oxides; oxides; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implication of C-5, C-6 unsaturation as a key structural factor in steroidal alkaloid-induced mammalian teratogenesis. AN - 76050759; 8224110 JF - Experientia AU - Gaffield, W AU - Keeler, R F AD - Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1993/10/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Oct 15 SP - 922 EP - 924 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 0014-4754, 0014-4754 KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Veratrum Alkaloids KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Facial Bones -- abnormalities KW - Skull -- abnormalities KW - Mesocricetus KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Cricetinae KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Veratrum Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Veratrum Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76050759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experientia&rft.atitle=Implication+of+C-5%2C+C-6+unsaturation+as+a+key+structural+factor+in+steroidal+alkaloid-induced+mammalian+teratogenesis.&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-10-15&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experientia&rft.issn=00144754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Covalent modification of a highly reactive and essential lysine residue of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase. AN - 76298574; 8029335 AB - Chemical modification of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase with water-soluble N-hydroxysuccinimide esters was used to identify a reactive lysyl residue that is essential for activity. Incubation of Rubisco activase with sulfosuccinimidyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate (AMCA-sulfo-NHS) or sulfosuccinimidyl-acetate (sulfo-NHS-acetate) caused progressive inactivation of ATPase activity and concomitant loss of the ability to activate Rubisco. AMCA-sulfo-NHS was the more potent inactivator of Rubisco activase, exhibiting a second-order rate constant for inactivation of 239 M-1 s-1 compared to 21 M-1 s-1 for sulfo-NHS-acetate. Inactivation of enzyme activity by AMCA-sulfo-NHS correlated with the incorporation of 1.9 mol of AMCA per mol of 42-kD Rubisco activase monomer. ADP, a competitive inhibitor of Rubisco activase, afforded considerable protection against inactivation of Rubisco activase and decreased the amount of AMCA incorporated into the Rubisco activase monomer. Sequence analysis of the major labeled peptide from AMCA-sulfo-NHS-modified enzyme showed that the primary site of modification was lysine-247 (K247) in the tetrapeptide methionine-glutamic acid-lysine-phenylalanine. Upon complete inactivation of ATPase activity, modification of K247 accounted for 1 mol of AMCA incorporated per mol of Rubisco activase monomer. Photoaffinity labeling of AMCA-sulfo-NHS- and sulfo-NHS-acetate-modified Rubisco activase with ATP analogs derivatized on either the adenine base or on the gamma-phosphate showed that K247 is not essential for the binding of adenine nucleotides per se. Instead, the data indicated that the essentiality of K247 is probably due to an involvement of this highly reactive, species-invariant residue in an obligatory interaction that occurs between the protein and the nucleotide phosphate during catalysis. JF - Plant physiology AU - Salvucci, M E AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0076, USA. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 501 EP - 508 VL - 103 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Affinity Labels KW - Coumarins KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Plant Proteins KW - Succinimides KW - rca protein, plant KW - sulfosuccinimidyl 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate KW - 152305-86-7 KW - sulfosuccinimidyl acetate KW - 152305-87-8 KW - Trypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.4 KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.39 KW - Lysine KW - K3Z4F929H6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Kinetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- isolation & purification KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Succinimides -- pharmacology KW - Affinity Labels -- pharmacology KW - Coumarins -- pharmacology KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- isolation & purification KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- metabolism KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76298574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Covalent+modification+of+a+highly+reactive+and+essential+lysine+residue+of+ribulose-1%2C5-bisphosphate+carboxylase%2Foxygenase+activase.&rft.au=Salvucci%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Salvucci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Jan;268(1):93-9 [2912385] EMBO J. 1990 Aug;9(8):2351-9 [2196171] Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Nov;15(11):430-4 [2126155] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4132-6 [2021604] J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15;266(14):8963-8 [1827441] Biochemistry. 1992 May 12;31(18):4479-87 [1581304] Methods Enzymol. 1983;91:613-33 [6304454] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 5;268(19):14239-44 [8314787] Bioconjug Chem. 1993 Jul-Aug;4(4):268-74 [8218483] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Jul 6;122(1):147-50 [5968169] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Biochemistry. 1980 Nov 11;19(23):5321-8 [6778504] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 1;298(2):688-96 [1416997] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity and erythrocytic abnormalities induced in broiler chicks by fumonisins B1 and B2 and moniliformin from Fusarium proliferatum. AN - 76271197; 8159217 AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from broiler chicks that had ingested feed amended with autoclaved Fusarium proliferatum culture material containing fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and moniliformin. Lymphocyte viability was determined for birds that were placed on amended rations at day 1 or day 7 of age at three different levels of mycotoxins, ranging from 61-546 ppm FB1, 14-94 ppm FB2 and 66-367 ppm moniliformin. Reduction of the tetrazolium salt, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], to yield MTT formazan, based on mitochondrial metabolic activity, was used to assess cell viability. Lymphocyte cytotoxic effects were observed in all treatment groups on day 21; chicks that started on amended feed at day 1 of age were affected more than those that started at day 7. Abnormal erythrocytes resembling early stages of erythroblasts were observed in peripheral blood from test chicks. Abnormally shaped red cells (poikilocytes) having a spindle-shape with one or both ends pointed were present. Some red cells appeared to be undergoing mitosis. Both reduced lymphocyte viability and abnormal erythrogenesis occurred in chicks given feed amended with F. proliferatum culture material containing FB1, FB2 and moniliformin. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Javed, T AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AU - Cote, L M AU - Buck, W B AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Peoria, IL. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 47 EP - 54 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Cell Survival KW - Chickens KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Erythrocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76271197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+cytotoxicity+and+erythrocytic+abnormalities+induced+in+broiler+chicks+by+fumonisins+B1+and+B2+and+moniliformin+from+Fusarium+proliferatum.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BJaved%2C+T%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BCote%2C+L+M%3BBuck%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogenic effects of selenium in natural populations of freshwater fish. AN - 76109543; 7504614 AB - The prevalence of abnormalities and associated tissue selenium residues were assessed for the fish population of Belews Lake, North Carolina, and two reference lakes in 1975, 1978, 1982, and 1992. Teratogenic defects identified included lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, and head, mouth, and fin deformities. Many fish exhibited multiple malformations and some were grossly deformed and distorted in appearance. Other abnormalities observed were edema, exophthalmus, and cataracts. Whole-body tissue residues of selenium in the fishes of Belews Lake were up to 130 times those in the reference lakes and the incidence of abnormalities was some 7 to 70 times greater. Teratogenic defects increased as selenium levels rose between 1975 and 1982 and fell with declining selenium levels between 1982 and 1992 as selenium inputs into Belews Lake were curtailed. The relationship between selenium residues and prevalence of malformations approximated an exponential function (R2 = 0.881, P < 0.01; cubic model) for centrarchids over the range of 1-80 micrograms/g dry wt selenium and 0-70% deformities. This relationship could be useful in evaluating the role of teratogenic effects in warm-water fish populations suspected of having selenium-related reproductive failure. Unique conditions may have existed in Belews Lake which led to the high frequency and persistence of deformities in juvenile and adult fish. In other, less-contaminated locations competition and predation may eliminate malformed individuals in all but the larval life stage. Teratogenesis could be an important, but easily overlooked phenomenon contributing to fishery reproductive failure in selenium-contaminated aquatic habitats. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 181 EP - 204 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Fishes -- physiology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76109543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+effects+of+selenium+in+natural+populations+of+freshwater+fish.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral toxicity and repellency of borates to German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). AN - 76107320; 8254135 AB - The oral toxicities of boric acid and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DSOBTH) in dry-mixed, wet-mixed, and water-based solution baits were determined for German cockroaches, Blattella germanica L., in choice and nonchoice experiments. In dry-mixed, nonchoice bait tests, all cockroaches died within 1 wk. Time to mortality decreased as the concentration of boric acid increased. The LT50s for DSOBTH were not significantly different for any concentrations tested. In choice tests, the order of LT50s of boric acid and DSOBTH were 6.25% = 12.5% > 25% = 50% and 25% > 12.5% > 50% > 25%, respectively. Consumption of treated and control baits and the differences between the LT50s of the nonchoice and choice tests indicate repellency of the toxicants. Most German cockroaches died in 3-6 d in wet-mixed nonchoice tests, but all cockroaches survived the wet-mixed choice tests except at the lowest concentration of boric acid. This result indicated repellency. In nonchoice tests with water-based solutions, all cockroaches died in 5 d. In choice tests with boric acid solutions, mortality did not increase at concentrations > 1%. Choice/nonchoice ratios indicate no repellency of water-based solutions. In addition, consumption of treated and blank solutions was not significantly different for any concentration except 4% DSOBTH. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Strong, C A AU - Koehler, P G AU - Patterson, R S AD - Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1458 EP - 1463 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Borates KW - 0 KW - Boric Acids KW - Insect Repellents KW - Insecticides KW - disodium octaborate tetrahydrate KW - 12008-41-2 KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Male KW - Cockroaches KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Borates -- administration & dosage KW - Boric Acids -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76107320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Oral+toxicity+and+repellency+of+borates+to+German+cockroaches+%28Dictyoptera%3A+Blattellidae%29.&rft.au=Strong%2C+C+A%3BKoehler%2C+P+G%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for a gene cluster involving trichothecene-pathway biosynthetic genes in Fusarium sporotrichioides. AN - 76091286; 8252637 AB - Two overlapping cosmid clones (Cos1-1 and Cos9-1) carrying the Tox5 gene were isolated from a library of F. sporotrichioides strain NRRL 3299 genomic DNA. These cosmids were used to transform three T-2 toxin-deficient mutants that are blocked at different steps in the trichothecene pathway. Both cosmids restored T-2 toxin production to Tox3-1- or Tox4-1- mutants but neither restored T-2 toxin production to a Tox1-2- mutant. The production of T-2 toxin by the complemented Tox3-1- and Tox4-1- mutants, as well as the production of diacetoxycirpenol by the cosmid-transformed Tox1-2- mutant, were 2- to 10-fold higher than in strain NRRL 3299. In addition, those transformants carrying Cos9-1 produced significantly higher levels of trichothecenes than transformants carrying Cos1-1. Two different DNA fragments (FSC13-9 and FSC14-5), representing the region of overlap between the cosmid clones, were isolated. These fragments specifically complemented either the Tox3-1- mutant (FSC14-5) or the Tox4-1- mutant (FSC13-9). The trichothecene-production phenotype of these transformants was similar to NRRL 3299. These results suggest that two or more genes involved in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes are closely linked to Tox5. JF - Current genetics AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AU - Desjardins, A E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 291 EP - 295 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - Tox5 KW - Trichothecenes KW - 0 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - T-2 Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - T-2 Toxin -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Multigene Family KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76091286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+genetics&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+gene+cluster+involving+trichothecene-pathway+biosynthetic+genes+in+Fusarium+sporotrichioides.&rft.au=Hohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Hohn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Tox5 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of 5-fluorouracil treatment of chicks: a cell depletion model for the study of avian polymorphonuclear leukocytes and natural host defenses. AN - 76019637; 8415360 AB - Two-week-old Leghorn chicks injected intravenously with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were found to have a three- to fivefold reduction (P < .05) in circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) 5 to 10 days later. The reduction in PMN was dose-dependent with a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight of 5-FU, causing suppression of PMN to almost undetectable levels. Increasing the dosage of 5-FU to 400 mg/kg had no further effect on reducing the number of PMN in the circulation nor were overt clinical signs of toxicity observed. Single per os administration of 10(6) viable Salmonella enteritidis (SE) to individual groups of chicks treated or not treated with 5-FU at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 days postinjection resulted in a two- to sixfold increase in the incidence of SE organ invasion (liver and spleen) beginning on Day 4 postinjection and continuing through Day 12 postinjection. The greatest increase in organ invasion occurred on Days 8 through 10 postinjection and was inversely proportional to the greatest reduction in the number of circulating PMN. Using 5-FU, a granulocytopenic chicken model was developed that can be used to study the defensive role of avian heterophils against infectious agents. The results from these preliminary experiments indicate that PMN play a significant role in reducing organ invasion by SE in Leghorn chicks. JF - Poultry science AU - Kogut, M H AU - Tellez, G AU - Hargis, B M AU - Corrier, D E AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1873 EP - 1880 VL - 72 IS - 10 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Depletion -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Fluorouracil -- administration & dosage KW - Fluorouracil -- adverse effects KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Poultry Diseases -- immunology KW - Poultry Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Agranulocytosis -- veterinary KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- immunology KW - Models, Biological KW - Agranulocytosis -- immunology KW - Agranulocytosis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76019637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+5-fluorouracil+treatment+of+chicks%3A+a+cell+depletion+model+for+the+study+of+avian+polymorphonuclear+leukocytes+and+natural+host+defenses.&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H%3BTellez%2C+G%3BHargis%2C+B+M%3BCorrier%2C+D+E%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin Reduction in Cotton Fibers: Effect of Flash Heating on Endotoxin Content, Fiber Physical Properties, and Processability AN - 754893172; 13497619 AB - Raw cotton fiber was heated by three processes ( metal plates, forced draft laboratory oven, and gas-fired pilot plant dryer) to compare their effect on endotoxin content of the fiber. To achieve about 90% reduction in endotoxin content, it was necessary to treat the cotton between the metal plates for 120 seconds at 215C (419F), in the forced draft oven for 60 seconds at 250C (482F), or in the pilot plant dryer for 15- 20 seconds at 250-255C (500F). Fabric could be knit from heated cotton despite reductions in fiber bundle tenacity and elongation and yarn tenacity caused by the heat treatment. Heat-induced discoloration could be eliminated by a desize / scour / bleach treatment of fabric knit from heated cotton. JF - Textile Research Journal AU - Rousselle, Marie-Alice AU - Domelsmith, Linda N AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, U.S.A Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - Oct 1993 SP - 595 EP - 603 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 63 IS - 10 SN - 0040-5175, 0040-5175 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endotoxins KW - Fabrics KW - Fibers KW - Metals KW - Elongation KW - Scours KW - Cotton KW - Textiles KW - Heat treatments KW - Bleaches KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754893172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+Reduction+in+Cotton+Fibers%3A+Effect+of+Flash+Heating+on+Endotoxin+Content%2C+Fiber+Physical+Properties%2C+and+Processability&rft.au=Rousselle%2C+Marie-Alice%3BDomelsmith%2C+Linda+N&rft.aulast=Rousselle&rft.aufirst=Marie-Alice&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.issn=00405175&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F004051759306301005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Endotoxins; Scours; Elongation; Metals; Fibers; Cotton; Textiles; Bleaches; Heat treatments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759306301005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies AN - 51064214; 1994-003688 JF - Environmental Geology (Berlin) AU - Toy, T J AU - Osterkamp, W R AU - Renard, K G Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - Springer International, Berlin VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - models KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - prediction KW - hydrogeology KW - geomorphology KW - regression analysis KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51064214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.atitle=Prediction+by+regression+and+intrarange+data+scatter+in+surface-process+studies&rft.au=Toy%2C+T+J%3BOsterkamp%2C+W+R%3BRenard%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Toy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/1432-0495/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; geomorphology; hydrogeology; models; prediction; regression analysis; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerated erosion by armored vehicles, Fort Carson AN - 50256500; 1994-023919 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Shepherd, Russell G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 119 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - hills KW - Pinyon Canyon KW - Gulf War KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - rills KW - rates KW - erosion features KW - Fort Carson KW - planning KW - streams KW - outcrops KW - gullies KW - Colorado KW - management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50256500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Accelerated+erosion+by+armored+vehicles%2C+Fort+Carson&rft.au=Shepherd%2C+Russell+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1993 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colorado; erosion; erosion features; Fort Carson; Gulf War; gullies; hills; management; outcrops; Pinyon Canyon; planning; rates; rills; sediment transport; streams; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil solution composition relative to mineral distribution in Blue Ridge Mountain soils AN - 50205501; 1995-001872 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Norfleet, M L AU - Karathanasis, A D AU - Smith, B R Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1375 EP - 1380 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - South Carolina KW - Ultisols KW - stability KW - Appalachians KW - mineral composition KW - Blue Ridge Mountains KW - Sumter National Forest KW - aluminum KW - Kanhapludults KW - oxides KW - gibbsite KW - soils KW - North America KW - temperate environment KW - kaolinite KW - weathering KW - clay minerals KW - metals KW - residence time KW - sheet silicates KW - vermiculite KW - northwestern South Carolina KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - transformations KW - leaching KW - pore water KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50205501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+solution+composition+relative+to+mineral+distribution+in+Blue+Ridge+Mountain+soils&rft.au=Norfleet%2C+M+L%3BKarathanasis%2C+A+D%3BSmith%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Norfleet&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - SuppNotes - University of Kentucky Agric. Exp. Stn. Technical Contrib. No. 92-3-162 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aluminum; Appalachians; Blue Ridge Mountains; clay minerals; gibbsite; Kanhapludults; kaolinite; leaching; metals; mineral composition; mixed-layer minerals; North America; northwestern South Carolina; oxides; pore water; residence time; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; South Carolina; stability; Sumter National Forest; temperate environment; transformations; Ultisols; United States; vermiculite; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro rearing of Bracon mellitor and Catolaccus grandis with artificial diets devoid of insect components AN - 902355490; 14665813 AB - Bracon mellitor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Catolaccus grandis Burks (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), ectoparasitoids of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were reared in vitro for the first time on artificial diets devoid of insect components. The duration of the life cycles from egg to adult when these parasitoids were reared in vivo on boll weevil larvae, on semi-artificial diets retained with cotton fabric pads, or on diets with low agar concentrations (0.7%) were ca. 15.5, 16.5, and 15.0 days, for B. mellitor and 16.0, 17.5, and 15.5 days, respectively, for C. grandis. Percent adult emergence obtained with the same treatments was 58, 25, and 65 percent, for B. mellitor and 50, 28, and 60 percent, respectively, for C. grandis. Adult morphological characteristics and mating appeared normal. Male to female sex ratios were ca. 45:55 for both species. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Guerra, Antonio A AU - Robacker, Karen M AU - Martinez, Susana AD - USDA, ARS, BCPRU, 2413 East Highway 83 Weslaco, TX 78538, USA Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - Sep 1993 SP - 303 EP - 307 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agar KW - Artificial diets KW - Cotton KW - Fabrics KW - Mating KW - Nutrient deficiency KW - Parasitoids KW - Sex ratio KW - Bracon mellitor KW - Braconidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902355490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=In+vitro+rearing+of+Bracon+mellitor+and+Catolaccus+grandis+with+artificial+diets+devoid+of+insect+components&rft.au=Guerra%2C+Antonio+A%3BRobacker%2C+Karen+M%3BMartinez%2C+Susana&rft.aulast=Guerra&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1570-7458.1993.tb01717.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Mating; Agar; Nutrient deficiency; Cotton; Sex ratio; Artificial diets; Parasitoids; Bracon mellitor; Catolaccus grandis; Anthonomus grandis; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Braconidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01717.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a multispecies identification field test by modified agar-gel immunodiffusion. AN - 76046815; 8241808 AB - A multispecies identification field test (MULTI-SIFT) was developed for detection of beef, poultry, pork, sheep, horse, and deer in a wide variety of raw meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for detection of single species. MULTI-SIFT was demonstrated to be specific, relatively sensitive, and accurate in the complete speciation of 100 meat samples. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Cutufelli, M E AU - Mageau, R P AU - Schwab, B AU - Johnston, R W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Medical Microbiology Branch, Beltsville, MD 20705. PY - 1993 SP - 1022 EP - 1026 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Horses KW - Species Specificity KW - Deer KW - Cross Reactions KW - Immunodiffusion -- methods KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76046815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+multispecies+identification+field+test+by+modified+agar-gel+immunodiffusion.&rft.au=Cutufelli%2C+M+E%3BMageau%2C+R+P%3BSchwab%2C+B%3BJohnston%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Cutufelli&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of naturally occurring mycotoxins in feedstuffs and food. AN - 75991829; 8407669 AB - Aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and their respective metabolites require specific procedures for their determination because of their diverse chemistry and occurrence in complex matrices of feedstuffs and foods. Major sources of error in the analysis of these mycotoxins arise from inadequate sampling and inefficient extraction and cleanup procedures. The determinative step in the assay for each of these toxins is sensitive to levels below those that are considered detrimental to humans and animals. Aflatoxins can be determined in grains and animal fluids and tissues by TLC, HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and ELISA procedures. Zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, can readily be determined in cereal grains and foods by HPLC (50 ng/g) and by TLC (300 ng/g). No incurred levels of zearalenone or its metabolites have been detected in animal tissues destined for human consumption. Deoxynivalenol can be determined in wheat and corn at 300 ng/g by a rapid TLC procedure and at 325 ng/g by a GC method. Although not tested collaboratively, an HPLC procedure and an ELISA screening procedure are capable of detecting deoxynivalenol at low (nanograms/gram) levels in feedstuffs and foods. The recently characterized fumonisins can be detected by TLC, HPLC, and GC-MS at levels below those now considered harmful. Thin-layer chromatography and HPLC (with fluorescence detection of derivatives) procedures can detect fumonisins at approximately 100 ng/g; GC-MS is required for detection at lower levels. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Richard, J L AU - Bennett, G A AU - Ross, P F AU - Nelson, P E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 2563 EP - 2574 VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75991829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+naturally+occurring+mycotoxins+in+feedstuffs+and+food.&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRoss%2C+P+F%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary chromium supplementation with or without somatotropin treatment alters serum hormones and metabolites in growing pigs without affecting growth performance. AN - 75938051; 8360776 AB - Twenty-four castrated male pigs were used in a 2 x 2 treatment array to determine the main effects of and interactions between dietary chromium supplementation and pituitary porcine somatotropin (ppST) administration on growth performance and serum hormone and metabolite concentrations. The treatments were 1) control (basal diet); 2) chromium (basal diet+300 micrograms/kg diet added trivalent chromium as chromium picolinate); 3) ppST (100 micrograms/(kg body wt.d); and 4) chromium+ppST. Treatments were administered when pigs weighed between 30 and 60 kg. Blood was collected when pigs weighted 45 and 60 kg. All pigs treated with ppST exhibited improvements in growth performance (P < 0.05). Pigs given chromium showed no improvements in growth rate, feed efficiency or composition of gain. Measurements at 60 kg body weight revealed that ppST increased the cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio (P < 0.05). Chromium lowered serum insulin and glucose concentrations relative to controls (P < 0.05) and normalized the increase in glucose and insulin resulting from ppST treatment. No ppST x chromium interactions were noted, suggesting these changes in glucose and insulin metabolism are exerted through different mechanisms. These results indicate that chromium does not affect growth performance of young growing pigs. Chromium does normalize altered hormone and metabolite concentrations resulting from ppST treatment. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Evock-Clover, C M AU - Polansky, M M AU - Anderson, R A AU - Steele, N C AD - Nonruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 1504 EP - 1512 VL - 123 IS - 9 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Hormones KW - Insulin KW - Picolinic Acids KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I KW - 67763-96-6 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - picolinic acid KW - QZV2W997JQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Interactions KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- analysis KW - Blood Glucose -- analysis KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Animal Feed KW - Heart -- anatomy & histology KW - Food, Fortified KW - Time Factors KW - Body Composition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Growth Hormone -- blood KW - Growth Hormone -- administration & dosage KW - Hormones -- blood KW - Diet KW - Swine -- blood KW - Picolinic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Picolinic Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75938051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+chromium+supplementation+with+or+without+somatotropin+treatment+alters+serum+hormones+and+metabolites+in+growing+pigs+without+affecting+growth+performance.&rft.au=Evock-Clover%2C+C+M%3BPolansky%2C+M+M%3BAnderson%2C+R+A%3BSteele%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Evock-Clover&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of carbadox, copper, or Yucca shidigera extract on growth performance and visceral weight of young pigs. AN - 75961218; 8376238 AB - Two identical trials, each with 128 crossbred weanling barrows (6.8 +/- .2 and 7.6 +/- .2 kg for Trials 1 and 2, respectively), were conducted. In each trial, pigs were allowed to consume ad libitum a 16% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet (B), B + 55 ppm of carbadox, B + 250 ppm of copper (Cu), or B + 125 ppm of Yucca shidigera extract for 56 d (four pens/diet; eight pigs/pen). At d 56 of the test, eight pigs/diet (two pigs/pen) were slaughtered for carcass and viscera measurements. Data of carbadox treatment in Trial 1 are excluded from this paper because of an error in mixing of the diet. In Trial 1, during the test period from d 0 to 28, pigs fed Cu had greater (P .05) compared with those fed B. During the period from 29 to 56 d, ADG was similar among pigs fed different diets (P > .05) but ADFI was affected (P Cu > B). No differences (P > .05) among diets were detected for gain/feed (G/F) and visceral weights expressed as a percentage of slaughter BW. In Trial 2, during the first 28 d, the ADG, ADFI, and G/F responses of pigs to Cu, yucca extract, and B were similar to those observed in Trial 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Yen, J T AU - Pond, W G AD - R. L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 2140 EP - 2146 VL - 71 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Carbadox KW - M2X04R2E2Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Intestine, Small -- growth & development KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Random Allocation KW - Food, Fortified KW - Intestine, Small -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Carbadox -- pharmacology KW - Viscera -- drug effects KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Viscera -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75961218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+carbadox%2C+copper%2C+or+Yucca+shidigera+extract+on+growth+performance+and+visceral+weight+of+young+pigs.&rft.au=Yen%2C+J+T%3BPond%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Yen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize bronze 1:dSpm insertion mutations that are not fully suppressed by an active Spm. AN - 75957704; 8397136 AB - The Suppressor-mutator (Spm) family of maize transposable elements consists of autonomous Spm elements and nonautonomous defective Spm (dSpm) elements. One characteristic of this family is that the insertion of dSpm elements into a structural gene often permits some level of structural gene expression in the absence of SpM activity, and this structural gene expression is suppressed in trans by Spm activity. The Spm's subterminal repetitive regions (SRRs) contain several iterations of a 12-bp repeat motif. It had been proposed that binding of an Spm-encoded protein to these repeat motifs blocks structural gene transcriptional readthrough, thus suppressing gene expression. The bz-m13 allele of the bronze 1 locus contains a 2.24-kb dSpm insertion in the second exon of a Bz allele. In the absence of Spm activity, bz-m13 displays substantial Bz expression, and this expression is fully suppressed by Spm. Four intra-dSpm deletion derivatives are described in which this Bz expression is only partially suppressed by Spm. Each of these derivatives retains at least 12 SRR repeat motifs. Thus the presence of these repeat motifs is not sufficient to guarantee complete suppression by Spm. Some other property such as secondary structure or element size must play a role. JF - Genetics AU - Bunkers, G AU - Nelson, O E AU - Raboy, V AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1211 EP - 1220 VL - 134 IS - 4 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Glucosyltransferases KW - EC 2.4.1.- KW - flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.1.91 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - Biological Evolution KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - Glucosyltransferases -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Suppression, Genetic KW - Zea mays -- enzymology KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75957704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Maize+bronze+1%3AdSpm+insertion+mutations+that+are+not+fully+suppressed+by+an+active+Spm.&rft.au=Bunkers%2C+G%3BNelson%2C+O+E%3BRaboy%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bunkers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochem Genet. 1977 Feb;15(1-2):153-6 [849249] Biochem Genet. 1977 Jun;15(5-6):509-19 [880210] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4783-7 [2991894] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5863-7 [3039512] Genetics. 1987 Sep;117(1):117-37 [2822531] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Sep 26;16(18):8887-903 [3174435] Basic Life Sci. 1988;47:261-78 [2845913] EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4045-53 [2854053] Gene. 1989 Oct 15;82(1):127-33 [2555263] EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2029-35 [2162760] Genes Dev. 1990 Apr;4(4):559-66 [2163342] EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3051-7 [2170105] Plant Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;21(2):355-62 [8093849] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Excess dietary vitamin B-6 alters startle behavior of rats. AN - 75860110; 8336216 AB - Excessive intakes of vitamin B-6 can produce peripheral nervous system abnormalities, but few reports of central nervous system effects exist. We measured startle response, a central nervous system reflex, in rats fed excess pyridoxine to determine if subtle effects on central nervous system function could be detected. Female Long-Evans rats (218 g; n = 12) were fed either 1, 10, 100, 200 or 300 times the requirement of pyridoxine HCl (7 mg/kg) for 7 wk. Startle behavior was assessed weekly in chambers that allowed quantification of movement in response to stimuli. Food intake and body weights did not differ among groups (P > 0.1), and urinary vitamin B-6 excretion reflected intake (P < 0.001). Overt toxicity was not observed. There was a marginally significant effect of pyridoxine intake over time (P = 0.053) on the amplitude of response to a startling acoustic stimulus (117 dB, 40 ms) administered alone; the response appeared attenuated at the three highest pyridoxine concentrations. When the same stimulus was preceded by either a 70- or 75-dB prepulse (40 ms), responses of groups fed the two highest pyridoxine concentrations were significantly reduced relative to those fed the two lowest concentrations (P < 0.05). No effect of diet was seen with a startling tactile stimulus. Changes in central nervous system function were detected in rats fed excess vitamin B-6 using techniques of startle behavior measurement. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Schaeffer, M C AD - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1444 EP - 1452 VL - 123 IS - 8 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Pyridoxine KW - KV2JZ1BI6Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Diet KW - Touch KW - Female KW - Brain Stem -- drug effects KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Pyridoxine -- administration & dosage KW - Pyridoxine -- toxicity KW - Brain Stem -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75860110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Excess+dietary+vitamin+B-6+alters+startle+behavior+of+rats.&rft.au=Schaeffer%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Schaeffer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of Marek's disease virus recombinants expressing the Escherichia coli gpt gene. AN - 75852671; 8393240 AB - We developed a positive selection method for recovering Marek's disease virus (MDV) recombinants. The Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (gpt), under the control of the major immediate-early promoter from cytomegalovirus, was inserted into the inverted repeats flanking the unique long (UL) region of a non-pathogenic serotype 2 MDV strain 281MI/1. In a second demonstration of the usefulness of the positive selection system, the gpt gene was inserted into the inverted repeats flanking the unique short (US) region of the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) strain FC126. The targeted insertion site in 281MI/1 was in a previously established nonessential site for virus replication. The targeted insertion site for FC126, at the junction of the UL and US regions, is a nonessential site for in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus. Recombinant viruses were easily selected by incubating the transfected cells in mycophenolic acid (MPA)-containing medium. Purification of recombinants resulted from a series of trypsinization and sonication steps combined with the culturing of virus in MPA-containing medium to inhibit wild-type virus replication. This simple technique for recovering MDV and HVT recombinants should increase the efficiency of identifying nonessential sites and gene function analysis by insertional mutagenesis. JF - Virology AU - Marshall, D R AU - Reilly, J D AU - Liu, X AU - Silva, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, Michigan 48823. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 638 EP - 648 VL - 195 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - gpt KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - 0 KW - Pentosyltransferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.22 KW - Mycophenolic Acid KW - HU9DX48N0T KW - Index Medicus KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Mycophenolic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Pentosyltransferases -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- metabolism KW - Pentosyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75852671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Selection+of+Marek%27s+disease+virus+recombinants+expressing+the+Escherichia+coli+gpt+gene.&rft.au=Marshall%2C+D+R%3BReilly%2C+J+D%3BLiu%2C+X%3BSilva%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - gpt N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wave damage to floodwater retarding dams, the Soil Conservation Service perspective AN - 52825830; 1996-057760 JF - Miscellaneous Paper W (Vicksburg, Miss.) AU - Barkemeyer, O'Gene W A2 - Allen, Hollis H. A2 - Tingle, John L. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 60 EP - 62 PB - U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS KW - controls KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - waves KW - dams KW - floods KW - damage KW - shorelines KW - economics KW - interpretation KW - construction KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52825830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.atitle=Wave+damage+to+floodwater+retarding+dams%2C+the+Soil+Conservation+Service+perspective&rft.au=Barkemeyer%2C+O%27Gene+W&rft.aulast=Barkemeyer&rft.aufirst=O%27Gene&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers workshop on Reservoir shoreline erosion; a national problem N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03371 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction; controls; damage; dams; economics; erosion; floods; geologic hazards; interpretation; shorelines; waves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Planting techniques for vegetating shorelines and riparian areas AN - 52824397; 1996-057766 JF - Miscellaneous Paper W (Vicksburg, Miss.) AU - Hoag, J Chris AU - Short, Harold AU - Green, Wes A2 - Allen, Hollis H. A2 - Tingle, John L. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 114 EP - 124 PB - U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS KW - controls KW - erosion KW - reclamation KW - shorelines KW - vegetation KW - construction KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52824397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.atitle=Planting+techniques+for+vegetating+shorelines+and+riparian+areas&rft.au=Hoag%2C+J+Chris%3BShort%2C+Harold%3BGreen%2C+Wes&rft.aulast=Hoag&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers workshop on Reservoir shoreline erosion; a national problem N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03371 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction; controls; design; erosion; reclamation; shorelines; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The soil survey as paradigm-based science; discussion AN - 50306810; 1993-041086 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Swanson, David K Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1164 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - paradigms KW - philosophy KW - classification KW - mapping KW - landscapes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50306810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=The+soil+survey+as+paradigm-based+science%3B+discussion&rft.au=Swanson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Hudson, B. D., Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 56, p. 836-841, 1992 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; landscapes; mapping; paradigms; philosophy; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nitrous oxide on nickel deprivation in rats. AN - 75984257; 7691130 AB - Because nickel may have a biological function in a pathway in which vitamin B12 is important, an experiment was performed to determine the effects of nitrous oxide exposure in rats deprived of nickel. Exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) causes inactivation of cobalamin and a subsequent decrease in the vitamin B12-dependent enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonyl CoA mutase. Rats were assigned to dietary groups of 12 in a factorially arranged experiment with dietary variables of nickel (0 or 1 microgram/g) and vitamin B12 (0 or 50 ng/g). After 6 wk, one-half of the rats from each dietary group were exposed to 50% N2O/50% O2 for 90 min/d for the last 28 d of the experiment. Vitamin B12, N2O, or their interaction had numerous effects; classical findings included N2O-induced reduction in plasma vitamin B12 and decreases in the vitamin B12-dependent enzymes. Inactivation of vitamin B12 by N2O, however, did not exacerbate signs of nickel deprivation, possibly because the rats were able to metabolically compensate to N2O exposure. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Uthus, E O AU - Poellot, R A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 35 EP - 46 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Index Medicus KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Vitamin B 12 Deficiency -- chemically induced KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Rats KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Diet KW - Growth -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Vitamin B 12 -- metabolism KW - Vitamin B 12 -- blood KW - Nitrous Oxide -- pharmacology KW - Nickel -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75984257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nitrous+oxide+on+nickel+deprivation+in+rats.&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O%3BPoellot%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin receptor and C/EBP regulate the function of the glutathione S-transferase Ya gene xenobiotic response element. AN - 75841269; 8391636 AB - The rat glutathione S-transferase Ya gene xenobiotic response element (XRE) has both constitutive and xenobiotic-inducible activity. We present evidence that the XRE is regulated by both the constitutive C/EBP transcription factor and the xenobiotic-activated dioxin receptor. A ligand-activated XRE-binding protein was shown to be dioxin receptor by specific antibody immunodepletion and binding of highly purified receptor. Identification of C/EBP alpha as the constitutive binding protein was demonstrated by competition with a C/EBP binding site, protein-DNA cross-linking to determine the molecular weight of the constitutive protein(s), specific antibody immunodepletion, and binding of purified bacterially expressed C/EBP alpha. Mutational analysis of the XRE revealed that the constitutive factor (C/EBP alpha) shares a nearly identical overlapping binding site with the dioxin receptor. In functional testing of the putative C/EBP-XRE interaction, cotransfected C/EBP alpha activated an XRE test promoter in the non-xenobiotic-responsive HeLa cell line. Unexpectedly, cotransfected C/EBP alpha had no effect on basal activity but significantly increased the xenobiotic response of the XRE test promoter in the xenobiotic-responsive, C/EBP-positive HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, inhibition of C/EBP-binding protein(s) in HepG2 cells by transfection of C/EBP oligonucleotides suppressed the xenobiotic response. These results suggest that C/EBP alpha and dioxin receptor recognize the same DNA sequence element and that transcriptional regulation can occur by cooperative interactions between these two transcription factors. JF - Molecular and cellular biology AU - Pimental, R A AU - Liang, B AU - Yee, G K AU - Wilhelmsson, A AU - Poellinger, L AU - Paulson, K E AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 4365 EP - 4373 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 0270-7306, 0270-7306 KW - Ya KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Receptors, Drug KW - Xenobiotics KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - HeLa Cells KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line KW - Receptors, Drug -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Nuclear Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75841269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.atitle=Dioxin+receptor+and+C%2FEBP+regulate+the+function+of+the+glutathione+S-transferase+Ya+gene+xenobiotic+response+element.&rft.au=Pimental%2C+R+A%3BLiang%2C+B%3BYee%2C+G+K%3BWilhelmsson%2C+A%3BPoellinger%2C+L%3BPaulson%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Pimental&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.issn=02707306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Ya N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genes Dev. 1988 Jul;2(7):786-800 [2850264] Genes Dev. 1991 Sep;5(9):1538-52 [1840554] Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1681-8 [2494700] Genes Dev. 1989 Jun;3(6):760-9 [2744462] Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:743-64 [2673020] EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):69-76 [2153080] Genes Dev. 1989 Sep;3(9):1314-22 [2558052] J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 5;265(4):2269-77 [2153679] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):1841-52 [2325638] Cell. 1990 May 4;61(3):497-504 [2159384] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3826-30 [2160079] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1990;30:251-77 [2188570] J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 5;265(16):9251-8 [2160969] Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):771-4 [2202050] Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1266-72 [2119054] Cell. 1990 Nov 2;63(3):643-53 [2171780] J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20708-12 [2173716] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6408-16 [2174107] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;11(1):401-11 [1986235] Cell. 1991 Feb 8;64(3):565-72 [1846780] Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):954-8 [1852076] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jun;11(6):3379-83 [2038339] Genes Dev. 1991 Sep;5(9):1553-67 [1884998] Genes Dev. 1991 Oct;5(10):1754-66 [1655570] Cell. 1991 Nov 1;67(3):569-79 [1934061] Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1251-66 [1662118] Genes Dev. 1992 Mar;6(3):439-53 [1547942] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1708-18 [1312668] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1856-63 [1312672] J Biol Chem. 1992 Apr 5;267(10):6874-8 [1313025] Science. 1992 Apr 17;256(5055):370-3 [1314426] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):246-53 [1314586] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 May;12(5):2115-23 [1314949] Genes Dev. 1992 Jun;6(6):991-1004 [1592265] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 1;89(11):4811-5 [1317573] J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 5;267(16):11111-9 [1597449] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;12(7):3070-7 [1620116] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8185-9 [1325649] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jan;13(1):677-89 [8380231] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8044-8 [3464941] Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1759-64 [3289117] Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):350-3 [2838908] Cell. 1988 Jul 29;54(3):313-23 [3396073] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):5859-63 [3413062] Nature. 1988 Nov 17;336(6196):262-5 [2848197] Mol Toxicol. 1989 Oct-Dec;2(4):215-35 [2490978] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Sep;11(9):4314-23 [1652054] Nature. 1989 Apr 13;338(6216):585-7 [2648160] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Longitudinal Analysis of Factors Influencing Increased Technology Adoption in Swaziland, 1985-1991 AN - 61345307; 9410546 AB - Socioeconomic factors related to farm-level adoption of agricultural technology in Swaziland are examined using data on tractor plow, basal fertilizer, & topdress fertilizer adoption collected in 1985-1991 in 3 separate surveys of 85 households. Farm size, farm labor, output prices, capital availability, education, risk & uncertainty, & draft animal ownership were found to impact adoption of some technology. Other significant findings include: (1) increased labor availability was positively related to increased adoption of all 3 technologies; (2) level of off-farm income was associated with adoption of tractor plowing & use of basal fertilizer; (3) larger farm size was associated with greater use of basal & topdress fertilizers; & (4) reduced objective risk &, thus, greater expectations of output levels, were associated with greater adoption of technology. 4 Tables. D. Generoli JF - Journal of Developing Areas AU - Shields, Martin L AU - Rauniyar, Ganesh P AU - Goode, Frank M AD - Resource & Technology Division Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 14th St & Independence Ave SW Washington DC 20250-0001 Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 469 EP - 484 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0022-037X, 0022-037X KW - agricultural technology, farm-level adoption, Swaziland KW - socioeconomic factors KW - 1985-1991 household surveys KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Farms KW - Swaziland KW - Agricultural Technology KW - Adoption of Innovations KW - article KW - 1772: sociology of science; sociology of technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61345307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Developing+Areas&rft.atitle=A+Longitudinal+Analysis+of+Factors+Influencing+Increased+Technology+Adoption+in+Swaziland%2C+1985-1991&rft.au=Shields%2C+Martin+L%3BRauniyar%2C+Ganesh+P%3BGoode%2C+Frank+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Developing+Areas&rft.issn=0022037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JDARB4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural Technology; Farms; Swaziland; Socioeconomic Factors; Adoption of Innovations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved suction apparatus for plating clay specimens onto ceramic tiles AN - 50336262; 1993-023546 AB - The apparatus is pictured and sketched, and its use is described. JF - Journal of Sedimentary Petrology AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Grissinger, E H AU - Bigham, J M Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 763 EP - 765 PB - Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4472, 0022-4472 KW - clay KW - sample preparation KW - clastic sediments KW - suction apparatus KW - sediments KW - X-ray analysis KW - techniques KW - plating KW - ceramic tiles KW - instruments KW - X-ray diffraction analysis KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50336262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sedimentary+Petrology&rft.atitle=An+improved+suction+apparatus+for+plating+clay+specimens+onto+ceramic+tiles&rft.au=Rhoton%2C+F+E%3BGrissinger%2C+E+H%3BBigham%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Rhoton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sedimentary+Petrology&rft.issn=00224472&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSEPAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ceramic tiles; clastic sediments; clay; instruments; plating; sample preparation; sediments; suction apparatus; techniques; X-ray analysis; X-ray diffraction analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Conservation Reserve Program: Status, Future, and Policy Options AN - 19166026; 9309601 AB - After Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contracts expire, annual rental payments made by USDA to CRP participants will end and producers will decide the next use of their land. Most CRP acres will either be planted to crops, depending largely on commodity market conditions, placed in annual acreage set-asides, kept in grass for livestock production, or left idle. Land first placed in the CRP will be available for crop production or other uses starting in late 1995. The expiration of CRP contracts raises concerns over the extent of conservation, wildlife and environmental reversals that will occur, particularly if commodity markets are favorable in 1996 and 1997. While the conservation compliance provision of farm legislation will not prevent much CRP land from returning to production, it will moderate increases in soil erosion and onsite productivity losses on most CRP land that is recropped. However, the effectiveness of conservation compliance in protecting water quality is unclear, and it will do little to maintain wildlife habitat benefits currently provided by CRP. Keeping all CRP land under contract currently costs nearly two billion dollars each year. Adoption of something similar to the bid acceptance procedure used for the post-1990 CRP signups offers promise for targeting CRP land under whatever post-contract program Congress might enact. (Brunone-PTT) JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation JSWCA3, Vol. 48, No. 4, p 271-278, July/August 1993. 5 fig, 2 tab, 2 ref. AU - Osborn, T AD - USDA Economic Research Service, Washington DC Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Agriculture KW - *Conservation Reserve Program KW - *Economic aspects KW - *Environmental protection KW - *Erosion control KW - *Federal jurisdiction KW - *Regulations KW - *Soil conservation KW - Contracts KW - Costs KW - Soil erosion KW - Water quality KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19166026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Conservation+Reserve+Program%3A+Status%2C+Future%2C+and+Policy+Options&rft.au=Osborn%2C+T&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage Sludge Proteins: I. Extraction Methodology AN - 19152959; 9309718 AB - The extraction and quantitation of sewage sludge proteins is a prerequisite to evaluating their role as labile C and N sources in sludge-amended soil. Extraction methodology was developed for the routine quantitation of sewage sludge proteins. Seven sewage sludges were obtained and prepared by oven drying at 55 C followed by extensive grinding and mixing to produce homogenous samples. Proteins were extracted using H2O, 10% (v/v) Triton X-100 (a non-ionic detergent), and 1 M NaOH, and they were analyzed using the Lowry protein assay with bovine serum albumin standards. Protein contents of extracts ranged from (in g/kg, dry wt. basis): (1) H2O, 1.3 to 24; (2) 10% Triton X-100, 3.6 to 59; and (3) 1 M NaOH, 53 to 280. Water and detergent-extractable proteins were less than, and base-extractable proteins were within, literature values reported for total sludge proteins. The coefficients of variation (CV) for each extractant and all sludges were, with one exception, below 6%. The three methodologies provided precise and reproducible data for the extraction of sewage sludge proteins. The detergent extraction procedure is recommended for routine use because of its shorter extraction time. (See also W93-09719) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Quality JEVQAA, Vol. 22, No. 3, p 620-624, July/September 1993. 3 tab, 34 ref. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. 15-2924. AU - Lerch, R N AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Azari, P AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Analytical methods KW - *Land disposal KW - *Proteins KW - *Sludge analysis KW - *Sludge disposal KW - Carbon KW - Detergents KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrient sources KW - Reproducibility KW - Sample preparation KW - Separation techniques KW - Soil amendments KW - Solvent extraction KW - Variation coefficient KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sewage+Sludge+Proteins%3A+I.+Extraction+Methodology&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BAzari%2C+P%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage Sludge Proteins: II. Extract Characterization AN - 19146068; 9309719 AB - The characterization of sewage sludge proteins is necessary to better understand their degradation by microbial populations when sludges are utilized for land application. The molecular weights of extractable sewage sludge proteins were characterized by dialysis partitioning and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) separation. Sewage sludges obtained from seven municipalities were extracted using H2O and 1 M NaOH followed by purification and concentration to facilitate molecular weight determinations. Dialysis partitioning of proteins showed that the majority of these compounds had molecular weights <14,000 (i.e., they were not retained by dialysis membrane). The separation of proteins by PAGE also showed that the bulk of H2O and 1 M NaOH soluble proteins were of low molecular weight ( <17,000). This indicated considerable proteolysis during waste treatment processing. Thus, the extractable sludge proteins appeared to be primarily polypeptides and oligopeptides rather than intact proteins. Based on these findings, sludge proteinaceous materials would be expected to degrade rapidly in soil due to the many soil microorganisms capable of utilizing protein degradation products. (See also W93-09718) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Quality JEVQAA, Vol. 22, No. 3, p 625-629, July/September 1993. 6 fig, 1 tab, 23 ref. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. 15-2924. AU - Lerch, R N AU - Azari, P AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Analytical methods KW - *Land disposal KW - *Sludge analysis KW - *Sludge disposal KW - *Solvent extraction KW - Dialysis KW - Microbial degradation KW - Molecular weight KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Peptides KW - Proteins KW - Sample preparation KW - Separation techniques KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19146068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sewage+Sludge+Proteins%3A+II.+Extract+Characterization&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BAzari%2C+P%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction between Aluminum Toxicity and Calcium Uptake at the Root Apex in Near-Isogenic Lines of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Differing in Aluminum Tolerance. AN - 1859379135; 12231883 AB - Aluminum (Al) is toxic to plants at pH < 5.0 and can begin to inhibit root growth within 3 h in solution experiments. The mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Disruption of calcium (Ca) uptake by Al has long been considered a possible cause of toxicity, and recent work with wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thell) has demonstrated that Ca uptake at the root apex in an Al-sensitive cultivar (Scout 66) was inhibited more than in a tolerant cultivar (Atlas 66) (J.W. Huang, J.E. Shaff, D.L. Grunes, L.V. Kochian [1992] Plant Physiol 98: 230-237). We investigated this interaction further in wheat by measuring root growth and Ca uptake in three separate pairs of near-isogenic lines within which plants exhibit differential sensitivity to Al. The vibrating calcium-selective microelectrode technique was used to estimate net Ca uptake at the root apex of 6-d-old seedlings. Following the addition of 20 or 50 [mu]M AlCl3, exchange of Ca for Al in the root apoplasm caused a net Ca efflux from the root for up to 10 min. After 40 min of exposure to 50 [mu]M Al, cell wall exchange had ceased, and Ca uptake in the Al-sensitive plants of the near-isogenic lines was inhibited, whereas in the tolerant plants it was either unaffected or stimulated. This provides a general correlation between the inhibition of growth by Al and the reduction in Ca influx and adds some support to the hypothesis that a Ca/Al interaction may be involved in the primary mechanism of Al toxicity in roots. In some treatments, however, Al was able to inhibit root growth significantly without affecting net Ca influx. This suggests that the correlation between inhibition of Ca uptake and the reduction in root growth may not be a mechanistic association. The inhibition of Ca uptake by Al is discussed, and we speculate about possible mechanisms of tolerance. JF - Plant physiology AU - Ryan, P. R. AU - Kochian, L. V. AD - United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 975 EP - 982 VL - 102 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859379135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Interaction+between+Aluminum+Toxicity+and+Calcium+Uptake+at+the+Root+Apex+in+Near-Isogenic+Lines+of+Wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum+L.%29+Differing+in+Aluminum+Tolerance.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+P.+R.%3BKochian%2C+L.+V.&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue recovery at PPB levels of 10 nitrosamines from frankfurters by supercritical fluid extraction. AN - 75878626; 8394373 AB - The design of a laboratory-assembled supercritical fluid extractor is described for the efficient recovery of volatile nitrosamines from a common-cured meat product, frankfurters. The principal feature of the apparatus was a newly designed restrictor-collector interface where a commercial solid-phase extraction cartridge was directly attached to the micrometering valve. This reduced the path length between the discharge tube and the 1 g silica gel sorbent bed. The elapsed time for each 2.5 g sample extraction with supercritical CO2 was 17 min. The nitrosamines were separated and detected using a gas-chromatographic chemiluminescence (Thermal Energy Analyzer, Thermedics, Inc.; Woburn, MA) system. Recovery of 10 volatile aliphatic and alicyclic nitrosamines from frankfurters, fortified at the 20 ppb level, ranged from 84.3 to 104.8% with relative standard deviation of 2.34 to 6.13%. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Maxwell, R J AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 212 EP - 215 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Nitrosamines KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Silica Gel KW - 60650-90-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Volatilization KW - Pressure KW - Nitrosamines -- isolation & purification KW - Meat Products -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75878626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+recovery+at+PPB+levels+of+10+nitrosamines+from+frankfurters+by+supercritical+fluid+extraction.&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+R+J%3BPensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Melatonin and pineal neurochemicals in steers grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue: effects of metoclopramide. AN - 75846644; 8392046 AB - Plasma and pineal melatonin (MEL) and selected pineal neurochemicals (5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) associated with MEL synthesis were determined in steers grazing Acremonium coenophialum (endophyte)-infected 'Kentucky-31' tall fescue paddocks. Paddock treatments included low (LE, 33%) or high (HE, 74%) endophyte at either low (134 kg.ha-1 x yr-1, LN) or high (335 kg.ha-1 x yr-1, HN) nitrogen fertilization. Twelve pairs of yearling Angus steers were randomly assigned to three replications of the paddock treatments (LEHN, HEHN, LELN, and HELN). One steer in each of the 12 paddocks received per os either a dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (MC; 15 mg/kg), or sucrose (S; 15 mg/kg) three times weekly for 10 wk. Blood was collected via jugular cannulas during the day and night for plasma MEL analysis and pineal glands were collected at termination. Day and night plasma MEL in the S/HEHN steers was reduced by 31.7 and 35.4% (P < .05), respectively, compared with that in S/LEHN steers. Mean night plasma MEL in the S/HELN steers was reduced by 26.7% (P < .05) compared with that in S/LELN steers. Metoclopramide reduced mean day and night plasma MEL by 22.9 and 38.3% (P < .05), respectively, in the LEHN steers and increased night MEL in the HELN animals by 35.1% (P < .05). During the day and night, there was a MC x pasture treatment interaction (P < .05). No differences were observed in either pineal MEL or the pineal neurochemicals. Acremonium coenophialum-infected fescue reduced plasma concentrations of MEL in steers, whereas treatment with MC altered plasma MEL biphasically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Porter, J K AU - Stuedemann, J A AU - Thompson, F N AU - Buchanan, B A AU - Tucker, H A AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agriculture Research Center, USDA, Athens, GA 30613. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1526 EP - 1531 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan KW - C1LJO185Q9 KW - Melatonin KW - JL5DK93RCL KW - Metoclopramide KW - L4YEB44I46 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - N-acetylserotonin KW - P4TO3C82WV KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Acremonium -- growth & development KW - Animal Feed KW - Food Microbiology KW - Serotonin -- biosynthesis KW - Random Allocation KW - Norepinephrine -- biosynthesis KW - Dopamine -- biosynthesis KW - Serotonin -- analogs & derivatives KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan -- biosynthesis KW - Male KW - Melatonin -- blood KW - Pineal Gland -- metabolism KW - Metoclopramide -- pharmacology KW - Melatonin -- biosynthesis KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Cattle -- blood KW - Pineal Gland -- drug effects KW - Poaceae -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75846644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Melatonin+and+pineal+neurochemicals+in+steers+grazed+on+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue%3A+effects+of+metoclopramide.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K%3BStuedemann%2C+J+A%3BThompson%2C+F+N%3BBuchanan%2C+B+A%3BTucker%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research to understand and control Salmonella enteritidis in chickens and eggs. AN - 75823476; 8321820 AB - When it became evident that the association of human Salmonella enteritidis (SE) outbreaks with the consumption of contaminated Grade A eggs posed a threat to public health and to the economic viability of the egg industry, research programs were rapidly initiated to investigate the many unanswered questions about SE in eggs and chickens. Research efforts have focused on the dynamics of deposition, survival, and growth of SE in eggs, the pathogenesis of SE in chickens, strategies for detecting SE-infected flocks, opportunities for intervening to prevent infection, the sources of SE in laying flocks, options for effectively cleaning poultry houses, and the epidemiology of SE infections of humans and chickens. This research has provided a substantially better understanding of the SE problem in poultry, but many further questions about the basis for and the prevention of eggborne transmission of SE remain to be answered. JF - Poultry science AU - Gast, R K AU - Beard, C W AD - USDA, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1157 EP - 1163 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75823476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Research+to+understand+and+control+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+chickens+and+eggs.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BBeard%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-effective techniques to control human enteropathogens on fresh poultry. AN - 75819251; 8321823 AB - Salmonella is a multi-faceted problem that must be attacked on many fronts. The results of Food Safety and Inspection Service's Puerto Rico Bacterial Control Project confirmed that there is no "silver bullet." The project showed that a combination of management commitment, process control, and specific interventions at key control points can bring about significant improvements in the bacterial quality of fresh poultry. JF - Poultry science AU - James, W O AU - Prucha, J C AU - Brewer, R L AD - USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, District of Columbia 20250. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1174 EP - 1176 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Puerto Rico KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology -- standards KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75819251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Cost-effective+techniques+to+control+human+enteropathogens+on+fresh+poultry.&rft.au=James%2C+W+O%3BPrucha%2C+J+C%3BBrewer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry production. A summary of work at Russell Research Center. AN - 75809568; 8321822 AB - The primary mission of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit is to develop technology preventing commensal intestinal colonization of chickens by human bacterial enteropathogens, including Salmonella and Campylobacter. The different mechanisms of colonization and the wide variety of sources of these pathogens combined with the different factors that affect host susceptibility to colonization indicate that a multifaceted research approach will be required to control Salmonella and Campylobacter during poultry production. The working hypothesis is that only by delivering chickens free of Salmonella or Campylobacter to the processing plant can significant reductions in the number and levels of contamination of chickens leaving the plant with these pathogens be achieved. As the means are developed to substantially reduce or eliminate the intestinal colonization of chickens by these pathogens, the pathogen-free chickens can be delivered to the processing plant, thereby eliminating or at least reducing the prevalence and levels of Salmonella on processed broilers. JF - Poultry science AU - Bailey, J S AD - USDA, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1169 EP - 1173 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- veterinary KW - Research KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Food Microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75809568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Control+of+Salmonella+and+Campylobacter+in+poultry+production.+A+summary+of+work+at+Russell+Research+Center.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Error assessment in the Universal Soil Loss Equation AN - 50343314; 1993-023633 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Risse, L M AU - Nearing, M A AU - Nicks, A D AU - Laflen, J M Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 825 EP - 833 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - models KW - errors KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - runoff KW - statistical analysis KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50343314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Error+assessment+in+the+Universal+Soil+Loss+Equation&rft.au=Risse%2C+L+M%3BNearing%2C+M+A%3BNicks%2C+A+D%3BLaflen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Risse&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 6 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; erosion rates; errors; models; runoff; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining completion of excess salt removal from clays; method comparisons AN - 50342246; 1993-023637 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Mekonnen, Eyasu J AU - Nater, Edward A AU - Laird, David A Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 874 EP - 877 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - electrical conductivity KW - chemical analysis KW - cation exchange capacity KW - bentonite KW - techniques KW - aqueous solutions KW - X-ray diffraction analysis KW - clay minerals KW - sedimentary rocks KW - X-ray analysis KW - wet methods KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - halloysite KW - clastic rocks KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50342246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Determining+completion+of+excess+salt+removal+from+clays%3B+method+comparisons&rft.au=Mekonnen%2C+Eyasu+J%3BNater%2C+Edward+A%3BLaird%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Mekonnen&rft.aufirst=Eyasu&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=874&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Paper No. 19926 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; bentonite; cation exchange capacity; chemical analysis; clastic rocks; clay minerals; electrical conductivity; halloysite; ion exchange; sedimentary rocks; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; techniques; wet methods; X-ray analysis; X-ray diffraction analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boron adsorption mechanisms on oxides, clay minerals, and soils inferred from ionic strength effects AN - 50341146; 1993-023624 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Heick, E L Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 704 EP - 708 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - anions KW - goethite KW - Palexeralfs KW - physicochemical properties KW - mechanism KW - kaolinite KW - adsorption KW - clay minerals KW - Alfisols KW - Durixeralfs KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - boron KW - gibbsite KW - montmorillonite KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50341146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Boron+adsorption+mechanisms+on+oxides%2C+clay+minerals%2C+and+soils+inferred+from+ionic+strength+effects&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BHeick%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=704&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 2 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; Alfisols; anions; boron; clay minerals; Durixeralfs; gibbsite; goethite; kaolinite; mechanism; montmorillonite; oxides; Palexeralfs; physicochemical properties; sheet silicates; silicates; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved method for quantifying soil macroporosity AN - 50341111; 1993-023632 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Vermeul, V R AU - Istok, J D AU - Flint, A L AU - Pikul, J L, Jr Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 809 EP - 816 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - properties KW - thin sections KW - porosity KW - northeastern Oregon KW - ground water KW - Umatilla County Oregon KW - morphology KW - Oregon KW - quantitative analysis KW - ultraviolet spectra KW - macroporosity KW - hydrodynamics KW - water regimes KW - spectra KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50341111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=An+improved+method+for+quantifying+soil+macroporosity&rft.au=Vermeul%2C+V+R%3BIstok%2C+J+D%3BFlint%2C+A+L%3BPikul%2C+J+L%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Vermeul&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 2 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ground water; hydrodynamics; macroporosity; methods; morphology; northeastern Oregon; Oregon; porosity; properties; quantitative analysis; soils; spectra; thin sections; ultraviolet spectra; Umatilla County Oregon; United States; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting soil detachment by raindrops AN - 50340761; 1993-023618 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sharma, P P AU - Gupta, S C AU - Foster, G R Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 674 EP - 680 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - models KW - erosion KW - rainsplash KW - sedimentation KW - water erosion KW - raindrops KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - kinetics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50340761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Predicting+soil+detachment+by+raindrops&rft.au=Sharma%2C+P+P%3BGupta%2C+S+C%3BFoster%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; erosion rates; kinetics; models; raindrops; rainsplash; sedimentation; soil erosion; soils; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using multiple-variable indicator kriging for evaluating soil quality AN - 50339630; 1993-023627 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Smith, Jeffrey L AU - Halvorson, Jonathan J AU - Papendick, Robert I Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 743 EP - 749 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - theoretical studies KW - spatial variations KW - statistical analysis KW - kriging KW - mapping KW - geostatistics KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50339630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Using+multiple-variable+indicator+kriging+for+evaluating+soil+quality&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BHalvorson%2C+Jonathan+J%3BPapendick%2C+Robert+I&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geostatistics; kriging; land use; mapping; soils; spatial variations; statistical analysis; theoretical studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naturally weathered plagioclase grains from the Idaho Batholith; observations using scanning electron microscopy AN - 50339272; 1993-023634 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Inskeep, William P AU - Clayton, James L AU - Mogk, David W Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 851 EP - 860 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - Cryumbrepts KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - central Idaho KW - Cryorthents KW - laboratory studies KW - Valley County Idaho KW - Entisols KW - framework silicates KW - Silver Creek experimental watershed KW - soils KW - Idaho KW - chemical weathering KW - plagioclase KW - pedogenesis KW - experimental studies KW - secondary minerals KW - micromorphology KW - kaolinite KW - weathering KW - clay minerals KW - Idaho Batholith KW - EDAX data KW - X-ray data KW - Inceptisols KW - sheet silicates KW - feldspar group KW - SEM data KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50339272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Naturally+weathered+plagioclase+grains+from+the+Idaho+Batholith%3B+observations+using+scanning+electron+microscopy&rft.au=Inskeep%2C+William+P%3BClayton%2C+James+L%3BMogk%2C+David+W&rft.aulast=Inskeep&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 5 plates, 2 tables, illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Montana Agricultural Experiment Station Contrib. No. J-2823 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - central Idaho; chemical weathering; clay minerals; Cryorthents; Cryumbrepts; EDAX data; Entisols; experimental studies; feldspar group; framework silicates; Idaho; Idaho Batholith; Inceptisols; kaolinite; laboratory studies; micromorphology; pedogenesis; plagioclase; secondary minerals; SEM data; sheet silicates; silicates; Silver Creek experimental watershed; soils; United States; Valley County Idaho; weathering; X-ray data; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple baluns in parallel probes for time domain reflectometry AN - 50335395; 1993-023617 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Spaans, Egbert J A AU - Baker, John M Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 668 EP - 673 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - baluns KW - electrical conductivity KW - moisture KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - time domain analysis KW - applications KW - time domain reflectometry KW - instruments KW - impedance KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50335395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Simple+baluns+in+parallel+probes+for+time+domain+reflectometry&rft.au=Spaans%2C+Egbert+J+A%3BBaker%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Spaans&rft.aufirst=Egbert+J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; baluns; electrical conductivity; electrical methods; geophysical methods; impedance; instruments; moisture; time domain analysis; time domain reflectometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nature of the illitic phase associated with randomly interstratified smectite/illite in soils AN - 50317933; 1993-038804 AB - A dispersion-centrifugation-decantation procedure was used to isolate various particle size fractions from a sample of clay (<2 mu m fraction) separated by sedimentation from the Ap horizon of a Webster soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll). The 0.02-0.06 mu m size fraction was found to be enriched in an illitic phase associated with randomly interstratified smectite/illite. X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed that most of the illitic material in the 0.02-0.06 mu m size fraction was composed of two-layer elementary illite particles with a layer charge of -0.47 per formula unit. The results demonstrate that this low-charge illitic phase can be physically separated from soil materials and that the low-charge illitic phase has chemical, morphological, and mineralogical properties that are uniquely different from those of smectite and illite. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Laird, D A AU - Nater, E A Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 280 EP - 287 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - United States KW - soils KW - silicates KW - Minnesota KW - Waseca County Minnesota KW - clay mineralogy KW - smectite KW - illite KW - TEM data KW - clay minerals KW - mineral composition KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - particles KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50317933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Nature+of+the+illitic+phase+associated+with+randomly+interstratified+smectite%2Fillite+in+soils&rft.au=Laird%2C+D+A%3BNater%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clay mineralogy; clay minerals; illite; mineral composition; Minnesota; mixed-layer minerals; particles; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; TEM data; United States; Waseca County Minnesota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size of mica domains and distribution of the adsorbed Na-Ca ions AN - 50315641; 1993-038817 AB - Mica domains have received less attention in the literature than smectite quasi-crystals. This study was conducted to determine whether mica crystals form domains in suspension, the conditions in which those domains exist, and the distribution of adsorbed Na and Ca ions in the domains. Particle size distributions and electrophoretic mobilities (EM) of Silver Hill illite in suspension densities of 0.5 g liter (super -1) were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Solutions at salt concentration from 2 to 10 mmol (sub c) liter (super -1) , sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from 0 to infinity (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) , and pH values 5, 7, and 9 were used to prepare the clay suspensions. The particle size of Silver Hill illite suspensions showed a bimodal distribution. Through PCS measurements at low angles, the second peak of the bimodal distribution of the illite was found to be associated with the rotational movement of the b-dimension of the particles. Illite domains broke down in the range of SAR 10 to 15 (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) equivalent to exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) of 13 to 18. Illite thus demonstrates a similar stability to smectites that require ESP nearly equal 15 to disaggregate quasi-crystals. The EM of the illite particles increased drastically when the SAR increased from 2 to 10 (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) . This increase in EM could not be explained exclusively by the change in the particle size. Cation demixing is required to explain the increase of the zeta potential at the shear plane. The EM of the Silver Hill illite was doubled when the pH increased from 5 to 9 at SAR > 15, but no pH effect was found when SAR 15 can be understood if we consider that at SAR > 15 most of the particles are single platelets. The relative importance of variable charge on single platelets or crystals is apparently greater than on domains because the pH affected the mobility of the individual crystals but not the mobility of the domains. The combination of particle size distribution and EM data gives additional information about the zero point of charge of the variable charge, also called point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) of the clay. For Silver Hill illite, we estimate a PZNPC value between 5 and 7. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Lebron, I AU - Suarez, D L AU - Amrhein, C AU - Strong, J E Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 380 EP - 388 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - silicates KW - calcium KW - alkaline earth metals KW - cation exchange capacity KW - domains KW - clay mineralogy KW - alkali metals KW - illite KW - adsorption KW - sodium KW - mica group KW - metals KW - chemical properties KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50315641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Size+of+mica+domains+and+distribution+of+the+adsorbed+Na-Ca+ions&rft.au=Lebron%2C+I%3BSuarez%2C+D+L%3BAmrhein%2C+C%3BStrong%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Lebron&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; calcium; cation exchange capacity; chemical properties; clay mineralogy; domains; illite; ion exchange; metals; mica group; sheet silicates; silicates; sodium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation Partnerships for Coldwater Fisheries Habitat AN - 19153518; 9307988 AB - The Forest Service (FS) of the US Department of Agriculture and Trout Unlimited (TU) implemented a national partnership in 1987 to enhance the conservation and management of cold-water fisheries and their ecosystems. Professional fisheries scientists and conservation volunteers work together across the United States to manage, enhance, and monitor a world-class fisheries resource. Fisheries resources on National Forest System lands include habitats on some 161,000 km of waterways, 890,000 ha of lakes and 26,500 km of coastline, amount to 50% of all the trout and salmon habitat in the US. This unique national partnership spans some 475 TU chapters involving 70,000 volunteers working on 125 National Forests and 682 Ranger Districts providing a formidable work force for conservation activities. Since the FS-TU agreement took place, local and regional supplemental agreements have been implemented in 22 states covering 22 TU councils (274 chapters) and 99 National Forests (483 Ranger Districts). TU has become an effective partner and a prime supporter in getting management and budgetary reform built into the FS 'Rise to the Future' national fisheries program. The FS and TU have effectively bridged the gap between former outside partners, and are now working partners or shareholders for the benefit of cold-water fisheries resource management. TU has become more technically aware and educated in fisheries management, and the FS has benefitted from more public involvement and concern in fisheries management, and the FS has benefitted from more public involvement and concern for the resource. Involved partnerships have helped foster better stewardship for management of cold-water fisheries resources across the nation in National Forest waters. (See also W9307981) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of the North American Benthological Society JNASEC, Vol. 12, No. 2, p 206-210, June 1993. AU - Duff, DA AD - USDA Forest Service, 125 South State Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84138 Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - Jun 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Aquatic habitats KW - *Conservation KW - *Conservation organizations KW - *Environmental protection KW - *Forest Service KW - *Interagency cooperation KW - *Stream fisheries KW - *Trout Unlimited KW - Coastal waters KW - Fish management KW - Lakes KW - National forests KW - Salmon KW - Streams KW - Trout KW - Water resources management KW - Wildlife management KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19153518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conservation+Partnerships+for+Coldwater+Fisheries+Habitat&rft.au=Duff%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Duff&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Tn4560 to generate nikkomycin non-producing mutants of Streptomyces tendae. AN - 75870566; 8393414 AB - Transposon Tn4560 was used to generate three nikkomycin non-producing mutants in Streptomyces tendae ATCC 31160. Southern hybridization confirmed that Tn4560 was present in 10-12-kb BamHI fragments of the chromosomes of the mutants. Biologically active nikkomycins were not detected in culture broths of the mutants as determined by bioassays and HPLC. Differences in the HPLC profiles of culture broths suggest that Tn4560 inserted into different genes in the mutants. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Engel, P AU - Wright, M S AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124. Y1 - 1993/05/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 15 SP - 257 EP - 261 VL - 109 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Aminoglycosides KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - nikkomycin KW - 9Z22C3QQCJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Streptomyces -- metabolism KW - Streptomyces -- genetics KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75870566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Use+of+Tn4560+to+generate+nikkomycin+non-producing+mutants+of+Streptomyces+tendae.&rft.au=Engel%2C+P%3BWright%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-05-15&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved thin-layer chromatographic detection of diethylstilbestrol and zeranol in plasma and tissues isolated with alumina and ion-exchange membrane columns in tandem. AN - 75816044; 8314945 AB - Clean-up procedures for the isolation of zeranol and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were modified to reduce the analysis time and to increase the efficiency of purification. Several dyes (Fast Blue BB, Fast Corinth V, Fast Blue RR, Fast Blue B, Fast Red Violet B and Fast Violet B) were evaluated, and their minimum detectabilities were determined. Conditions for non-instrumental, semi-quantitative thin-layer chromatography were optimized. Zeranol and DES in plasma and tissues were determined using modified procedures. Enzyme digestion brought about significant improvement in detectabilities of zeranol and DES in both fortified and incurred plasma, serum and tissues. Minimum detectabilities for zeranol and DES were 25 ppb in fortified plasma and tissues. The amount of incurred zeranol measured in the serum of an experimental cow was increased four times, i.e. from 50 to 200 ppb, after protease digestion. Glucuronidase digestion showed an eight-fold increase in detection of incurred zeranol levels in bovine liver eight times. These results suggest that digestion releases zeranol and DES from protein and glucuronide complexes, thereby allowing detection of low levels of zeranol and DES which may not be detectable without digestion. Further modification of the purification with an ion-exchange membrane reduced the analysis time by 25%, and the membranes were regenerated up to ten times without loss of activity, allowing an automated process. This method utilizes inexpensive equipment and avoids use of organic solvent, in this case diethyl ether. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Medina, M B AU - Nagdy, N AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, PA 19118. Y1 - 1993/05/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 05 SP - 315 EP - 323 VL - 614 IS - 2 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Diazonium Compounds KW - Ion Exchange Resins KW - Fast Blue BB KW - 15518-68-0 KW - fast corinth V salt KW - 47300-91-4 KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Zeranol KW - 76LO2L2V39 KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Glucuronidase -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Hot Temperature KW - Cattle KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Zeranol -- blood KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- analysis KW - Zeranol -- analysis KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75816044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=Improved+thin-layer+chromatographic+detection+of+diethylstilbestrol+and+zeranol+in+plasma+and+tissues+isolated+with+alumina+and+ion-exchange+membrane+columns+in+tandem.&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BNagdy%2C+N&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-05&rft.volume=614&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the cytotoxicities of Fusarium metabolites and Alternaria metabolite AAL-toxin to cultured mammalian cell lines. AN - 75801389; 8507101 AB - Four water-soluble Fusarium metabolites (fumonisin B1, fusaric acid, butenolide and moniliformin), water-insoluble pigment (8-O-methylbostrycoidin), and an Alternaria metabolite (AAL-toxin) were tested for relative cytotoxicity to five established mammalian cell lines. Butenolide was the most cytotoxic to all five cell lines. LC50s were; 1 microgram/ml to rat hepatoma (RH) (tumors derived from parenchymal cells), 7 micrograms/ml to baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) fibroblast cells, and 15 micrograms/ml to McCoy mouse (MM) fibroblast cells: LC100s were 1 microgram/ml to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblast cells, and 5 micrograms/ml to dog kidney (MDCK) fibroblast cells. Fusaric acid was cytotoxic to the MDCK, MM, RH, and CHO cell lines; moniliformin was cytotoxic to the RH, CHO, and MDCK, cell lines. The pigment, however, was cytotoxic only to RH and CHO cell lines. Fumonisin B1 and a related toxin, AAL-toxin, at a high dose level (100 micrograms/ml) were not cytotoxic to the RH, BHK, MM, CHO and MDCK cell lines. T-2 toxin was used as a positive control, and inhibited all cell lines at the nanogram level. The difference in response of these five cell lines to the toxic metabolites, that were noted in this study, was then used to evaluate nine HPLC fractions obtained from a methanol-water extract of an F. moniliforme culture. The results indicated that this type of cytotoxicity assay may be useful in following the isolation of metabolites from extracts of Fusarium culture, especially F. moniliforme. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Vesonder, R F AU - Gasdorf, H AU - Peterson, R E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 473 EP - 477 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Alternaria alternata pathotoxin TA KW - 0 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Furans KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - butenolide KW - 8KXK25H388 KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - 4-Butyrolactone KW - OL659KIY4X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Fusaric Acid -- toxicity KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Furans -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - 4-Butyrolactone -- analogs & derivatives KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Alternaria -- pathogenicity KW - Alternaria -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75801389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+cytotoxicities+of+Fusarium+metabolites+and+Alternaria+metabolite+AAL-toxin+to+cultured+mammalian+cell+lines.&rft.au=Vesonder%2C+R+F%3BGasdorf%2C+H%3BPeterson%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Vesonder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and cholesterol oxidation by Mycobacterium species in Tween 80 medium. AN - 75797967; 8517738 AB - Mycobacterium strain DP was isolated from marine coastal sediment and tested for its ability to oxidize cholesterol in Tween 80-cholesterol (2.59 mM) medium. Strain DP degraded cholesterol to 4-cholesten-3-one (cholestenone), 4-androsten-3,17-dione (AD), 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (ADD), testosterone, and 1-dehydrotestosterone (DHT). Cholesterol disappeared in about 4 days. Cholestenone, AD, testosterone, and DHT accumulations were transient with peak concentrations of 300, 600, 30 to 40, and 21 microM. ADD production peaked after 6 days with a concentration of 1,100 microM. Peak ADD concentrations and production rates compared well with those reported for strain NRRL B3683 on cyclodextrin medium. Tween 80 medium was superior to finely dispersed cholesterol particles for both strains. In comparison, NRRL B3683 (patented for its ability to accumulate AD and ADD) on Tween 80 medium transiently accumulated more AD (approximately 1,000 microM) than did strain DP, but ADD accumulations (200 microM) were significantly lower than those for strain DP. Strain DP could be adapted to grow on ADD, which was initially inhibitory at 3.25 mM. ADD-adapted strain DP cultures produced approximately four times as much DHT from ADD than unadapted cultures did from cholesterol, showing that additional manipulation might enhance testosterone production. We believe that ADD toxicity might account for the low ADD accumulations by NRRL B3683 in Tween 80 medium. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Smith, M AU - Zahnley, J AU - Pfeifer, D AU - Goff, D AD - Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 1425 EP - 1429 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Androstadienes KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Polysorbates KW - 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione KW - 2166Q8568W KW - Androstenedione KW - 409J2J96VR KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Cholesterol Oxidase KW - EC 1.1.3.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Androstadienes -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Temperature KW - Cholesterol Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Androstenedione -- metabolism KW - Androstadienes -- toxicity KW - Mycobacterium -- growth & development KW - Mycobacterium -- drug effects KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75797967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+cholesterol+oxidation+by+Mycobacterium+species+in+Tween+80+medium.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M%3BZahnley%2C+J%3BPfeifer%2C+D%3BGoff%2C+D&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Am Chem Soc. 1967 Apr 12;89(8):1956-7 [6040527] Appl Microbiol. 1972 Jan;23(1):72-7 [5059623] Microbios. 1975;12(50):199-207 [240103] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1992 Feb;36(5):598-603 [1368063] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Aug 29;753(1):60-4 [6882787] J Lipid Res. 1983 Nov;24(11):1500-11 [6655367] J Steroid Biochem. 1976 Sep;7(9):705-13 [790024] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Milk production in Brahman and Angus cows on endophyte-infected fescue and common bermudagrass. AN - 75771773; 8505242 AB - Daily milk yield and milk fat were estimated by method of milking machine in 60 Angus and 60 Brahman cows grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected fescue during a 3-yr period. Averaged over monthly estimates, there was evidence (P .15). There were significant dam breed effects on both percentage of milk fat and daily milk fat yield; Brahman exceeded Angus by .68% (P < .01) and 34.3 g/d (P < .01), respectively. There were significant forage effects for both percentage of milk fat and daily milk fat yield; common bermudagrass exceeded tall fescue by .5% (P < .01) and 62.3 g/d (P < .01), respectively. These data indicate that incorporation of Brahman germplasm into a grazing system that uses endophyte-infected fescue may be beneficial in daily milk yield but will probably not prevent decreases in milk fat production associated with grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Tharel, L M AU - Brown, A H AU - Jackson, W G AU - Miesner, J R AD - South Central Family Farm Research Center, ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 1117 EP - 1122 VL - 71 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Lipids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Breeding KW - Seasons KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Lipids -- analysis KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Animal Feed -- adverse effects KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Lactation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75771773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Milk+production+in+Brahman+and+Angus+cows+on+endophyte-infected+fescue+and+common+bermudagrass.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BTharel%2C+L+M%3BBrown%2C+A+H%3BJackson%2C+W+G%3BMiesner%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - English yew poisoning in 43 cattle. AN - 75744566; 8098701 AB - Thirty-five privately owned 1- to 2-year-old mixed-breed steers and heifers, weighing 340 to 454 kg, died from accidental ingestion of English yew (Taxus baccata). Estimated dosages ranged from 0.36 to 0.70 g of fresh plant/kg of body weight. Clinical signs of poisoning and death began 2 to 3 hours after first exposure, and cattle continued to have clinical signs, which ended in death 6 to 8 hours later. Most cattle had died by 4 hours after first ingestion. Necropsy of 4 cattle revealed substantial amounts of English yew leaves and small stems in the rumen contents. Grossly, there were areas of hyperemia in the abomasum and small intestine. Histologically, lesions were limited to the lungs and included moderate congestion and interlobular edema. Chemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography of suspected yew plant material from the rumen contents of the 4 necropsied cattle was compared to authentic taxol, and confirmed the presence of taxol in rumen samples. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Panter, K E AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Smart, R A AU - Mitchell, L AU - Hansen, S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1993/05/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 01 SP - 1476 EP - 1477 VL - 202 IS - 9 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Gastrointestinal Contents -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Rumen KW - Paclitaxel -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Plant Poisoning -- pathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- pathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75744566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=English+yew+poisoning+in+43+cattle.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BSmart%2C+R+A%3BMitchell%2C+L%3BHansen%2C+S&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of copper status: effect of age and gender on reference ranges in healthy adults. AN - 75718850; 8387409 AB - We measured major indices related to copper nutritional status in 55 men and 86 women between ages 20 and 83 years who were in apparent good health. Plasma copper concentrations and both immunoreactive and enzymatically measured ceruloplasmin were significantly higher in women than in men and were higher in women taking oral contraceptives. Plasma copper, immunoreactive ceruloplasmin, and cytochrome-c oxidase in platelets and mononucleated leukocytes tended to increase with age. The ratio of enzymatic to immunoreactive ceruloplasmin, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, and 67Cu uptake by erythrocytes were not significantly affected by either age or gender. Thus, factors other than copper nutriture--such as age, gender, and hormone use--need to be considered when using many of these indicators to evaluate copper nutritional status. JF - Clinical chemistry AU - Milne, D B AU - Johnson, P E AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 883 EP - 887 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0009-9147, 0009-9147 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Ceruloplasmin KW - EC 1.16.3.1 KW - Electron Transport Complex IV KW - EC 1.9.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Reference Values KW - Ceruloplasmin -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- metabolism KW - Electron Transport Complex IV -- blood KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Blood Platelets -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nutritional Status KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Copper -- blood KW - Aging -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75718850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+copper+status%3A+effect+of+age+and+gender+on+reference+ranges+in+healthy+adults.&rft.au=Milne%2C+D+B%3BJohnson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+chemistry&rft.issn=00099147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Equal mobility on Goodwin Creek AN - 52752105; 1997-021640 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Kuhnle, R A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 158 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 74 IS - 16, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - shear stress KW - grain size KW - sedimentation KW - Mississippi KW - channels KW - rates KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - distribution KW - flows KW - time factor KW - mobility KW - Goodwin Creek KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52752105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Equal+mobility+on+Goodwin+Creek&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+R+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=16%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1993 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; channels; distribution; flows; fluvial sedimentation; Goodwin Creek; grain size; hydrology; Mississippi; mobility; rates; sediment transport; sedimentation; shear stress; stream transport; time factor; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in particle size between bedload and bed material in natural gravel-bed channels AN - 52751138; 1997-021642 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Lisle, T E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 158 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 74 IS - 16, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - scour KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - channels KW - gravel KW - distribution KW - gravel-bed streams KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - streams KW - discharge KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52751138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Differences+in+particle+size+between+bedload+and+bed+material+in+natural+gravel-bed+channels&rft.au=Lisle%2C+T+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=16%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1993 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; channels; clastic sediments; discharge; distribution; erosion; grain size; gravel; gravel-bed streams; hydrology; scour; sediment transport; sediments; stream transport; streams; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluvial transport of sand and gravel mixtures with bimodal size distributions AN - 50335482; 1993-027072 AB - Initiation of motion and fractional transport rates of sediments with bimodal size distributions were measured in a laboratory channel and in a natural channel. Transport experiments were conducted with unimodal 100% sand and 100% gravel bed sediments and three bimodal mixtures of the two sediments: 10% gravel-90% sand, 25% gravel-75% sand, and 45% gravel-55% sand. In the bimodal sediment beds the critical shear stress for the initiation of motion showed very little change with grain size for the sand sizes, but increased with grain size for the gravel sizes. For low flow strengths, only the sand sizes were in transport, while for the highest flow strengths the bed load sediment size distribution approached that of the bed material. JF - Sedimentary Geology AU - Kuhnle, Roger A A2 - Fielding, Christopher R. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 17 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 85 IS - 1-4 SN - 0037-0738, 0037-0738 KW - sand KW - size distribution KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - statistical analysis KW - sediments KW - sedimentation KW - channels KW - gravel KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50335482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sedimentary+Geology&rft.atitle=Fluvial+transport+of+sand+and+gravel+mixtures+with+bimodal+size+distributions&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+Roger+A&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sedimentary+Geology&rft.issn=00370738&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00370738 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 5th international conference on Fluvial sedimentology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SEGEBX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; clastic sediments; erosion; fluvial sedimentation; gravel; sand; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; size distribution; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Regulation of Groundwater Quality with Delayed Responses AN - 19161180; 9307777 AB - An important class of natural resource problems exist where the effect of a decision variable on the resource stock is not instantaneous. Problems of this type are common with agricultural practices that result in nonpoint source pollution. In pollution problems such as these, the task of designing corrective policies requires regulation of pollution at some point in time that accounts for the expected future effects of agricultural production practices. Most existing models of pollution control assume that social costs (and benefits) are instantaneously generated from nonpoint source production or consumption activities. A dynamic model was developed of input regulation in the presence of externalities that do not occur simultaneously with input use. The model was formulated to study the regulation of firms that apply fertilizer, where leachate from the application of fertilizer accumulates in groundwater over time. In the model an optimal nitrogen user fee was derived along with the consequences of regulatory design when time lags between nitrogen application and nitrate contamination are present. A multistage control procedure was developed to solve a class of problems such as a time lag in the effect of a control on the stock of a resource, or in pollution regulation models where there are time lags in the nutrient transport process. The solution procedure is similar to multistage multiple control techniques, but uses backward deduction. (Agostine-PTT) JF - Water Resources Research WRERAQ, Vol. 29, No. 5, p 1369-1377, May 1993. 1 fig, 21 ref. AU - Kim, C S AU - Hostetler, J AU - Amacher, G AD - Water Branch, Resources and Technology Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Groundwater protection KW - *Model studies KW - *Nonpoint pollution sources KW - *Regulations KW - *Water pollution control KW - Agricultural practices KW - Decision making KW - Fertilizers KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Leachates KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrient transport KW - Policy making KW - Social aspects KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19161180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Regulation+of+Groundwater+Quality+with+Delayed+Responses&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BHostetler%2C+J%3BAmacher%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum Effects on Calcium (45Ca2+) Translocation in Aluminum-Tolerant and Aluminum-Sensitive Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars (Differential Responses of the Root Apex versus Mature Root Regions). AN - 1859379645; 12231799 AB - The influence of Al exposure on long-distance Ca2+ translocation from specific root zones (root apex or mature root) to the shoot was studied in intact seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Al-tolerant Atlas 66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66). Seedlings were grown in 100 [mu]M CaCl2 solution (pH 4.5) for 3 d. Subsequently, a divided chamber technique using 45Ca2+-labeled solutions (100 [mu]M CaCl2 with or without 5 or 20 [mu]M AlCl3, pH 4.5) was used to study Ca2+ translocation from either the terminal 5 to 10 mm of the root or a 10-mm region of intact root approximately 50 mm behind the root apex. The Al concentrations used, which were toxic to Scout 66, caused a significant inhibition of Ca2+ translocation from the apical region of Scout 66 roots. The same Al exposures had a much smaller effect on root apical Ca2+ translocation in Atlas 66. When a 10-mm region of the mature root was exposed to 45Ca2+, smaller genotypic differences in the Al effects effects on Ca2+ translocation were observed, because the degree of Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ translocation was less than that at the root apex. Exposure of the root apex to Al inhibited root elongation by 70 to 99% in Scout 66 but had a lesser effect (less than 40% inhibition) in Atlas 66. When a mature root region was exposed to Al, root elongation was not significantly affected in either cultivar. These results demonstrate that genotypic differences in Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ translocation and root growth are localized primarily in the root apex. The pattern of Ca2+ translocation within the intact root was mainly basipetal, with most of the absorbed Ca2+ translocated toward the shoot. A small amount of acropetal Ca2+ translocation from the mature root regions to the apex was also observed, which accounted for less than 5% of the total Ca2+ translocation within the entire root. Because Ca2+ translocation toward the root apex is limited, most of the Ca2+ needed for normal cellular function in the apex must be absorbed from the external solution. Thus, continuous Al disruption of Ca2+ absorption into cells of the root apex could alter Ca2+ nutrition and homeostasis in these cells and could play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of Al toxicity in Al-sensitive wheat cultivars. JF - Plant physiology AU - Huang, J. W. AU - Grunes, D. L. AU - Kochian, L. V. AD - Department of Soil, Crop, and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University (J.W.H.), and United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.L.G., L.V.K.). Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 85 EP - 93 VL - 102 IS - 1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859379645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Aluminum+Effects+on+Calcium+%2845Ca2%2B%29+Translocation+in+Aluminum-Tolerant+and+Aluminum-Sensitive+Wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum+L.%29+Cultivars+%28Differential+Responses+of+the+Root+Apex+versus+Mature+Root+Regions%29.&rft.au=Huang%2C+J.+W.%3BGrunes%2C+D.+L.%3BKochian%2C+L.+V.&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates on aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. AN - 75704592; 8386839 AB - In three experiments, three different hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) were incorporated into chick diets (.5%) containing either 0 or 5.0 (Experiments 1 and 2) or 0 or 2.5 (Experiment 3) mg/kg aflatoxin (AF). Male broiler chicks consumed their respective diets and water ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. When compared with controls, body weights in chicks receiving 5.0 mg AF/kg were reduced by 214 g in Experiment 1 and 220 g in Experiment 2. The addition of .5% of the HSCAS compounds significantly diminished the growth inhibitory effects caused by AF by 39 to 68% in Experiment 1, by 46 to 88% in Experiment 2, and by 38 to 90% in Experiment 3. The increases in relative organ weights and the decreases in serum biochemical values caused by AF were significantly diminished to differing degrees by all three of the HSCAS compounds. These data demonstrate that these specific HSCAS compounds can be protective against the effects of AF in young growing broilers and further emphasizes the fact that all silicate-type sorbents are not equal in their ability to protect against aflatoxicosis. It also seems possible to specially process compounds to increase their efficacy for protection against the toxicity of AF. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Phillips, T D AU - Clement, B A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 651 EP - 657 VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Animal Feed KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Aluminum Silicates -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75704592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hydrated+sodium+calcium+aluminosilicates+on+aflatoxicosis+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BClement%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flatpea intoxication in sheep and indications of ruminal adaptation. AN - 75678350; 8470353 AB - This paper describes the signs of toxicity when seed-bearing flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L) hay is fed to sheep. Signs of intoxication (including seizure, muscular trembling and spasmotic torticollis) are similar to those observed for ammonia toxicity in ruminants. Accumulation of ammonia may be a direct consequence of flatpea ingestion, given that 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA, a toxic constituent of flatpea) is known to inhibit hepatic urea synthesis. However, other modes of toxicity for DABA as well as other flatpea toxins may also contribute to this process of intoxication. Our evidence suggests that ruminal microbes are responsible for flatpea detoxification and host animal protection. The adaptation of sheep to flatpea may be a consequence of enhanced ruminal detoxification activity. Ruminal protective functions can be disrupted, however, through abrupt monensin feeding or the replacement of nonadapted for adapted rumen contents. This disruption temporarily suppresses mechanisms of ruminal detoxification. As a consequence sheep can again be made vulnerable to flatpea intoxication. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Rasmussen, M A AU - Allison, M J AU - Foster, J G AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa 50010. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 123 EP - 127 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Monensin KW - 906O0YJ6ZP KW - Index Medicus KW - Sheep Diseases -- blood KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Monensin -- toxicity KW - Plant Poisoning -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology KW - Adaptation, Biological KW - Fabaceae -- toxicity KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Sheep KW - Plants, Medicinal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75678350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Flatpea+intoxication+in+sheep+and+indications+of+ruminal+adaptation.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+M+A%3BAllison%2C+M+J%3BFoster%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of erosion using the radionuclide caesium-137 in three diverse, environmentally sensitive areas in eastern Australia AN - 50320635; 1993-028867 JF - Applied Geography (Sevenoaks) AU - Loughran, R J AU - Elliott, G L AU - Campbell, B L AU - Curtis, S J AU - Cummings, D AU - Shelly, D J Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 169 EP - 188 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, Sevenoaks VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0143-6229, 0143-6229 KW - soils KW - Australasia KW - isotopes KW - erosion KW - alkali metals KW - New South Wales Australia KW - erosion rates KW - Victoria Australia KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Cs-137 KW - cesium KW - metals KW - Australia KW - soil erosion KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50320635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geography+%28Sevenoaks%29&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+erosion+using+the+radionuclide+caesium-137+in+three+diverse%2C+environmentally+sensitive+areas+in+eastern+Australia&rft.au=Loughran%2C+R+J%3BElliott%2C+G+L%3BCampbell%2C+B+L%3BCurtis%2C+S+J%3BCummings%2C+D%3BShelly%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Loughran&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geography+%28Sevenoaks%29&rft.issn=01436229&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01436228 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; Australasia; Australia; cesium; Cs-137; erosion; erosion rates; isotopes; metals; New South Wales Australia; radioactive isotopes; soil erosion; soils; Victoria Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucose and zinc concentration influence fusarin C synthesis, ethanol synthesis and lipid composition in Fusarium moniliforme submerged cultures. AN - 75680039; 8472926 AB - A fusarin C-producing Fusarium moniliforme strain was grown in submerged culture with defined media containing differing amounts of glucose (30 g/l or 90 g/l) and zinc (5 ppb or 3200 ppb). The influence of zinc on fusarin C synthesis and lipid composition was dependent on the initial glucose concentration. In cultures supplied with 30 g/l glucose, zinc inhibited fusarin C and lipid synthesis by diverting common substrates to ethanol synthesis. Zinc-supplemented cultures with 90 g/l glucose had ample carbon substrate to produce both ethanol and fusarin C. More total lipid with a higher unsaturated fatty acid content (more oleic acid and less stearic acid) was found in F. moniliforme biomass produced in zinc-deficient media. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Jackson, M A AU - Lanser, A C AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1993/03/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Mar 15 SP - 69 EP - 73 VL - 108 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Polyenes KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - fusarin C KW - 79748-81-5 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Zinc -- pharmacology KW - Glucose -- pharmacology KW - Lipids -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- drug effects KW - Polyenes -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- metabolism KW - Lipid Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75680039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Glucose+and+zinc+concentration+influence+fusarin+C+synthesis%2C+ethanol+synthesis+and+lipid+composition+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+submerged+cultures.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+M+A%3BLanser%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-03-15&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Evaluation of 3 therapeutic schedules with N-methyl-glucamine antimonate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Para, Brazil]. TT - Avaliação de três esquemas terapêuticos com o antimoniato de N-metil-glucamina no tratamento da leishmaniose visceral no estado do Pará, Brasil. AN - 76153825; 8284603 AB - We have evaluated, in a retrospective manner, three chemotherapeutic schemes with meglumine antomoniate (Glucantime) use in the treatment of 43 autochthonous cases of visceral leishmaniasis in children in the age-group of 1-12 years old, during the period 1985-1990. Of the 43 cases, 28 (group A) were treated with 40mg/SbV/kg given IV at intervals of 48 hours, in courses of 15 applications (scheme I); 8 (group B) were treated with 40 mg/SbV/kg given IV daily during 15 days (scheme II), and 7 (group C) were treated with 20 mg/SbV/kg given IV daily during 15 days (scheme III). With the criteria for cure based essentially on clinical examination, we admitted that the scheme III would be the preferred for these reasons: a) it produces the same cure-rate as those schemes which use double this dosage, b) in relation to positive results it is less expensive, c) the scheme can be used for more extended periods, with less risk of toxic effects, and d) there has till now been no evidence of the development of resistance to treatment using this scheme, at least in our particular area of study (Pará). JF - Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo AU - Silveira, F T AU - Pingarilho, D A AU - Duarte, R R AU - Gabriel, M do D AU - Dias, M G AU - Moura, M P AU - Braga, M E AU - Prestes, E X AU - Maués, B C AD - Médico do Serviço de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (FNS), Belém, Pará, Brasil. PY - 1993 SP - 177 EP - 181 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0036-4665, 0036-4665 KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - 0 KW - Meglumine KW - 6HG8UB2MUY KW - meglumine antimoniate KW - 75G4TW236W KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Brazil KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Time Factors KW - Child, Preschool KW - Meglumine -- therapeutic use KW - Organometallic Compounds -- therapeutic use KW - Leishmaniasis, Visceral -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76153825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.atitle=%5BEvaluation+of+3+therapeutic+schedules+with+N-methyl-glucamine+antimonate+in+the+treatment+of+visceral+leishmaniasis+in+the+state+of+Para%2C+Brazil%5D.&rft.au=Silveira%2C+F+T%3BPingarilho%2C+D+A%3BDuarte%2C+R+R%3BGabriel%2C+M+do+D%3BDias%2C+M+G%3BMoura%2C+M+P%3BBraga%2C+M+E%3BPrestes%2C+E+X%3BMau%C3%A9s%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Silveira&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.issn=00364665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Portuguese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1993 Nov-Dec;35(6):589 [7997767] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological activities of fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme, in jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) and mammalian cell cultures. AN - 75668456; 8470138 AB - Fumonisins A1, A2, B1, B2 and B3 are a series of mycotoxins produced by strains of Fusarium moniliforme. Fumonisins are hydroxylated long-chain alkylamines esterified with propanetricarboxylic acid moieties that represent approximately half the mol. wt of the toxins. The A-series fumonisins are N-acetylated, whereas the B series contains free amino groups. Hydrolytic removal of the propanetricarboxylic acid moieties from fumonisins B1 and B2 yields the corresponding aminopentols, AP1 and AP2, respectively. These compounds were tested for toxicity on widely differing bioassay systems, representing plant and animal systems. The plant bioassay system employed jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) leaves and leaf discs in which toxicity was detected as electrolyte leakage, photobleaching and quantitation of chlorophyll reduction. The animal bioassay system employed cultured mammalian cell lines in which toxicity was detected as inhibition of cell proliferation. Fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 at 50 micrograms/ml or less were effective toxins after exposure periods greater than 24 hr in all plant and animal bioassay systems examined, except 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, whereas fumonisins A1 and A2 exhibited little or no activity. However, the hydrolytic degradation products AP1 and AP2 exhibited toxicity similar to or greater than B-series fumonisins in all test systems, including substantial toxicity to 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Gelderblom, W C AU - Cawood, M E AU - Shier, W T AD - Southern Weed Science Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 345 EP - 353 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Electrolytes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice KW - Hydrolysis KW - Electrolytes -- metabolism KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Datura stramonium -- physiology KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75668456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Biological+activities+of+fumonisins%2C+mycotoxins+from+Fusarium+moniliforme%2C+in+jimsonweed+%28Datura+stramonium+L.%29+and+mammalian+cell+cultures.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BGelderblom%2C+W+C%3BCawood%2C+M+E%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from poisonous plants and their mechanism of action in animals. AN - 75636917; 8457928 AB - Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from Lupinus, Conium, and Nicotiana genera have been identified as causes of birth defects in livestock induced by poisonous plants. Many defects now known to be related to poisonous plant ingestion were once thought to have a genetic origin. This supposition delayed diagnosis, reporting, and understanding of such birth defects, because breeders and producers feared the news would make it difficult to sell breeding stock. Defects caused by quinolizidine and piperidine teratogens include cleft palate and contracture-type skeletal defects such as arthrogryposis, scoliosis, torticollis, and kyphosis. Teratogens have been identified, differences in susceptibility to teratogenic compounds among livestock species have been elucidated, periods of gestation when specific types of birth defects occur have been determined, and information about mechanism of action has been developed. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Panter, K E AU - Keeler, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 33 EP - 40 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- veterinary KW - Tobacco KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- complications KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Piperidines -- poisoning KW - Animals, Domestic -- abnormalities KW - Alkaloids -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75636917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Quinolizidine+and+piperidine+alkaloid+teratogens+from+poisonous+plants+and+their+mechanism+of+action+in+animals.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotransmitters in rats fed fumonisin B1. AN - 75613652; 7679795 AB - Fumonisin B1, a toxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, has been associated with a neurotoxic syndrome in horses known as equine leukoencephlomalacia. Previous investigations showed that F. moniliforme cultured on corn and incorporated into rat chow increased brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and 5HIAA: serotonin (5HT) ratios in these animals. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether fumonisin B1 would produce related neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of male and female rats. Rats were fed fumonisin B1 at 15, 50, and 150 ppm for 4 weeks. No differences occurred in brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxytyramine, homovanillic acid, 5HT, 5HIAA, and the 5HIAA to 5HT ratios in either male or female rats, nor where there differences between the sexes. When compared across sexes, the norepinephrine to dopamine ratios were decreased (P < 0.05) in the 150-ppm-treated animals. This may suggest a fumonisin B1-induced imbalance in brain norepinephrine and/or dopamine. No differences were observed in pineal norepinephrine, 5HT, 5HIAA, and the 5HIAA to 5HT ratios. Since fumonisin B1 failed to duplicate the effects of the F. moniliforme-induced imbalances in 5HT and 5HIAA metabolism in the brains of rats, other mycotoxins from F. moniliforme may be responsible for these effects. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Porter, J K AU - Voss, K A AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R. B. Russell Agriculture Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 360 EP - 364 VL - 202 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - 3-methoxytyramine KW - JCH2767EDP KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Dopamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Animals KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Norepinephrine -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Pineal Gland -- metabolism KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- anatomy & histology KW - Pineal Gland -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75613652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Neurotransmitters+in+rats+fed+fumonisin+B1.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisins--mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. AN - 75612409; 8450559 AB - Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, which is a common contaminant of corn everywhere in the world. The fumonisins are carcinogenic in laboratory rats, and cause acute toxicity of domestic animals that mimics field cases of disease attributed to contamination of feed by F. moniliforme. These include both equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fusarium moniliforme contamination of corn consumed by humans in certain areas of the world is associated with higher than average incidence of esophageal cancer, and fumonisins may be responsible. Analytical methods have been developed for fumonisins, but improvements are needed so that more accurate, less expensive, and more rapid assays of food and feedstuffs can be done. Fumonisins are structurally similar to sphingosine, and may exert their biological activity through their ability to block key enzymes (sphinganine- and sphingosine-N-acyltransferases) involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis. Much more research is needed to define the extent to which this mycotoxin adversely affects the food supply, and its involvement in animal and human diseases. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 309 EP - 328 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Pulmonary Edema -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- veterinary KW - Humans KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Horses KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Pulmonary Edema -- chemically induced KW - Swine Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Encephalomalacia -- veterinary KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75612409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Fumonisins--mycotoxins+produced+by+Fusarium+moniliforme.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local Adoption of New Forestry Technologies: An Example from Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province AN - 61632305; 199300062 AB - Household economics & an example from Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province are used to explore the characteristics influencing household & community adoption of new forestry technologies. Household attitudes toward risk & household expectations of the uncertain gains from adoption are critical. Adopting households probably have higher incomes & greater endowments of land, labor, & capital. Good extension foresters are also important, but personal character is possibly more important than technical expertise. 4 Tables, 1 Appendix, 8 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - World Development AU - Amacher, Gregory S AU - Hyde, William F AU - Rafiq, Mohammed AD - Economic Research Service, Washington DC Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 445 EP - 453 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0305-750X, 0305-750X KW - new forestry technologies, household/community adoption KW - illustrative example KW - Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province KW - Pakistan KW - Households KW - Technology KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 8310: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61632305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Development&rft.atitle=Local+Adoption+of+New+Forestry+Technologies%3A+An+Example+from+Pakistan%27s+Northwest+Frontier+Province&rft.au=Amacher%2C+Gregory+S%3BHyde%2C+William+F%3BRafiq%2C+Mohammed&rft.aulast=Amacher&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Development&rft.issn=0305750X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pakistan; Forestry; Technology; Households ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near-surface air temperature as substitute for skin temperature in regional surface flux estimation AN - 50367106; 1993-005384 AB - Wind velocity and temperature profiles measured by radiosondes were used in combination with near-surface air temperatures, in order to derive surface fluxes of sensible heat H and of momentum u*. The role of the near-surface air temperature was to stabilize the otherwise noisy radiosonde profiles. The computational procedure was developed from standard Monin-Obukhov flux-profile relationships for the atmospheric surface layer. The measurements were made in the context of the International Alpine Experiment ALPEX at the Rietholzbach catchment in a region of complex rugged terrain of the Swiss Fore-Alps. The positive correlation (r = 0.7) between the profile derived values of H and those obtained at a central station of the catchment, supports the existence of a surface layer even above this very rough terrain. The values of latent heat flux (evaporation) obtained from these H values by means of the energy budget agreed well (r = 0.94) with lysimeter measurements at the central station. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Qualls, Russell J AU - Brutsaert, Wilfried AU - Kustas, William P Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 381 EP - 393 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 143 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - soils KW - heat flux KW - Alps KW - atmosphere KW - Europe KW - Switzerland KW - air-soils interface KW - temperature KW - theoretical studies KW - Swiss Alps KW - evaporation KW - Central Europe KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50367106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Near-surface+air+temperature+as+substitute+for+skin+temperature+in+regional+surface+flux+estimation&rft.au=Qualls%2C+Russell+J%3BBrutsaert%2C+Wilfried%3BKustas%2C+William+P&rft.aulast=Qualls&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air-soils interface; Alps; atmosphere; Central Europe; Europe; evaporation; field studies; heat flux; soils; Swiss Alps; Switzerland; temperature; theoretical studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas, water and solute transport in soils containing macropores; a review of methodology AN - 50365299; 1993-010827 AB - The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil bodies, interacting with weather, management practices, and chemical and biological processes, influence the movement of gas, water, and solutes in cropland ecosystems. The activities of soil biota, especially through their effects on soil porosity, impact on these properties and processes. This paper reviews methods for measuring flow into and through the soil, with emphasis on the techniques being developed to assess the importance of biological activity on the flow characteristics of soils. The discussion of methods used to characterize gas, water, and solute transport in soils addresses conditions under which their use may or may not be appropriate and the need for further methodology development. JF - Geoderma AU - Edwards, W M AU - Shipitalo, M J AU - Owens, L B A2 - Brussaard, L. A2 - Kooistra, M. J. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 31 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - water KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - chemical dispersion KW - physicochemical properties KW - movement KW - water regimes KW - ecosystems KW - porosity KW - biota KW - gases KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50365299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Gas%2C+water+and+solute+transport+in+soils+containing+macropores%3B+a+review+of+methodology&rft.au=Edwards%2C+W+M%3BShipitalo%2C+M+J%3BOwens%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International workshop on Methods of research on soil structure/soil biota interrelationships N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 97 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biota; chemical dispersion; ecosystems; experimental studies; gases; movement; physicochemical properties; porosity; soils; water; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salinity and citriculture. AN - 1859453110; 14969929 AB - Soil salinity significantly limits citrus production in many areas worldwide. Although data on fruit yields in response to salinity are limited, they indicate that grapefruit, lemons, and oranges are among the most sensitive of all agricultural crops. Fruit yields decrease about 13% for each 1.0 dS m(-1) increase in electrical conductivity of the saturated-soil extract (EC(e)) once soil salinity exceeds a threshold EC(e) of 1.4 dS m(-1). Accumulation of excess Cl(-) and Na(+) can cause specific ion toxicities, but this problem can be minimized by selecting rootstocks that restrict the uptake of these ions. During the past two decades, numerous papers describing the agronomic and physiological responses of citrus to salinity have been published. This paper reviews these research reports and discusses differences in the response of citrus species to salt stress, the role of different rootstocks, the causes of salt injury, and the interactions of other environmental conditions or stresses with salinity. JF - Tree physiology AU - Maas, E V AD - U. S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, CA 92501, USA. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 195 EP - 216 VL - 12 IS - 2 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859453110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+physiology&rft.atitle=Salinity+and+citriculture.&rft.au=Maas%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Maas&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+physiology&rft.issn=1758-4469&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens by culturing pools of egg contents. AN - 75620118; 8441730 AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine whether Salmonella enteritidis could be detected efficiently in pooled samples of the contents of eggs laid by experimentally infected hens. In Experiment 1, groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with either 10(4) or 10(6) S. enteritidis cells. In Experiment 2, one-third of the hens in each group were orally inoculated with 10(6) S. enteritidis cells. At 2 wk postinoculation, culturing egg pools yielded positive results at frequencies similar to those obtained by culturing fecal samples, culturing internal organs, or testing for specific serum antibodies. Culturing fecal samples detected a higher percentage of exposed hens than egg pool culturing at 1 and 3 wk, and serum antibody tests were superior at 3 and 4 wk. In Experiment 1, more than 46% of the hens inoculated with 10(6) S. enteritidis cells laid at least one contaminated egg during the 2nd wk postinoculation. In Experiment 2, over 34% of the hens produced at least one contaminated egg during the 2nd wk postinoculation, but very few contaminated egg pools were identified during the 3rd and 4th wk. Bacteriological culturing of pooled egg contents for S. enteritidis, therefore, can apparently provide an effective method for assessing the potential public health threat posed by a flock. JF - Poultry science AU - Gast, R K AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 267 EP - 274 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Female KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75620118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+experimentally+infected+laying+hens+by+culturing+pools+of+egg+contents.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overexpression of a Rhizopus delemar lipase gene in Escherichia coli. AN - 75609671; 8441342 AB - A cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid encoding the precursor polypeptide of an extracellular lipase from the fungus Rhizopus delemar was altered by site-directed mutagenesis to generate deoxyribonucleic acid fragments that specifically code for the polypeptides of the proenzyme and the mature form of the lipase. Attempts to produce these polypeptides in enzymatically active form in Escherichia coli revealed toxic effects toward the host. Therefore the polypeptides were expressed as inactive and insoluble forms in the cytoplasm of E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells using plasmid vector pET11-d. With this tightly regulated high-level expression system, lipase and prolipase polypeptides were produced to estimated levels of up to 21% and 15%, respectively, of total cellular protein. The insoluble polypeptides were solubilized in 8 M urea. Refolding into active forms was achieved by treatment with the redox system cystine/cysteine and dilution. Refolded mature lipase was purified to homogeneity by affinity and ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme had a specific activity comparable to that of lipase from the fungal culture. The quantities of pure enzyme obtained from a 1-L culture of E. coli exceeded those obtained from the fungal culture by a factor of at least 100. Refolded recombinant prolipase was purified essentially to homogeneity and had a specific activity similar to that of the mature enzyme. Its pH optimum was 7.5, rather than the pH 8 determined for recombinant mature lipase and for the enzyme purified from the fungal culture. Recombinant prolipase retained activity after 15 min incubation at 65 degrees C, while mature lipase retained activity only up to 45 degrees C. JF - Lipids AU - Joerger, R D AU - Haas, M J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cystine KW - 48TCX9A1VT KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Dithiothreitol KW - T8ID5YZU6Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Dithiothreitol -- pharmacology KW - Protein Folding KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Rhizopus -- genetics KW - Rhizopus -- enzymology KW - Gene Expression KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Lipase -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75609671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Overexpression+of+a+Rhizopus+delemar+lipase+gene+in+Escherichia+coli.&rft.au=Joerger%2C+R+D%3BHaas%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Joerger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of cattle age, lithium chloride dose level, and food type in the retention of food aversions. AN - 75601940; 8382673 AB - The influences of animal age and lithium chloride (LiCl) dose levels were evaluated in forming and retaining food aversions to licorice-flavored alfalfa pellets and beet pulp. Lithium chloride (100, 200, 300 mg/kg BW) was given to yearling and mature cattle by gavage (four animals per age-dose treatment group) after meals of the test food. Cattle dosed with the higher levels of LiCl formed aversions more rapidly in both trials than those dosed at lower levels. Both age classes extinguished aversions to licorice-flavored alfalfa pellets, but aversions to beet pulp persisted. Mature cattle retained aversions to beet pulp to a greater extent than did young cattle in social facilitation and single-choice persistence trials. Of dosages studied, the optimum for retaining aversions to beet pulp was 200 mg/kg BW for mature cows. Yearling cattle required 300 mg/kg for complete abstinence. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Cheney, C D AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Chlorides KW - 0 KW - Lithium KW - 9FN79X2M3F KW - Lithium Chloride KW - G4962QA067 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Vegetables KW - Taste KW - Female KW - Medicago sativa KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Animal Feed KW - Chlorides -- administration & dosage KW - Lithium -- administration & dosage KW - Chlorides -- adverse effects KW - Appetite -- drug effects KW - Lithium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75601940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+cattle+age%2C+lithium+chloride+dose+level%2C+and+food+type+in+the+retention+of+food+aversions.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BCheney%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype x environment interactions in preweaning traits of purebred and reciprocal cross Angus and Brahman calves on common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures. AN - 75597413; 8440651 AB - Preweaning data on 486 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal cross calves (AB, BA) managed on common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue were used to evaluate the interactions of forage type and sex of calf with direct effects, individual heterosis, and maternal effects. Calves were spring-born in 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 to five sires of each breed. Male calves were castrated at birth, and calves were not creep-fed. Average values of heterosis for birth weight, 205-d weight, weaning hip height, and weaning weight:height ratio (WT/HT) were important (P < .01) and consistent across forage environment. Heterosis for birth weight was larger in bull calves than in heifer calves (P < .05), whereas heterosis for other preweaning traits were consistent across sex of calf. Average maternal effects for WT/HT (P < .10) were important and consistent across forage environment. Maternal effects for birth weight were larger with bull calves than with heifer calves (P < .01). Maternal effects for weaning hip height favored the Angus dam managed on bermudagrass (P < .05) but not managed on fescue. A similar but nonsignificant trend occurred in maternal effects for 205-d weight. Direct effects for birth weight were larger in bull calves than in heifer calves (P < .01). Direct effects for weaning height were larger in calves managed on bermudagrass than in calves managed on tall fescue (P < .07). A similar but nonsignificant trend was evident in direct effects for 205-d weight. Direct effects for WT/HT were relatively small and unimportant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Tharel, L M AU - Brown, A H AU - Jackson, W G AU - Miesner, J R AD - South Central Family Farm Research Center, ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 326 EP - 333 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Birth Weight -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Food Microbiology KW - Sex Factors KW - Breeding KW - Weaning KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Weight Gain KW - Male KW - Female KW - Animal Feed KW - Cattle -- growth & development KW - Cattle -- genetics KW - Hybrid Vigor KW - Poaceae -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75597413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Genotype+x+environment+interactions+in+preweaning+traits+of+purebred+and+reciprocal+cross+Angus+and+Brahman+calves+on+common+bermudagrass+and+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue+pastures.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BTharel%2C+L+M%3BBrown%2C+A+H%3BJackson%2C+W+G%3BMiesner%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steroidal alkaloid toxicity to fish embryos. AN - 75594239; 8430437 AB - Embryos of two species of fish were evaluated for their suitability as model systems for steroidal alkaloid toxicity, the Japanese rice fish, medaka (Oryzius latipes) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the equine neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactone repin, was also tested. A PROBIT program was used to evaluate the EC1, EC50 and EC99 as well as the associated confidence limits. The steroidal alkaloids tested were the Solanum potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, the aglyclones solanidine and solasodine and the Veratrum alkaloid, jervine. Embryo mortality, likely due to structural or functional abnormalities in the early development stages of the embryo, were the only response observed in both species. The rainbow trout exhibited a toxic response to chaconine, solasidine, repin and solanine but the medaka embryos were only affected by the compounds, chaconine and solanine. Rainbow trout may indeed serve as a good lower vertebrate model for studying the toxicity of steroidal alkaloids. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Crawford, L AU - Kocan, R M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Steroids KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Female KW - Trout -- embryology KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- drug effects KW - Steroids -- toxicity KW - Oryzias -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75594239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Steroidal+alkaloid+toxicity+to+fish+embryos.&rft.au=Crawford%2C+L%3BKocan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification of a 40-kilodalton methyltransferase active in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. AN - 75589255; 8434913 AB - The penultimate step in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus involves conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin. An S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes this reaction was purified to homogeneity (> 90%) from 78-h-old mycelia of A. parasiticus SRRC 163. Purification of this soluble enzyme was carried out by five soft-gel chromatographic steps: cell debris remover treatment, QMA ACELL chromatography, hydroxylapatite-Ultrogel chromatography, DEAE-Spherodex chromatography, and Octyl Avidgel chromatography, followed by MA7Q high-performance liquid chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein peak from this step on silver staining identified a single band of approximately 40 kDa. This purified protein was distinct from the dimeric 168-kDa methyltransferase purified from the same fungal strain under identical growth conditions (D. Bhatnagar, A. H. J. Ullah, and T. E. Cleveland, Prep. Biochem. 18:321-349, 1988). The chromatographic behavior and N-terminal sequence of the 40-kDa enzyme were also distinct from those of the 168-kDa methyltransferase. The molar extinction coefficient of the 40-kDa enzyme at 278 nm was estimated to be 4.7 x 10(4) M-1 cm-1 in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Keller, N P AU - Dischinger, H C AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Ullah, A H AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 479 EP - 484 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Molecular Weight KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Methyltransferases -- isolation & purification KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Methyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Methyltransferases -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75589255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+of+a+40-kilodalton+methyltransferase+active+in+the+aflatoxin+biosynthetic+pathway.&rft.au=Keller%2C+N+P%3BDischinger%2C+H+C%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BUllah%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Anal Biochem. 1977 May 1;79(1-2):544-52 [68686] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Feb;27(2):394-9 [4207281] Biochemistry. 1973 Dec 4;12(25):5167-71 [4792300] J Agric Food Chem. 1976 Nov-Dec;24(6):1167-70 [1002895] J Agric Food Chem. 1976 Nov-Dec;24(6):1170-4 [1002896] Nature. 1977 Jun 30;267(5614):863-5 [895848] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Apr;39(4):835-9 [7377778] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9418-22 [3099282] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jan;53(1):14-6 [3103529] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2804-7 [3435144] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):2101-6 [3140727] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] J Mol Biol. 1989 Mar 20;206(2):313-21 [2541254] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 25;264(33):20131-9 [2684970] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):826-30 [1689055] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jan 15;166(1):38-42 [2405850] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Mycopathologia. 1990 Jul;111(1):39-45 [2233978] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] FASEB J. 1991 Sep;5(12):2623 [1916085] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 Jun 8;52(3):992-7 [4710576] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of coarse woody debris on morphology and sediment storage of a mountain stream system in western Oregon AN - 52715699; 1997-034641 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Nakamura, Futoshi AU - Swanson, Frederick J Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 43 EP - 61 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - United States KW - western Oregon KW - sedimentation KW - channels KW - rivers KW - debris flows KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - Cascade Range KW - Oregon KW - Willamette National Forest KW - Lane County Oregon KW - channel geometry KW - mass movements KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - drainage basins KW - trees KW - streams KW - storage KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52715699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Effects+of+coarse+woody+debris+on+morphology+and+sediment+storage+of+a+mountain+stream+system+in+western+Oregon&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Futoshi%3BSwanson%2C+Frederick+J&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Futoshi&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cascade Range; channel geometry; channels; debris flows; drainage basins; floods; fluvial features; fluvial sedimentation; Lane County Oregon; mass movements; Oregon; rivers; sedimentation; sediments; storage; streams; trees; United States; western Oregon; Willamette National Forest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oklahoma geology, the challenge in a changing environment AN - 50137617; 1995-035541 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Miller, Glen B AU - Tillman, Bob L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 38 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Oklahoma KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - water erosion KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50137617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Oklahoma+geology%2C+the+challenge+in+a+changing+environment&rft.au=Miller%2C+Glen+B%3BTillman%2C+Bob+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, South-Central Section, 27th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; geologic hazards; land use; Oklahoma; United States; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the possible requirement and reference dose levels for arsenic in humans. AN - 76280187; 8159966 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Uthus, E O AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 137 EP - 138 VL - 19 Suppl 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Arsenic -- administration & dosage KW - Diet -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76280187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+possible+requirement+and+reference+dose+levels+for+arsenic+in+humans.&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of aluminosilicate compounds to reduce aflatoxin residues and toxicity to poultry and livestock: a review report. AN - 76225056; 8108715 AB - The aflatoxins (AFs) are reported to be hepatotoxic, mutagenic, immunosuppressive, and carcinogenic. Methods to prevent, reduce, or remediate AF toxicity and residues in the environment are in great demand. Various AF-detoxification procedures are reviewed with particular emphasis on ammoniation and the use of adsorbent compounds to bind AF. A series of in vivo experiments by the authors are reviewed that evaluated the ability of a specific hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of AF to poultry and livestock and to reduce AF residues in milk. These studies showed that HSCAS forms stable bonds with AF in vitro, and when added to AF-contaminated poultry and livestock feeds, HSCAS is able to protect chickens, swine, and lambs from the deleterious toxic effects of AF and to reduce AF residues in milk of dairy cows and goats. These results indicate that HSCAS, when used in conjunction with other mycotoxin management practices, may prove effective for the preventive management of AF-contaminated feedstuffs in livestock and poultry and may reduce AF residues in the food-chain. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Phillips, T D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1453 EP - 1457 VL - Suppl Pt 2 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Goats KW - Sheep KW - Adsorption KW - Aflatoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zeolites -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zeolites -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76225056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+aluminosilicate+compounds+to+reduce+aflatoxin+residues+and+toxicity+to+poultry+and+livestock%3A+a+review+report.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BPhillips%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=Suppl+Pt+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal toxins in foods: recent concerns. AN - 75942497; 8369143 JF - Annual review of nutrition AU - Riley, R T AU - Norred, W P AU - Bacon, C W AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 167 EP - 189 VL - 13 SN - 0199-9885, 0199-9885 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Fusarium KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Food Contamination KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- poisoning KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75942497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Fungal+toxins+in+foods%3A+recent+concerns.&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BBacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+nutrition&rft.issn=01999885&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental equine leukoencephalomalacia, toxic hepatosis, and encephalopathy caused by corn naturally contaminated with fumonisins. AN - 75659422; 8466984 AB - A study to evaluate the effects of dietary fumonisin B1 was conducted using 6 ponies (4 test and 2 control). A ration naturally contaminated with fumonisin B1 was fed in 3 phases: 1) 44 ppm fumonisin B1, 2) less than 1 ppm fumonisin B1, and 3) 88 ppm fumonisin B1. All ponies were monitored daily, weighed weekly, and limit fed at a rate of 0.8% body weight plus hay. Feed intake was measured daily, and a serum chemistry panel was completed once or twice weekly. Four to 7 days after initiation of the trial (Phase 1), all 4 test ponies had decreased feed consumption, and selected serum chemistry parameters were markedly elevated. On day 9, 1 pony died acutely with mild encephalopathy and hepatic necrosis. Another pony, euthanized on day 45, also had mild encephalopathy and hepatic necrosis. The remaining 2 test ponies continued the 44 ppm fumonisin B1 diet for 98 days. Phase 2 consisted of a diet with < 1 ppm fumonisin B1 for 120 days. During this phase, the serum chemistry values of the 2 ponies returned to normal. Following Phase 2, the 2 ponies were fed a diet containing 88 ppm fumonisin B1. After 75 days, 1 animal died of equine leukoencephalomalacia with mild hepatic necrosis. On day 78, the remaining pony was euthanized after showing distress; it also had leukoencephalomalacia and hepatic lesions. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Ross, P F AU - Ledet, A E AU - Owens, D L AU - Rice, L G AU - Nelson, H A AU - Osweiler, G D AU - Wilson, T M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Animal Feed KW - Zea mays KW - Liver Diseases -- pathology KW - Horses KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Food Contamination KW - Brain Diseases -- pathology KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Encephalomalacia -- pathology KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75659422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Experimental+equine+leukoencephalomalacia%2C+toxic+hepatosis%2C+and+encephalopathy+caused+by+corn+naturally+contaminated+with+fumonisins.&rft.au=Ross%2C+P+F%3BLedet%2C+A+E%3BOwens%2C+D+L%3BRice%2C+L+G%3BNelson%2C+H+A%3BOsweiler%2C+G+D%3BWilson%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: J Vet Diagn Invest 1993 Jul;5(3):504 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between acetone, cataracts, and ascorbate in hairless guinea pigs. AN - 75621171; 8446366 AB - Acetone is one of the most commonly used industrial solvents. Recent literature indicated that in guinea pigs, but not rabbits, acetone is cataractogenic and that elevated acetone exposure is also associated with depressed aqueous ascorbate levels. Other work indicated that aqueous and lens levels of ascorbate are closely linked and that depressed ascorbate status is related to cataract. Taken together, these papers suggested that acetone exposure, depressed ascorbate levels, and cataract are related, possibly causally. While the possibility that acetone is cataractogenic presented a major health concern, it also presented an opportunity to develop a new model of cataract in which hypotheses regarding anticataractogenic effects of ascorbate could be tested. Albino hairless guinea pigs are immunocompetent animals derived from albino Hartley guinea pigs. Animals were fed diets containing low (4.9 mg/day) and high (55 mg/day) levels of ascorbate. This resulted in distinct groups of animals, one with high tissue ascorbate levels and the other with low, but nonscorbutic ascorbate levels. The tissue levels of ascorbate and the relationship between tissue ascorbate levels and dietary intake indicate that with respect to ascorbate uptake, transport, and concentration, these animals are identical to the standard albino Hartley animals. Daily exposure to acetone was extended for 6 months, with a total applied dose of 65 ml. Absorption of the solvent was maximized by the use of hairless animals. Despite exposure of the animals to higher levels of acetone, in no case (n = 20) were cataracts observed over a 2-year period. This is consistent with results using rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Ophthalmic research AU - Taylor, A AU - Smith, D E AU - Palmer, V J AU - Shepard, D AU - Padhye, N AU - Theriault, C AU - Morrow, F AD - Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University (HNRC), Boston, Mass. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 30 EP - 35 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0030-3747, 0030-3747 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lens, Crystalline -- metabolism KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Diet KW - Administration, Topical KW - Biological Availability KW - Cataract -- metabolism KW - Cataract -- chemically induced KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75621171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmic+research&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+acetone%2C+cataracts%2C+and+ascorbate+in+hairless+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+D+E%3BPalmer%2C+V+J%3BShepard%2C+D%3BPadhye%2C+N%3BTheriault%2C+C%3BMorrow%2C+F&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ophthalmic+research&rft.issn=00303747&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of tissue and serum sphinganine to sphingosine ratio: an early biomarker of exposure to fumonisin-containing feeds in pigs. AN - 75598156; 8430417 AB - Fumonisins are a group of naturally occurring compounds produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme. They are believed to be the etiologic agent of several animal diseases associated with consumption of corn-based feeds including porcine pulmonary edema. Recently it was shown in vitro that fumonisins are specific inhibitors of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferases. Inhibition of these enzymes in cultured cells results in the accumulation of free long chain sphingoid bases, specifically sphingosine and sphinganine, and the depletion of complex sphingolipids. In this study, tissues and serum from male SPF pigs fed a nutritionally balanced diet containing corn or corn screenings naturally contaminated with fumonisins for up to 14 days were analyzed for free sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipids. Total fumonisins (B1 and B2) in the diets were analyzed at 0 ( or = 23 ppm, and serum liver enzymes were significantly elevated at > or = 101 ppm. The results of this study show that free sphinganine is elevated in liver, lung, and kidney, from pigs consuming feeds containing fumonisins at total fumonisin concentrations of 23 ppm or greater. Sphingosine is also elevated in a dose-dependent manner, but to a lesser extent than sphinganine. The consequence of this differential inhibition is that the ratio of sphinganine to sphingosine increases, suggesting that sphinganine N-acyltransferase is the preferred target for fumonisins. Elevation of free sphinganine and free sphingosine in serum paralleled the increases in tissues. Statistically significant increases in the ratio were observed at feed concentrations as low as 5 ppm total fumonisins and in pigs (at higher concentrations) in which other serum biochemistry parameters and tissue morphology were not altered. Elevated ratios were also observed in serum from pigs fed pure fumonisin B1. The sensitivity of the ratio indicates that it could serve as an effective biomarker for consumption of fumonisin-containing feeds. In addition, the data supports the hypothesis that inhibition of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase plays an important role in the pathogenesis of animal diseases associated with consumption of feed containing fumonisins. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Riley, R T AU - An, N H AU - Showker, J L AU - Yoo, H S AU - Norred, W P AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Wang, E AU - Merrill, A H AU - Motelin, G AU - Beasley, V R AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Russell Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 105 EP - 112 VL - 118 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75598156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+tissue+and+serum+sphinganine+to+sphingosine+ratio%3A+an+early+biomarker+of+exposure+to+fumonisin-containing+feeds+in+pigs.&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BAn%2C+N+H%3BShowker%2C+J+L%3BYoo%2C+H+S%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BWang%2C+E%3BMerrill%2C+A+H%3BMotelin%2C+G%3BBeasley%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral administration of calcium salts for treatment of hypocalcemia in cattle. AN - 75581205; 8436668 AB - Milk fever is usually treated by i.v. administration of 8 to 10 g of Ca. Oral Ca salts have been suggested as an alternate treatment for milk fever. In our studies, plasma Ca concentration changes effected by various oral Ca preparations were compared. Solutions were administered by oral drenching of cows, and blood was obtained hourly. Calcium chloride increased plasma Ca better than Ca propionate, which increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate. A CaCl2 gel formulation increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate, but not as well as did Ca propionate. Concentrated solutions of Ca as CaCl2 increased plasma Ca better than diluted solutions. Rumen bypass of Ca salts increased plasma Ca concentration more than when Ca salts were placed into the rumen. Oral administration of 50 g of Ca as CaCl2 raised plasma Ca concentrations to the same extent as 4 g of Ca as CaCl2 given i.v. We also examined effects of oral Ca salts on plasma Ca concentrations of hypocalcemic periparturient cows and found that oral Ca treatment could treat mild cases of hypocalcemia. We also caution that CaCl2 use must be limited because excessive amounts cause severe metabolic acidosis. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Goff, J P AU - Horst, R L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010-0070. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 101 EP - 108 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Propionates KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Calcium Carbonate KW - H0G9379FGK KW - propionic acid KW - JHU490RVYR KW - Calcium Chloride KW - M4I0D6VV5M KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Calcium Chloride -- adverse effects KW - Calcium Carbonate -- therapeutic use KW - Kinetics KW - Propionates -- therapeutic use KW - Calcium Chloride -- therapeutic use KW - Female KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Calcium -- administration & dosage KW - Cattle Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Hypocalcemia -- drug therapy KW - Calcium -- therapeutic use KW - Hypocalcemia -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75581205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Oral+administration+of+calcium+salts+for+treatment+of+hypocalcemia+in+cattle.&rft.au=Goff%2C+J+P%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. AN - 75556753; 8381229 AB - A hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) was incorporated into diets (.5%) containing 3.5 mg/kg aflatoxin (AF) and 5.0 mg/kg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) singly and in combination. Male broiler chicks received ad libitum access to their respective diets and water from 1 to 21 days of age. Body weight gains were significantly (P < .05) depressed by AF and DAS singly and a synergistic interaction occurred between AF and DAS for a further depression of body weight gains. Alterations in hematological and serum biochemical values, as well as serum enzyme activities, were observed for the AF and the AF and DAS combination. Additionally, a significant interaction occurred between AF and DAS for some biochemical values and enzyme activities. Adding HSCAS resulted in almost total protection against the effects caused by AF alone, limited protection against the combination, but no protection against the DAS alone. These findings indicate that HSCAS can diminish the adverse effects of AF but not of DAS. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Huff, W E AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Yersin, A G AU - Phillips, T D AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - Trichothecenes KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - diacetoxyscirpenol KW - 2270-40-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Trichothecenes -- toxicity KW - Trichothecenes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Aluminum Silicates -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75556753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+hydrated+sodium+calcium+aluminosilicate+to+reduce+the+toxicity+of+aflatoxin+and+diacetoxyscirpenol.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BYersin%2C+A+G%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of carbofuran and the corn rhizosphere on growth of soil microorganisms. AN - 75552753; 8418938 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Wootton, M A AU - Kremer, R J AU - Keaster, A J AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Agronomy, Columbia, Missouri. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 49 EP - 56 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Thiocarbamates KW - 0 KW - butylate KW - 3U78PG73G7 KW - Carbofuran KW - SKF77S6Y67 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Agriculture KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Carbofuran -- pharmacology KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Actinomycetales -- growth & development KW - Actinomycetales -- drug effects KW - Fungi -- drug effects KW - Thiocarbamates -- pharmacology KW - Fungi -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75552753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+carbofuran+and+the+corn+rhizosphere+on+growth+of+soil+microorganisms.&rft.au=Wootton%2C+M+A%3BKremer%2C+R+J%3BKeaster%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Wootton&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide retention by a programmable automatic water/suspended-sediment sampler. AN - 75552688; 7678202 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Smith, S AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Water Quality & Ecology Research Unit, Oxford, Mississippi 38655-1157. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Pesticides KW - Triazines KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - metribuzin KW - QO836138OV KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analysis KW - Triazines -- analysis KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75552688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Pesticide+retention+by+a+programmable+automatic+water%2Fsuspended-sediment+sampler.&rft.au=Smith%2C+S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residue prevention strategies in the United States. AN - 75544238; 8420905 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Kindred, T P AU - Hubbert, W T AD - Residue Evaluation and Planning Division, USDA, Washington, DC 20250. Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 46 EP - 49 VL - 202 IS - 1 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Swine KW - Meat KW - Legislation, Veterinary KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - Milk KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Legislation, Food KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Drug Residues KW - United States Department of Agriculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75544238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Residue+prevention+strategies+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Kindred%2C+T+P%3BHubbert%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Kindred&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation processing AN - 745658019; 123040 AB - Ionizing radiation applications in food processing, its purposes and government position on food irradiation is discussed. The need for ASTM standards is explained and the results of the use of these standards are outlined. JF - Standardization News AU - Derr, Donald AD - (USDA's) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 27 VL - 21 IS - 7 SN - 0090-1210, 0090-1210 KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Irradiated foods KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiation processing KW - Sterilization (cleaning) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Standards KW - W4 902.2:CODES AND STANDARDS KW - W4 822.2:FOOD PROCESSING OPERATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745658019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Standardization+News&rft.atitle=Radiation+processing&rft.au=Derr%2C+Donald&rft.aulast=Derr&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Standardization+News&rft.issn=00901210&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of oleic acid to 10-ketostearic acid by a staphylococcus species AN - 745655025; 139235 AB - In the course of using microorganisms to produce value-added products from soybean oil or its fatty acids, a culture contaminant was isolated and tentatively identified as a Staphylococcus species. This microorganism converts oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) to 10-ketostearic acid (10-keto-octadecanoic acid) in growing cultures. Bioconversion was studied in two different media at temperatures from 30 to 41 degree C, with shaking at 150 rpm. Cells were grown in 50 mL of media for 24 h and then incubated with 0.25 g oleic acid for 24 h. Optimum conditions have allowed better than 90% conversion with 85% recovery. Unreacted oleic acid and 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid) are the only other compounds present in the ethyl ether extract of the fermentation broth. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Lanser, A C AD - NCAUR/ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 543 EP - 545 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Growth kinetics KW - High performance liquid chromatography KW - Incubation KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Ketoastearic acid KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Oleic acid KW - Thin layer chromatography KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Filtration KW - Gas chromatography KW - Fatty acids KW - Cell culture KW - Ethers KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745655025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+oleic+acid+to+10-ketostearic+acid+by+a+staphylococcus+species&rft.au=Lanser%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Lanser&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Filtration; Gas chromatography; Fatty acids; Cell culture; Ethers; Nuclear magnetic resonance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal denaturation of glycinin as a function of hydration AN - 745654255; 92237 AB - Hydration effects on the thermal stability of glycinin (soybean 11S protein) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In a model system with pure glycinin, the denaturation temperature (T sub(d)) decreased with increasing moisture. Between 22 and 44% moisture, two endotherms were observed, where the lower-temperature endotherm became progressively reduced in magnitude with a concomitant increase in a higher-temperature transition. At 45.5% moisture, only a single endotherm was observed. The regression curves over the entire moisture range from 2 to 66% were derived as asymptote functions, where M equals the percentage total moisture. Equations were developed from the curves, and the relationship between T sub(d) and moisture were: T sub(d) identical with 92.4+196.5e super(-0.068M) and, for the low-temperature endotherm, 82.4+144.3e super(-0.068M). By interaction of 11S protein with either ethanol, a neutral detergent (Triton X-100) or 40% sucrose, both one- and two-endotherm curves were generated. Such calorimetric behavior is indicative of nonequilibrium denaturation and supports the notion that structure reorganization during DSC is water content-dependent. Our findings suggest that either glycinin's acidic/basic subunits or a change in secondary protein structure may give rise to two endotherms. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Sessa, David J AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1279 EP - 1284 VL - 70 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) KW - Glycinin KW - Grain (agricultural product) KW - Hydration KW - Moisture KW - Molecular structure KW - Regression analysis KW - Soybean KW - Storage protein KW - Thermal denaturation KW - Thermal effects KW - Thermodynamic stability KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Calorimetry KW - W4 641.1:THERMODYNAMICS KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - EE 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - EE 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - EE 641.1:THERMODYNAMICS KW - EE 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745654255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Thermal+denaturation+of+glycinin+as+a+function+of+hydration&rft.au=Sessa%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Sessa&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydration; Mathematical models; Regression analysis; Calorimetry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical composition of Gaura suffulta and Gaura longiflora flower volatiles AN - 745654242; 92352 AB - Volatiles from the flowers of Gaura suffulta and Gaura longiflora were analyzed by GC/MS. Relative concentrations and identities of 21 compounds for G. suffulta and 25 compounds for G. longiflora were determined. JF - Journal of Essential Oil Research AU - Kint, Saima AU - Teranishi, Roy AU - Lingren, Pete D AU - Shaver, Ted N AU - Raulston, Jimmy R AD - USDA, Albany, CA, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 201 EP - 203 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1041-2905, 1041-2905 KW - Alcohols KW - Aldehydes KW - Eugenol KW - Flower volatiles KW - Gaura longiflora KW - Gaura suffulta KW - Lilac alcohols KW - Lilac aldehydes KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Night blooming flowers KW - Olefins KW - Onagraceae KW - Plants (botany) KW - Tridecene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Extraction KW - Gas chromatography KW - Chemical analysis KW - Composition KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745654242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.atitle=Chemical+composition+of+Gaura+suffulta+and+Gaura+longiflora+flower+volatiles&rft.au=Kint%2C+Saima%3BTeranishi%2C+Roy%3BLingren%2C+Pete+D%3BShaver%2C+Ted+N%3BRaulston%2C+Jimmy+R&rft.aulast=Kint&rft.aufirst=Saima&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.issn=10412905&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Extraction; Gas chromatography; Chemical analysis; Composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boron and selenium removal in boron-laden soils by four sprinkler irrigated plant species. AN - 745653122; 79866 AB - High concentrations of B and Se found in some arid environments are detrimental to sustainable agriculture. Vegetation management may be a remediation strategy designed to reduce soil B and Se concentrations to nontoxic levels. Two separate field experiments were conducted to study B and Se uptake in four different plant species grown in soil containing high concentrations of B (water-extractable B ranging from 1-10 mg kg super(-1) soil) and Se (total soil Se ranging from 0.1-1.2 mg kg super(-1) soil). The four species were Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss (Indian mustard), Festuca arundinacea Schreb cv. Fawn (tall fescue), Lotus corniculatus L. (birdsfoot trefoil), and Hibiscus cannibinus L. (kenaf). In the 1990 experiment, there were no differences in either tissue B or Se concentrations among the species. The mean tissue concentration was 105 mg B kg super(-1) dry matter (DM) and 0.75 mg Se kg super(-1) DM, respectively. In the 1991 experiment, mean shoot tissue concentrations of B ranged from a low of 96 mg kg super(-1) DM in tall fescue to a high of 684 mg B kg super(-1) DM in leaves from kenaf. Indian mustard accumulated the greatest amount of Se (>1 mg Se kg super(-1) DM), while the mean tissue concentration among the other three species was 0.36 mg Se kg super(-1) DM. For both experiments, soil samples were taken prior to planting and after harvest for each species to a depth of 0 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and analyzed for water-extractable B and total Se. Summary data from all species indicated that extractable soil B and total Se concentrations were reduced between 0- to 60-cm soil depth by 52 and 48% in 1990, and by 24 and 13% in 1991, respectively. Planting any of the four species tested in B-laden soils may lead to a reduction in both B and Se concentrations in the soil. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Cardon, G AU - Mackey, B AU - Ben-Asher, J AU - Wu, L AU - Beuselinck, P AU - Akohoue, S AU - Zambrzuski, S AD - USDA-ARS, Fresno, CA, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 786 EP - 792 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Agriculture KW - Boron KW - Brassica juncea KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Hibiscus cannibinus KW - Lotus corniculatus KW - Plants (botany) KW - Selenium KW - Soil pollution KW - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) KW - Trace elements KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 481.2:GEOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 481.2:GEOCHEMISTRY KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - EE 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - EE 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745653122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Boron+and+selenium+removal+in+boron-laden+soils+by+four+sprinkler+irrigated+plant+species.&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BCardon%2C+G%3BMackey%2C+B%3BBen-Asher%2C+J%3BWu%2C+L%3BBeuselinck%2C+P%3BAkohoue%2C+S%3BZambrzuski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=786&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil pollution; Trace elements; Selenium; Boron ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile components in juice from mandarin and mandarin hybrid fruit AN - 745653105; 93497 AB - Twenty-one volatile components of mandarin and mandarin hybrid fruits have been quantified and the amounts were compared to those reported earlier in mandarin and orange fruit. JF - Journal of Essential Oil Research AU - Shaw, Philip E AU - Moshonas, Manuel G AD - USDA, Winter Haven, FL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 101 EP - 104 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1041-2905, 1041-2905 KW - Citrus reticulata KW - Hybrid mandarin KW - Mandarin juice KW - Rutaceae KW - Volatile components KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Essential oils KW - Organic compounds KW - Chemical analysis KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745653105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.atitle=Volatile+components+in+juice+from+mandarin+and+mandarin+hybrid+fruit&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Philip+E%3BMoshonas%2C+Manuel+G&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.issn=10412905&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Essential oils; Organic compounds; Chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1,3-specific lipolysis of lesquerella fendleri oil by immobilized and reverse-micellar encapsulated enzymes. AN - 745652616; 87797 AB - Three types of reaction systems, all batch-mode, were employed for production of hydroxy (lesquerolic and auricolic) fatty acids via 1, 3-specific lipolysis of lesquerella fendleri oil: 'Free' Rhizopus arrihizus or immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase in reverse micelles (System I), Lipozyme suspended in lesquerella oil/isooctane mixture (System 2) and a suspension of water and free R. miechei lipase in lesquerella oil/osoctane mixture (System 3). The objective was to find the system that best maximized yield (i.e., percent hydrolysis), the proportion of hydroxy acids among the free acids liberated (hydroxy acid 'purity'), and recovery/reuse of lipase activity, and that could be easily adapted into a large-scale process. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hayes, Douglas G AU - Kleiman, Robert AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1121 EP - 1127 VL - 70 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Acyl migration KW - Encapsulated enzymes KW - Lesquerella fendleri KW - Lipolysis KW - Lipozyme KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bioreactors KW - Fatty acids KW - Enzymes KW - Biotechnology KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 822.3:FOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 802.1:CHEMICAL PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=1%2C3-specific+lipolysis+of+lesquerella+fendleri+oil+by+immobilized+and+reverse-micellar+encapsulated+enzymes.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Douglas+G%3BKleiman%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioreactors; Fatty acids; Enzymes; Biotechnology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers. AN - 745652570; 79848 AB - Selected herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) metabolites, and NO sub(3) super(-) were examined in near-surface unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in the midcontinental USA to study the hydrogeologic, spatial, and seasonal distribution of these contaminants. Groundwater samples were collected from 303 wells during the spring and late summer of 1991. At least one herbicide or atrazine metabolite was detected in 24% of the samples collected for herbicide analysis (reporting limit 0.05 mu g/L). No herbicide concentration exceeded the USEPA's maximum contaminant level (MCL) or health advisory level. The most frequently detected compound was the atrazine metabolite deethylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) followed by atrazine, deisopropylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine), prometon (2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methyoxy-s-triazine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1 methylethyl)acetamide), alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide), metribuzin (4-amino-6-(tert-butyl)-3-methylthio-as-triazine-5(4H)-one), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), and cyanazine (2-((4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)- 2-methy lpropionitrile). Nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (N), exceeding 3.0 mg/L (excess NO sub(3) super(-)), was found in 29% of the samples, and 6% had sub(3) super(-) exceeding the MCL of 10 mg/L. Ammonium as N was detected in excess of 0.01 mg/L in 78% of the samples. A nonlinear increase in the frequency of atrazine detection occurred with decreases in reporting limit. The frequency of atrazine residue detection (atrazine+deethylatrazine+deisopropylatrazine) was 25% greater than for atrazine alone. Herbicide detections and excess NO sub(3) super(-) were notably lacking in the eastern part of the study region where it was estimated that herbicide and fertilizer use were among the largest in the region. Prometon, the second most frequently detected herbicide, was associated with nonagricultural land use. Herbicide and excess NO sub(3) super(-) were more frequent in unconsolidated aquifers than in bedrock aquifers. Aquifer depth, as direct measurement of proximity to recharge sources, was inversely related to frequency of herbicide detection and excess NO sub(3) super(-). JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Burkart, Michael R AU - Kolpin, Dana W AD - USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 646 EP - 656 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Atrazine KW - Near surface aquifers KW - Nitrates KW - Prometon KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - Herbicides KW - Metabolites KW - Water analysis KW - Land use KW - Hydrology KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 403.2:REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT KW - EE 444.2:GROUNDWATER KW - EE 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 453.1:WATER POLLUTION SOURCES KW - EE 453.1:WATER POLLUTION SOURCES KW - W4 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - W4 444.2:GROUNDWATER KW - EE 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - EE 403.2:REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+and+land-use+factors+associated+with+herbicides+and+nitrate+in+near-surface+aquifers.&rft.au=Burkart%2C+Michael+R%3BKolpin%2C+Dana+W&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquifers; Hydrology; Metabolites; Herbicides; Water analysis; Land use; Nitrates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical treatment of the relationships between soil heat flux/net radiation ratio and vegetation indices AN - 745652062; 92669 AB - Relationships between leaf area index (LAI) and midday soil heat flux/net radiation ratio (G/R sub(n)) and two more commonly used vegetation indices (VIs) were used to analytically derive formulas describing the relationship between G/R sub(n) and VI. Use of VI for estimating G/R sub(n) may be useful in operational remote sensing models that evaluate the spatial variation in the surface energy balance over large areas. While previous experimental data have shown that linear equations can adequately describe the relationship between G/R sub(n) and VI, this analytical treatment indicated that nonlinear relationships are more appropriate. Data over bare soil and soybeans under a range of canopy cover conditions from a humid climate and data collected over bare soil, alfalfa, and cotton fields in an arid climate were used to evaluate model formulations derived for LAI and G/R sub(n), LAI and VI, and VI and G/R sub(n). In general, equations describing LAI-G/R sub(n) and LAI-VI relationships agreed with the data and supported the analytical result of a nonlinear relationship between VI and G/R sub(n). With the simple ratio (NIR/Red) as the VI, the nonlinear relationship with G/R sub(n) was confirmed qualitatively. But with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a nonlinear relationship did not appear to fit the data. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Kustas, William P AU - Daughtry, Craig ST AU - Van Oevelen, Peter J AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 319 EP - 330 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Heat radiation KW - Leaf area index (LAI) KW - Nonlinear equations KW - Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) KW - Parameter estimation KW - Plants (botany) KW - Soil heat flux/net radiation ratio KW - Soils KW - Surface energy balance KW - Vegetation indices KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Meteorology KW - Data acquisition KW - W4 731.1:CONTROL SYSTEMS KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 641.2:HEAT TRANSFER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Analytical+treatment+of+the+relationships+between+soil+heat+flux%2Fnet+radiation+ratio+and+vegetation+indices&rft.au=Kustas%2C+William+P%3BDaughtry%2C+Craig+ST%3BVan+Oevelen%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Meteorology; Data acquisition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of cotton balls to collect infant urine samples for super(2)H/ super(1)H and super(18)O/ super(16)O isotope ratio measurements. AN - 745650738; 72635 AB - To test the validity of cotton balls as a urine collection medium for hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio measurements, we moistened cotton balls with 1-5,and 10-mL aliquots of urine that contained either natural abundances or one of two enriched levels of super(2)H and super(18)O. The liquids were then expressed from the cotton balls, either at once, or after 30 or 60 min of atmospheric exposure, and analyzed for their super(2)H/H and super(18)O/ super(16)O isotope ratios. The super(2)H abundances of the fluids expressed from the cotton balls were significantly lower than the original values. This dilution of super(2) H, however, diminished in the samples that had a greater volume of urine. We observed no effects of volume of time on super(18)O. Our results indicate that at low urine volumes, ambient moisture dilutes super(2)H in the cotton balls, but isotope exchanges and evaporation have little or no effect on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic abundances of the urine samples. Total body water and energy expenditure values calculated from the super(2)H and super(18)O enrichments of 5- and 10-mL urine samples were within 1% of the theoretical values. Therefore, cotton balls are suitable for collection of infant urine samples for hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio measurements, if the volume of urine that can be expressed from a cotton ball is greater than or approximate to 5 mL. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Wong, William W AU - Clarke, Lucinda I AU - Laurador, Marisol AU - Feblic, Laura AU - Kletin, Peter D AD - USDA/ARS, TX, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1125 EP - 1128 VL - 44 IS - 8 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Biomedical engineering KW - Cotton balls KW - Hydrogen KW - Oxygen KW - Urine samples KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Materials Science & Engineering Abstracts KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 622.1:RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (GENERAL) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745650738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Use+of+cotton+balls+to+collect+infant+urine+samples+for+super%282%29H%2F+super%281%29H+and+super%2818%29O%2F+super%2816%29O+isotope+ratio+measurements.&rft.au=Wong%2C+William+W%3BClarke%2C+Lucinda+I%3BLaurador%2C+Marisol%3BFeblic%2C+Laura%3BKletin%2C+Peter+D&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlled, eight-position, thermal plate system for physiological investigations. AN - 745650600; 75236 AB - A portable, electronically controlled, eight-position thermal plate system (CELTEC) was developed for use in the physiological investigation of plant metabolic responses to temperature for the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Research Unit. The CELTEC, consisting of eight 5 cmx6.5 cm (2 in.x2.5 in.) temperature blocks and electronic thermal controllers, was designed to allow the selection of the same or unique temperatures on the eight temperature blocks. The CELTEC's thermal characteristics at four ambient temperatures are described, in addition to information on temperature block thermal stability across a range of physiological temperatures. A variety of applications of the CELTEC in the investigation of plant temperature responses are discussed. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Burke, J J AU - Mahan, T C AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 483 EP - 486 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Controlled eight position thermal plate system (CELTEC) KW - Heat pump systems KW - Microprocessor chips KW - Plants (botany) KW - Portable equipment KW - Temperature control KW - Thermodynamic stability KW - Thermoelectric equipment KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Physiology KW - Metabolism KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 704.2:ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT KW - W4 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 704.2:ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 616.1:HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS KW - EE 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - EE 731.3:SPECIFIC VARIABLES CONTROL KW - W4 616.1:HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 731.3:SPECIFIC VARIABLES CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745650600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Controlled%2C+eight-position%2C+thermal+plate+system+for+physiological+investigations.&rft.au=Burke%2C+J+J%3BMahan%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physiology; Metabolism ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - If Income Is Gamma Distributed, How Is Scale Invariance Possible? (A Critical Test of the Inequality Process) T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61713059; 93S26713 AB - The inequality process, deduced from the surplus theory of social stratification, implies that personal income or wealth (including human capital) is distributed as a gamma probability density function (pdf). The gamma pdf fits the income distributions of large population aggregates, eg, states (or provinces) & the whole nation, a finding called the "gamma law of income distribution." This law is empirically scale invariant (independent of level of aggregation) in large (eg, states) but not necessarily in small (eg, counties) population aggregates. However, if income is gamma distributed at the state level, the national distribution is a mixture of gamma pdfs, which is not in general itself a gamma pdf. This result does not disprove the inequality process: under a set of conditions that characterize empirical income distributions in large populations, gamma mixtures are gamma-like (gammoidal). These conditions may not hold for small population aggregates, eg, rural counties, & the income distributions of rural counties are often ungammoidal. It is shown that the fundamental theory of social stratification implies via the inequality process well-documented patterns of income distribution by area. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Angle, John Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 KW - inequality process, implied income distribution patterns KW - Social Stratification KW - Statistics KW - Methodology (Data Analysis) KW - Wealth KW - Income Distribution KW - proceeding KW - 0105: methodology and research technology; statistical methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61713059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=If+Income+Is+Gamma+Distributed%2C+How+Is+Scale+Invariance+Possible%3F+%28A+Critical+Test+of+the+Inequality+Process%29&rft.au=Angle%2C+John&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1993 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deriving the Size Distribution of Personal Wealth from "The Rich Get Richer, the Poor Get Poorer" AN - 61323298; 9401124 AB - A revised version of SA 39:6/91S24908/ASA/1991/6267. 1 Figure, 18 References. JF - The Journal of Mathematical Sociology AU - Angle, John AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 1301 New York Ave NW Washington DC 20005 Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 SP - 27 EP - 46 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0022-250X, 0022-250X KW - personal wealth distribution, size derivation KW - Measurement KW - Methodology (Data Analysis) KW - Wealth KW - Income Distribution KW - article KW - 0161: methodology and research technology; models: mathematical & other KW - 1019: social differentiation; social stratification/mobility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61323298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&rft.atitle=Deriving+the+Size+Distribution+of+Personal+Wealth+from+%22The+Rich+Get+Richer%2C+the+Poor+Get+Poorer%22&rft.au=Angle%2C+John&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&rft.issn=0022250X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JMTSBT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wealth; Income Distribution; Measurement; Methodology (Data Analysis) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long term use of saline water for irrigation AN - 52737126; 1997-028640 JF - Irrigation Science AU - Ayars, J E AU - Hutmacher, R B AU - Schoneman, R A AU - Vail, S S AU - Pflaum, T Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 27 EP - 34 PB - Springer International, Heidelberg VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - soils KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - water management KW - pollution KW - salinity KW - salt water KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - utilization KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52737126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Long+term+use+of+saline+water+for+irrigation&rft.au=Ayars%2C+J+E%3BHutmacher%2C+R+B%3BSchoneman%2C+R+A%3BVail%2C+S+S%3BPflaum%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Document feature - 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #52199 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; experimental studies; ground water; irrigation; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; salinity; salt water; soils; utilization; water management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation and rehabilitation of a tilting principal spillway riser; a case history AN - 52503560; 1999-026640 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Reed, Carol A AU - Keaton, Jeffrey R Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 66 EP - 67 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 36 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - Middle Branch Park River Dam #10 KW - North Dakota KW - failures KW - foundations KW - dams KW - spillways KW - drilling KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52503560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Investigation+and+rehabilitation+of+a+tilting+principal+spillway+riser%3B+a+case+history&rft.au=Reed%2C+Carol+A%3BKeaton%2C+Jeffrey+R&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists 36th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dams; design; drilling; failures; foundations; Middle Branch Park River Dam #10; North Dakota; spillways; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Channel erosion in watershed planning AN - 52502621; 1999-026625 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Miller, Glen B AU - Tillman, Bob L AU - Keaton, Jeffrey R Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 62 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 36 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - Oklahoma KW - planning KW - erosion KW - floods KW - waterways KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - water erosion KW - erosion features KW - gullies KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52502621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Channel+erosion+in+watershed+planning&rft.au=Miller%2C+Glen+B%3BTillman%2C+Bob+L%3BKeaton%2C+Jeffrey+R&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists 36th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; erosion; erosion features; floods; gullies; Oklahoma; planning; United States; water erosion; watersheds; waterways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The soil data layer in Arctic ecological studies AN - 51243999; 2008-069253 JF - Program and Abstracts - Arctic Science Conference AU - Moore, J P AU - Ping, C L AU - Pearson, Art Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 31 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fairbanks, AK VL - 44 KW - soils KW - spatial variations KW - Arctic region KW - data KW - ecology KW - environmental effects KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51243999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Arctic+Science+Conference&rft.atitle=The+soil+data+layer+in+Arctic+ecological+studies&rft.au=Moore%2C+J+P%3BPing%2C+C+L%3BPearson%2C+Art&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Arctic+Science+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 44th Arctic science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - AK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04953 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; data; ecology; environmental effects; soils; spatial variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land use effects of ground water quality within a layered and fractured aquifer AN - 51059308; 1996-014228 JF - ASAE Publication AU - Gburek, William J A2 - Mitchell, J. Kent Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 176 EP - 185 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 13-93 SN - 0197-1662, 0197-1662 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - watersheds KW - Appalachians KW - preferential flow KW - ground water KW - spatial distribution KW - multiple aquifers KW - basin management KW - Catskill Mountains KW - Catskill Formation KW - Trimmers Rock Formation KW - nitrate ion KW - chemical composition KW - mobility KW - Valley and Ridge Province KW - Upper Devonian KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - Paleozoic KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - MODFLOW KW - aquifers KW - models KW - water table KW - physical properties KW - New York KW - Devonian KW - detection KW - naturally fractured reservoirs KW - traveltime KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51059308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASAE+Publication&rft.atitle=Land+use+effects+of+ground+water+quality+within+a+layered+and+fractured+aquifer&rft.au=Gburek%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Gburek&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13-93&rft.issue=&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=0929355431&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASAE+Publication&rft.issn=01971662&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International symposium on Integrated resource management & landscape modification for environmental protection N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Appalachians; aquifers; basin management; Catskill Formation; Catskill Mountains; chemical composition; concentration; detection; Devonian; ground water; hydrology; land use; mobility; models; MODFLOW; multiple aquifers; naturally fractured reservoirs; New York; nitrate ion; North America; Paleozoic; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; preferential flow; soil management; soils; spatial distribution; traveltime; Trimmers Rock Formation; United States; Upper Devonian; Valley and Ridge Province; water quality; water table; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupling a chemical transport model to a GIS database for assessment of non-point source pollution in irrigated agricultural areas AN - 50338510; 1995-049031 JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Vaughan, Peter J AU - Corwin, Dennis L AU - Wang, Hong-Hua AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 127 EP - 138 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 13, Vol. 3 KW - solute transport KW - agricultural waste KW - spatial data KW - data acquisition KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - interactive techniques KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - soils KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - models KW - computer programs KW - information systems KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50338510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=Coupling+a+chemical+transport+model+to+a+GIS+database+for+assessment+of+non-point+source+pollution+in+irrigated+agricultural+areas&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Peter+J%3BCorwin%2C+Dennis+L%3BWang%2C+Hong-Hua%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13%2C+Vol.+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; ArcGIS; ArcInfo; computer programs; data acquisition; data processing; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; interactive techniques; irrigation; leaching; models; monitoring; nonpoint sources; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; simulation; soils; solute transport; spatial data; transport; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A GIS framework to assess the impacts of agricultural management systems on the environment AN - 50336348; 1995-049032 JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Pickus, Jonathan AU - Hewitt, Mason AU - Maidment, David R AU - Song, Don AU - Burkart, Michael AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 139 EP - 148 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 13, Vol. 3 KW - United States KW - degradation KW - Story County Iowa KW - spatial data KW - data acquisition KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - simulation KW - Iowa KW - seepage KW - ground water KW - triazines KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - adsorption KW - models KW - computer programs KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - information systems KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50336348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=A+GIS+framework+to+assess+the+impacts+of+agricultural+management+systems+on+the+environment&rft.au=Pickus%2C+Jonathan%3BHewitt%2C+Mason%3BMaidment%2C+David+R%3BSong%2C+Don%3BBurkart%2C+Michael%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Pickus&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13%2C+Vol.+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; agriculture; agrochemicals; ArcGIS; ArcInfo; atrazine; computer programs; data acquisition; data processing; degradation; geographic information systems; ground water; herbicides; hydrology; information systems; Iowa; land use; leaching; models; monitoring; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; seepage; simulation; soils; spatial data; Story County Iowa; transport; triazines; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detailed loess and Paleosol stratigraphy AN - 50315238; 1993-038631 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Ward, L B AU - Rutledge, E M AU - Wysocki, D A Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 9 EP - 23 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - lithostratigraphy KW - Quaternary KW - Mississippi Valley KW - clastic sediments KW - Phillips County Arkansas KW - eastern Arkansas KW - Cenozoic KW - sediments KW - loess KW - paleosols KW - USGS KW - Arkansas KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50315238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Detailed+loess+and+Paleosol+stratigraphy&rft.au=Ward%2C+L+B%3BRutledge%2C+E+M%3BWysocki%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arkansas; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; eastern Arkansas; lithostratigraphy; loess; Mississippi Valley; paleosols; Phillips County Arkansas; Quaternary; sediments; soils; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-elevation relationships on a volcanic plateau in the southern Cascade Range, northern California, USA AN - 50301635; 1993-045987 JF - Catena (Giessen) AU - Alexander, E B AU - Mallory, J I AU - Colwell, M L Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 113 EP - 128 PB - Catena-Verlag Rohdenburg, Cremlingen-Destedt VL - 20 IS - 1-2 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - United States KW - soils KW - lithostratigraphy KW - pedogenesis KW - andesites KW - volcanic rocks KW - lava flows KW - erosion KW - igneous rocks KW - Ultisols KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - vegetation KW - weathering KW - Andosols KW - Cenozoic KW - Cascade Range KW - California KW - Alfisols KW - plateaus KW - mountains KW - basalts KW - soil erosion KW - Northern California KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50301635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.atitle=Soil-elevation+relationships+on+a+volcanic+plateau+in+the+southern+Cascade+Range%2C+northern+California%2C+USA&rft.au=Alexander%2C+E+B%3BMallory%2C+J+I%3BColwell%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03418162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Document feature - sects., 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CIJPD3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; andesites; Andosols; atmospheric precipitation; basalts; California; Cascade Range; Cenozoic; erosion; igneous rocks; lava flows; lithostratigraphy; mountains; Northern California; pedogenesis; plateaus; soil erosion; soils; Ultisols; United States; vegetation; volcanic rocks; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptation of TR-20, project formulation-hydrology AN - 50238072; 1994-037878 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Chenoweth, John W AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.102 EP - 5.108 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - Kankakee River basin KW - Great Lakes region KW - geologic hazards KW - Newton County Indiana KW - Iroquois County Illinois KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - northeastern Illinois KW - Benton County Indiana KW - TR-20 KW - northwestern Indiana KW - La Porte County Indiana KW - Starke County Indiana KW - Will County Illinois KW - Indiana KW - floods KW - drainage basins KW - waterways KW - Porter County Indiana KW - USGS KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - Marshall County Indiana KW - Lake County Indiana KW - numerical models KW - Illinois KW - Jasper County Indiana KW - Kankakee County Illinois KW - Saint Joseph County Indiana KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50238072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Adaptation+of+TR-20%2C+project+formulation-hydrology&rft.au=Chenoweth%2C+John+W%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Chenoweth&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Benton County Indiana; data processing; drainage basins; floods; geologic hazards; Great Lakes region; hydrology; Illinois; Indiana; Iroquois County Illinois; Jasper County Indiana; Kankakee County Illinois; Kankakee River basin; La Porte County Indiana; Lake County Indiana; Marshall County Indiana; Newton County Indiana; North America; northeastern Illinois; northwestern Indiana; numerical models; Porter County Indiana; rivers and streams; Saint Joseph County Indiana; Starke County Indiana; TR-20; United States; USGS; waterways; Will County Illinois ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Past, present and future needs of SCS water quality modeling efforts AN - 50235142; 1994-037844 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Seinwill, Gerald D AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1.61 EP - 1.69 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - numerical models KW - erosion KW - government agencies KW - watersheds KW - water erosion KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - conservation KW - runoff KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - soil erosion KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50235142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Past%2C+present+and+future+needs+of+SCS+water+quality+modeling+efforts&rft.au=Seinwill%2C+Gerald+D%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Seinwill&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1.61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; erosion; government agencies; hydrology; numerical models; runoff; Soil Conservation Service; soil erosion; soils; U. S. Department of Agriculture; USGS; water erosion; water supply; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling for water supply forecasting in the West AN - 50235065; 1994-037880 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Garen, David C AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 6.1 EP - 6.8 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - numerical models KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - agriculture KW - prediction KW - streamflow KW - Western U.S. KW - theoretical models KW - water resources KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50235065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Modeling+for+water+supply+forecasting+in+the+West&rft.au=Garen%2C+David+C%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=6.1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; data processing; hydrology; numerical models; prediction; rivers and streams; streamflow; theoretical models; United States; USGS; water resources; water supply; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wetland identification SCS, Missouri AN - 50234461; 1994-037893 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Edwards, Jerry P AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 8.35 EP - 8.41 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - gauging KW - definition KW - Missouri KW - rivers and streams KW - government agencies KW - agriculture KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - wetlands KW - identification KW - floods KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Wetland+identification+SCS%2C+Missouri&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Jerry+P%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=8.35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; definition; floods; gauging; government agencies; hydrology; identification; Missouri; rivers and streams; Soil Conservation Service; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; USGS; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TR-20 proves viable flood reduction alternative AN - 50234434; 1994-037876 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mulvey, Laurel F AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.89 EP - 5.93 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - numerical models KW - geologic hazards KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - Perry Creek KW - TR-20 KW - Sioux City Iowa KW - Iowa KW - controls KW - Woodbury County Iowa KW - floods KW - waterways KW - USGS KW - construction KW - western Iowa KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=TR-20+proves+viable+flood+reduction+alternative&rft.au=Mulvey%2C+Laurel+F%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Mulvey&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; construction; controls; data processing; floods; geologic hazards; hydrology; Iowa; numerical models; Perry Creek; rivers and streams; Sioux City Iowa; TR-20; United States; USGS; watersheds; waterways; western Iowa; Woodbury County Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A disparity detected in hydrologic soil grouping AN - 50234378; 1994-037873 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Cerrelli, Geoffrey A AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.70 EP - 5.73 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - numerical models KW - classification KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - water regimes KW - storms KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=A+disparity+detected+in+hydrologic+soil+grouping&rft.au=Cerrelli%2C+Geoffrey+A%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Cerrelli&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; data processing; hydrology; numerical models; soils; storms; USGS; water regimes; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Object oriented simulation modeling of watersheds AN - 50234299; 1994-037858 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Kort, Robert E AU - Cassell, E A AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4.24 EP - 4.31 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - hydrology KW - object-oriented models KW - numerical models KW - digital simulation KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Object+oriented+simulation+modeling+of+watersheds&rft.au=Kort%2C+Robert+E%3BCassell%2C+E+A%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Kort&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=4.24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; digital simulation; hydrology; numerical models; object-oriented models; USGS; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SNOTEL AN - 50230161; 1994-037850 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Johnson, David E AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2.30 EP - 2.34 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - data acquisition KW - government agencies KW - water management KW - decision-making KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - Western U.S. KW - snow KW - theoretical models KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - SNOTEL KW - USGS KW - meteorology KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50230161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=SNOTEL&rft.au=Johnson%2C+David+E%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2.30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; data acquisition; decision-making; government agencies; hydrology; meteorology; SNOTEL; snow; Soil Conservation Service; theoretical models; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; USGS; water management; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment yield in a semiarid basin; sampling equipment impacts AN - 50219526; 1994-043914 JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Simanton, J R AU - Osterkamp, W R AU - Renard, K G A2 - Hadley, Richard F. A2 - Mizuyama, Takahisa Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3 EP - 9 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences, [Louvain] VL - 217 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - United States KW - methods KW - terrestrial environment KW - stream transport KW - erosion KW - stream sediments KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - semi-arid environment KW - watersheds KW - sampling KW - Walnut Gulch watershed KW - sediment yield KW - runoff KW - Arizona KW - sediments KW - basins KW - fluvial environment KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50219526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Sediment+yield+in+a+semiarid+basin%3B+sampling+equipment+impacts&rft.au=Simanton%2C+J+R%3BOsterkamp%2C+W+R%3BRenard%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Simanton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; basins; erosion; fluvial environment; methods; runoff; sampling; sediment yield; sediments; semi-arid environment; stream sediments; stream transport; terrestrial environment; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation; Walnut Gulch watershed; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Undiscovered oil and gas resources and leasing status of forest lands in Wyoming AN - 50214554; 1994-048924 JF - Guidebook - Wyoming Geological Association AU - Holm, Melody R AU - Powers, Richard B AU - Dolton, Gordon L AU - Law, Ben E AU - Fox, James E AU - Dersch, John S A2 - Stroock, Betty A2 - Andrew, Sam Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 375 EP - 385 PB - Wyoming Geological Association, Casper, WY VL - [44] SN - 0160-2829, 0160-2829 KW - United States KW - leasing KW - forests KW - petroleum KW - public lands KW - cost KW - recovery KW - Wyoming KW - potential deposits KW - energy sources KW - economics KW - land use KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50214554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guidebook+-+Wyoming+Geological+Association&rft.atitle=Undiscovered+oil+and+gas+resources+and+leasing+status+of+forest+lands+in+Wyoming&rft.au=Holm%2C+Melody+R%3BPowers%2C+Richard+B%3BDolton%2C+Gordon+L%3BLaw%2C+Ben+E%3BFox%2C+James+E%3BDersch%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=Melody&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=%5B44%5D&rft.issue=&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Guidebook+-+Wyoming+Geological+Association&rft.issn=01602829&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Wyoming Geological Association jubilee anniversary field conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WGGCAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost; economics; energy sources; forests; land use; leasing; petroleum; potential deposits; public lands; recovery; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil horizon use by the U. S. Soil Survey AN - 50202903; 1995-001850 JF - Catena (Giessen) AU - Arnold, R W AU - Eswaran, H A2 - FitzPatrick, E. A. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 375 EP - 381 PB - Catena-Verlag Rohdenburg, Cremlingen-Destedt VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - nomenclature KW - classification KW - horizons KW - pedons KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50202903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.atitle=Soil+horizon+use+by+the+U.+S.+Soil+Survey&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W%3BEswaran%2C+H&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03418162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Meeting / International Society of Soil Science, Commission V N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CIJPD3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; horizons; methods; nomenclature; pedons; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wind erosion prediction and control AN - 26330112; 2001-34-006219 (CE); 0074585 (EN); 0074585 (CI) AB - Few regions of the United States are entirely safe from wind erosion. Whenever the soil surface is loose and dry with limited crop residue cover, and the wind sufficiently strong, soil erosion will occur. Soil erosion by wind causes diffuse pollution, loss of topsoil, reduced crop production, and damage to both public and private facilities. Factors contributing to the wind erosion process can vary daily. This complex process presents a challenge to the science of wind erosion prediction and control. USDA Agricultural Research Service is developing a new Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) to overcome the limitations of the existing Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ). WEPS is a computer based model with submodels for crops, soils, tillage, erosion, weather, hydrology, and decomposition. USDA Soil Conservation Service assisted with the characterization of changes in the temporal soil properties of the tillage zone and ground surface and erosion rates at a validation site in the Great Lakes region. The results of the data collection for the soils and erosion submodels and a discussion of a windbreak demonstration site show the dynamic nature of the wind erosion process. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Nanney, R D AU - Fryrear, D W AU - Zobeck, T M AD - Soil Conservation Service, Crown Point, IN, USA PY - 1993 SP - 519 EP - 527 PB - I W A PUBLISHING, Alliance House, 12 Caxton St, London, SW1H 0QS, UK, [mailto:publications@iwap.co.uk], [URL:http://www.iwapublishing.com] VL - 28 IS - 3/5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Erosion mechanisms KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Crops KW - Mathematical models KW - Topsoil KW - Windbreaks KW - Tillage KW - Farms KW - Hydrology KW - Water pollution KW - Decomposition KW - Climatology KW - Air pollution KW - Wind effects KW - Soil conservation KW - Forecasting KW - Computer simulation KW - Agriculture KW - Article KW - EE 443.1:Atmospheric Properties KW - EE 821.3:Agricultural Methods KW - EE 723.5:Computer Applications KW - EE 641.3:Mass Transfer KW - EE 731.1:CONTROL SYSTEMS (EN) KW - EE 453:WATER POLLUTION KW - EE 641.3:MASS TRANSFER KW - EE 731.1:Control Systems (CI) KW - EE 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - EE 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - EE 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26330112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Wind+erosion+prediction+and+control&rft.au=Nanney%2C+R+D%3BFryrear%2C+D+W%3BZobeck%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Nanney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F5&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies using an airborne laser altimeter to measure landscape properties. AN - 26241517; 2001-61-001646 (CE); 2001-11-052465 (MT); 0085342 (EN) AB - Vertical surface properties of the landscape were measured using a laser altimeter mounted in a small twin-engine aeroplane. The laser altimeter makes 4000 measurements per second with a vertical recording precision of 0.05 m for a single measurement. These airborne laser measurements were analysed to provide information on topography, vegetation canopy and stream and gully cross-sections. Laser altimeter data were used to measure small (less than 0.20 m deep) and large gullies and stream cross-sections. Vegetation canopy heights, cover, structure and distribution were determined in studies in Texas and Arizona. Laser measurements of vegetation cover and height were significantly correlated with ground measurements made with line-intercept methods. While conventional ground-based techniques may be used to make all these measurements, airborne laser altimeter techniques allow the data to be collected in a quick and efficient way over large and inaccessible areas. The airborne laser altimeter data can also help quantify various land surface parameters needed for natural resource and landscape management or required by hydrological simulation models. Measurements of landscape properties over large areas provide a better understanding of landscape functions and can lead to the development of better management plans to conserve and improve the productivity of natural resources. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal AU - Ritchie, Jerry C AU - Jackson, Thomas J AU - Garbrecht, Jurgen D AU - Grissinger, Earl H AU - Murphey, Joseph B AU - Everitt, James H AU - Escobar, David E AU - Davis, Michael R AU - Weltz, Mark A AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA PY - 1993 SP - 403 EP - 415 PB - I A H S PRESS, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK, [mailto:zkundze@man.poznan.pl], [URL:http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/] VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Lasers KW - Altimeters KW - Landscapes KW - Vegetation KW - Management KW - Cross sections KW - Canopies KW - Gullies KW - Height KW - Streams KW - Natural resources KW - Precision KW - Correlation analysis KW - Computer simulation KW - Topography KW - Land KW - Recording KW - Mathematical models KW - Airplanes KW - Article KW - EE 943.3:SPECIAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENTS (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26241517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal&rft.atitle=Studies+using+an+airborne+laser+altimeter+to+measure+landscape+properties.&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+Jerry+C%3BJackson%2C+Thomas+J%3BGarbrecht%2C+Jurgen+D%3BGrissinger%2C+Earl+H%3BMurphey%2C+Joseph+B%3BEveritt%2C+James+H%3BEscobar%2C+David+E%3BDavis%2C+Michael+R%3BWeltz%2C+Mark+A&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - II. Snow hydrology processes and remote sensing. AN - 26074700; 2001-34-001683 (CE); 2001-14-008709 (MT); 0052747 (EN) AB - In the last 20 years remote sensing research has led to significant progress in monitoring and measuring certain snow hydrology processes. Snow distribution in a drainage basin can be adequately assessed by visible sensors. Although there are still some interpretation problems, the NOAA-AVHRR sensor can provide frequent views of the areal snow cover in a basin, and snow cover maps are produced operationally by the National Weather Service on about 3000 drainage basins in North America. Measurement of snow accumulation or snow water equivalent with microwave remote sensing has great potential because of the capabilities for depth penetration, all-weather observation and night-time viewing. Several critical areas of research remain, namely, the acquisition of snow grain size information for input to microwave models and improvement in passive microwave resolution from space. Methods that combine both airborne gamma ray and visible satellite remote sensing of the snowpack with field measurements also hold promise for determining areal snow water equivalent. Some remote sensing techniques can also be used to detect different stages of snow metamorphism. Various aspects of snowpack ripening can be detected using microwave and thermal infra-red capabilities. The capabilities for measurement of snow albedo and surface temperature have direct application in both snow metamorphism and snowpack energy balance studies. The potentially most profitable research area here is the study of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function to improve snow albedo measurements. Most of the remote sensing capabilities in snow hydrology have been developed for improving snowmelt-run-off forecasting. Most applications have used the input of snow cover extent to deterministic models, both of the degree day and energy balance types. Snowmelt-run-off forecasts using satellite derived snow cover depletion curves and the models have been successfully made. As the extraction of additional snow cover characteristics becomes possible, remote sensing will have an even greater impact on snow hydrology. Important remote sensing capabilities will become available in the next 20 years through space platform observing systems that will improve our capability to observe the snowpack on an operational basis. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Rango, Albert AD - USDA Hydrology Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA PY - 1993 SP - 121 EP - 138 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd , Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex, PO19 1UD, UK, [mailto:cs-journals@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.interscience.wiley.com] VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Remote sensing KW - Mathematical models KW - Snowpack KW - Hydrology KW - Microwaves KW - Drainage basins KW - Balancing KW - Albedo KW - Equivalence KW - Satellites (artificial) KW - Sensors KW - Space stations KW - Reflectivity KW - Grain size KW - Monitoring KW - Forecasting KW - Surface temperature KW - Airborne sensing KW - Marketing KW - Article KW - EE 444.1:SURFACE WATER KW - EE 454.1:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GENERAL) (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26074700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=II.+Snow+hydrology+processes+and+remote+sensing.&rft.au=Rango%2C+Albert&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of experimental removal of woody debris on the channel morphology of a forest, gravel-bed stream AN - 26024991; 2001-34-001728 (CE); 0102129 (EN) AB - Experimental removal of woody debris from a small, gravel-bed stream in a forested basin resulted in dramatic redistribution of bed sediment and changes in bed topography. Removal of debris changed the primary flow path, thereby altering the size and location of bars and pools and causing local bank erosion and channel widening. Marked bed adjustments occurred almost immediately following experimental treatment in May 1987 and continued through to the end of the study period in 1991. Increased bed material mobility was attributable to destabilization of sediment storage sites by removal of debris, buttresses, elimination of low-energy, backwater environment related to debris, and an infrared increase in the boundary shear stress resulting from the removal of debris-related flow resistance. In contrast to these changes, which favored sediment mobilization, deposition was favored by the elimination of debris-related scouring turbulence and by increased flow resistance from a developing sequence of alternate bars. A more regularly spaced sequence of alternate bars replaced the pretreatment bar sequence, whose location, size, and shape had been strongly influenced by large woody debris as well as by bank projections and channel curvature. Following initial readjustment of the stream bed during the first posttreatment year, loss of scouring turbulence and increased flow resistance from alternate bars resulted in deposition of approximately 44 m super(3) of sediment within the 96m study reach. The loss of 5.2 m super(3) to bank erosion left a net increase in sediment storage of 39 m super(3). Mean spacing of thalweg cross-overs and pools did not change measurably following debris removal, although variability of spacing between thalweg cross-overs tended to decrease with time as location of bars stabilized. No consistent pattern of change in mean residual depth of pools or in distribution of depths occurred within the first 4 years following debris removal. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Smith, R D AU - Sidle, R C AU - Porter, P E AU - Noel, J R AD - USDA, Juneau, AK, USA PY - 1993 SP - 153 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 152 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Debris KW - Bars KW - Sediments KW - Streams KW - Position (location) KW - Pools KW - Topography KW - Turbulence KW - Hydrology KW - Bank erosion KW - Adjustment KW - Scouring KW - Basins KW - Forests KW - Morphology KW - Deposition KW - Article KW - EE 444.1:SURFACE WATER (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26024991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+experimental+removal+of+woody+debris+on+the+channel+morphology+of+a+forest%2C+gravel-bed+stream&rft.au=Smith%2C+R+D%3BSidle%2C+R+C%3BPorter%2C+P+E%3BNoel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computer-controlled spray chill unit for red meat carcasses. AN - 25956055; 0044993 (EN); 0044993 (CI) AB - A computer controlled and operated spray chill unit which can be used in future research studies for both spray chilling and decontamination of red meat carcasses is described. The unit consists of two parts: (1) an electromechanical system, and (2) a data acquisition/control system. Design concepts for the spray chill system are (1) versatility, (2) rapid change of spray parameters, and (3) computer control of the electromechanical system. An added feature is the computer data collection system for recording information related to each carcass (pH of muscle, surface and internal tissue temperatures, and weights of each half carcass during the cooling cycle; velocity, temperature, and humidity of the chill cooler air) and environmental data related to spraying conditions (time and duration of spray period and temperature of sprayed solution). JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Anderson, ME AU - Dickson, J S AU - Hulse, M M AU - Drummond, ST AU - Crouse, J D AU - Marshall, R T AD - USDA-ARS Animal Physiology, Colombia, MO, USA PY - 1993 SP - 91 EP - 95 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Decontamination KW - Dehydration KW - Quality control KW - Sanitation KW - Computer applications KW - Freezing KW - Protective atmospheres KW - Data acquisition KW - Article KW - EE 723.2:Data Processing KW - EE 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - EE 723.5:Computer Applications KW - EE 802.2:Chemical Reactions KW - EE 821.4:Agricultural Products KW - EE 913.3:QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL KW - EE 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - EE 723.2:DATA PROCESSING (EN) KW - EE 913.3:Quality Assurance and Control KW - EE 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25956055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Computer-controlled+spray+chill+unit+for+red+meat+carcasses.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+ME%3BDickson%2C+J+S%3BHulse%2C+M+M%3BDrummond%2C+ST%3BCrouse%2C+J+D%3BMarshall%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater response to snowmelt in a mountainous watershed. Testing of a conceptual model AN - 25403476; 0102131 (EN); 0102131 (CI) AB - Snowmelt recharge to shallow (less than 25 m) groundwater systems is the primary source of streamflow in many mountainous watersheds, but characteristics of these systems are not well understood. Response time between snowmelt , piezometers and streamflow in the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed differs drastically from year to year depending on the extent of recharge from the snowmelt. This is believed to be caused by groundwater flow becoming confined during years with normal or above normal snowmelt recharge. A two-dimensional, variably saturated, groundwater model was applied to 3 years of data to validate the computer model and to test the conceptual model of the basin. Groundwater response measured in piezometers was simulated quite accurately when a confining layer (observed in drilling logs) was included, but not when the confining layer was omitted. Simulation results give credence to the variably saturated groundwater model, support the conceptual model of the basin, and improve our understanding of the shallow groundwater system in this mountainous watershed. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Flerchinger, G N AU - Deng, Y AU - Cooley, K R AD - USDA, Boise, ID, USA PY - 1993 SP - 201 EP - 214 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 152 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Melting KW - Watersheds KW - Testing KW - Computer simulation KW - Article KW - EE 444.2:Groundwater KW - EE 443.3:Precipitation KW - EE 723.1:Computer Programming (CI) KW - EE 444.2:GROUNDWATER (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25403476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Groundwater+response+to+snowmelt+in+a+mountainous+watershed.+Testing+of+a+conceptual+model&rft.au=Flerchinger%2C+G+N%3BDeng%2C+Y%3BCooley%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Flerchinger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the Burner Source Used in the ASTM Room Fire Test AN - 21252202; 11632157 AB - Modeling fire growth over wall linings in a compartment requires experimental data and a model of the fire source. Limited information is available for flames against a wall or in a corner. Steady- state experiments were conducted to characterize the corner ignition source used in the proposed ASTM room fire standard at two heat release rate levels, 40 kW and 160 kW, with natural gas and a mixture of natural gas and toluene as the fuel. Flame height, heat flux to wall, temperature, velocity, mass and enthalpy flux, and flame structure were measured primarily in the flaming region. Correlation calculations included flame height as a function of heat release rate, and temperature, velocity, and mass flux for corner flames as a function of heat release rate and height. JF - Journal of Fire Protection Engineering AU - Tran, Hao C AU - Janssens, Marc L AD - USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory2 One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison, WI 53705-2398; USDA Forest Service, 14th and Independence SW, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090 Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 53 EP - 66 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1042-3915, 1042-3915 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Fuels KW - Toluene KW - Temperature KW - Velocity KW - Natural gas KW - Heat transfer KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fire+Protection+Engineering&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+Burner+Source+Used+in+the+ASTM+Room+Fire+Test&rft.au=Tran%2C+Hao+C%3BJanssens%2C+Marc+L&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Hao&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fire+Protection+Engineering&rft.issn=10423915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F104239159300500202 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Toluene; Fuels; Temperature; Velocity; Natural gas; Heat transfer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104239159300500202 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration and Use of the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) in the GIS Environment AN - 19247932; 9310827 AB - NLEAP is a national screening model for identification of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching hot spots. The original model was point-based for use on a field by field basis with its own databases, user template files, and output analysis package. Application of the model across larger geographical areas such as aquifer systems, drainage basins, counties, and conservation districts requires the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology in conjunction with the existing model. Test cases run for the Sycamore Creek Watershed in Michigan and the South Platte drainage basin in eastern Colorado have demonstrated the feasibility and utility of using NLEAP in the GIS environment to identify NO3-N leaching hot spots across large areas. In particular, the NLEAP NO3-N Leached (NL) index was significantly correlated with regional groundwater NO3-N concentrations in eastern Colorado. Automation of the NLEAP-GIS interface is under development with emphasis placed on an updated NLEAP model that can run in conjunction with a range of existing (and future) GIS software tools both in the UNIX (e.g. GRASS) and DOS (e.g. IDRISI) systems. (See also W94-01146) (Author's abstract) JF - In: Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1993. p 5-28 - 5-35, 1 fig, 23 ref. AU - Shaffer, MJ AU - Brodahl, M K AU - Wylie, B K AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains System Research Unit, P.O. Box E, 301 S. Howes, Fort Collins, CO Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Computer models KW - *Geographic information systems KW - *Leaching KW - *Model studies KW - *Nitrates KW - *Nonpoint pollution sources KW - *Path of pollutants KW - *Water pollution sources KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Colorado KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Mathematical models KW - Michigan KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19247932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integration+and+Use+of+the+Nitrate+Leaching+and+Economic+Analysis+Package+%28NLEAP%29+in+the+GIS+Environment&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+MJ%3BBrodahl%2C+M+K%3BWylie%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SNOTEL AN - 19247892; 9310810 AB - Conceptual hydrologic modeling is being investigated by the USDA/Soil Conservation Service (SCS) to improve decision making by Western water resource managers. These models are data intensive and generally intolerant of problems with data availability, quality, or format. Data from the automated SNOpack TELemetry (SNOTEL) system and the data management capabilities of the Centralized Forecasting System (CFS) plays a vital role in conceptual modeling for water supply forecasting. The SCS data collection and management systems have the characteristics and proven reliability to support conceptual hydrologic modeling. SNOTEL is designed to operate in severe environments unattended for at least 12 yr. System performance averages > 98%. Three characteristics of the data from SNOTEL are particularly important: (1) data site distribution (the 570 SNOTEL sites are distributed throughout the major snowpack areas at critical elevations); (2) data time steps (SNOTEL is polled daily and more frequently when needed); (3) data to validate and update simulated values. (See also W94-01146) (Author's abstract) JF - In: Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1993. p 2-30 - 2-34, 5 ref. AU - Johnson, DE AD - Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting, USDA/Soil Conservation Service, 511 NW Broadway, Room 248, Portland, OR Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Data acquisition KW - *Network design KW - *SNOTEL Model KW - *Snowpack KW - *Telemetry KW - Data quality control KW - Data storage and retrieval KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Model studies KW - Remote sensing KW - Water supply KW - Western United States KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19247892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=SNOTEL&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Disparity Detected in Hydrologic Soil Grouping AN - 19245443; 9310833 AB - While attempting to hydrologically model a potentially hazardous embankment using the Soil Conservation Service's TR-20 computer program, a fallacy in the hydrologic soil grouping (HSG) of the soils of the watershed was found. The runoff curve number (RCN) (directly related to the HSG was examined while trying to simulate two different flood stages behind the embankment resulting from two separate storms. The model substantially overpredicted flood stages behind the embankment using standard procedures for the determination of both time of concentration (Tc) and RCN. Although the Tc was altered slightly, resulting in a minor lowering of floodstages, the RCN was significantly decreased (from 69 to 56) to produce the anticipated floodstages in the reservoir when running the two simulations. An on-site investigation revealed that some of the soils in the watershed should have their HSG reclassified. Reanalyzing the RCN using the results of the soils investigation resulted in a RCN of 56 which was expected. The investigation gives credibility to the use of the SCS TR-20 computer program as a valid hydrologic model. (See also W94-01146) (Author's abstract) JF - In: Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1993. p 5-70 - 5-73, 5 ref. AU - Cerrelli, G A AD - USDA-Soil Conservation Service, 339 Busch's Frontage Rd., Suite 301, Annapolis, MD Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Computer models KW - *Dam stability KW - *Hydrologic models KW - *Model studies KW - *Soil classification KW - *Soil properties KW - Earth dams KW - Earthworks KW - Mathematical models KW - Runoff KW - Storm runoff KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19245443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=A+Disparity+Detected+in+Hydrologic+Soil+Grouping&rft.au=Cerrelli%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Cerrelli&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling for Water Supply Forecasting in the West AN - 19245134; 9310840 AB - The USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is one of several federal agencies providing seasonal streamflow volume forecasts in the western United States. In an effort to improve its services and offer additional forecast products, the SCS has been improving regression forecasting techniques and has begun developing the capability to use conceptual hydrologic models. The new regression techniques can give significantly greater forecast accuracy than past practice, especially early in the forecast season. Conceptual modeling capability has begun with the development of a mean areal precipitation and temperature procedure based on an explicit accounting for orographic effects and optimal interpolation (kriging). Model comparison studies and experiments are underway to identify a model to implement that is appropriately conceptualized for this application and can be easily and robustly calibrated. The model will be used in a workstation-based, windowing computer environment. Future work will involve the development of stochastic precipitation and temperature models that will provide the future climate scenarios to use as input to the hydrologic model for the forecast period, and the development of decision support tools to enhance agricultural water management based on streamflow forecasts. (See also W94-01146) (Author's abstract) JF - In: Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1993. p 6-1 - 6-8, 21 ref. AU - Garen, D C AD - USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Water Supply Forecasting Staff, 511 NW Broadway, Room 248, Portland, OR Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Forecasting KW - *Hydrologic models KW - *Model studies KW - *Planning KW - *Streamflow forecasting KW - *Western United States KW - Agricultural water KW - Areal precipitation KW - Computer models KW - Kriging KW - Mathematical models KW - Orographic precipitation KW - Precipitation KW - Temperature KW - Water resources management KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19245134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+for+Water+Supply+Forecasting+in+the+West&rft.au=Garen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host protein(s) induces accumulation of the toxin cercosporin and mRNA in a phytopathogenic strain of Cercospora kikuchii AN - 17064110; 3889505 AB - Cercospora kikuchii strain S2 produces the important pathogenicity factor cercosporin in infected soybeans and in potato dextrose broth. In contrast, S2 accumulates virtually no cercosporin in a complete medium (CM) broth, a medium containing salts, yeast extract and casamino acids. In this study we show that CM cultures supplemented with aqueous extracts of soybean leaves or meal accumulated between 5 to 65 fold higher levels of cercosporin than unsupplemented cultures. Autoclaving or treating extracts with proteinase K severely attenuated their stimulatory properties, indicating soybean protein was necessary for cercosporin production in CM. Other proteins tested failed to stimulate cercosporin synthesis. The inducing effect of leaf extracts increased as plants underwent reproductive development, but fell sharply at seed set. Conditioning experiments demonstrated that stimulation of cercosporin accumulation was not due to alteration of the medium by the extract. Accumulation of a transcript whose expression is strongly correlated with cercosporin synthesis was enhanced in the presence of native soybean meal extract, but decreased when extracts were autoclaved or digested. Accumulation of other cercosporin-related transcripts also increased in the presence of native extracts, but were more strongly induced by autoclaved or digested extracts. Our data suggest that C. kikuchii responds to soybean protein(s) with increased cercosporin production and changes in transcript accumulation. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Ehrenshaft, M AU - Upchurch, R G AD - ARS/USDA, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 95 EP - 107 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Cercospora kikuchii KW - cercosporin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - pathogenicity KW - proteins KW - mRNA KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17064110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Host+protein%28s%29+induces+accumulation+of+the+toxin+cercosporin+and+mRNA+in+a+phytopathogenic+strain+of+Cercospora+kikuchii&rft.au=Ehrenshaft%2C+M%3BUpchurch%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Ehrenshaft&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mRNA; proteins; pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assimilation of super(15)N sub(2) and super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) by partially nitrate tolerant nodulation mutants of soybean AN - 17063524; 3883775 AB - Growth-chamber studies were conducted to evaluate nitrogen assimilation by three hypernodulated soybean [Glycine max] mutants (NOD1-3, NOD2-4, NOD3-7) and the Williams parent. Seeds were inoculated at planting and transplanted at day 7 to nutrient solution with 1 mol m super(-3) urea (optimizes nodule formation) or 5 mol m super(-3) NO sub(3) super(-) (inhibits nodule formation). At 25 d after planting, separate plants were exposed to super(15)N sub(2) or super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) for 3 to 48 h to evaluate N sub(2) fixation and NO sub(3) super(-) assimilation. Plant growth was less for hypernodulated mutants than for Williams with both NO sub(3) super(-) and urea nutrition. The major portion of symbiotically fixed super(15)N was rapidly assimilated (30 min) into an ethanol-soluble fraction, but by 24 h after treatment the ethanol-insoluble fraction in each plant part was most strongly labelled. Distribution patterns of super(15)N among organs were very similar among lines for both N growth treatments after a 24 h super(15)N sub(2) fixation period; approximate distributions were 40% in nodules, 12% in roots, 14% in stems, and 34% in leaves. With urea-grown plants the total mg super(15)N fixed plant super(-1) 24 h super(-1) was 1 times 18 (Williams), 1 times 40 (NOD1-3), 1 times 07 (NOD2-4), and 0 times 80 (NOD3-7). The 5 mol m super(-3) NO sub(3) super(-) treatment resulted in a 95 to 97% decrease in nodule mass and super(15)N sub(2) fixation by Williams, while the three mutants retained 30 to 40% of the nodule mass and 17 to 19% of the super(15)N sub(2) fixation of respective urea-grown controls. The hypernodulated mutants, which had restricted root growth, absorbed less super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) than Williams, irrespective of prior N growth condition. The super(15)N from super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) was primarily retained in the soluble fraction of all plant parts through 24 h. The super(15)N incorporation studies confirmed that nodule development is less sensitive to external NO sub(3) super(-) in mutant lines than in the Williams parent, and provide evidence that subsequent metabolism and distribution within the plant was not different among lines. These results further confirm that the hypernodulated mutants of Williams are similar in many respects to the hyper- or supernodulated mutants in the Bragg background, and suggest that a common mutational event affecting autoregulatory control of nodulation has been targeted. JF - Journal of Experimental Botany AU - Ohyama, T AU - Nicholas, J C AU - Harper, JE AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Physiol. Genet. Res. Unit, Univ. Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1739 EP - 1747 VL - 44 IS - 269 SN - 0022-0957, 0022-0957 KW - nitrogen KW - nitrogen oxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - nitrogen cycle KW - uptake KW - nodulation KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17063524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Assimilation+of+super%2815%29N+sub%282%29+and+super%2815%29NO+sub%283%29+super%28-%29+by+partially+nitrate+tolerant+nodulation+mutants+of+soybean&rft.au=Ohyama%2C+T%3BNicholas%2C+J+C%3BHarper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Ohyama&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=269&rft.spage=1739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00220957&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; nitrogen cycle; uptake; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of reductant level in skeletal muscle and liver on the rate of loss of thiamin due to gamma -radiation AN - 17024295; 3867173 AB - A study was made of thiamin content of the skeletal muscles and livers of pork, chicken and beef after gamma -irradiation. gamma -Radiation from a super(137)Cs source was used to irradiate the samples with doses of 0, 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 kGy at 2 degree C. Samples were also titrated with dichlorophenolindophenol to determine the reducing capacity of the tissues. The rate of loss of thiamin upon irradiation was found to be about three time as as fast in skeletal muscle as it was in liver, and to be a function of the reducing capacity of the tissues, the loss decreasing with increasing reductant titer. For the same amount of thiamin loss, liver could be irradiated to three times the dose as could muscle. (DBO) JF - International Journal of Radiation Biology AU - Fox, JB Jr AU - Lakritz, L AU - Thayer, D W AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., Food Safety Res. Unit, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 305 EP - 309 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0955-3002, 0955-3002 KW - thiamine KW - chickens KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - beef KW - meat KW - pork KW - liver KW - gamma radiation KW - skeletal muscle KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Radiation+Biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+reductant+level+in+skeletal+muscle+and+liver+on+the+rate+of+loss+of+thiamin+due+to+gamma+-radiation&rft.au=Fox%2C+JB+Jr%3BLakritz%2C+L%3BThayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=JB&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Radiation+Biology&rft.issn=09553002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gamma radiation; skeletal muscle; liver; beef; pork; meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete sordida to treat creosote-contaminated soil AN - 17013854; 3848739 AB - A field study to determine the ability of selected lignin-degrading fungi to remediate soil contaminated with creosote was performed at a wood-treating facility in south central Mississippi in the autumn of 1991. The effects of solid-phase bioremediation with Phanerochaete sordida and of two control treatments on soil concentrations of 14 priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components of creosote were followed for 56 days. PAH analytes containing greater than or equal to 5 rings persisted at their original concentrations in all treatments. However, depletion of 3-ring (85-95%) and 4-ring (24-72%) analytes after 56 days was greater in the fungal treatment than in control treatments in all cases. This finding demonstrates the potential of lignin-degrading fungi in the solid-phase bioremediation of creosote-contaminated soils. However, the persistence of the larger analytes represents a significant challenge to this developing technology. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Davis, M W AU - Glaser, JA AU - Evans, J W AU - Lamar, R T AD - Inst. Microb. and Biochem. Technol., For. Prod. Lab., USDA, For. Serv., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2572 EP - 2576 VL - 27 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Phanerochaete sordida KW - lignin KW - creosote KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+the+lignin-degrading+fungus+Phanerochaete+sordida+to+treat+creosote-contaminated+soil&rft.au=Davis%2C+M+W%3BGlaser%2C+JA%3BEvans%2C+J+W%3BLamar%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; soil; soil remediation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-phase treatment of a pentachlorophenol-contaminated soil using lignin-degrading fungi AN - 17009431; 3848740 AB - The abilities of three lignin-degrading fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phanerochaete sordida, and Trametes hirsuta, to deplete pentachlorophenol (PCP) from soil contaminated with PCP and creosote were evaluated. A total of seven fungal and three control treatments were examined for their effect on the soil PCP concentration over eight weeks in two complementary field treatability studies at the Brookhaven Wood Preserving Facility in Brookhaven, MS. The fungi were applied to the soil as pure or mixed cultures at several different inoculum loading levels (inoculum:soil, w/w, dry). Inoculation of soil that contained 672 mu g g super(-1) PCP and 4017 mu g g super(-1) total measured polynuclear aromatic components of creosote with P. sordida at 10% resulted in the greatest decrease in PCP concentration (89%). PCP decreases by P. chrysosporium (67%-72%) or T. hirsuta (55%) at the same inoculum loading level were less extensive. The results of this study demonstrate that with further development, bioaugmentation using lignin-degrading fungi has the potential to be a viable treatment option for the remediation of PCP-contaminated soils. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Lamar, R T AU - Evans, J W AU - Glaser, JA AD - For. Prod. Lab., USDA, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2566 EP - 2571 VL - 27 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - pentachlorophenol KW - lignin KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - Phanerochaete KW - Trametes hirsuta KW - contamination KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Solid-phase+treatment+of+a+pentachlorophenol-contaminated+soil+using+lignin-degrading+fungi&rft.au=Lamar%2C+R+T%3BEvans%2C+J+W%3BGlaser%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Lamar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete; Trametes hirsuta; soil; contamination; biodegradation; soil remediation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating daily nutrient fluxes to a large piedmont reservoir from limited tributary data AN - 16992990; 3831711 AB - Physically based models of lakes require estimates of daily, spatially varied water and nutrient fluxes into the lake from surrounding watersheds. Often, however, only a selected set of streams are periodically (monthly or biweekly) sampled. The objective of this study was to develop and test a method for estimating daily flux of nutrients into a large reservoir using data from sampling of selected watersheds. Flow rate, nitrate (NO sub(3)-N), total nitrogen (TN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured monthly during 1991 for eight watersheds that feed Lake Lanier in northern Georgia. Daily stream flow in the eight streams was correlated to data from nearby USGS gauged stream stations, and daily nutrient concentrations were related to watershed land use and monthly variation in measured concentrations. Fraction of agricultural land in the watershed (AG) was the only land use parameter that correlated to nonpoint-source loads. Coefficients of determination for linear regressions between AG and NO sub(3)-N, TN, SRP, TP, and COD were 0.74, 0.73, 0.47, 0.84, and 0.52, respectively. The relationships were tested on an independent data set consisting of two samples from 19 additional streams. Coefficients of determination (r super(2)) between measured and predicted data for the independent test data was 0.77, 0.52, 0.66, 0.64, 0.69, and 0.76 for stream flow, NO sub(3)-N, TN, SRP, TP, and COD, respectively. Percentages of nutrient loads attributable to nonpoint-source loads ranged between 76% for TN to 92% for TP and COD, whereas those attributable to agricultural nonpoint source were about 15% for COD, 28% for TN, 34% for NO sub(3)-N, 40% for TP, and 70% for SRP. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Nearing, MA AU - Risse, R M AU - Rogers, L F AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 Soil Bldg., W. Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 666 EP - 671 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - data interpretation KW - estimating KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - nutrients KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - pollution monitoring KW - reservoirs KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - tributaries KW - USA, Georgia, Lanier L. KW - chemical oxygen demand KW - water quality control KW - land use KW - regression analysis KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16992990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Estimating+daily+nutrient+fluxes+to+a+large+piedmont+reservoir+from+limited+tributary+data&rft.au=Nearing%2C+MA%3BRisse%2C+R+M%3BRogers%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution monitoring; nutrients (mineral); water quality control; chemical oxygen demand; tributaries; regression analysis; land use; nutrients; reservoirs; nonpoint pollution sources; data interpretation; estimating; USA, Georgia, Lanier L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of DNA polymorphisms in predatory Coccinellids using polymerase chain reaction and arbitrary primers (RAPD-PCR) AN - 16986770; 3629672 AB - DNA polymorphisms were identified in some Coccinellid predators that are being tested as biological control agents against aphids and other insects in North America. The technique employs a variation of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), called RAPD-PCR, that uses single arbitrarily selected primers to amplify a random group of genomic sequences. Using this technique it was possible to distinguish among laboratory reared colonies of diverse geographic origin. Several colonies each, of three species were examined (Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata, and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata). It was also possible to distinguish C. septempunctata from a closely related species C. transversoguttata biinterrupta. The technique promises to be a very useful source of markers for maintaining colonies and tracking genes in biological control projects and in identifying species and immature stages of insects. JF - Entomophaga AU - Roehrdanz, R L AU - Flanders, R V AD - USDA-ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., PO Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 479 EP - 491 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - genetic markers KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Coccinellidae KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16986770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Detection+of+DNA+polymorphisms+in+predatory+Coccinellids+using+polymerase+chain+reaction+and+arbitrary+primers+%28RAPD-PCR%29&rft.au=Roehrdanz%2C+R+L%3BFlanders%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Roehrdanz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; genetic markers; polymerase chain reaction; DNA fingerprinting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of bluetongue virus from blood of infected sheep by use of an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after amplification of the virus in cell culture AN - 16981534; 3624736 AB - An antigen-capture ELISA was used to detect bluetongue virus (BTV) from blood of infected sheep. A rabbit-origin capture antibody and a mouse-origin detection antibody combined with biotin-avidin amplification were used for the assay. The antigen-capture ELISA could not detect virus directly from the blood of infected sheep because of low virus titer. To enhance detection, virus from infected blood was amplified in cell culture. Virus could then be detected from cell culture supernatant fluids, using the ELISA. This amplification step increased the sensitivity of the assay comparable to that of assays performed in cell culture measuring cytopathic effects. The ELISA procedure was specific for BTV and did not mistakenly identify the antigenically related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. The antigen-capture ELISA permitted indirect quantitation and identification of BTV from the blood of infected sheep. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Mecham, JO AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Arthopod-borne Anim. Dis. Res. Lab., Laramie, WY 82071, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 370 EP - 372 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - sheep KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - gene amplification KW - blood KW - bluetongue virus KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods KW - V 22091:Immunological techniques & reagents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+bluetongue+virus+from+blood+of+infected+sheep+by+use+of+an+antigen-capture+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+after+amplification+of+the+virus+in+cell+culture&rft.au=Mecham%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Mecham&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; gene amplification; blood; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; bluetongue virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of carbohydrate cryoprotecting agents on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in surimi-meat frankfurters AN - 16979806; 3632395 AB - Previous investigations of frankfurters substituted with Alaska pollock consistently showed that, after broiling, higher levels on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were found in the surimi containing frankfurters compared to those containing the corresponding washed mince. This was apparent in the 50%, but not in the 15% substituted frankfurters. The addition of the cryoprotecting agents, sucrose and sorbitol, to the washed mince to make surimi was the major difference in the two forms of fish. Model system experiments carried out, first in an aqueous pH 5.8 buffer and second, in a 50% fish-meat simulated frankfurter system indicated that the combination of sucrose-sorbitol increased and fructose-sorbitol decreased NDMA formation. Frankfurters prepared with 50% washed mince and containing different carbohydrates showed that sucrose-sorbitol gave higher NDMA values than fructose-sorbitol, even though all the carbohydrates tested gave NDMA results higher than the control. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AD - Food Saf. Res. Unit, USDA/ARS East. Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 125 EP - 132 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - N-nitrosodimethylamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pisces KW - meat products KW - frankfurters KW - seafood KW - meat KW - cryoprotectors KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24200:Nitrosamines & related compounds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16979806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Effect+of+carbohydrate+cryoprotecting+agents+on+the+formation+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+in+surimi-meat+frankfurters&rft.au=Pensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Pensabene&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisces; cryoprotectors; meat; seafood; frankfurters; meat products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection and screening of clonal isolates of the Abington strain of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus AN - 16977723; 3630632 AB - Clonal isolates of the Abington strain of the Lymantria dispar multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) were selected by plaque purification. After an initial screening for productivity of 35 clones in a continuous gypsy moth cell line (IPLB-LdFB), 17 clones were selected for further evaluation in vivo and in vitro. An eighteenth clone, LdMNPV-Ab-a624, was also included in these experiments as our "type" isolate. Based on these tests, extensive variability can be seen in the Abington isolate of the gypsy moth virus. While relatively little in vitro productivity differences were observed between the clones, two clones showed no activity in a larval bioassay while the mean lethal concentration for 50% of the test insect (LC sub(50)'s) for the other clones ranged from 2.2 x 10 super(4) to greater than 6.5 x 10 super(5) occlusion bodies per diet cup, with the a624 clone having a LC sub(50) of 1.2 x 10 super(5). The LT sub(50)'s (time for half the larvae to die) varied from 9.8 to 18.7 days in these clones with a624 having a LT sub(50) of 13.5 days. While certain advantages exist for the use of clones in biopesticide production schemes, the results of this study indicate careful screening of isolates should be made to ensure an acceptable products. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lynn, DE AU - Shapiro, M AU - Dougherty, E M AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Service, BARC-West, Build. 011A, Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 191 EP - 195 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - biological control KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16977723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Selection+and+screening+of+clonal+isolates+of+the+Abington+strain+of+gypsy+moth+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus&rft.au=Lynn%2C+DE%3BShapiro%2C+M%3BDougherty%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; cell culture; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a Brucella abortus RecA mutant and its survival in mice AN - 16970614; 3623419 AB - To determine if RecA plays a role in the virulence of Brucella abortus, a B. abortus RecA mutant was constructed and its survival was examined in mice. The recA gene was cloned from a B. abortus genomic DNA library by complementation of an Escherichia coli recA mutant in the presence of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The nucleotide sequence of recA was determined and the deduced protein sequence possesses extensive conservation with other RecA proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. A deletion plasmid was constructed in a suicide vector by deleting a segment of recA and inserting a kanamycin resistance gene. The deletion plasmid was introduced into B. abortus strain 2308, a virulent strain, by electroporation. The results indicate that RecA is not crucial for persistence of B. abortus in mice. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Tatum, F M AU - Morfitt, D C AU - Halling, S M AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - RecA protein KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Brucella abortus KW - survival KW - construction KW - mutants KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16970614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+Brucella+abortus+RecA+mutant+and+its+survival+in+mice&rft.au=Tatum%2C+F+M%3BMorfitt%2C+D+C%3BHalling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Tatum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; mutants; construction; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permanent gases inside healthy and microbially infected cotton fruit during development AN - 16967504; 3623302 AB - Permanent gases inside developing cotton fruit (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were, by weight, 46% nitrogen, 29% oxygen, 4% argon and 20% carbon dioxide, whereas plant canopy air assayed at 73% nitrogen, 25% oxygen, 2% argon and 0.3% carbon dioxide. Light exposure, fruit age, and mild infection (Erwinia) had no compositional effect but aggressive infection (Aspergillus) raised carbon dioxide content to 31% by weight and correspondingly lowered oxygen to 17%. Respiration with oxygen replenishment except during aggressive infection accounted for the fruit gas compositions. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Jacks, T J AU - Hensarling, T P AU - Legendre, M G AU - Buco, S M AD - Southern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P. O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1284 EP - 1287 VL - 191 IS - 3 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - Aspergillus KW - analysis KW - gases KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - infection KW - Erwinia KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16967504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Permanent+gases+inside+healthy+and+microbially+infected+cotton+fruit+during+development&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J%3BHensarling%2C+T+P%3BLegendre%2C+M+G%3BBuco%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Aspergillus; Erwinia; gases; analysis; fruits; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of laboratory reared banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae), in relation to temperature AN - 16966440; 3621479 AB - The effect of temperature on hatching, larval and pupal development time and mortality of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, in a controlled laboratory environment were examined. Estimates of the optimal temperature range for development, threshold temperature, thermal constant, and degree day heat accumulations needed for development were obtained. The optimal temperature tested was 28 degree C based on the fastest development rate and lowest mortality. Temperatures in the 15-20 degree C range were considered suboptimal because mortality was high, the fifth instar diapaused, head capsule size was smaller, and the development rate was slower than at warmer temperatures up to 32 degree C. The latter temperature was near the upper end of the optimal developmental temperature range because development showed signs of a plateau and the humidity had to be raised from 45-50% to 80-90% to increase hatch and survival. Pre-diapause and post-diapause phases had different estimated threshold temperatures of 11.1 + 0.4 degree C and 15.0 + 1.0 degree C, respectively. Degree day (DD) accumulations or thermal constants for development of pre-diapause stages, post-diapausal development to the pupal stage and finally the pupal stage were 298.4 plus or minus 9.2, 403.3 plus or minus 14.0, and 128.7 plus or minus 1.3 DD, respectively. Overall, the DD requirement for development of diapause moths was 831.4 DD to develop from egg to adult. non-diapause moths needed 546.2 plus or minus 21.4 DD for development from egg to adult. The data provides basic information on the biology of banded sunflower moths and have potential for the development of predictive models of the seasonal progress of this pest insect. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Barker, J F AU - Enz, J W AD - USDA, ARS Biosci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 420 EP - 426 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - temperature KW - Lopidoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Cochylis hospes KW - Cochylidae KW - rearing KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Development+of+laboratory+reared+banded+sunflower+moth%2C+Cochylis+hospes+Walsingham+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Cochylidae%29%2C+in+relation+to+temperature&rft.au=Barker%2C+J+F%3BEnz%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochylis hospes; Cochylidae; development; rearing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presence of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:5,27 in slaughter pigs AN - 16965491; 3616357 AB - The tonsils, tongue, mesenteric lymph nodes, cecal contents, and feces from 50 slaughter pigs were evaluated for the presence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. The cecal contents and feces of two pigs were positive (4%) with the pathogenic serotype O:5,27, biotype 3, whereas all other pigs were negative for pathogenic serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. The pathogenic serotypes were isolated from the cecal contents and feces using the stomacher sampling method. The cold enrichment in phosphate buffered saline and plating in Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin medium. No pathogenic serotypes were recovered using the swab sampling technique, enrichment in Irgasan-ticarcillin-chlorate, and plating in modified Salmonella-Shigella deoxycholate-calcium chloride medium. The isolation of only 4% positive pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in our sampling of pigs in one production unit provides some encouragement that detection and control procedures might be effectively implemented to reduce or eliminate serotype 0:5,27 from that herd. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kotula, A W AU - Sharar, A K AD - Meat Sci. Res. Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 215 EP - 218 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - isolates KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16965491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Presence+of+Yersinia+enterocolitica+serotype+O%3A5%2C27+in+slaughter+pigs&rft.au=Kotula%2C+A+W%3BSharar%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Kotula&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yersinia enterocolitica; isolates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential of natural peptidic compounds as leads for novel pesticides AN - 16964156; 3616406 AB - Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the natural pesticidal peptide, tentoxin, are described in the context of similarity between pharmaceutical and agricultural methods of developing biologically active peptidomimetics. Essential residue substitutions that confer biological activity through predictable conformational changes in the peptide backbone and side chain functionalities are discussed. A combination of molecular modelling studies and the biological activity of natural, synthetic and photochemically transformed analogs of tentoxin is utilized to further the understanding of structural and conformational requirements for biological activity. Among these are the only organism in this study tentoxin produced by Alternaria alternata, and HC toxin, III, produced by Cochliobolus carbonum. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Bland, J M AU - Edwards, J V AU - Eaton AU - Lax, A R AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 331 EP - 340 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - tentoxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - structure-activity relationships KW - biological control KW - pesticides KW - Alternaria alternata KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16964156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Potential+of+natural+peptidic+compounds+as+leads+for+novel+pesticides&rft.au=Bland%2C+J+M%3BEdwards%2C+J+V%3BEaton%3BLax%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Bland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria alternata; pesticides; biological control; structure-activity relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of Salmonella enteritidis from inoculated pools of egg contents AN - 16960909; 3616348 AB - To determine whether Salmonella enteritidis (SE) could be efficiently detected in pools of egg contents, eggs were inoculated with small numbers of SE and the contents of 10 or more eggs were mixed together. After these pools were incubated, samples were transferred to culture media for isolation and identification of SE. Incubation (at either 25 or 37 degree C) of inoculated egg pools for at least 4 d before culturing resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of recovery of SE. Following inoculation of 10-egg pools with approximately 50 CFU, SE was recovered from 11% of pools before incubation and from 94% of incubated pools. Following inoculation of 10-egg pools with approximately 5 CFU, SE was recovered from none of the pools before incubation and from up to 72% of the incubated pools. Increasing the size of the pools (from 10 to 30 eggs) did not significantly affect the frequency of isolation of SE, but reducing the sample volume transferred from incubated egg pools to culture media (from 20 to 2 ml) led to a significant decrease in SE recovery. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gast, R K AD - Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 21 EP - 24 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - eggs KW - recovery KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+from+inoculated+pools+of+egg+contents&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; recovery; eggs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence implicating the lipoxygenase pathway in providing resistance to soybeans against Aspergillus flavus AN - 16959432; 3618091 AB - The fungus, Aspergillus flavus, secretes lipases while parasitizing oilseed hosts and may contaminate the seed with aflatoxin. We found that exogenous lipase applied to soybean cotyledons results in the generation of volatile aldehydes by the lipoxygenase pathway that halts the growth of fungi. Volatiles generated from untreated homogenized soybeans did not affect the germination of A. flavus spores in a closed petri plate assay in which spores were streaked on corn-meal agar and soybean homogenate was placed on the lid of the inverted plate. When lipase (500 units/ml) was added to the soybean homogenate, all fungal spore germination was inhibited. However, the addition of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor) to the soybean homogenate/lipase mixture partially reversed the inhibition of spore germination. The extent of spore germination was dependent on both the number of soybean cotyledons in the homogenate and the activity of the added lipase. Addition of linoleic or linolenic acids to the homogenates also inhibited spore germination, whereas palmitic, stearic, or oleic acid had no effect, compared to untreated homogenates. Headspace analysis indicated that hexanal, a product of the lipoxygenase pathway with known antifungal activity, was the major volatile generated from lipase-treated homogenates. Soybeans are exceptional among oil-rich seed crops in that they are resistant to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination. Our evidence strongly suggests that the lipoxygenase pathway may contribute to this resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Doehlert, D C AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Gardner, H W AD - USDA/ARS, Dep. Cereal Sci. and Food Technol., Harris Hall, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1473 EP - 1477 VL - 83 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - lipoxygenase KW - pathyway KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Glycine max KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16959432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Evidence+implicating+the+lipoxygenase+pathway+in+providing+resistance+to+soybeans+against+Aspergillus+flavus&rft.au=Doehlert%2C+D+C%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BGardner%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Doehlert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Glycine max; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of pathogenic bacteria on pork loins as influenced by hot processing and packaging AN - 16958700; 3624093 AB - The impact of hot and cold processing on the survival and/or growth of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Campylobacter spp. on inoculated pork loins was studied. Loin pieces were inoculated with pathogen-containing feces, then vacuum packaged directly after hot boning (hot packaging), vacuum packaged after chilling for 1 d, or left unpackaged. Pathogen numbers were assayed after storage at 1 plus or minus 1 degree C for 0, 1, 2, 5, and 9 d. Campylobacter numbers decreased during the storage period, but the organisms could still be recovered after 9 d storage. A lower Campylobacter survival rate was observed on unpackaged pork loin pieces. The other pathogens were less affected by packaging treatment. Numbers of L. monocytogenes increased by approximately 1-log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2). Survival and growth of A. hydrophila during refrigerated storage varied between trials. In Experiment 1, numbers increased by ca. 2-log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2), while levels were stable or decreased slightly in Experiment 2. Salmonella levels decreased during storage, with the greatest survival observed on hot-packaged pork. Despite the fact that pork loins were inoculated with ca. 10 super(2) CFU pathogenic Y. enterocolitica per cm super(2), the organism was recovered only sporadically during the storage period. This may be due to competition with the natural microflora. Existing procedures are often inadequate for recovering small numbers of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in the presence of large numbers of competing flora. Until recovery procedures are improved, the effect of packaging treatment on pathogenic Y. enterocolitica cannot be determined. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Van Laack, RLJM AU - Johnson, J L AU - Van der Palen, CJNM AU - Smulders, FJM AU - Snijders, JMA AD - Meat Sci. Res. Lab., USDA, PQDI, Build. 201, Barc-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 847 EP - 851 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - packaging KW - pork KW - Campylobacter KW - Aeromonas hydrophila KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - survival KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Survival+of+pathogenic+bacteria+on+pork+loins+as+influenced+by+hot+processing+and+packaging&rft.au=Van+Laack%2C+RLJM%3BJohnson%2C+J+L%3BVan+der+Palen%2C+CJNM%3BSmulders%2C+FJM%3BSnijders%2C+JMA&rft.aulast=Van+Laack&rft.aufirst=RLJM&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Listeria monocytogenes; Yersinia enterocolitica; Aeromonas hydrophila; Campylobacter; pork; food processing; packaging; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International regulatory status and harmonization of food irradiation AN - 16958350; 3624086 AB - U.S. regulatory officials and some consumer advocates, academicians, media, and industry representatives share the opinion that radiation processing may be a solution to food safety and agricultural protection problems that now exist throughout the world. The status of existing regulations and new regulations being developed by U.S. regulatory agencies and being petitioned by industry groups is discussed and compared with regulations in other countries. Renewed interest on the part of the U.S. Army in using irradiated foods in many of their rations is reviewed. The status of demonstration irradiation facilities sponsored by the Department of Energy is outlined. Comments on harmonization of radiation process controls, dosimetry standards, and other practices that are important aspects of international trade in irradiated foods are provided. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Derr, D D AD - Food Saf. and Insp. Serv., Sci. and Technol., USDA, 300 12th St., S.W., Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 882 EP - 886 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - radiation KW - international standards KW - food KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=International+regulatory+status+and+harmonization+of+food+irradiation&rft.au=Derr%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Derr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food; radiation; international standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sausage casings as a model for attachment of Salmonella to meat AN - 16957591; 3624479 AB - Artificial sausage casings were used as a model for studying bacterial attachment to meat connective tissue. Sausage casings of known mass were exposed to suspensions of Salmonella typhimurium in 0.15 M NaCI under various time, temperature, and inoculum level regimes, then washed to remove unattached bacteria. Attached bacterial cells were enumerated using both plate counts and scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial cells attached to sausage casing surfaces within 1 min of incubation. Numbers of attached cells increased with increasing temperature and inoculum levels and with time. Rates of attachment of S. typhimurium to sausage casings were comparable with those reported for attachment to meat surfaces. Sausage casings appear to be a convenient model for examining mechanisms of bacterial attachment to meats. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Walls, I AU - Cooke, PH AU - Benedict, R C AU - Buchanan, R L AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 390 EP - 394 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sausage casings KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - attachment KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16957591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Sausage+casings+as+a+model+for+attachment+of+Salmonella+to+meat&rft.au=Walls%2C+I%3BCooke%2C+PH%3BBenedict%2C+R+C%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Walls&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; attachment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibotulinal properties of selected aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes AN - 16957141; 3624533 AB - Aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were tested for their effectiveness against Clostridium botulinum spores and cells. Six-tenths millimolar benzaldehyde, piperonal, phenylacetaldehyde, alpha -amylcinnamaldehyde, vanillin, or phenylglyoxal delayed germination in botulinal assay medium (BAM) broth after 6 h exposure at 32 degree C. Sporicidal activity was observed with 1.25 mM vanillin, 39 mM isobutyraldehyde, 156 mM pyruvaldehyde or valeraldehyde, 625 mM benzaldehyde, and 2,500 mM alpha -amylcinnamaldehyde. Twenty-five millimolars of cinnamaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, and vanillin were most active against vegetative cells at pH 7.0 in BAM broth, while 125 mM was required for benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, piperonal, or phenylglyoxal. Three millimolars benzaldehyde, 5.0 mM phenylglyoxal, 150 mM cinnamaldehyde, 200 mM pyruvaldehyde and vanillin, and 300 mM piperonal inhibited 9 h dipicolinic acid release in BAM broth at 32 degree C. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Bowles, B L AU - Miller, A J AD - East. Regl. Res. Cent., Microb. Food Saf. Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 788 EP - 794 VL - 56 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - aldehydes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - antibacterial agents KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16957141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Antibotulinal+properties+of+selected+aromatic+and+aliphatic+aldehydes&rft.au=Bowles%2C+B+L%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Bowles&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; antibacterial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacillus cereus: Aerobic growth kinetics AN - 16956279; 3616356 AB - Three strains of Bacillus cereus were cultured in brain heart infusion medium aerobically under conditions of variable temperature (5 to 42 degree C), sodium chloride concentrations (0.5-5%), pH (4.5 - 7.5), and sodium nitrite concentration (0 mg/L - 200 mg/L) to simulate conditions of normal and adverse food storage. Cultures were sampled at selected times, and plate counts were used to calculate growth curves under each condition. None of the three strains grew at 5 degree C, but growth did occur slowly at 8 degree C, and was most rapid at a temperature of 37 degree C. Growth occurred in media without additives in all pH's examined between 8 and 42 degree C. Decreasing the pH and increasing levels of sodium chloride and sodium nitrite increased the lag phase and generation times of the organism. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Benedict, R C AU - Partridge, T AU - Wells, D AU - Buchanan, R L AD - Microb. Food Saf. Unit, East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 211 EP - 214 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - growth kinetics KW - sodium chloride KW - sodium nitrite KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - aerobic conditions KW - food additives KW - Bacillus cereus KW - pH KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Bacillus+cereus%3A+Aerobic+growth+kinetics&rft.au=Benedict%2C+R+C%3BPartridge%2C+T%3BWells%2C+D%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Benedict&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus cereus; aerobic conditions; pH; food additives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacteria on beef briskets and ground beef: Correlation with slaughter volume and antemortem condemnation AN - 16955580; 3616339 AB - Aerobic plate counts of 3,455 brisket and 1,370 ground beef samples were examined for association with slaughter volume in 547 U.S. beef slaughter establishments. In general, high-volume beef slaughter establishments control total aerobic bacteria counts on briskets and ground beef more effectively than small volume establishments. The lower Aerobic plate counts at high slaughter volumes may have resulted from uniformity of cattle slaughtered, specialization of labor, measures taken to prevent contamination, and effective decontamination of carcasses in high-volume slaughter establishments. In this study the prevalence of Salmonella contamination was found to be more closely associated with the health of animals brought to slaughter than with certain conditions in the slaughter establishments. The prevalence of contamination of brisket and ground beef samples with Salmonella was highest in calf slaughter establishments. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hogue, A T AU - Dreesen, D W AU - Green, S S AU - Ragland, R D AU - James, W O AU - Bergeron, E A AU - Cook, LV AU - Pratt, MD AU - Martin AD - Food Saf. and Insp. Serv., Sci. and Technol., Slaughter Insp. Stand. and Proc. Div., USDA, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 110 EP - 113 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - slaughter volume KW - antemortem condemnation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - beef KW - bacteria KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Bacteria+on+beef+briskets+and+ground+beef%3A+Correlation+with+slaughter+volume+and+antemortem+condemnation&rft.au=Hogue%2C+A+T%3BDreesen%2C+D+W%3BGreen%2C+S+S%3BRagland%2C+R+D%3BJames%2C+W+O%3BBergeron%2C+E+A%3BCook%2C+LV%3BPratt%2C+MD%3BMartin&rft.aulast=Hogue&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; beef ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Listeria spp. from feces of feedlot cattle AN - 16954919; 3616366 AB - Healthy feedlot beef cattle were surveyed for the presence of Listeria spp. in fecal grab samples taken over 3 months. Composite samples were made from 224 individual animals each month. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from one composite sample (4%) from the first sampling and not from the subsequent two. Listeria innocua was found in composite samples from all three samplings at levels of 17, 9, and 35%, respectively. From the individual samples comprising the Listeria spp.-positive composites, L. monocytogenes was isolated from one sample (3%) in the second sampling but not in the first or third samplings. L. innocua was found in 9, 8, and 10% of the individual samples comprising Listeria-positive composites in the first, second, and third samplings, respectively. The two L. monocytogenes isolates were pathogenic to mice. Further characterization of these isolates revealed atypical rhamnose fermentation patterns. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Dickson, J S AU - Daniels, E K AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., ARA-USDA, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 102 EP - 105 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - isolation KW - Listeria KW - feces KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16954919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Listeria+spp.+from+feces+of+feedlot+cattle&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BDickson%2C+J+S%3BDaniels%2C+E+K&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria; isolation; feces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects in vitro of nine fungicides on growth of entomopathogenic fungi AN - 16951297; 3616011 AB - The effects of nine fungicides were evaluated in vitro on the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Conidiobolus coronatus, C. thromboides, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces farinosus, P. fumosoroseus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Verticillium lecanii. The susceptibility of the fungi to the fungicides varied. The dithiocarbamate derivations zineb + copper oxychloride, and mancozeb completely inhibited germination of C. coronatus, C. thromboides, B. bassiana, P. farinosus, M. anisopliae and V. lecanii. The fungicides triadimefon, copper oxychloride, metalaxyl, sulfur, sulfur + nitrothal-isopropyl and hymexazol exhibited various effects on the fungi. Usually, fungistasis was more pronounced at 15 degree C than at 25 degree C and the inhibitory effects were in direct proportion to the dosage of active ingredient (recommended field rate, 10-fold higher and 10-fold lower). In a few combinations, fungi partially overcame or even recovered from the initial inhibition of growth which might have resulted from delayed germination. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Majchrowicz, I AU - Poprawski, T J AD - USDA-ARS, Plant, Soil Nutr. Lab., Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 321 EP - 336 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - in vitro KW - fungicides KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16951297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Effects+in+vitro+of+nine+fungicides+on+growth+of+entomopathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Majchrowicz%2C+I%3BPoprawski%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Majchrowicz&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungicides; entomopathogenic fungi; in vitro ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of molecular markers to study Setosphaeria turcica resistance in maize AN - 16949546; 3618747 AB - To facilitate understanding of the molecular basis of Htn1 resistance in maize to northern corn leaf blight, we mapped the Htn1 locus by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Linkage with the Htn1 locus, using a backcross population, was initially detected with the RFLP probe UMC16, which hybridized to two loci: UMC16A on the long arm of chromosome three and the unmapped locus UMC16B. Independent assortment of Htn1 with UMC16A and linkage to UMC16B was verified with RFLP markers closely flanking UMC16A on the long arm of chromosome three. Information obtained from previous studies, detailing duplicate loci in maize, indicated that RFLP loci in the region around UMC16A are duplicated on the long arm of chromosome eight in the region of Idh1. RFLP loci mapping within this region on chromosome eight detected linkage with both Htn1 and UMC16B. Analysis of additional backcross progeny mapped the Htn1 locus 0.8 cM (centi-Morgans) distal to UMC117, near the recently reported location of the Ht2 locus. Segregation analysis of F sub(2) progeny from crosses of the inbred W22Htn1 with A619Ht2 confirmed the linkage of Htn1 with Ht2. RFLP analysis of susceptible F sub(2) progeny indicates that Htn1 and Ht2 are not allelic, and Ht2 maps are approximately 10 cM proximal to Htn1. JF - Phytopathology AU - Simcox, K D AU - Bennetzen, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genet. Res. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1326 EP - 1330 VL - 83 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - molecular KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Setosphaeria turcica KW - Zea mays KW - markers KW - resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16949546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+molecular+markers+to+study+Setosphaeria+turcica+resistance+in+maize&rft.au=Simcox%2C+K+D%3BBennetzen%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Simcox&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - markers; resistance; Setosphaeria turcica; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis with feeding activity of clover root curculio larvae in alfalfa AN - 16948409; 3615746 AB - Twenty genera of fungi were isolated over a 3-yr period from feeding sites of the clover root curculio (CRC) in roots of field-grown alfalfa. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis was the predominant pathogenic fungus isolated, constituting 63% of all isolates at one sampling. Root diameter, root type, and depth of feeding were not related to the isolation frequencies of specific fungi. In pathogenicity tests, 89% of all F. oxysporum isolates tested caused wilt symptoms in alfalfa. Radial internal spread of fungi from feeding sites was usually limited to the 2 mm of tissue immediately centripetal to the feeding site. F. o. medicaginis, other Fusarium spp., and other fungi were isolated from excised head capsules of field-collected, late-instar larvae of CRC. The addition of 50 CRC eggs to a growth medium infested with F. o. medicaginis inoculum significantly increased the severity of Fusarium wilt in greenhouse experiments. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leath, K T AU - Hower, A A AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Reg. Pasture Res. Lab., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 799 EP - 802 VL - 77 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Fusarium oxysporum medicaginis KW - Sitono hispidulus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - feeding behavior KW - Coleoptera KW - interaction KW - colonization KW - vectors KW - wilt KW - Curculionidae KW - pest attack KW - Medicago sativa KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+medicaginis+with+feeding+activity+of+clover+root+curculio+larvae+in+alfalfa&rft.au=Leath%2C+K+T%3BHower%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Leath&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Coleoptera; Medicago sativa; interaction; feeding behavior; colonization; wilt; vectors; pest attack ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endocytosis during the preparation of mouse and human carrier erythrocytes AN - 16941983; 3615496 AB - Mouse and human erythrocytes are inherently different with respect to slow dialysis encapsulation used in preparing carrier erythrocytes. Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-dextran was added to five different stages of the encapsulation process to discern when endocytic vesiculation occurred. Mouse erythrocytes were much more unstable than human cells, with as many as 50% of mouse cells showing vesicles, as determined by flow cytometry. Mouse erythrocytes showed the ability to form vesicles at each stage beyond the washed-packed-cell stage. Up to 20% of the human cells formed vesicles at stages beyond the annealed-cell stage. Although vesiculation can occur at any stage of the encapsulation process, with the exception of washed-packed cells, the actual amount of FITC-dextran incorporated in the cells is extremely low when compared with dialysis encapsulation, namely 50 ng/10 super(7) cells as against 2000 ng/10 super(7) cells. Thus preparation of carrier erythrocytes by slow hypo-osmotic dialysis induces certain instabilities that lead to a substantial percentage of cells with endocytic vesicles, while the actual amount endocytosed is low. The differences in vesiculation observed between human and mouse erythrocytes is apparently related to the intrinsic properties of the cells and is consistent with the fact that mouse erythrocytes are more fragile when undergoing slow dialysis than are human erythrocytes. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - DeLoach, J R AU - Droleskey, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 83 EP - 92 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - erythrocytes KW - preparation KW - endocytosis KW - man KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16941983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Endocytosis+during+the+preparation+of+mouse+and+human+carrier+erythrocytes&rft.au=DeLoach%2C+J+R%3BDroleskey%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=DeLoach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erythrocytes; preparation; endocytosis; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental design and analysis in field studies of aquatic vegetation AN - 16938462; 3611636 AB - Field experiments may be useful for researchers and managers concerned with aquatic plants. Since experimental design and statistical analysis are closely related, this paper discusses statistical and practical considerations for conducting and evaluating field experiments with aquatic plants. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of variance, assumptions required for its use, and concepts related to it (e.g., statistical power, means comparison procedures, treatment structure, pseudoreplication, etc.). The paper concludes with a brief introduction to papers in the literature which illustrate the use of field experiments for studying aquatic plants. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Whitehand, L C AD - USDA/ARS, Aquat. Weed Lab., Bot. Dep., Univ. California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 165 EP - 174 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - freshwater ecology KW - freshwater environments KW - macrophytes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - environment management KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - methodology KW - sampling KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16938462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Experimental+design+and+analysis+in+field+studies+of+aquatic+vegetation&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - freshwater ecology; sampling; aquatic plants; environment management; statistical analysis; methodology; macrophytes; freshwater environments; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of species composition on the survival and development of western and northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16934721; 3608210 AB - The effects of interspecific competition between northern and western corn rootworm larvae were examined under greenhouse conditions. Potted corn seedlings were infested with predetermined (mixed numbers of embryonated eggs to determine how interspecific competition would affect survivorship, sex ratio, and developmental time for each species. Survivorship of both species declined as population densities of the opposite species increased. Sex ratios of both species were influenced by the population densities of the opposite species. Females declined as the level of the other species increased. The slope of cumulative adult emergence was the same for heterogeneous populations and homogeneous populations of each species. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Woodson, W D AD - USDA, ARS, NPA, North Grain Insects Res. Lab., Rural Rt. No. 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 377 EP - 382 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Coleoptera KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Diabrotica virgifera KW - survival KW - competition KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16934721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Effect+of+species+composition+on+the+survival+and+development+of+western+and+northern+corn+rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Woodson%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Woodson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera; competition; survival; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Post-diapause development of the sunflower stem weevil Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) under controlled laboratory conditions AN - 16933137; 3608207 AB - Laboratory studies were conducted on post-diapause development of the sunflower stem weevil Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) under five temperature regimes. Laboratory studies offered the advantage of precise temperature regulation to describe some temperature dependent parameters of the development and the seasonal biology of C. adspersus. A threshold temperature of 12 degree C and a thermal constant of 365.6 plus or minus 10.9 degree days were derived from the laboratory data. The optimal temperatures tested for development on the basis of lowest mortality and shortest development time were 28 and 32 degree C. Mortality was over 50% at all temperatures. Mortality was 96.4% at 16 degree C suggesting that this temperature was sub-optimal for development. The development of the reproductive organs in adults was described to correlate reproductive physiology with the appearance of adults and egg laying in field observations. A lag time of about 10 days was observed between emergence and subsequent development of the ovaries and mating at 28 degree C. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Barker, J F AU - Charlet, L D AD - USDA, ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 414 EP - 419 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Cylindrocopturus adspersus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - life cycle KW - diapause termination KW - Coleoptera KW - Curculionidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16933137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Post-diapause+development+of+the+sunflower+stem+weevil+Cylindrocopturus+adspersus+%28LeConte%29+under+controlled+laboratory+conditions&rft.au=Barker%2C+J+F%3BCharlet%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Coleoptera; diapause termination; life cycle; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of mungbeans for resistance to Cercospora leaf spot and powdery mildew AN - 16928854; 3606599 AB - Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora canescens and powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe polygoni, are two of the most important fungal diseases of mungbeans. Nearly 4000 accessions of the global mungbean collection at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center were screened for resistance to these two pathogens. Less than 4% and 12% of the accessions showed resistance to Cercospora leaf spot and powdery mildew, respectively. The level of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot varied and highly resistant lines were not found. A few lines were rated highly resistant to powdery mildew over several years but others were rated moderately resistant or susceptible in other years. JF - International Journal of Pest Management AU - Hartman, G L AU - Wang, T C AU - Kim, D AD - USDA/ARS, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 418 EP - 421 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0967-0874, 0967-0874 KW - Cercospora canescens KW - leaf spot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - resistance KW - Erysiphe polygoni KW - Vigna radiata KW - powdery mildew KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16928854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Pest+Management&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+mungbeans+for+resistance+to+Cercospora+leaf+spot+and+powdery+mildew&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BWang%2C+T+C%3BKim%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Pest+Management&rft.issn=09670874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vigna radiata; Erysiphe polygoni; resistance; powdery mildew ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies with highly attenuated vaccinia (NYVAC) recombinant viruses AN - 16926375; 3600293 AB - Poxvirus recombinants, based on the highly attenuated NYVAC strain of vaccinia virus, containing single gene inserts encoding the pseudorabies virus (PRV) gII, gIII, or gp50 glycoproteins were tested for their immunogenicity in pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly divided into six groups of four. Groups 1-3 were inoculated with 10 super(7) CCID sub(50) of NYVAC/PRV gII, NYVAC/PRV gIII, or NYVAC/PRV gp50, respectively, while groups 4 and 5 received the NYVAC parent virus or an inactivated PRV vaccine control, respectively. Group 6 represented the sham vaccinated control group. All inoculations were given by the intramuscular route on weeks 0 and 4. The candidate vaccines were shown to be safe with no local or systemic reactions. At 4 weeks following the second inoculation, all pigs were challenged by an oronasal administration of a virulent PRV strain. Pigs were monitored before and after challenge for clinical manifestations resulting from vaccination and challenge exposure, respectively. Sera were analyzed for PRV neutralizing activity. Virological analyses after challenge included assessment of virus shedding and the development of latent PRV infections. All but one animal developed latent PRV infection following challenge exposure; however, significant protection against PRV-induced signs was afforded by vaccination with either the NYVAC/PRV gp50 or NYVAC/PRV gII recombinant viruses, as well as with the inactivated PRV vaccine. The NYVAC/PRV gp50 also reduced overall virus shedding after challenge. The extent of protection against PRV-induced clinical signs, in general, was associated with the level of pre-challenge virus neutralizing activity. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Tartaglia, J AU - Riviere, M AU - Paoletti, E AU - Mengeling, W L AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Virol. Swine Res. Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 41 EP - 58 VL - 38 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccinia virus KW - recombinants KW - pseudorabies KW - vaccination KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Vaccination+of+pigs+against+pseudorabies+with+highly+attenuated+vaccinia+%28NYVAC%29+recombinant+viruses&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BTartaglia%2C+J%3BRiviere%2C+M%3BPaoletti%2C+E%3BMengeling%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recombinants; pseudorabies; vaccination; vaccinia virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analyses of the gene and amino acid sequence of the Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola 23 xylanase reveals unexpected homology with endoglucanases from other genera of bacteria AN - 16926136; 3602149 AB - The DNA sequence for the xylanase gene from Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola 23 was determined. The xylanase gene encoded for a protein with a molecular weight of 65,740. An apparent leader sequence of 22 amino acids was observed. The promoter region for expression of the xylanase gene in Bacteroides species was identified with a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. A region of high amino acid homology was found with the proposed catalytic domain of endoglucanases from several organisms, including Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Clostridium thermocellum. The cloned xylanase was found to exhibit endoglucanase activity against carboxymethyl cellulose. Analysis of the codon usage for the xylanase gene found a bias towards G and C in the third position in 16 of 18 amino acids with degenerate codons. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 27 EP - 33 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - genes KW - promoters KW - nucleotide sequence KW - identification KW - DNA KW - Prevotella ruminicola KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Analyses+of+the+gene+and+amino+acid+sequence+of+the+Prevotella+%28Bacteroides%29+ruminicola+23+xylanase+reveals+unexpected+homology+with+endoglucanases+from+other+genera+of+bacteria&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prevotella ruminicola; genes; nucleotide sequence; promoters; identification; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic gene conservation for uncertain futures AN - 16923484; 3607188 AB - Programs for conserving genes in forest trees should be based on evolutionary concepts. Our recommendations for gene conservation are appropriate for conditions of rapid environmental change such as might occur under accumulation of greenhouse gases. We describe the impact that the evolutionary forces of selection, migration and genetic drift have on the genetic architecture of tree species and emphasize that maximum fitness for all traits will never be obtained in any plant population. Genetic variation is a prerequisite for future evolution and we stress that gene conservation programs should provide opportunities for future evolution. Two methods have been developed to manage populations for this purpose. One is hierarchical; in it useful genes are intended to be gradually transferred by crossing from lower to higher levels of improvement. The second, the multiple population breeding system, generates the sizeable genetic variance that is necessary to cope with future uncertainties regarding environmental conditions and trait values. We recommend this latter system whenever financing allows. Existing adaptations should be used when populations are appointed as gene resource populations. The multiple breeding population system was developed to incorporate ex situ gene conservation as an integral part of breeding. However, its basic premise of broadening among-population variance can also be accomplished in in situ programs by choosing widely varying stands as gene resource populations and diversifying them further through selection. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Eriksson, G AU - Namkoong, G AU - Roberds, J H AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Genet. Dep., P.O. Box 7614, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 15 EP - 37 VL - 62 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - conservation KW - genes KW - trees KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16923484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Dynamic+gene+conservation+for+uncertain+futures&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+G%3BNamkoong%2C+G%3BRoberds%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Eriksson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; forests; genes; conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and nest success of sympatric female Mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, and American Black Ducks, A. rubripes, breeding in a forested environment AN - 16921575; 3600617 AB - Inverse population trends of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American Black Ducks (A. rubripes) in eastern Canada and northeastern United States have led many to speculate whether differential productivity and survival exist between these closely related forms. Monitoring of radio-marked female Mallards and Black Ducks breeding sympatrically in the western Adirondack region of northern New York in 1990-1991 showed that nest success rates of Mallards (S = 0.51) and Black Ducks (S = 0.61) were similar (P > 0.10), as was the survival rates of females during the 107-day breeding period (5 April - 20 July; Mallard S = 0.88, Black Duck S = 0.77). Despite these similarities, a higher proportion of Mallards successfully hatched a clutch than did Black Ducks (67% vs. 44%). Thus, Mallards may be more productive than Black Ducks, contributing to their increasing numbers throughout Black Duck breeding range. JF - Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa ON AU - Dwyer, C P AU - Baldassarre, G A AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 213 EP - 216 VL - 107 IS - 2 SN - 0008-3550, 0008-3550 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Anas KW - survival KW - breeding success KW - sympatric populations KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16921575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+field-naturalist.+Ottawa+ON&rft.atitle=Survival+and+nest+success+of+sympatric+female+Mallards%2C+Anas+platyrhynchos%2C+and+American+Black+Ducks%2C+A.+rubripes%2C+breeding+in+a+forested+environment&rft.au=Dwyer%2C+C+P%3BBaldassarre%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+field-naturalist.+Ottawa+ON&rft.issn=00083550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anas; survival; breeding success; sympatric populations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The status of Bemisia tabaci (Hom.: Aleyrodidae), Trialeurodes, vaporariorum (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) and their natural enemies in Crete AN - 16920501; 3603936 AB - The non > biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is recorded for the first time in Crete in 1992, in the north east and south east of the island. Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) is the predominant whitefly on plants in the north and west of the island. Three surveys of Crete were made in 1992 and 1993 for natural enemies of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum and resulted in the collection of 4 species of Encarsia, (plus a number of species that are unidentifiable at this time), an Eretmocerus sp. (unidentifiable at this time) and a fungal pathogen, Paecilomyces farinosus (Dickson Ex Fries) Brown & Smith. Encarsia adrianae was identified from T. vaporariorum; which constitutes its most westerly distribution point and a new host record respectively. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum were found on horticultural crops, ornamentals and weeds. Populations of both whitefly species were severely depleted on field hosts throughout the island during the winter of 1992/93. Climatic constraints, competition with T. vaporariorum in otherwise suitable niches, effective natural enemies and an observed low level of polyphagy may explain the present limited distribution of the non > biotype of B. tabaci, in Crete. JF - Entomophaga AU - Kirk, A A AU - Lacey, LA AU - Roditakis, N AU - Brown, J K AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA/ARS, B.P. 4168, Montpellier 34092, Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 405 EP - 410 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Greece KW - natural enemies KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - biotypes KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16920501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=The+status+of+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Hom.%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%2C+Trialeurodes%2C+vaporariorum+%28Hom.%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+and+their+natural+enemies+in+Crete&rft.au=Kirk%2C+A+A%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BRoditakis%2C+N%3BBrown%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; Greece; biotypes; natural enemies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal distribution of runoff and soil erosion at a site in Northeastern Oregon AN - 16914891; 3601139 AB - Average annual erosion predictions have marginal success in the Pacific Northwest perhaps because of variability of natural features related to runoff and soil erosion. Hydrologic frequency analysis and probability theory were used to analyze 12 years of runoff and erosion data from continuous fallow, fall-seeded winter wheat, and fall-plowed wheat stubble at a site in eastern Oregon. Relatively rare events are the major contributors to long-term soil losses for both discrete erosion events and seasonal erosion volumes. The soil loss tolerance for this soil type was never exceeded for discrete events on either the fall-seeded winter wheat or fall-plowed wheat stubble. Seasonal soil loss exceeded the soil loss tolerance in only one of twelve years for winter wheat and was never exceeded for the fall-plowed treatment. Soil losses over the long-term should not exceed soil loss tolerance values at this site under the soil management conditions used during this experiment. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Zuzel, J F AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Greenwalt, R N AD - USDA-ARS, Pendelton, OR 97801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 373 EP - 378 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Oregon, Northeast KW - soil management KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - agricultural runoff KW - runoff KW - seasonal variations KW - soil erosion KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Temporal+distribution+of+runoff+and+soil+erosion+at+a+site+in+Northeastern+Oregon&rft.au=Zuzel%2C+J+F%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BGreenwalt%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Zuzel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil erosion; runoff; seasonal variations; agricultural runoff; soil management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxicity study of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) berries in Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 16913201; 3594653 AB - Species of the Solanum nigrum complex, including eastern black nightshade (S. ptycanthum Dun.), are common nuisance plants, and their berries often contaminate agricultural commodities. Black nightshade plants and their fruits contain solanaceous glycoalkaloids, but little information is available regarding their toxicity in vivo. Male and female rats were fed diets containing 0, 1, 5 or 25% (w/w) eastern black nightshade berries (BNB) for 13 weeks. Anemia was present in high-dose males after six weeks and in mid-dose males, high-dose males and high-dose females after 13 weeks. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits of these groups were significantly decreased and averaged 81-93% of their respective control values. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrits of males fed 1% BNB, females fed 1% BNB and females fed 5% BNB averaged 94-97% of the control values after 13 weeks. These findings indicate that ingestion of low to moderate amounts of S. ptycanthum berries does not pose a significant health risk, although anemia may be a potential consequence of prolonged exposure to highly contaminated foodstuffs. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Voss, KA AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Brennecke, L H AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 91 EP - 98 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - berries KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - anemia KW - Solanum ptycanthum KW - fruits KW - hematology KW - parameters KW - oral administration KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16913201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxicity+study+of+eastern+black+nightshade+%28Solanum+ptycanthum%29+berries+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBrennecke%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum ptycanthum; oral administration; anemia; hematology; parameters; fruits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and physiological response of water-stressed yellow-poplar seedlings exposed to chronic ozone fumigation and ethylenediurea AN - 16905610; 3598314 AB - One-year-old containerized seedlings of yellow-popular (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were exposed to ethylenediurea (EDU), ozone (O sub(3)) fumigation (0, 0.07, and 0.15 ppm), and drought (one or two 1-week drying cycles) from late April until early June 1990, at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Delaware, Ohio, USA. Measurements of net photosynthesis (P sub(n)), dark respiration (R sub(d)), stomatal conductance (G sub(s)), and transpiration (T sub(s)) were made on seedlings from each treatment on 15 May and 31 May. Treatment effects on seedling growth were determined by measuring height increase, shoot and root biomass, and leaf area. Water stress significantly reduced P sub(n), G sub(s), and T sub(s) (by more than 70%), whereas EDU and O sub(3) treatments had no appreciable effect on these parameters. There was no indication that ethylene evolution was influenced by any of the stress factors imposed in this study. There were no significant interactions between these stress factors and the physiological parameters measured. Growth measurements showed that height increase was reduced by 22% in water-stressed seedlings, whereas new shoot biomass, root biomass and leaf area declined by 10%, 20%, and 12%, respectively. New shoot biomass, root biomass, and leaf area were reduced by the EDU treatment. Root/shoot ratio was not significantly altered by the drought treatment employed. Overall, there were no significant effects of O sub(3) fumigation on growth. The interaction of water stress and O sub(3) fumigation at 0.07 ppm significantly reduced root biomass and the root/shoot ratio. THe EDU and 0.15 ppm O sub(3) together reduced height growth more than either factor alone. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Cannon, WC Jr AU - Roberts, B R AU - Barger, J H AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 61 EP - 73 VL - 61 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - ethylenediurea KW - water stress KW - plant growth KW - drought KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - ozone KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - growth KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16905610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Growth+and+physiological+response+of+water-stressed+yellow-poplar+seedlings+exposed+to+chronic+ozone+fumigation+and+ethylenediurea&rft.au=Cannon%2C+WC+Jr%3BRoberts%2C+B+R%3BBarger%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=WC&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liriodendron tulipifera; ozone; water stress; growth; plant growth; drought; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling wildland fire containment with uncertain flame length and fireline width AN - 16899897; 3591056 AB - We describe a mathematical model for the probability that a fireline succeeds in containing a fire. The probability increases as the fireline width increases, and also as the fire's flame length decreases. More interestingly, uncertainties in width and flame length affect the computed containment probabilities, and can thus indirectly affect the optimum allocation of fire-fighting resources. Uncertainty about the fireline width that will be produced can often affect containment chances as much as uncertainty in flame length. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Mees, R AU - Strauss, D AU - Chase, R AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv. Stn., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - fireline width KW - flame length KW - control KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - mathematical models KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16899897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Modeling+wildland+fire+containment+with+uncertain+flame+length+and+fireline+width&rft.au=Mees%2C+R%3BStrauss%2C+D%3BChase%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mees&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fires; mathematical models; control; wildfire ER - TY - CONF T1 - Abiotic stress tolerances (moisture, nutrients) and photosynthesis in endophyte-infected tall fescue AN - 16898319; 3595502 AB - The ecological significance resulting from the association of each tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) genotype and its companion fungal endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams) is probably inherent in the nutritional interactions, and the resulting physiological and biochemical requirements of each. The colonization of this grass by the fungus follows the natural sequence of fescue seed germination, seedling and tiller growth. Infected grasses are natural and extensive, therefore tall fescue should be considered a symbiotic plant. The nature of this relationship at the population level is more appropriately described as an obligately biotrophic conjunctive mutualism. The use of this terminology at the population level describes the overall ecological effect; however, allowances must be made for infected tall fescue genotypes within the population that may not show any positive adaptive strategies. Genotypes of this later category may be categorized, possibly only transiently, as obligately neutral symbiotic. Infected genotypes of the earlier category offer adaptations to environmental stresses and may be exploited for these characteristics. Evidence from research is reviewed to indicate that selected genotypes within the population of tall fescue are more tolerant of environmental abiotic stresses than uninfected grasses. Infected tall fescue seed require more moisture to germinate than uninfected seed. Endophyte-infected seedlings require more nutrients than uninfected seedlings. Although infected tall fescue contains less soluble nitrogen which would encourage more predation, strains resulting from the stresses of insect herbivory are prevented because of an accumulation of an insect deterrent, toxins and their synergists. At the morphological level infected grasses show tolerance to water stress by early shedding of older leaves and rolling of younger leaves. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Bacon, C W Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 123 EP - 141 VL - 44 IS - 1-4 KW - Acremonium coenophialum KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nutrient availability KW - photosynthesis KW - water availability KW - plant breeding KW - grasses KW - tolerance KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - reviews KW - endophytes KW - stress KW - selection KW - abiotic factors KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16898319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Abiotic+stress+tolerances+%28moisture%2C+nutrients%29+and+photosynthesis+in+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discrimination of previously searched, host-free sites by Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16897744; 3588519 AB - The ability of free-ranging parasitoids to discriminate between previously visited and unvisited sites containing host kairomone (caterpillar frass) but not hosts was tested. Females of Microplitis croceipes, a host specialist and plant generalist larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea, were allowed to fly freely in a simulated plant patch in a flight chamber. Wasps spent less time searching frass sites previously searched by themselves or by conspecifics than unsearched frass sites. In addition to chemical marking, spatial memory of visual cues was implicated as a mechanism for discriminating against self-visited, host-free sites. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Sheehan, W AU - Waeckers, F L AU - Lewis, W J AD - Insect Biol. Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 323 EP - 332 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Braconidae KW - visual perception KW - chemical perception KW - Hymenoptera KW - parasitoids KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - host searching behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16897744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Discrimination+of+previously+searched%2C+host-free+sites+by+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+W%3BWaeckers%2C+F+L%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microplitis croceipes; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; parasitoids; host searching behavior; chemical perception; visual perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thinning young loblolly pine stands with fire AN - 16897436; 3588434 AB - The relationship between fire-caused stem girdling and groundline diameter (GLD) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was determined. Results of 10 experimental prescribed burns conducted across a wide range of ambient temperature conditions during both the dormant and growing season demonstrate that low-intensity backing fires (< 346 KW/m) are an effective tool to eliminate loblolly pines less than 3.8 cm (1.5 in.) GLD. Wide differences in ambient temperature at time of burning did not affect stem kill of unscorched trees in this study. Virtually all fire-caused mortality took place within four months postburn. A predictive model that explained 92% of the variation in mortality was developed to facilitate the use of fire to thin young, overcrowded loblolly pine stands in the southeastern United States. Use of this model in conjunction with a preburn stand survey allows estimation of the number and distribution of survivors prior to ignition. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Wade, D D AD - USDA Forest Serv., South. Forest Fire Lab., Rt. 1 Box 182A, Dry Branch, GA 31020, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 169 EP - 178 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - thinning KW - stands KW - Pinus taeda KW - USA, Georgia KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16897436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Thinning+young+loblolly+pine+stands+with+fire&rft.au=Wade%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; USA, Georgia; stands; thinning; fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of timber size-class on predation of artificial nests in extensive forest AN - 16897127; 3590750 AB - Depredation on artificial ground and cup nests in even-aged seedling/sapling, pole, and mature stands of continuous northern hardwood forest was studied in the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire, USA from May to June 1988. Track-board nests were used to identify predators of ground nests; plain ground nests and cup nests were used to investigate the effects of timber size-class on rates of predation. No elevation in nest predation rate was observed in the early stages of growth, nor was predation rate related to stand area. As elevated predation rates are usually taken to indicate the fragmentation of forest, the results of this study suggest that extensive hardwood-dominated forests in northern New England are not fragmented by even-aged management. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - DeGraaf, R M AU - Angelstam, P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Univ. Massachussetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 127 EP - 136 VL - 61 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - size distribution KW - predation KW - trees KW - nests KW - indicators KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - habitat fragmentation KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16897127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+timber+size-class+on+predation+of+artificial+nests+in+extensive+forest&rft.au=DeGraaf%2C+R+M%3BAngelstam%2C+P&rft.aulast=DeGraaf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire; trees; size distribution; nests; predation; indicators; habitat fragmentation; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near isogenic lines of soybeans as tools to identify nodulation specific-mutants of Bradyrhizobium elkanii AN - 16896648; 3588986 AB - The dominant allele Rj4 in soybean interdicts or restricts the nodulation of plants by certain strains of bacteria, most of which are classified as Bradyrhizobium elkanii, while the recessive allele permits normal nodulation with the same strains. The near isogenic lines BARC-2 (Rj4) and BARC-3 (rj4) are calculated to be 99.95% identical in their nuclear DNA, but differ specifically in the allele present at the Rj4 locus. These lines were used to identify spontaneous mutants of the Rj4-restricted Bradyrhizobium elkanii, strain USDA 61 Nal super(r) that had the ability to effectively nodulate plants of the Rj4 genotype. Of the eight rare nodules found on roots of soybean plants of the Rj4 genotype inoculated with the genetically marked strain USDA 61 Nal super(r), four were identified as containing mutants with the ability to overcome the effects of the Rj4 allele. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Devine, TE AU - O'Neill, J J AU - Kuykendall, L D AD - Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 205 EP - 209 VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Rj4 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - genetic analysis KW - symbiosis KW - nodulation KW - genes KW - Bradyrhizobium elkanii KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Near+isogenic+lines+of+soybeans+as+tools+to+identify+nodulation+specific-mutants+of+Bradyrhizobium+elkanii&rft.au=Devine%2C+TE%3BO%27Neill%2C+J+J%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic analysis; symbiosis; nodulation; genes; Bradyrhizobium elkanii; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic assessment of ungulate herbivory in commercial forests of eastern Oregon and Washington, USA AN - 16896542; 3590751 AB - Four forest stands in eastern Washington and Oregon, USA, containing exclosures to prevent or impede ungulate herbivory, were modeled to forecast timber yields and soil expectation values (SEVs) at harvest. Contrasts of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) growth and yield inside and outside exclosures show that ungulate herbivory may either promote or depress tree volume growth. Projected income from stands with more intensive stocking management and with inclusion of regulated livestock herbivory was higher than that of less intensively managed stands without livestock for scenarios with projected rising stumpage price levels for 2040. Under an assumption of future stumpage prices held constant at 1990 levels, the reverse was true. Ungulate herbivory plus planted stock and prescribed fire in site preparation provided the highest stand value at two sites. Sites without prescribed fire fared better when fenced to prevent livestock or big game herbivory. The results illustrate that ungulate herbivory alone is not the determinant factor of the economic yield of stands, but ungulate herbivory can have substantial impact on site productivity when used in conjunction with prescribed fire, stocking control, and species selection. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Weigand, J F AU - Haynes, R W AU - Tiedemann, A R AU - Riggs, R A AU - Quigley, T M AD - USDA Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 137 EP - 155 VL - 61 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forests KW - ungulates KW - yield KW - herbivory KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - economics KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Economic+assessment+of+ungulate+herbivory+in+commercial+forests+of+eastern+Oregon+and+Washington%2C+USA&rft.au=Weigand%2C+J+F%3BHaynes%2C+R+W%3BTiedemann%2C+A+R%3BRiggs%2C+R+A%3BQuigley%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Weigand&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Pacific Northwest; ungulates; herbivory; forests; yield; economics; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic variation in susceptibility to windthrow in young Douglas-fir AN - 16896513; 3590739 AB - The genetic component in susceptibility to windthrow was estimated among F2 full-sib families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) at an experimental forest site in western Oregon that was severely damaged by a storm on 7 January 1990. Progeny from half-diallel and factorial crosses had been planted in a randomized block design in two sets of three replications, one from seed sown in 1983 and another from seed sown in 1984. The proportion of trees within five-tree row family plots that were wind-thrown (PROP) and the proportion adjusted to remove the effect of mean plot height at 5 years (ADJPROP) were analyzed, the latter to test whether susceptibility to windthrow was primarily a function of wind resistance estimated from relative tree size. Trees in the 1983 set were 7 years old, averaging 2.1 m in height, and were produced from 87 crosses among 19 parent trees from four relatively low elevation seed sources in western Oregon and Washington. Trees in the 1984 set were 6 years old, averaging 1.6 m tall, and were produced from 51 crosses among 13 parent trees from one relatively high elevation seed source in western Oregon. Susceptibility or resistance to windthrow among parents was indicated by significant differences in proportion of windthrow in their progeny. In both sets, there was significant genetic variation in PROP and ADJPROP. The estimated total genetic component in the 1983 set, the sum of general combining ability (GCA) plus specific combining ability (SCA), accounted for 21.4% of the total variance in PROP and 18.6% of the total variance in ADJPROP (GCA percentage nearly equal to SCA percentage for both PROP and ADJPROP). In the 1984 set, GCA and SCA together accounted for 33.8% of the total variance in PROP (GCA percentage nearly equal to SCA percentage) and 22.6% of the total variance in ADJPROP. Results indicated that susceptibility to windthrow differed by family, and was significantly related to family height, but that height accounted for less than a third of the genetic component of variation. These data suggest that breeding for resistance to windthrow in Douglas-fir could be successful but would be expensive and probably reduce genetic gains in growth per generation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Silen, R R AU - Olson, D L AU - Weber, J C AD - Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., For. Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 17 EP - 28 VL - 61 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - genetics KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - USA, Oregon KW - windthrow KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Genetic+variation+in+susceptibility+to+windthrow+in+young+Douglas-fir&rft.au=Silen%2C+R+R%3BOlson%2C+D+L%3BWeber%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Silen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Oregon; windthrow; genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture, native revegetation, and Pinus lambertiana seedling survival, growth, and mycorrhiza formation following wildfire and grass seeding AN - 16895913; 3589510 AB - Grass seeding is widely used for erosion control, but its consequences for soil and regeneration following fire have been measured only infrequently. This study investigates the effect of grass seeding on the type and extent of plant cover; soil moisture percentage; and moisture stress, survival, growth, and root-tip and mycorrhiza formation of Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) seedlings in a clearcut intensely burned by wildfire. One-year-old containerized sugar pine seedlings were planted in seeded and nonseeded areas in Spring 1988 and 1989 in the Longwood Fire area of southwest Oregon. In 1988, tree seedlings in grass-seeded plots experienced intense competition from the grass, reduced root-tip and mycorrhiza formation, low levels of soil moisture to meet evapotranspirational demand, high levels of mortality, and reduced growth. In 1989, however, the opposite was true: tree seedlings in nonseeded plots experienced competition from invading native annuals and perennials, low levels of soil moisture in summer, and higher levels of mortality. The studies we report here further indicate that, in an area characterized by extended summer drought, annual ryegrass impeded regeneration of sugar pine during the first season following the fire. Native species cover and richness have been significantly reduced in the seeded area and may affect long-term soil stability, productivity, and conifer restoration. Seeding of annual ryegrass at high rates under these conditions would seem ill advised. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Amaranthus, M P AU - Trappe, J M AU - Perry, DA AD - U.S.D.A. For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Box 3890, Portland, OR 92708, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 188 EP - 195 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - soil water KW - incineration KW - drought KW - clearings KW - wildfire KW - Pinus lambertiana KW - Secale KW - seeding KW - mycorrhizas KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - vegetation KW - USA, Oregon KW - forests KW - erosion control KW - water stress KW - soil erosion KW - revegetation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture%2C+native+revegetation%2C+and+Pinus+lambertiana+seedling+survival%2C+growth%2C+and+mycorrhiza+formation+following+wildfire+and+grass+seeding&rft.au=Amaranthus%2C+M+P%3BTrappe%2C+J+M%3BPerry%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Amaranthus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus lambertiana; Secale; forests; revegetation; vegetation; erosion control; soil erosion; soil water; incineration; drought; water stress; USA, Oregon; clearings; wildfire; seeding; mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and cloning of a cyclic beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-D-glucan synthesis locus from Bradyrhizobium japonicum AN - 16892547; 3587205 AB - A cosmid clone complementing a cyclic beta -(1 arrow right 2)-glucan biosynthesis (ndvB) mutant of Rhizobium meliloti was isolated from a Bradyrhizobium japonicum gene library. This clone specified synthesis of beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-linked glucans in R. meliloti. The complemented strain was osmotically tolerant and symbiotically competent on alfalfa. Thus, beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-glucans can substitute functionally for beta -(1 arrow right 2)-glucans in R. meliloti. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean Alfalfa Res. Lab, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 139 EP - 144 VL - 114 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - beta -glucan KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning KW - Rhizobium meliloti KW - identification KW - loci KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - synthesis KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16892547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Identification+and+cloning+of+a+cyclic+beta+-%281+arrow+right+3%29%2C+beta+-%281+arrow+right+6%29-D-glucan+synthesis+locus+from+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A%3BTully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium meliloti; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; synthesis; loci; cloning; identification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rumen contents as a reservoir of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli AN - 16891375; 3587210 AB - We investigated the role of the rumen fermentation as a barrier to the foodborne pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7. Strains of E. coli, including several isolates of O157:H7, grew poorly in media which simulated the ruminal environment of a well-fed animal. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 did not display a superior tolerance to ruminal conditions which may facilitate their colonization of the bovine digestive tract. Unrestricted growth of E. coli was observed in rumen fluid collected from fasted cattle. Growth was inhibited by rumen fluid collected from well-fed animals. Well-fed animals appear less likely to become reservoirs for pathogenic E. coli. These results have implications for cattle slaughter practices and epidemiological studies of E. coli O157:H7. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Rasmussen, MA AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Casey, T A AU - Whipp, S C AD - Nat. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, PO Box 70, Ames, LA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 79 EP - 84 VL - 114 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - enterohemorrhagic strains KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - slaughter KW - reservoirs KW - fermentation KW - Escherichia coli KW - rumen microorganisms KW - food-borne diseases KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16891375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Rumen+contents+as+a+reservoir+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+MA%3BCray%2C+WC+Jr%3BCasey%2C+T+A%3BWhipp%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; rumen microorganisms; fermentation; food-borne diseases; reservoirs; slaughter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field observations of adult emergence and feeding behavior of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on dallisgrass ergot honeydew AN - 16890255; 3588518 AB - Timing and magnitude of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), emergence was measured in a corn, Zea mays (L.), field near College Station, TX. Approximately 15,500 H. zea per hectare were produced, with 85% of the moths emerging in a 10-d interval. Feeding H. zea moths were observed to be highly attracted to honeydew exudates of ergot, Claviceps paspali (F. L. Stevens & J. G. Hall) on infected florets of dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum (Poir.) in an adjacent pasture. Moths began feeding on the ergot at dusk. Feeding densities increased rapidly to peak at <1 h after sunset and then declined to relatively low levels by 2 h after sunset. Dissection analyses of sampled females showed that 95% were unmated, indicating that the characteristic age of the feeding moths was less than or equal to 1 d. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Beerwinkle, K R AU - Shaver, T N AU - Lopez, JD Jr AD - Crop Insect Pest Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Route 5, Box 808, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 554 EP - 558 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Texas KW - Claviceps paspali KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - ergot KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - feeding behavior KW - Noctuidae KW - attractants KW - emergence KW - USA KW - adults KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16890255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+observations+of+adult+emergence+and+feeding+behavior+of+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+on+dallisgrass+ergot+honeydew&rft.au=Beerwinkle%2C+K+R%3BShaver%2C+T+N%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr&rft.aulast=Beerwinkle&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; USA; adults; emergence; feeding behavior; attractants; ergot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of potato leafroll virus in leaf and aphid extracts by dot-blot hybridization AN - 16887394; 3577494 AB - Cloned cDNA to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) RNA was evaluated for detection of PLRV in virus-infected samples from four states and the countries of Colombia and Russia. The use of formaldehyde was 32 times more effective than formamide for denaturing leaf tissue extracts in the dot-blot assay, and the sensitivity of the technique was estimated to equal that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PLRV detection. These results, use of a commercial leaf sap extractor, detection of virus in bulk aphid samples, and use of the assay in a nonradioactive format demonstrate that the technology has potential for large-scale disease screening programs. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smith, O P AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Keller, C J AU - Beck, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Sci. Res. Unit, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1098 EP - 1102 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - aphids KW - dot-blot hybridization KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - potato leafroll virus KW - leaves KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Detection+of+potato+leafroll+virus+in+leaf+and+aphid+extracts+by+dot-blot+hybridization&rft.au=Smith%2C+O+P%3BDamsteegt%2C+V+D%3BKeller%2C+C+J%3BBeck%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - potato leafroll virus; leaves; detection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses and protection against infection and abortion in cattle experimentally vaccinated with mutant strains of Brucella abortus AN - 16884265; 3794391 AB - Twenty-four 10-month-old Polled Hereford heifers were inoculated SC with live cells of one of the following strains of Brucella abortus: S19 Delta 31K (n = 4), S19 Delta SOD (n = 4), RB51 (n = 4), and strain 19 (n = 6); controls (n = 6) were given saline solution. Heifers given the deletion mutants S19 Delta 31K and S19 Delta SOD, and those given strain 19 developed antibody responses to B. abortus and cutaneous reactions to brucellin. Heifers given strain RB51 did not develop antibodies that reacted in the standard tube agglutination test, but sera reacted in tests, using an antibody dot-blot assay containing RB51 antigen. The S19 Delta 31K and S19 Delta SOD strains of B. abortus isolated from lymph node tissue after vaccination did not differ genetically from the master stock strain. All heifers were bred naturally at 16 to 17 months of age, and were challenge-exposed intraconjunctivally with virulent B. abortus strain 2308 during the fifth month of pregnancy. All vaccinated heifers were protected (ie, none aborted and none had B. abortus isolated from their tissues after parturition). Calves born from vaccinated dams were free of B. abortus. Antibody responses in heifers after challenge exposure were an indicator of immunity. All 5 control heifers (nonvaccinated) developed serum antibodies after challenge exposure; 3 aborted, and 1 delivered a small, weak calf at 8.5 months of gestation. Thus, live mutant strains of B. abortus can induce protective immunity when given at 10 months of age, and strain RB51 is a strong candidate for further testing. (DBO) JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Cheville, N F AU - Stevens, M G AU - Jensen, A E AU - Tatum, F M AU - Halling, S M AD - USDA/ARS, Brucellosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1591 EP - 1597 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - abortion KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+and+protection+against+infection+and+abortion+in+cattle+experimentally+vaccinated+with+mutant+strains+of+Brucella+abortus&rft.au=Cheville%2C+N+F%3BStevens%2C+M+G%3BJensen%2C+A+E%3BTatum%2C+F+M%3BHalling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Cheville&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; abortion; immune response; vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Where do chemicals go when it rains? AN - 16882369; 3584235 AB - Over A 15-week period last spring from planning to harvest, the author created 12 heavy rains in the first part of a 2-year study to measure agrichemical runoff. Those rains are yielding a downpour of data for researchers with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton. The purpose of the research, partially funded by a grant authorized by the USDA National Water Quality Initiative, is to simultaneously measure the movement of water, chemicals, and soil caused by heavy rains. They want to track that movement off crop leaves, as well as into the soil and off the field. While many of the applied chemicals break down and degrade before such rains occur, some can pollute ground- or surface-water supplies if it rains too hard too soon after they are applied. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Wauchope, D AD - USDA-ARS Nematodes, Weeds, and Crops Res. Unit, Georgia Coast. Plain Exper. Stn., P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 20 EP - 21 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - research programs KW - stormwater runoff KW - storm runoff KW - path of pollutants KW - agricultural chemicals KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water sampling KW - USA KW - precipitation KW - agricultural runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Where+do+chemicals+go+when+it+rains%3F&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural runoff; water sampling; storm runoff; precipitation; path of pollutants; agricultural chemicals; USA; research programs; stormwater runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of short-chain fatty acids on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in an in vitro system AN - 16882162; 3586439 AB - Previous studies have revealed a reduction of cecal Salmonella carriage from feeding either carbohydrate or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This in vitro study presents a profile of the relative SCFA content of the ceca when chicks are fed an unmedicated diet with 2.5% carbohydrate. Subsequent incorporation of these acids into culture medium was used to demonstrate their antagonistic activity toward in vitro growth of Salmonella typhimurium. Commonly found concentrations of SCFAs based upon the above findings reduced in vitro Salmonella growth by at least 50%, and 10x concentrations inhibited growth more than 80%. An explanation of the mechanism(s) involved in growth reduction is offered. JF - Avian Diseases AU - McHan, F AU - Shotts, E B AD - USDA, ARS, Russell Res. Cent., Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 396 EP - 398 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - fatty acids KW - inhibition KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - mechanisms KW - Salmonella KW - competition KW - growth KW - A 01018:Animal foods KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+short-chain+fatty+acids+on+the+growth+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+in+an+in+vitro+system&rft.au=McHan%2C+F%3BShotts%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=McHan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella; growth; fatty acids; inhibition; competition; mechanisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of Pasteurella haemolytica subunit antigens in a goat model of pasteurellosis AN - 16877667; 3794385 AB - The effectiveness of Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (Ph1) subunit vaccines was tested in goats, using challenge exposure by transthoracic injection. Twenty-two weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 4 groups. Six goats were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 18 days apart with live Ph1 impregnated in agar beads (positive controls). Six goats were not given injections (negative controls). Five goats were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 18 days apart with 4.6 mg of cytotoxin in agar beads. The remaining 5 goats were given 2 IM injections, 18 days apart, into the thigh with 4.6 mg of cytotoxin emulsified in incomplete Freunds' adjuvant. Twenty-four days after the second injection, all goats were challenge-exposed to live Ph1 by transthoracic injection into the lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Serum neutralizing anticytotoxin titer was measured throughout the experiment. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was 0.38 cm super(3) for the positive control group, 32 cm super(3) for the negative control group; 19 cm super(3) for the cytotoxin-lung group; and 88 cm super(3) for the cytotoxin-adjuvant-IM group. Only the positive control group was protected from Ph1 challenge exposure. The Ph1 cytotoxin subunit vaccine alone appeared to be ineffective, and the anticytotoxin titer was not correlated with protection. In a separate trial, 32 weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 5 groups. Each was given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 22 days apart. Six goats were given Ph1 cytotoxin impregnated into agar beads; 6 were given Ph1 lipopolysaccharide impregnated in agar beads; 6 were given Ph1 capsule impregnated in agar beads. Six goats were given agar beads only (negative controls), and 6 were given live Ph1 impregnated into agar beads (positive controls). Twenty days after the second injection, all goats were challenge-exposed to live Ph1 by transthoracic injection into the lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was 0.14 cm super(3) for the positive control group, 7.59 cm super(3) for the negative control group, 11.21 cm super(3) for the cytotoxin group, 10.19 cm super(3) for the lipopolysaccharide group, and 1.6 cm super(3) for the capsule group. Again, only injection of live Ph1 (positive controls) induced solid protection; however, the capsule subunit vaccine induced partial protection against challenge exposure in this trial. Lipopolysaccharide and cytotoxin subunit vaccines were ineffective in protecting goats against challenge exposure with live Ph1. (DBO) JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Struck, D AU - Foster, G S AD - USDA/ARS, Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1637 EP - 1647 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - goats KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - pasteurellosis KW - antigens KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16877667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+subunit+antigens+in+a+goat+model+of+pasteurellosis&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BStruck%2C+D%3BFoster%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; pasteurellosis; antigens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research achievements in plant resistance to insect pests of cool season food legumes AN - 16876305; 3581285 AB - Plant resistance to at least 17 field and storage insect pests of cool season food legumes has been identified. For the most part, this resistance was located in the primary gene pools of grain legumes via conventional laboratory, greenhouse, and field screening methods. The use of analytical techniques (i.e., capillary gas chromatography) to characterize plant chemicals that mediate the host selection behavior of pest insects offers promise as a new, more rapid way to differentiate between insect-resistant and susceptible plant material. Examples of research achievements in mechanisms of resistance and host-plant resistance within the context of integrated control programs are discussed. Accelerating the development and subsequent releases of insect-resistant cultivars to pulse farmers requires more involvement from interdisciplinary teams of plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, plant chemists, molecular biologists, and other scientists. JF - Euphytica AU - Clement, S L AU - El-Din Sharaf El-Din, N AU - Weigand, S AU - Lateef, S S AD - USDA-ARS, Reg. Plant Introd. Stn., 59 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 41 EP - 50 VL - 73 IS - 1-2 SN - 0014-2336, 0014-2336 KW - gene pool KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Cicer arietinum KW - reviews KW - Lathyrus sativus KW - Lens culinaris KW - Pisum sativum KW - screening projects KW - pest resistance KW - screening KW - resistance KW - Vicia faba KW - legumes KW - Insecta KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=Research+achievements+in+plant+resistance+to+insect+pests+of+cool+season+food+legumes&rft.au=Clement%2C+S+L%3BEl-Din+Sharaf+El-Din%2C+N%3BWeigand%2C+S%3BLateef%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euphytica&rft.issn=00142336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; reviews; screening; resistance; legumes; screening projects; Cicer arietinum; Lathyrus sativus; Lens culinaris; Vicia faba; Pisum sativum; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid biorecognition assay for herbicides in biological matrices AN - 16873259; 3584044 AB - A rapid assay capable of detecting several commonly used herbicides at nanogram per milliliter concentrations in biological fluids is described. The assay is based on inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach thylakoids by the target compounds with colorimetric detection using a redox dye. Using a microtiter plate format, high throughput assays of water, urine, and homogenized tissue were performed in minutes with minimal sample preparation. Detection limits of 3 ng/mL for atrazine, 3 ng/mL for diuron, and 1 ng/mL for terbutryn were observed. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Brewster, J D AU - Lightfield, A R AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2415 EP - 2419 VL - 65 IS - 18 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - detection KW - herbicides KW - assays KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16873259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Rapid+biorecognition+assay+for+herbicides+in+biological+matrices&rft.au=Brewster%2C+J+D%3BLightfield%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; detection; assays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host-size preference of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae [Hym.: Pteromalidae] on Sitophilus zeamais (Col.: Curculionidae) larvae with a uniform age distribution AN - 16872271; 3581547 AB - First generation Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) collected from commercial stored maize in South Carolina were exposed to a mixture of all sizes of immature Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, representative of a uniform age distribution, in shelled maize. Eighty-seven percent of parasitism is expected on larvae with tunnel diameters of 0.9 to 1.8 mm and 6% on prepupae and pupae, given this host-size distribution. Preference was greatest for large host larvae (1.6 mm diameter), intermediate for other larvae in the range 0.9 to 1.8 mm, and least for pupae and small larvae. Host-stage preference is discussed with respect to Chesson's (1983) parameters for preference, alpha sub(i), probability of parasitism, P sub(i), and electivity index epsilon sub(i). JF - Entomophaga AU - Smith, L AD - Stored-Prod. Insects R&D Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 22909, Savannah, GA 31403, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 225 EP - 233 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Anisopteromalus calandrae KW - host preferences KW - age composition KW - parasitoids KW - Sitophilus zeamais KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Curculionidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16872271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Host-size+preference+of+the+parasitoid+Anisopteromalus+calandrae+%5BHym.%3A+Pteromalidae%5D+on+Sitophilus+zeamais+%28Col.%3A+Curculionidae%29+larvae+with+a+uniform+age+distribution&rft.au=Smith%2C+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anisopteromalus calandrae; Sitophilus zeamais; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; USA, South Carolina; host preferences; parasitoids; age composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence and ecological relationships of pupal parasitism by Brachymeria intermedia in New Jersey populations of the gypsy moth AN - 16871399; 3584154 AB - Pupal parasitism of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was monitored in 15 study plots in New Jersey from 1978 to 1988. The predominant parasitoid was a chalcidid wasp, Brachymeria intermedia (Nees), which was found in only six plots. Parasitism was generally observed in the year of or preceding the peak numbers of gypsy moth egg masses. Parasitism exceeded 4% in only one plot. Percentage parasitism was correlated significantly with numbers of egg masses per hectare in the current season and with numbers of pupae per plot in the previous season, suggesting delayed density dependence. A multiple regression analysis found percentage parasitism to be correlated significantly with percentage infection by nuclear polyhedrosis virus, density of male host pupae, and mean minimum temperature in August and March. A canonical discriminant analysis carried out to distinguish study plots with and without the parasitoid was significant. Plots with B. intermedia had relatively higher host populations and defoliation. JF - Entomophaga AU - Williams, D W AU - Fuester, R W AU - Metterhouse, W W AU - Balaam, R J AU - Bullock, R H AU - Chianese, R J AU - Reardon, R C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 5 Radnor Corporate Cent., 100 Matsonford Rd., Suite 200, Radnor, PA 19087, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 257 EP - 266 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Brachymeria intermedia KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, New Jersey KW - pupae KW - Lepidoptera KW - parasitism KW - Lymantriidae KW - host-parasite interactions KW - ecology KW - Hymenoptera KW - Chalcididae KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Incidence+and+ecological+relationships+of+pupal+parasitism+by+Brachymeria+intermedia+in+New+Jersey+populations+of+the+gypsy+moth&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BFuester%2C+R+W%3BMetterhouse%2C+W+W%3BBalaam%2C+R+J%3BBullock%2C+R+H%3BChianese%2C+R+J%3BReardon%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; Chalcididae; Hymenoptera; USA, New Jersey; parasitism; pupae; host-parasite interactions; ecology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of nuclear division in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during in vitro development AN - 16868034; 3578695 AB - The number of nuclei in spores and along hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita was measured in digital images of fluorescence arising from mithramycin stained cultures. Typical dormant spores (250 mu m diameter) contained 2000 nuclei. Eight hundred nuclei were mobilized during the first 3 days of germination. The number of nuclei in the spores nearly returned to the initial number after 22 days of hyphal growth. The average relative DNA content in the nuclei of dormant spores and in the nuclei of spores incubated for 22 days was comparable, as judged from fluorescence intensity. Hyphal elongation occurred with 460 nuclei per cm under a special set of in vitro conditions that promote extensive hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We found an average total of 26 000 hyphal nuclei per germinating spore after 22 days. The specific DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor aphidicolin did not inhibit spore germination but it rapidly reduced the rate of hyphal growth and arrested growth after 4 days. No nuclei were produced de novo during this time. JF - Protoplasma AU - Becard, G AU - Pfeffer, P E AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 62 EP - 68 VL - 174 IS - 1-2 SN - 0033-183X, 0033-183X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nuclear division KW - in vitro KW - mycorrhizas KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - fungi KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16868034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protoplasma&rft.atitle=Status+of+nuclear+division+in+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi+during+in+vitro+development&rft.au=Becard%2C+G%3BPfeffer%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Becard&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Protoplasma&rft.issn=0033183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora margarita; mycorrhizas; fungi; nuclear division; in vitro; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular detection of diverse mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows and their classification with aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows MLOs AN - 16867011; 3578199 AB - Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and restriction analyses of PCR-amplified DNA were used to detect and differentiate strains of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows detected in naturally diseased grapevines in the United States and Italy. At least three major groups of grapevine-infecting MLOs were delineated. FDVA1 MLO, discovered in yellows-diseased grapevines in Virginia, and flavescence doree MLO strain FDU from northern Italy were classified with X-disease MLOs; grapevine yellows-associated MLO strains FDG from Germany, CA1, CH1, SAN1, and SAN2 from northern Italy, and FDB and FDR from southern Italy were classified with aster yellows MLOs; and flavescence doree MLO strain FDF from France was classified in the elm yellows MLO group. The data support consideration of grapevine yellows as a complex of several diseases of diverse etiologies. JF - Phytopathology AU - Prince, J P AU - Davis, R E AU - Wolf, T K AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AU - Mogen, B D AU - Dally, EL AU - Bertaccini, A AU - Credi, R AU - Barba, M AD - USDA-ARS Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1130 EP - 1137 VL - 83 IS - 10 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma-like organisms KW - diagnosis KW - detection KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - plant diseases KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16867011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Molecular+detection+of+diverse+mycoplasmalike+organisms+%28MLOs%29+associated+with+grapevine+yellows+and+their+classification+with+aster+yellows%2C+X-disease%2C+and+elm+yellows+MLOs&rft.au=Prince%2C+J+P%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BWolf%2C+T+K%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming%3BMogen%2C+B+D%3BDally%2C+EL%3BBertaccini%2C+A%3BCredi%2C+R%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma-like organisms; detection; plant diseases; diagnosis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling tree mortality following wildfire in Pinus ponderosa forests in the central Sierra Nevada of California AN - 16865981; 3575310 AB - We modeled tree mortality occurring two years following wildfire in Pinus ponderosa forests using data from 1275 trees in 25 stands burned during the 1987 Stanislaus Complex fires. We used logistic regression analysis to develop models relating the probability of wildfire-induced mortality with tree size and fire severity for Pinus ponderosa, Calocedrus decurrens, Quercus chrysolepis, and Q. kelloggii. One set of models predicts mortality probability as a function of DBH and height of stem-bark char, a second set of models uses relative char height (height of stem-bark char as a proportion of tree height) as the predictor. Probability of mortality increased with increasing height of stem-bark char and decreased with increasing tree DBH and height. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that both sets of models is perform well for all species, with 83 to 96 percent concordance between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes. The models can be used to predict the probability of post-wildfire mortality of four tree species common in Pinus ponderosa forests in the central Sierra Nevada of California. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Regelbrugge, J C AU - Conard, S G AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 139 EP - 148 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - models KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus kelloggii KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - fires KW - mortality KW - USA, California KW - Calocedrus decurrens KW - Quercus chrysolepis KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16865981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Modeling+tree+mortality+following+wildfire+in+Pinus+ponderosa+forests+in+the+central+Sierra+Nevada+of+California&rft.au=Regelbrugge%2C+J+C%3BConard%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Regelbrugge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Calocedrus decurrens; Quercus chrysolepis; Quercus kelloggii; USA, California; fires; mortality; models; wildfire ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced disease resistance to enteric septicemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, administered lytic peptide AN - 16864790; 3573498 AB - Lytic peptides have been shown in vitro to be toxic to a wide range of fish bacterial pathogens, including Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent for enteric septicemia. Fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were challenged with an injection of Edwardsiella ictaluri, and lytic peptide was administered with a single intraperitoneal injection 24 hours later. In a second group, lytic peptide was also administered by osmotic pump 7 days before the bacterial challenge. A range of peptide concentrations (20-400 mu g/g fish) was used. Mortalities were recorded for 7 days after injection of bacteria, and E. ictaluri was isolated and quantified by standard plate counts from livers. Various tissues were examined for abnormalities due to bacteria and peptide treatment. Fish injected with lytic peptide at 400 mu g/g had up to a 95% reduction in bacteria and a 65% reduction in mortality compared to complete mortality in bacteria-injected controls. Fish implanted with osmotic pumps had 99.3% reduction in bacterial counts and had 6% mortality. Tissue samples from infected fish showed changes typical of reaction to immunologic stimuli and infection, while control fish injected with saline or peptide had normal gills, spleens, and kidneys. This study shows the potential for enhancing channel catfish disease resistance to E. ictaluri and other diseases by transferring the gene coding for the lytic peptide into channel catfish. JF - Journal of Applied Aquaculture AU - Kelly, D G AU - Wolters, W R AU - Jaynes, J M AU - Newton, J C AD - USDA/ARS Catfish Genetics Res. Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 34 VL - 3 IS - 1-2 SN - 1045-4438, 1045-4438 KW - bacterial diseases KW - enteric septicemia KW - fish diseases KW - lytic peptide KW - septicemia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - immunology KW - mortality KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16864790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Enhanced+disease+resistance+to+enteric+septicemia+in+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus%2C+administered+lytic+peptide&rft.au=Kelly%2C+D+G%3BWolters%2C+W+R%3BJaynes%2C+J+M%3BNewton%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.issn=10454438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; immunology; fish diseases; mortality; bacterial diseases; septicemia; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Monitoring urban forest health AN - 16864179; 3575084 AB - Renewed interest in urban forestry has resulted in significant public investment in trees during the past few years, yet comprehensive urban forest monitoring programs are uncommon. Monitoring is an integral component of a program to sustain healthy community forests and long term flows of net benefits. Volunteer-based monitoring will promote continued public involvement and support in community forestry. To overcome constraints to monitoring in urban environments, programs must be personally relevant, socially desirable, scientifically credible, and economically feasible. A three-tiered monitoring approach is presented. Canopy cover analysis documents net gains and losses in regional urban forest cover. Simplified detection monitoring uses trained volunteers to better understand tree population dynamics, while intensive monitoring characterizes urban forest functions and stressors. Implementation of an urban forest health initiative to develop, place, and evaluate monitoring programs is advocated. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - McPherson, E G Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 165 EP - 174 VL - 26 IS - 2-3 KW - urban environments KW - leaf area KW - environmental stress KW - volunteers KW - urban areas KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - environmental monitoring KW - D 04695:Urban environments KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16864179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Monitoring+urban+forest+health&rft.au=McPherson%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Byram's derivation of the energy criterion for forest and wildland fires AN - 16856676; 3575292 AB - G.M. Byram's energy criterion for forest and wildland fires consists of two equations: one for computing the rate of flow of kinetic energy in the atmosphere due to the wind field (P sub(w)), and one for estimating the rate of conversion of thermal energy to kinetic energy in the convection column (P sub(f)). The derivation of the equations has remained unpublished since their introduction in 1959. Byram considered the dimensionless ratio of P sub(f) to P sub(w) an indicator of the vertical structure of convection over a fire and referred to the ratio as the convection number, N sub(c). In view of past and current interest in the behavior of large fires, Byram's derivation of the equations for P sub(w) and P sub(f) is presented along with a sketch and some additional wording for purposes of clarification. The assumptions and possible limitations in Byram's analysis are discussed. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Nelson, RM Jr AD - Intermountain Res. Stn., Intermountain Fire Sci. Lab., Forest Serv., USDA, 37 Battery Park Ave., Room 283A, Asheville, NC 28801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 131 EP - 138 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Bryam's energy criterion KW - energy flow KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - mathematical models KW - fires KW - wilderness KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16856676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Byram%27s+derivation+of+the+energy+criterion+for+forest+and+wildland+fires&rft.au=Nelson%2C+RM+Jr&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fires; forests; wilderness; mathematical models; energy flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between clinical lameness and Borrelia burgdorferi antibody in dairy cows AN - 16854987; 3573675 AB - Results of an ELISA, indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, and immunoblot analysis (western blotting) for antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in a sample of 216 lactating dairy cows were compared. The microscopic microtitration agglutination test for antibody to 6 serovars of Leptospira interrogans was also performed to evaluate possible cross-reactivity between B. burgdorferi and L. interrogans. Using western blotting as the standard test against which the ELISA and IFA test were compared, the ELISA had greater sensitivity (50% in summer and 38% in spring) with similar specificity (83 and 82%), compared with the IFA test (sensitivity, 6 and 5%; specificity, 90 and 83%). In addition, seropositivity to B. burgdorferi, using the ELISA, was not found to be associated with seropositivity to L. interrogans serovars. A matched case-control study evaluating the association between clinical lameness and antibody to B. burgdorferi was performed in lactating dairy cows of 17 Minnesota and Wisconsin herds. Sera from case and control cows matched by herd, parity, and stage of lactation were evaluated, using an ELISA for B. burgdorferi antibody during 2 seasons. High B. burgdorferi antibody values were associated with clinical lameness in dairy cows (P = 0.006 in summer and P = 0.04 in spring). JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Wells, S J AU - Trent, A M AU - Robinson, R A AU - Knutson, K S AU - Bey, R F AD - USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl. Anim. Health Monitoring System, 555 S. Howes, Ste 200, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 398 EP - 405 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - lameness KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - dairy industry KW - association KW - Leptospira interrogans KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16854987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Association+between+clinical+lameness+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi+antibody+in+dairy+cows&rft.au=Wells%2C+S+J%3BTrent%2C+A+M%3BRobinson%2C+R+A%3BKnutson%2C+K+S%3BBey%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Leptospira interrogans; dairy industry; antibodies; association; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation by spiders on ground-released screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a mountainous area of southern Mexico AN - 16853317; 3568973 JF - Journal of Arachnology AU - Welch, J B AD - USDA-ARS Screwworm Res. Cent., Space Res., WRW 402, Univ. Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1085, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 23 EP - 28 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0161-8202, 0161-8202 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - predation KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - mountains KW - Mexico KW - Araneae KW - Diptera KW - Calliphoridae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16853317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arachnology&rft.atitle=Predation+by+spiders+on+ground-released+screwworm+flies%2C+Cochliomyia+hominivorax+%28Diptera%3A+Calliphoridae%29+in+a+mountainous+area+of+southern+Mexico&rft.au=Welch%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arachnology&rft.issn=01618202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliomyia hominivorax; Calliphoridae; Diptera; Araneae; Mexico; predation; mountains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction fragment length polymorphisms distinguish Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis isolates from different geographical locations AN - 16851823; 3562191 AB - Genetic variability among Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis isolates representing several geographical regions was determined by restriction endonuclease analysis. Five previously unidentified EcoRI digestion patterns and one previously unidentified HhaI digestion pattern were seen with the various isolates. The copy number and genomic distribution of an L. borgpetersenii insertion sequence (IS1533) was determined. Hardjo-bovis isolate 033 (the type strain for hardjo-bovis) contained 40 well dispersed copies of IS1533. IS1533 probes were used to compare hardjo-bovis isolates by DNA blot hybridization analysis. Use of these probes showed the presence of additional genetic heterogeneity among hardjo-bovis isolates, which restriction endonuclease analysis did not show. Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of DNAs from several isolates suggested that some polymorphisms arose by genomic rearrangements. All hardjo-bovis isolates were categorized into 14 distinct groups on the basis of common hybridization and endonuclease digestion patterns. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Ellis, WA AU - Bolin, CA AU - Montgomery, J M AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 578 EP - 583 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - genetic variability KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - isolates KW - Leptospira borgpetersenii KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - determination KW - methodology KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16851823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Restriction+fragment+length+polymorphisms+distinguish+Leptospira+borgpetersenii+serovar+hardjo+type+hardjo-bovis+isolates+from+different+geographical+locations&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BEllis%2C+WA%3BBolin%2C+CA%3BMontgomery%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira borgpetersenii; isolates; methodology; determination; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting and measuring drift of Bacillus thuringiensis sprays AN - 16848668; 3568683 AB - Drift of the pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Bt) was measured downwind from a gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) treatment block in mountain terrain. The study was conducted in conjunction with a project to eradicate the moth along the Wasatch mountain range of Utah. Objectives of the study were to quantitate drift, to evaluate drift sampling methods, and to compare FSCBG (Forest Service Cramer-Barry-Grim) computer model predictions to field measurements of Bt based on colony-forming units. The treatment block was sprayed by helicopter three times, within a 12-d period during June 1991, which provided a study of three replicates. During each spray, downslope drainage winds carried the spray over an array of samplers that extended 3,150 m downwind. The FSCBG dispersion model, exercised after the treatments, used meteorological inputs measured during the treatments to predict spray deposition and airborne dosage of Bt. Results of the study demonstrated a correlation among dosage, deposition and total flux samplers; a potential of Bt drift of at least 3,150 m; and FSCBG model predictions that generally followed the field recovery data. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Barry, J W AU - Skyler, P J AU - Teske, ME AU - Rafferty, JA AU - Grim, B S AD - USDA, Forest Serv., 2121C Second St., Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1977 EP - 1989 VL - 12 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - sprays KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - drift KW - pesticides KW - measurement KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16848668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Predicting+and+measuring+drift+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+sprays&rft.au=Barry%2C+J+W%3BSkyler%2C+P+J%3BTeske%2C+ME%3BRafferty%2C+JA%3BGrim%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sprays; drift; pesticides; measurement; Bacillus thuringiensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro stimulation of forage fiber degradation by ruminal microorganisms with Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract AN - 16842493; 3565745 AB - Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (Amaferm) was evaluated for its ability to influence degradation of brome grass and switchgrass fiber fractions by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro. Addition of Amaferm at a concentration of 0.067 mg/ml, which is approximately the concentration found in the rumen ecosystem (0.06 mg/ml), increased the degradation of brome grass neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 28% after fermentation for 12 h, but had no effect after fermentation for 24 or 48 h. The levels of degradation of both the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were increased after fermentation for 12 h. Additions of 0.08 and 8% (vol/vol) Amaferm filtrate (12.5 g/100 ml) stimulated degradation of switchgrass NDF by 12 and 24%, respectively, after fermentation for 12 h; when 80% filtrate was added, degradation was decreased by 38%. The concentrations of total anaerobes in culture tubes containing 80% filtrate were 5 times greater than the concentrations in the controls; however, the concentrations of cellulolytic organisms were 3.5 times lower than the concentrations in the controls. These results suggested that the filtrate contained high concentrations of soluble substrate which did not allow the cellulolytic organisms to compete well with other populations. The remaining concentrations of esterified p-coumaric and ferulic acids were lower at 12 h in NDF residues obtained from fermentation mixtures supplemented with Amaferm. Because the total anaerobes were not inhibited in fermentation mixtures containing Amaferm, antibiotics are unlikely to be involved as a mode of action for increasing NDF degradation. The possibility that Amaferm contains enzymes (possibly esterases) that may play a role in stimulating the rate of fiber degradation by mixed ruminal microorganisms by removal of plant cell wall phenolic acid esters is discussed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Varel, V H AU - Kreikemeier, K K AU - Jung, H-JG AU - Hatfield, R D AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3171 EP - 3176 VL - 59 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - in vitro stimulation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus oryzae KW - biodegradation KW - feeds KW - fibers KW - forage KW - fermentation KW - extracts KW - rumen microorganisms KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+stimulation+of+forage+fiber+degradation+by+ruminal+microorganisms+with+Aspergillus+oryzae+fermentation+extract&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H%3BKreikemeier%2C+K+K%3BJung%2C+H-JG%3BHatfield%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feeds; biodegradation; fibers; forage; fermentation; extracts; rumen microorganisms; Aspergillus oryzae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and characterization of advanced potato breeding clones for resistance to scab by cluster analysis AN - 16838164; 3562938 AB - Seventeen potato breeding lines and four cultivars were evaluated in replicated field trials in Presque Isle, Maine, from 1988 to 1991 for their reaction to scab (Streptomyces scabies). All tubers were individually scored for type of lesion (0 = none to 5 = pitted scab) and surface area covered (0 = 0% to 12 = 100%). Computations were made for lesion index (LI), surface area index (SAI), and overall scab index (OSI). Analyses of variance of LI, SAI, and OSI revealed significant differences among potato lines in 1989-1991. Cluster analyses on the combination of LI and SAI were superior to clustering on OSI alone. Five clusters were defined in 1989-1991. Cluster analysis provides a means to quantitatively compare the scab reactions of new germ plasm with that of cultivars used as disease standards. JF - Plant Disease AU - Goth, R W AU - Haynes, K G AU - Wilson AD - USDA-ARS, Veg. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 911 EP - 914 VL - 77 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - scab KW - Streptomyces scabies KW - plant breeding KW - methodology KW - evaluation KW - A 01028:Others KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16838164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+characterization+of+advanced+potato+breeding+clones+for+resistance+to+scab+by+cluster+analysis&rft.au=Goth%2C+R+W%3BHaynes%2C+K+G%3BWilson&rft.aulast=Goth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; scab; plant breeding; methodology; evaluation; Solanum tuberosum; Streptomyces scabies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Comparative developmental biology and food consumption and utilization AN - 16836672; 3559523 AB - Developmental biology and food consumption and utilization of male and female southwestern corn borers, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, and fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were compared when reared on a meridic diet. Variations in some developmental parameters were sex-related. Female southwestern corn borer larvae ( gamma 8 d old) and pupae were significantly heavier, had significantly wider head capsules in fourth and fifth instars, and had a significantly longer developmental period than males, but their pupal developmental periods did not differ. In fall armyworm, the only developmental parameter that differed between sexes was the pupal developmental period (significantly shorter in females). Food consumption and utilization by selected larval age groups were estimated with indices for the amount of food ingested, diet assimilated, approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and efficiency of conversion of assimilated food (ECD). Five-, 7-, and 8-d-old southwestern corn borer males and females had equivalent weight gains, and food consumption and utilization. However, 10-, 13-, and 15-d-old females gained significantly more weight, ingested and digested significantly more and had significantly higher ECI and ECD values than comparably aged males. The AD values of these three age groups did not differ significantly between sexes. In contrast, no significant differences in weight gained or in any of the estimated food consumption and utilization indices at all age groups studied were observed between male and female fall armyworm larvae. Thus, variation of developmental biologies of these lepidopterous species are not only species-related but also sex-related. Use of developmental parameters of insects as indicators to measure or compare experimental treatment effects or as criteria for selecting insects to be used in an experiment must be done with caution. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Ng, Sen Seong AU - Davis, F M AU - Reese, J C AD - Crop Sci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 394 EP - 400 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - development KW - Lepidoptera KW - food consumption KW - energy utilization KW - Noctuidae KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Diatraea grandiosella KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16836672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Southwestern+corn+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+and+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%3A+Comparative+developmental+biology+and+food+consumption+and+utilization&rft.au=Ng%2C+Sen+Seong%3BDavis%2C+F+M%3BReese%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Sen&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diatraea grandiosella; Spodoptera frugiperda; Pyralidae; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; development; food consumption; energy utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiotelemetry temperature responses of mammary gland and body to intramammary injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin or Streptococcus agalactiae in lactating dairy cows AN - 16833574; 3561470 AB - To investigate the feasibility of using changes in body or mammary temperature to detect mastitis, radiotransmitters were implanted midway between rear udder quarters and in the peritoneal cavity of 5 Holstein cows (1 to 3 months in lactation) housed in an environmental chamber (16 C; lights on 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM). After a 6-week control period, Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.5 mg) was injected after the morning milking into left rear teat cisterns via the teat canal. Wisconsin mastitis test score and somatic cell count in all quarters increased significantly by the next milking. Effects were greatest in the endotoxin-exposed quarters. Milk yields for all quarters decreased significantly by the first milking after endotoxin injection. Udder and body temperatures at milkings were similar and were not affected by treatment. When temperatures were averaged for the 5 cows for each of 120 time points/d, average temperatures, relative to time of injection of endotoxin, were increased by 0.5 C above baseline at 2.75 hours, peaked at +2.9 C at 6.50 hours, and remained high through 9.25 hours after injection. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Lefcourt, A M AU - Bitman, J AU - Wood, D L AU - Stroud, B AU - Schultze, W D AD - USDA-ARS, Livest. and Poult. Sci. Inst., Build. 179, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 798 EP - 804 VL - 54 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - endotoxins KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Escherichia coli KW - body temperature KW - mammary gland KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16833574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Radiotelemetry+temperature+responses+of+mammary+gland+and+body+to+intramammary+injection+of+Escherichia+coli+endotoxin+or+Streptococcus+agalactiae+in+lactating+dairy+cows&rft.au=Lefcourt%2C+A+M%3BBitman%2C+J%3BWood%2C+D+L%3BStroud%2C+B%3BSchultze%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Lefcourt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=798&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Streptococcus agalactiae; endotoxins; body temperature; mammary gland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Network and subwatershed parameters extracted from digital elevation models: The Bills Creek experience AN - 16831384; 3565625 AB - An automated extraction of channel network and subwatershed characteristics from digital elevation models (DEM) is performed by model DEDNM. This model can process DEM data of limited vertical resolution representing low relief terrain. Such representations often include ill-defined drainage boundaries and indeterminate flow paths. The application watershed in an 84 km super(2) low relief watershed in southwestern Oklahoma. The standard for validation is the network and subwatershed parameters defined by the blue line method on USGS 7.5-minute topographic maps. Evaluation of the generated and validation networks by visual comparisons shows a high degree of correlation. Comparison of selected network parameters (channel length, slope, drainage density, etc.) and of drainage network composition (bifurcation, length, slope, and area ratios) shows that, on the average, the generated parameters are within 5 percent of those derived from the validation net work. The largest discrepancies were found for the channel slope values. The results of this application demonstrate that DEDNM effectively addresses network definition problems often encountered in low relief terrain and that it can generate accurate network and subwatershed parameters under those conditions. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Martz, L W AD - USDA, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 909 EP - 916 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - USA, Oklahoma, Bills Creek KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - model studies KW - topography KW - drainage patterns KW - watersheds KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Network+and+subwatershed+parameters+extracted+from+digital+elevation+models%3A+The+Bills+Creek+experience&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BMartz%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; topography; drainage patterns; watersheds; hydrology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and mutagenesis of a cytochrome P-450 locus from Bradyrhizobium japonicum that is expressed anaerobically and symbiotically AN - 16831371; 3551305 AB - Cytochromes P-450, which in many organisms participate in the metabolism of a variety of endobiotic and xenobiotic substances, are synthesized by symbiotic bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against two cytochromes P-450 (CYP112 and CYP114) purified from bacteroids. A lambda gt11 expression clone of B. japonicum USDA 110 DNA that reacted with the anti-CYP112 antibody was obtained and was used to screen a library of USDA 110 genomic DNA in pLAFR1 for a clone of the P-450 locus. Forced expression of subclones of the P-450 locus in Escherichia coli produced polypeptides that reacted with either the anti-CYP112 antibody or the anti-CYP114 antibody; no cross-reactivity was evident. A Western blot (immunoblot) analysis showed that neither protein was present in free-living aerobically grown B. japonicum cells, but that both proteins were present in cells grown anaerobically, as well as in bacteroids. A mutant strain disrupted in the CYP112 locus produced neither CYP112 nor CYP114, indicating that the mutation was polar for CYP114. The mutant produced effective nodules on soybeans, even though the bacteroids contained no detectable P-450. This suggests that the cytochromes P-450 which we examined are not involved in an essential symbiotic function. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 011, HH-19, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent. W., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4136 EP - 4142 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cytochrome P450 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning KW - genes KW - gene expression KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - xenobiotics KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+mutagenesis+of+a+cytochrome+P-450+locus+from+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+that+is+expressed+anaerobically+and+symbiotically&rft.au=Tully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning; genes; gene expression; xenobiotics; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catastrophic and background disturbance of tropical ecosystems at the Luquillo Experimental Forest AN - 16829818; 3565241 AB - The forests of the Luquillo Experimental Forest Long-Term Ecological Research site are subject to low-intensity, widespread disturbance that establishes levels of background mortality that contrast with periodic catastrophic mortality resulting from hurricanes and landslides. Although catastrophic mortality is more dramatic, background mortality is still more important in determining population turnover. However, catastrophic mortality may still be an important agent in determining ecosystem structure. Catastrophic disturbances affect forest function in many ways besides mortality, some of which are only apparent in the context of long-term studies. Since most ecosystems are subject to some form of catastrophic disturbance, general principles can be derived from comparative studies of disturbance in different systems. JF - Journal of biosciences AU - Lugo, A E AU - Waide, R B AD - Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-2500, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 475 EP - 481 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0250-5991, 0250-5991 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - natural disturbance KW - mortality KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biosciences&rft.atitle=Catastrophic+and+background+disturbance+of+tropical+ecosystems+at+the+Luquillo+Experimental+Forest&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BWaide%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biosciences&rft.issn=02505991&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; natural disturbance; mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spray droplet size for water and paraffinic oil applied at ultralow volume AN - 16824823; 3558441 AB - Spray droplet size of water and paraffinic oil was affected by air pressure, nozzle type, and liquid flow rate when applied with an ultralow volume (ULV), air-assist sprayer. Volume median diameters of water were generally larger than oil at constant air pressure and liquid flow rate. Droplet size decreased as air pressure increased, but increased as liquid flow rate increased. Volume median diameters of water droplets ranged from 41 to 838 mu m and from 16 to 457 mu m with oil when atomized at air pressures ranging from 14 to 84 kPa. Relative spans ranged from 1.2 to 18.0 and 2.0 to 7.2 for water and oil, respectively. JF - Weed Science AU - Hanks, JE AU - McWhorter, C G AD - Applic. Tech. Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 799 EP - 807 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - ultralow volume application KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water pollution control KW - technology KW - herbicides KW - fluid drops KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Spray+droplet+size+for+water+and+paraffinic+oil+applied+at+ultralow+volume&rft.au=Hanks%2C+JE%3BMcWhorter%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Hanks&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - technology; herbicides; water pollution control; fluid drops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium content of rat hair, nails, and other tissues as affected by concurrent exposure to toxic elements AN - 16824599; 3561360 AB - Here we report that the Se in hair and nails can also be influenced by the concurrent intake of certain toxic elements. Male weanling rats were fed diets containing 2.0 ppm Se as Na sub(2)SeO sub(4) for 4 weeks. Elements were added to the water of 5 groups of rats as follows: none, 10 ppm As as sodium arsenite, 10 ppm Hg as mercuric chloride, 10 ppm Tl as thallium acetate, and 10 ppm Cd as cadmium chloride. Control rats received diets containing 0.1 ppm Se as Na sub(2)SeO sub(4) and distilled water. Hair and nails Se levels were significantly decreased by administration of As, and As decreased red cell, plasma, and kidney Se contents as well. In contrast, Hg decreased hair and nail, but increased plasma, liver, muscle, bone, colon, and kidney Se contents. Tl decreased hair but increased liver and kidney Se content. Cd had no effect on hair or nail Se content but decreased red cell Se levels. JF - Nutrition Research AU - Salbe, AD AU - Morris, V C AU - Levander, O A AD - USDA/ARS Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., Vitam. and Miner. Nutr. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 31 EP - 36 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0271-5317, 0271-5317 KW - selenium KW - mercury KW - thallium KW - cadmium KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - content KW - tissues KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research&rft.atitle=Selenium+content+of+rat+hair%2C+nails%2C+and+other+tissues+as+affected+by+concurrent+exposure+to+toxic+elements&rft.au=Salbe%2C+AD%3BMorris%2C+V+C%3BLevander%2C+O+A&rft.aulast=Salbe&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+Research&rft.issn=02715317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - content; tissues ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infiltration as a tool for detecting soil changes due to cropping, tillage, and grazing livestock AN - 16822448; 3558335 AB - Soil physical and biological properties often change when different cropping, tillage, or management systems are imposed. Changes occasionally occur quickly, but usually become evident only after months or years. Infiltration rates are affected by several soil properties and may provide the most sensitive indication of changes in soil properties. To evaluate the use of infiltration measurements for detecting changes in soil properties, we conducted infiltration tests on a cropping systems experiment, a tillage experiment, and two beef cattle grazing experiments. In Pennsylvania, significant changes in infiltration rates did not occur until more than four years after converting from a conventional to a low-input cropping system. Infiltration rates were higher on 14th-year no-till plots compared with moldboard plow and chisel treatments in an Iowa tillage study. Earthworm populations and activity were highest in the no-till treatment. Infiltration rates correlated negatively with increased stocking rates in a long-term beef grazing study in Oklahoma. The number of earthworms did not correlate positively with infiltration in this study, suggesting a complex interaction. A short-term study of overwinter beef corn-stalk grazing in Iowa did not show consistent patterns in infiltration rate or other soil properties with different stocking rates. Infiltration appears to be a good indicator of soil structural changes associated with cropping, tillage, and management systems. JF - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AU - Radke, J K AU - Berry, E C AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 164 EP - 174 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0889-1893, 0889-1893 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA KW - soil properties KW - infiltration KW - agriculture KW - environmental effects KW - livestock KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16822448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Infiltration+as+a+tool+for+detecting+soil+changes+due+to+cropping%2C+tillage%2C+and+grazing+livestock&rft.au=Radke%2C+J+K%3BBerry%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Radke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.issn=08891893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; soil properties; agriculture; livestock; environmental effects; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of swine against foot-and-mouth disease with viral capsid proteins expressed in heterologous systems AN - 16822179; 3768461 AB - Three groups of swine were each inoculated with a different antigen preparation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid proteins and challenged by contact exposure to animals infected with FMDV. One group of four animals was inoculated with an extract from cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the FMDV P1-2A structural protein precursor gene and a portion of the P2 gene. Two out of four animals were protected from clinical disease, but not from virus replication. A second group of animals was inoculated with an extract from Escherichia coli that expressed FMDV proteins from a construct containing the P1-2A gene, a portion of the P2 gene and the 3C protease gene. Three out of four animals in this group did not develop clinical signs of FMD upon challenge and two of four were protected against virus replication. In contrast, inoculation of a third group of swine with an extract from E. coli expressing the same FMDV construct as present in the recombinant baculovirus failed to protect any of the four animals from generalized FMD. JF - Vaccine AU - Grubman, MJ AU - Lewis, SA AU - Morgan, DO AD - USDA/ARS/NAA, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 825 EP - 829 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - capsid protein KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - vaccines KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16822179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Protection+of+swine+against+foot-and-mouth+disease+with+viral+capsid+proteins+expressed+in+heterologous+systems&rft.au=Grubman%2C+MJ%3BLewis%2C+SA%3BMorgan%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Grubman&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - foot-and-mouth disease virus; capsid protein; vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revised surface-water supply index for western United States AN - 16821184; 3558609 AB - The surface-water-supply index (SWSI) was introduced in Colorado in the early 1980s as a better indicator of water availability in the western United States than is the Palmer drought index. Similar indexes have been subsequently developed in Oregon and Montana. These indexes have found great usefulness in drought monitoring and in triggering specific drought-related activities by state governments. Two conceptual weaknesses exist in the current SWSIs: (1) Subjective assignment of values to coefficients; and (2) obscured statistical properties of the index. Revisions to overcome these weaknesses include a specific definition of surface-water-supply, use of streamflow volume forecasts, and appropriate handling of data to achieve the desired statistical properties of the index. It is also suggested that indexes for individual hydrologic components be developed to provide supporting information to the SWSI. An example of the development of the revised SWSI is given for the Flathead River basin in Montana. JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Garen, D C AD - USDA, Soil Conserv. Serv., Water Supply Forecasting Staff, 511 NW Broadway, Room 248, Portland, OR 97209-3489, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 437 EP - 454 VL - 119 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9496, 0733-9496 KW - surface water supply index KW - USA, western KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water supply KW - available water KW - surface water KW - surface water availability KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Revised+surface-water+supply+index+for+western+United+States&rft.au=Garen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=07339496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - surface water; water supply; available water; surface water availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infiltration characteristics of residential lawns AN - 16820066; 3558402 AB - Sixty-minute, constant-intensity simulated rains were applied to seven infiltration treatments designed to evaluate the influence of stripping and compaction on home lawns. Three treatments simulated home lawn construction practices. The control treatment was undisturbed, the "stripped" treatment had the topsoil removed and replaced, and the "compacted" treatment had the topsoil removed, the exposed surface compacted and the topsoil replaced. All plots were rototilled and raked before sodding to establish the grass. In addition, stripped and compacted treatments were identified and tested on a 6- and a 12-year-old lawn. All treatments were replicated six times. The K and lambda = n psi + na parameters in the Green and Ampt infiltration model were fitted to the cumulative infiltration data for each replication of each of the seven treatments. The time, t sub(r), when runoff began was recorded for each replication. The treatments generally divided into three groups. The most rapid infiltration occurred on the newly constructed control and stripped treatments (K = 85 mm/h), though the shape of the infiltration response and the time to the start of runoff were quite different. The slowest infiltration occurred on the newly constructed and the 12-year-old compacted treatments (K = 33 mm/h). The reduction in infiltration into the compacted layer could still be seen 12 years after the compacted layer was developed even though there was a trend toward faster infiltration with age. An intermediate infiltration response occurred on both the 6-year-old stripped and compacted lawn and the stripped portion of the 12-year-old lawn (K = 54 mm/h). The reduced infiltration into the compacted layer in the 6-year-old lawn was attenuated by repeated aerations. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Partsch, C M AU - Jarrett, A R AU - Watschke, T L AD - USDA-SCS, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1695 EP - 1701 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - simulated rainfall KW - lawns KW - urban areas KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16820066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Infiltration+characteristics+of+residential+lawns&rft.au=Partsch%2C+C+M%3BJarrett%2C+A+R%3BWatschke%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Partsch&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; simulated rainfall; lawns; runoff; rainfall-runoff relationships; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facility for hydraulic tests of a frozen soil AN - 16819483; 3558404 AB - Predicting erosion from previously frozen and thawing soils has been a problem for decades. To study the effect of freezing and thawing on erodibility, a tilting flume with a radiative freezing apparatus was designed and constructed. The test bed of the flume was designed to allow a soil mass to be frozen and thawed from the surface under controlled soil moisture tension. Loose soil placed in the test bed was consolidated by cyclical increase and decrease of soil moisture tension. The freezing apparatus performed as calculated by the energy budget. Consolidation of loose soil by surface tension approximated field bulk density. After a series of tests, soil in the deeper portion of the test bed developed low hydraulic conductivity and slowed consolidation of the surface layer. Rill evolution within the flume was similar to that observed in the field. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Van Klaveren, RW AU - McCool, D K AD - West Natl. Tech. Cent., USDA-Soil Conserv. Serv., Portland, OR, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1721 EP - 1725 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil types KW - soil properties KW - erosion KW - soil strength KW - design criteria KW - permeability coefficient KW - freeze-thaw tests KW - engineering KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Facility+for+hydraulic+tests+of+a+frozen+soil&rft.au=Van+Klaveren%2C+RW%3BMcCool%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Van+Klaveren&rft.aufirst=RW&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; soil types; freeze-thaw tests; permeability coefficient; soil strength; engineering; design criteria; soil properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture and rainfall estimation over a semiarid environment with the ESTAR microwave radiometer AN - 16819194; 3558639 AB - The application of an airborne electronically steered thinned array L-band radiometer (ESTAR) for soil moisture mapping was investigated over the semiarid rangeland Walnut Gulch Watershed located in southeastern Arizona. During the experiment, antecedent rainfall and evaporation were very different and resulted in a wide range of soil moisture conditions. The high spatial variability of rainfall events within this region resulted in moisture conditions with distinct spatial patterns. Analysis showed a correlation between the decrease in brightness temperature after a rainfall and the amount of rain. The sensor's performance was verified using two approaches. First, the microwave data were used in conjunction with a microwave emission model to predict soil moisture. These predictions were compared to ground observations of soil moisture. A second verification was possible using an extensive data set collected the previous year at the same site with a conventional L-band push broom microwave radiometer (PBMR). Both tests showed that the ESTAR is capable of providing soil moisture with the same level of accuracy as existing systems. ESTAR instruments have the potential to satisfy application data requirements from spaceborne platforms. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Jackson, T J AU - Le Vine, DM AU - Griffis, A J AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Swift, C T AU - O'Neill, P E AD - USDA, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 836 EP - 841 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - ESTAR KW - USA, Arizona, Walnut Gulch Watershed KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - rainfall KW - mapping KW - microwaves KW - radiometry KW - remote sensing KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+and+rainfall+estimation+over+a+semiarid+environment+with+the+ESTAR+microwave+radiometer&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BLe+Vine%2C+DM%3BGriffis%2C+A+J%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BSwift%2C+C+T%3BO%27Neill%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01962892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; rainfall; radiometry; remote sensing; mapping; microwaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil organic matter, CEC, and moisture sensing with a portable NIR spectrophotometer AN - 16819043; 3558416 AB - Soil reflectance data were collected with a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer and were correlated with soil organic matter content in laboratory and field tests. Laboratory calibrations yielded an r super(2) of 0.89 and a standard error of prediction of 0.40% organic matter with 30 representative Illinois soils at 1.5 MPa and 0.033 MPa moisture tension levels. Limited in-furrow field operation produced much higher errors, due to the movement of soil past the sensor during data acquisition. Estimation of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil moisture content was also accomplished in the laboratory. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Sudduth, KA AU - Hummel, J W AD - Cropping Syst. and Water Qual. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Agric. Eng. Build., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1571 EP - 1582 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - spectrophotometry KW - soil types KW - soil properties KW - data acquisition KW - herbicides KW - organic matter KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Soil+organic+matter%2C+CEC%2C+and+moisture+sensing+with+a+portable+NIR+spectrophotometer&rft.au=Sudduth%2C+KA%3BHummel%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Sudduth&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic matter; soil water; spectrophotometry; soil types; herbicides; soil properties; data acquisition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field experiments on the influence of fertilizer for clarifying turbid ponds AN - 16817985; 3556780 AB - Seven whole-pond experiments were conducted to determine if turbid ponds could be clarified by algal-clay coflocculation. Experiments were designed to test results of a single dose of phosphorus and nitrogen for promoting algal growth as opposed to multiple doses added by other researchers over several months. Significant amounts of suspended sediments were removed from the water column during experiments, but causes for removal varied with experiment. Initial removal of suspended matter coincided with removal of phosphorus and nitrogen and/or removal of existing phytoplankton communities. While some experiments resulted in additional removal of suspended sediments over time, chlorophyll increases from fertilization were not predictable. In some experiments phytoplankton blooms occurred after sediment concentrations decreased in the water column. Some clay clarification resulted from immediate flocculation associated with fertilizer application. Further, diatoms and some green algae found in natural assemblages of plankton are not well suited to flocculate clay. JF - Environment and ecology. Kalyani AU - Cooper, C M AD - Natl. Sediment. Lab., ARS-USDA, Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 784 EP - 790 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0970-0420, 0970-0420 KW - clay KW - clays KW - habitat improvement KW - turbidity KW - water transparency KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - flocculation KW - fertilizers KW - water quality KW - phytoplankton KW - lakes KW - algae KW - water treatment KW - ponds KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08581:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+ecology.+Kalyani&rft.atitle=Field+experiments+on+the+influence+of+fertilizer+for+clarifying+turbid+ponds&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=784&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+and+ecology.+Kalyani&rft.issn=09700420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flocculation; clays; water quality; fertilizers; ponds; habitat improvement; phytoplankton; water treatment; lakes; water transparency; turbidity; algae; clay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dry deposition of nitrogen and sulfur to ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the San Bernardino National Forest in southern California AN - 16817664; 3559932 AB - Little is known about the concentrations, deposition rates, and effects of nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds in photochemical smog in the San Bernardino National Forest (SBNF) in southern California. Dry deposition of NO sub(3) and NH sub(4) super(+) to foliage of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) was correlated with historical average hourly O sub(3) concentrations at 10 sites across an O sub(3) gradient in the SBNF. Mean deposition fluxes of NO sub(3) super(-) to ponderosa and Jeffrey pine branches were 0.82 nmol/m super(2)/s at Camp Paivika (CP), a high-pollution site, and 0.19 nmol/m super(2)/s at Camp Osceola (CAO), a low- pollution site. Deposition fluxes of NH sub(4) super(+) were 0.32 nmol/m super(2)/s and CP and 0.17 nmol/m super(2)/s at CAO, while mean values for SO sub(4) super(2) super(-) were 0.03 at CP and 0.02 nmol/m super(2)/s at CPO. Deposition fluxes to paper and nylon filters were higher in most cases than fluxes to pine branches at the same site. The results of this study suggest that an atmospheric concentration and deposition gradient of N and S compounds occurs along with the west-east O sub(3) gradient in the SBNF. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Fenn, ME AU - Bytnerowica, A AD - Pacific Southwest For. and Range Exp. Stn., USDA-FS, Forest Fire Lab., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - dry deposition KW - nitrogen KW - sulfur KW - photochemicals KW - ozone KW - USA, California, San Bernardino Natl. Forest KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Pinus jeffreyi KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Dry+deposition+of+nitrogen+and+sulfur+to+ponderosa+and+Jeffrey+pine+in+the+San+Bernardino+National+Forest+in+southern+California&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BBytnerowica%2C+A&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Pinus jeffreyi; dry deposition; nitrogen; sulfur; photochemicals; ozone; forests; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cuticular and non-cuticular substrate influence on expression of cuticle-degrading enzymes from conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16816884; 3549628 AB - Larval cuticle from Trichoplusia ni, Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea, and Heliothis virescens and a cellulose substrate were used to quantify release of proteolytic, chitinolytic, and lipolytic enzymes by germinating conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi. There was no significant difference in conidial viability incubated with T. ni, H. zea or cellulose substrates. Conidial viability on H. virescens cuticle, however, was significantly lower (ca. 19-25%) than the other three substrates. The presence of cuticle substrates, especially cuticle of T. ni, stimulated germination. The nature of the substrate influenced both the time and quantity of the enzymes expressed. Specific proteases (aminopeptidase, chymoelastase, trypsin) generally were expressed earlier and/or in greater quantities on cuticular than on the cellulose substrate. Although both chitinolytic enzymes (endochitinase, N-acetylglucosaminidase) were detected on all three cuticular substrates, their activity was substantially lower than that of the proteolytic enzymes. Lipase activity was only minimally present. Early concurrent release of both proteases and chitinases suggested that both may be important in the penetration of the larval integument by germinating conidia of N. rileyi. Expression of proteases and chitinases, especially aminopeptidase and endochitinase was probably a specific response to cuticle, because little or no activity was expressed on the non-host, cellulose substrate. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 122 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cuticles KW - degradation KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - pathogens KW - enzymes KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Cuticular+and+non-cuticular+substrate+influence+on+expression+of+cuticle-degrading+enzymes+from+conidia+of+an+entomopathogenic+fungus%2C+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; cuticles; degradation; enzymes; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tropical deforestation and forest management under the system of concession logging: A decision-theoretic analysis AN - 16814078; 3555898 AB - Deforestation caused by concession logging is often the result of harvest decisions which focus on short-run profits rather than on long-run sustainable harvest yields. A sequential-decision model of this type of behavior is here developed which focuses on a logger's annual decisions of whether or not to remain in compliance with the terms of a concession contract. The contract stipulates harvesting procedures for a sustained forest yield, and noncompliance is taken to result in deforestation. An optimal decision policy for the concession logger is characterized in terms of optimal-stopping theory, and is employed to construct payoff incentives which encourage compliance. In particular, a forest management problem is formulated which focuses on the effectiveness of partial inspection policies in deterring noncompliant behavior. General necessary and sufficient conditions for the effectiveness of such policies are established, and are given a more operational form for the Markov case. A numerical example based on actual concession-contract data is also developed which suggests certain policy implications. JF - Journal of Regional Science AU - Walker, R AU - Smith, TE AD - Int. Inst. Trop. For., South. For. Exp. Stn., U.S.D.A. For. Serv., Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 387 EP - 419 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4146, 0022-4146 KW - economic impact KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forests KW - tropical environment KW - harvesting KW - forest practices KW - management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16814078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Regional+Science&rft.atitle=Tropical+deforestation+and+forest+management+under+the+system+of+concession+logging%3A+A+decision-theoretic+analysis&rft.au=Walker%2C+R%3BSmith%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Regional+Science&rft.issn=00224146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tropical environment; forests; harvesting; forest practices; management; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transpiration by an emergent macrophyte: Source of water and implications for nutrient supply AN - 16813622; 3556813 AB - The contribution of sediment interstitial water and the water column to the transpiration stream of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt was determined to estimate the significance of mass flow in supply of sediment interstitial water accounted for about 2% of the water transpired over a 37 day period. Because of the small volume of water that originated in the sediment we concluded that mass flow did not significantly enhance nutrient supply to the roots of M. aquaticum. Relative growth rate (RGR) of adventitious, water roots was greater than whole plant RGR, and RGR of sediment roots was not significantly different from zero, indicating a shift in the biomass allocation after emergence of the apical meristem into the air. Water use, measured by the transpiration coefficient, averaged 260 ml H sub(2)O/mg DW, which is similar to C-4 terrestrial plants. M. aquaticum has leaf characteristics commonly associated with xerophytic habitats. These characteristics may be necessary if a high transpiration rate and a mechanical requirement for high cell turgor pressure, required by a reliance upon hydrostatic pressure for support of the aerial stems, are mutually exclusive because of morphological constraints on hydraulic conductivity. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Sytsma, MD AU - Anderson, LWJ AD - Bot. Dep. USDA/ARS Aquat. Weed Res. Lab., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616-8537, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 97 EP - 108 VL - 271 IS - 2 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Myriophyllum aquaticum KW - interstitial water KW - macrophytes KW - nitrogen KW - nutrient sources KW - nutrients KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - phosphorus KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - transpiration KW - sediments KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16813622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Transpiration+by+an+emergent+macrophyte%3A+Source+of+water+and+implications+for+nutrient+supply&rft.au=Sytsma%2C+MD%3BAnderson%2C+LWJ&rft.aulast=Sytsma&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transpiration; sediments; aquatic plants; phosphorus; nutrients (mineral); nitrogen; nutrients; macrophytes; nutrient sources; interstitial water; Myriophyllum aquaticum; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids in spiroplasmas associated with plants, insects, and ticks AN - 16811467; 3763474 AB - Several spiroplasmas (helical, motile mollicutes) were previously shown to contain extrachromosomal DNA (E-DNA) elements in the form of viruses (double-stranded viruses or the replicative form of single-stranded viruses) or plasmids. These elements are now being investigated as potential vectors for use in spiroplasma transformation systems. Described herein is the first extensive survey of spiroplasma E-DNA in 23 spiroplasma groups (30 strains), a study facilitated by improvements in protocols for E-DNA extraction. E-DNA elements were found in spiroplasmas associated with leafhoppers/plants (spiroplasma subgroups I-1, I-3, and I-8), other insects (subgroups I-2, I-5, I-6, and I-7 and groups IV and XXII), and ticks (subgroup I-4 and groups V and VI). Elements, maintained by passage with their host spiroplasmas, were often lost after extended passage. Whether the current distribution of E-DNA elements is indicative of historical or proximate factors is not known. Many elements (about 75%) from group I spiroplasmas hybridized with Spiroplasma citri viruses SpV1 or SpV3. Of the elements associated with other spiroplasma groups, none hybridized with either virus. These include Spiroplasma apis strains B31 (18 kb) and L89 (18 and 20 kb), S. mirum strains SMCA (20 kb) and Anderson (16 and 20 kb), group VI strain Y32 (7, 9, 10, and 16 kb), and group XXII strain CT-1 (8 kb). Several of these elements will be characterized and examined for their suitability as spiroplasma cloning vectors. JF - Plasmid AU - Gasparich, GE AU - Hackett, K J AU - Clark, E A AU - Renaudin, J AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 EP - 93 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning vectors KW - Spiroplasma KW - DNA KW - J 02725:DNA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16811467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+extrachromosomal+deoxyribonucleic+acids+in+spiroplasmas+associated+with+plants%2C+insects%2C+and+ticks&rft.au=Gasparich%2C+GE%3BHackett%2C+K+J%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BRenaudin%2C+J%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gasparich&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; DNA; cloning vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on Escherichia coli serotype O157: H7 strains containing a 60-MDa plasmid and on 60-MDa plasmid-cured derivatives AN - 16809802; 3551502 AB - Seventeen strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 producing Shiga-like toxin were examined for the presence of plasmids and for the ability to adhere to HEp-2 and Intestine 407 cells. All of the strains possessed a common 60-MDa plasmid. To determine the role of the 60-MDa plasmid, plasmid-cured strains were compared with the parent strains for their ability to produce pili and to adhere to epithelial cells in culture. The total cell lysate protein and outer-membrane protein (OMP) profiles were also compared. Both the parent strains and their plasmid-cured derivatives produced pili. Immunofluorescence assay results indicated that the plasmid-cured and parent strains adhered equally well to HEp-2 and Intestine 407 cells; overall adherence was greater with intestinal cells than HEp-2 cells. SDS-PAGE of polypeptides synthesised in an E. coli system in vitro showed that plasmid DNA encodes c. 35 proteins. SDS-PAGE of OMP preparations demonstrated that the 60-MDa plasmid appears to be involved in the synthesis of a 33-kDa OMP. Two strains cured of the 60-MDa plasmid, one that possessed no plasmids and one that still contained a 2.2-MDa plasmid, produced exopolysaccharide (EPS) when cultured on solid medium at 25 degree C. Two other strains, which were cured of the 60-MDa plasmid but contained a 4.5-MDa plasmid, did not produce visible amounts of EPS. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the EPS consisted of fucose, glucose and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 2.0:0.9:1.1 and also had 7% of a uronic acid sugar as part of its structure. JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Buchanan, R L AD - Microb. Food Saf. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 371 EP - 381 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - HEp-2 cells KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - membrane proteins KW - characterization KW - Escherichia coli KW - plasmids KW - cell adhesion KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16809802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Studies+on+Escherichia+coli+serotype+O157%3A+H7+strains+containing+a+60-MDa+plasmid+and+on+60-MDa+plasmid-cured+derivatives&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BBhaduri%2C+S%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; cell adhesion; plasmids; membrane proteins; characterization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the cell wall of Butyrivibrio species AN - 16808690; 3551192 AB - Most Butyrivibrio strains have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and have been classified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. A few strains isolated from human feces are designated as Butyrivibrio crossatus, the other species in this genus. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains are anaerobic, curved rods that produce butyrate, but numerous studies have shown that these strains display considerable variations in phenotypic properties and heterogeneity in DNA relatedness. Although over 60 strains have been characterized in these respects, the cell wall structure of only a few strains has been studied. In this study, cell wall related properties of 12 strains representative of five DNA relatedness groups were examined. All strains were very sensitive to penicillin and other antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis. Although an occasional resistant strain was found, most strains were sensitive to a variety of protein synthesis antibiotics that included aminoglycosides and tetracycline. In contrast, all strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid. Peptidoglycans were isolated from seven B. fibrisolvens strains and Lachnospira multiparus. Compositional analyses indicated molar ratios of 0.7:2:2:1:0.8 for muramic acid, glucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid, respectively, in all peptidoglycans, which also showed a low degree of cross-linking. A trichloroacetic acid extractable galactosamine-containing polysaccharide copurified with the Butyrivibrio peptidoglycans. Electron microscopy of thin sections showed all strains to possess a Gram-positive type of cell wall that was atypically thin (12-18 nm). Most strains also displayed external (surface) polysaccharide layers. Cytoplasmic inclusions and granules were evident in many strains and were composed of polysaccharides, on the basis of cell composition analyses. The findings that Butyrivibrio strains have overall similarities in cell wall properties, but differences in DNA relatedness, suggest that these organisms should be classified as several more species in the same genus or family. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Hespell, R B AU - Kato, K AU - Costerton, J W AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 North University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 912 EP - 921 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Butyrivibrio KW - peptidoglycans KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - composition KW - characterization KW - cell walls KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16808690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+cell+wall+of+Butyrivibrio+species&rft.au=Hespell%2C+R+B%3BKato%2C+K%3BCosterton%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hespell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell walls; characterization; composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and properties of a xanthan depolymerase from a heat-stable salt-tolerant bacterial consortium AN - 16808545; 3553943 AB - A bacterial consortium (NRRL B-14401) resulting from soil enrichment growth on xanthan gum produces enzymes that can degrade xanthan gum in salt containing solutions at temperatures up to 65 degree C. One component that cleaves the backbone linkages of both xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose is called xanthan depolymerase. Two such depolymerase activities were isolated by high performance anion exchange chromatography, and their molecular weights determined by size exclusion chromatography to be 170 000 and 100 000 Da. The 170-kDa protein was purified and its properties studied. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride enhanced the hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose, but decreased the rate of degradation of xanthan gum. The purified enzyme, which was optimally active at pH 6, was less stable to extremes of temperature than crude mixtures of cell-free culture broth; stabilized by its substrate it was active for more than 6 h at 50 degree C. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Ahlgren, JA AD - Biopolymer Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res. Serv., USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 87 EP - 92 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - characteristics KW - salinity KW - xanthan depolymerase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - heat tolerance KW - bacteria KW - purification KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16808545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+properties+of+a+xanthan+depolymerase+from+a+heat-stable+salt-tolerant+bacterial+consortium&rft.au=Ahlgren%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Ahlgren&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - heat tolerance; bacteria; purification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of age, time of day, feeding history, and gamma irradiation on attraction of Mexican fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), to bacterial odor in laboratory experiments AN - 16807232; 3547068 AB - Factors affecting attraction of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), to the odor of a bacterium isolated from the fly, were evaluated in laboratory experiments. The odor was not attractive to newly emerged adults. For sugar-fed, yeast-hydrolysate-deprived flies, attraction to the bacterial odor began when flies were 1 d old, peaked when flies were 5-7 d old, then declined steadily as flies aged further. Generally, bacterial odor was attractive to sugar-fed flies and unattractive to sugar-deprived flies. The odor was most attractive to sugar-fed, yeast-hydrolysate-deprived flies but was also highly attractive to flies fed both sugar and yeast hydrolysate. Flies were attracted to bacterial odor during all times of the photophase although attraction we less very early and very late in the photophase than at other times. Flies irradiated with gamma rays were about 20% less responsive to the odor than unirradiated flies. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Garcia, JA AD - USDA-ARS-Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1367 EP - 1374 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - attraction KW - age KW - temporal variations KW - odor KW - Tephritidae KW - Diptera KW - feeding KW - gamma radiation KW - bacteria KW - traps KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16807232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+age%2C+time+of+day%2C+feeding+history%2C+and+gamma+irradiation+on+attraction+of+Mexican+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29%2C+to+bacterial+odor+in+laboratory+experiments&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BGarcia%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; age; temporal variations; feeding; gamma radiation; bacteria; odor; attraction; traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal attraction of certain large-bodied native bees to honey bee colonies AN - 16806816; 3550018 AB - Two species of large-bodied native bees (Bombus sonorus and Xylocopa californica) were found to be attracted to honey bee colonies placed in the native bees' local environment. The bumble bees and carpenter bees were attacked en masse by the honey bees and killed. A total of 147 worker bumble bees and 5 female carpenter bees were collected in dead bee traps attached to the front of the honey bee colonies. Thus the presence of honey bee colonies can negatively impact native bee populations by weakening colonies to a vulnerable point or by eliminating potential reproductives. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Thoenes, S C AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 210 EP - 213 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Bombus sonorus KW - Xylocopa californica KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - social behavior KW - aggressive behavior KW - colonies KW - attraction KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Fatal+attraction+of+certain+large-bodied+native+bees+to+honey+bee+colonies&rft.au=Thoenes%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Thoenes&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; attraction; aggressive behavior; colonies; social behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forced-air incubation of catfish eggs AN - 16798620; 3545029 AB - A low pressure, high volume, forced-air method of incubation was evaluated for eggs of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and channel catfish x blue catfish, I. furcatus, hybrids and was compared to the traditional paddle-type incubation method. No significant difference was observed in hatching percentage, survival, or weight of sac-fry and swim-up fry or in total weight after 21 days of feeding for 10 egg masses that were divided equally and incubated with paddles or forced air. The forced air method was inexpensive, safe, quiet, and as effective as paddle-type aeration. JF - Journal of Applied Aquaculture AU - Carmichael, G J AU - Bates, T D AU - Tiersch, T R AD - USDA-ARS, Catfish Genetics Res. Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 3 IS - 3-4 SN - 1045-4438, 1045-4438 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - hybrids KW - incubation KW - Ictalurus furcatus KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Freshwater KW - fish eggs KW - survival KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16798620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Forced-air+incubation+of+catfish+eggs&rft.au=Carmichael%2C+G+J%3BBates%2C+T+D%3BTiersch%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Carmichael&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.issn=10454438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hybrids; incubation; aquaculture techniques; survival; fish eggs; Ictalurus furcatus; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Receptor-mediated binding of Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin to canine osteosarcoma and monkey kidney (Vero) cells AN - 16798481; 3752785 AB - Binding and internalization of Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PMDT) by toxin-sensitive canine osteosarcoma and monkey kidney (Vero) cells was examined ultrastructurally. This is the first report describing binding and internalization of PMDT in host cells. Biochemical and ultrastructural results suggest that PMDT interacts with a ganglioside-type receptor on vero cells and is transported to the cytosol in endocytic vesicles which do not appear to fuse with lysosomes. JF - Laboratory Investigation AU - Pettit, R K AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Rimler, R B AD - Avian Dis. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 94 EP - 100 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0023-6837, 0023-6837 KW - dermonecrotic KW - dogs KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - toxins KW - characterization KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - osteoclasts KW - receptors KW - cell lines KW - osteosarcoma KW - bone resorption KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - T 20010:Bone growth and remodelling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16798481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratory+Investigation&rft.atitle=Receptor-mediated+binding+of+Pasteurella+multocida+dermonecrotic+toxin+to+canine+osteosarcoma+and+monkey+kidney+%28Vero%29+cells&rft.au=Pettit%2C+R+K%3BAckermann%2C+M+R%3BRimler%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Pettit&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Laboratory+Investigation&rft.issn=00236837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; toxins; receptors; osteosarcoma; cell lines; bone resorption; characterization; osteoclasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male-specific volatiles from Nearctic and Australasian true bugs (Heteroptera: Coreidae and Alydidae) AN - 16796957; 3545951 AB - Aeration and exocrine gland extracts were analyzed for three Coreidae and two Alydidae. Males of all the species studied emit volatile blends that are probably pheromones, but sexual communication in these insects evolved differently. In the alydids, Riptortus serripes and Mirperus scutellaris, the metathoracic scent glands are sexually dimorphic, and the dimorphisms are expressed chemically. Secretions from the male alydids contain high concentrations of esters of alcohols [e.g., (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, and (E)-2-octenol], while females produce mainly acids and aldehydes [e.g., butyric and hexanoic acids, and (E)-2-hexenal]. In the coreids, Amblypelta lutescens lutescens, Amblypelta nitida, and Leptoglossus phyllopus, the metathoracic scent glands are not sexually dimorphic, but male- and species-specific volatiles are released, apparently from cells in the cuticular epidermis. The coreid male-specific volatiles are primarily monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including (-)-(3R)-(E)-nerolidol as the major component from A. lutescens lutescens (an Australasian species) and L. phyllopus (a Nearctic species). Only (+)-(3S)-(E)-nerolidol is commonly found in plants so (E)-nerolidol from these coreids is environmentally unique because of its chirality. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Waite, G K AU - Moore, C AU - Payne, JA AU - Lusby, W R AU - Kochansky, J P AD - Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 007, Agric. Res. Cent.-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2767 EP - 2781 VL - 19 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical communication KW - Alydidae KW - Coreidae KW - exocrine glands KW - males KW - evolution KW - Hemiptera KW - pheromones KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25523:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Male-specific+volatiles+from+Nearctic+and+Australasian+true+bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Coreidae+and+Alydidae%29&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BWaite%2C+G+K%3BMoore%2C+C%3BPayne%2C+JA%3BLusby%2C+W+R%3BKochansky%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coreidae; Alydidae; Hemiptera; evolution; chemical communication; males; pheromones; exocrine glands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Black-tailed jackrabbit preferences for eight forages used for reclamation of Great Basin rangelands AN - 16796486; 3542454 AB - During peak periods of their population cycles black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) may compete with other herbivores for forage and negatively impact the health and production of the forage resource. This study was conducted on the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range near Burns, Oregon. Our objective was to establish the growing season relative preferences of jackrabbits for eight selections of grasses available for reclamation of Great Basin rangelands. Response variables included percent of plants defoliated and degree of utilization from plots supporting equal numbers of all selections. The percent of plants grazed and utilization levels of two crested wheatgrass cultivars were nearly twice those of the other grasses. Two cultivars of basin wildrye and one selection of Russian wildrye were avoided by jackrabbits, while one cultivar of bluebunch wheatgrass and two selections of thick-spiked wheatgrass were passively foraged upon. Seedings of unpalatable cultivars are suggested to: (1) discourage jackrabbit presence in right-of-ways where they pose a danger, (2) to reduce competition between jackrabbits and livestock for forage, or (3) reduce potential damage to ground cover or forage resources in critical areas during jackrabbit population peaks. Conversely, seedings of palatable cultivars might be used to lure jackrabbits away from less palatable, but more valuable crops or forages. JF - Northwest Science AU - Ganskopp, D AU - Myers, B AU - Lambert, S AD - USDA-ARS N. Great Basin Exp., Range, HC 71 4.51 Hwy. 205, Burns, OR 97720, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 246 EP - 250 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Great Basin KW - food preferences KW - Lepus californicus KW - land reclamation KW - management KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Black-tailed+jackrabbit+preferences+for+eight+forages+used+for+reclamation+of+Great+Basin+rangelands&rft.au=Ganskopp%2C+D%3BMyers%2C+B%3BLambert%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ganskopp&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepus californicus; USA, Great Basin; food preferences; management; land reclamation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macrohabitat associations of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, South Dakota AN - 16796228; 3542453 AB - Merriam's turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) were introduced into South Dakota in the late 1940's and have since expanded to occupy the entire Black Hills. Because little is known of their habitat requirements and the effects of forest management practices on this important game species, macrohabitat selections patterns of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, SD were studied. Habitat units of 3-32 ha were delineated and described with methods used by the Forest Service for assessing impacts of management activities on wildlife. Winter habitats of turkeys were ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) with greater than 70% overstory canopy cover. Summer habitats of turkeys were open ponderosa pine. Meadows were selected less than expected during all seasons. Resolution of conflicts over management of national forests depend largely on understanding of effects of management activities on wildlife species. Managing ponderosa pine at 14 to 18 m super(2)/ha basal area in mature stands will reduce winter habitat for turkeys, but is consistent with summer habitat of adult turkeys without poults. JF - Northwest Science AU - Rumble, MA AU - Anderson, SH AD - USDA, For. Serv., Rocky Mt. For. and Range Exp. Stn., 501 East St. Joe, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 238 EP - 245 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - habitat utilization KW - Meleagris gallopavo merriami KW - USA, South Dakota, Black Hills KW - seasonal variations KW - introduced species KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Macrohabitat+associations+of+Merriam%27s+turkeys+in+the+Black+Hills%2C+South+Dakota&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA%3BAnderson%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo merriami; USA, South Dakota, Black Hills; introduced species; habitat utilization; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence and characterization of an insertion sequence, IS711, from Brucella ovis AN - 16791858; 3540876 AB - The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a previously discovered insertion in Brucella ovis was determined and found to have the hallmarks of an insertion sequence (IS). The element, designated IS711, of 842 bp, is similar in G + C content to that of the Brucella genome and is bounded by 20-bp imperfect inverted repeats (IR). The element appears to duplicate the nt TA of a consensus target site, YTAR (R, purines; Y, pyrimidines). When the complete nt sequence of four elements and 300 bp of the 3' ends of five other elements were compared to IS711 and to each other, minor nt sequence variations were found amongst most of them. Similar to several other transposable elements, IS711 has overlapping ORFs rather than one long ORF extending the length of the element. Even though only ten B. ovis IS711 elements were characterized, in three cases we found these elements flanked by either identical or similar nt sequences. This suggests that some target sites are hot spots for insertion and that some of the elements may be duplicated by mechanisms other than transposition. No DNA or protein database entries had an obvious resemblance to either IS711 or its deduced gene products. JF - Gene AU - Halling, S M AU - Tatum, F M AU - Bricker, B J AD - NADC/ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 123 EP - 127 VL - 133 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - insertion sequence IS711 KW - predictions KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - insertion sequences KW - amino acid sequence KW - Brucella ovis KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16791858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Sequence+and+characterization+of+an+insertion+sequence%2C+IS711%2C+from+Brucella+ovis&rft.au=Halling%2C+S+M%3BTatum%2C+F+M%3BBricker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Halling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella ovis; insertion sequences; nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of both sexes of Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, to a mixture of ammonia, methylamine, and putrescine AN - 16791410; 3545934 AB - Eight chemicals were evaluated in laboratory experiments as attractants for sugar-fed adult Mexican fruit flies. Ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, ethanolamine, pyrrolidine, putrescine, and monomethyl succinate were slightly attractive when tested singly. A mixture containing all eight chemicals was much more attractive than any of the individual chemicals. Through a series of experiments, a mixture of three of the chemicals was found that was at least as attractive as the original eight-component mixture. The final mixture consisted of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine in a 10:10:1 ratio. Ratios were less important than actual concentrations of individual components over the range of component concentrations tested. The three-component mixture was equally attractive to male and female flies over a at least a 1000-fold range of concentrations and was slightly more attractive than Torula yeast over the upper 10-fold range in competing McPhail traps in a greenhouse flight chamber. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Warfield, W C AD - Crop Qual. and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2999 EP - 3016 VL - 19 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - methylamine KW - putrescine KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - ammonia KW - Tephritidae KW - attractancy KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16791410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+both+sexes+of+Mexican+fruit+fly%2C+Anastrepha+ludens%2C+to+a+mixture+of+ammonia%2C+methylamine%2C+and+putrescine&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BWarfield%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonia; Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Levels of fumonisin B sub(1) in corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins AN - 16790892; 3542029 AB - Aflatoxins and fumonisin B sub(1) are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively. These fungi are common natural contaminants of corn, and both aflatoxins and fumonisin B sub(1) have been implicated as aetiological agents in animal and human diseases. To determine whether these mycotoxins co-exist on corn under natural conditions, 28 samples from the 1991 Georgia (USA) corn crop were assayed for (total) aflatoxin and fumonisin B sub(1). 27 samples were positive for aflatoxin, 24 samples were positive for fumonisin B sub(1), and 23 samples had detectable levels of both. In the positive samples, the mean aflatoxin concentration was 73 ppb (SD = 86), and the average fumonisin B sub(1) concentration was 0.87 ppm (SD = 0.65). A correlation between aflatoxin and fumonisin B sub(1) concentrations was not evident. None the less, these results demonstrate that exposure to both mycotoxins can occur simultaneously by consumption of co-contaminated corn. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AU - Voss, KA AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 995 EP - 998 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - concentration KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - correlation KW - aflatoxins KW - samples KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Zea mays KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16790892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Levels+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+corn+naturally+contaminated+with+aflatoxins&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BVoss%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Fusarium moniliforme; Zea mays; aflatoxins; concentration; correlation; samples ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Worker-bee crowding affects brood production, honey production, and longevity of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) AN - 16788836; 3542251 AB - This study measured the effects of hive volume on the productivity and growth of colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., in Baton Rouge, LA. In a winter experiment, populations of 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 bees were installed in hives to produce population densities of 150 or 550 bees per liter of hive volume (3 by 2 factorial, n = 60). More crowded bees consumed less honey (6.8 plus or minus 1.9 mg per bee/d [mean plus or minus SD] versus 12.2 plus or minus 2.6 mg per bee/d) but produced less brood (0.34 plus or minus 0.20 versus 0.72 plus or minus 0.31 cells per bee) and had a shorter life span than less crowded colonies. In spring, summer, and autumn, experiments were conducted with initial populations of 9,600 bees per colony. At 100, 200, 300, and 500 bees per liter (n = 32), more crowded bees produced more honey. Average honey production was -70, -17, +28, and +67 g/d for the least to most crowded bees, respectively. More crowded bees produced less brood, but the difference was less marked than in winter. A final experiment measured the effects of adding hive space that did not contain comb (n = 27). Of three treatments, colonies with five combs in a 25-liter hive produced the most honey (105 g/d), and colonies with additional space and combs (10 combs in a 47-liter hive) produced the least (29 g/d). Colonies with combless space (five combs in a 47-liter hive) were intermediate (62 g/d). The treatment with combless space produced more brood than the more crowded treatment but less than the treatment with 10 combs. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Harbo, J R AD - Honey Bee Breed., Genet. and Physiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1157 Ben Hur Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1672 EP - 1678 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - brood rearing KW - honey KW - crowding KW - longevity KW - Hymenoptera KW - apiculture KW - Apidae KW - population density KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Worker-bee+crowding+affects+brood+production%2C+honey+production%2C+and+longevity+of+honey+bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29&rft.au=Harbo%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Harbo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1672&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; crowding; population density; brood rearing; honey; longevity; apiculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and chemical phenology of norditerpenoid alkaloids in the tall larkspurs (Delphinium species) AN - 16783573; 3541837 AB - Eleven norditerpenoid alkaloids found in three tall larkspur species (Delphinium barbeyi, Delphinium occidentale, Delphinium glaucescens) were evaluated as mammalian toxins in a mouse bioassay. Two methylsuccinimido anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL) norditerpenoid alkaloids (methyllycaconitine and 14-deacetylnudicauline) were determined to have equivalent high toxicity. A third MSAL norditerpenoid, barbinine, was 5 times less toxic. Other norditerpenoid alkaloids tested were found to be significantly less toxic than the MSAL alkaloids. The chemical phenology of the alkaloids in the three larkspurs and the effect of collection site on alkaloid occurrence in D. barbeyi were determined. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Manners, G D AU - Panter, KE AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Pfister, JA AU - Olsen, J D AU - James, L F AD - Western Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 96 EP - 100 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alkaloids KW - norditerpenoid alkaloids KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - Delphinium KW - phenology KW - livestock KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16783573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+chemical+phenology+of+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+in+the+tall+larkspurs+%28Delphinium+species%29&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D%3BPanter%2C+KE%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BPfister%2C+JA%3BOlsen%2C+J+D%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium; livestock; toxicity; phenology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invert emulsion droplet size and mycoherbicidal activity of Colletotrichum truncatum AN - 16782769; 3536584 AB - When formulated and sprayed in an invert emulsion (IE), conidia of the mycoherbicide, Colletotrichum truncatum, controlled hemp sesbania in the absence of dew. To optimize hemp sesbania control, formulation droplet size influence upon the pathogen's germination and pathogenicity was investigated. Conidia germination in manually produced IE droplets decreased from 46% to 5% as droplet diameter decreased from 2700 to 900 mu m. Droplet size did not affect appressoria formation. On a per conidium basis, 900- mu m droplets were more pathogenic to detached hemp sesbania leaves than were 2100- mu m droplets. An air-assist spray system produced droplet spectra with volume median diameters of 421 and 104 mu m, respectively. The spectrum of smaller droplets covered the target better than did that of larger droplets. When applied to whole hemp sesbania plants in greenhouse trials, conidia in the smaller and larger droplet spectra gave 90 and 94% control, respectively. Sufficient conidia germinated in IE droplets of a variety of sizes to control hemp sesbania excellently. JF - Weed Technology AU - Egley, G H AU - Hanks, JE AU - Boyette, C D AD - Plant Physiol., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Agric. Eng., Applic. Tech. Res. Unit. and Plant Pathol., ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 417 EP - 424 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - control KW - sprays KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - conidia KW - emulsions KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - germination KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16782769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Invert+emulsion+droplet+size+and+mycoherbicidal+activity+of+Colletotrichum+truncatum&rft.au=Egley%2C+G+H%3BHanks%2C+JE%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Egley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum truncatum; Sesbania exaltata; conidia; germination; emulsions; sprays; control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and characteristics of an intracellular alpha -glucosidase from a color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans AN - 16782083; 3536573 AB - Aureobasidium pullulans produced an intracellular alpha -glucosidase. The enzyme was purified 124-fold by solubilization with Triton X-100, Q-Sepharose treatment, hydroxylapatite, octyl-Sepharose column chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, and had a specific activity of 316.82 U/mg protein. The enzyme displayed an optimum pH for its action at 4.0 and was fully stable at pH 3.0-6.0 at 50 degree C. The alpha -glucosidase was completely stable up to 60 degree C and had an optimum activity at 60 degree C. The partially purified enzyme preparation hydrolyzed maltose, isomaltose, sucrose, and trehalose at relative rates of 100, 60, 47, and 50, respectively, and had little or no activity on polysaccharides. The K sub(m) value for maltose hydrolysis at pH 4.0 and 50 degree C was 1.85 mM. The enzyme was not adsorbed onto raw corn starch and showed little raw starch degradation. The alpha -glucosidase did not require any metal ion for activity. This represents the first characterization of intracellular alpha -glucosidase from A. pullulans. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 73 EP - 77 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - alpha -glucosidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aureobasidium pullulans KW - purification KW - kinetics KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16782083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+and+characteristics+of+an+intracellular+alpha+-glucosidase+from+a+color+variant+strain+of+Aureobasidium+pullulans&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aureobasidium pullulans; purification; kinetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of passaging a defective isolate of impatiens necrotic spot virus at different temperatures AN - 16781047; 3541510 AB - The effects of two temperatures on the cytopathology of a defective isolate of impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV-Igg) were compared with the effects on two normal isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV-NC4 and TSWV-D). INSV-Igg produced very few enveloped virions in plants grown at approximately 20 C. Instead, masses of nucleocapsid (N) protein appeared in characteristic chainlike formations. The N protein was serologically distinct from that of TSWV. In five experiments with eight to 10 mechanical transfers, each at elevated temperatures, one experiment in a greenhouse during summer and the other four in controlled environment chambers (27/24 C, light/dark), virions appeared in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with INSV-Igg between the first and fourth passages and thereafter, were consistently produced. In two out of four growth-chamber experiments, extracts from infected plants grown at 27/24 C (light/dark) did not react in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antisera to INSV N protein after the third passage. This serological change was correlated in one experiment with a change in the appearance of the N protein: Characteristic chains were no longer observed in infected cells, but large, amorphous, electron-dense masses appeared in which virions were visible. These masses failed to react with antisera to INSV N protein in immunogold-labeling experiments. In parallel serial passages at 21/18 C (light/dark), virions were not observed in infected plants. Cytopathology and serological reactivity of the N protein remained unaltered. Passaging at different temperatures did not alter the cytopathology of plants infected with TSWV-NC4 or TSWV-D. The high temperature triggered an increase in production of virions in the INSV-Igg culture and was sometimes accompanied by an antigenic change in the N protein. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lawson, R H AU - Dienelt, M M AU - Hsu, H T AD - USDA-ARS, Florist and Nursery Crops Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 662 EP - 670 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Nicotiana benthamiana KW - impatiens necrotic spot virus KW - cytopathology KW - temperature tolerance KW - defective mutant KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22184:Cytological studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+passaging+a+defective+isolate+of+impatiens+necrotic+spot+virus+at+different+temperatures&rft.au=Lawson%2C+R+H%3BDienelt%2C+M+M%3BHsu%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nicotiana benthamiana; impatiens necrotic spot virus; temperature tolerance; cytopathology; defective mutant ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of trypsin from an entomopathogen, Nomuraea rileyi NRRL 13755 AN - 16780597; 3536574 AB - Nomuraea rileyi isolate NRRL-13755 produced a large amount of trypsin enzyme when cultured on basal salt medium containing 1% (w/v) gelatin. The trypsin was purified nearly 60-fold, with a recovery of about 13% of the initial activity from the culture supernatant. This protease exhibited a remarkably high specific activity of nearly 370,000 IU/mg protein. The native molecular weight was estimated by gel permeation chromatography to be 30 kDa, and the subunit molecular weight was determined to be about 30 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The pH and temperature optima were determined to be 8.5 and 35 degree C, respectively. With a relative trypsin activity of 100%, this purified preparation showed about 10% chymoelastase and nearly 50% chymotrypsin activity. Metal-chelating agents such as EDTA and EGTA at 2 mM inhibited the enzyme activity by 40%, whereas N-carbobenzoxy-glycyl-L-phenylalaninamide (CBZ-gly-phe-NH sub(2)) (2 mM) and DTT (2 mM) had no effect on activity. Trypsin inhibitor from turkey egg-white at 100 mu g/ml strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Gupta, S C AU - Leathers, T D AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AD - Biopolymer Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA, ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 103 EP - 107 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - trypsin KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - characterization KW - purification KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+trypsin+from+an+entomopathogen%2C+Nomuraea+rileyi+NRRL+13755&rft.au=Gupta%2C+S+C%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BEl-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomuraea rileyi; purification; characterization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid screening of lactic acid bacteria for restriction endonuclease activity AN - 16780392; 3536512 AB - A rapid microscale heparin Sepharose CL-6B affinity gel procedure was developed for detecting restriction endonuclease (RE-Nase) activity in a variety of lactic acid bacteria. RE-Nase-containing extracts free of DNA, RNA and nonspecific nuclease activity can be produced for forty or more strains daily and only 10-12 ml of each log phase culture was required for screening. RE-Nase activity was detected in several streptococci and lactobacilli. With appropriate modifications, this procedure should allow rapid detection of RE-Nase activity in other bacterial species. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Poch, M T AU - Somkuti, G A AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 7 IS - 11 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - deoxyribonuclease KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lactic acid bacteria KW - screening KW - activity KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - N 14712:DNases KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Rapid+screening+of+lactic+acid+bacteria+for+restriction+endonuclease+activity&rft.au=Poch%2C+M+T%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Poch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - screening; lactic acid bacteria; activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nested and multiplex polymerase chain reactions for the identification of bluetongue virus infection in the biting midge, Culicoides variipennis AN - 16780114; 3540645 AB - Two polymerase chain reaction tests for the detection of bluetongue viral (BLU) RNA in the principal North American insect vector, Culicoides variipennis, were developed. The BLU serogroup specific test used the highly expressed non-structural protein 1 gene as the target gene and two amplification steps. First a 1228 base pair product was amplified using an outer primer pair, then a second amplification using a nested or internal primer pair produced a 930 base pair product. This nested PCR test was found to be very sensitive detecting an equivalent to 1 plaque-forming unit of BLU viral RNA extracted from infected biting midges. The serotype specific test used a multiplex PCR approach in which five different primer pairs were used simultaneously. Each pair was based on the variable outer capsid protein VP2 gene of the five US serotypes generating specific product which were easily identified by size difference. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was less sensitive than the nested-PCR but sufficient for use with field collected samples. These tests provide valuable tools for epidemiologic studies of BLU disease. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Wilson, W C AU - Chase, CCL AD - USDA-ARS, Arthropod-borne Anim. Dis. Res. Lab. P.O. Box 3965, University Stn., Laramie, WY 82071-3965, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 39 EP - 47 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - bluetongue virus KW - infection KW - Culicoides variipennis KW - Ceratopogonidae KW - detection KW - identification KW - Diptera KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Nested+and+multiplex+polymerase+chain+reactions+for+the+identification+of+bluetongue+virus+infection+in+the+biting+midge%2C+Culicoides+variipennis&rft.au=Wilson%2C+W+C%3BChase%2C+CCL&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bluetongue virus; Culicoides variipennis; Diptera; Ceratopogonidae; infection; identification; polymerase chain reaction; detection ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vegetation redistribution: A possible biosphere source of CO sub(2) during climatic change AN - 16779159; 3540733 AB - A new biogeographic model, MAPSS, predicts changes in vegetation leaf area index (LAI), site water balance and runoff, as well as changes in Biome boundaries. Potential scenarios of equilibrium vegetation redistribution under 2 x CO sub(2) climate from five different General Circulation Models (GCMs) are presented. In general, large spatial shifts in temperate and boreal vegetation are predicted under the different scenarios; while, tropical vegetation boundaries are predicted (with one exception) to experience minor distribution contractions. Maps of predicted changes in forest LAI imply drought-induced losses of biomass over most forested regions, even in the tropics. Regional patterns of forest decline and dieback are surprisingly consistent among the five GCM scenarios, given the general lack of consistency in predicted changes in regional precipitation patterns. Two factors contribute to the consistency among the GCMs of the regional ecological impacts of climatic change: 1) regional, temperature-induced increases in potential evapotranspiration (PET) tend to more than offset regional increases in precipitation; and, 2) the unchanging background interplay between the general circulation and the continental margins and mountain ranges produces a fairly stable pattern of regionally specific sensitivity to climatic change. Two areas exhibiting among the greatest sensitivity to drought-induced forest decline are eastern North America and eastern Europe to western Russia. Drought-induced vegetation decline (losses of LAI), predicted under all GCM scenarios, will release CO sub(2) to the atmosphere; while, expansion of forests at high latitudes will sequester CO sub(2). The imbalance in these two rate processes could produce a large, transient pulse of CO sub(2) to the atmosphere. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Neilson, R P Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 659 EP - 673 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - vegetation changes KW - biogeography KW - models KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - greenhouse effect KW - climatic changes KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Vegetation+redistribution%3A+A+possible+biosphere+source+of+CO+sub%282%29+during+climatic+change&rft.au=Neilson%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Neilson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Managing crop residues for the retention of carbon AN - 16778502; 3540706 AB - Soil organic matter, a major sink for carbon, is controlled by many factors that have complex interactions. The management of crop residues is of primary importance. Reduced tillage and no-tillage practices result in a significant build-up of soil organic matter because they greatly reduce the rates of decomposition of both the native soil organic matter and of the crop residues. The crop residues decompose slower because most remain on the soil surface where there is less biological activity, and the native soil organic matter decomposes slower because there is less tillage for aerating the soil and for breaking the aggregates that expose organic compounds to the soil microorganisms. Crop residues, however, are highly variable. Although most crop residues contain about 40 percent carbon, the nitrogen contents range from very low to more than 3.5 percent. For carbon to be stabilized in the soil as organic matter, there must be adequate nitrogen available in the system and this factor is frequently overlooked. Climate is often the most critical factor determining the sustainability and enhancement of soil organic matter. As temperatures increase, organic matter decomposition, particularly in frequently tilled soils, is greatly accelerated. As precipitation decreases, there is less biomass produced for replenishing decomposed carbon. Consequently, soil organic matter maintenance becomes increasingly difficult in either hot or arid regions, and particularly difficult in areas that are both hot and arid. Semiarid regions comprise almost 40% of the world's land area so management of crop residues in these fragile areas is important in relation to the global C picture. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Stewart, BA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 373 EP - 380 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - crop residues KW - semiarid environments KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Managing+crop+residues+for+the+retention+of+carbon&rft.au=Stewart%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity of AAL-toxin and other compounds produced by Alternaria alternata to jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) AN - 16777393; 3536651 AB - Nine isolates of Alternaria alternata were obtained from infected tomato (cv. Beefsteak) plants. Each isolate was grown on autoclaved rice medium and corn meal agar medium and evaluated for pathogenesis and phytotoxicity to jimsonweed plants. Only A. alternata SWSL 1 (NRRL 18822) caused lodging on 1-week-old jimsonweed plants when sprayed at a rate of 20 g of fungus-infested rice per 100 mL distilled water. The symptoms began within 24 to 48 h following inoculation, and all plants were dead after 96 h. Treatment of 2-week-old jimsonweed plants in the same manner affected growth only. No symptoms occurred when SWSL 1 spores from corn meal agar were applied to jimsonweed at a rate of 2 x 10 super(7) spores/mL, with or without dew. The filtrates of fungus-infested rice of the SWSL 1 isolate were found to contain the following phytotoxins: AAL-toxin (100 mu g/g), tenuazonic acid (10 mu g/g), and alternariol monomethyl ether (580 mu g/g). JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Abbas, H K AU - Vesonder, R F AU - Boyette, C D AU - Peterson, S W AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 155 EP - 160 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - toxicity KW - Datura stramonium KW - phytotoxins KW - Alternaria alternata KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16777393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+of+AAL-toxin+and+other+compounds+produced+by+Alternaria+alternata+to+jimsonweed+%28Datura+stramonium%29&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BVesonder%2C+R+F%3BBoyette%2C+C+D%3BPeterson%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria alternata; Datura stramonium; phytotoxins; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of feral Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations following the infusion of inherited sterility from released substerile males AN - 16776863; 3536133 AB - A pilot test was conducted in small mountain valleys from 1986 through 1990 in western North Carolina to assess the influence of released, substerilized males on wild populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and to measure the level of inherited sterility in wild populations. The number of wild males captured per ha was positively correlated with the distance from the release site of irradiated males. Analyses of seasonal population curves of wild H. zea males calculated from mark-recapture data suggest that seasonal increases of wild H. zea males were significantly delayed or reduced (or both) in mountain valleys where irradiated males were released. The incidence of larvae with chromosomal aberrations (progeny of irradiated, released males) collected from the test sites during the growing seasons indicated that irradiated males were competitive with wild males in mating with wild females, and were successful in producing F sub(1) progeny which further reduced the wild population. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Carpenter, JE AU - Gross, H R AD - Insect Biol. & Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1084 EP - 1091 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - biological control KW - population decline KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - sterile-release KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16776863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+feral+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+populations+following+the+infusion+of+inherited+sterility+from+released+substerile+males&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+JE%3BGross%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; USA, North Carolina; sterile-release; population decline; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of atmospheric exposure on chlorophyll a, biomass and productivity of the epilithon of a tailwater river AN - 16775844; 3531083 AB - Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of atmospheric exposure on the chlorophyll a content, biomass and gross primary productivity (GPP) of littoral epilithon in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. The chlorophyll a content of the epilithon was much more sensitive to exposure than the biomass. The epilithon was rapidly bleached during summer daytime exposures, but algal filaments remained attached for several weeks after reinundation. The percentage of initial chlorophyll a remaining after one day of exposure was not different from the percentage remaining after two days of exposure. However, significant reductions in chlorophyll a content were detected for daytime exposures as short as six hours. Overall, there were close inverse relationships (r super(2) greater than or equal to 0.73) between the time exposed or cumulative solar radiation (400-700 nm) and the percentage of initial chlorophyll a remaining after reinundation. The GPP of Cladophora glomerata-dominated epilithon from the permanently inundated channel was 10 times higher than the GPP of epilithon from the zone of daily water level fluctuation. Experimental atmospheric exposure of the epilithon from each zone reduced the GPP, but not the assimilation ratio (GPP per unit of chlorophyll a) of the epilithon. The Glen Canyon epilithon has low resistance to exposure disturbances, and recolonization is slow under hydropower peaking flow regimes. Cladophora glomerata has an important structural role in Glen Canyon, the disruption of which is likely to precipitate effects at higher trophic levels. JF - Regulated Rivers: Research & Management AU - Angradi, T R AU - Kubly, D M AD - USDA For. Serv., Northeastern For. Exp. Stn., Timber and Watershed Lab., Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 345 EP - 358 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0886-9375, 0886-9375 KW - air exposure KW - chlorophyll KW - chlorophylls KW - environmental effects KW - epilithon KW - exposure tolerance KW - hydroelectric power KW - phytobenthos KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - biomass KW - Freshwater KW - dams KW - USA, Arizona, Colorado R., Glen Canyon Dam KW - Cladophora glomerata KW - primary production KW - periphyton KW - solar radiation KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16775844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atmospheric+exposure+on+chlorophyll+a%2C+biomass+and+productivity+of+the+epilithon+of+a+tailwater+river&rft.au=Angradi%2C+T+R%3BKubly%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Angradi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.issn=08869375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air exposure; phytobenthos; exposure tolerance; biomass; periphyton; dams; solar radiation; primary production; hydroelectric power; environmental effects; chlorophylls; chlorophyll; Cladophora glomerata; USA, Arizona, Colorado R., Glen Canyon Dam; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of the bird repellent, methyl anthranilate, to fry of Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Ictalurus punctatus and Lepomis macrochirus AN - 16774121; 3533375 AB - Several laboratory and field studies have shown methyl anthranilate to be an effective, non-toxic and non-lethal bird repellent, with application potential for protecting crops, seeds, turf and fish stocks from bird damage. Furthermore, methyl anthranilate can be added to liquids for the purposes of protecting migratory birds. Despite the favorable outlook for methyl anthranilate's use as a safe repellent, no data exist on its environmental fate and effects. We have tested the acute toxicity of methyl anthranilate in a static system against the fry of four species of fish. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was 32.3 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 6 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson) was 23.5 mg/liter with the no observable effect limit at 5 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.) was estimated to be 20.1 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 7 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Raf.) was estimated to be 19.8 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 7 mg/liter. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Clark, L AU - Cummings, J AU - Bird, S AU - Aronov, E AD - USDA Anim. Plant Health Insp. Serv., Anim. Damage Control, Denver Wild. Res. Cent., Denver Fed. Cent., Build. 16, Denver, CO 80225, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - acute toxicity KW - aquatic birds KW - freshwater fish KW - lethal effects KW - methyl anthranilate KW - repellents KW - toxicity testing KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Salmo salar KW - Lepomis macrochirus KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16774121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+the+bird+repellent%2C+methyl+anthranilate%2C+to+fry+of+Salmo+salar%2C+Oncorhynchus+mykiss%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+and+Lepomis+macrochirus&rft.au=Clark%2C+L%3BCummings%2C+J%3BBird%2C+S%3BAronov%2C+E&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; freshwater fish; toxicity tests; lethal effects; repellents; toxicity testing; acute toxicity; Lepomis macrochirus; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmo salar; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial pattern analysis for underground propagules of Potamogeton gramineus L. in two northern California irrigation canals AN - 16771686; 3530605 AB - We sampled areas of two canals (Solano Irrigation District, California) that were dominated by Potamogeton gramineus L. The ratios of variance to mean for winter bud abundance in the Byrnes Canal indicated that winter buds were not randomly distributed. Clumping was detected at a patch size of 7.2 cm diameter in both 1985 and 1989. Applying two quadrat variance methods to data from the Weyend Canal also indicated that winter buds were clumped. The radius of the patch size was 1.65 m. Patch edges were not sharply defined, and the spaces between patches were not empty. Geostatistical analysis yielded an experimental semivariogram for winter bud abundance, using the spherical equation, with a sill of 49776, a nugget of 32378, and a range of influence of 57 m. JF - Journal of freshwater ecology. La Crosse, WI AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 297 EP - 303 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - freshwater ecology KW - patches KW - plant organs KW - propagules KW - spatial distribution KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - canals KW - Potamogeton gramineus KW - statistical analysis KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - buds KW - USA, California KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.atitle=Spatial+pattern+analysis+for+underground+propagules+of+Potamogeton+gramineus+L.+in+two+northern+California+irrigation+canals&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - canals; freshwater ecology; aquatic plants; statistical analysis; plant organs; buds; spatial distribution; patches; propagules; Potamogeton gramineus; USA, California; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of cotton phytoalexins to zoopathogenic fungi AN - 16771541; 3533667 AB - The sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins desoxyhemigossypol, desoxymethoxyhemigossypol, and hemigossypolone formed in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) stem xylem infected with Verticillium dahliae were shown to be highly toxic to zoopathogenic fungi. This appears to be the first study of the toxicity of terpenoid phytoalexins to zoopathogenic fungi. The toxicities of the phytoalexins expressed as MIC ( mu g/ml) values were 8 to 128 against four isolates of Candida albicans and one isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans. These highly toxic compounds or their derivatives may prove useful for the treatment of animal mycoses. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Mace, ME AU - Stipanovic, R D AU - Bell, A A AD - Cotton Pathol. Res. Unit, Southern Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, College Stn., TX, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 294 EP - 295 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - antifungal agents KW - phytoalexins KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Candida albicans KW - Gossypium KW - Cryptococcus neoformans KW - infection KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+cotton+phytoalexins+to+zoopathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Mace%2C+ME%3BStipanovic%2C+R+D%3BBell%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Mace&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Verticillium dahliae; Candida albicans; Cryptococcus neoformans; phytoalexins; antifungal agents; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggregation pheromone of Carpophilus antiquus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and kairomonal use of C. lugubris pheromone by C. antiquus AN - 16771299; 3533778 AB - Males of Carpophilus antiquus Melsheimer (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) emit an aggregation pheromone that was found to be a novel hydrocarbon, (3E,5E,7E,9E)-6,8-diethyl -4-methyl-3,5,7,9-dodecatetraene. A synthetic scheme and spectra (mass and proton NMR) are given for the compound. Beetles produced the pheromone when feeding on a variety of media, including the brewer's yeast-based artificial diet, fermenting whole-wheat bread dough, corn, and prunes; live baker's yeast was generally added to the food media. Males held individually produced, on average, 25 x more pheromone per beetle than males held in groups of 10 or more. Pheromone was not produced until males were at least 5 days old but was still detected from the oldest beetles tested (47 days). In field tests, the pheromone was attractive to both sexes of C. antiquus, and it was synergized by food volatiles: A combination of pheromone and fermenting whole wheat dough attracted 2.5 x more beetles than pheromone alone, but dough by itself was not significantly more attractive than the control. Semiochemical interactions were studied among C. antiquus and two other sympatric species for which pheromones are known, C. lugubris Murray and C. freemani Dobson. C. antiquus responded readily to the pheromone of C. lugubris, but all other interspecific responses to the pheromones were weak. In a sample of naturally infested corn ears, the presence of C. antiquus was strongly associated with the presence of C. lugubris, as would be expected if the pheromone of C. lugubris serves as a kairomone for C. antiquus. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Seaton, K L AU - Dowd, P F AD - Bioactive Const., USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2203 EP - 2216 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Carpophilus KW - attractancy KW - interspecific relationships KW - kairomones KW - aggregation pheromone KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Aggregation+pheromone+of+Carpophilus+antiquus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Nitidulidae%29+and+kairomonal+use+of+C.+lugubris+pheromone+by+C.+antiquus&rft.au=Bartelt%2C+R+J%3BSeaton%2C+K+L%3BDowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Bartelt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carpophilus; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; aggregation pheromone; attractancy; kairomones; interspecific relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues in three Minnesota soils AN - 16770717; 3533451 AB - The persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues were determined in the top 45 cm of an Estherville sandy loam (sl), Port Byron silt loam (sil), and Webster clay loam (cl) in the field. Analysis of sethoxydim residues simultaneously quantified parent and eight metabolites by conversion to a common volatile end product, 3-[2(ethylsulfonyl)propyl]-pentanedioic acid dimethyl ester, followed by analysis using gas chromatography (GC) and a flame photometric detector. Recovery of residues from soil spiked with 100 mu g/kg was 86 plus or minus 21%. Residues remaining in soil 21 days after treatment (DAT) in 1989 were 37, 51, and 29% of the applied sethoxydim in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, 86, 52, and 24% remained in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Alachlor remaining 21 DAT in 1989 was 66, 52, and 65% of that applied in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, it was 16, 13, and 100% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Atrazine had the greatest % of applied chemical remaining 21 DAT in 1989: 100, 71, and 73% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Of the atrazine applied in 1990, atrazine remaining 21 DAT was 87% in the sl, 42% in the sil, and 100% in the cl. Over all soils and years, the amount of total sethoxydim residues remaining 137 DAT was the least of the three herbicides. In terms of leaching, sethoxydim residues showed least movement, with minimal detections below 0 to 15 cm. Although sethoxydim appears to be advantageous over alachlor and atrazine in terms of potential impact on ground water quality, additional information regarding composition of the detected residues is needed to better assess its environmental impact. JF - Weed Science AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Reynolds, K M AU - Buhler, D D AU - Wyse, D L AU - Barber, B L AU - Jarvis, L J AD - Soil and Water Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 634 EP - 640 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - atrazine KW - alachlor KW - soil types KW - comparison studies KW - groundwater contamination KW - sethoxydim KW - residues KW - pollutant persistence KW - pollution dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - leachates KW - herbicides KW - USA, Minnesota KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16770717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+movement+of+sethoxydim+residues+in+three+Minnesota+soils&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BReynolds%2C+K+M%3BBuhler%2C+D+D%3BWyse%2C+D+L%3BBarber%2C+B+L%3BJarvis%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=634&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; groundwater pollution; leachates; soil types; comparison studies; USA, Minnesota; residues; pollutant persistence; pollution dispersion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incipient motion of sand-gravel sediment mixtures AN - 16768332; 3532037 AB - Experiments on the incipient motion of gravel and sand mixtures of 0:100, 10:90, 25:75, 45; 55, and 100:0 percent ratios of gravel and sand, respectively, were made in a laboratory flume. A series of transport experiments was made for each of the five sediment beds and the critical shear for motion was calculated for 12 size ranges by interpolating or extrapolating the bed shear stress for a very small transport rate. The sand in each of the five bed mixtures began to move at nearly the same bed shear stress. All gravel sizes began to move at nearly the same bed shear stress in the 100% gravel experiments, but in the sand-gravel experiments the gravel showed an increase in critical shear stress with increasing size. Reasons for this change in the initiation of motion of the gravel from the 100% gravel to the sand-gravel mixtures may result from the abundant sand-sized sediment inhibiting the formation of a coarse bed surface layer in the sand-gravel experiments. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Kuhnle, R A AD - Nat. Sedimentation Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1400 EP - 1417 VL - 119 IS - 12 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - model studies KW - modelling KW - sediment texture KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - sand KW - flumes KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - shear stress KW - sedimentation KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - gravel KW - experimental data KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - O 3050:Sediment Dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Incipient+motion+of+sand-gravel+sediment+mixtures&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sediment texture; sand; flumes; erosion; sediment transport; shear stress; sedimentation; modelling; experimental data; gravel; model studies; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of rice milling byproducts (hulls and bran) to remove metal ions from aqueous solution AN - 16768213; 3535611 JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering & Toxic and Hazardous Substance Control AU - Marshall, W E AU - Champagne, E T AU - Evans, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Reg. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1977 EP - 1992 VL - A28 IS - 9 SN - 0360-1226, 0360-1226 KW - rice milling KW - by products KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - adsorption KW - ions KW - metals KW - water treatment KW - ion exchange KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+%26+Toxic+and+Hazardous+Substance+Control&rft.atitle=Use+of+rice+milling+byproducts+%28hulls+and+bran%29+to+remove+metal+ions+from+aqueous+solution&rft.au=Marshall%2C+W+E%3BChampagne%2C+E+T%3BEvans%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=A28&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+%26+Toxic+and+Hazardous+Substance+Control&rft.issn=03601226&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metals; adsorption; ions; water treatment; ion exchange ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect cuticle and yeast extract effects on germination, growth, and production of hydrolytic enzymes by Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16765742; 3527200 AB - Larval cuticle of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea and yeast extract added to a minimal medium (MM) induced germination of conidia of Nomuraea rileyi whereas sterile distilled water or MM alone did not. Yeast extract increased mycelial yield, but when cuticle was added, mycelial yield significantly decreased. Proteases and chitinases of N. rileyi were only expressed when cuticle was added to the MM. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - effects on KW - yeast extract KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cuticles KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - enzymes KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Lepidoptera KW - germination KW - growth KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Insect+cuticle+and+yeast+extract+effects+on+germination%2C+growth%2C+and+production+of+hydrolytic+enzymes+by+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cuticles; enzymes; entomopathogenic fungi; growth; germination; Helicoverpa zea; Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and dot hybridizations distinguish mycoplasmalike organisms associated with Flavescence doree and southern European grapevine yellows disease in Italy AN - 16765521; 3533413 AB - Biotinylated cloned DNA probes were employed in dot hybridizations and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses to compare mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with two grapevine yellows diseases (strain FDU of flavescence doree MLO from northern Italy and strain FDB of southern European grapevine yellows MLO from southern Italy) and Italian periwinkle virescence disease (MLO strain G from northern Italy). Results from dot hybridizations using six probes containing cloned DNA of MLO strain FDU, of MLO strain G, or of American aster yellows MLO strain AY1, revealed that FDU and FDB shared some regions of DNA sequence homology with one another as well as with MLO strains G and AY1, but all four MLOs were mutually distinguished. RFLP patterns of chromosomal DNA from southern European grapevine yellows MLO strain FDB exhibited some similarities with those from MLO strain G but were markedly different from those exhibited by DNA from flavescence doree MLO strain FDU. The results indicate that at least two distinct MLOs are associated with grapevine yellows in Italy. JF - Phytopathology AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Bertaccini, A AU - Lee, I-M AU - Credi, R AU - Osler, R AU - Savino, V AU - Carraro, L AU - Di Terlizzi, B AU - Barba, M AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 772 EP - 776 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Scaphoideus titanus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma-like organisms KW - Vitis vinifera KW - hybridization analysis KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - strains KW - Italy KW - flavescence doree KW - comparison KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+analyses+and+dot+hybridizations+distinguish+mycoplasmalike+organisms+associated+with+Flavescence+doree+and+southern+European+grapevine+yellows+disease+in+Italy&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BBertaccini%2C+A%3BLee%2C+I-M%3BCredi%2C+R%3BOsler%2C+R%3BSavino%2C+V%3BCarraro%2C+L%3BDi+Terlizzi%2C+B%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma-like organisms; hybridization analysis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; strains; comparison; flavescence doree; Vitis vinifera; Italy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An economic analysis of localized pollution: Rendering emissions in a residential setting AN - 16765396; 3528560 AB - The contingent value method is employed to estimate economic damages to households resulting from rendering plant emissions in a small town. Household willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) are estimated individually and in aggregate. The influence of household characteristics on WTP and WTA is examined via regression models. The perception of health risk is an important determinant of household valuation, while income appears insignificant. Both WTA and WTP results indicate that a potential Pareto-improvement is possible with the incorporation of current abatement technology. JF - Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Bowker, J M AU - MacDonald, H F AD - USDA For. Serv., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 45 EP - 59 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0008-3976, 0008-3976 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - public concern KW - odors KW - economics KW - industrial emissions KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=An+economic+analysis+of+localized+pollution%3A+Rendering+emissions+in+a+residential+setting&rft.au=Bowker%2C+J+M%3BMacDonald%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Bowker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00083976&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; economics; industrial emissions; public concern; odors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of genetics of biological-control introductions AN - 16764471; 3731814 JF - Annual Review of Entomology. Vol. 38, pp. 27-51. 1993. AU - Hopper, K R AU - Roush, R T AU - Powell, W AD - European Biol. Control Lab., ARS-USDA, BP 4168, 34092 Montpellier, France Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 27 EP - 51 VL - 38 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - genetic variance KW - introduced species KW - Insecta KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16764471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Hopper%2C+K+R%3BRoush%2C+R+T%3BPowell%2C+W&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=0824301382&rft.btitle=Management+of+genetics+of+biological-control+introductions&rft.title=Management+of+genetics+of+biological-control+introductions&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; biological control; parasitoids; genetic variance; introduced species; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of allelopathy in hay-scented fern interference with black cherry regeneration AN - 16764438; 3529169 AB - Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings survive and grow poorly under dense hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula Michx.) ground cover in the understory of partially cut Allegheny hardwood stands. Previous field studies showed that there were about 80% fewer black cherry seedlings where fern was present than where it was absent. Allelopathic interference with black cherry seed germination, seedling survival, and growth by hay-scented fern foliage leachates, root washings, and soil transformation products was evaluated in a series of field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments. Black cherry seeds germinated as well in the presence of hay-scented fern or its leachates as when they were absent in both the laboratory and the field. Fern foliage leachates and root washings did not affect black cherry growth in sand or natural soil cores in the greenhouse. There also was no evidence that hay-scented fern natural products or their soil transformation products built up in the soil. A two-year manipulative field experiment to separate effects of hay-scented fern foliage shade from foliar leaching showed that foliage shade significantly reduced black cherry seedling survival and growth; foliage leachates had no effect. Results of the studies led to the conclusion that allelopathy does not play a direct role in hay-scented fern interference with black cherry seedling establishment in partially cut Allegheny hardwood stands. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Horsley, S B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 928, Warren, PA 16365, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2737 EP - 2755 VL - 19 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - regeneration KW - interference KW - shade KW - allelopathy KW - Prunus serotina KW - Dennstaedtia punctilobula KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16764438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Role+of+allelopathy+in+hay-scented+fern+interference+with+black+cherry+regeneration&rft.au=Horsley%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus serotina; Dennstaedtia punctilobula; regeneration; interference; shade; allelopathy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine runoff and leaching losses from soil in tilted beds as influenced by three rates of lagoon effluent AN - 16764013; 3527191 AB - Soil organic matter is frequently associated with reduced herbicide mobility and phytotoxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of lagoon effluent application on runoff and leaching losses of atrazine. Tilted beds, packed with Tifton soil and equipped with runoff and leachate collection funnels, were utilized. Lagoon effluent was applied at three rates, followed by atrazine and bromide application. Simulated rainfall (5 cm h super(-1)) was applied for two hours, and runoff and leachate were collected. Increasing the rate of effluent application increased runoff flow rate and decreased leaching flow rate. The percentage of atrazine lost in runoff increased with effluent application rate, but the percentage lost to leaching decreased. Therefore, the total atrazine lost was not affected by effluent application rate. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Davis-Carter, J G AU - Burgoa, B AD - Univ. Georgia and USDA-ARS, Coastal Plain Exper. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 18 VL - B28 IS - 1 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - land application KW - herbicides KW - effluents KW - atrazine KW - runoff KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16764013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Atrazine+runoff+and+leaching+losses+from+soil+in+tilted+beds+as+influenced+by+three+rates+of+lagoon+effluent&rft.au=Davis-Carter%2C+J+G%3BBurgoa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Davis-Carter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=B28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; leaching; runoff; effluents; land application; herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forage yield losses in hybrid pearl millet due to leaf blight caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea AN - 16763771; 3528345 AB - The effects of leaf blight, caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea, on forage yield and digestibility of pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in 1990, 1991, and 1992. A range of disease severities on Pyricularia-susceptible hybrid Tifleaf 1 and on the resistant, near-isogenic hybrid Tifleaf 2 were established by inoculation with P. grisea or by application of chlorothalonil. Even with irrigation, no appreciable leaf blight developed in the dry 1990 season. In 1991 and 1992, disease severities (percentage of foliage with chlorosis and necrosis) in individual plots ranged from 3 to 35%. Leaf blight severity in 1991 and 1992 was negatively correlated with green plot yield, dry matter yield, and digestible dry matter yield. In vitro dry matter digestibility was unaffected by disease, and the response of dry matter concentration was inconsistent between years. Within the range of severities obtained, digestible dry matter yield decreased linearly with increases in leaf blight severity. Based on observed leaf blight severities of the Pyricularia-resistant Tifleaf 2, the regression equations estimate that minor pathogens that contribute to the leaf blight complex may reduce digestible dry matter yield of this hybrid by as much as 19%. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wilson, J P AU - Gates, R N AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Res. Unit, Univ. Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 739 EP - 744 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Pyricularia grisea KW - yield KW - leaf blight KW - dry matter KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Forage+yield+losses+in+hybrid+pearl+millet+due+to+leaf+blight+caused+primarily+by+Pyricularia+grisea&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P%3BGates%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyricularia grisea; Pennisetum glaucum; leaf blight; yield; dry matter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of leafy spurge by Alternaria alternata and A. angustiovoidea in the absence of dew AN - 16763681; 3528258 AB - An invert emulsion carrier (IEC, water-in-oil type) was developed that could be applied easily with a garden sprayer (3.785 L with T-Jet 8002 nozzle) and that showed negligible phytotoxicity to leafy spurge. The IEC contained an oil phase and a water phase (1:1, v/v). The oil phase contained 20 ml of mineral oil, 2 ml of Myverol 18-99, 80 ml of Orchex 796, and 6 g of paraffin wax. The water phase contained 0.5 g of sucrose, 0.1 ml of Tween 20, and 100 ml of tap water. Eighty-five percent of conidia of Alternaria alternata and A. angustiovoidea germinated in the IEC in uncovered petri dishes in the greenhouse in the absence of dew at 21-25 C. However, less than 10% of conidia of A. alternata and 0% of that of A. angustiovoidea germinated in the aqueous sucrose solution under the same greenhouse conditions. When conidia of both Alternaria species were suspended in the IEC and sprayed onto leafy spurge, the plants were infected and killed in the absence of dew in growth chambers, greenhouse, and field plots. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yang, S-M AU - Johnson AU - Dowler, WM AU - Connick, WJ Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res. Unit, Fort Detrick, Build. 1301, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 953 EP - 958 VL - 83 IS - 9 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Alternaria angustiovoidea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Euphorbia esula KW - Alternaria alternata KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Infection+of+leafy+spurge+by+Alternaria+alternata+and+A.+angustiovoidea+in+the+absence+of+dew&rft.au=Yang%2C+S-M%3BJohnson%3BDowler%2C+WM%3BConnick%2C+WJ+Jr&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=S-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphorbia esula; Alternaria alternata; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of cuticle source and concentration on expression of hydrolytic enzymes by an entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16763476; 3527193 AB - The effects of cuticle from larvae of Trichoplusia ni and Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea on expression of proteases and chitinases by germinating conidia of Nomuraea rileyi in submerged cultures were studied. Increasing the concentration of T. ni or H. zea cuticle resulted in a 13- and 15-fold increase in protease activity, respectively. Endochitinase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity on the T. ni and H. zea substrates increased as cuticular concentrations increased to 2.5%, then stabilized or decreased thereafter. The simultaneous expression of both proteases and chitinases suggests that they are controlled by a multiple-regulatory system. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 149 EP - 152 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - effects on KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - cuticles KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - enzymes KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Effects+of+cuticle+source+and+concentration+on+expression+of+hydrolytic+enzymes+by+an+entomopathogenic+fungus%2C+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cuticles; enzymes; entomopathogenic fungi; Trichoplusia ni; Helicoverpa zea; Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial delignification with white rot fungi improves forage digestibility AN - 16762688; 3528191 AB - Three wild-type white rot fungi and two cellulase-less mutants developed from Phanerochaete chrysosporium K-3 (formerly Sporotrichum pulverulentum) were tested for their ability to delignify grass cell walls and improve biodegradation by rumen microorganisms. Fungal-treated and control stems of Bermuda grass were analyzed for their content of ester- and ether-linked aromatics by using alkali extraction and gas chromatography, for in vitro dry weight digestion and production of volatile fatty acids in in vitro fermentations with mixed ruminal microorganisms, for loss of lignin and other aromatics from specific cell wall types by using microspectrophotometry, and for structural changes before and after in vitro degradation by rumen microorganisms by using transmission electron microscopy. P. chrysosporium K-3 and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP 90031-sp produced the greatest losses in lignin and improved the biodegradation of Bermuda grass over that of untreated control substrate. However, C. subvermispora removed the most lignin and significantly improved biodegradation over all other treatments. Phellinus pini RAB-83-19 and cellulase-less mutants 3113 and 85118 developed from P. chrysosporium K-3 did not improve the biodegradation of Bermuda grass lignocellulose. Results indicated that C. subvermispora extensively removed ester-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids and also removed the greatest amount of non-ester-linked aromatics from plant cell walls. Microscopic observations further indicated that C. subvermispora removed esters from parenchyma cell walls as well as esters and lignin from the more recalcitrant cell walls (i.e., sclerenchyma and vascular tissues). C. subvermispora improved in vitro digestion and volatile fatty acid production by ruminal microorganisms by about 80%, while dry matter loss due to fungi was about 20% greater than loss in untreated control stems. The chemical and structural studies used identified sites of specific fungal attack and suggested mechanisms whereby improvement occurred. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Akin, DE AU - Sethuraman, A AU - Morrison, WH III AU - Martin, SA AU - Eriksson, K-EL AD - Russell Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4274 EP - 4282 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lignin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - grasses KW - biodegradation KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microbial+delignification+with+white+rot+fungi+improves+forage+digestibility&rft.au=Akin%2C+DE%3BSethuraman%2C+A%3BMorrison%2C+WH+III%3BMartin%2C+SA%3BEriksson%2C+K-EL&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - grasses; biodegradation; Phanerochaete chrysosporium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capture of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in pheromone traps and hand nets: Relationship to egg and adult densities in field corn, Texas Brazos River Valley AN - 16762055; 3527438 AB - Temporal patterns of capture of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in pheromone traps and by hand nets and the relationship of numbers caught to egg and adult densities were studied for 35 and 44 nights during 1988 and 1989, respectively, in four commercial corn fields near College Station, TX. The percentage of nightly pheromone-trap catch, divided into hourly periods, was highest between 2100 and 2200 hours (CDT). Coefficient of determination between number of males caught in traps between 2100 and 2200 hours and egg densities determined the following morning (R super(2) = 37%) was also higher than for other time periods. However, stepwise regression showed that trap catch between 0400 and 0500 hours in combination with number of fresh silks per hectare provided the best equation for predicting egg densities (R super(2) = 51%). Of the total numbers of moths captured by hand net, 62% were females. The percentage of nightly hand-net catch of females was highest between 2100 and 2400 hours and of males was nearly uniform throughout the night. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Latheef, MA AU - Lopez, JD Jr AU - Witz, JA AD - Aerial Applic. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, College Stn., TX 77843, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 407 EP - 415 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - corn earworms KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - nets KW - Lepidoptera KW - pheromone traps KW - Zea mays KW - temporal variations KW - Noctuidae KW - population density KW - eggs KW - adults KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Capture+of+corn+earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+in+pheromone+traps+and+hand+nets%3A+Relationship+to+egg+and+adult+densities+in+field+corn%2C+Texas+Brazos+River+Valley&rft.au=Latheef%2C+MA%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr%3BWitz%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Latheef&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; USA, Texas; pheromone traps; eggs; adults; population density; temporal variations; nets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical processes and nutrient uptake by plants in hydric soils AN - 16762030; 3528575 AB - Soil reduction caused by flooding has profound effects on species adaptation and mineral nutrition of higher plants. Anaerobic conditions inhibit normal root respiration of higher plants. Alternate metabolic pathways may be utilized in combination with the development of anatomical characteristics that result in the internal movement of oxygen to the roots. Soil organisms use other oxidants when the oxygen supply is interrupted, which results in profound changes in oxidative states of many metals and nonmetals, and changes in soil reaction and conductivity. The products of reduction are primarily nitrogen gas, manganous manganese, ferrous iron, sulfide sulfur, methane, and organic acids. These reduction products alter the availability of soil nutrients and can drastically alter the soil acidity. Plant-soil interactions on flooded soils can sometimes be altered, as has been demonstrated by the use of phosphorus fertilizer on southern pine and zinc on rice. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - McKee, WH Jr AU - McKevlin, M R AD - Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2197 EP - 2207 VL - 12 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - soil reduction KW - nutrient uptake KW - flooded soils KW - anaerobic environments KW - geochemistry KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - flooding KW - soil types KW - plants KW - nutrients KW - wetlands KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04200:Wetlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Geochemical+processes+and+nutrient+uptake+by+plants+in+hydric+soils&rft.au=McKee%2C+WH+Jr%3BMcKevlin%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=McKee&rft.aufirst=WH&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants; wetlands; geochemistry; soil types; flooding; nutrients; nutrient uptake; flooded soils; anaerobic environments ER - TY - CONF T1 - Carbon trends of productive temperate forests of the coterminous United States AN - 16761724; 3523469 AB - Carbon trends of U.S. timberlands reflect past and current harvesting patterns and forest growth. Using periodic forest inventory data coupled with the Carbon Budget Model, we estimate C inventory from 1952 to the present, and project future trends through 2070. Two sets of projections are presented, one based on economically derived harvest levels and the other assuming no harvests after 1990. Productive forest sequester an average of 250 Tg C yr super(-1) from 1952-1987, but projections under expected harvests assuming no changes in growing conditions indicate this rate will fall to 60 Tg C yr super(-1) from 1987 to at least 2050, and then become a C source by 2070. Carbon sequestered in products and landfills over the projection period average 75 Tg C yr super(-1). An estimated 328 Tg C yr super(-1) would be sequestered if harvesting ceased. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Heath, L S AU - Birdsey, R A Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 279 EP - 293 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - carbon cycle KW - storage KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16761724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Carbon+trends+of+productive+temperate+forests+of+the+coterminous+United+States&rft.au=Heath%2C+L+S%3BBirdsey%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) to its aggregation pheromone and wheat volatiles AN - 16760550; 3528831 AB - The attraction of adult Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) to its aggregation pheromone and to volatiles of infested wheat was examined in relation to age, sex, and female mating status. Male and female beetles did not differ in their response to pheromone or wheat volatiles regardless of insect age. Virgin and mated females did not differ in their response to the pheromone or wheat volatiles. R. dominica was more responsive to wheat that was infested than to clean wheat, and the response was proportional to the density of insects in the wheat. This suggests a strong attraction to the insect pheromone in infested grain. The implications of these findings for the attraction and migration of R. dominica to stored wheat are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dowdy, A K AU - Howard, R W AU - Seitz, L M AU - McGaughey, W H AD - Grain Marketing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 965 EP - 970 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bostrichidae KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Rhyzopertha dominica KW - Coleoptera KW - attractancy KW - volatiles KW - aggregation pheromone KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16760550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Rhyzopertha+dominica+%28Coleoptera%3A+Bostrichidae%29+to+its+aggregation+pheromone+and+wheat+volatiles&rft.au=Dowdy%2C+A+K%3BHoward%2C+R+W%3BSeitz%2C+L+M%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dowdy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhyzopertha dominica; Triticum aestivum; Coleoptera; Bostrichidae; aggregation pheromone; volatiles; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A bioassay system for collecting volatiles while simultaneously attracting tephritid fruit flies AN - 16759814; 3527087 AB - A bioassay system was developed that permits the testing of various substrates for biological activity in a flight tunnel, while simultaneously collecting a portion of the volatiles from the attractive source for subsequent chemical identification and quantification. Bioassays of the response of virgin female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to volatiles released by calling males were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light cycles and fluctuating environmental conditions, similar to those in the field. Using this system, the periodicity of response of the female flies between 1300 and 1845 hr (EST) was tested. Fifty to 75% response occurred between 1700 and 1845 hr. Male pheromone release was greatest between 1500 and 1800 hr. Videotaped records of insects, taken between 1700 and 1800 hr as flies approached and entered the traps, were analyzed to interpret the communicative role of the volatiles released. Significantly more flies landed on and entered the pheromone-emitting trap than the control trap. There was no difference in the amount of time spent on the trap face, an indication that volatiles were attractants. The system described should be of general utility in determination of the attraction of pest fruit flies to suspected attractants. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Heath, R R AU - Manukian, A AU - Epsky, N D AU - Sivinski, J AU - Calkins, C O AU - Landolt, P J AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol., Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2395 EP - 2410 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pest control KW - bioassays KW - Tephritidae KW - Anastrepha suspensa KW - attractancy KW - volatiles KW - pheromones KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16759814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+bioassay+system+for+collecting+volatiles+while+simultaneously+attracting+tephritid+fruit+flies&rft.au=Heath%2C+R+R%3BManukian%2C+A%3BEpsky%2C+N+D%3BSivinski%2C+J%3BCalkins%2C+C+O%3BLandolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha suspensa; Diptera; Tephritidae; bioassays; volatiles; attractancy; pheromones; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riboflavin requirement of fingerling red hybrid tilapia grown in seawater AN - 16758241; 3529348 AB - Red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus fingerlings were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/kg, and 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg of riboflavin in separate 8 and 12 wk feeding studies, respectively. The dietary riboflavin level required to provide maximum growth and survival, and prevent deficiency symptoms in red hybrid tilapia fingerlings was found to be approximately 5 mg/kg of diet. In both trials, fish fed the diet devoid of supplemental riboflavin exhibited anorexia, reduced growth and nervous symptoms after 4-6 wk. Mortality began to occur after the sixth week. None of these abnormalities were observed during the first 6 wk in fish fed the riboflavin supplemented diets. However, by the seventh week, fish fed the diet supplemented with 2.5 mg/kg of riboflavin showed reduced appetite and growth rate. In both experiments, short body dwarfism was observed during week 8 for fish fed the diet without riboflavin supplementation. In experiment 1, fish fed the riboflavin-deficient diet had lens cataracts at week 8. This deficiency sign was not observed in experiment 2. Histological studies of liver, kidney, spleen, lateral muscle, gill and gastrointestinal tract revealed no major histopathological changes. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Lim, C AU - Leamaster, B AU - Brock, JA AD - Trop. Aquac. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-PWA, Hawaii Inst. Mar. Biol., P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96777, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 451 EP - 458 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - nutritional requirements KW - Marine KW - sea water KW - fish culture KW - pathology KW - diets KW - Oreochromis mossambicus KW - hybrid culture KW - fingerlings KW - vitamin B KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - growth KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16758241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Riboflavin+requirement+of+fingerling+red+hybrid+tilapia+grown+in+seawater&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BLeamaster%2C+B%3BBrock%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutritional requirements; sea water; pathology; fish culture; diets; hybrid culture; fingerlings; vitamin B; growth; Oreochromis mossambicus; Oreochromis niloticus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of Pratylenchus penetrans by nematode-pathogenic fungi AN - 16757155; 3528343 AB - Eleven fungal isolates were tested in agar dishes for pathogenicity to Pratylenchus penetrans. Of the fungi that produce adhesive conidia, Hirsutella rhossiliensis was a virulent pathogen; Verticillium balanoides, Drechmeria coniospora, and Nematoctonus sp. were weak or nonpathogens. The trapping fungi, Arthrobotrys dactyloides, A. oligospora, Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, and M. cionopagum, killed most of the P. penetrans adults and juveniles added to the fungus cultures. An isolate of Nematoctonus that forms adhesive knobs trapped only a small proportion of the nematodes. In 17-cm super(3) vials, soil moisture influenced survival of P. penetrans in the presence of H. rhossiliensis; nematode survival decreased with diminishing soil moisture. Hirsutella rhossiliensis and M. ellipsosporum were equally effective in reducing numbers of P. penetrans by 24-25% after 4 days in sand. After 25 days in soil artificially infested with H. rhossiliensis, numbers of P. penetrans were reduced by 28-53%. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Timper, P AU - Brodie, B B AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutr. Lab., Tower Rd., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 297 EP - 302 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Pratylenchus penetrans KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - nematophagous fungi KW - nematode trapping organs KW - pathogens KW - fungi KW - Nematoda KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16757155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Infection+of+Pratylenchus+penetrans+by+nematode-pathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Timper%2C+P%3BBrodie%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Timper&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nematoda; pathogens; nematophagous fungi; nematode trapping organs; biological control; fungi ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analysis of agroecosystem carbon pools AN - 16756797; 3527315 AB - We present analyses of major driving variable controls on soil C in agroecosystems. Historical changes in soil C storage in agricultural soils are characterized by large losses during transition from natural grasslands and forests. A major driver in more recent times is the steadily increasing rate of net primary production of major land areas in agriculture. Simulation and analytical models are used to predict trajectories and potential soil C storage under possible scenarios of changed management and climate. Database and analytical requirements for extrapolation from regional to global scales are outlined. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Cole, V AU - Paustian, K AU - Elliott, E T AU - Metherell, AK AU - Ojima, D S AU - Parton, W J Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 357 EP - 371 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16756797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+agroecosystem+carbon+pools&rft.au=Cole%2C+V%3BPaustian%2C+K%3BElliott%2C+E+T%3BMetherell%2C+AK%3BOjima%2C+D+S%3BParton%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of comandra blister rust on growth and survival of lodgepole pine AN - 16756773; 3528181 AB - Comandra blister rust, caused by the fungus Cronartium comandrae, reduced growth and survival of lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia) in the central Rocky Mountains. Stem analyses were used to determine annual increments of total cubic bolewood volume for 74 lodgepole pine trees 4-22 m tall, cankered by comandra blister rust. Mean annual increments after canker establishment were reduced 32% for trees with crown tops killed by comandra blister rust (spiked) and 9% for trees not yet girdled. Volume increments of spiked trees decreased each year after canker establishment until crown loss (top-kill) occurred; afterward, increments remained small and constant. Bolewood in spiked trees was sound but split and cracked above the canker. Reductions in radial increments for 140 spiked trees decreased with tree age when they were top-killed and increased with severity of crown loss, measured as the proportion of stem length above canker center. Total and sapwood basal areas, crown ratio, and basal area increment were highly correlated among spiked trees. Sixty percent of 2,070 trees on either temporary or monitored plots survived top-kill; percent survival increased with canker height. On 15 remeasured plots, no spiked trees with cankers higher than 13 m had died during the past 5 yr; trees with cankers lower than 13 m died at rates inversely proportional to canker height. Functions describing expected reductions in radial increment and survival can be incorporated into stand-growth and yield models to provide better estimates of disease effects. JF - Phytopathology AU - Geils, B W AU - Jacobi, W R AD - USDA, For. Serv., Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Stn., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 638 EP - 644 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Cronartium comandrae KW - Pinus contorta subsp.latifolia KW - comandra blister rust KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - blister rust KW - growth KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16756773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+comandra+blister+rust+on+growth+and+survival+of+lodgepole+pine&rft.au=Geils%2C+B+W%3BJacobi%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Geils&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - growth; blister rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food availability and pheromone production by males of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16754889; 3529077 AB - Pheromone production was quantified for males of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), with access to protein, sugar, and water (fully fed), sugar and water (sugar only), or water (water only) overnight. Water-only males produced little pheromone the next day, and production was significantly less than pheromone production by sugar-only and fully fed males during peak periods. Food access significantly affected pheromone component blend. Late in the photophase, percentage epianastrephin was highest and percentage suspensolide was lowest in water-only males. Fully fed males exhibited a sharp increase in pheromone production late in photophase, whereas sugar-only males exhibited a fairly broad peak in production that started earlier in photophase. Pheromone production was less dependent on availability of food, however, if males had adequate access to food earlier in photophase. Female response to pheromone in a flight tunnel was directly related to amount of pheromone produced. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Epsky, N D AU - Heath, R R AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 942 EP - 947 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - food availability KW - males KW - Tephritidae KW - Anastrepha suspensa KW - attractancy KW - Diptera KW - pheromone emission KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16754889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Food+availability+and+pheromone+production+by+males+of+Anastrepha+suspensa+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha suspensa; Tephritidae; Diptera; food availability; pheromone emission; attractancy; males ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of concomitant populations of Meloidogyne incognita and Criconemella xenoplax on peach AN - 16752811; 3524457 AB - The interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and Criconemella xenoplax on nematode reproduction and growth of Lovell peach was studied in field microlots and the greenhouse. Meloidogyne incognita suppressed reproduction of C. xenoplax in both field and greenhouse experiments. Tree growth, as measured by trunk diameter, was reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the presence of M. incognita as compared with C. xenoplax of the uninoculated control trees 26 months following inoculation. A similar response regarding dry root weight was also detected in greenhouse-grown seedlings after 5 months. The presence of C. xenoplax did not affect Lovell tree growth. A synergistic effect causing a reduction (P less than or equal to 0.05) in tree growth was recorded 26 and 38 months following inoculation. The presence of M. incognita increased levels of malonyl-l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in leaves of trees grown in field microplots 19 months after inoculation. Meloidogyne incognita appears to be a more dominant parasite than C. xenoplax on Lovell peach. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Nyczepir AU - Riley, M B AU - Sharpe, R R AD - USDA ARS, Southeast. Fruit and Tree Nut Res. Lab., P.O. Box 87, Byron, GA 31008, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 659 EP - 665 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - concomitant populations KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - parasites KW - Criconemella xenoplax KW - infection KW - host plants KW - Prunus persica KW - population dynamics KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16752811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+concomitant+populations+of+Meloidogyne+incognita+and+Criconemella+xenoplax+on+peach&rft.au=Nyczepir%3BRiley%2C+M+B%3BSharpe%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Nyczepir&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meloidogyne incognita; Criconemella xenoplax; Prunus persica; host plants; infection; population dynamics; parasites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rheology and microstructure of low-fat mozzarella cheese AN - 16752555; 3521729 AB - The contributions of fat and moisture content to Mozzarella cheese texture were investigated to provide a basis for developing low-fat cheese with consumer acceptability. The characteristics of low-fat high-moisture (LFHM) experimental Mozzarella cheeses before and after 6 weeks of refrigerated storage were compared with those of high-fat low-moisture controls. High levels of either moisture in nonfat substance or fat in dry matter (FDM) were accompanied by decreases in hardness, complex viscosity, and elastic modulus and increases in meltability during the storage time. Starter culture bacteria were observed at the surface of the fat droplets, the latter having a tendency to coalesce during storage. Development of texture and meltability in LFHM Mozzarella appeared to be directly related to increased proteolysis of alpha sub(s1)-casein observed during storage. These results show the feasibility of making Mozzarella cheese containing < 25% FDM with textural properties similar to those of a full-fat cheese if the product contains enough moisture and is stored under refrigeration for several weeks. JF - International Dairy Journal AU - Tunick, M H AU - Mackey, K L AU - Shieh, J J AU - Smith, P W AU - Cooke, P AU - Malin, EL AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 649 EP - 662 VL - 3 IS - 7 SN - 0958-6946, 0958-6946 KW - mozzarella KW - microstructure KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - starter cultures KW - rheology KW - cheese KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16752555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Dairy+Journal&rft.atitle=Rheology+and+microstructure+of+low-fat+mozzarella+cheese&rft.au=Tunick%2C+M+H%3BMackey%2C+K+L%3BShieh%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+P+W%3BCooke%2C+P%3BMalin%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Tunick&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Dairy+Journal&rft.issn=09586946&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cheese; rheology; starter cultures ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swainson's hawk predation on dragonflies in Argentina AN - 16750145; 3525220 AB - Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) have a diverse diet consisting of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and a wide array of invertebrates. Predation on invertebrates generally involves flocks of Swainson's Hawks preying on aggregations of invertebrates. Here we report on Swainson's Hawk predation on invertebrates in Argentina that was notable because of the taxon involved and the magnitude of the event. On 17 December 1991, we observed an aggregation of dragonflies (Odonata, Anisoptera) approximately 6 km NE of San Clemente del Tuyu, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. When first observed at a distance of 2-4 km, we thought the dragonfly aggregation was smoke from a grassfire. The aggregation was moving north in association with a weather front that passed our position coincident with the passage of the dragonflies. The wind shifted from the north (40 kph) to the south (30 kph), and the ambient temperature dropped approximately 6-8 degree C. We estimated the aggregation to be approximately 1000 m in diameter and in excess of 500 m in height. Ground velocity of the aggregation was estimated at 12-15 kph. The density of individuals within the aggregation was estimated at 10-15/m super(3) in the lower portion of the column, and declined only minimally until near the upper limits. The calculated number of dragonflies based on these estimates is 3.9-5.9 x 10 super(9) individuals. Associated with the dragonflies were 200-300 Swainson's Hawks foraging actively in the upper portions of the aggregation. Many individuals were soaring at great heights above the aggregation. The hawks captured dragonflies by soaring into the aggregation and seizing individuals in their talons. They would then proceed to feed on the dragonflies while soaring and maintaining pace with the rapidly moving aggregation. This foraging behavior is similar to accounts of Swainson's Hawks preying on grasshoppers (Woffinden 1986), dobsonflies, and unidentified insects (Bent 1937). JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Fisher, C D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silvic. Lab., South. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 365 EP - 366 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Buteo swainsonii KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Argentina KW - predation KW - Odonata KW - feeding behavior KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16750145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Swainson%27s+hawk+predation+on+dragonflies+in+Argentina&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+D+C%3BFisher%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odonata; Argentina; predation; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiotic activities of sugar esters isolated from selected Nicotiana species AN - 16749605; 3723287 AB - (DBO) JF - Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry AU - Chortyk, O T AU - Severson, R F AU - Cutler, H C AU - Sisson, V A AD - USDA, ARS, Crops Res. Lab., Oxford, NC, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1355 EP - 1356 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0916-8451, 0916-8451 KW - glucose esters KW - sucrose esters KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Nicotiana glutinosa KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - antimicrobial agents KW - W3 33370:Antibiotics KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16749605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Antibiotic+activities+of+sugar+esters+isolated+from+selected+Nicotiana+species&rft.au=Chortyk%2C+O+T%3BSeverson%2C+R+F%3BCutler%2C+H+C%3BSisson%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Chortyk&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=09168451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimicrobial agents; Nicotiana glutinosa; Nicotiana tabacum ER - TY - CONF T1 - Contribution of temperate forests to the world's carbon budget AN - 16748701; 3523447 AB - Temperate forests currently cover about 600 MHa, about half of their potential. Almost all these forests have been directly impacted by humans. The total living biomass in trees (including roots) was estimated to contain 33.7 Gt C. The total C pool for the entire forest biome was estimated as 98.8 Gt. The current net sink flux of biomass was calculated at 205 Mt yr super(-1), with a similar amount removed in harvests for manufacture into various products. The major cause of this C sink is forest regrowth. Forest regrowth is possible because fossil fuels are the major source of energy in temperate countries, instead of fuelwood. Future C in these forests will be greatly influenced by human activity. Options to sequester more C include conservation of forest resources, activities that increase forest productivity such as adopting rotation ages to optimize C production, afforestation, improvement of wood utilization, and waste management. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Heath, L S AU - Kauppi, P E AU - Burschel, P AU - Gregor, H-D AU - Guderian, R AU - Kohlmaier, G H AU - Lorenz, S AU - Overdieck, D AU - Scholz, F AU - Thomasiu, H AU - Weber, M Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 55 EP - 69 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - temperate environments KW - carbon cycle KW - storage KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16748701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+temperate+forests+to+the+world%27s+carbon+budget&rft.au=Heath%2C+L+S%3BKauppi%2C+P+E%3BBurschel%2C+P%3BGregor%2C+H-D%3BGuderian%2C+R%3BKohlmaier%2C+G+H%3BLorenz%2C+S%3BOverdieck%2C+D%3BScholz%2C+F%3BThomasiu%2C+H%3BWeber%2C+M&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion and sedimentation processes on irrigated fields AN - 16748676; 3511081 AB - Soil erosion is sometimes excessive during furrow irrigation and under center pivot sprinkler systems. An understanding of erosion processes is required to predict and develop management practices to reduce irrigation induced erosion. Little erosion process research has been carried out under irrigation, but much of the extensive channel sediment transport and rainfall-induced erosion process research can be adapted to irrigated conditions. Soil erosion occurs when fluid in motion detaches and transports soil particles. Sedimentation occurs when the fluid transport capacity decreases to less than the sediment load, Hydraulic forces of moving water and soil factors such as aggregate stability and particle size determine erosion and sedimentation. Under furrow irrigation, the shear of the overland flow against the soil provides the detachment force and is a primary factor determining channel transport capacity. With sprinkler irrigation, water drop energy detaches particles, some of which may be transported downslope by shallow interrill flow if the water application rate exceeds the soil infiltration rate. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Trout, T J AU - Neibling, W H AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 947 EP - 974 VL - 119 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - erosion KW - agriculture KW - sedimentation KW - soil conservation KW - soil erosion KW - irrigation design KW - irrigation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16748676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Erosion+and+sedimentation+processes+on+irrigated+fields&rft.au=Trout%2C+T+J%3BNeibling%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sedimentation; erosion; irrigation; soil erosion; irrigation design; sprinkler irrigation; soil conservation; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Further studies on the efficacy of an inactivated African horse sickness serotype 4 vaccine AN - 16746617; 3522765 AB - The immunity induced by two inoculations of a commercial inactivated African horse sickness (AHS) serotype 4 (AHSV-4) vaccine was studied. No adverse reaction was observed in five horses following vaccination. Following challenge-inoculation, no clinical signs attributable to AHS, no viraemia indicating infection, and no anamnestic response was observed in the vaccinated ponies. The utility of an efficacious inactivated AHS vaccine in the control and eradication of AHS from a non-endemic area is discussed. The lack of viraemia following vaccination with an inactivated vaccine and the prevention of vector infection by animals exposed to field virus are important in the eradication of AHS. JF - Vaccine AU - House, JA AU - Lombard, M AU - Dubourget, P AU - House, C AU - Mebus, CA AD - USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., Foreign Anim. Dis. Diagn. Lab., Plum Island, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 142 EP - 144 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - horses KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - African horse sickness virus KW - efficacy KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16746617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Further+studies+on+the+efficacy+of+an+inactivated+African+horse+sickness+serotype+4+vaccine&rft.au=House%2C+JA%3BLombard%2C+M%3BDubourget%2C+P%3BHouse%2C+C%3BMebus%2C+CA&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; efficacy; African horse sickness virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake hydrogenase (Hup) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) symbioses AN - 16746596; 3516719 AB - Strains of Rhizobium forming nitrogen-fixing symbioses with common bean were systematically examined for the presence of the uptake hydrogenase (hup) structural genes and expression of uptake hydrogenase (Hup) activity. DNA with homology to the hup structural genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was present in 100 of 248 strains examined. EcoRI fragments with molecular sizes of approximately 20.0 and 2.2 kb hybridized with an internal SacI fragment, which contains part of both bradyrhizobial hup structural genes. The DNA with homology to the hup genes was located on pSym of one of the bean rhizobia. Hup activity was observed in bean symbioses with 13 of 30 strains containing DNA homologous with the hup structural genes. However, the Hup activity was not sufficient to eliminate hydrogen evolution from the nodules. Varying the host plant with two of the Hup super(+) strains indicated that expression of Hup activity was host regulated, as has been reported with soybean, pea, and cowpea strains. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Navarro, R B AU - Vargas, AAT AU - Schroeder, E C AU - van Berkum, P AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, HH-19, Build. 011, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4161 EP - 4165 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - hup gene KW - hydrogenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gene transfer KW - symbiosis KW - Rhizobium KW - genes KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - nitrogen fixation KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16746596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Uptake+hydrogenase+%28Hup%29+in+common+bean+%28Phaseolus+vulgaris%29+symbioses&rft.au=Navarro%2C+R+B%3BVargas%2C+AAT%3BSchroeder%2C+E+C%3Bvan+Berkum%2C+P&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene transfer; symbiosis; genes; nitrogen fixation; Rhizobium; Phaseolus vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In search of Brassica germplasm in saline semi-arid and arid regions of India and Pakistan for reclamation of selenium-laden soils in the U.S. AN - 16746284; 3523298 AB - High concentrations of selenium (Se) found in some saline soils may be detrimental to sustainable agriculture in parts of the western U.S. Remediation strategy with Brassica species may be practical to reduce soil concentrations of Se to non-toxic levels. Collecting germplasm native to or growing in semi-arid and arid saline regions like Pakistan and India, may provide California and Western U.S. growers with additional plant materials to evaluate Se removal by plant uptake in saline/Se contaminated soils. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Dyer, D AU - Ahmad, R AU - Ismail, S AU - Raut, R N AU - Dagar, J C AD - Water Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 530 EP - 534 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pakistan KW - selenium KW - agriculture KW - salinity KW - Brassica KW - bioaccumulation KW - India KW - soil remediation KW - USA, California KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16746284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=In+search+of+Brassica+germplasm+in+saline+semi-arid+and+arid+regions+of+India+and+Pakistan+for+reclamation+of+selenium-laden+soils+in+the+U.S.&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BDyer%2C+D%3BAhmad%2C+R%3BIsmail%2C+S%3BRaut%2C+R+N%3BDagar%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brassica; India; Pakistan; USA, California; soil remediation; selenium; salinity; agriculture; bioaccumulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding of flavonoids by polyvinylpolypyrrolidone AN - 16745563; 3521103 AB - A binding assay was developed with which to monitor the binding capacity of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) for individual flavonoids. The assay was conducted by shaking dilute solutions of flavonoid in suspensions of PVPP in methanol/10 mM citrate buffer (1:3) at pH 6.0. The molar ratio of PVPP/flavonoid was 100:1, based on the molecular weight of the monomer unit of PVPP. Binding was rapid, and it was observed that those compounds which possess the greater number of hydroxy groups generally bind most efficiently. When comparing flavonoids from different classes but with identical hydroxylation patterns, it was noted that flavones bind better than isoflavones, which in turn bind better than flavonones and dihydroflavonols. In light of the favorable stoichiometry and rates of binding, the incorporation of small quantities of PVPP into plant and microbial culture systems will be useful for serving to trap signal flavonoids which plants exude through their roots to communicate with microbes. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Doner, L W AU - Becard, G AU - Irwin, P L AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 753 EP - 757 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - polyvinylpolypyrrolidone KW - flavonoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - plants KW - binding KW - interaction KW - microorganisms KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Binding+of+flavonoids+by+polyvinylpolypyrrolidone&rft.au=Doner%2C+L+W%3BBecard%2C+G%3BIrwin%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Doner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants; microorganisms; interaction; binding ER - TY - CONF T1 - Agricultural sources and sinks of carbon AN - 16745457; 3523429 AB - Most existing agricultural lands have been in production for sufficiently long periods that C inputs and outputs are nearly balanced and they are neither a major source nor sink of atmospheric C. As population increases, food requirements and the need for more crop land increase accordingly. An annual conversion of previously uncultivated lands up to 1.5 x 10 super(7) hectares may be expected. It is this new agricultural land which suffers the greatest losses of C during and subsequent to its conversion. The primary focus for analysis of future C fluxes in agroecosystems needs to be on current changes in land use and management as well as on direct effects of CO sub(2) and climate change. A valid assessment of C pools and fluxes in agroecosystems requires a global soils data base and comprehensive information on land use and management practices. A comprehensive effort to assemble and analyze this information is urgently needed. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Cole, C AU - Flach, K AU - Lee, J AU - Sauerbeck, D AU - Stewart, B Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 111 EP - 122 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - carbon KW - carbon dioxide KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - climatic changes KW - carbon cycle KW - land use KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Agricultural+sources+and+sinks+of+carbon&rft.au=Cole%2C+C%3BFlach%2C+K%3BLee%2C+J%3BSauerbeck%2C+D%3BStewart%2C+B&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rust resistance in asparagus F sub(1) hybrid populations AN - 16745318; 3521213 AB - Rust severity was evaluated 3 yr in the field using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) to classify rust resistance in 10 asparagus F sub(1) hybrid populations derived from crosses among parents resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible to Puccinia asparagi. The effect of genotype on rust severity was highly significant, and progeny were continuously distributed from low to high AUDPC in all 10 populations, indicating quantitative inheritance. The estimate of heritability using regression of offspring on the male parent was 55%. Highly resistant parents from the cultivars Jersey Giant and Jersey Titan had significantly greater specific combining abilities than parents from moderately resistant or susceptible cultivars. Progeny means were significantly skewed toward low AUDPC values, suggesting dominant resistance. Transgressive segregation for resistance was not observed in populations from highly resistant parents, but it was observed in some populations from moderately resistant parents. JF - Plant Disease AU - Johnson, DA AU - Peaden, R N AD - Washington State Univ., USDA-ARS, Irrigated Agric. Res. Extension Cent., Prosser, WA 99350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1144 EP - 1148 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - hybrids KW - Puccinia asparagi KW - resistance KW - rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Rust+resistance+in+asparagus+F+sub%281%29+hybrid+populations&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DA%3BPeaden%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia asparagi; rust; resistance; hybrids; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with global occurrences of Septoria nodorum blotch and Septoria tritici blotch of wheat AN - 16745286; 3521202 AB - Changes in incidence and severity of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) and Septoria tritici blotch (STB) have been noted in recent years in several wheat-growing areas of the world. A questionnaire was designed to identify factors associated with occurrence and development of these diseases. The questionnaire was sent to Septoria workers worldwide, and 71 responses were received and analyzed. The most important factors found relating to disease occurrence were: 1) latitude, 2) non-growing season precipitation, 3) growing season precipitation, 4) application of phosphorus, and 5) frequency of minimum or reduced tillage. Latitude effects were in agreement with general observations of SNB and STB occurrence. Also, growing season precipitation was important with regard to occurrence and severity of these diseases. Influential factors that were not expected were non-growing season precipitation and application of phosphorus fertilizer. Additionally, reduced or minimum tillage was shown to be negatively associated with disease levels, an effect opposite to that reported for other pathosystems under long-term controlled conditions. The study demonstrated the need for further investigation by a multidisciplinary team of scientists under long-term controlled conditions in order to understand the unexpected results of our survey. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leath, S AU - Scharen, AL AU - Dietz-Holmes, ME AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1266 EP - 1270 VL - 77 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Septoria nodorum KW - Triticum aestivum KW - factors KW - Septoria tritici KW - blotch KW - world KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+global+occurrences+of+Septoria+nodorum+blotch+and+Septoria+tritici+blotch+of+wheat&rft.au=Leath%2C+S%3BScharen%2C+AL%3BDietz-Holmes%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Leath&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Septoria nodorum; Septoria tritici; blotch; factors; world ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling erosion and sediment loss from furrow-irrigated cropland AN - 16744419; 3511088 AB - Irrigation-induced erosion and subsequent sediment loss is a serious agricultural and environmental problem. Recent recognition of this problem has stimulated the development and evaluation of erosion and sediment-loss-control technology. Research results indicate that the application of the technology available today can reduce sediment loss by 70-100%. Important practices include irrigation-water management, sediment-retention basins, buried-pipe tailwater-control systems, vegetative filter strips, tailwater-recovery systems, keeping crop residues on the soil surface and in furrows, and implementing conservation tillage practices. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Carter, D L AU - Brockway, CE AU - Tanji, K K AD - USDA Agric. Res. Service, Soil and Water Manage. Unit, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 975 EP - 988 VL - 119 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - erosion control KW - sediment erosion KW - agriculture KW - irrigation effects KW - irrigation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Controlling+erosion+and+sediment+loss+from+furrow-irrigated+cropland&rft.au=Carter%2C+D+L%3BBrockway%2C+CE%3BTanji%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; irrigation; agriculture; sediment erosion; erosion control; irrigation effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of alachlor by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans AN - 16744108; 3521000 AB - The fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 transformed 98.6% of [ super(14)C]alachlor [2-chloro-N-methoxymethyl N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide] added to Sabouraud's dextrose broth to four metabolites within 96 h. Metabolism occurred predominantly by benzylic hydroxylation of one of the arylethyl side chains. Metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by super(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV, and mass spectral techniques. Two major metabolites were isomers of 2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl) N-[2-ethyl-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl] acetamide and another was 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide; the minor metabolite was 2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl) N-(2-vinyl-6-ethylphenyl) acetamide. The fungal transformations appear to be similar to those of mammalian microsomal oxidation since C. elegans oxidized alachlor at the benzylic positions and N-dealkylation occurred. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Freeman, J P AU - Evans, F E AU - Moorman, T B AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 483 EP - 488 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alachlor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - metabolism KW - herbicides KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+alachlor+by+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism; herbicides; Cunninghamella elegans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between evaporative fraction and remotely sensed vegetation index and microwave brightness temperature for semiarid rangelands AN - 16744041; 3515137 AB - Measurements of the microwave brightness temperature (TB) with the Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) over the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed were made on selected days during the MONSOON 90 field campaign. The PBMR is an L-band instrument (21-cm wavelength) that can provide estimates of near-surface soil moisture over a variety of surfaces. Aircraft observations in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths collected on selected days also were used to compute a vegetation index. Continuous micrometeorological measurements and daily soil moisture samples were obtained at eight locations during the experimental period. Two sites were instrumented with time domain reflectometry probes to monitor the soil moisture profile. The fraction of available energy used for evapotranspiration was computed by taking the ratio of latent heat flux (LE) to the sum of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G). This ratio is commonly called the evaporative fraction (EF) and normally varies between 0 and 1 under daytime convective conditions with minimal advection. A wide range of environmental conditions existed during the field campaign, resulting in average EF values for the study area varying from 0.4 to 0.8 and values of TB ranging from 220 to 280 K. Comparison between measured TB and EF for the eight locations showed an inverse relationship with a significant correlation (r super(2) = 0.69). Other days were included in the analysis by estimating TB with the soil moisture data. Because transpiration from the vegetation is more strongly coupled to root zone soil moisture, significant scatter in this relationship existed at high values of TB or dry near-surface soil moisture conditions. It caused a substantial reduction in the correlation with r super(2) = 0.40 or only 40% of the variation in EF being explained by TB. The variation in EF under dry near-surface soil moisture conditions was correlated to the amount of vegetation cover estimated with a remotely sensed vegetation index. These findings indicate that information obtained from optical and microwave data can be used for quantifying the energy balance of semiarid areas. The microwave data can indicate when soil evaporation is significantly contributing to EF, while the optical data is helpful for quantifying the spatial variation in EF due to the distribution of vegetation cover. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Kustas, W P AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Humes, K S AU - Jackson, T J AU - Parry, R AU - Weltz, MA AU - Moran AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent. West, Build. 007, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1781 EP - 1790 VL - 32 IS - 12 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer KW - Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - mechanical equipment KW - research facilities KW - arid lands KW - vegetation KW - radiometry KW - evapotranspiration KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+evaporative+fraction+and+remotely+sensed+vegetation+index+and+microwave+brightness+temperature+for+semiarid+rangelands&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BHumes%2C+K+S%3BJackson%2C+T+J%3BParry%2C+R%3BWeltz%2C+MA%3BMoran&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radiometry; research facilities; mechanical equipment; remote sensing; soil water; evapotranspiration; arid lands; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 sorbitol-positive mutant AN - 16744036; 3520968 AB - Virulence and pathogenicity of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 sorbitol-positive mutant were investigated with an infant rabbit animal model as well as a battery of in vitro assays. Total cell lysate protein profiles, outer membrane protein profiles, plasmid profiles, and levels of cytotoxic activity against Vero cells were similar in the wild-type and mutant strains. Both adhered to intestinal epithelial cells in culture and reacted with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antiserum against E. coli O157:H7. The mutant appeared to be similar to the wild type in all respects except in its ability to ferment sorbitol. [ super(14)C]sorbitol uptake and sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were notably increased in the mutant strain. Diarrhea developed in rabbits administered the wild-type strain and in those fed the sorbitol-positive mutant. There was greater bacterial attachment and mucosal damage in the cecum and large intestine than in the small intestine. Scanning electron microscopy revealed bacteria adhering as single cells and as aggregates closely associated with mucus. Mucosal lesions consisted of areas of tissue necrosis with sloughing of epithelial cells. By transmission electron microscopy, electron-dense necrotic epithelial cells were visible in areas where bacteria were present, and epithelial cell debris containing bacteria was observed between the villar luminal surfaces. Light microscopy of epithelial cells of intestinal sections of infected rabbits revealed noticeable vacuolation and spherical, pyknotic nuclei. These data indicate that the sorbitol-negative phenotype is not associated with the pathogenicity of E. coli O157:H7. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Cooke, PH AD - Microb. Food Safety Res. Unit, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4245 EP - 4252 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Escherichia coli KW - animal models KW - virulence KW - electron microscopy KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+an+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+sorbitol-positive+mutant&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L%3BCooke%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; virulence; animal models; electron microscopy; gastrointestinal tract diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycopesticides: Status, challenges and potential AN - 16742878; 3521942 AB - Fungi figure prominently among potential biocontrol agents of major agricultural pests, including weeds and insects. Fungi are among the most important pathogens of plants, and insect pathogenic fungi have long been of interest because of their unique mode of infection and their ability to create epizootics. Despite the fact that mycopesticides have a long experimental history, they have enjoyed only limited commercial success to date. Naturally occurring fungi are considered to be relatively slow acting and unreliable as biocontrol agents. Current research into mass production and formulation problems may provide additional mycopesticides during the current decade. The long-range potential of these biocontrol agents will depend upon the success of new screening programmes, as well as basic research into the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AU - Alexander, N J AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Utlization Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - screening KW - fungi KW - agricultural practices KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - research programs KW - pesticides KW - host-pathogen interactions KW - screening projects KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Insecta KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Mycopesticides%3A+Status%2C+challenges+and+potential&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C%3BAlexander%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - screening; biological control; agricultural practices; fungi; weed control; research programs; pesticides; screening projects; host-pathogen interactions; entomopathogenic fungi; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Furrow irrigation erosion lowers soil productivity AN - 16742673; 3511094 AB - Recent research efforts have shown that soil erosion decreases soil productivity. Erosion-caused crop production decreases of 15-40% are commonly reported with some values over 50%. Furrow erosion on irrigated land in Idaho decreases topsoil depth on the upslope approximately 33% of the field area and may increase topsoil depth on the downslope 50-55%. Crop yields are generally decreased where topsoil depths are decreased, but yields are not generally increased where topsoil depths are increased beyond a critical depth. Crops vary in their sensitivity to decreases in topsoil depth, but all crops studied exhibited lower yields on the eroded areas. Soil productivity potential of one area representing several million ha of furrow irrigated land was reduced at least 25% by furrow erosion over 80 irrigation seasons. Technology is not available to restore soil productivity potential to the level that would exist had there been no erosion except for returning topsoil to eroded areas. Research and technology applications are needed to reduce or eliminate topsoil loss and redistribution by irrigation erosion. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Carter, D L AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 964 EP - 974 VL - 119 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - crop yields KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Idaho KW - agriculture KW - soil conservation KW - soil erosion KW - irrigation design KW - irrigation KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Furrow+irrigation+erosion+lowers+soil+productivity&rft.au=Carter%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation; irrigation design; soil erosion; agriculture; soil conservation; USA, Idaho ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence, distribution, and pathogenicity of the cowpea root and stem rot pathogen, Phytophthora vignae, in soils of Sri Lanka AN - 16742164; 3521196 AB - A Phytophthora sp. isolated from stem and root lesions of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata 'California Blackeye') grown in a mixture of riverbank and forest soils in containers under greenhouse conditions was identified as P. vignae based on morphological characters and pathogenicity tests. P. vignae was isolated from soils in three of five cowpea-growing districts of Sri Lanka by baiting with plants of the susceptible cowpea cultivar California Blackeye or by floating disks of tea leaves over soil. However, the root and stem disease was apparent at only one site, suggesting that some field soils might be suppressive. Among the 25 field soils tested, the disease potential index varied from 0 in many fields to 16 in one field. Among the cowpea cultivars grown in Sri Lanka, MI-35, ETA, Muttessa, and Sudumung were most resistant. The U.S. cultivars Mississippi Purple, Purple Hulk, and Hercules were resistant to most isolates but susceptible to three-P006, P007, and P009. The morphological characters and pathogenicity of these three isolates on the U.S. cultivars differed from those of the other isolates, suggesting they were of a different race(s). No other legume tested-Vigna radiata (green gram), V. mungo (black gram), Phaseolus vulgaris (cvs. Top Crop, French Bean, and Kentucky Wonder), Glycine max (soybean), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Mucuna pruriens (velvetbean), and Lanka kadala-was susceptible to the cowpea pathogen. JF - Plant Disease AU - Dilantha Fernando, WG AU - Linderman, R G AD - Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Oregon State Univ., USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97330 USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1158 EP - 1164 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Phytophthora vignae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - roots KW - pathogenicity KW - Sri Lanka KW - Vigna unguiculata KW - resistance KW - stems KW - soil KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence%2C+distribution%2C+and+pathogenicity+of+the+cowpea+root+and+stem+rot+pathogen%2C+Phytophthora+vignae%2C+in+soils+of+Sri+Lanka&rft.au=Dilantha+Fernando%2C+WG%3BLinderman%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Dilantha+Fernando&rft.aufirst=WG&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vigna unguiculata; Sri Lanka; stems; roots; soil; pathogenicity; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stagewise mortality, ovipositional biology, and egg viability of Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) on Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) AN - 16741842; 3516083 AB - The stagewise mortality, ovipositional biology, and egg viability of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), on nilgai antelope, Boselaphus tragocamelus Pallas, was compared with ticks reared on Bos taurus (Hereford) cattle. Mortality was highest during the larval stage on both host species, but larval mortality on nilgai (78.6%) was significantly higher than on cattle (45.6%) hosts. Mortality during the nymphal stage was also significantly higher on nilgai (49.3%) than on cattle (13.9%). During adult female development although the mortality rate on nilgai was 40.9% compared with no mortality of females on cattle, this difference was not significant. Significantly fewer ticks reached repletion on nilgai (4.0 females per animal) than on cattle (48.5 females per animal). The mean female weight and egg mass weight of ticks obtained from cattle were significantly higher than ticks produced from nilgai. On the other hand, no differences in mean conversion efficiency index (CEI), preoviposition period, incubation period, or egg hatch were observed among ticks obtained from the two host animals. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Davey, R B AD - Cattle Fever Tick Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, SPA, P. O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 997 EP - 1002 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Bosephalus tragocamelus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Boophilus annulatus KW - parasites KW - Ixodidae KW - eggs KW - mortality KW - oviposition KW - survival KW - Acari KW - Z 05202:Parasitism: non-entomophagous KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Stagewise+mortality%2C+ovipositional+biology%2C+and+egg+viability+of+Boophilus+annulatus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+on+Boselaphus+tragocamelus+%28Artiodactyla%3A+Bovidae%29&rft.au=Davey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boophilus annulatus; Ixodidae; Acari; eggs; survival; mortality; oviposition; parasites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silviculture and new forestry in the Pacific Northwest AN - 16741815; 3722247 JF - Journal of Forestry AU - DeBell, D S AU - Curtis, RO AD - Silvic. Team, Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Olympia, WA 98512-9193, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 30 VL - 91 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - silviculture KW - USA, Washington KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - USA, Oregon KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Silviculture+and+new+forestry+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=DeBell%2C+D+S%3BCurtis%2C+RO&rft.aulast=DeBell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Oregon; USA, Washington; silviculture; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of habitat, season, and attractant on adult behavior of the screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a tropical dry zone in Costa Rica AN - 16741517; 3516050 AB - Influence of attractant, season, habitat, temperature, and physiological state of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), on daily activity and oviposition were examined during a 122 d study in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Flies were marked and released. Numbers of flies visiting baits increased during the wet season and decreased during the dry season; 3 times more flies were observed at baits during the wet season than were observed during the dry season. An average of 33 females and 3 males was observed per day during the study. More flies (3.6 times) were attracted to liver than to sentinel sheep; many flies originally marked at liver failed to return and few of them oviposited on sentinel sheep. Females marked at sheep were recaptured more times and remained in the study area longer. More females marked at sheep sites were recaptured (51.4-54.1%) than those marked at liver sites (32.3-44.7). More than 6 times as many flies were observed at forest than at pasture sites. The physiological state of the female influenced daily activity. High temperatures during midday (>31 degree C) depressed activity and decreased the number of foraging hours available for flies during the dry season. Decreasing host resources and number of hours available for foraging may be factors that limit screwworm populations in the dry season. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Parker, F D AU - Welch, J B AU - Matlock, RB Jr AD - Screwworm Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, San Jose, Costa Rica Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1359 EP - 1375 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - Costa Rica KW - arid environments KW - attractants KW - activity patterns KW - habitat KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - adults KW - seasonal variations KW - Diptera KW - Calliphoridae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+habitat%2C+season%2C+and+attractant+on+adult+behavior+of+the+screwworm+%28Diptera%3A+Calliphoridae%29+in+a+tropical+dry+zone+in+Costa+Rica&rft.au=Parker%2C+F+D%3BWelch%2C+J+B%3BMatlock%2C+RB+Jr&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliomyia hominivorax; Calliphoridae; Diptera; Costa Rica; habitat; seasonal variations; attractants; activity patterns; adults; tropical environment; arid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of aerobactin biosynthesis genes of the biological control agent Enterobacter cloacae AN - 16741360; 3516735 AB - Five strains of Enterobacter cloacae that are biological control agents of Pythium damping-off diseases produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. Genes determining aerobactin biosynthesis of the biocontrol strain E. cloacae EcCT-501 were localized to a 12.3-kb region, which conferred aerobactin production to Escherichia coli DH5 alpha . The aerobactin biosynthesis genes of E. cloacae hybridized to those of the pColV-K30 plasmid of E. coli, but restriction patterns of the aerobactin regions of pCoIV-K30 and E. cloacae differed. A derivative strain with a deletion in the aerobactin biosynthesis locus was as effective as strain EcCT-501 in biological control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber. Thus, aerobactin production did not contribute significantly to the biological control activity of EcCT-501 under the conditions of this study. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Loper, JE AU - Ishimaru, CA AU - Carnegie AU - Vanavichit, A AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4189 EP - 4197 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - aerobactin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - biological control KW - cloning KW - genes KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+aerobactin+biosynthesis+genes+of+the+biological+control+agent+Enterobacter+cloacae&rft.au=Loper%2C+JE%3BIshimaru%2C+CA%3BCarnegie%3BVanavichit%2C+A&rft.aulast=Loper&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; cloning; genes; Enterobacter cloacae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solutions for non-equilibrium solute transport in three-dimensional porous media AN - 16740850; 3521262 AB - The movement of water and chemicals in soils is generally better described with multidimensional non-equilibrium models than with more commonly used one-dimensional and/or equilibrium models. This paper presents analytical solutions for non-equilibrium solute transport in semi-infinite porous media during steady unidirectional flow. The solutions can be used to model transport in porous media where the liquid phase consists of a mobile and an immobile region (physical non-equilibrium) or where solute sorption is governed by either an equilibrium or a first-order rate process (chemical non-equilibrium). The transport equation incorporates terms accounting for advection, dispersion, zero-order production, and first-order decay. General solutions were derived for the boundary, initial, and production value problems with the help of Laplace and Fourier transforms. A comprehensive set of specific solutions is presented using Dirac functions for the input and initial distribution, and/or Heaviside or exponential functions for the input, initial, and production profiles. A rectangular or circular inflow area was specified for the boundary value problem while for the initial and production value problems the respective initial and production profiles were located in parallelepipedal, cylindrical, or spherical regions of the soil. Solutions are given for both the volume-averaged or resident concentration as well as the flux-averaged or flowing concentration. Examples of concentration profiles versus time and position are presented for selected problems. Results show that the effects of non-equilibrium on three-dimensional transport are very similar to those for one-dimensional transport. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Leij, F J AU - Toride, N AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 193 EP - 228 VL - 151 IS - 2-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - solute transport KW - soil water KW - sorption KW - model studies KW - porous media KW - advection KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Analytical+solutions+for+non-equilibrium+solute+transport+in+three-dimensional+porous+media&rft.au=Leij%2C+F+J%3BToride%2C+N%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Leij&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=2-4&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; solute transport; porous media; model studies; sorption; advection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oviposition preference of darkwinged fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) among Trifolium species AN - 16740794; 3516049 AB - We examined the oviposition preference of darkwinged fungus gnats, Bradysia spp., on 14 Trifolium cultivars representing seven species and seedling mortality following fungus gnat larval feeding. Variation in fungus gnat oviposition preference was detected for interspecific Trifolium cultivars but not for intraspecific cultivars. In a replicated free-choice greenhouse test, subterranean clover, T. subterraneum L., was preferred significantly over other tested species, followed by crimson clover, T. incarnatum L.; arrowleaf clover, T. vesiculosum Savi; red clover, T. pratense L.; kura clover, T. ambiguum Bieb.; white clover, T. repens L.; and ball clover, T. nigrescens Viv. All Trifolium species were susceptible to feeding by fungus gnat larvae; we have also observed the death of 20 white clover seedlings by as few as six fungus gnat larvae. Fungus gnats may pose a serious threat to cool-season pasture legumes. Field surveys and population studies are needed to determine the importance of fungus gnat feeding in reducing the pasture persistence of cool- and warm-season forage legumes. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Springer, T L AU - Carlton, CE AD - South Cent. Family Farm Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Rt 2, Box 144-A, Booneville, AR 72927, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1420 EP - 1423 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Sciaridae KW - host preferences KW - host plants KW - Bradysia KW - Trifolium KW - oviposition KW - Diptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Oviposition+preference+of+darkwinged+fungus+gnats+%28Diptera%3A+Sciaridae%29+among+Trifolium+species&rft.au=Springer%2C+T+L%3BCarlton%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Springer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium; Bradysia; Sciaridae; Diptera; oviposition; host preferences; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of sugarcane relatives injected with Ustilago scitaminea AN - 16740687; 3521206 AB - We evaluated the resistance of 102 clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) relatives to Ustilago scitaminea causal agent of sugarcane smut, in two greenhouse experiments. Relatives included Erianthus spp. section Ripidium, S. barberi/S. sinense, S. officinarum, S. robustum, S. spontaneum, and Saccharum interspecific hybrids (cultivars). Clones of Erianthus spp. section Ripidium were the most resistant and clones of S. officinarum and S. robustum were the most susceptible of the six taxonomic groups included in the first experiment. Clones in the second experiment, predominantly S. spontaneum from recent germ plasm collection expeditions, were assigned to one of three groups depending on their geographic origin. Clones from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines had means of 1, 37, and 51% infection, respectively. Exotic, smut-resistant clones will be crossed with elite clones to enhance smut resistance in Louisiana sugarcane germ plasm. JF - Plant Disease AU - Burner, D M AU - Grisham, M P AU - Legendre, B L AD - USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Res. Unit, Houma, LA 70361-0470, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1221 EP - 1223 VL - 77 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ustilago scitaminea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Saccharum KW - germplasm KW - geographical distribution KW - resistance KW - smut KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+sugarcane+relatives+injected+with+Ustilago+scitaminea&rft.au=Burner%2C+D+M%3BGrisham%2C+M+P%3BLegendre%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Burner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharum; resistance; geographical distribution; smut; germplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of strains in the aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism strain cluster by serological assay with monoclonal antibodies AN - 16740425; 3521090 AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the tomato big bud (BB) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), a member of the aster yellows (AY) MLO strain cluster, were employed in dot immunobinding assays. The MAbs reacted only with strains in the AY MLO cluster, and not with any of several other MLOs not affiliated with the AY MLO strain cluster. However, reactions with MLOs in the AY cluster varied by strain. All MAbs reacted with BB and several MLO strains previously termed "aster yellows," including NAY (eastern AY), OKAY1 (Oklahoma strain), NJAY (New Jersey strain), and AY27 (Alberta strain); but none of the MAbs reacted with certain other strains of AY MLO, including strains termed SAY3 (western AY), OKAY3 (Oklahoma strain), NYAY (New York strain), and MNAY (Minnesota strain). Thus, the BB MLO-MAbs distinguished a group of interrelated MLO strains within the AY MLO strain cluster. This serogroup corresponds to the type I subcluster in the AY MLO strain cluster, previously identified on the basis of nucleic acid dot hybridizations and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lee, I-M AU - Davis, R E AU - Hsu, H-T AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 815 EP - 817 VL - 77 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Catharanthus roseus KW - yellows KW - differentiation KW - strains KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - serological tests KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+strains+in+the+aster+yellows+mycoplasmalike+organism+strain+cluster+by+serological+assay+with+monoclonal+antibodies&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BHsu%2C+H-T&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - yellows; differentiation; strains; serological tests; mycoplasma-like organisms; monoclonal antibodies; Catharanthus roseus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Botcinolide: A biologically active natural product from Botrytis cinerea AN - 16740040; 3723634 AB - A novel biologically active natural product was isolated from a strain of Botrytis cinerea found on cultivated raspberry fruit (Rubus ideaus) upon fermentation in a liquid medium. Following a bioassay-directed purification process, the final product was an amorphous solid with the molecular formula C sub(20)H sub(34)O sub(8), and is trivially named botcinolide. It significantly inhibited etiolated wheat coleoptile growth at 10 super(-3) and 10 super(-4)M by 100 and 82% respectively, relative to the controls. Greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants were affected by treating with botcinolide, and exhibited chlorosis and severe necrosis at 10 super(-2) and 10 super(-3) M. The structure is a new hydroxylated nonalactone that is esterified with 4-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid. (DBO) JF - Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry AU - Cutler, H AU - Jacyno, J M AU - Harwood, J S AU - Dulik, D AU - Goodrich, P D AU - Roberts, R G AD - USDA, ARS, Richard B. Russell Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1980 EP - 1982 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0916-8451, 0916-8451 KW - Botyris cinerea KW - botcinolide KW - Rubus ideaus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Zea mays KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - A 01030:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Botcinolide%3A+A+biologically+active+natural+product+from+Botrytis+cinerea&rft.au=Cutler%2C+H%3BJacyno%2C+J+M%3BHarwood%2C+J+S%3BDulik%2C+D%3BGoodrich%2C+P+D%3BRoberts%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=09168451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Nicotiana tabacum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipoxygenase-derived aldehydes inhibit fungi pathogenic on soybean AN - 16739824; 3521052 AB - Several unsaturated aldehydes are produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids via the lipoxygenase pathway when soybean (Glycine max) plants are wounded mechanically or by pathogens. The effects of four of these aldehydes were examined on the growth of isolated fungal cultures of Colletotrichum truncatum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii. (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-nonenal, and (Z)-3-nonenal inhibited the growth of R. solani and S. rolfsii at 35 mu mol added per liter or greater when applied as volatiles, although higher levels were required for inhibition of C. truncatum. (E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal was the most inhibitory compound when applied directly in the growth medium, but it had the least effect as a volatile. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Gardner, H W AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., Bioactive Const. Res. Phytoprod. Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2337 EP - 2345 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - aldehydes KW - lipoxygenase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - fungicides KW - Glycine max KW - fungicidal activity KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Lipoxygenase-derived+aldehydes+inhibit+fungi+pathogenic+on+soybean&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BGardner%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; disease resistance; fungicidal activity; fungicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of polygyne and monogyne fire ant populations (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis invicta) in the United States AN - 16739299; 3516055 AB - Over the past decade, polygyne red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) have been found at more and more sites across the southeastern United States. The objective of my study was to determine if polygyne (multiple-queen) populations are expanding and at what rate this might be occurring. More than 200 sites were inspected for polygyny in Florida and several other southeastern states. These sites were reinspected 1-3 yr later. Results showed that polygyne populations were not expanding rapidly in the areas studied (i.e., >4-6% per yr); however, more data will be needed to determine if polygyne populations are expanding slowly (i.e., 1-2% per yr). Overall, polygyne and monogyne sites were about 95% stable from year to year; in other words, they did not commonly switch back and forth from one form to the other. As expected, average mound densities in the Florida survey (62 sites) remained relatively constant from 1990 to 1992. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Porter, S D AD - Med. & Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1344 EP - 1347 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Formicidae KW - introduced species KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - USA KW - queens KW - Hymenoptera KW - polygyny KW - population status KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Stability+of+polygyne+and+monogyne+fire+ant+populations+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%3A+Solenopsis+invicta%29+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; USA; population status; polygyny; queens; introduced species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal tremorgens AN - 16739216; 3521362 AB - Fungi capable of producing tremorgenic secondary metabolites represent species from taxonomically diverse and unrelated groups. These fungi are capable of contaminating a variety of agricultural commodities such as faragas, corn, silage, etc. Various animal diseases suspected or known to be caused by fungal tremorgens are paspalum staggers, ryegrass staggers, corn staggers, and Bermuda grass tremors. Other syndromes with probable involvement of fungal tremorgens were associated with corn silage contaminated with Aspergillus fumigatus and beer, cream cheese, a hamburger, and walnuts contaminated with Penicillium crustosum. The tremorgens involved in these syndromes (with the exception of the moldy silage) although produced by diversely unrelated fungi, contain the same basis biologically active chemical nucleus derived from geranylgeraniol and tryptophan. In some cases, such as A. flavus and Claviceps paspali, the tremorgens appear to be associated exclusively with the sclerotial stage (ergot). JF - Prikladnaia Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia AU - Cole, R J AD - USDA/ARS, Natl. Peanut Res. Lab., Dawson, GA 31742, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 44 EP - 50 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0555-1099, 0555-1099 KW - tremorgens KW - Penicillium crustosum KW - Claviceps paspali KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - fungi KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - grain KW - contamination KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.atitle=Fungal+tremorgens&rft.au=Cole%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Russian DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus fumigatus; fungi; grain; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life history of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae), with emphasis on performance at high temperatures AN - 16739007; 3516072 AB - Selected life history characteristics of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja, a newly imported egg parasitoid of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were studied at constant and fluctuating temperatures, with emphasis on high temperatures typical of desert cotton production areas in Arizona and southern California. Developmental times from egg to adult ranged from 11 to just over 7 d at mean temperatures of 22.5 and 29.5 degree C, respectively. Development was delayed under fluctuating temperatures with maximums greater than or equal to 33.5 degree C. Survivorship was >90% under all but a fluctuating 25/40 degree C regime. Similar results were found for Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, an established species in the southwestern United States. Mean female longevity of T. bactrae adults ranged from 138 h at a constant 15 degree C to 1.5 h at 40 degree C. Mean fecundity peaked at 25 degree C (55 progeny per female), but modest fecundity (14-23 progeny per female) was maintained at temperatures from 30-35 degree C. The majority of eggs oviposited by newly emerged adults within the first 24 h of exposure to hosts were laid in the first 3 h and >90% were laid within 12 h. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1051 EP - 1059 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Trichogrammatoidea bactrae KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Gelechiidae KW - life history KW - parasitoids KW - Lepidoptera KW - eggs KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Life+history+of+Trichogrammatoidea+bactrae+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Trichogrammatidae%29%2C+an+egg+parasitoid+of+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3B+Gelechiidae%29%2C+with+emphasis+on+performance+at+high+temperatures&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectinophora gossypiella; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera; Hymenoptera; life history; parasitoids; eggs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of larval density and temperature in poultry manure on development of the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) AN - 16738958; 3516057 AB - Median development rates of larvae (LDR) and pupae (PDR) of wild house fly, Musca domestica L., were measured by rearing larvae in poultry manure at 12.4, 17.3, 23.1, 32.0, and 38.9 degree C at densities of 1, 2.5, and 5 larvae per g of manure, and by rearing pupae at 13.7, 17.1, 23.0, 31.8, and 37.0 degree C. Manure temperature, larval density, and their interaction significantly influenced median LDR (range, 0.0477-0.1667). Larval survival was affected by density and manure temperature. Median PDR (range, 0.0417-0.2916) and survival in pupae was a response to air temperature but not the level of crowding preceding pupation. Predicted development rates correlated with observed rates for each larval density (R super(2) = 0.964, 0.958, and 0.979 for 1, 2.5, and 5 larvae per g manure, respectively) and for pupae (R super(2) = 0.999). However, these rates differed by 3-16% among larval densities within temperature which corresponded to variations in development time of 0.5-3.8 d. The relationship between cumulative numbers of larval-pupal transitions and the physiological age of flies was influenced at the 5th and 25th percentiles of the population by larval density and at the 75th and 95th percentiles by larval density and manure temperature. The relationship for pupal-adult transitions was influenced only by air temperature. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Barnard AU - Geden, C J AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 971 EP - 977 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Musca domestica KW - poultry KW - manure KW - population density KW - development KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16738958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+larval+density+and+temperature+in+poultry+manure+on+development+of+the+house+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29&rft.au=Barnard%3BGeden%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Musca domestica; Muscidae; Diptera; development; population density; manure; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of genetic maps for two Leptospira interrogans serovars provides evidence for two chromosomes and intraspecies heterogeneity AN - 16737218; 3513235 AB - Genetic maps were constructed for Leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona. Previously we independently constructed physical maps of the genomes for these two serovars. The genomes of both serovars consist of a large replicon (4.4 to 4.6 Mb) and a small replicon (350 kb). Genes were localized on the physical maps by using Southern blot analysis with specific probes. Among the probes used were genes encoding a variety of essential enzymes and genes usually found near bacterial chromosomal replication origins. Most of the essential genes are on the larger replicon of each serovar. However, the smaller replicons of both serovars contain the asd gene. The asd gene encodes aspartate beta -semialdehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme essential in amino acid and cell wall biosyntheses. The finding that both L. interrogans replicons contain essential genes suggests that both replicons are chromosomes. Comparison of the genetic maps of the larger replicons of the two serovars showed evidence of large rearrangements. These data show that there is considerable intraspecies heterogeneity in L. interrogans. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Herrmann, J L AU - Saint-Girons, I AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5445 EP - 5451 VL - 175 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gene mapping KW - probes KW - chromosomes KW - Leptospira interrogans KW - DNA KW - heterogeneity KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16737218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+genetic+maps+for+two+Leptospira+interrogans+serovars+provides+evidence+for+two+chromosomes+and+intraspecies+heterogeneity&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BHerrmann%2C+J+L%3BSaint-Girons%2C+I&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira interrogans; gene mapping; probes; heterogeneity; DNA; chromosomes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fecundity and oviposition in laboratory colonies of the screwworm fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) AN - 16735592; 3516051 AB - The screwworm fly is mass-produced using an artificial larval diet and an artificial oviposition substrate. On the artificial diet, mean fecundity was 185 eggs per female, whereas host-reared flies averaged 280 eggs per female. Host-reared flies were generally larger (head capsule width [HCW] > 3.6 mm) than laboratory-reared flies (HCW < 3.6 mm). Larger flies are generally more fecund, and size is related to larval nutrition. Only 75-89% of females reared on artificial diet and maintained at 30 degree C were gravid at 6 d of age compared with 100% of host-reared females tested at 5-6 d. When gravid females were offered artificial substrate for oviposition, ) 28% failed to oviposit and another 11% laid only partial clutches. Among all females tested for oviposition, 25% of the total egg production was withheld. Fecundity influenced oviposition, because the more mature eggs a female had, the more likely she was to oviposit. Supplementing the adult diet of honey and water with raw meat increased fecundity by 14% under normal laboratory conditions, but by as much as 350% in flies in which larval feeding was curtailed by removal of the larvae from the media 1 d before the normal completion of development. Many females became gravid in 4-5 d at 30 degree C versus 8-9 d at 22 degree C. But fecundity and oviposition rate were more variable (less synchronous) in colonies maintained at the higher temperature. This suggests that there may be greater selection for laboratory adaptation at the higher maintenance temperatures. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Thomas, D B AD - Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1464 EP - 1472 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - colonies KW - fecundity KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - oviposition KW - laboratories KW - Diptera KW - Calliphoridae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16735592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Fecundity+and+oviposition+in+laboratory+colonies+of+the+screwworm+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Calliphoridae%29&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliomyia hominivorax; Calliphoridae; Diptera; colonies; laboratories; fecundity; oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insect ecology AN - 16735392; 3720031 JF - Annual Review of Entomology. Vol. 38, pp. 303-327. 1993. AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Rossi, R E AU - Kemp, W P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 303 EP - 327 VL - 38 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - geographic information systems KW - population ecology KW - landscape KW - Insecta KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16735392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Ecology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+AM%3BRossi%2C+R+E%3BKemp%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=0824301382&rft.btitle=Geostatistics+and+geographic+information+systems+in+applied+insect+ecology&rft.title=Geostatistics+and+geographic+information+systems+in+applied+insect+ecology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; geographic information systems; reviews; population ecology; landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergot and other alkaloids associated with toxic syndromes in livestock on endophyte-infected grasses AN - 16734326; 3521361 AB - Different signs of ergotism in livestock associated with animals consuming feed grains and pasture grasses infected by Clavicipitaceae (e.g. Balansia spp. and Acremonium spp.) have been considered. Endophyte-infected tall fescue causes the damage to livestock, and its toxicity and ryegrass in livestock are associated with ergopeptide alkaloid ergovaline and indole-isoprenoid lolitrems produced by A. coenophialum and A. lolii. The role of another compound attendant to endophyte-infected fescue such as peramine and loline alkaloid is discussed. Concentration of alkaloids depends upon the season and the period of growing plant-host. The advantages and the problems of endophyte-grass mutualistic symbiosis in pasture conditions are considered. The perspective of genetic manipulation of grass and fungus to produce endophyte-infected grasses with stress and insect deterrences without affecting ruminant health. JF - Prikladnaia Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia AU - Porter, J K AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, Athens GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0555-1099, 0555-1099 KW - alkaloids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - feeds KW - Balansia KW - endophytes KW - ergot KW - livestock KW - Clavicipitaceae KW - toxicity KW - Acremonium KW - contamination KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16734326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.atitle=Ergot+and+other+alkaloids+associated+with+toxic+syndromes+in+livestock+on+endophyte-infected+grasses&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Russian DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clavicipitaceae; Acremonium; Balansia; ergot; toxicity; livestock; feeds; contamination; endophytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superparasitism and mutual interference in the egg parasitoid Anagrus delicatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) AN - 16732065; 3516581 AB - In nature, interference among Anagrus delicatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitoids reduced the per-capita number of hosts parasitized. Interference increased with parasitoid density. Anagrus delicatus did not avoid parasitizing hosts that had recently been parasitized by conspecific wasps. Evidence indicated that this superparasitism was largely a random process, increasing with the ratio of parasitized to unparasitized hosts. Individual parasitoid efficiency, the number of hosts killed per wasp per unit time, decreased with increasing wasp density. This occurred whether wasps searched the patch together (simultaneously) or one by one (sequentially), and was the result of an increase in time spent superparasitizing hosts at higher wasp density. This is known as indirect mutual interference. Increasing numbers of parasitoids together on the same patch caused a significant decline in the rate and per-capita number of hosts parasitized. However, there was not a correspondent decline in searching efficiency with increasing wasp density (i.e. no direct mutual interference). These forms of parasitoid density dependence should contribute to the stability of the host-parasitoid interaction. JF - Ecological Entomology AU - Cronin, J T AU - Strong AD - Forest Insect. Res., USDA-Forest Serv., P.O. Box 5500, 2500 Shreveport Highw., Pineville, CA 71360, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 293 EP - 302 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0307-6946, 0307-6946 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mymaridae KW - Prokelisia marginata KW - density dependence KW - Hymenoptera KW - superparasitism KW - Delphacidae KW - Anagrus delicatus KW - interference KW - Homoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16732065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Entomology&rft.atitle=Superparasitism+and+mutual+interference+in+the+egg+parasitoid+Anagrus+delicatus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Mymaridae%29&rft.au=Cronin%2C+J+T%3BStrong&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Entomology&rft.issn=03076946&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prokelisia marginata; Homoptera; Delphacidae; Anagrus delicatus; Hymenoptera; Mymaridae; superparasitism; interference; density dependence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blue and red-light irradiance switching of nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded gene expression in Arabidopsis and Sorghum AN - 16731550; 3716063 AB - We have previously shown in maize chloroplasts an interaction between light quality and irradiance levels in control of the expression of genes associated with photosystem II, LHCP2 and psbA. Blue light decreased LHCP2 and increased psbA mRNA expression compared with red light of equal irradiance. Differences were irradiance related. Our present work examines irradiance and quality light regulation of LHCP2, psbA, rbcS, PEPCO and PPDK gene expression in two different species, Arabidopsis (C3) and Sorghum (C4) at different stages of development and shows that the blue light suppression of LHCP2 and enhancement of psbA gene expression also operates at 50 and 130 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1) total irradiance. It also shows that light quality effects on LHCP2 gene expression are dependent on the stage of development but those on psbA are not. Sequential light quality experiments indicate that chloroplast gene expression is plastic and responsive to the immediate environment. Switching effects of blue in red light during development in light mixtures with a constant irradiance (50 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1)) are blue light irradiance regulated. JF - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology AU - Eskins, K AU - Alexander, N AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., Phytoprod. Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 253 EP - 258 VL - 18 IS - 2-3 SN - 1011-1344, 1011-1344 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - radiation KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - gene expression KW - light KW - chloroplasts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16731550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Photochemistry+and+Photobiology+B%3A+Biology&rft.atitle=Blue+and+red-light+irradiance+switching+of+nuclear-+and+chloroplast-encoded+gene+expression+in+Arabidopsis+and+Sorghum&rft.au=Eskins%2C+K%3BAlexander%2C+N&rft.aulast=Eskins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Photochemistry+and+Photobiology+B%3A+Biology&rft.issn=10111344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radiation; gene expression; light; chloroplasts; Sorghum bicolor; Arabidopsis thaliana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of two methods for release of Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) to infect house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy farms AN - 16731538; 3516467 AB - Two methods for initiating epizootics of Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius in house fly, Musca domestica L., populations were evaluated on New York dairy farms. First, 500 fresh, laboratory-infected fly cadavers were placed weekly for 10 wk inside barns in areas of high fly activity. Second, 2,500 living, infected flies were released on each of two occasions spaced 3 wk apart. Releases were started in mid-Jun. Three farms were used for each treatment plus three control farms. The E. muscae used for the releases had been isolated from house flies collected from dairies the year before and had been maintained by continuous fly-to-fly passage. Prevalence rates on both types of E. muscae release farms were twice as high (23-28%) as on control farms (12%) in the weeks after the start of the releases. Releases were more effective on farms with high fly populations than on farms with fly populations. Examination of conidia indicated that the released strain (8-18 nuclei per conidium) became established as a result of the releases. Epizootics occurred on all farms, including controls, in Sep through Nov. Infections in the spring were exclusively with a strain of E. muscae with 2-8 nuclei per conidium; by fall, most infections (86-93%) were with a strain with 8-18 nuclei per conidium, even on control farms. Nuclear densities in the laboratory culture remained constant at 8-18 nuclei per conidium during this shift in wild infections. Neither of the E. muscae treatments significantly reduced fly populations. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Geden, C J AU - Steinkraus, D C AU - Rutz, DA AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1600 SW 23rd Dr., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1201 EP - 1208 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Musca domestica KW - biological control KW - environmental release KW - Entomophthora muscae KW - epizootics KW - pathogens KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01014:Others KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16731538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+two+methods+for+release+of+Entomophthora+muscae+%28Entomophthorales%3A+Entomophthoraceae%29+to+infect+house+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+on+dairy+farms&rft.au=Geden%2C+C+J%3BSteinkraus%2C+D+C%3BRutz%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Geden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental release; biological control; epizootics; pathogens; entomopathogenic fungi; Musca domestica; Entomophthora muscae; Muscidae; Diptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monoclonal antibody identifies 2134P fimbriae as adhesins on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from postweaning pigs AN - 16730744; 3515754 AB - Fimbriae (pili) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), including K88, K99, 987P, and F41, are adhesins that facilitate intestinal colonization in neonatal pigs. K88 is also associated with some ETEC isolated from weaned pigs. Many ETEC isolates from weaned pigs do not express known adhesins and are termed 4P super(-). A novel bacterial adhesin, 2134P, was recently identified on two 4P super(-) ETEC isolates from weaned pigs. In this study, we identified a 2134P-specific monoclonal antibody, mAb 6C7/C1, that blocked the binding of 2134P super(+) bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody and immunoperoxidase assays using mAb 6C7/Cl confirmed that the 2134P adhesin is expressed in vivo by adherent bacteria in pigs challenge-exposed with 2134P super(+) ETEC. 2134P was detected on 31% of 189 postweaning diarrhea 4P super(-) ETEC isolates from the National Animal Disease Center's culture collection by dot blot immunoperoxidase assays using mAb 6C7/Cl. 2134P is a bacterial adhesin and is an important virulence attribute of some ETEC that cause diarrhea in weaned pigs. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Casey, T A AU - Schneider, R A AU - Nagy, B AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 101 EP - 114 VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - adhesins KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - intestine KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - pili KW - J 02862:Infection KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+identifies+2134P+fimbriae+as+adhesins+on+enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+isolated+from+postweaning+pigs&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BCasey%2C+T+A%3BSchneider%2C+R+A%3BNagy%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; intestine; pili; monoclonal antibodies; diarrhea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of recession infiltration on runoff volume computed by the kinematic wave model AN - 16730672; 3508978 AB - The effect of recession infiltration on runoff volume is quantified using the kinematic wave model for the case of lateral inflow made up of constant rainfall excess during the period of rainfall and constant infiltration after rainfall ends. A general solution is obtained using the following non-dimensional quantities; Q* = Q/R sub(e) (runoff volume divided by rainfall excess volume), t* = t sub(e)/D (time to kinematic equilibrium divided by the duration of rainfall excess), and f* = f/r sub(e) (infiltration rate divided by rainfall excess rate). Using these quantities, the relationship for the reduction of runoff volume is Q* = 1 - m/(m+1) t* [f*/(f*+1)] super(1/m) when t* < [(f*+1)/f*] super(1/m) and Q* = 1/(m+1) t* super(-m) (f*+1)/f* when t* greater than or equal to [(f*+1)/f*] super(1/m) where m is the kinematic wave depth-discharge exponent. The first equation corresponds to the case when flow ceases after the characteristic from distance and time zero, C sub((0,0)), reaches the end of the plane. The second equation corresponds to the case when the flow ceases and C sub((0,0)) does not reach the end of the plane. These equations approximate the reduction of runoff volume for the more general case of time varying rainfall excess under constant and variable rainfall as would be the case when the rainfall excess is generated using the Green-Ampt infiltration equation. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, J J AU - Shirley, ED AU - Lane, L J AD - Southwest Watershed Res. Cent., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Tucson, AZ, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1353 EP - 1361 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - water KW - models studies KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - rainfall KW - infiltration KW - runoff volume KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+recession+infiltration+on+runoff+volume+computed+by+the+kinematic+wave+model&rft.au=Stone%2C+J+J%3BShirley%2C+ED%3BLane%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; runoff volume; rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size difference among 16S rRNA genes from endosymbiontic bacteria found in testes of Heliothis virescens, H. subflexa, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and backcross sterile male moths AN - 16728274; 3512779 AB - We investigated Heliothis endosymbionts via an analysis of their PCR-amplified rRNA genes (rDNA). Prokaryotic-specific primers were used to amplify 16S rDNA from aseptically removed testes. PCR reactions without testes extract were negative. Endosymbionts from H. virescens and H. subflexa were genetically different. The size of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA indicates that endosymbionts in backcross sterile males originate from H. subflexa. Sterile males have essentially a H. virescens nuclear genome as a result of backcrossing. We propose that backcross male sterility results from an incompatibility between the maternally inherited endosymbiont type found in the cytoplasm and the predominantly paternal genetic material found in the nucleus. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Krueger, C M AU - Degrugillier, ME AU - Narang, S K AD - USDA-ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 382 EP - 390 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - genes KW - endosymbionts KW - Heliothis subflexa KW - Lepidoptera KW - bacteria KW - testes KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05213:Genes & molecular genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Size+difference+among+16S+rRNA+genes+from+endosymbiontic+bacteria+found+in+testes+of+Heliothis+virescens%2C+H.+subflexa%2C+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+and+backcross+sterile+male+moths&rft.au=Krueger%2C+C+M%3BDegrugillier%2C+ME%3BNarang%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Krueger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; genes; bacteria; endosymbionts; testes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Salmonella california and S. typhimurium strains with reduced ability to colonize the intestinal tract of broiler chicks AN - 16727927; 3634369 AB - This study determined the ability of eight strains of Salmonella and their agar-subcultured variants to colonize the intestinal tract of broiler chicks. Nalidixic-acid (NAL)-resistant and streptomycin-resistant subcultured strains (S. california 1989/A and S. typhimurium 3366/A) that persisted in the ceca of chicks in lower numbers than their NAL-resistant parent strains (1989/O and 3366/O) were selected for additional study. S. typhimurium strain 3366/A was present in the ceca of chicks in lower numbers than the parent strain 3366/O when given concomitantly with the parent strain or when the two strains were given separately to different chicks. S. california 1989/A strain was present in the ceca in lower numbers than the parent strain after concomitant oral or intracloacal inoculation. Strains 3366/O and 3366/A of S. typhimurium differed in growth rates in BHI broth and cecal mucus. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profile indicated that LPS components present in S. california 1989/O were missing from strain 1989/A. A mutant of 1989/O-2095/R-was also LPS- and colonization-deficient. (DBO) JF - Avian Diseases AU - Craven, SE AU - Cox, NA AU - Bailey, J S AU - Stern, N J AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Blankenship, L C AD - Poult. Microbiol. Saf. Res. Unit, R. B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 339 EP - 348 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Salmonella california KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - colonization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gifted+Child+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Socioaffective+Impact+of+Acceleration+and+Ability+Grouping%3A+Recommendations+for+Best+Practice&rft.au=Neihart%2C+Maureen&rft.aulast=Neihart&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Gifted+Child+Quarterly&rft.issn=00169862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; gastrointestinal tract; colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term changes in the abundance and parity rate of Anopheles quadrimaculatus species C (Diptera: Culicidae) in a central Florida swamp AN - 16727532; 3516471 AB - Updraft CDC traps baited with dry ice were used to monitor changes in the abundance and parity rate of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say complex mosquitoes in an intermittently flooded swamp in Central Florida during an 18-d period. Mosquitoes collected each day were identified to species using DNA hybridization and isozyme electrophoretic techniques and were dissected to determine follicular maturation and parity. Of 1,178 Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes identified to species, 4% were species A and 96% were species C. Dissections of females of both species indicated that 98% were nonblood fed and nongravid with ovariole development at Christophers' stage II. Overall parity rates were 0.19 and 0.51 for populations of species A and species C, respectively. The duration of the gonotrophic cycle for species C females was estimated to be 5 d based on the interval between peaks in the number of nulliparous females collected on days 1 and 6 and peaks in the number of parous females collected 5 d later. Significant trends were observed in the number of parous species C females collected each day, indicating that the parity rate could not be used as an unbiased estimator of survivorship. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jensen, T AU - Kaiser, P E AU - Barnard AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1038 EP - 1042 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - USA, Florida KW - Culicidae KW - Anopheles quadrimaculatus KW - swamps KW - traps KW - Diptera KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+Research+in+Mathematics+Education&rft.atitle=Tell+me+with+whom+you%27re+learning%2C+and+I%27ll+tell+you+how+much+you%27ve+learned%3A+Mixed-ability+versus+same-ability+grouping+in+mathematics&rft.au=Linchevski%2C+Liora%3BKutscher%2C+Bilha&rft.aulast=Linchevski&rft.aufirst=Liora&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+for+Research+in+Mathematics+Education&rft.issn=00218251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anopheles quadrimaculatus; Culicidae; Diptera; USA, Florida; population levels; swamps; traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical transmission of a Nosema sp. (Microsporida: Nosematidae) infecting a grasshopper, Chorthippus curtipennis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 16727452; 3512740 AB - Vertical transmission studies of a Nosema sp. infecting a grasshopper, Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris), were conducted in the laboratory. Mated pairs of field-collected grasshoppers were allowed to oviposit, and the adults and progeny were subsequently examined for infection. Infection status of the parents had no effect on fecundity. A preliminary analysis of observed differences in percentage batch was also not significant, but further analysis suggested that there were differences between mated pairs. The analysis suggested that some of the differences in hatch rate were caused by infection of the female when mated pairs were subsequently classified as having a high or low hatch rate. Vertical transmission was maternally mediated, with > 70% of the progeny infected at 5 d after hatch. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Streett, DA AU - Woods, SA AU - Onsager, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Insect Lab., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1031 EP - 1034 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chorthippus curtipennis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acrididae KW - biological control KW - disease transmission KW - Orthoptera KW - transmission (vertical) KW - Nosema KW - microsporidiosis KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Vertical+transmission+of+a+Nosema+sp.+%28Microsporida%3A+Nosematidae%29+infecting+a+grasshopper%2C+Chorthippus+curtipennis+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Streett%2C+DA%3BWoods%2C+SA%3BOnsager%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Streett&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; disease transmission; transmission (vertical); microsporidiosis; Acrididae; Orthoptera; Nosema ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of soil moisture and compaction on spillway erosion AN - 16727037; 3508977 AB - Submerged jet tests were conducted on a soil material compacted by dynamic and static load methods over a range of dry unit weights and moisture contents. The compacted soil samples were pre-wet prior to testing. An index parameter was used to compare changes in the erosion resistance of the soil at different compacted dry unit weights and compacted moisture contents. Moisture content at the time of compaction had a significant influence on soil erosion resistance. Additionally, at a constant moisture content, the erosion resistance increased as the dry unit weight increased. These results, along with results of two compacted spillway channel tests on the same soil, suggest that proper compaction should be considered in the repair of earthen auxiliary spillways. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hanson, G J AU - Robinson, K M AD - Hydraul. Eng. Res. Unit, Plant Sci. and Water Conserv. Lab., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Stillwater, OK, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1349 EP - 1352 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soil moisture KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - soil compaction KW - erosion control KW - spillways KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+soil+moisture+and+compaction+on+spillway+erosion&rft.au=Hanson%2C+G+J%3BRobinson%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil compaction; erosion; erosion control; spillways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of erosion on ecto- and VA-mycorrhizal inoculum potential of soil following forest fire in southwest Oregon AN - 16726828; 3508971 AB - The Longwood Complex wildfire in the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon in August 1987 created an opportunity to study erosion and its effects on mycorrhizal fungus inoculum potential of a forest soil on steep slopes. As measured by the erosion-bridge method, most erosion occurred in a single, intense storm in December after the fire and amounted to an estimated 2 to 4 cm of surface soil. Captured eroded soil had a higher pH and P and Mg levels than residual soil. Seedlings of Libocedrus decurrens and Pseudotsuga menziesii were planted on eroded plots with additions of captured eroded soil (ET) or pasteurized eroded soil (PET) transferred to the planting holes. After one growing season, Libocedrus seedlings formed nearly 4 times the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in ET treatments and more than twice as much in PET treatments than in controls. Survival and basal area growth were significantly better in ET than in the other treatments, and both ET and PET produced more seedling shoot growth than did controls. Pseudotsuga seedlings did not differ in measured characteristics between treatments; ectomycorrhiza formation was slight, evidently the result of reduced inoculum potential resulting from the fire. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Amaranthus, M P AU - Trappe, J M AD - USDA For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Box 3890, Portland, OR 92708 USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 41 EP - 49 VL - 150 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - ectomycorrhizas KW - inoculum KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - erosion KW - fires KW - soil erosion KW - USA, Oregon KW - forests KW - forestry KW - soil KW - A 01047:General KW - H SE6.28:LANDSLIDES AND EROSION KW - D 04600:Soil KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16726828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Effects+of+erosion+on+ecto-+and+VA-mycorrhizal+inoculum+potential+of+soil+following+forest+fire+in+southwest+Oregon&rft.au=Amaranthus%2C+M+P%3BTrappe%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Amaranthus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Oregon; soil; erosion; forestry; fires; forests; soil erosion; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; ectomycorrhizas; inoculum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic life table model for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Analysis of the literature and model development AN - 16726544; 3516468 AB - The container-inhabiting mosquito simulation model (CIMSiM) is a weather-driven, dynamic life table simulation model of Aedes aegypti (L.). It is designed to provide a framework for related models of similar mosquitoes which inhabit artificial and natural containers. CIMSiM is an attempt to provide a mechanistic, comprehensive, and dynamic accounting to the multitude of relationships known to play a role in the life history of these mosquitoes. Development rates of eggs, larvae, pupae, and the gonotrophic cycle are based on temperature using an enzyme kinetics approach. Larval weight gain and food depletion are based on the differential equations of Gilpin & McClelland compensated for temperature. Survivals are a function of weather, habitat, and other factors. The heterogeneity of the larval habitat is depicted by modeling the immature cohorts within up to nine different containers, each of which represents an important type of mosquito-producing container in the field. The model provides estimates of the age-specific density of each life stage within a representative 1-ha area. CIMSiM is interactive and runs on IBM-compatible personal computers. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Focks, DA AU - Haile, D G AU - Daniels, E AU - Mount, G A AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1003 EP - 1017 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aedes aegypti KW - life tables KW - mathematical models KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - population dynamics KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16726544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Dynamic+life+table+model+for+Aedes+aegypti+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29%3A+Analysis+of+the+literature+and+model+development&rft.au=Focks%2C+DA%3BHaile%2C+D+G%3BDaniels%2C+E%3BMount%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Focks&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1003&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aedes aegypti; Culicidae; Diptera; life tables; mathematical models; population dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectivity of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from Anagrapha falcifera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) against production and postharvest pests and homologous cell lines AN - 16726254; 3512706 AB - The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AfMNPV) isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), was tested against six species of production and postharvest lepidopteran pests and four insect cell lines. LC sub(50)s in PIB/mm super(2) were 23.9, 42.2, 47.3 and 510.4, respectively, for raisin moth, Cadra figulilella (Gregson), navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella Huebner). The almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), and the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella (Huebner), were not susceptible. Histological examination revealed that hypodermis, fat body, tracheal matrix, midgut epithelium, and Malpighian tubules in all four susceptible species were infected. The Trichoplusia ni cell line TN368 and the P. interpunctella cell line PID2 were permissive to AfMNPV as well as to a contaminant cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). However, two navel orangeworm cell lines, AT10 and AT20, were permissive to the CPV only. Restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the NPV was unchanged after passage through all of these hosts. Probably of greatest significance is that AfMNPV is the first baculovirus reported to be infectious to the naval orangeworm, a major pest of almonds. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Vail, P V AU - Hoffmann, D F AU - Streett, DA AU - Manning, J S AU - Tebbets, J S AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1140 EP - 1145 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - biological control KW - pest control KW - infectivity KW - pathogens KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - cell lines KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16726254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Infectivity+of+a+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+isolated+from+Anagrapha+falcifera+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+against+production+and+postharvest+pests+and+homologous+cell+lines&rft.au=Vail%2C+P+V%3BHoffmann%2C+D+F%3BStreett%2C+DA%3BManning%2C+J+S%3BTebbets%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Vail&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pest control; infectivity; pathogens; cell lines; Anagrapha falcifera; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reservoir sedimentation rates linked to long-term changes in agricultural land use AN - 16726197; 3508837 AB - Long-term land use and reservoir sedimentation were quantified and linked in a small agricultural reservoir-watershed system without having historical data. Land use was determined from a time sequence of aerial photographs, and reservoir sedimentation was determined from cores with super(137)Cs dating techniques. They were linked by relating sediment deposition to potential sediment production which was determined by the Universal Soil Loss Equation and by SCS estimates for gullied land. Sediment cores were collected from Tecumseh Lake, a 55-ha reservoir with a 1,189-ha agricultural watershed, constructed in 1934 in central Oklahoma. Reservoir sediment deposition decreased from an average of 5,933 Mg/yr from 1934 to 1954, to 3,179 Mg/yr from 1954 to 1962, and finally to 1,017 Mg/yr from 1962 to 1987. Potential sediment production decreased from an average of 29,892 to 11,122 and then to 3,589 Mg/yr for the same time periods as above, respectively. Reductions in deposition and sediment production corresponded to reductions in cultivated and abandoned cropland which became perennial pasture. Together, cultivated and abandoned cropland accounted for 59 percent of the watershed in 1937, 24 percent in 1954, and 10 percent in 1962. Roadway erosion, stream bank erosion, stored stream channel sediment, and long-term precipitation were considered, but none seemed to play a significant role in changing sediment deposition rates. Instead, the dominant factor was the conversion of fields to perennial pastures. The effect of conservation measures on reservoir sedimentation can now be quantified for many reservoirs where historical data is not available. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - McIntyre, S C AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 487 EP - 495 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - USA, Oklahoma, Tecumseh L. KW - aerial photographs KW - cesium 137 KW - ecosystem management KW - long-term changes KW - radioactive dating KW - reservoirs KW - reservoirs (water) KW - sedimentation rates KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - erosion KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - radioisotopes KW - sediment transport KW - agriculture KW - sedimentation KW - land use KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16726197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Reservoir+sedimentation+rates+linked+to+long-term+changes+in+agricultural+land+use&rft.au=McIntyre%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerial photographs; long-term changes; sediment transport; ecosystem management; erosion; sedimentation; agriculture; watersheds; radioisotopes; land use; reservoirs; sedimentation rates; radioactive dating; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mate finding, dispersal, number released, and the success of biological control introductions AN - 16725990; 3517280 AB - An analysis of published data and a mathematical model of the population dynamics of introduced parasitoids were used to explore the possibility that biological control introductions fail because an Allee effect drives small, introduced populations extinct. Such an Allee effect would arise because low densities, resulting from dispersal into a new environment, lead to failure to mate, which leads to a male-biased sex ratio, which, if extreme enough, could cause population extinction. The analysis of past introductions and the sensitivity analysis of the reaction-diffusion model both suggested a threshold of about 1000 insects per release to ensure establishment of introduced parasitoids. The implications of our results for the design of biological control introductions are discussed. Limitations in retrospective analyses and current knowledge indicate the need for an experimental approach to introductions. JF - Ecological Entomology AU - Hopper, K R AU - Roush, R T AD - EBCL-ARS-USDA, BP 4168 Parc Sci. Agropolis II, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 321 EP - 331 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0307-6946, 0307-6946 KW - mate finding KW - Allee effect KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - population establishment KW - mating KW - dispersal KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mate+finding%2C+dispersal%2C+number+released%2C+and+the+success+of+biological+control+introductions&rft.au=Hopper%2C+K+R%3BRoush%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Entomology&rft.issn=03076946&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; population establishment; mating; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokinin-mediated insect resistance in Nicotiana plants transformed with the ipt gene AN - 16725310; 3516583 AB - The bacterial isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene involved in cytokinin biosynthesis was fused with a promoter from the proteinase inhibitor II (PI-IIK) gene and introduced into Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Transcripts of the ipt gene were wound-inducible in leaves of transgenic PI-II-ipt plants. In leaf disks excised from fully expanded leaves, transcript levels increased 25- to 35-fold within 24 h and by 48 were reduced by about 50%. In flowering plants, message levels were 2- to 5-fold higher than in preflowering plants. These plants were used to test for defensive properties of cytokinins against insects. Manduca sexta larvae consumed up to 70% less of the PI-II-ipt leaf material on flowering plants than larvae feeding on controls. Normal development of Myzus persicae nymphs was also delayed. Approximately half as many nymphs reached adulthood on PI-II-ipt leaves than on controls. Zeatin and zeatinriboside levels in leaves remaining on PI-II-ipt plants after hornworm feeding were elevated by about 70-fold and the chlorophyll a/b content was double that of controls. Exogenous applications of zeatin to the PI-II-ipt leaves enhanced the level of resistance to the tobacco hornworm and almost completely inhibited normal development of the green peach aphid nymphs. Transcript levels of an acidic chitinase gene were low and minimally inducible in PI-II-ipt leaves. The mode of action of the cytokinin gene product on enhanced insect resistance is not clear but may involve the products of secondary metabolic pathways. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Smigocki, A AU - Neal, JW Jr AU - McCanna, I AU - Douglass, L AD - Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 325 EP - 335 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - ipt gene KW - isopentenyl transferase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - genes KW - Aphididae KW - Manduca sexta KW - transformation KW - Lepidoptera KW - Nicotiana plumbaginifolia KW - pest resistance KW - Sphingidae KW - transgenic plants KW - mediation KW - resistance KW - Myzus persicae KW - Homoptera KW - cytokinins KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Cytokinin-mediated+insect+resistance+in+Nicotiana+plants+transformed+with+the+ipt+gene&rft.au=Smigocki%2C+A%3BNeal%2C+JW+Jr%3BMcCanna%2C+I%3BDouglass%2C+L&rft.aulast=Smigocki&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; transgenic plants; genes; mediation; resistance; cytokinins; transformation; Sphingidae; Manduca sexta; Aphididae; Myzus persicae; Homoptera; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An index model for predicting seed germination and emergence rates AN - 16725283; 3517217 AB - We present a germination and emergence model that can be used as a sub-model in an individual-based model of population dynamics. Seed germination and seedling elongation rates were measured in petri dishes in the laboratory for ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, corn, and soybean seeds, as functions of temperature and water potential. The analysis yielded a set of indices: the germination temperature index (GTI), the germination water index (GWI), the emergence temperature index (ETI), and the emergence water index (EWI). The seed populations were divided into 100 discrete cohorts, with each cohort (i), having its own germination rate (GR) as the product of a reference rate and the germination indices, or GR sub(i) = GR sub(i) super(R) super(E) super(F) x GTI x GWI. After germination, the emergence rate (ER) was the product of a reference rate and emergence indices, or ER sub(i) = ER super(REF) x ETI x EWI. The model was tested against the timing of emergence in the field for seeds planted 1, 2, 4, and 8 cm deep in natural or rain-excluded environments. The predictions were more accurate for all depths combined than for any particular depth. JF - Weed Technology AU - Alm, D M AU - Stoller, E W AU - Wax, L M AD - Res. Agron., USDA-ARS, Crop Prot. Unit, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 560 EP - 569 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - Abutilon theophrasti KW - Zea mays KW - seed germination KW - Ipomoea hederacea KW - emergence KW - Glycine max KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=An+index+model+for+predicting+seed+germination+and+emergence+rates&rft.au=Alm%2C+D+M%3BStoller%2C+E+W%3BWax%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Alm&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ipomoea hederacea; Abutilon theophrasti; Zea mays; Glycine max; seed germination; emergence; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air permeability to define frozen soil infiltration with variable tillage and residue AN - 16724861; 3508973 AB - Over-winter infiltration characteristics for a variably frozen Palouse silt loam soil were studied for two runoff seasons using a field air permeameter. Conventional, minimum, and no-till tillage systems were studied for both wheat and pea residue conditions. Air permeability values characterized surface-connected macroporosity satisfactorily and thus infiltration potentials for all tillage-residue treatments. Chiseled soil (paraplowed) consistently had higher permeabilities than conventional or no-tilled soil, and wheat residue treatments consistently provided higher permeabilities than pea residue treatments. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Saxton, KE AU - Kenny, J F AU - McCool, D K AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Biol. Syst. Eng., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99163, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1369 EP - 1375 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soil KW - USA, Washington, Palouse region KW - water KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - agriculture KW - permeability KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16724861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Air+permeability+to+define+frozen+soil+infiltration+with+variable+tillage+and+residue&rft.au=Saxton%2C+KE%3BKenny%2C+J+F%3BMcCool%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Saxton&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; agriculture; runoff; permeability; erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive biology of Heterospilus megalopus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Anthonomus grandis AN - 16724318; 3507089 AB - The age-dependent fecundity, longevity, and rate of increase of Heterospilus megalopus Marsh, a parasitoid of the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), were determined under laboratory conditions at 25 plus or minus 1 degree C. The longevity of H. megalopus was 62.3 plus or minus 33.5 d in males and 78 plus or minus 32.7 d in females. Lifetime oviposition was 36.1 plus or minus 22 eggs per females, from which 26.8 plus or minus 17 developed into larvae. The preovipositional period lasted 23.6 plus or minus 14.4 d. The fecundity plateau period (determined by cumulative oviposition) lasted 86 d (from 12 to 98 d after emergence), and the females oviposited 0.6 plus or minus 0.1 eggs per day during this period. The net reproductive rate (R sub(o)) was 5.63, the generation time was 9.19 wk, the doubling time was 3.69 wk, and the weekly intrinsic rate of increase (r sub(m)) was 0.188. The potential of this parasitoid as a biological control agent against the boll weevil is limited by its low fecundity and rate of increase. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - Cate, J R AD - USDA-ARS Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., Biol. Pest Control Res. Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 734 EP - 739 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Heterospilus megalopus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - reproduction KW - Braconidae KW - fecundity KW - population growth KW - longevity KW - Hymenoptera KW - biology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16724318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Reproductive+biology+of+Heterospilus+megalopus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%2C+a+parasitoid+of+Anthonomus+grandis&rft.au=Morales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BCate%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Morales-Ramos&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Braconidae; Hymenoptera; fecundity; longevity; population growth; biology; reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of prey species on development and reproduction of the predator Lyctocoris campestris (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) AN - 16724317; 3516478 AB - The effects of selected prey species on life history characteristics of Lyctocoris campestris (F.), a predator of stored-product insects, were examined in the laboratory at 30 plus or minus 1 degree C, 70 plus or minus 5% RH, and 16:8 (L:D) h. Newly emerged nymphs (n = 40) were reared singly on each of eight prey species and followed through all life stages until the predator died. Prey consisted of final instars of test species that were killed by freezing. Life table statistics were used to compare the predator's potential dynamics on different prey regimes. Developmental period of nymphs was the longest (27.8 d) on Trichoplusia ni (Huebner), a nonstored-product pest, followed by Trogoderma variable Ballion (25.7 d), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (25.3 d), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (24.8 d), Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (24.3 d), Plodia interpunctella (Huebner) (22.6 d), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (21.8 d), and the shortest on Cadra cautella (Walker) (21.6 d), all stored-product pests. The proportion of nymphs surviving to adulthood was also affected by prey species. Prey species significantly affected the preoviposition period of the adult females. The preoviposition period was shortest on P. interpunctella (9.0 d), and longest on T. variabile (16.9 d). Oviposition period did not differ among the eight prey species tested. Total feundity was higher on C. cautella, P. interpunctella, and T. variable than on L. serricorne, T. castaneum, R. dominica, and O. surinamensis; and lowest on T. ni. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Parajuvlee, M N AU - Phillips, T W AD - Stored-Product Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Dep. Entomol., Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1035 EP - 1042 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - development KW - reproduction KW - Hemiptera KW - Lyctocoris campestris KW - Anthocoridae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16724317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+prey+species+on+development+and+reproduction+of+the+predator+Lyctocoris+campestris+%28Heteroptera%3A+Anthocoridae%29&rft.au=Parajuvlee%2C+M+N%3BPhillips%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Parajuvlee&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lyctocoris campestris; Anthocoridae; Hemiptera; predator-prey interactions; development; reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bolander's clover in the central Sierra Nevada: A sensitive species? AN - 16723425; 3517210 AB - Trifolium bolanderi Gray. (Fabaceae) is endemic to the central Sierra Nevada of California. Commonly called Bolander's clover, it is a federally designated Category 2 taxon for which sufficient data to support a listing as threatened or endangered are lacking. It occurs within a narrow elevational band in mountain meadows of Mariposa, Madera, and Fresno Counties. To learn more about Bolander's clover, its site characteristics, and its restricted distribution we surveyed all known populations. Concurrently, we examined adjacent sites without the species. Sites with Bolander's clover were like those without it in aspect and degree of shade and in soil texture, bulk density, water, and organic matter. Normal hydrologic regimes occurred on 93% of the Bolander's clover sites; and some, still grazed by livestock, had large clover populations. No plant taxa had a positive interspecific association with Bolander's clover. One species, another clover, was negatively associated with it, suggesting intrageneric competition as a controlling influence. Detailed research on nutrient requirements and availability and soil water relationships may point to characteristics restricting Bolander's clover distribution. JF - Madrono AU - Ratliff, R D AU - Denton, R G AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2081 E. Sierra Ave., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 166 EP - 173 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0024-9637, 0024-9637 KW - USA, California, Sierra Nevada KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Trifolium bolanderi KW - ecological distribution KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16723425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Madrono&rft.atitle=Bolander%27s+clover+in+the+central+Sierra+Nevada%3A+A+sensitive+species%3F&rft.au=Ratliff%2C+R+D%3BDenton%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Ratliff&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Madrono&rft.issn=00249637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium bolanderi; ecological distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of aerially applied fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos on birds in the savannah of northern Senegal AN - 16723411; 3509042 AB - Studies of the effects of applications of locust insecticides on birds were conducted in the savannah of northern Senegal in 1989. The insecticides studied were fenitrothion at 485 and 825 g/ha and chlorpyrifos at 270 and 387 g/ha. Total bird numbers decreased on all treated plots. Decreases in three of the most abundant species were significant on the fenitrothion plots. Some of the decrease was due to bird mortality, but apparently most of it represented movements of birds in reaction to a reduction in their arthropod food. The reduction in grasshoppers was four times greater on the fenitrothion plots than on the chlorpyrifos plots, and this difference was reflected by a decrease in the insect foods eaten by birds after the treatments. JF - Journal of Applied Ecology AU - Mullie, W C AU - Keith, JO AD - Int. Programs Res. Sect., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., USDA, P.O. Box 25266, Denver, CO 80225-0266, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 536 EP - 550 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8901, 0021-8901 KW - population changes KW - fenitrothion KW - chlorpyrifos KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - savannahs KW - Aves KW - Senegal KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16723411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+aerially+applied+fenitrothion+and+chlorpyrifos+on+birds+in+the+savannah+of+northern+Senegal&rft.au=Mullie%2C+W+C%3BKeith%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Mullie&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.issn=00218901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Senegal; insecticides; savannahs; population changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential effects of climate change on ecosystem processes and cattle production on U.S. rangelands AN - 16723248; 3510579 AB - In spite of the uncertainties of potential climate change, a scientific consensus is emerging that increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO sub(2) could alter global temperatures and precipitation patterns. Changes in global climate as predicted by General Circulation Models (GCM) could therefore, have profound implications for global agriculture. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of potential climate change on livestock and grassland production in the major producing regions of the United States. Simulation sites were selected for the study on the basis of the region's economic dependence on rangeland livestock production. Five thirty-year simulations were conducted on each site using the Simulation of Production and Utilization of Rangelands model and Colorado Beef Cattle Production Model. Climate change files were obtained by combining historic weather data from each site with predicted output from three GCM's. Results from nominal runs were compared with the three climate change scenarios and a doubled CO sub(2) run. The magnitude and direction of ecosystem response to climate change varied among the GCM's and by geographic region. Simulations demonstrated that changes in temperature and precipitation patterns caused an increase and above-ground net primary production for most sites. Increased decomposition rates were recorded for northern regions. Similarly, animal production in northern regions increased, implying an increase in economic survivability. However, because decreases in animal production indicators were recorded for the southern regions, economic survivability in southern regions is less certain. JF - Climatic Change AU - Baker, B B AU - Hanson, J D AU - Bourdon, R M AU - Eckert, J B AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Syst. Res., 301 S. Howes, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 97 EP - 117 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - cattle KW - carbon dioxide KW - ecosystem analysis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - ecosystems KW - simulation KW - pollution effects KW - greenhouse effect KW - climate KW - agriculture KW - climatic changes KW - USA KW - economics KW - rangelands KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04500:Atmosphere UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16723248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=The+potential+effects+of+climate+change+on+ecosystem+processes+and+cattle+production+on+U.S.+rangelands&rft.au=Baker%2C+B+B%3BHanson%2C+J+D%3BBourdon%2C+R+M%3BEckert%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; climate; greenhouse effect; ecosystems; cattle; carbon dioxide; agriculture; pollution effects; simulation; economics; climatic changes; rangelands; ecosystem analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of recombinant endophyte containing Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin on some rhizosphere populations AN - 16722613; 3511657 AB - Field trials with corn (Zea mays L.) were conducted at Beltsville, Md., USA, in 1988 and 1989. The corn was inoculated with a genetically engineered endophyte, Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis/Bacillus thuringiensis (Cxc/Bt) to control the European corn borer. Analysis of leaf samples indicated that the endophyte was present in the xylem of 90% of the Cxc/Bt-inoculated corn and in none of the control corn. Analyses of the populations of specific rhizosphere microorganisms, i.e., fluorescent pseudomonads, Azospirillum, and Azotobacter, in root samples from plants inoculated with Cxc/Bt and from control plants indicated no effect on the population numbers. JF - Microbial Releases AU - Sikora, L J AD - Soil-Microb. Syst. Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 318, BARC-E., 10300 Baltimore Av., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 109 EP - 112 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 0940-9653, 0940-9653 KW - Clavibacter xyli KW - Clavibacter xyli cynodontis KW - Nortuidae KW - delta -endotoxin KW - subsp.cynodontis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - recombinants KW - biological control KW - Zea mays KW - endophytes KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - environmental impact KW - rhizosphere microorganisms KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - USA, Maryland KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16722613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Releases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+recombinant+endophyte+containing+Bacillus+thuringiensis+delta+endotoxin+on+some+rhizosphere+populations&rft.au=Sikora%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Releases&rft.issn=09409653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recombinants; biological control; endophytes; environmental impact; rhizosphere microorganisms; Zea mays; Bacillus thuringiensis; Ostrinia nubilalis; Lepidoptera; USA, Maryland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term strategy for the statistical design of a forest health monitoring system AN - 16721950; 3509028 AB - A conceptual framework is given for a broad-scale survey of forest health that accomplishes three objectives: generate descriptive statistics; detect changes in such statistics; and simplify analytical inferences that identify, and possibly establish cause-effect relationships. Our paper discusses the development of sampling schemes to satisfy these three objectives, but without any design restrictions implied by existing sample surveys. A general vision of a desirable future system will increase chances that short-term decisions will lead to better environmental monitoring systems in the long term. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Schreuder, H T AU - Czaplewski, R L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest Range Exp. Stn., 240 W. Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 EP - 94 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - methodology KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - environmental monitoring KW - research programs KW - design KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16721950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Long-term+strategy+for+the+statistical+design+of+a+forest+health+monitoring+system&rft.au=Schreuder%2C+H+T%3BCzaplewski%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Schreuder&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; environmental monitoring; research programs; design; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of the major component in white snakeroot that is toxic after microsomal activation: Possible explanation of sporadic toxicity of white snakeroot plants and extracts AN - 16721944; 3504113 AB - Tremetone, the major toxic component in white snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum Houtt) extracts, was isolated following an in vitro bioactivity assay. Microsomal activation was required to produce a product toxic to murine melanoma (B16F sub(1)) cells as well as five other mammalian cell cultures. The metabolic activation product(s) of tremetone is suspected to be responsible for the toxic activity of the plant. Tremetone is also smoothly converted to dehydrotremetone in the plant and cell free homogenates, and readily decomposes to dehydrotremetone in extracts. Dehydrotremetone is not toxic even after microsomal activation. The efficient conversion of tremetone to dehydrotremetone may explain why white snakeroot plant material and extracts have varied activities, and why a previous claim that tremetone was responsible for the toxic activity of white snakeroot was withdrawn. Rayless goldenrod extracts show the same toxic activity as white snakeroot and the toxic activity of rayless goldenrod is most likely due to tremetone. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Beier, R C AU - Norman, JO AU - Reagor, J C AU - Rees AU - Mundy, B P AD - USDA, ARS, FAPRL, Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77840-9594, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 286 EP - 293 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - mice KW - tremetone KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Eupatorium rugosum KW - toxins KW - isolation KW - tissue culture KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16721944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+the+major+component+in+white+snakeroot+that+is+toxic+after+microsomal+activation%3A+Possible+explanation+of+sporadic+toxicity+of+white+snakeroot+plants+and+extracts&rft.au=Beier%2C+R+C%3BNorman%2C+JO%3BReagor%2C+J+C%3BRees%3BMundy%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Beier&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eupatorium rugosum; toxins; isolation; tissue culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of gypsiferous coal combustion ash applied at disposal levels on soil chemical properties AN - 16721852; 3511705 AB - Currently, there is renewed interest in the agricultural utilization of coal combustion byproducts. Field sites where high rates (112 Mg ha super(-1)) of high gypsum coal combustion spent bed ashes were surface applied in 1980 within fruit tree orchard rows were identified and sampled with depth. The objective of this study was to examine the effects on long-term exposure/leaching of these materials on soil profile chemical properties. When applied, the material had an aqueous pH of 12.5 and consisted of about 52% calcium sulfate, 33% calcium oxide and 15% coal ash residues. Eleven years after ash application, soil pH is significantly higher in the top 66 cm of the treated sites compared to unamended sites. This has been accompanied by increases in extractable and total calcium and total boron and sulfur with a concomitant reduction in extractable magnesium. Remaining pieces of the applied spent bed material are composed primarily of calcite and quartz with some gypsum associated with large pieces. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Korcak, R F AU - Kemper, W D AD - Fruit Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 29 EP - 32 VL - 154 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - soils KW - gypsum KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - land application KW - agriculture KW - byproducts KW - combustion KW - ash KW - coal KW - leaching KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16721852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+gypsiferous+coal+combustion+ash+applied+at+disposal+levels+on+soil+chemical+properties&rft.au=Korcak%2C+R+F%3BKemper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Korcak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal; combustion; byproducts; ash; land application; agriculture; geochemistry; leaching; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) soil associated stages to the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) AN - 16720237; 3509400 AB - Soil associated stages, pupae, and last-instar larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (PBW), were evaluated for susceptibility to the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Mexican strain, Kapow selection). Mean mortality responses of PBW larvae entering the soil naturally compared to larvae buried artificially (2.5 cm deep) are 99.5 and 73.4%, respectively, at 15 infective juveniles/larva. The time required for nematode infection of larvae (38.0/cm super(2) soil surface) was 24 h or less. Larval mortality was significantly reduced at 15.6 degree C compared with 21.1, 26.7, and 32.2 degree C. Live nematodes were found in PBW larvae at all temperatures tested except 32.2 degree C. Reproduction of juveniles was evident 3 days after exposure at 26.7 degree C. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Lindegren, JE AU - Meyer, K F AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Vail, P V AU - Forlow Jech, LJ AU - Valero, KA AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 113 EP - 128 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Steinernema carpocapsae KW - Gelechiidae KW - susceptibility KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - soil KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16720237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechidae%29+soil+associated+stages+to+the+entomopathogenic+nematode+Steinernema+carpocapsae+%28Rhabditida%3A+Steinernematidae%29&rft.au=Lindegren%2C+JE%3BMeyer%2C+K+F%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J%3BVail%2C+P+V%3BForlow+Jech%2C+LJ%3BValero%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Lindegren&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - susceptibility; pathogens; soil; Pectinophora gossypiella; Steinernema carpocapsae; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life history of Podisus maculiventris given low numbers of Epilachna varivestis as prey AN - 16720183; 3509415 AB - Body weight, reproduction and longevity of mated and unmated female Podisus maculiventris (Say) were measured under low and high numbers of prey, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Under low rates of predation, the predator maintained longevity apparently at the expense of reproduction. Predators fed less frequently oviposited less often and later in life. Body weight of females was dependent on diet; females fed more frequently weighed more than those fed infrequently. Results are compared with previous life history studies of this predator. We found similarities in our results to other studies on longevity and reproduction of P. maculiventris provided other types of prey. The trade-off between reproduction and longevity may be a response to environments with temporal variation in prey abundance. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Legaspi, J C AU - O'Neil, R J AD - Biol. Pest Control Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-SPA, 2413 E. Highw. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1192 EP - 1200 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - diets KW - life history KW - reproduction KW - Pentatomidae KW - Hemiptera KW - Podisus maculiventris KW - body weight KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16720183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Life+history+of+Podisus+maculiventris+given+low+numbers+of+Epilachna+varivestis+as+prey&rft.au=Legaspi%2C+J+C%3BO%27Neil%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Legaspi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Podisus maculiventris; Pentatomidae; Hemiptera; life history; diets; reproduction; body weight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pheromone trap catch and population density: Comparison of traps baited with 1 and 500 micrograms of (+)-disparlure lures AN - 16719293; 3635375 AB - The relationship between the number of male gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), captured in pheromone traps and subsequent egg-mass density in the area surrounding each pheromone trap was determined for traps baited with either 1 or 500 mu g of (+)-disparlure. Traps were located along transects that extended from within diflubenzuron-treated spray blocks, in which gypsy moth populations were low (252.0 egg masses per ha), to adjoining areas with high populations (3,390.4 egg masses per ha) that had either been treated with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner or left untreated and that were associated with defoliation of oak, Quercus spp. Traps containing low-dose lures captured means of 5.4 and 32.9 moths in the low and high gypsy moth population density areas, respectively. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Thorpe, K W AU - Ridgway, R L AU - Leonhardt, BA AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 402, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 86 EP - 92 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - pheromone traps KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16719293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+pheromone+trap+catch+and+population+density%3A+Comparison+of+traps+baited+with+1+and+500+micrograms+of+%28%2B%29-disparlure+lures&rft.au=Thorpe%2C+K+W%3BRidgway%2C+R+L%3BLeonhardt%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; population density; pheromone traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Creosotebush vegetation after 50 years of lagomorph exclusion AN - 16718101; 3709638 AB - In 1939, an experiment was established on the Jornada Experimental Range to evaluate the effects of shrub removal, rabbit exclusion, furrowing, and seeding in creosotebush [Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov] vegetation. Sixteen plots (21.3 x 21.3 m) were laid out in four rows of four plots per row with a buffer zone of 7.6 m between plots and rows. A barbed wire fence excluded cattle and poultry wire fencing excluded lagomorphs. Treatments were factorially applied at two levels. Plant cover in the plots was sampled in 1938 (before treatment), 1947, 1956, 1960, 1967 and 1989 with randomly located, line-intercept transects. Data from all sampling dates were analyzed as a split plot in time and main effects for 1989 tested by analysis of variance for a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. There were significant (P < 0.10) year x treatment interactions. Seeding and furrowing treatments were ineffective but lagomorph exclusion and shrub clearing treatments resulted in significant treatment differences for several species. In 1989, basal area of spike dropseed (Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc.) was 30-fold greater on the lagomorph excluded than on the lagomorph unexcluded treatment. Canopy cover of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa), tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) and mariola (Parthenium incanum H.B.K.) were affected by lagomorph exclusion. None of the responses were viewed as successional in nature. They principally represented individual species sensitivities to either absence of a primary herbivore or removal of aboveground shrub biomass. Though the physical treatments could be regarded as relatively severe disturbances of the system, the impacts on community vegetation dynamics were relatively insignificant. JF - Oecologia AU - Gibbens, R P AU - Havstad, K M AU - Billheimer, D D AU - Herbel, CH AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Exp. Range, Box 30003, Dep. 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 210 EP - 217 VL - 94 IS - 2 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - disturbance KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Larrea tridentata KW - herbivory KW - Lepus californicus KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16718101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Creosotebush+vegetation+after+50+years+of+lagomorph+exclusion&rft.au=Gibbens%2C+R+P%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BBillheimer%2C+D+D%3BHerbel%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Gibbens&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Larrea tridentata; Lepus californicus; USA, New Mexico; herbivory; disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of host size on adult size and sex ratio of Bracon mellitor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16717797; 3506897 AB - The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the size of the host, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, on adult size, sex ratio, longevity, and fecundity of the ectoparasitoid Bracon mellitor Say. Adult size of B. mellitor was directly related to host size; larger parasitoids developed on larger host larvae. Host size also affected sex ratio so that predominately male wasps were produced on small hosts. The male bias on smaller hosts was caused by differential oviposition of male and female eggs by adult females. Female longevity and fecundity were directly related to adult size; larger females lived longer and subsequently produced greater numbers of progeny than smaller females. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Tillman, P G AU - Cate, J R AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1161 EP - 1165 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bracon mellitor KW - Coleoptera KW - sex ratio KW - body size KW - Braconidae KW - host-parasite interactions KW - Curculionidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16717797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+host+size+on+adult+size+and+sex+ratio+of+Bracon+mellitor+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G%3BCate%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bracon mellitor; Braconidae; Hymenoptera; Anthonomus grandis; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; host-parasite interactions; body size; sex ratio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arrestant responses of southwestern corn borer larvae to free amino acids: Structure-activity relationships AN - 16717595; 3512905 AB - The leaf-feeding resistance of corn or maize Zea mays L. to the southwestern corn borer, SWCB, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar has been attributed at least in part to decreased protein, increased crude fiber, and increased hemicellulose in the whorls of resistant genotypes. In this study, individual amino acids and sugars were evaluated as arrestants, with the objective of identifying those that gave weak or negative responses. Several structure-activity relationships were identified. Larvae responded to three-carbon n-alkyl alpha amino acids more than to two-, four-, five-, and six-carbon compounds. Amino acids with terminal isopropyl functions gave decreased responses relative to their n-alkyl counterparts. Dicarboxylic acids and their amides gave the lowest responses of all classes of amino acids. Formulated amino acid mixtures based on their content in whorl juice were as strong arrestants as whorl juice. However, the relative contributions of amino acid and sugars that are weak arrestants to the resistance of corn to SWCB larvae is uncertain because amino acid analyses did not reveal significantly higher contents of these amino in the whorl juices of resistant lines. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hedin, P A AU - Williams, W P AU - Buckley, P M AU - Davis, F M AD - Crop Sci. Res. Lab., USDA-USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 301 EP - 312 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - southwestern corn borers KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - feeding KW - Lepidoptera KW - pests KW - Zea mays KW - amino acids KW - orientation KW - structure-activity relationships KW - larvae KW - Diatraea grandiosella KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16717595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Arrestant+responses+of+southwestern+corn+borer+larvae+to+free+amino+acids%3A+Structure-activity+relationships&rft.au=Hedin%2C+P+A%3BWilliams%2C+W+P%3BBuckley%2C+P+M%3BDavis%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Hedin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diatraea grandiosella; Zea mays; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; amino acids; structure-activity relationships; larvae; orientation; feeding; pests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult feeding host range and migratory activities of corn earworm, cabbage looper, and celery looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths as evidenced by attached pollen AN - 16717568; 3512839 AB - This study was conducted to determine the host plant feeding range and possible migratory activities of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner); and celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), through analysis of pollen attached to their bodies. Pollen grain identification from 392 moths captured in southern Texas and southern Oklahoma showed that moths fed on a wide range of plants including Citrus, Salix, Quercus, and Pithecellobium. Such information provides insight on the feeding range of adults and aids in the selection of plants attractive to the adult, enabling isolation and identification of adult feeding attractants. Thirty percent of H. zea moths collected in southern Texas and 6% of those collected in southern Oklahoma were contaminated with Citrus pollen. Citrus is not native to Oklahoma, and associated weather systems and atmospheric trajectories strongly suggest that H. zea and T. ni moths labeled with Citrus pollen had moved at least 700 km northward from southern Texas. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Lingren, P D AU - Bryant, V M AU - Raulston, J R AU - Pendleton, M AU - Westbrook, J AU - Jones, G D AD - Crop Insect Pests Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Route 5, Box 808, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1429 EP - 1439 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - host range KW - feeding KW - Lepidoptera KW - pollen KW - Noctuidae KW - migration KW - host plants KW - adults KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16717568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Adult+feeding+host+range+and+migratory+activities+of+corn+earworm%2C+cabbage+looper%2C+and+celery+looper+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+moths+as+evidenced+by+attached+pollen&rft.au=Lingren%2C+P+D%3BBryant%2C+V+M%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BPendleton%2C+M%3BWestbrook%2C+J%3BJones%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Lingren&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; feeding; host range; migration; pollen; host plants; adults ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicidal activity of sulforaphene from stock (Matthiola incana) AN - 16716859; 3507353 AB - A herbicidal compound was isolated from extracts of Matthiola incana and identified as sulforaphene (4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate). The ED sub(50) of this compound against velvetleaf seedlings was approximately 2 x 10 super(-4) M. Glucoraphenin, the glucosinolate that is the natural precursor of sulforaphene, was less phytotoxic, with an ED sub(50) of near 6 x 10 super(-3) M. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Brinker, A M AU - Spencer, G F AD - Bioactive Const. Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2279 EP - 2284 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - sulforaphene KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - phytotoxicity KW - Matthiola incana KW - allelopathy KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16716859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Herbicidal+activity+of+sulforaphene+from+stock+%28Matthiola+incana%29&rft.au=Brinker%2C+A+M%3BSpencer%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Brinker&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Matthiola incana; allelopathy; phytotoxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid egg in the United States AN - 16715931; 3508187 AB - In order to gain a greater understanding of the occurrence and distribution of Salmonella enteritidis in the United States, a survey of unpasteurized liquid egg (collected at 20 egg-breaking plants across the United States) was conducted over a 52-week period. Weekly liquid egg samples were submitted for Salmonella culturing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. Group D-positive salmonellae were serotyped and phage-typed. On a regional basis, the Northern Region of the United States had the highest S. enteritidis recovery, with 20% of the samples submitted from plants in that region culture-positive for this serotype. Salmonella enteritidis positives from the Southeast, Central, and Western regions were 10%, 15%, and 6% of the samples submitted, respectively. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ebel, ED AU - Mason, J AU - Thomas, LA AU - Ferris, KE AU - Beckman, M G AU - Cummins AU - Scroeder-Tucker, L AU - Sutherlin, W D AU - Glasshoff, R L AU - Smithhisler, N M AD - USDA, Anim. Plant Health Inspect. Serv., Vet. Serv., Salmonella Task Force, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 135 EP - 142 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - USA KW - eggs KW - pasteurization KW - incidence KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16715931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+unpasteurized+liquid+egg+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Ebel%2C+ED%3BMason%2C+J%3BThomas%2C+LA%3BFerris%2C+KE%3BBeckman%2C+M+G%3BCummins%3BScroeder-Tucker%2C+L%3BSutherlin%2C+W+D%3BGlasshoff%2C+R+L%3BSmithhisler%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Ebel&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; USA; eggs; incidence; pasteurization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extending shelf life of poultry and red meat by irradiation processing AN - 16714732; 3505107 AB - Research has demonstrated that ionizing radiation can inactivate parasites, eliminate or greatly reduce the populations of microbial pathogens, and extend the shelf life while preserving the desired nutritional and sensory properties of refrigerated poultry and red meats. Foodborne pathogens can be greatly reduced in population and sometimes completely eliminated from foods by low doses of ionizing radiation. The shelf life of poultry, pork, and beef can be significantly extended by treatment with ionizing radiation. Combination treatments with vacuum packaging or modified atmosphere packaging and ionizing radiation have produced better than predicted results. Additional research is needed on the combined processes. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Thayer, D W AD - Food Saf. Res. Unit, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 831 EP - 833 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - poultry KW - beef KW - pork KW - shelf life KW - effects on KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - ionizing radiation KW - H SE4.22:FOOD PRESERVATION KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16714732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Extending+shelf+life+of+poultry+and+red+meat+by+irradiation+processing&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ionizing radiation; poultry; beef; pork; shelf life ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential host range reaction of citrus and citrus relatives to citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot determined by leaf mesophyll susceptibility AN - 16714490; 3502131 AB - The leaf mesophyll susceptibility of 54 citrus species, cultivars, and relatives to Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo, the cause of citrus bacterial spot, was evaluated in Hastings, Florida, during 1989 and 1990. A similar host range of 53 citrus species, cultivars, and relatives was tested in Beltsville, Maryland, during 1991 to compare their differential susceptibility to X. c. citri, which causes citrus canker, and to X. c. citrumelo by inoculations on foliage of the same trees in replicated field plots. Field-grown trees were pruned to stimulate synchronous leaf flush for inoculation by a modified pinprick method. Lesion size at 60 days (Hastings plots) or 45 days (Beltsville plots) postinoculation was used to quantify leaf mesophyll susceptibility. For X. c. citrumelo inoculations, lesion expansion was greatest on cultivars of trifoliate orange and trifoliate orange hybrids. Smaller lesions formed on Citrus spp. such as grapefruit, sweet orange, sour orange, mandarin, lemon, and their hybrids, with the exception of Key lime, which developed lesions similar to those formed on trifoliate hybrids. Susceptibility of most citrus types to X. c. citri was more general. Lesion sizes resulting from pinprick inoculations with X. c. citri were not significantly different among Citrus spp. and hybrids, indicating a general susceptibility of leaf mesophyll. Smaller lesions generally formed on citrus relatives, including some cultivars of trifoliate orange. Because pinprick inoculations cause wounds and open the leaf mesophyll to direct colonization by bacteria, this method bypasses stomatal infection and does not consider other factors that may affect field resistance. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Graham, J H AU - Civerolo, EL AU - Barrett, H C AU - Hearn, C J AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1004 EP - 1009 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Xanthomonas campestris pv.citrumelo KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mesophyll KW - susceptibility KW - host range KW - epidemiology KW - leaves KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16714490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Differential+host+range+reaction+of+citrus+and+citrus+relatives+to+citrus+canker+and+citrus+bacterial+spot+determined+by+leaf+mesophyll+susceptibility&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BGraham%2C+J+H%3BCiverolo%2C+EL%3BBarrett%2C+H+C%3BHearn%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - host range; leaves; mesophyll; susceptibility; epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stimulation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by mycotrophic and nonmycotrophic plant root systems AN - 16713587; 3508339 AB - Transformed root cultures of three nonmycotrophic and one mycotrophic plant species stimulated germination and hyphal growth of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.) in a gel medium. However, only roots of the mycotrophic species (carrot) supported continued hyphal exploration after 3 to 4 weeks and promoted appressoria formation by G. etunicatum. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Schreiner, R P AU - Koide, R T AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2750 EP - 2752 VL - 59 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Glomus etunicatum KW - roots KW - media (culture) KW - gels KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - growth KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16713587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+vesicular-arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi+by+mycotrophic+and+nonmycotrophic+plant+root+systems&rft.au=Schreiner%2C+R+P%3BKoide%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Schreiner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glomus etunicatum; growth; gels; media (culture); roots; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperate zone sweet sorghum ethanol production potential AN - 16713415; 3508185 AB - The objective of this study was to determine factors that could effect maximum sugar yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) at temperate zone locations. Four sweet sorghum cultivars were tested for fermentable sugar production potential under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions with 0, 84, and 186 kg/ha of added nitrogen fertilizer at two temperate zone locations (40.8 degree and 42 degree N latitude). Test sites represented a typical temperate zone irrigated location and a typical corn belt natural rainfall area. Average ethanol (EtOH) yields for the 2-year study were above 3100 liters/ha and ranged up to 5235 liters/ha. The irrigated location produced more gross green weight (89.8 Mg/ha) compared with the natural rainfall location (65.0 Mg/ha), but total sugar yield and theoretical EtOH were not significantly different. The results emphasize the potential of sweet sorghum as an alternative energy crop, capable of insulating ethanol prices from shifts in corn prices. Added nitrogen fertilizer had little discernible effect on increasing fermentable sugar production. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Smith, G A AU - Buxton AD - Northern Crop Sci. Lab., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, University Stn., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 71 EP - 75 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - ethanol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - temperate environments KW - fermentation KW - production KW - irrigation KW - sugar KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16713415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Temperate+zone+sweet+sorghum+ethanol+production+potential&rft.au=Smith%2C+G+A%3BBuxton&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorghum bicolor; sugar; fermentation; production; temperate environments; irrigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a pectic fraction from smooth bromegrass cell walls using an endopolygalacturonase AN - 16709971; 3505123 AB - An endopolygalacturonase (PG) was isolated from a commercial enzyme preparation from Aspergillus niger. A fractionation scheme was developed for rapid purification of the enzyme for characterization of pectic polysaccharides from smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.). The purified PG had a pH optimum of 4.5 and a hydrolytic temperature stability range of 25-35 degree C and yielded only tri-, di-, and monogalacturonic acid after exhaustive degradation of polygalacturonic acid. A pectic polysaccharide fraction was solubilized from bromegrass cell walls with hot sodium phosphate buffer and fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography. Degradation of two uronic acid rich fractions by PG revealed a polydisperse nature of the polysaccharide components. One fraction contained a complex makeup of neutral sugars along with rhamnogalacturonans that exhibited limited degradation. The other fraction contained fewer neutral sugar components, and the rhamnogalacturonans were extensively degraded. Compositional characteristics of these polymers were similar to those of rhamnogalacturonans isolated from other plants. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Shea, E M AU - Hatfield, R D AD - U.S. Dairy Forage Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 1925 Linden Dr. W., Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 380 EP - 387 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - endopolygalacturonase KW - pectin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - characterization KW - Bromus inermis KW - cell walls KW - Aspergillus niger KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16709971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+pectic+fraction+from+smooth+bromegrass+cell+walls+using+an+endopolygalacturonase&rft.au=Shea%2C+E+M%3BHatfield%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Shea&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; Bromus inermis; characterization; cell walls ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density dependence in rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 16706145; 3701989 AB - We tested for the existence of density dependence in annual adult rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) data from Montana, USA (1951-1991). Statistical density dependence was, in the sense of a stochastic equilibrium or return tendency, detected in all of the grasshopper mean density time-series from the three major physiographic regions of the state, Northern Glaciated Plains, Southern Unglaciated Plains, and Western Mountains. Parameters were estimated for a model that described the stochastic equilibrium characteristics of regional mean densities. The analyses showed that rangeland grasshopper regional densities fluctuate according to gamma distribution with a mean of 6.1-6.3 grasshoppers per m super(2). Further, when regions exhibit outbreaks, the resulting infestation period (duration of outbreak) is short, spanning only a few generations. JF - Oecologia AU - Kemp, W P AU - Dennis, B AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Insect Lab., Bozeman, MT 59717-0366, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - density dependence KW - rangelands KW - USA, Montana KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Density+dependence+in+rangeland+grasshoppers+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Kemp%2C+W+P%3BDennis%2C+B&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Orthoptera; USA, Montana; density dependence; population levels; rangelands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of cutinase activity of various industrial lipases AN - 16703730; 3529942 AB - Eight industrial lipases were tested for cutinase activity on apple (Malus pumila cv. Golden Delicious) cutin and compared with cutinase from the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp pisi. The analysis of released cutin monomers was performed by normal-phase h.p.l.c. with an evaporative light-scattering detector. Calibration curves of cutin monomers were established for quantification of cutinolytic activity of the industrial lipases. The pH optimum for cutinase activity of the lipase preparations was approx. 8.0. A high concentration of detergent was necessary for expression of cutinase activity. The most active lipase was found to be Amino PS-800, which was capable of hydrolysing 16% of apple cutin. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Gerard, H C AU - Fett, W F AU - Osman, S F AU - Moreau, R A AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 181 EP - 189 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - cutinase KW - lipase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Malus pumila KW - Fusarium solani pisi KW - activity KW - W3 33310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16703730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+cutinase+activity+of+various+industrial+lipases&rft.au=Gerard%2C+H+C%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BOsman%2C+S+F%3BMoreau%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Gerard&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - activity; Malus pumila; Fusarium solani pisi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An African swine fever virus gene with similarity to bacterial DNA binding proteins, bacterial integration host factors, and the Bacillus phage SPO1 transcription factor, TF1. AN - 16701502; 2982080 AB - African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of African swine fever in domestic pigs, is a large icosahedral virus with a double-stranded DNA genome of 170-190 kb that shares many characteristics with poxviruses. Although ASFV and poxviruses are distinct morphologically, they both replicate in the cell cytoplasm, exhibit temporal regulation of gene expression, and have similar genome structures, which include terminal inverted repeats, terminal crosslinks, a central conserved region and variable regions at each end of the genome. ASFV is the sole member of an unnamed family of animal viruses. LMW5-AR is an open reading frame (ORF) of 104 amino acids (9.5 kD), located 0.22 m.u. from the left-hand end of the ASFV genome within the BamHI c restriction fragment of the Malawi Lil 20/1 isolate of ASFV. Fasta searching of the Swissprot database revealed that LMW5-AR shared significant similarity to the family of histone-like proteins, which include the prokaryotic histone-like DNA binding proteins (HU), integration host factors (IHF) and the Bacillus phage SPO1 transcription factor, TF1. LMW5-AR has the highest level of similarity to the HU proteins encoded by the Enterobacteriaceae (28% amino acid identity/89 residues; 45% conservation, Fasta = 99; z = 9.82) with lesser similarity to the Bacillus phage SPO1 TF1 gene (25% amino acid identity/96 residues; 44% conservation, Fasta = 94; z = 8.58) and the IHF proteins (29% amino acid identity/72 residues; 47% conservation, Fasta = 75; z = 7.11). JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Neilan, J G AU - Lu, Z AU - Kutish, G F AU - Sussman, MD AU - Roberts, P C AU - Yozawa, T AU - Rock, D L AD - Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1496 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - African swine fever virus KW - DNA-binding protein KW - SPO1 protein KW - amino acid sequence KW - bacteria KW - genes KW - homology KW - integration host factor KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - G 07313:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16701502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=An+African+swine+fever+virus+gene+with+similarity+to+bacterial+DNA+binding+proteins%2C+bacterial+integration+host+factors%2C+and+the+Bacillus+phage+SPO1+transcription+factor%2C+TF1.&rft.au=Neilan%2C+J+G%3BLu%2C+Z%3BKutish%2C+G+F%3BSussman%2C+MD%3BRoberts%2C+P+C%3BYozawa%2C+T%3BRock%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Neilan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; DNA-binding protein; genes; bacteria; homology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomass and nutrient content of the Bisley experimental watersheds, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, before and after Hurricane Hugo, 1989. AN - 16700009; 2983067 AB - The biomass and nutrient content of two steepland watersheds were estimated using allometric equations and nutrient concentrations derived from a subsample of the vegetation. Prior to the passage of Hurricane Hugo in September 1989, the watersheds had a total vegetative biomass of 301 tons/ha, 75 percent of which was aboveground. The total nutrient content of this vegetation was 907, 49, 644, 653, and 192 kg/ha for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively and varied with topographic setting. Concentrations per unit dry weight of P (0.16), K (2.49), Ca (2.13), and Mg (0.62) in aboveground vegetation were similar to other steepland tropical forests, while the concentration of N (2.9) was greater. Following the passage of Hurricane Hugo, the standing aboveground biomass was reduced to 113 t/ha and the aboveground nutrient content of the forest was reduced 45 to 48 percent. JF - Biotropica AU - Scatena, F N AU - Silver, W AU - Siccama, T AU - Johnson, A AU - Sanchez, MJ AD - Inst. Trop. For., Call Box 25000, USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., Rio Piedras, PR 00928-2500, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 15 EP - 27 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - forests KW - biomass KW - watersheds KW - hurricanes KW - nutrient content KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16700009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Biomass+and+nutrient+content+of+the+Bisley+experimental+watersheds%2C+Luquillo+Experimental+Forest%2C+Puerto+Rico%2C+before+and+after+Hurricane+Hugo%2C+1989.&rft.au=Scatena%2C+F+N%3BSilver%2C+W%3BSiccama%2C+T%3BJohnson%2C+A%3BSanchez%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Scatena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; biomass; nutrient content; hurricanes; tropical environment; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of the fungal metabolite griseofulvin to Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera frugiperda AN - 16699442; 3504861 AB - Griseofulvin is a fungal metabolite that can be considered a mycotoxin but is used pharmaceutically to treat topical fungal infections. It was found to be toxic to both the corn earworm. Helicoverpa zea Boddie, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), at 250 ppm in diets. Its toxicity was enhanced by exposure to ultraviolet light, suggesting it can be photoactivated. Its toxicity was also enhanced by coincorporated delta -amino levulinic acid, suggesting it interferes with porphyrin synthesis in these insects. Differences in toxicity and rates of metabolism caused by coincorporated piperonyl butoxide suggested unspecific monooxygenases were relatively more important in griseofulvin activation in H. zea and detoxification in S. frugiperda. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Dowd, P F AD - Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res. U.S.D.A., Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5 EP - 11 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - griseofulvin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - fungi KW - biological control KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - toxicity KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16699442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+the+fungal+metabolite+griseofulvin+to+Helicoverpa+zea+and+Spodoptera+frugiperda&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolites; biological control; fungi; toxicity; mycotoxins; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial N and biomass, respiration and N mineralization in soils beneath two chaparral species along a fire-induced age gradient. AN - 16699248; 2980889 AB - A decline in available nutrients may contribute to the loss of vigor observed in older chaparral stands. We examined N mineralization and the storage of C and N in the microbial biomass of soil along a fire-induced chaparral chronosequence in San Diego County, Calif. Soil was collected under chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum H. & A.) and ceanothus (Ceanothus greggii Gray var. perplexans (Trel.) Jeps) shrubs in stands burned 0, 2, 4, 11, 20, 54 and 80 yr prior to the study. Soil collected from the top 5 cm beneath chamise and ceanothus had similar microbial biomass patterns with stand aging. The amount of microbial C in soil remained relatively constant across the age gradient. Concentrations of microbial N and the amount of N mineralized fluctuated, with no significant trend across the stand-age gradient. For both chaparral species, NH sub(4) super(+) concentrations in soil were significantly higher in the recently burned stand (age = 0) than in stands burned from 2 to 80 yr earlier. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Fenn, ME AU - Poth, MA AU - Dunn, PH AU - Barro, S C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 457 EP - 466 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - nitrogen KW - soil micoorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - biomass KW - chaparral KW - fires KW - soil nutrients KW - age KW - mineralization KW - USA, California KW - gradients KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16699248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Microbial+N+and+biomass%2C+respiration+and+N+mineralization+in+soils+beneath+two+chaparral+species+along+a+fire-induced+age+gradient.&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BPoth%2C+MA%3BDunn%2C+PH%3BBarro%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; biomass; respiration; mineralization; soil nutrients; age; gradients; fires; chaparral ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of tropical soils as sinks or sources of atmospheric carbon. AN - 16698484; 2978719 AB - The prevailing paradigm for anticipating changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) with changes in land use postulates reductions in SOC in managed systems (agriculture and tree plantations) relative to mature tropical forests. Variations of this notion are used in carbon models to predict the role of tropical soils in the global carbon cycle. Invariably these models show tropical soils as sources of atmospheric carbon. We present data from a variety of studies that show that SOC in managed systems can be lower, the same as, or greater than mature tropical forests and that SOC can increase rapidly after the abandonment of agricultural fields. The greatest potential for carbon sequestration in tropical soils is in the forest fallows which cover some 250 million hectares. Increased attention to SOC by land managers can result in greater rates of carbon sequestration than predicted by current SOC models. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Lugo, A E AU - Brown, S AD - Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., South. Forest Exp. Stn., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, P.R. 00928-2500, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 27 EP - 41 VL - 149 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - carbon sources KW - environment management KW - soil KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16698484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Management+of+tropical+soils+as+sinks+or+sources+of+atmospheric+carbon.&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BBrown%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tropical environment; soil; carbon sources; environment management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and excretion of [ super(14)C] fumonisin B sub(1) in male Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 16698354; 3504763 AB - [ super(14)C]Fumonisin B sub(1) was biosynthetically produced by the addition of [ super(14)C]methyl methionine to a liquid culture of Fusarium moniliforme. The labeled toxin was then administered to rats intragastrically in one study and intravenously in another. The rats were killed at intervals up to 96 hr after dosing. In a third study, rats were dosed intragastrically 3 times at 24 hr intervals, and killed at intervals up to 144 hr after the first dose. After intragastric administration, up to 80 percent of the radiolabel was recovered in feces and up to 3% in urine. The remainder of the radioactivity was distributed in tissues, with the liver, kidney, and blood having the highest percentages. The radioactivity appeared to persist in these tissues for the duration of the experiment. This observation was duplicated in rats dosed intravenously, as well as the fact that urinary excretion of systemic [ super(14)C]fumonism B sub(1) takes place. Also observed during the intravenous study was the elimination of up to 35% of the radiolabel in feces, indicating that fumonisin B sub(1) and/or its metabolites undergoes biliary excretion. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Norred, W P AU - Plattner, R D AU - Chamberlain, W J AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 341 EP - 346 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisins KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - excretion KW - distribution KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16698354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+excretion+of+%5B+super%2814%29C%5D+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+male+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - distribution; excretion; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizal colonization of corn co-inhabited by biopesticidal-recombinant Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis AN - 16697707; 3503177 AB - The wild-type xylem-inhabiting bacterial endophyte Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (Cxc WT MDE1) does not interfere with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungal colonization of field corn (Zea mays L., Dekalb T-1100) at 5, 10, and 24 weeks. Similarly, corn inoculated with a recombinant strain (Cxc/Bt MDR1.3) containing the gene encoding for production of the delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was not significantly different from the Cxc-WT-containing or Cxc-free plants in VAM fungal colonization at 5 weeks. By 10 weeks, the period within which phosphorus (P) uptake is critical for corn development, Cxc/Bt-inoculated plants had a significantly greater percentage of VAM fungal colonization than the Cxc-free plants. VAM colonization was significantly less in Cxc/WT and Cxc/Bt plants than in non-Cxc plants at 24 weeks. Plant tissue P at 10 weeks was greater for plants colonized by wild-type Cxc/WT or recombinant Cxc/Bt in the field experiments where Gigaspora margarita was the predominant VAM fungus. In greenhouse tests with Glomus intraradices INVAM 208, Glomus mosseae INVAM 156, and Glomus etunicatum B1, the recombinant Cxc/Bt had no significant effect on plant height, weight, P, Cu, or percentage colonization. Significantly increased (but non-phytotoxic) plant tissue Zn was present in plants co-inoculated with Cxc/Bt, G. mosseae, and G. etunicatum. Cxc/WT and Cxc/Bt do not significantly interfere with VAM colonization or VAM-mediated plant growth processes. JF - Microbial Releases AU - Millner, P D AU - Kitt, D G AD - Soil-Microb. Sys. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 EP - 84 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 0940-9653, 0940-9653 KW - Clavibacter xyli KW - Clavibacter xyli cynodontis KW - delta -endotoxin KW - subsp.cynodontis KW - subsp.kurstaki KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - Zea mays KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - recombinant KW - Glomus KW - mycorrhizas KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - colonization KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16697707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Releases&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizal+colonization+of+corn+co-inhabited+by+biopesticidal-recombinant+Clavibacter+xyli+subsp.+cynodontis&rft.au=Millner%2C+P+D%3BKitt%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Millner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Releases&rft.issn=09409653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; recombinant; mycorrhizas; colonization; Zea mays; Gigaspora margarita; Bacillus thuringiensis; Glomus; Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutathione-mediated methylthio-turnover and sex differences in the metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole by rat AN - 16697329; 3503074 AB - Sex differences observed in the metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole in rat were due to: (1) greater excretion in urine by females, and greater biliary excretion by males; (2) formation of pentachlorophenyl mercapturic acid pathway metabolites by females; and (3) redox-cycling between methylthio and methylsulphoxyl oxidation congeners in intermediary metabolites by females. Three methylthio-turnover processes are proposed in the intermediary metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Bakke, JE AU - Mulford, D J AU - Huwe, J K AU - Feil, V J AU - Davison, K L AD - USDA, ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., PO Box 5674-Univ. Stn., Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 949 EP - 960 VL - 23 IS - 8 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - methylthio KW - pentachlorothioanisole KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - turnover KW - sex differences KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16697329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Glutathione-mediated+methylthio-turnover+and+sex+differences+in+the+metabolism+of+pentachlorothioanisole+by+rat&rft.au=Bakke%2C+JE%3BMulford%2C+D+J%3BHuwe%2C+J+K%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BDavison%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - turnover; metabolism; sex differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel method for identifying new conidia in submerged liquid culture AN - 16697006; 3503183 AB - In Alternaria spp. there is no morphological difference between newly formed conidia and old conidia and the inability to distinguish the two has hampered efforts to increase or improve conditions for conidia production. Consequently, a staining procedure was sought to identify newly formed spores in fungi, such as A. crassa and A. cassiae, where spore production may be limited by numerous factors. Studies were conducted in column bioreactors containing a minimal medium. Conidial inoculum was stained with Nile red fluorescent dye and added to the column bioreactors yielding final concentrations of 1 x 10 super(3) to 1 x 10 super(4) conidia/ml. Between 430 and 3.5 x 10 super(3) conidia/ml were recovered from each fungus after 96 h in minimal media and approximately 20% of the total spores were identified as new conidia. JF - Mycologia AU - Howard, K M AU - Smart, M G AU - Bothast, R J AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 127 EP - 130 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - new KW - Nile red KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - conidia KW - Alternaria KW - staining KW - fluorescence KW - identification KW - liquid culture KW - bioreactors KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16697006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=A+novel+method+for+identifying+new+conidia+in+submerged+liquid+culture&rft.au=Howard%2C+K+M%3BSmart%2C+M+G%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria; liquid culture; conidia; identification; bioreactors; staining; fluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative studies of Cryptosporiopsis curvispora and C. perennans. I. Morphology and pathogenic behavior AN - 16696810; 3505542 AB - Macroconidia of Cryptosporiopsis curvispora, cause of apple anthracnose, consistently displayed high curvature while those of C. perennans, cause of perennial canker, displayed low curvature when representative isolates of both species were separately and simultaneously inoculated into apple branches. Highly curved macroconidia were occasionally produced on potato dextrose agar by the former species but never by the latter. Conidia produced on V8-oatmeal agar differed significantly between species in regard to lengths, widths and correlation coefficients between lengths and widths. No species differences in conidial wall topography were seen with scanning electron microscopy. Only C. curvispora produced abundant pulvinate conidiomata as cultures aged on potato dextrose agar; only C. perennans produced synnemata without expanded apices on V8-oatmeal agar. On lesions of inoculated apple fruit C. perennans produced significantly more conidia than C. curvispora, but the species did not differ with regard to appressorium formation or lesion size on fruit or canker extension on branches. JF - Mycologia AU - Dugan, F M AU - Grove, G G AU - Rogers, J D AD - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 551 EP - 564 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - macroconidia KW - Cryptosporiopsis curvispora KW - Cryptosporiopsis perennans KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - conidia KW - pathogenesis KW - anthracnose KW - comparison KW - morphology KW - canker KW - Malus KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16696810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Comparative+studies+of+Cryptosporiopsis+curvispora+and+C.+perennans.+I.+Morphology+and+pathogenic+behavior&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BGrove%2C+G+G%3BRogers%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus; anthracnose; conidia; comparison; morphology; pathogenesis; canker ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative studies of Cryptosporiopsis curvispora and C. perennans. II. Cytology and vegetative compatibility AN - 16696786; 3505541 AB - Cryptosporiopsis curvispora, cause of apple anthracnose, and C. perennans, cause of perennial canker, were indistinguishable in gross cytology; macroconidia, microconidia, phialides and hyphal cells of each species were mostly uninucleate. Complementation of nitrate-nonutilizing mutants occurred within and between isolates of each species but not between species. Such complementations were common within and between isolates of C. perennans but rare within and between isolates of C. curvispora. The two fungi are considered to be distinct species. The teleomorph of C. perennans is transferred to Pezicula as P. perennans comb. nov. JF - Mycologia AU - Dugan, F M AU - Roberts, R G AU - Grove, G G AD - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 565 EP - 573 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - vegetative compatibility KW - Cryptosporiopsis curvispora KW - Cryptosporiopsis perennans KW - Pezicula perennans KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - compatibility KW - perfect state KW - taxonomic revision KW - anthracnose KW - comparison KW - canker KW - cytology KW - Malus KW - comb.nov. KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16696786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Comparative+studies+of+Cryptosporiopsis+curvispora+and+C.+perennans.+II.+Cytology+and+vegetative+compatibility&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BRoberts%2C+R+G%3BGrove%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus; comparison; anthracnose; canker; cytology; comb.nov.; taxonomic revision; perfect state; compatibility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The uredinial state of Puccinia festucae-ovinae AN - 16696744; 3505571 AB - The type of Puccinia festucae-ovinae Tai on leaves of sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.) contains five previously unreported uredinia. We present an emended description of this species which was originally described from telia. JF - Mycologia AU - Kulik, M M AU - Dery, P D AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 711 EP - 713 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Puccinia festucae-ovinae KW - description KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - urediniospores KW - rust KW - leaves KW - Festuca ovina KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16696744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=The+uredinial+state+of+Puccinia+festucae-ovinae&rft.au=Kulik%2C+M+M%3BDery%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Kulik&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Festuca ovina; urediniospores; leaves; rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Tox5 gene expression in Gibberella pulicaris strains with different trichothecene production phenotypes AN - 16695971; 3505424 AB - The Tox5 gene encodes trichodiene synthase, the first unique enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. In Gibberella pulicaris R-6380, the level of Tox5 mRNA was found to increase 47-fold in early stationary phase. Sequence analysis of the Tox5 promoter regions from geographically distinct strains of G. pulicaris revealed the existence of two Tox5 alleles (Tox5-1 and Tox5-2). All G. pulicaris strains that produce high levels of trichothecenes in liquid culture carry a 42-nucleotide (nt) tandem repeat sequence (Tox5-1) in the Tox5 promoter region, whereas strains that produce low levels of trichothecenes carry a single copy of this sequence (Tox5-2). A genetic cross between high- and low-level trichothecene producers resulted in the cosegregation of higher-level trichothecene production with the Tox5-1 allele. To determine the importance of the 42-nt repeat sequence in the regulation of Tox5 expression, reporter gene constructs carrying either the Tox5-1 or the Tox5-2 promoter region fused to the beta -galactosidase gene of Escherichia coli were introduced into the high-level trichothecene producing strain, R-6380. Expression of reporter gene activity in transformants was found to be regulated in a manner similar to Tox5 expression but appeared to be independent of the 42-nt sequence copy number. These results indicate that transcriptional controls play an important role in the regulation of Tox5 expression and that genes involved in trichothecene biosynthesis in G. pulicaris may be linked to Tox5. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hohn, T M AU - Desjardins, A E AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Nat. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2359 EP - 2363 VL - 59 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Tox5 gene KW - trichothecenes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - protein biosynthesis KW - Gibberella pulicaris KW - genes KW - production KW - gene expression KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16695971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Tox5+gene+expression+in+Gibberella+pulicaris+strains+with+different+trichothecene+production+phenotypes&rft.au=Hohn%2C+T+M%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Hohn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gibberella pulicaris; gene expression; genes; production; protein biosynthesis; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraorchard changes in distribution of winterform pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) associated with leaf fall in pear AN - 16695923; 3503333 AB - Early-fall densities of winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were higher on 'D'Anjou' than on 'Bartlett' pear and were higher in the upper tree canopy than in the lower canopy. These varietal and height effects were not consistent over the duration of the fall sampling period; early fall differences between varieties or canopy heights in psylla densities declined, disappeared, or were reversed by late fall. We suggest that leaf fall displaced psylla from the pear tree upon which psylla relocated within the pear orchard. Five observations in support of this hypothesis include: (1) water pan traps caught large numbers of pear psylla during leaf fall; (2) water pan catch of psylla and of leaves were positively correlated; (3) a sharp decline in psylla densities on the tree accompanied leaf fall; (4) statistical analyses showed that magnitude or direction of variety and height effects changed significantly between early (before leaf drop) and late (after leaf drop) fall; (5) yellow sticky trap catch, which should be an indicator of flight activity, tended to track water pan catch of leaves and psylla. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Burts, E C AU - Unruh, T R AU - Krysan, J L AU - Coop, L B AU - Croft, BA AD - Yakima Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 599 EP - 608 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Psyllidae KW - Pyrus communis KW - spatial distribution KW - USA, Washington KW - pests KW - orchards KW - Homoptera KW - leaf fall KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16695923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Intraorchard+changes+in+distribution+of+winterform+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29+associated+with+leaf+fall+in+pear&rft.au=Horton%3BBurts%2C+E+C%3BUnruh%2C+T+R%3BKrysan%2C+J+L%3BCoop%2C+L+B%3BCroft%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=599&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Pyrus communis; Psyllidae; Homoptera; USA, Washington; population density; spatial distribution; orchards; leaf fall; pests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects on bedload transport of experimental removal of woody debris from a forest gravel-bed stream AN - 16695265; 3505406 AB - Experimental removal of woody debris from a small, gravel-bed stream in a forested area resulted in a four-fold increase in bedload transport at bankfull discharge. This was caused by increased transportability of sediment previously stored upslope of debris buttresses or in low-energy hydraulic environments related to debris. Bank erosion delivered additional sediment to the channel, and transport energy was increased by an inferred increase in the component of total boundary shear stress affecting grains on the bed. Increased transport following debris removal in May 1987 continued throughout the entire autumn storm season through late November 1987, indicating persistent adjustment of the stream bed and banks despite marked response to earlier flows as large as bankfull. Stream bed adjustments included development of a semi-regular sequence of alternate bars and pools, many of which were spaced independently of former pool locations. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Smith, R D AU - Sidle, R C AU - Porter, P E AD - U.S.D.A., Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 2770 Sherwood Ln., Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 455 EP - 468 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - channel erosion KW - forest hydrology KW - stream flow rate KW - streams KW - woody debris removal KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - hydrology KW - sediment transport KW - Freshwater KW - detritus KW - bed load KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16695265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Effects+on+bedload+transport+of+experimental+removal+of+woody+debris+from+a+forest+gravel-bed+stream&rft.au=Smith%2C+R+D%3BSidle%2C+R+C%3BPorter%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; bed load; sediment transport; stream flow rate; detritus; forest hydrology; channel erosion; streams; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of xylooligosaccharides by selected ruminal bacteria AN - 16694397; 3054218 AB - The ability of ruminal bacteria to utilize xylooligosaccharides was examined. Xylooligosaccharides were prepared by partially hydrolyzing oat spelt xylan in phosphoric acid. This substrate solution was added (0.2%, wt/vol) to a complex medium containing yeast extract and Trypticase that was inoculated with individual species of ruminal bacteria, and growth and utilization were monitored over time. All of the xylanolytic bacteria examined were able to utilize this oligosaccharide mixture as a growth substrate. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Eubacterium ruminantium, and Ruminococcus albus used xylooligosaccharides and whole, unhydrolyzed xylan to similar extents, while Prevotella ruminicola used twice as much xylooligosaccharides as xylan (76 versus 34%). Strains of Selenomonas ruminantium were the only nonxylanolytic species that were able to grow on xylooligosaccharides. The ability of individual S. ruminantium strains to utilize xylooligosaccharides was correlated with the presence of xylosidase and arabinosidases activities. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cotta, MA AD - Ferm. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3557 EP - 3563 VL - 59 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - xylans KW - oligosaccharides KW - xylosidase KW - arabinosidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - hydrolysis KW - nutrient utilization KW - rumen microorganisms KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16694397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+xylooligosaccharides+by+selected+ruminal+bacteria&rft.au=Cotta%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rumen microorganisms; nutrient utilization; hydrolysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat selection of Merriam's turkey (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) hens with poults in the Black Hills, South Dakota AN - 16694184; 3501437 AB - We studied habitat selection patterns of Merriam's Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) hens with poults in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) ecosystem. Thirty-six radio-marked hens produced 19 broods, and we obtained 230 locations of hens with poults. We described vegetation of habitats using criteria from the Rocky Mountain Region, U.S. Forest Service, for determining effects of forest management and monitoring of wildlife populations. Most habitat units were 4-32 ha and corresponded to third-order habitats as described by Johnson (1980). Hens with poults selected large meadows and rarely selected dense ponderosa pine habitats. Younger poults used meadows more frequently than did older poults. Implementation of the Black Hills National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan in ponderosa pine habitats will not negatively impact hens with poults. Grazing by livestock reduces herbaceous biomass necessary for invertebrate food items of poults and cover for poults. Habitat selection patterns of hens with poults should be evaluated by age categories of poults. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Rumble, MA AU - Anderson, SH AD - USDA Forest Serv., 501 E. St. Joseph St., South Dakota Sch. Mines, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 131 EP - 136 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, South Dakota KW - forest management KW - habitat selection KW - Meleagris gallopavo merriami KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16694184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Habitat+selection+of+Merriam%27s+turkey+%28Meleagris+gallopavo+merriami%29+hens+with+poults+in+the+Black+Hills%2C+South+Dakota&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA%3BAnderson%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo merriami; USA, South Dakota; habitat selection; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil aluminium effects on uptake, influx, and transport of nutrients in sorghum genotypes AN - 16693343; 3501393 AB - Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop of the world. In South America, it is grown mainly on acid soils, and its production on these soils is limited by deficient levels of available P, Ca, Mg, and micronutrients, and toxic levels of Al and Mn. A greenhouse experiment was undertaken to evaluate the genotypic differences in sorghum for uptake (U), inhibition (IH), influx (IN) into roots, and transport (TR) to shoot for nutrients at three levels of soil Al saturation (2, 41, 64%). Overall shoot nutrient U, IN, and TR showed a significant inverse correlation with soil Al saturation and shoot Al concentration, and a significant positive correlation with shoot and root dry weight. The nutrient uptake parameters differentiated genotypes into most and least efficient categories at various levels of soil Al saturation. The nutrient uptake parameters showed significant differences with respect to soil Al saturation, genotypes, and their interactions. In the current study, Al tolerant genotypes recorded higher IN and TR for P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe than Al-sensitive genotypes. Therefore, these U, IN, and TR traits could be used in selection of sorghum plants adaptable to acid soils. Sorghum genotypes used in this study showed intraspecific genetic diversity in U, IN, and TR for essential nutrients. It was concluded that selection of acid soil tolerant genotypes and further breeding of acid (Al) tolerant sorghum cultivars are feasible. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Baligar, V C AU - Schaffert, R E AU - Dos Santos, HL AU - Pitta, GVE AU - De C. Bahia Filho, AF AD - USDA, ARS, ASWCRL Lab., Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 271 EP - 277 VL - 150 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - nutrient influx KW - aluminum KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - concentration KW - soil pH KW - soil chemistry KW - nutrient transport KW - nutrient uptake KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16693343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+aluminium+effects+on+uptake%2C+influx%2C+and+transport+of+nutrients+in+sorghum+genotypes&rft.au=Baligar%2C+V+C%3BSchaffert%2C+R+E%3BDos+Santos%2C+HL%3BPitta%2C+GVE%3BDe+C.+Bahia+Filho%2C+AF&rft.aulast=Baligar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorghum bicolor; nutrient uptake; nutrient transport; soil chemistry; concentration; soil pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Discula destructiva and other fungi from seeds of dogwood trees AN - 16692834; 3501835 AB - Dogwood fruit were collected from trees with symptoms of dogwood anthracnose in 11 locations in western North Carolina in September 1989-1991. Fruit from each location were divided into four groups based on symptoms: completely necrotic, discrete necrotic lesions, shriveled without necrosis, and symptomless. Fruit and extracted seeds were surface-disinfested and placed on acidified potato-dextrose agar. Discula destructiva was isolated more often from seeds than from whole fruit, particularly from seeds extracted from completely necrotic fruit. The mean isolation frequency from extracted seeds was 0.12 in 1989, following a wet summer. D. destructiva was isolated from only 0.008 and 0.05 of extracted seeds in 1990 and 1991, respectively, when spring and early-summer rains were followed by midsummer dry periods. Infected seeds could provide a mechanism for long-distance dispersal of D. destructiva by animals or birds. JF - Plant Disease AU - Britton, KO AU - Roncadori, R W AU - Hendrix, F F AD - USDA Forest Serv., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1026 EP - 1028 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, North Carolina KW - disease transmission KW - fruits KW - Discula destructiva KW - isolation KW - trees KW - seeds KW - necrosis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16692834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Discula+destructiva+and+other+fungi+from+seeds+of+dogwood+trees&rft.au=Britton%2C+KO%3BRoncadori%2C+R+W%3BHendrix%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=KO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1026&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Discula destructiva; USA, North Carolina; isolation; trees; necrosis; fruits; seeds; disease transmission ER - TY - CONF T1 - Regional monitoring with plot networks AN - 16692781; 3501402 AB - The national Forest Health Detection Monitoring Program, was initiated first in the eastern United States, in partial response to findings from the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. This paper presents an overview of that program as it is extended from its focus in the eastern United States to a national program. The paper describes the basic concerns driving the program; presents a summary of the sampling design; emphasizes the importance of proper planning, beginning with an information needs assessment with the various data and information users; and discusses the process of selecting data elements and indicators of change to monitor. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Labau, V J Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 283 EP - 294 VL - 26 IS - 2-3 KW - Forest Health Detection Monitoring Program KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - environmental monitoring KW - USA KW - research programs KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16692781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Regional+monitoring+with+plot+networks&rft.au=Labau%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Labau&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of tobacco NADH-hydroxypyruvate reductase by expression of a heterologous antisense RNA derived from a cucumber cDNA: Implications for the mechanism of action of antisense RNAs AN - 16692278; 3501813 AB - Tobacco plants were genetically transformed to generate antisense RNA from a gene construct comprised of a full-length cucumber NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) cDNA placed in reverse orientation between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a nopaline synthase termination/polyadenylation signal sequence. In vivo accumulation of antisense HPR RNA within eight independent transgenic tobacco plants resulted in reductions of up to 50% in both native HPR activity and protein accumulation relative to untransformed tobacco plants. However, in contrast to previous reports describing antisense RNA effects in plants, production of the heterologous HPR antisense RNA did not systematically reduce levels of native tobacco HPR mRNA. Simple regression comparison of the steady-state levels of tobacco HPR mRNA to those of HPR antisense RNA showed a weak positive correlation, supporting the conclusion that native mRNA levels were not reduced within antisense plants. The results suggest that in vivo production of this heterologous HPR antisense RNA is inhibitory at the level of HPR-specific translation and produces its effect in a manner not dependent upon, nor resulting in, a reduction in steady-state native HPR mRNA levels. In this context, the observed antisense effect appears to differ mechanistically from most antisense systems described to date. JF - Molecular and General Genetics AU - Oliver, MJ AU - Ferguson, D L AU - Burke, J J AU - Velten, J AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Res. Lab., Plant Stress and Water Conserv. Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 425 EP - 434 VL - 239 IS - 3 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - NADH-hydroxypyruvate reductase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - antisense KW - Cucumis sativus KW - RNA KW - transgenic plants KW - inhibition KW - gene expression KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - N 14560:Antisense research KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16692278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+General+Genetics&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+tobacco+NADH-hydroxypyruvate+reductase+by+expression+of+a+heterologous+antisense+RNA+derived+from+a+cucumber+cDNA%3A+Implications+for+the+mechanism+of+action+of+antisense+RNAs&rft.au=Oliver%2C+MJ%3BFerguson%2C+D+L%3BBurke%2C+J+J%3BVelten%2C+J&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=239&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+General+Genetics&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antisense; transgenic plants; RNA; inhibition; gene expression; Cucumis sativus; Nicotiana tabacum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of isozyme analysis for identification of plant-pathogenic fungi AN - 16691906; 3501880 AB - Isozyme analysis is a powerful biochemical technique that has numerous applications in plant pathology. It has long been used by geneticists to study the population genetics of fish, mammals, insects, nematodes, and plants. Mycologists and plant pathologists have adopted the procedure more recently, and it is now being used routinely to settle taxonomic disputes, identify cultures, "fingerprint" patentable fungal lines, analyze genetic variability, trace pathogen spread, follow the segregation of genetic loci, and identify ploidy levels of fungi and other plant pathogens. These topics have been reviewed (9,12,15), and the large number of new publications in this field each year indicates the widespread interest in the subject. At the Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research (FDWSR) in Frederick, Maryland, we routinely use isozyme analysis to identify and study the genetic makeup of exotic pathogens, often of quarantine significance. In this paper, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of isozyme analysis over other identification techniques and describe how isozyme studies can be designed to differentiate pathogens. JF - Plant Disease AU - Micales, JA AU - Peterson, G L AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis. Weed Sci. Res., Build. 1301, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 961 EP - 968 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fungi KW - identification KW - plant diseases KW - isoenzymes KW - methodology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16691906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+use+of+isozyme+analysis+for+identification+of+plant-pathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Micales%2C+JA%3BPeterson%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Micales&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; identification; plant diseases; isoenzymes; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A vacuum collection and seed separation technique for enumeration of sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea in perennial ryegrass fields AN - 16691333; 3501837 AB - A portable electric wet-dry shop vacuum run by a gas-powered generator was used to collect sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea from 1-m super(2) areas in a commercial field of perennial ryegrass. Sclerotia were separated from soil and straw residue using an air-screen (seed separation) machine, in which samples were partitioned based on particle width and thickness, and terminal velocity. The procedure also was used to determine the number of sclerotia in bales of annual ryegrass straw. Efficiency of recovery of sclerotia using the air-screen machine with known numbers of ergot was 98-100%. Recovery by vacuum collection in the field of a known number of sclerotia distributed over surface residue and plant crowns was 83% plus or minus 4% in areas without soil cracks, 73% plus or minus 15% in areas with deep soil cracks, and 79% plus or minus 13% in areas selected at random. In perennial ryegrass with 23% of heads infected (two sclerotia per infected head), 39 sclerotia per square meter of soil surface were recovered. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AU - Churchill, D B AU - Bilsland, D M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1020 EP - 1022 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Claviceps purpurea KW - collection KW - Lolium perenne KW - sclerotia KW - seeds KW - enumeration KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16691333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+vacuum+collection+and+seed+separation+technique+for+enumeration+of+sclerotia+of+Claviceps+purpurea+in+perennial+ryegrass+fields&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C%3BChurchill%2C+D+B%3BBilsland%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Claviceps purpurea; Lolium perenne; sclerotia; enumeration; seeds; collection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal infection of nonwounded peach bark by Botryosphaeria dothidea . AN - 16676361; 3039475 AB - Conidial suspensions of Botryosphearia dothidea were applied at various concentrations to the nonwounded stems of 1-yr-old peach trees maintained under wet conditions for periods that varied. Bark necrosis increased with spore concentration and the duration of bark wetness. Similar inoculations made at 3-wk intervals during 1987 and 1989 revealed that infection occurred from March through August with a peak period from about late April through July or early August. A significant correlation was found between disease severity and temperature for a 3- to 6-wk period after inoculation. In two commercial orchards, stems of newly planted peach trees were periodically exposed to natural inoculum of B. dothidea . At 1-mo intervals from April 1988 through December 1989, water-excluding covers were removed from preselected trees for a 1-mo period. Infections occurred more frequently in the second season of growth (particularly during June and July) than in the season after planting. Disease severity was positively correlated with the availability of water-borne spores of B. dothidea . Nonwounded bark of 1- to 2-yr-old peach trees is susceptible to invasion by B. dothidea during most of, if not the entire, growing season. The amount of infection during this period depends on inoculum availability and environmental conditions. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pusey, P L AU - Bertrand, P F AD - USDA-ARS, Southeastern Fruit Tree Nut Res. Lab., P.O. Box 87, Byron, GA 31008, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 825 EP - 829 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Botryosphearia dothidea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - bark KW - infection KW - fruit trees KW - necrosis KW - seasonal variations KW - Prunus persica KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16676361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+infection+of+nonwounded+peach+bark+by+Botryosphaeria+dothidea+.&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L%3BBertrand%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus persica; fruit trees; bark; necrosis; seasonal variations; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of photoperiod and plant weight on tuber production by Potamogeton pectinatus L. AN - 16676244; 3040380 AB - Potamogeton pectinatus L., grown in greenhouse cultures, was harvested from three photoperiod treatments (16 h, 10 h, and 16 h switched to 10 h after four weeks) at weekly intervals. Plant weight increased over time, and those plants grown at a 16 h photoperiod showed the greatest increase. Plants began to produce tubers after 70 to 77 days at all photoperiods. Plants grown at the 16 h photoperiod and those initially grown at 16 h and switched to the 10 h photoperiod allocated less biomass to new tubers (ca. 5%) than those grown at the 10 h photoperiod (ca. 30%). Plants grown at the 10 h photoperiod had decreased weights of stems and leaves. Plants grown at the long photoperiod produced tubers after attaining dry weights between 0.8 and 1.0 g. Plants grown at the short photoperiods produced tubers regardless of plant weight, but the frequency of tuber production increased for larger plants. Changes in the pigment and protein content of leaves were not associated with the onset of tuber production. JF - Journal of freshwater ecology. La Crosse, WI AU - Spencer, D F AU - van Vierssen, W AU - Ryan, F J AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Bot. Dep., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616-8537, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - plant reproductive structures KW - tubers KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - light effects KW - weight KW - asexual reproduction KW - Potamogeton pectinatus KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - growth rate KW - photoperiods KW - vegetative reproduction KW - USA, California KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16676244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.atitle=Influence+of+photoperiod+and+plant+weight+on+tuber+production+by+Potamogeton+pectinatus+L.&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3Bvan+Vierssen%2C+W%3BRyan%2C+F+J%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - light effects; asexual reproduction; weight; plant reproductive structures; aquatic plants; growth rate; photoperiods; vegetative reproduction; tubers; Potamogeton pectinatus; USA, California; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Factors affecting preferential flow of water and atrazine through earthworm burrows under continuous no-till corn. AN - 16676241; 3033753 AB - Watershed studies have documented that summer storms produce less runoff from fields farmed with continuous no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.) than from the same soils when corn is produced with conventional tillage practices. The lack of tillage favors a continuous surface cover of crop residue and the persistence of earthworm burrows, which have been shown to be preferential flow paths for water and chemicals, especially during intense summer storms. We investigated factors affecting preferential water and chemical transport in burrows formed by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (L.) in the field using individual burrow samplers and in the laboratory using blocks of undisturbed soil subjected to simulated rainfall. Rainfall amount and intensity and antecedent soil moisture content affected the amount of water transmitted in earthworm burrows, with high intensity storms on relatively dry no-till soils producing the greatest amounts of preferential flow. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Edwards, WM AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Owens, L B AU - Dick, WA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 453 EP - 457 VL - 22 IS - 3 KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - Lumbricus terrestris KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - chemicals KW - fluid mechanics KW - atrazine KW - Zea mays KW - pollution dispersion KW - leaching KW - rain KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16676241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+preferential+flow+of+water+and+atrazine+through+earthworm+burrows+under+continuous+no-till+corn.&rft.au=Edwards%2C+WM%3BShipitalo%2C+MJ%3BOwens%2C+L+B%3BDick%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - RUSLE model description and database sensitivity. AN - 16675602; 3033754 AB - Water quality modeling generally requires estimates of the amount of eroded material entering water courses. This information is necessary because sediment often transports adsorbed chemicals. Numerous models have been developed to assist with assessment of this problem. These models often contain some modification of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). A recently initiated effort to improve USLE technology has produced a computer-based model, RUSLE (Revised USLE), which employs new relationships to estimate values of the six factors in the equation. Three input databases are required: climatic data, crop data, and field operations data. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Renard, K G AU - Ferreira, V A Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 458 EP - 466 VL - 22 IS - 3 KW - RUSLE KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - erosion KW - mathematical models KW - chemicals KW - runoff KW - data bases KW - sediments KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16675602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=RUSLE+model+description+and+database+sensitivity.&rft.au=Renard%2C+K+G%3BFerreira%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Renard&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some observations on cyclodextrin-mediated boosting of secreted amylolytic enzymes by Lactobacillus amylovorus . AN - 16675401; 3039217 AB - The amounts of a 160-kDa amylase and a 140-kDa alpha -amylase secreted into culture medium by the starch-utilizing Lactobacillus amylovorus were enhanced by the use of cyclodextrin (CD) as the carbon source. The levels of total extracellular alpha -amylase obtained with glucose as the carbon source could be boosted severalfold by use of CD. The best enhancer was beta -CD, and the rank order of best to least effective was beta -CD > alpha -CD = gamma -CD > glucose. Another amylase, a 65-kDa alpha -amylase, which degraded para-nitrophenyl- alpha (1,4)-D-glucopyranoside, was also detected in this study. The most effective enhancer in this case was alpha -CD, and the rank order was alpha -CD > beta -CD > gamma -CD much greater than glucose. Despite its ability to degrade p-nitrophenylated glucose, this enzyme did not convert maltose to glucose. It showed a cleared zone on starch zymograms and did degrade short maltodextrins to maltose. Neither this new alpha -amylase nor the 140-kDa alpha -amylase exhibited any detectable ring-decyclizing (cyclodextrinase) activity against alpha - or beta -CD. Other extracellular amylases (not characterized here) appeared to be similarly enhanced by CDs. Although the precise mechanism by which this effect is accomplished remains undefined, CDs can be useful inducing agents, boosting the expression and/or secretion of otherwise low-level enzymes, either as additives to growth media or as sole carbon source. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Burgess-Cassler, A AD - Biopolymer Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - amylase KW - cyclodextrin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - secretion KW - use KW - Lactobacillus amylovorus KW - enhancement KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16675401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Some+observations+on+cyclodextrin-mediated+boosting+of+secreted+amylolytic+enzymes+by+Lactobacillus+amylovorus+.&rft.au=Burgess-Cassler%2C+A&rft.aulast=Burgess-Cassler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactobacillus amylovorus; secretion; enhancement; use ER - TY - CONF T1 - Starch-encapsulated atrazine: Efficacy and transport. AN - 16675103; 3033752 AB - Current data indicate that pesticides are a contributor to the groundwater contamination problem, with the herbicide atrazine one of the most commonly found contaminates. Reports indicate that the highest levels of atrazine found appear to be associated with the heavy spring rains following application of presently used commercial formulations (CF) of atrazine. This work reports the role of new starch encapsulated (SE) granular formulations of atrazine that significantly reduce the initial mobility of atrazine without appreciable loss of weed control efficacy. Leaching studies in the laboratory indicate that SE formulations reduced movement of atrazine by 70% compared to CF in both silty clay loam and sandy soils following a 75 mm h super(-1) simulated rainfall. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Schreiber, M M AU - Hickman, M V AU - Vail, G D Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 443 EP - 453 VL - 22 IS - 3 KW - starch encapsulation KW - groundwater contamination KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - herbicides KW - water pollution control KW - atrazine KW - freshwater pollution KW - pollution dispersion KW - leaching KW - rain KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16675103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Starch-encapsulated+atrazine%3A+Efficacy+and+transport.&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+M+M%3BHickman%2C+M+V%3BVail%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of plant volatiles in host location by the specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). AN - 16674368; 3034678 AB - A study was conducted to determine the primary source of volatile cues within the plant-host complex used by host-seeking free-flying female Microplitis croceipes Cresson in flight tunnel bioassays. In single-source and two-choice tests, using wasps given an oviposition experience on either cotton (Gossypium hirsutum ) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ) seedlings damaged by corn earworm (CEW: Helicoverpa zea Boddie), the damaged seedlings were significantly more attractive than the CEW frass, which was in turn more attractive than the larvae themselves. In series of two-choice wind-tunnel tests, the discriminatory ability of the wasps was examined, following various oviposition experiences. Significantly more wasps flew to plants with "old" damage than to plants with "fresh"s damage, regardless of whether they had experience on fresh or old damage. In a comparison of plant species, wasps with only one experience on either host-damaged cotton or host-damaged cowpea were unable to distinguish between them, and showed no preference for either plant, whereas wasps with multiple experiences on a particular plant preferentially flew to that plant in the choice test. In comparing hosts with nonhosts, wasps successfully learned to distinguish CEW from beet armyworm (BAW; Spodoptera exigua ) on cotton but were unable to distinguish CEW from either BAW or cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni ) on cowpea. The results show the important role played by plant volatiles in the location of hosts by M. croceipes and indicate the wasps' limitations in discriminating among the various odors. The ecological advantages and disadvantages of this behavior are discussed. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - McCall, P J AU - Turlings, TCJ AU - Lewis, W J AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 625 EP - 639 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Braconidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Vigna unguiculata KW - experience KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - volatiles KW - host location KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16674368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Role+of+plant+volatiles+in+host+location+by+the+specialist+parasitoid+Microplitis+croceipes+Cresson+%28Braconidae%3A+Hymenoptera%29.&rft.au=McCall%2C+P+J%3BTurlings%2C+TCJ%3BLewis%2C+W+J%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=McCall&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Vigna unguiculata; Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera exigua; Trichoplusia ni; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Microplitis croceipes; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; volatiles; host location; experience ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural water quality priorities: A symposium overview. AN - 16674308; 3037278 AB - To meet the global needs of a growing population, both increased productivity and additional land may need to be dedicated to agriculture. However, to effectively evaluate the impact of new farming strategies and agricultural chemicals on the environment, a broad perspective is needed to prevent simply shifting pollution from one part of the hydrologic cycle to another. The loss of agricultural chemicals to the environment may include a combination of processes such as volatilization, runoff and leaching, each exhibiting considerable spatial and temporal dependency. Subsequent losses of agricultural chemicals to the environment may also be transported offsite, having a potential detrimental effect on the environment. This overview provides a brief introduction to the papers presented at a special USDA-ARS symposium entitled "Agricultural Water Quality Priorities, A Team Approach to Conserving Natural Resources." JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gish, T J AU - Sadeghi, A AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Bldg. 007, Room 104, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 389 EP - 391 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - agricultural runoff KW - chemicals KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - conferences KW - Freshwater KW - hydrology KW - chemical pollution KW - environmental impact KW - agriculture KW - runoff KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08501:General KW - D 04907:Conferences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16674308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Agricultural+water+quality+priorities%3A+A+symposium+overview.&rft.au=Gish%2C+T+J%3BSadeghi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Gish&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; chemical pollution; water quality; agricultural runoff; runoff; environmental impact; agriculture; conferences; leaching; chemicals; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a nonpheromonal attractant on movement and distribution of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). AN - 16673482; 3034746 AB - Responses of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte to a nonpheromonal attractant (4-methoxycinnamaldehyde) were monitored in commercial fields of maize, Zea mays L. Plots (16 by 16 m) were treated with 4, 16, or 64 cotton dental rolls (wicks) that each contained 2.5, 10, or 40 mg of attractant or with 252 wicks at 2.5 mg each. Counts of D. v. virgifera on maize plants in plots were not significantly affected by any of the treatments, but unbaited yellow sticky panels in plots with 64 wicks at 40 mg each captured significantly (four times) more females than those in untreated plots. Ratios of beetles captured on sticky traps baited with attractant to those on unbaited traps were not affected significantly by the amount of attractant per wick but declined from approximately equals 8:1 in plots with four wicks to 2:1 in plots with 64 or 252 wicks. A similar trend was observed using traps constructed from medicine vials that were or were not baited with 1.0 mg of 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde. In another study, beetles were marked and released 20 m away from either of two rows of maize that had been treated with 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde at 75 mg/m; capture in unbaited sticky traps that surrounded each release site provided no evidence that beetles were attracted toward treated rows. The attractant also did not appear to influence orientation of beetles that were observed taking flight from tops of posts 3 or 20 m from the treated rows. Given the results of these and earlier studies, nonpheromonal attractants may be of limited value in semiochemical-based broadcast baits for management of D. v. virgifera in maize. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lance AD - USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Hawaii Methods Dev. Stn., 41-650 Ahiki St., Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 654 EP - 662 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - spatial distribution KW - Zea mays KW - movements KW - attractants KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Coleoptera KW - traps KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16673482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+nonpheromonal+attractant+on+movement+and+distribution+of+adult+Diabrotica+virgifera+virgifera+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29.&rft.au=Lance&rft.aulast=Lance&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; attractants; movements; spatial distribution; traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retarding outbreak of low-density gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations with aerial applications of Gypchek and Bacillus thuringiensis . AN - 16672292; 3036890 AB - Low-density gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations in Virginia were aerially treated with the nucleopolyhedrosis virus (baculovirus) product Gypchek and with a commercial preparation (SAN 415 SC 32LV) of the NRD-12 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (Kurstak). Six 12.2-ha plots received two applications of Gypchek, each at the rate of 1.25 x 10 super(12) occlusion bodies in 18.7 liters of an aqueous tank mix per ha. Six 12.2-ha plots received two neat applications of SAN 415, each at the rate of 49.4 BIU in 5.96 liters per ha. Gypchek and SAN 415 treatments reduced numbers of egg masses by 92 and 94%, respectively, compared with numbers in six control plots. Weekly counts of live larvae found under burlap bands were significantly lower in Gypchek- and SAN 415-treated plots than in control plots, but defoliation differences between sprayed and control plots were not significant. Control plots displayed a second wave of larval mortality from naturally occurring nucleopolyhedrosis virus that was different from that seen in plots treated with Gypchek and SAN 415. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Podgwaite, J D AU - Dubois, N R AU - Reardon, R C AU - Witcosky, J AD - Cent. Biol. Control Northeast. Forest Insects and Dis., USDA-FS, 51 Mill Pond Rd., Hamden, CT 06514, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 730 EP - 734 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - nucleopolyhedrosis virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - baculovirus KW - Lymantriidae KW - biological control KW - population density KW - pest outbreaks KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16672292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Retarding+outbreak+of+low-density+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+populations+with+aerial+applications+of+Gypchek+and+Bacillus+thuringiensis+.&rft.au=Podgwaite%2C+J+D%3BDubois%2C+N+R%3BReardon%2C+R+C%3BWitcosky%2C+J&rft.aulast=Podgwaite&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=730&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; population density; pest outbreaks; pathogens; baculovirus; Lymantriidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Starch conversion by amylases from Aureobasidium pullulans AN - 16671657; 3683812 AB - A color variant strain (NRRL Y-12974) of Aureobasidium pullulans produced a saccharifying alpha -amylase and two forms of glucoamylase extracellularly when grown on starch at 28 degree C for 4 days. A sugar syrup containing DP1 (degree of polymerization) and DP2 (3:1) was made from maltodextrin DE (dextrose equivalent) 10 (35%, w/w) at 55 degree C and pH 4.5 using the amylase preparation (40 U/g DS (dry substance)). The syrup composition was highly dependent upon substrate concentration but nearly independent of enzyme dose. Glucose syrup containing 93% glucose was made from maltodextrin DE 10 (35%, w/w) at 65 degree C and pH 4.5 using the same enzyme preparation at 100 U/g DS. The enzyme preparation (100 U/g DS) produced 98-100% glucose from raw corn starch at pH 4.5 and 50 degree C. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 413 EP - 416 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - alpha -amylase KW - glucan 1,4- alpha -glucosidase KW - starch KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aureobasidium pullulans KW - extracellular enzymes KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16671657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Starch+conversion+by+amylases+from+Aureobasidium+pullulans&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aureobasidium pullulans; extracellular enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Vibrio cholerae toxin on oral immunization of chickens. AN - 16668666; 3031651 AB - Cholera toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been shown to increase the secretory immune response when given orally with some antigens in mice and rabbits. The present study was designed to determine if cholera toxin was also an effective mucosal adjuvant in chickens. Tetanus toxoid was chosen as a model antigen, and response was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of intestinal excreta, bile samples, and serum samples. Chickens given 20 mu g of tetanus toxoid had a significant suppression of response when 20 or 50 mu g of cholera toxin was given. Chickens given 100 mu g of tetanus toxoid appeared to be mucosally tolerant, but there was apparent abrogation of the mucosal tolerance when 20 or 50 mu g of cholera toxin was given. Cholera toxin apparently failed as a mucosal adjuvant in chickens but may have some anti-mucosal tolerogenic effect. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Porter, RE Jr AD - Poult. Microbiol. Saf. Res. Unit, Russell Res. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 427 EP - 432 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - effects on KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - immunization KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - toxins KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16668666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Vibrio+cholerae+toxin+on+oral+immunization+of+chickens.&rft.au=Meinersmann%2C+R+J%3BPorter%2C+RE+Jr&rft.aulast=Meinersmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; toxins; immunization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemiluminescent detection of potato and pome fruit viroids by digoxigenin-labeled dot blot and tissue blot hybridization. AN - 16668420; 3025301 AB - A chemiluminescent molecular hybridization protocol was compared to super(32)P autoradiography for detecting potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and apple scar skin group viroids (ASSVd). Labeled cRNA probes for PSTVd and ASSVd were synthesized by SP6 RNA polymerase transcription using digoxigenin-11-UTP or alpha -( super(32)P)UTP. Dot blot hybridization of purified viroids and sap extracts from infected plants showed that chemiluminescent detection using digoxigenin-labeled probes was as sensitive as autoradiography using super(32)P probes. A minimum of 2.0-2.5 pg purified viroid was detected. ASSVd could be detected in as little as 0.4 ng of total nucleic acid extract from infected tissue or in sap extracts diluted to 10 super(-3) with healthy extracts. Tissue blots of PSTVd-infected potato tubers and tomato roots, stems and leaves and ASSVd-infected apple fruit, stems and petioles, gave positive reactions when hybridized with the digoxigenin probe. No reaction with similar tissues from healthy plants was observed. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Podleckis, E V AU - Hammond, R W AU - Hurtt, S S AU - Hadidi, A AD - USDA, ARS, NGRL, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Rm. 252, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 147 EP - 158 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - digoxigenin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - chemiluminescence KW - potato spindle tuber viroid KW - apple scar skin viroid KW - hybridization KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16668420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Chemiluminescent+detection+of+potato+and+pome+fruit+viroids+by+digoxigenin-labeled+dot+blot+and+tissue+blot+hybridization.&rft.au=Podleckis%2C+E+V%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BHurtt%2C+S+S%3BHadidi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Podleckis&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - potato spindle tuber viroid; apple scar skin viroid; chemiluminescence; detection; hybridization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic affiliation of BEV, a bacterial parasite of the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus , on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences. AN - 16664651; 3020485 AB - The phylogenetic relationship of a nonflagellated, Gram-negative, rod-shaped intracellular bacterial parasite (BEV) of the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus to other bacteria within the class Proteobacteria was determined by sequence analysis of 16S rDNAs. The presence of specific signature nucleotides showed this bacterium to be a member of the gamma -3 subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony placed BEV within a clade in the Enterobacteriaceae, which includes a number of bacteria that are facultative symbiotes of insects and have a common ancestor with Proteus vulgaris . Within this clade, BEV is most closely related to a bacterium identified as the secondary endosymbiote of another homopteran, the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum . JF - Current Microbiology AU - Campbell, B C AU - Purcell, AH AD - Western Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 37 EP - 41 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Entomology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cicadellidae KW - genes KW - Proteobacteria KW - Euscelidius variegatus KW - phylogeny KW - endosymbionts KW - Homoptera KW - N 14414:Structure and sequence KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - G 07203:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16664651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+affiliation+of+BEV%2C+a+bacterial+parasite+of+the+leafhopper+Euscelidius+variegatus+%2C+on+the+basis+of+16S+rDNA+sequences.&rft.au=Campbell%2C+B+C%3BPurcell%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Proteobacteria; Euscelidius variegatus; Cicadellidae; Homoptera; phylogeny; genes; endosymbionts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) vuillemin in different tillage regimes and in Zea mays L. and virulence towards Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner). AN - 16663939; 3019475 AB - The entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, is an important component in the corn (Zea mays L.) agroecosystem; this pathogen was found in soil, living corn plants, and field corn residue. Beauveria bassiana occurs naturally in the soil within different tillage systems (plow, chisel, no-tillage), with an average of 51-74 colony forming units g super(-1) of soil. The natural inoculum was present in the crop residue from the different tillage systems, killing up to 84% of European corn borer larvae (Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner), Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) overwintering in the no-tillage regime. Of the larvae collected from corn late in the season, 100% of those killed by Beauveria bassiana were from plants colonized by Beauveria bassiana applied foliarly at the whorl-stage. However, the lack of mycosis in the total O. nubilalis population may have been a function of low concentrations of the fungus in the plants. Fungal samples isolated from internodal and nodal tissue of those plants maintained virulency, killing from 23-100% of exposed larvae. Beauveria bassiana has potential for environmentally safe insect suppression, in that it occurs naturally and can also be applied to field corn. Understanding the unique relationship between the soil, Beauveria bassiana , and Z. mays will be invaluable in furthering development and utilization of such fungi to manage insect pests of food plants. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Bing, LA AU - Lewis, L C AD - USDA/ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, Genet. Lab., c/o Insectary, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 147 EP - 156 VL - 45 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pyralidae KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Zea mays KW - virulence KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - pathogens KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Lepidoptera KW - K 03095:Soil KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16663939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+the+entomopathogen+Beauveria+bassiana+%28Balsamo%29+vuillemin+in+different+tillage+regimes+and+in+Zea+mays+L.+and+virulence+towards+Ostrinia+nubilalis+%28Huebner%29.&rft.au=Bing%2C+LA%3BLewis%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Bing&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - virulence; pathogens; entomopathogenic fungi; Pyralidae; Beauveria bassiana; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What are wetlands? A historical overview AN - 16659997; 3665763 AB - As of the mid-1980s, an estimated 103.3 million acres of wetlands remained in the lower 48 states, which represents a 53 percent decrease since the birth of our nation. This rate of loss, due to drainage and conversion for human development, has led to public awareness of the need to stem wetland losses; to protect and properly manage the remaining critical habitats; and to restore (when possible) wetlands to or near to their natural functional state. Managing and protecting wetland forests is a critical concern for the profession, and professional foresters must address this challenge. However, solving the controversy over how to delineate jurisdictional wetlands will have a major impact on managing forested wetlands. This article addresses the progression of wetland definition and delineation, an issue that has yet to be resolved. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Toliver, J AD - Forest Manage. Res., USDA Forest Serv., Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 12 EP - 14 VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - drainage effects KW - environment management KW - environmental legislation KW - environmental management KW - exploitation KW - forest hydrology KW - ground water KW - habitats KW - lacustrine sedimentation KW - management planning KW - protection KW - public opinion KW - resource management KW - terminology KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - hydrology KW - aquatic plants KW - USA KW - wetlands KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16659997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=What+are+wetlands%3F+A+historical+overview&rft.au=Toliver%2C+J&rft.aulast=Toliver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; protection; wetlands; terminology; environment management; aquatic plants; exploitation; environmental protection; resource management; environmental legislation; lacustrine sedimentation; ground water; public opinion; habitats; forest hydrology; management planning; drainage effects; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of substantial emissions of methanol from plants to the atmosphere. AN - 16657444; 3013323 AB - Measurements made on a number of plant species revealed that leaves emit methanol at rates comparable to those of other major biogenic volatile organic compounds, such as isoprene. Methanol emission originated within the leaf, was affected by leaf temperature, and closely followed changes in stomatal conductance. Observed methanol emission rates appear sufficient to be the source of greater-than-expected methanol concentrations recently measured in the rural troposphere. Plant methanol emission to the troposphere may be substantial and may contribute to tropospheric photochemistry and formaldehyde production. JF - Atmospheric Environment; Part A, General Topics AU - MacDonald, R C AU - Fall, R AD - USDA-NRICGP, 323 Aerospace Cent., Washington, DC 20250-2200, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1709 EP - 1713 VL - 27A IS - 11 SN - 0004-6981, 0004-6981 KW - methanol KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emissions KW - plants KW - atmosphere KW - formaldehyde KW - troposphere KW - air pollution KW - temperature KW - physiology KW - photochemicals KW - volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16657444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%3B+Part+A%2C+General+Topics&rft.atitle=Detection+of+substantial+emissions+of+methanol+from+plants+to+the+atmosphere.&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+R+C%3BFall%2C+R&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27A&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment%3B+Part+A%2C+General+Topics&rft.issn=00046981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants; emissions; volatile organic compounds; atmosphere; temperature; troposphere; photochemicals; formaldehyde; air pollution; physiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Past and prospective carbon storage in United States forests. AN - 16657299; 3034966 AB - Global concern about increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and the possible consequences of future climate changes have generated interest in understanding and quantifying the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. Historical changes in carbon storage in US forests have been estimated from periodic, comprehensive national inventories of forest resources. Since 1952, carbon stored on US timberland has increased by 38% or 8.8 x 10 super(15) g, primarily in the East. This increase is consistent with recently reported trends in Europe and account for as much as 21% of a hypothesized carbon sink in Northern temperate forests. Projections of changes in carbon storage over long periods of time were made with a carbon budget model that has been integrated with econometric models of the forest sector. Carbon storage is expected to increase until 2040, but at a slower rate than at present. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Birdsey, R A AU - Plantinga, A J AU - Heath, L S AD - Forest Serv.-USDA, Northeast. Forest Exper. Stn., 5 Radnor Corp. Cent., 100 Matsonford Rd., Radnor, PA 19087, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 33 EP - 40 VL - 58 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16657299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Past+and+prospective+carbon+storage+in+United+States+forests.&rft.au=Birdsey%2C+R+A%3BPlantinga%2C+A+J%3BHeath%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Birdsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; forests; storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary pH on amino acid utilization by shrimp (Penaeus vannamei ). AN - 16657056; 3044295 AB - A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary pH on amino acid utilization by juvenile Penaeus vannamei . A basal diet (diet 1), five diets (diets 2-6) supplemented with crystalline amino acids (AA) to simulate the AA pattern of shrimp protein and in which the dietary pH was adjusted from pH 4.8 to 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 plus or minus 0.2, and a 28% shrimp protein control diet (diet 7) were fed to shrimp to satiation 6 times per day for 10 weeks. Growth and feed consumption of shrimp were improved (P < 0.05) by supplementing AA and increasing the levels of dietary pH. Maximum weight gain, which was approximately 85% that of shrimp fed the control diet (diet 7), was obtained when the AA diet was adjusted to pH 8.0 (diet 6). However, this growth improvement was due to increased feed consumption rather than to improvement of nutritional value of diets. Shrimp fed diet 7 also had the best feed conversion (P < 0.05), which was about two-fold better than those obtained with other diets. There were no significant differences among the survival rates of shrimp fed the various diets. The pellet water stability at 1 and 3 h was similar for diets 2-6 and diets 1 and 7. However, the dry matter loss of diets 2-6 was approximately twice that of diets 1 and 7. The crude protein losses were negligible for diet 1, 7.0% for diet 7, and 21.2-22.3% for diets 2-6. The total essential amino acids (EAA) including cystine, at 1 h soaking, slightly increased for diets 1 and 7 but decreased by 27.5% for diet 6. JF - Aquaculture AU - Lim, C AD - Trop. Aquacult. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-PWA, Hawaii Inst. Mar. Biol., Kaneohe, HI, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 293 EP - 303 VL - 114 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Penaeus vannamei KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - amino acids KW - feed composition KW - shrimp culture KW - pH effects KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16657056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+pH+on+amino+acid+utilization+by+shrimp+%28Penaeus+vannamei+%29.&rft.au=Lim%2C+C&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - amino acids; shrimp culture; feed composition; pH effects; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of changes in short-term dietary zinc intake on ethanol metabolism and zinc status indices in young men. AN - 16655305; 3008316 AB - Eleven men aged 28.1 y, who lived in a metabolic unit, participated in a controlled study of zinc (Zn) metabolism. It began with a 28 d equilibrium period when dietary Zn was 10 mg/d, followed by dietary periods of 36 d each with 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg Zn/d presented in random order, and ended with a 36 d period when dietary Zn was 10 mg/d. Plasma Zn dropped to 4.0 mu mol/L in one subject and was significantly lower for all subjects (11.2 mu mol/L) during the 1 mg Zn/d dietary period than during the 10 mg Zn/d (13.6 mu mol/L) period. Serum alkaline phosphatase and testosterone followed a trend similar to that of Zn. Blood cell Zn was not significantly affected by dietary Zn. Apparent ethanol absorption, as evidenced by maximum serum ethanol concentration after a 0.5 g/k body weight dose and the time the maximum was reached, was not significantly affected by dietary Zn. The rate of ethanol clearance from the blood, measured between 120 and 240 minutes, was significantly affected by dietary Zn. JF - Nutrition Research AU - Milne, D B AU - Johnson, P E AD - USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, Univ. North Dakota, PO Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 511 EP - 521 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0271-5317, 0271-5317 KW - zinc KW - ethanol KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - intake KW - metabolism KW - man KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+changes+in+short-term+dietary+zinc+intake+on+ethanol+metabolism+and+zinc+status+indices+in+young+men.&rft.au=Milne%2C+D+B%3BJohnson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+Research&rft.issn=02715317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intake; metabolism; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elimination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meats by gamma irradiation. AN - 16654181; 2994287 AB - Undercooked and raw meat has been linked to outbreaks of hemorrhagic diarrhea due to the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7; therefore, treatment with ionizing radiation was investigated as a potential method for the elimination of this organism. Response-surface methods were used to study the effects of irradiation dose (0 to 2.0 kGy), temperature (-20 to +20 degree C), and atmosphere (air and vacuum) on E. coli O157:H7 in mechanically deboned chicken meat. Differences in irradiation dose and temperature significantly affected the results. Ninety percent of the viable E. coli in chicken meat was eliminated by doses of 0.27 kGy at +5 degree C and 0.42 kGy at -5 degree C. small, but significant, differences in radiation resistance by E. coli were found when finely ground lean beef rather than chicken was the substrate. Unlike nonirradiated samples, no measurable verotoxin was found in finely ground lean beef which had been inoculated with 10 super(4.8) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 per g, irradiated at a minimum dose of 1.5 kGy, and temperature abused at 35 degree C for 20 h. Irradiation is an effective method to control this food-borne pathogen. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AD - Food Saf. Res. Unit, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1030 EP - 1034 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - food-borne diseases KW - disease control KW - meat products KW - atmospheric conditions KW - poultry KW - temperature KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - radiation KW - ionizing radiation KW - food contamination KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16654181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Elimination+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+meats+by+gamma+irradiation.&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; food contamination; radiation; temperature; ionizing radiation; food-borne diseases; disease control; meat products; atmospheric conditions; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 isolates from market-stressed feeder calves by use of enzyme and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. AN - 16651640; 2992270 AB - An epidemiologic study of Pasteurella haemolytica serovar 1 (Ph1) in market-stressed feeder calves from 7 farms in eastern Tennessee was conducted. The nasal mucus of each calf was cultured sequentially at the farm of origin (day 0), at an auction market (day 133), and at a feedyard in Texas (days 141, 148, 155, and 169). Of the 103 calves tested, 77 were culture-positive, including 1 on day 0, 1 on day 133, 20 on day 141, 57 on day 148, 50 on day 155, and 14 on day 169. From the 143 Ph1 isolates, 20 enzyme profiles were determined by use of a commercial enzyme system that detects 19 enzymatic reactions; 4 antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were obtained, using the disk-diffusion method, which evaluated susceptibility to 11 antibacterial drugs. All isolates were positive for acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The data indicate that the strains isolated during the feedyard period may have been determined more by farm of origin than by habitation with calves from other farms while in the feedyard. The combined enzyme and antimicrobial susceptibility profile method is a rapid and simple epidemiologic technique for tracking Ph1 strains in market-stressed feeder calves. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Scanlan, C M AU - Loan, R W AU - Foster, G S AD - USDA-ARS, Conservation and Production Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 92 EP - 98 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - identification KW - pasteurellosis KW - drug sensitivity testing KW - epidemiology KW - enzymes KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16651640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+A1+isolates+from+market-stressed+feeder+calves+by+use+of+enzyme+and+antimicrobial+susceptibility+profiles.&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BScanlan%2C+C+M%3BLoan%2C+R+W%3BFoster%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; identification; enzymes; drug sensitivity testing; epidemiology; pasteurellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of amino acids on the heat production and growth efficiency of Streptococcus bovis : Balance of anabolic and catabolic rates. AN - 16651563; 2989361 AB - Streptococcus bovis JB1 grew nearly twice as fast (0.9 versus 1.6 h super(-1)) and had a 40% greater growth yield (18 versus 12.5 mg of protein per mmol of glucose) when an ammonia-based medium was supplemented with amino acids, but the glucose consumption rate (88 mu mol mg of protein super(-1) h super(-1)) and specific rate of heat production (2.1 mW/mg of protein) were unaffected. Amino acid availability had little effect on the catabolic rate, but the specific heat decreased 40% (8.8 to 5.2 J/mg of protein). These growth rate-dependent changes in metabolic efficiency were fivefold greater than the maintenance energy. Chloramphenicol (100 mg/l), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, caused a gradual decrease in anabolic (growth) rate, but there was little change in the rate of glucose consumption and the specific heat increased. When growth was inhibited by iodoacetate, the catabolic and anabolic rates both declined and there was no increase in specific heat. On the basis of these results, the benefit of amino acid supplementation was largely explained by the balance of anabolic and catabolic rates. When amino acids were available, the anabolic and catabolic rates were more closely matched and less energy was spilled as heat. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Russell, J B AD - ARS-USDA, and Sect. Microbiol., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1747 EP - 1751 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - amino acids KW - fermentation KW - growth KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16651563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+amino+acids+on+the+heat+production+and+growth+efficiency+of+Streptococcus+bovis+%3A+Balance+of+anabolic+and+catabolic+rates.&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; amino acids; growth; fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unexpected, well-developed nestmate recognition in laboratory colonies of polygyne imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). AN - 16651524; 3034665 AB - Aggression bioassays were used to investigate nestmate recognition in polygyne laboratory colonies of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Unlike workers from polygyne field colonies, laboratory-maintained (> 10 weeks) workers exhibited well-developed nestmate recognition. As in monogyne colonies of this species, both heritable and environmentally acquired (diet) odors provided recognition cues and were roughly additive in their effect. Within diet treatments, polygyne colonies responded in a graded fashion to polygyne conspecifics, monogyne conspecifics, and heterospecifics (S. richteri Forel), thus suggesting incipient genetic divergence between the two S. invicta social forms. Hypotheses to account for the acute intraspecific discrimination observed in the laboratory are presented. Empirical testing of these hypotheses will illuminate ecological constraints and proximate mechanisms underlying the reduced intercolony discrimination associated with natural polygyne colonies of this and other ant species. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Obin AU - Morel, L AU - Vander Meer, RK AD - USDA-ARS Human Nutrition Res. Cent. on Aging at Tufts Univ., 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 579 EP - 589 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - olfactory discrimination KW - recognition KW - colonial characteristics KW - Formicidae KW - Solenopsis richteri KW - Hymenoptera KW - polygyny KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16651524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Unexpected%2C+well-developed+nestmate+recognition+in+laboratory+colonies+of+polygyne+imported+fire+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29.&rft.au=Obin%3BMorel%2C+L%3BVander+Meer%2C+RK&rft.aulast=Obin&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; recognition; colonial characteristics; olfactory discrimination; polygyny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotypic diversity among strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum belonging to serogroup 110. AN - 16651148; 3035335 AB - Thirty-three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum within serogroup 110 were examined for genotypic diversity by using DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. The analysis of the DNA from 15 hydrogen-uptake-negative strains with the bradyrhizobial uptake hydrogenase probe pHU52 showed variation in degree of homology and restriction fragment length polymorphism of EcoRI-restricted DNA. Clustering analysis of the 33 strains on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization analysis with four restriction enzymes and with the bradyrhizobial nodulation locus, pRJUT10, as probe indicated the existence of four groups of strains, which were less than 70% similar. Restriction digestion of genomic DNA with BamHI and DNA-DNA hybridization with pRJUT10 permitted classification of each of the strains according to a specific fingerprint pattern. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - van Berkum, P AU - Kotob, SI AU - Abdel Basit, H AU - Salem, S AU - Gewaily, E M AU - Angle, J S AD - Soybean Alfalfa Res. Lab., ARS, HH-19, Build. 011, BARC-W., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3130 EP - 3133 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diversity KW - hybridization analysis KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - classification KW - DNA KW - genotypes KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16651148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genotypic+diversity+among+strains+of+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+belonging+to+serogroup+110.&rft.au=van+Berkum%2C+P%3BKotob%2C+SI%3BAbdel+Basit%2C+H%3BSalem%2C+S%3BGewaily%2C+E+M%3BAngle%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=van+Berkum&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; genotypes; diversity; DNA; hybridization analysis; classification; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - CONF T1 - Production of Collectotrichum truncatum for use as a mycoherbicide: Effects of culture, drying and storage on recovery and efficacy. AN - 16651065; 67936 AB - Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus and Moore NRRL 13737 (= NRRL 18434) is a fungal plant pathogen which shows promise as a bioherbicide against the troublesome weed Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A. W. Hill. Previous studies showed similar amounts of spores were produced/ml of medium in liquid and solid-state fermentations. In this study, Colletotrichum truncatum spores were produced in liquid (LC), solid/vermiculite (SV), and solid/perlite-cornmeal-agar (SP). After drying at room temperature with flowing air, SV and SP retained the most viability. Each product was then stored at 4 degree , 15 degree , and 25 degree C. All three products stored at 4 'C and SP stored at 15 degree C retained highest viability. Efficacy based upon assays utilizing equal numbers of viable spores showed SV and SP spores incited more severe disease symptoms than LC spores. JF - Biotechnology Advances AU - Silman, R W AU - Bothast, R J AU - Schisler, DA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 561 EP - 575 VL - 11 IS - 3 KW - Biocontrol KW - Bioherbicide KW - Collectotrichum truncatum KW - Drying KW - Mycoherbicide KW - Plant cell culture KW - Solid state culture KW - Solid state fermentation KW - Sporulation KW - Storage (materials) KW - Weed control KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Herbicides KW - W4 731.2:CONTROL SYSTEM APPLICATIONS KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - EE 731.2:CONTROL SYSTEM APPLICATIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - W4 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - EE 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16651065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.atitle=Production+of+Collectotrichum+truncatum+for+use+as+a+mycoherbicide%3A+Effects+of+culture%2C+drying+and+storage+on+recovery+and+efficacy.&rft.au=Silman%2C+R+W%3BBothast%2C+R+J%3BSchisler%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Silman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.issn=07349750&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A preliminary investigation on renal and hepatic toxicity in rats fed purified fumonisin B1. AN - 16650130; 2993364 AB - Fumonisins are metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium spp. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was hepatocarcinogenic (50 ppm, greater than or equal to 90% purity) when fed to male rats; however, neither the effects of FB1 on females nor the relationship between dietary FB1 levels and toxicity in rats has been reported. Male and female rats (three per sex per group) were fed diets fortified with 0, 15, 50 ro 150 ppm FB1 ( greater than or equal to 99% purity) for 4 weeks. There were no differences in general appearance or behavior among groups and significant differences in weight gain or food consumption were not found. Histopathological examinations and serum chemical profiles, including significant increases in triglycerides, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase, confirmed that 150 ppm FB1 was hepatotoxic to both sexes. Cortical nephrosis was found in males fed greater than or equal to 15 ppm and females fed greater than or equal to 50 ppm FB1. Both hepatic and renal lesions were consistent with those found in rats consuming F. moniliforme -infected corn. Thus, highly purified FB1 is unequivocally capable of inducing the subchronic liver and kidney lesions attributed to F. moniliforme . JF - Natural Toxins AU - Voss, KA AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, Richard B. Russell Agric. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 222 EP - 228 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - toxicity KW - liver KW - kidney KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16650130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=A+preliminary+investigation+on+renal+and+hepatic+toxicity+in+rats+fed+purified+fumonisin+B1.&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; kidney; liver; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pasture age on soil trace-gas emissions from a deforested area of Costa Rica. AN - 16650042; 3036580 AB - Measurements of the flux of nitrous oxide--an important greenhouse gas--from recently formed pasture in the Amazon basin have shown a threefold increase relative to the flux from the original forest soil. Based on these measurements, luizao et al. estimated that present rates of conversion from forest to pasture supply up to 1 Tg of N sub(2)O-N to the atmosphere each year, corresponding to less than or equal to 25% of the current imbalance between sources and sinks of this gas, But this estimate assumes that such conversion produces elevated fluxes that remain constant in time. To assess the validity of this assumption, we present measurements of trace-gas fluxes from Costa Rican pastures of varying ages. Nitrogen oxide fluxes peak during the first ten years after conversion, but decline thereafter to values that are even lower than the original forest fluxes. We conclude that previous studies have overestimated the contribution of pastures to the global budget of nitrous oxide and that accurate predictions of soil-atmosphere trace-gas fluxes will require a detailed knowledge not only of current land use, but also of land-use history. JF - Nature AU - Keller, M AU - Veldkamp, E AU - Weitz, A M AU - Reiners, WA AD - Int. Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 244 EP - 246 VL - 365 IS - 6443 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - nitrous oxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - flux KW - pasture KW - Costa Rica KW - age KW - deforestation KW - D 04110:Grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16650042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pasture+age+on+soil+trace-gas+emissions+from+a+deforested+area+of+Costa+Rica.&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BVeldkamp%2C+E%3BWeitz%2C+A+M%3BReiners%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=6443&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costa Rica; flux; pasture; age; deforestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a DNA probe for Streptococcus bovis by using a cloned amylase gene. AN - 16649356; 3006099 AB - Streptococcus bovis is a normal inhabitant of the rumen but has been implicated as a causative agent for ruminal lactic acidosis and related problems. While rarely isolated from humans, S. bovis has been identified as a causative agent for endocarditis, meningitis, and septicemia. Recent reports have also suggested a correlation between human colonic carcinoma and increased levels of S. bovis . Identification of S. bovis strains of human origin has been problematic because of variations in results of biochemical tests compared with results for ruminal strains. We have tested a cloned amylase gene from the ruminal strain S. bovis JB1 as a potential DNA probe for rapid and accurate identification of S. bovis strains from all sources. DNAs from strains identified as S. bovis , of both human and ruminal origin, were found to hybridize with the probe under stringent conditions. The probe also hybridized with variants of S. bovis that did not grow on starch. The probe did not hybridize with DNA isolated from other bacteria of human colonic and ruminal origin, including Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ruminicola, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens , and Enterococcus faecalis but did demonstrate hybridization with Streptococcus salivarius . JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Cotta, MA AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2387 EP - 2391 VL - 31 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - amylase KW - remen KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - clones KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - development KW - genes KW - identification KW - DNA KW - lactic acidosis KW - probes KW - J 02862:Infection KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16649356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+DNA+probe+for+Streptococcus+bovis+by+using+a+cloned+amylase+gene.&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R%3BCotta%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clones; development; identification; genes; DNA; lactic acidosis; probes; Streptococcus bovis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of an exopolysaccharide depolymerase from Pseudomonas marginalis HT041B. AN - 16648967; 2993659 AB - An enzyme has been isolated from Pseudomonas marginalis (a pathogen responsible for the spoilage of fruits and vegetables in storage) that degrades the exopolysaccharide (mw > 2 x 10 super(6) Da) produced by this organism. The mechanism of degradation has been determined to be a depolymerization that results from glucosidic cleavage. The product of depolymerization is a polysaccharide of ca. 2.5 x 10 super(5) Da. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 28 kDa, a pH optimum of 6.5, pI = 9.1, and an apparent K sub(m) of 1.95 x 10 super(-7) plus or minus 3.5 x 10 super(-8) M. Native and enzyme-treated marginalan supported no or very limited growth of the bacterium, respectively. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Osman, S F AU - Fett, W F AU - Irwin, P L AU - Bailey, D G AU - Parris, N AU - O'Connor, J V AD - Plant Sci. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 299 EP - 304 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - exopolysaccharides KW - polysaccharides KW - depolymerase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - isolation KW - Pseudomonas marginalis KW - characterization KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16648967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+an+exopolysaccharide+depolymerase+from+Pseudomonas+marginalis+HT041B.&rft.au=Osman%2C+S+F%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BIrwin%2C+P+L%3BBailey%2C+D+G%3BParris%2C+N%3BO%27Connor%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Osman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas marginalis; isolation; characterization ER - TY - CONF T1 - Determining off-site concentrations of volatile pesticides using the trajectory-simulation model. AN - 16648436; 3033026 AB - An environmental transport model is described and illustrated that will enable the prediction of the mass and/or concentration of volatile pesticides at any depth in the soil profile and at any height in the atmosphere relatively far distanced downwind from agricultural fields. The theoretical profile shape model is used to determine transport in the atmosphere and is coupled to the behavior assessment model (BAM) to describe transport in soils. The model outputs include the soil-water concentrations, the surface volatilization rate, the concentration of pesticides in the atmosphere above the field, and the atmospheric concentration at specified distances downwind from the field. The results from this approach can be used in exposure assessment studies to determine the risk for individuals living near agricultural fields. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Yates Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 481 EP - 486 VL - 22 IS - 3 KW - soils KW - groundwater contamination KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - atmosphere KW - simulation KW - environmental health KW - pollution dispersion KW - pesticides KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16648436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Determining+off-site+concentrations+of+volatile+pesticides+using+the+trajectory-simulation+model.&rft.au=Yates&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclic hydroxamic acid accumulation in corn seedlings exposed to reduced water potentials before, during, and after germination. AN - 16647775; 3006363 AB - Cyclic hydroxamic acids are innate compounds associated with pest resistance in several grass species. The major cyclic hydroxamic acids of corn, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA), were measured in seedlings after exposure to various water stress treatments. Both DIMBOA and DIBOA were found in greater quantities in plants experiencing a water deficit stress than in nonstressed plants. The increased cyclic hydroxamic acid coincided with a reduction in seedling growth, suggesting that cyclic hydroxamic acids are stress metabolites. Plants grown under conditions that restrict growth, such as water deficit stress, contain higher cyclic hydroxamic acids, which should make them more resistant to herbivorous pests and pathogenic microorganisms. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Richardson, MD AU - Bacon, C W AD - USDA-ARS, Toxicol. Mycotoxin Res. Unit, R.B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1613 EP - 1624 VL - 19 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - hydroxamic acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - pest resistance KW - water stress KW - Zea mays KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16647775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Cyclic+hydroxamic+acid+accumulation+in+corn+seedlings+exposed+to+reduced+water+potentials+before%2C+during%2C+and+after+germination.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+MD%3BBacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; water stress; pest resistance; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-dependent phytotoxicity of fumonisins and related compounds in a duckweed bioassay. AN - 16646682; 2995325 AB - Fumonisins A sub(1), A sub(2), B sub(1), B sub(2), and B sub(3) are a series of secondary metabolite analogues produced by Fusarium moniliforme). The A series fumonisins differ from B series by possession of a N terminal acetyl group. Hydrolytic removal of the propanetricarboxylic acid moieties from fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) yields the aminoalcohols HB sub(1) and HB sub(2), respectively. AAL-toxin is a chemically related phytotoxin (only one propanetricarboxylic acid) produced by Alternaria alternata). In a duckweed (Lemna pausicostata ) bioassay, AAL-toxin and the B series fumonisins at 1 mu M caused pronounced cellular leakage of electrolytes and photodegradation of chlorophylls. These four compounds also caused the most marked reductions in duckweed growth. HB sub(1) at 1 mu M was a moderate growth inhibitor and caused a low level of cellular leakage. The other compounds were inactive at this concentration. Significant effects on cellular leakage were measured at 0.04 mu M for both AAL-toxin and fumonisin B sub(1), the two most active analogues. The propanetricarboxylic acid groups of fumonisins and AAL-toxin are necessary for significant herbicidal activity of this series of compounds, whereas acetylation of the terminal amine group greatly reduces their activity. The structurally related sphingolipids, phytosphingosine and sphingosine, were about two orders of magnitude less phytotoxic than fumonisin B sub(1); however, the phytotoxicity symptoms were similar. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Tanaka, T AU - Abbas, H K AU - Duke, SO AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 779 EP - 785 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Lemna pausicostata KW - derivatives KW - fumonisins KW - phytotoxicity KW - plant control KW - structure KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - inhibitors KW - herbicides KW - bioassays KW - Freshwater KW - Alternaria alternata KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - growth KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16646682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Structure-dependent+phytotoxicity+of+fumonisins+and+related+compounds+in+a+duckweed+bioassay.&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+T%3BAbbas%2C+H+K%3BDuke%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=779&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant control; inhibitors; herbicides; toxicity tests; bioassays; growth; structure; phytotoxicity; derivatives; Fusarium moniliforme; Alternaria alternata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stilbella aciculosa : A potential biocontrol fungus against Rhizoctonia solani . AN - 16645804; 3008836 AB - A semi-solid fermentation product of the potential biocontrol fungus Stilbella aciculosa was formulated on wheat bran : water (1 : 1, w/w) and incubated 5, 10 and 15 days before addition to soil infested with the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani . Generally, preparations did not reduce survival of the pathogen in infested beet seed but they did prevent saprophytic growth of the pathogen from beet seed into soil. The magnitude of reduction by the 15-day-old inoculum was greater than that by the 5-day-old inoculum. Ten-day-old bran preparations of S. aciculosa at rates of 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) in soil prevented post-emergence damping-off of cotton, radish and sugar beet in the glasshouse and a rate of 1.0% gave stands similar to those in the non-infested control soil. The antagonist, grown on perlite formulated with molasses, cornmeal, alfalfa tissue or corn stover, prevented damping-off of cotton in a naturally infested soil. However, the stands were not as great as that in soil planted with pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)-treated seed. Toxic metabolites, produced by S. aciculosa developing on various substrates, slightly inhibited the growth of R. solani in culture and induced cytoplasmic leakage of the pathogen mycelium. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Lewis, JA AU - Papavizas, G C AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3 EP - 11 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Stilbella aciculosa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Raphanus sativus KW - Gossypium KW - plant diseases KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16645804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Stilbella+aciculosa+%3A+A+potential+biocontrol+fungus+against+Rhizoctonia+solani+.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BPapavizas%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; Gossypium; Beta vulgaris; Raphanus sativus; biological control; plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Balancing economic development, biological conservation, and human culture: The Sitka black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis as an ecological indicator. AN - 16644791; 3004574 AB - Economic development, biological conservation, and human culture are interrelated and ultimately interdependent. Balancing them, however, is one of the most vexing problems in natural resource management. The problem can be simplified when an ecological indicator provides a meaningful integration of the biological response of the natural ecosystem to economic development. Sitka blacktailed deer Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis are an important ecological indicator of resource management in the coastal, coniferous rain forests of southeastern Alaska, USA, because of four significant reasons: (1) their biology and ecology are well-known; (2) they have relatively large, seasonally migratory home ranges and so require management of landscapes rather than isolated patches of habitat; (3) their need for a productive and nutritious food supply year-around makes them largely dependent on old-growth forests and a variety of habitats, differing seasonally and in response to snow; and (4) they are an important game species in the subsistence economy of rural residents. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Hanley, T A AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., P.O. Box 20909, Juneau, AK 99802-0909, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 61 EP - 67 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - forest management KW - indicator species KW - Odocoileus hemionus KW - old growth KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16644791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Balancing+economic+development%2C+biological+conservation%2C+and+human+culture%3A+The+Sitka+black-tailed+deer+Odocoileus+hemionus+sitkensis+as+an+ecological+indicator.&rft.au=Hanley%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus hemionus; USA, Alaska; indicator species; forest management; old growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - System for estimating direct and diffuse photosynthetically active radiation from hemispherical photographs. AN - 16643818; 53327 AB - A computer-based system to estimate the amount of photosynthetically active solar radiation received on a horizontal surface from hemispherical photographs is presented. This system reduces the cost and time required for manual analysis to estimate radiation from hemispherical photographs. The equipment required for the system is a camera with a 180 degree fisheye lens, computer, and scanner. The basic structure and assumptions of the system are described. The system is designed to produce data applicable to a broad range of research projects studying light-plant interactions. JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture AU - Smith, WRick AU - Somers, Greg L AD - USDA Forest Service, New Orleans, LA, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 181 EP - 193 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1699, 0168-1699 KW - Hemispherical photographs KW - Light plant interactions KW - Optical systems KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Parameter estimation KW - Photogrammetry KW - Photosynthetically active radiation KW - Plants (botany) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Photointerpretation KW - Photosynthesis KW - Aerial photography KW - Computer applications KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 742.1:PHOTOGRAPHY KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 657.1:SOLAR ENERGY AND PHENOMENA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16643818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=System+for+estimating+direct+and+diffuse+photosynthetically+active+radiation+from+hemispherical+photographs.&rft.au=Smith%2C+WRick%3BSomers%2C+Greg+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=WRick&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=01681699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photointerpretation; Photosynthesis; Aerial photography; Computer applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation - a blessing or a curse AN - 16643146; 3653081 AB - Irrigation is vital to the well being of the people in this world and plays a significant role in local, national, and international economics. However, irrigation also has created problems, such as salinization of land and water resources, adverse socio-economic and cultural effects, and environmental damage. Civilizations have risen and fallen with the growth and decline of their irrigation systems, while others have maintained sustainable irrigation for thousands of years. In the last century or so, many large and impressive irrigation projects have been installed as monuments to engineering technology. Often, these systems have centralized (top-down) management, which is not in the best interest of farmers and local people. Gradual development of existing local irrigation practices and farmer (bottom-up) management, while less spectacular, may ultimately be more successful. Many of the problems in irrigated agriculture can be mitigated or avoided by improved technology and management, and by adequately addressing cultural, social, and environmental aspects. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Van Schilfgaarde, J AD - Nat. Resour. Syst., ARS-USDA, Bldg. 005, Room 115, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 203 EP - 219 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - irrigation programs KW - water management KW - environmental effects KW - salinization KW - irrigation KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16643146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Irrigation+-+a+blessing+or+a+curse&rft.au=Van+Schilfgaarde%2C+J&rft.aulast=Van+Schilfgaarde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation; salinization; irrigation programs; water management; environmental effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation and global water outlook AN - 16643127; 3653080 AB - While the earth's renewable water resources are finite, the earth's population continues to increase and requires more and more water for municipal, industrial, agricultural, environmental, recreational and other needs. Water resources must be better managed on a local, regional, national, and international scale. This includes providing more storage of water during times of water surplus, minimizing water losses, increasing food production per unit of water, transferring water to uses with higher socio-economic returns, and reusing wastewater. Sewage effluent often already is indirectly used, but water reuse in the future must be better planned as sewage flows increase, the public health and surface water quality need to be protected, and edible crops need to be irrigated. Planned water reuse requires adequate treatment so as to meet the quality requirements of the intended reuse. Agricultural and urban irrigation will play an important role in water reuse, especially in dry climates. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Bouwer, H AD - U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., USDA, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 221 EP - 231 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - resources management KW - water conservation KW - wastewater treatment KW - water reuse KW - water demand KW - water resources KW - irrigation water KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16643127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Irrigation+and+global+water+outlook&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+H&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation water; resources management; water demand; water resources; water reuse; wastewater treatment; water conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of nitrogen and Douglas-fir allelochemicals on development of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar . AN - 16642585; 2988521 AB - Two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of foliar nitrogen, terpenes, and phenolics of Douglas-fir on the development of gypsy moth larvae. In the first experiment, foliar concentrations of nitrogen and allelochemicals were manipulated by fertilizing 3-year-old potted seedlings with 0 or 200 ppm nitrogen. Concentrations of foliar nitrogen (0.33-2.38%) were negatively correlated with the phenolics (15.8-24.4 mg/g). Sixth-instar larvae previously reared on current-year Douglas-fir needles were allowed to feed on these seedlings. Pupal weights (312.8-995.6 mg) were positively correlated with levels of foliar nitrogen, negatively correlated with amounts of foliar phenolics, and uncorrelated with terpene concentrations. In the second experiment, terpene and phenolic extracts from Douglas-fir foliage were incorporated at natural levels into artificial diets with high and low levels of protein nitrogen. Neonate larvae grew faster and were larger on the high nitrogen control diet (4.1-4.5%), however, fourth instars performed better on the control diet with low nitrogen levels (2.5-2.7%). JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Joseph, G AU - Kelsey, R G AU - Moldenke, A F AU - Miller, J C AU - Berry, R E AU - Wernz, J G AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., For. Sci. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97331-5705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1245 EP - 1264 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Lymantriidae KW - larvae KW - allelochemicals KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - growth rate KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16642585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+nitrogen+and+Douglas-fir+allelochemicals+on+development+of+the+gypsy+moth%2C+Lymantria+dispar+.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+G%3BKelsey%2C+R+G%3BMoldenke%2C+A+F%3BMiller%2C+J+C%3BBerry%2C+R+E%3BWernz%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; allelochemicals; larvae; growth rate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method for immobilization of lipoxygenase AN - 16642337; 3651953 AB - A commercial preparation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12), an enzyme that catalyses the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides, was covalently immobilized on a commercially available carbonyldi-imidazole activated support. The degree of protein loading on to the support and the subsequent activity of immobilized lipoxygenase were found to be independent of the pH at which coupling was performed. Dialysis of lipoxygenase prior to immobilization did not enhance the coupling yield. As protein bound to the support increased, the specific activity of lipoxygenase decreased. The reusability of immobilized lipoxygenase was tested in an aqueous buffer and in an octane/aqueous buffer medium using linoleic acid as the substrate. In aqueous buffer the immobilized preparation retained its activity even after seven cycles, whereas in the octane/buffer medium the activity of the immobilized preparation decreased to 60% of its original activity after seven cycles. The optimal temperature for hydroperoxide formation was 15 degree C, with hydroperoxide yields decreasing at higher temperatures. Storage of immobilized lipoxygenase at 5 degree C resulted in a loss from the support of approx. 5% of the protein in 25 days, but none thereafter. Lipoxygenase activity was stable at 5 degree C, decreasing by only 5% in 6 months. The stability of immobilized lipoxygenase at 15 degree C in aqueous buffer was approx. 10-fold greater than that of unbound lipoxygenase. The results show that immobilized lipoxygenase can be used in aqueous media as well as those containing organic solvent. (DBO) JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Parra-Diaz, D AU - Brower, D P AU - Medina, M B AU - Piazza, G J AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 359 EP - 367 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - lipoxygenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - enzymatic activity KW - stability KW - immobilization KW - Glycine max KW - pH KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16642337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=A+method+for+immobilization+of+lipoxygenase&rft.au=Parra-Diaz%2C+D%3BBrower%2C+D+P%3BMedina%2C+M+B%3BPiazza%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Parra-Diaz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - stability; enzymatic activity; immobilization; pH; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The low temperature, rapid dissolution of gellan away from root cultures AN - 16642171; 3651920 AB - A buffer system consisting of 50 mM Tris-HCl-TRIZMA base plus 10 mM EDTA was used to rapidly dissolve gellan gels used for maintaining transformed carrot root cultures. The optimum conditions of pH 7.5 in the presence of 10 mM EDTA for dissolving gellan were first worked out on a model test system containing 0.4% gellan, 0.025% MgSO sub(4)-7H sub(2)O, and blue dye. The conditions were then tested on gellan gels (0.2% gellan plus nutrients) containing carrot roots. This gel dissolution system was rapid (18 to 20 min), did not require heating, and could also be efficiently performed at 4 degree C. Furthermore, the buffer system used for gel dissolution is a standard one used for plant cell fractionation studies. (DBO) JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Doner, L AU - Abney, G AU - Tsao, A AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 467 EP - 472 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - gellan KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - roots KW - dissolution KW - Daucus carota KW - gels KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16642171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=The+low+temperature%2C+rapid+dissolution+of+gellan+away+from+root+cultures&rft.au=Nagahashi%2C+G%3BDoner%2C+L%3BAbney%2C+G%3BTsao%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nagahashi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - roots; dissolution; gels; Daucus carota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analyses of nutrient uptake by six species of vesicular-arbuscule mycorrhizal fungi in Zea mays L AN - 16641044; 3641778 AB - Zea mays L. inoculated with six species of VA-mycorrhizal fungi were compared with uninoculated plants for content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the micronutrients, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, and manganese. Generally, plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi contained significantly greater concentrations of all nutrient elements except potassium in both roots and leaves, phosphorus in leaves, and zinc in roots. There apparently were also significant differences among the six mycorrhizal fungi. Scutellispora calospora seemed consistently more efficient in nutrient uptake with the host plant. JF - Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology AU - Ho, I AD - USDA, For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res., For. Sci. Lab., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 64 EP - 69 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0303-4097, 0303-4097 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nutrients KW - Zea mays KW - mycorrhizas KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16641044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Mycology+and+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Analyses+of+nutrient+uptake+by+six+species+of+vesicular-arbuscule+mycorrhizal+fungi+in+Zea+mays+L&rft.au=Ho%2C+I&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indian+Journal+of+Mycology+and+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=03034097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; nutrients; mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propachlor-S-cysteine: A major circulating metabolite in the calf, pig and rat after administration of propachlor. AN - 16640552; 3022743 AB - Propachlor-S-cysteine was the major metabolite found in systemic blood from rat, pig and calf given propachlor via the stomach. It was also the major metabolite found in the portal blood of pig; the portal blood of rat and calf was not examined. Erythrocytes were the major transporter of propachlor metabolites in rat blood whereas plasma was the major transporter of these metabolites in pig and calf. There was no evidence for metabolism of propachlor-S-cysteine by rat blood or by cytosol from rat, pig and calf erythrocytes. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Davison, K L AU - Larsen, G L AD - USDA, ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., PO Box 5674-University Station, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 297 EP - 305 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - propachlor KW - cattle KW - pigs KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - herbicides KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16640552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Propachlor-S-cysteine%3A+A+major+circulating+metabolite+in+the+calf%2C+pig+and+rat+after+administration+of+propachlor.&rft.au=Davison%2C+K+L%3BLarsen%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Davison&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolites; herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 in the environment. AN - 16640195; 3022521 AB - Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 is an effective, commercially applied, biological control agent for the plant disease crown gall, yet little is known about the survival and dissemination of K84. To trace K84 in the environment, spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants were used. Growth rates and phenotypes of streptomycin- or rifampin-resistant K84 were similar to those of the parental K84, except the rifampin-resistant mutant produced less agrocin 84 as determined by bioassay. K84 and a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens established populations averaging 10 super(5) CFU/g in the rhizosphere of cherry and persisted on roots for 2 years. K84 established rhizosphere populations between 10 super(4) and 10 super(6) CFU/g on cherry, ryegrass, and 11 other herbaceous plants. Populations of K84 declined substantially in fallow soil or water over a 16-week period. K84 was detected in the rhizosphere of ryegrass located up to 40 cm from an inoculum source, indicating lateral dissemination of K84 in soil. In gall tissue on cherry, K84 established populations of 10 super(5) CFU/g, about 10- to 100-fold less than that of the pathogen. These data demonstrate that K84 persists for up to 2 years in a field environment as a rhizosphere inhabitant or in association with crown gall tissue. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stockwell, VO AU - Moore, L W AU - Loper, JE AD - Hortic Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2112 EP - 2120 VL - 59 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biological control KW - environments KW - crown gall KW - Agrobacterium radiobacter KW - survival KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01030:General KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16640195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Agrobacterium+radiobacter+K84+in+the+environment.&rft.au=Stockwell%2C+VO%3BMoore%2C+L+W%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Stockwell&rft.aufirst=VO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrobacterium radiobacter; biological control; crown gall; environments; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy gap characteristics and drought influences in oak forests of the Coweeta Basin. AN - 16638817; 3022380 AB - Canopy gaps in southern Appalachian mixed-Quercus forests were characterized to assess the impact of the 1985-1988 record drought on patterns of tree mortality in relation to topographic variables and changes in overstory composition. Using permanent transects, we sampled 68 canopy gaps within the Coweeta Basin. Among 1-5 yr old gaps, the most common gap type was the 1-yr-old single-tree snag, accounting for 49% of all gaps sampled; 65% of all gaps occurred within 2 yr of the drought peak. Gap area ranged from 40 to 850 m super(2), averaged 239 m super(2), with a median of 152 m super(2). Analysis of 1988 color infrared (IR) aerial imagery yielded a gap formation rate of 0.8 gaps/ha/yr/ in mixed-Quercus) stands affecting 2.0% of the area in this forest type in 1988. The most frequent gap-forming species were Quercus coccinea, Q. rubra , and Q. velutina , respectively. Evidence suggests that moisture stress brought on by severe drought increases the susceptibility of Quercus species to the shoe-string fungus Armillaria mellea , which may result in significant shifts in canopy composition in these forests. JF - Ecology AU - Clinton, B D AU - Boring, L R AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Southeast Forest Exp. Stn., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1551 EP - 1558 VL - 74 IS - 5 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, North Carolina KW - droughts KW - Armillaria mellea KW - gaps KW - Quercus KW - canopies KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16638817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Canopy+gap+characteristics+and+drought+influences+in+oak+forests+of+the+Coweeta+Basin.&rft.au=Clinton%2C+B+D%3BBoring%2C+L+R%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Armillaria mellea; USA, North Carolina; forests; canopies; gaps; droughts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life history of Eustenopus villosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a promising biological control agent for yellow starthistle. AN - 16638231; 2984007 AB - Studies on the biology and host specificity of Eustenopus villosus (Boheman) were carried out in the field and laboratory in Greece and in the laboratory in Italy from 1981 to 1990. The weevil was first released in the United States for biological control of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae: Cardueae), during 1990. In nature, overwintering adults appeared on bolting yellow starthistle plants by mid-May and were found until mid-July, south of Thessaloniki, Greece. Oviposition started at the beginning of June and the first pupae were found in early July. The first adults of the F sub(1) generation were found about mid-July in field-collected seedheads. Adults started to emerge gradually from seedheads from mid-July to the end of August and hibernated in cracks in the soil and among debris on the soil surface. E. villosus) is univoltine and had three instars under laboratory conditions. Mating and feeding behavior, fecundity, and mortality are described. Adults fed on meristematic tissue and caused severe damage to the plants, and larvae fed in developing seedheads and reduced seed production up to 100% in infested seedheads. Because there is up to 97% mortality of the immature stages, the weevil does not build up dense populations in its native area. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fornasari, L AU - Sobhian, R AD - USDA-ARS, Eur. Biol. Control Lab., BP 4168-Agropolis II, 34092 Montp. Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 684 EP - 692 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Eustenopus villosus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - Curculionidae KW - life history KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16638231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Life+history+of+Eustenopus+villosus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29%2C+a+promising+biological+control+agent+for+yellow+starthistle.&rft.au=Fornasari%2C+L%3BSobhian%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fornasari&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Centaurea solstitialis; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; life history; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ozone and carbon dioxide mixtures on two clones of white clover. AN - 16637873; 3026393 AB - The effects of mixtures of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and physiology of an O sub(3)-sensitive (NC-s) and an O sub(3)-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover (Trifolium repens) L.) were determined. Enrichment with CO sub(2) decreased foliar gas exchange (measured as stomatal resistance) of NC-R more than that of NC-S whereas O sub(3) decreased gas exchange of NC-S more than that of NC-R. Ozone caused extensive foliar injury of NC-S but caused only slight injury of NC-R. CO sub(2) enrichment suppressed O sub(3)-induced foliar injury of NC-S as measured after 4 wk of exposure, but this effect diminished after 8 wk of exposure. CO sub(2) enrichment decreased the relative chlorophyll content ( mu g of chlorophyll mg super(-1) of leaf tissue sampled) but not the total chlorophyll (total chlorophyll in the leaves sampled). There were no O sub(3) x CO sub(2) interactions for foliar chlorophyll. High concentrations of CO sub(2) caused reddening of new leaves near the end of the 8 wk exposure period. CO sub(2) enrichment decreased foliar concentrations of N, P, K, S, Cu, B, and Fe, increased foliar concentrations of Mn, but did not affect Zn, Ca, or Mg. Ozone exposure did not modify the CO sub(2) effects on foliar nutrient concentration. Ozone decreased growth of NC-S but not NC-R while CO sub(2) enrichment stimulated growth of both clones. The highest CO sub(2) concentration appeared to decrease the effects of O sub(3) on growth of NC-S. JF - New Phytologist AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, JE AU - Sherrill, DE AU - Rawlings, JO AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 751 EP - 762 VL - 123 IS - 4 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Trifolium repens KW - carbon dioxide KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - physiology KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ozone+and+carbon+dioxide+mixtures+on+two+clones+of+white+clover.&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+JE%3BSherrill%2C+DE%3BRawlings%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; air pollution; pollution effects; ozone; carbon dioxide; growth; physiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed production in monoecious and dioecious populations of Hydrilla . AN - 16637710; 3026629 AB - The potential for sexual reproduction was evaluated in the various races of an international Hydrilla germplasm collection. Crosses between dioecious and monoecious races of Hydrilla verticullata (L.f.) Royle resulted in seed production in 40 of the 56 crosses (71%). Seeds from 90% of these crosses were viable and most seedlings survived. The dioecious female plant, established in the US since the 1950s, has never been reported to produce seed, but this female was discovered to be one of the greatest seed producers. This race has been reported to be triploid, but seed from four of its five crosses were viable. Triploids are generally sterile, so these findings raise questions about the reported ploidy level of this race. Another observation, not previously reported for Hydrilla , was the occurrence of monoecious offspring from dioecious parents. The reported lack of seed production in the US for female plants of the dioecious race has been due to the absence of a viable pollen donor. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Steward, K K AD - Aquat. Weed Res., USDA-ARS, 3205 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 169 EP - 183 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - monoecious and dioecious populations KW - seed production KW - seed set KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - population genetics KW - subpopulations KW - sexual reproduction KW - hybridization KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Seed+production+in+monoecious+and+dioecious+populations+of+Hydrilla+.&rft.au=Steward%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Steward&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population genetics; subpopulations; sexual reproduction; aquatic plants; seed production; hybridization; seed set; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residue quality, loading rate and soil temperature relations with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) residue carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization. AN - 16637209; 2983495 AB - Studies were conducted 1) to determine the effects of crop residue quality, loading rate and their interaction on residue decomposition; and 2) to assess these same effects on predicting residue N and P turnover with thermal units. Two residue qualities were obtained by harvesting field grown hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) in the fall and spring. Loading rates equivalent to 0, 2150, 4300, and 6450 kg ha super(-1) (dry weight basis) of each of the two residue qualities were added to a soil. Residue loading rate did not affect residue C or N mineralization when expressed as a percentage of added C or N mineralized, respectively. Therefore predicting residue N mineralization with thermal units does not appear limited by differential residue loading rates. Residue quality exhibited a dramatic effect on vetch C mineralization, with approximately 35% of the added C mineralized 30 days after application of the fall vetch and about 17% of added C mineralized 30 days after application of spring vetch. Consideration of residue quality must also be given when determining N mineralization X thermal unit relationships. The effect of residue quality on C and N mineralization did not appear related to residue N content or C/N ratio but rather to lignin and/or hemicellulose contents. Either vetch P mineralization did not occur to a measurable extent in this study or the H sub(2)O soluble fraction was not a useful indicator of this process. JF - Biological Agriculture and Horticulture AU - Honeycutt, C W AU - Potaro, L J AU - Avila, K L AU - Halteman, WA AD - USDA-ARS New England Plant, Soil and Water Lab., Univ. Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 181 EP - 199 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0144-8765, 0144-8765 KW - carbon KW - nitrogen KW - phosphorus KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - soil temperature KW - crop residues KW - loading KW - quality KW - mineralization KW - rates KW - Vicia villosa KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Agriculture+and+Horticulture&rft.atitle=Residue+quality%2C+loading+rate+and+soil+temperature+relations+with+hairy+vetch+%28Vicia+villosa+Roth%29+residue+carbon%2C+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+mineralization.&rft.au=Honeycutt%2C+C+W%3BPotaro%2C+L+J%3BAvila%2C+K+L%3BHalteman%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Honeycutt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Agriculture+and+Horticulture&rft.issn=01448765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vicia villosa; crop residues; quality; loading; rates; soil temperature; mineralization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic relatedness of mycoplasmalike organisms detected in Ulmus spp. in the United States and Italy by means of DNA probes and polymerase chain reactions. AN - 16634612; 3029745 AB - DNA fragments of an elm yellows (EY) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) from diseased periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus ) were cloned in plasmid vector pSP6 and Escherichia coli strain JM83. DNA probes were prepared by nick translation of EY-specific recombinant plasmids with biotinylated nucleotides. None of the EY probes hybridized with DNA from four representative strains of the aster yellows MLO strain cluster. None of the probes tested at 50 C hybridized with DNA of the MLOs of ash yellows, potato witches'-broom, Canadian peach X, clover proliferation, and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence diseases, but two tested at 42 C hybridized with DNA of one or another of these MLOs. All probes tested hybridized with MLOs detected in Ulmus americana and U. parvifolia in the United States and in U. carpinifolia in Italy, revealing a close relatedness among these MLOs. These data support the recognition of a unique strain cluster, the elm yellows MLO strain cluster, and identification of strains from the United States and Italy as members of this cluster. Polymerase chain reactions using oligonucleotide primer pairs, derived on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of probe pEY11, provided means for sensitive detection of EY MLOs in infected elm tissue and for differentiation among EY MLO variants. Preliminary results indicated the existence of various strains of EY MLOs in North America that were distinct from a strain of EY MLO present in Italy. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Davis, R E AU - Sinclair, WA AU - DeWitt, N D AU - Conti, M AD - USDA-ARS, Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 829 EP - 833 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Ulmus carpinifolia KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ulmus parvifolia KW - like KW - probes KW - Italy KW - Ulmus americana KW - mycoplasma KW - organisms KW - USA KW - genetic relationship KW - DNA KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16634612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Genetic+relatedness+of+mycoplasmalike+organisms+detected+in+Ulmus+spp.+in+the+United+States+and+Italy+by+means+of+DNA+probes+and+polymerase+chain+reactions.&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BSinclair%2C+WA%3BDeWitt%2C+N+D%3BConti%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycoplasma; Ulmus americana; Ulmus parvifolia; USA; Italy; like; organisms; genetic relationship; DNA; probes; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybrid poplar spacing/productivity relations in short rotation intensive culture plantations. AN - 16634098; 59297 AB - It is often argued that in short rotation intensive culture plantations, biomass productivity increases with narrower tree spacings. Biomass productivity and tree spacing relations were studied for up to 16 years in northern Wisconsin hybrid poplar plantations. Maximum mean annual biomass increment was 12.8 Mg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) for Populus clone NE-41 planted at a 1 m super(2) spacing. Productivity differences related to spacing were found to be minor. Productivity was influenced mainly by clone, irrigation and disease. A hypothesis is proposed that time to canopy closure is linearly related to time to maximum mean annual biomass productivity. Wide spacing and wide-crown trees that permit wider tree spacing allow longer rotations, which can lower costs and increase flexibility in management. JF - Biomass and Bioenergy AU - Strong, Terry AU - Hansen, Edward AD - USDA Forest Service, Rhinelander, WI, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 255 EP - 261 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 0961-9534, 0961-9534 KW - Biomass productivity KW - Hybrid poplar KW - Intensive culture plantations KW - Pulp materials KW - Short rotation intensive culture KW - Tree spacing effects KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cloning KW - Wood KW - Biomass KW - Productivity KW - Cultivation KW - W4 461:BIOENGINEERING KW - W4 811:CELLULOSE, PAPER AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 913:PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16634098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=Hybrid+poplar+spacing%2Fproductivity+relations+in+short+rotation+intensive+culture+plantations.&rft.au=Strong%2C+Terry%3BHansen%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.issn=09619534&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cloning; Wood; Biomass; Productivity; Cultivation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Conservation partnerships for coldwater fisheries habitat. AN - 16633856; 3019418 AB - The Forest Service (FS) of the US Department of Agriculture and Trout Unlimited (TU) implemented a national partnership in 1987 to enhance the conservation and management of coldwater fisheries and their ecosystems. Fisheries resources on National Forest System lands include habitats on some 161,000 km of waterways, 890,000 ha of lakes and 26,500 km of coastline, amount to about 50% of all the trout and salmon habitat in the US. This unique national partnership spans some 475 TU chapters involving 70,000 volunteers working on 125 National Forests and 682 Ranger Districts providing a formidable work force for conservation activities. Since the FS-TU agreement took place, local and regional supplemental agreements have been implemented in 22 states covering 22 TU councils (274 chapters) and 99 National Forests (483 Ranger Districts). TU has become an effective partner and a prime supporter in getting management and budgetary reform built into the FS "Rise to the Future" national fisheries program. The FS and TU have effectively bridged the gap between former "outside" partners, and are now working partners or shareholders for the benefit of coldwater fisheries resource management. TU has become more technically aware and educated in fisheries management, and the FS has benefitted from more public involvement and concern for the resource. JF - Journal of the North American Benthological Society AU - Duff, DA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 206 EP - 210 VL - 12 IS - 2 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - fisheries KW - USA KW - conservation KW - wildlife management KW - human impact KW - freshwater environments KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16633856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.atitle=Conservation+partnerships+for+coldwater+fisheries+habitat.&rft.au=Duff%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Duff&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.issn=08873593&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of mixed cecal microflora maintained in continuous culture and of dietary lactose on Salmonella typhimurium colonization in broiler chicks AN - 16632088; 3634383 AB - Mixed cecal microflora obtained from a mature chicken were maintained in vitro in continuous-flow (CF) culture. The effect of the CF culture and dietary lactose on Salmonella typhimurium cecal colonization in broiler chicks was evaluated. When averaged across four replicates, chicks treated with the culture alone (1.75 log sub(10) decrease) or with 5% dietary lactose alone (2.98 log sub(10) decrease) were protected against S. typhimurium. Optimum protection against S. typhimurium was observed when birds were treated with the culture in combination with dietary lactose (4.27 log sub(10) decrease). Dietary lactose resulted in reduced cecal pH. A large increase in cecal propionic acid was observed in the birds given the CF culture. A significant correlation was observed between the cecal concentration of undissociated propionic acid and protection against S. typhimurium colonization (r = -0.78). The results indicated that indigenous cecal flora that protect against Salmonella colonization can be maintained without loss of efficacy in CF culture. (DBO) JF - Avian Diseases AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Corrier, DE AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 528 EP - 535 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - lactose KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - continuous culture KW - cecum KW - dietary intake KW - microflora KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - colonization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16632088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+mixed+cecal+microflora+maintained+in+continuous+culture+and+of+dietary+lactose+on+Salmonella+typhimurium+colonization+in+broiler+chicks&rft.au=Nisbet%2C+D+J%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Nisbet&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; colonization; cecum; microflora; dietary intake; continuous culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of established Salmonella typhimurium intestinal colonization with in vivo-passaged anaerobes. AN - 16631956; 3023651 AB - Broiler chickens were inoculated orally with 10 super(6) Salmonella typhimurium) on the day of hatch. Twenty-four to 72 hr after challenge, the chicks were inoculated orally with cecal microflora that had been repeatedly passed through lactose-fed broiler chicks. In vivo passage proved to be a convenient and practical method for preserving protective anaerobic flora. These organisms effectively reduced S. typhimurium concentrations in the cecal contents by 4-5 orders of magnitude, even when given 24 to 72 hr after Salmonella challenge inoculation. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Corrier, DE AU - DeLoach, J R AD - ARS-USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 183 EP - 188 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - lactose KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - cecum KW - anaerobic bacteria KW - diets KW - microflora KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - colonization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16631956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Control+of+established+Salmonella+typhimurium+intestinal+colonization+with+in+vivo-passaged+anaerobes.&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; colonization; anaerobic bacteria; gastrointestinal tract; microflora; cecum; diets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substantially submaximal oviposition rates by a mymarid egg parasitoid in laboratory and field. AN - 16630605; 3014734 AB - We examined in the laboratory and field the foraging behavior of the stenophagous egg parasitoid Anagrus delicatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) within discrete patches of its planthopper host, Prokelisia marginata (Homoptera: Delphacidae) on leaves of salt marsh cord grass, Spartina alterniflora . Even though many hosts on a patch were probed and rejected by each wasp, rejected hosts were parasitized by subsequent wasps and yielded live parasitoid offspring; rejected hosts were not unsuitable hosts. Single wasps dispersed before the ratio of unparasitized to parasitized hosts was much decreased by their efforts; dispersal was not precipitated by high encounters with parasitized hosts. Classical arguments of parasitoid foraging, which assume maximization of oviposition rate with respect to time, are inconsistent with the substantially submaximal oviposition rates for this parasitoid. Our hypothesis is that this is a foraging strategy build upon compromising the time rate of oviposition in favor of spreading ovipositions among patches and sites. We observed high mortality of host-plant leaves, and thus of host-insect patches, in the field due to leaf senescence (20-30%), which would favor spreading of parasitoid offspring among leaves. JF - Ecology AU - Cronin, J T AU - Strong AD - Forest Insect Res., USDA Forest Serv., 2500 Shreveport Highw., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1813 EP - 1825 VL - 74 IS - 6 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - Mymaridae KW - Hymenoptera KW - reproductive strategy KW - host-parasite interactions KW - Anagrus delicatus KW - oviposition KW - host searching behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16630605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Substantially+submaximal+oviposition+rates+by+a+mymarid+egg+parasitoid+in+laboratory+and+field.&rft.au=Cronin%2C+J+T%3BStrong&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anagrus delicatus; Mymaridae; Hymenoptera; USA, Florida; host searching behavior; host-parasite interactions; oviposition; reproductive strategy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunogens of bovine viral diarrhea virus AN - 16626272; 3656997 AB - Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a ubiquitous pathogen of cattle that induces economically important diseases affecting multiple organ systems. In the United States, over 150 biological products are licensed for control of BVDV. These products contain live or killed BVDV, and many products contain other viruses or bacteria. Potency tests for these vaccines are based on animal inoculation and serology. For live virus vaccines, titration of viral infectivity in cell culture is an accepted alternative to animal inoculation. The immunogens in a killed virus vaccine may be measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. Immunogens of BVDV that stimulate a protective immune response have not been conclusively identified. Epitopes on a putative viral envelope glycoprotein, gp53, are involved in viral neutralization. Other viral glycoproteins, gp48 and gp25, are immunogenic but epitopes on these proteins do not stimulate production of antibodies that efficiently neutralize virus. Progress in developing meaningful in vitro assays for quantitation of BVDV immunogens awaits identification of viral proteins that stimulate a protective immunity. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Bolin AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 263 EP - 271 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - bovine diarrhea-mucosal disease virus KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antigenic determinants KW - vaccines KW - neutralization KW - efficacy KW - disease control KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22144:Prophylaxis & control KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16626272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Immunogens+of+bovine+viral+diarrhea+virus&rft.au=Bolin&rft.aulast=Bolin&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antigenic determinants; neutralization; vaccines; efficacy; disease control; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient ecotone response to climatic change: Some conceptual and modelling approaches. AN - 16625898; 3003350 AB - Ecotones between biomes have been suggested as sensitive areas of change that could be effectively modelled and monitored for future change. Ecotones are also important in influencing local and regional biodiversity patterns and ecological flows. The ecological processes that could affect change at ecotones and within biomes are discussed; they include internal ecosystem processes, such as competition, and external abiotic processes, most notably drought and related disturbances. Drought followed by infestations and fire appears to be the most likely process that could mediate ecological change under a rapidly changing climate. The impacts would be apparent all across biomes, not just at ecotones. However, specific predictions about the dynamics of ecotones can be made qualitatively, based on a theory of patch scaling and diversity in relation to abiotic stressors. Under current conditions, the size of homogeneous patches is expected to be small at ecotones, but to enlarge with distance from the ecotone. Directional climatic change should promote a coalescence of patches on one side of the ecotone and increased fragmentation on the other side. Ecotones should begin to blur as viewed from a satellite only to re-form at some later date in a new location. This view is in contrast to the notion that ecotones would retain sharp distinction and simply move across the landscape. These changes are presented as hypotheses based on theory and should be testable in a mechanistic modeling framework that is only now being developed. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Neilson, R P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 385 EP - 395 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - ecotones KW - global warming KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16625898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Transient+ecotone+response+to+climatic+change%3A+Some+conceptual+and+modelling+approaches.&rft.au=Neilson%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Neilson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecotones; global warming; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Above-ground vegetative development and growth of winter wheat as influenced by nitrogen and water availability. AN - 16624596; 3012878 AB - Assessing the influence of nitrogen and water availability on development and growth of individual organs of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is critical in evaluating the response of wheat to environmental conditions. We constructed a simulation model (SHOOTGRO 2.0) of shoot vegetative development and growth from planting to early boot by adding nitrogen and water balances and response functions for seedling emergence, tiller and leaf appearance, leaf and internode growth, and leaf and tiller senescence to the existing wheat development and growth model, SHOOTGRO 1.0. Model inputs include daily maximum and minimum air temperature, rainfall, daily photosynthetically active radiation, soil characteristics necessary to compute soil N and water balances, and several factors describing the cultivar and soil conditions at planting. The model provides information on development and growth characteristics of up to six cohorts of plants within the canopy (cohort groupings are based on time of emergence). The cohort structure allows SHOOTGRO 2.0 to provide output on the frequency of occurrence of plants with specific features (tillers and leaves) within the canopy. The model was constructed so that only water availability limited seedling emergence. Resource availability (nitrogen and water) does not influence time of leaf appearance. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Wilhelm, W W AU - McMaster, G S AU - Rickman, R W AU - Klepper, B AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Agron., Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 183 EP - 203 VL - 68 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - nutrient availability KW - Triticum aestivum KW - water availability KW - shoots KW - growth KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16624596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Above-ground+vegetative+development+and+growth+of+winter+wheat+as+influenced+by+nitrogen+and+water+availability.&rft.au=Wilhelm%2C+W+W%3BMcMaster%2C+G+S%3BRickman%2C+R+W%3BKlepper%2C+B&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; shoots; growth; nutrient availability; water availability; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of rhizobacteria for biocontrol. AN - 16624571; 2993928 AB - Our understanding of the biochemical and genetic basis of the suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens by introduced rhizobacteria has advanced greatly over the last few years. It is known that secondary metabolites, such as the phenazines, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and hydrogen cyanide, have a critical role in the biocontrol of some pathogens. The biosynthetic loci for some of the metabolites have been cloned and expressed in other rhizobacteria resulting in "transgenic" strains with improved biocontrol activity. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Weller, D M AU - Thomashow, L S AD - Root Dis. Biol. Control Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Serv., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 306 EP - 311 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Rhizobacterium KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - transgenic KW - soil microorganisms KW - secondary metabolites KW - plant diseases KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16624571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Use+of+rhizobacteria+for+biocontrol.&rft.au=Weller%2C+D+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; soil microorganisms; plant diseases; secondary metabolites; transgenic ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An aggregation algorithm for increasing the efficiency of population models. AN - 16624428; 2995255 AB - An algorithm (called COMPRESS) is presented to efficiently combine (aggregate) similar individuals during a simulation of population dynamics, while retaining the basic behavior and overall variation in the system. The algorithm speeds up computing time and makes room for new individuals created by birth processes. First, a linear combination of the important attributes is calculated for each individual, based on the first principal component of the correlation matrix of attributes. After sorting these linear combinations, the largest gaps in the list are found and used as the basis for aggregation. During a second stage, the clusters with the largest ranges left after the first stage are split. The first stage maximizes variation among clusters, while the second stage reduces variation within clusters. Although the algorithm has more within-class variation than Fisher's optimal algorithm, in our applications this difference was only 1% of the total variation. Furthermore, computing time is reduced by an order of magnitude or more compared to Fisher's procedure. The effect of the algorithm on model behavior (e.g., bias) is minimal, comparing favorably with optimal procedures. The algorithm should be useful in any ecologically-based population model that simulates the development of a large number of individuals, such as trees. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Stage, A R AU - Crookston, N L AU - Monserud, R A AD - Intermountain Res. Stn., USDA For. Serv., Moscow, ID, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 257 EP - 271 VL - 68 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - algorithms KW - population dynamics KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16624428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=An+aggregation+algorithm+for+increasing+the+efficiency+of+population+models.&rft.au=Stage%2C+A+R%3BCrookston%2C+N+L%3BMonserud%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Stage&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population dynamics; algorithms; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of the Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum ) to the entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana . AN - 16622959; 3006252 JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biopolym. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 217 EP - 219 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - pathogenicity KW - Lasiocampidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Malacosoma americanum KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16622959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+the+Eastern+tent+caterpillar+%28Malacosoma+americanum+%29+to+the+entomogenous+fungus+Beauveria+bassiana+.&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Malacosoma americanum; Lasiocampidae; Lepidoptera; pathogenicity; entomopathogenic fungi; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control of hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata ) under field conditions with Colletotrichum truncatum formulated in an invert emulsion. AN - 16621151; 3039708 AB - In greenhouse experiments, conidia of Colletotrichum truncatum applied in an invert emulsion formulation controlled hemp sesbania 100% in the absence of a dew treatment. In field experiments, hemp sesbania control averaged 95 and 97% in 1989 and 1990, respectively, when this formulation was applied to hemp sesbania seedlings using tractor-mounted, air-assist nozzles. This level of weed control was comparable to that achieved from the herbicide acifluorfen. These results indicate that C. truncatum has excellent potential as a mycoherbicide for controlling hemp sesbania and that this potential can be augmented by formulating the pathogen as an invert emulsion. JF - Weed Science AU - Boyette, C D AU - Quimby, PC Jr AU - Bryson, C T AU - Egley, G H AU - Fulgham, F E AD - Rangeland Weeds Lab., ARS-USDA, M. State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 497 EP - 500 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Sesbania exultata KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - weed control KW - herbicides KW - A 01052:Effect of insecticides KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03100:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16621151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+hemp+sesbania+%28Sesbania+exaltata+%29+under+field+conditions+with+Colletotrichum+truncatum+formulated+in+an+invert+emulsion.&rft.au=Boyette%2C+C+D%3BQuimby%2C+PC+Jr%3BBryson%2C+C+T%3BEgley%2C+G+H%3BFulgham%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Boyette&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; weed control; herbicides; Colletotrichum truncatum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural enemies of the Asian Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantridae) in South Korea. AN - 16620875; 2988388 AB - Thirteen season-long collections of larvae and pupae of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., were made at seven forest sites near Seoul, South Korea, from 1984 to 1989 to detect the natural enemies and to determine their importance. Thirty natural enemy species were identified, including twenty that parasitized 12,388 of the 52,351 larvae and pupae reared during the study. Tachinid, braconid, and ichneumonid species accounted for > 99% of this parasitism, with tachinids being more abundant than braconids, which were more abundant than ichneumonids. The braconid Cotesia melanoscelus (Ratzeburg), which parasitized 24.4% of first and second instars, was the most important parasitoid. Parasitigena silvestris Robineau-Desvoidy (Tachinidae), which parasitized 27.6% of fifth and sixth instars and 36.3% of the prepupae, was second in importance. Blepharipa schineri Mesnil, a larval-pupal tachinid parasitoid, which killed 37.5% of the pupae, is considered to be the best candidate for establishment against the moth in the United States. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) caused the greatest mortality observed in the study, at times killing all larvae. No relationship was observed between levels of parasitism and gypsy moth population densities except for C. melanoscelus , which cause more parasitism in larger populations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Pemberton, R W AU - Lee, J H AU - Reed, D K AU - Carlson, R W AU - Han, HY AD - Asian Parasite Lab., USDA-ARS, (Seoul, South Korea), c/o American Embassy, Unit No. 15550, APO AP 96205-0001, Korea Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 423 EP - 440 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Korea KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Lymantriidae KW - biological control KW - parasites KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Natural+enemies+of+the+Asian+Gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantridae%29+in+South+Korea.&rft.au=Pemberton%2C+R+W%3BLee%2C+J+H%3BReed%2C+D+K%3BCarlson%2C+R+W%3BHan%2C+HY&rft.aulast=Pemberton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; parasites; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial characterization and HPLC isolation of bacteria-produced attractants for the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens . AN - 16620662; 3010406 AB - Methods were developed to collect and isolate volatile chemicals produced by a Staphylococcus bacterium in tryptic soy culture that are attractive to protein-hungry adult Mexican fruit flies. Centrifugation of bacteria culture yielded a slightly attractive pellet containing most of the bacteria cells and a highly attractive supernatant. Supernatant filtered to remove the remaining bacteria was as attractive as the unfiltered supernatant. Filtrate at pH 7 and above was much more attractive than filtrate at pH 5 and below. Most of the attractiveness was retained on strong cation exchange media under acidic conditions and eluted with base. Attractive principles could not be trapped on adsorbents such as Porapak Q or extracted with organic solvents from aqueous preparations, but they were easily collected by headspace sweeping with steam. The attractive components were efficiently concentrated by rotary evaporation of steam distillate at pH 5, but at higher pH much of the attractiveness distilled. A reverse-phase HPLC method using a negative counter-ion was developed to separate and collect attractive components of concentrated steam distillate. Attractive fractions collected using this method were concentrated and injected onto silica HPLC. Activity eluted from silica in two distinct bands. Results suggest that the most attractive components of the bacterial odor are highly polar, low-molecular-weight amines. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Warfield, W C AU - Albach, R F AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 543 EP - 558 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - chemical composition KW - attractants KW - Staphylococcus KW - Tephritidae KW - Diptera KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18052:Feeding KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Partial+characterization+and+HPLC+isolation+of+bacteria-produced+attractants+for+the+Mexican+fruit+fly%2C+Anastrepha+ludens+.&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BWarfield%2C+W+C%3BAlbach%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Staphylococcus; Tephritidae; Diptera; attractants; chemical composition; high-performance liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat pattern around northern spotted owl locations on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. AN - 16620556; 3004550 AB - We compared owl habitat pattern around northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina ) locations with owl habitat pattern around random locations and in owl home ranges to assess the impact of habitat fragmentation on owl habitat selection and reproductive performance. Owls were located at 78 sites, and their reproductive status determined by standard call-survey protocol on the Olympic National Forest (ONF), Washington. Owl locations and 100 random locations were mapped across the ONF on owl habitat maps. Habitat pattern attributes were measured in concentric circles of 813; 3,253; and 7,320 ha around each owl and random location. Owl habitat pattern in 6 home ranges of owl pairs also was measured. Values of most pattern attributes in random circles differed (P < 0.05) with circle size, or measurement scale. Owl habitat area was greater and some attributes of fragmentation lower in circular areas around owl locations than around random circles (P less than or equal to 0.05). Pattern did not differ in areas around single versus paired owls. Owl habitat pattern in home ranges was comparable to that in paired 3,253-ha owl circles. Principal components analysis of habitat pattern in 3,253-ha areas around owl locations showed that owl habitat area and variation in patch sizes accounted for 52% of the variation in habitat pattern. We suggest the percentage of area in owl habitat, an isolation index, and the CV of patch area are useful measures of owl habitat pattern in spotted owl home ranges. Our results support the use of circular areas on the order of 3,200 ha for assessment of northern spotted owl habitat on the Olympic Peninsula. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Lehmkuh, J L AU - Raphael, M G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 302 EP - 315 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - Strix occidentalis caurina KW - habitat preferences KW - habitat fragmentation KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Habitat+pattern+around+northern+spotted+owl+locations+on+the+Olympic+Peninsula%2C+Washington.&rft.au=Lehmkuh%2C+J+L%3BRaphael%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Lehmkuh&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis caurina; USA, Washington; habitat preferences; habitat fragmentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (N-O-Me-DIMBOA), a possible toxic factor in corn to the southwestern corn borer. AN - 16620495; 3007569 AB - The southwestern corn borer (SWCB), Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, is a major pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the southern United States. The damage to corn is caused primarily by larval feeding on leaf, ear, and stem tissues. In this study, 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (N-O-Me-DIMBOA) was identified by MS and NMR as present in corn whorl surface waxes. This compound has evidently not been isolated previously, but its glucoside has been reported in corn, wheat, and Coix lachryma . It is present in the waxes in a higher concentration than DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) and 6-MBOA (6-methoxybenzoxazolinone). It was toxic to the SWCB in a stress diet, but it was less toxic to this insect than 6-MBOA when incorporated in the standard rearing diet. Nevertheless, it may have some role in the resistance of corn to the SWCB because the total surface wax content is higher in resistant lines than in susceptible lines. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hedin, P A AU - Davis, F M AU - Williams, W P AD - Crop Sci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 531 EP - 542 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - (N-O-Me-DIMBOA) KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - allomones KW - Lepidoptera KW - pest resistance KW - Zea mays KW - Diatraea grandiosella KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04636:Grasses KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=2-Hydroxy-4%2C7-dimethoxy-1%2C4-benzoxazin-3-one+%28N-O-Me-DIMBOA%29%2C+a+possible+toxic+factor+in+corn+to+the+southwestern+corn+borer.&rft.au=Hedin%2C+P+A%3BDavis%2C+F+M%3BWilliams%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Hedin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Diatraea grandiosella; Pyralidae; Lepidoptera; pest resistance; allomones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire ant thermal preferences: Behavioral control of growth and metabolism. AN - 16620144; 3004592 AB - Thermal preferences of well-fed and food-limited fire ant colonies (Solenopsis invicta ) were studied in relation to colony growth and metabolic costs. The growth curve for well-fed colonies was strongly skewed toward warmer temperatures with maximal growth occurring near 32 degree C. The growth curve for food-limited colonies was skewed toward cooler temperatures with maximal colony size occurring around 25 degree C. Food-limited colonies apparently grew larger at cooler temperatures because metabolic costs of workers were reduced. A series of binary choice tests confirmed three predictions concerning fire ant thermal preferences. First, well-fed colonies preferred brood temperatures very near the optimum for colony growth (31 degree C versus 32 degree C). Colonies were also able to select appropriate suboptimal growth temperatures when the optimal range was unavailable. Secondly, as predicted, a large percentage of colony workers ( similar to 30% in well-fed colonies) consistently chose cooler temperatures than those selected for the brood. This strategy probably increases longevity of workers not directly associated with brood care. Thirdly, food-limited colonies preferred cooler temperatures than well-fed colonies. JF - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology AU - Porter, S D AU - Tschinkel, W R AD - Med. Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 321 EP - 329 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0340-5443, 0340-5443 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - thermoregulatory behavior KW - metabolism KW - Formicidae KW - temperature preferences KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - population growth KW - Hymenoptera KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Ecology+and+Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Fire+ant+thermal+preferences%3A+Behavioral+control+of+growth+and+metabolism.&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D%3BTschinkel%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+Ecology+and+Sociobiology&rft.issn=03405443&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; thermoregulatory behavior; temperature preferences; population growth; metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating Landsat thematic mapper derived vegetation indices for estimating above-ground biomass on semiarid rangelands. AN - 16619715; 3004606 AB - Ground data from the Central Plains Experimental Range in northeast Colorado and Landsat satellite images of that area acquired in August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 were used to evaluate the level of association that can be expected from a univariate model relating spectrally derived vegetation indices (difference, ratio, and normalized difference vegetation indices) and dried green vegetation biomass. The vegetation indices were related to the ground sample estimates using a sample point, spectral class, and greenness strata approach. No strong relationships were found between the vegetation indices and sample estimates of dried green biomass using the sample point approach. The spectral class approach produced significant results only for the June 1990 sample period (r super(2) = 0.96). Significant relationships were found for the August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 samples periods (r super(2) = 0.95, 0.71, and 0.95, respectively) when the data were aggregated by greenness strata. The high degree of association between green biomass and the NDVI, obtained when the data were combined into greenness strata, indicated that it is possible to predict green biomass levels on semiarid rangelands using univariate regression models. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Anderson, G L AU - Hanson, J D AU - Haas, R H AD - USDA/ARS/RSRU, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 165 EP - 175 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Colorado KW - Landsat KW - rangelands KW - vegetation surveys KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16619715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Landsat+thematic+mapper+derived+vegetation+indices+for+estimating+above-ground+biomass+on+semiarid+rangelands.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+G+L%3BHanson%2C+J+D%3BHaas%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landsat; USA, Colorado; vegetation surveys; rangelands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) consumption and utilization of northern red oak and white oak foliage exposed to simulated acid rain and ozone. AN - 16619363; 2988516 AB - Two-year-old seedlings of white oak, Quercus alba L., and red oak, Q. rubra L., were exposed to ozone (O sub(3)) fumigations in four continuously stirred tank reactor chambers in the greenhouse for 8 h/d, 3 d/wk for 6 wk. Fumigation treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CFA) and CFA + 0.15 ppm O sub(3). Two simulated rain treatments, pH 4.2 and pH 3.0, of approximately equals 1.25 cm were applied once each week in rain-simulation chambers. Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar) (L.), third instars were allowed to feed on leaf disks from treated seedlings for 24 h. Leaf area consumed, food assimilated, weight gain, and relative growth rate (RGR) were examined. Overall, larvae fed white oak foliage consumed more foliage and gained more weight than those fed red oak foliage. Response to the fumigation and rain treatments was different for each oak species. On white oak foliage, larvae consumed significantly less foliage treated with CFA + pH 3.0 rain, but the lowest RGR occurred with the 0.15 ppm O sub(3) + pH 4.2 rain treatment. The most food assimilated, greatest weight gain, and highest RGR occurred with the CFA + pH 4.2 rain control. Red oak foliage consumed was equivalent for all treatments, but foliage exposed to CFA + pH 3.0 rain resulted in more food assimilated, greater weight gain, and higher RGR for that species. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cannon, WN Jr AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 669 EP - 673 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - ozone KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus alba KW - Quercus rubra KW - food consumption KW - USA, Ohio KW - acid rain KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16619363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+consumption+and+utilization+of+northern+red+oak+and+white+oak+foliage+exposed+to+simulated+acid+rain+and+ozone.&rft.au=Cannon%2C+WN+Jr&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=WN&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Quercus alba; Quercus rubra; USA, Ohio; food consumption; acid rain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonlethal rodent repellents: Differences in chemical structure and efficacy from nonlethal bird repellent. AN - 16618795; 3039984 AB - At least some anthranilates (e.g., methyl anthranilate), and acetophenones (e.g., orthoaminoacetophenone) are aversive to mice as well as to birds. Here we systematically examined nine acetophenone isomers (ortho, meta, para) and moieties (amino, hydroxy, methoxy) previously tested as drinking and feeding repellents for European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris ). All nine substances reduced intake by mice in single-bottle tests. When molecular characteristics were examined, amino group reactivity and, to a lesser extent, isomeric position (i.e., resonance), were related to the strength of the avoidance response. Unlike effective avian repellents, the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds did not appear to affect avoidance responding. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Nolte, D L AU - Mason, J R AU - Clark, L AD - USDA/Anim. and Plant Health Inspect. Serv., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 1835 Black Lake Blvd. SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2019 EP - 2027 VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - mice KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - aversion learning KW - chemical composition KW - repellents KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18058:Learning & conditioning KW - Y 25887:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16618795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Nonlethal+rodent+repellents%3A+Differences+in+chemical+structure+and+efficacy+from+nonlethal+bird+repellent.&rft.au=Nolte%2C+D+L%3BMason%2C+J+R%3BClark%2C+L&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - repellents; chemical composition; aversion learning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size grading may alter sex ratios of fingerling channel catfish. AN - 16618290; 2984387 AB - The influence of size grading on sex ratios and growth was evaluated for small (0.2-4.0 g) channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus ). Channel catfish from 15 families were ungraded or were graded into two or three size-groups by mean of bar graders with 0.40-0.99-cm slot widths. The 57 groups obtained were reared separately for 3-4 months in 150-L fiberglass tanks. Weight, length, and sex were then determined on up to 100 fish per group. The frequency of males from all families was 51.5%; although progeny from individual families varied from 45.1 to 56.0% males, the frequencies were not different from the expected 1:1 male:female ratio. Males usually were preferentially selected (mean plus or minus SD, 65.1 plus or minus 3.5%) by a grader with a slot width of 0.91 cm, which retained the largest fish in a population; graders with smaller slot widths did not consistently affect the sex distribution. Harvest size of fingerlings was variable and was influenced by initial weights and densities; family-by-grader interactions were significant (P less than or equal to 0.05). Sexually dimorphic growth was observed in 19 of 57 tanks, and in those instances males were always larger than females. Variances for weight and length between sexes were different in less than 10% of the tanks, and the magnitude of the variance differences was significantly influenced by families. These results suggest that grading fingerlings as small as 3 g can affect sex ratios and that channel catfish families may be selected to enhance or decrease sex-related growth differences. JF - Progressive Fish-Culturist AU - Goudie, CA AU - Simco, BA AU - Davis, K B AU - Carmichael, G J AD - USDA-ARS, Catfish Genet. Res. Unit P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0033-0779, 0033-0779 KW - size grading KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - fish culture KW - sex ratio KW - body size KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - growth KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16618290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.atitle=Size+grading+may+alter+sex+ratios+of+fingerling+channel+catfish.&rft.au=Goudie%2C+CA%3BSimco%2C+BA%3BDavis%2C+K+B%3BCarmichael%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Goudie&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.issn=00330779&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fish culture; aquaculture techniques; body size; sex ratio; growth; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Spatial variability of microbial processes in soil--A review. AN - 16617771; 3033749 AB - Microbial transformations of fertilizers and pesticides in the surface soil have a direct impact on the mass of the agrochemical that is susceptible to leaching losses. Thus, our greatest potential for controlling leaching losses of agrochemicals is through the management of these compounds in the surface soil. A variety of strategies have been employed to maximize the residence time of applied chemical in the surface soil, including: timing of application, formulation (e.g., slow-release fertilizers and encapsulated pesticides), and the use of compounds that modify microbial activity in soil. Although these strategies have met with some success, more precise quantification of the microbial transformations of agrochemicals is required to aid the development of improved management strategies. This article reviews several aspects of spatial variability associated with microbial populations and processes. The discussion focuses on the scale at which variability is expressed, and the soil and environmental variables that serve to control variability at each scale. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Parkin, T B Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 409 EP - 417 VL - 22 IS - 3 KW - spatial variability KW - soils KW - transformation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - chemicals KW - soil microorganisms KW - agrochemicals KW - leaching KW - microbiology KW - A 01047:General KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16617771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+of+microbial+processes+in+soil--A+review.&rft.au=Parkin%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Parkin&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of organic acid salts for Clostridium botulinum control in an uncured turkey product AN - 16616846; 3638290 AB - Health concerns have led consumers toward purchasing nitrite-free, low salt meat and poultry products. Lacking these barriers to control growth of bacterial pathogens, such products carry heightened risks for botulism, especially if temperature abused. To address this threat, five organic acid salts were evaluated as potential antibotulinal agents. Ground turkey breast was formulated with 1.4% NaCl, 0.3% sodium pyrophosphate, 0-6% organic acid salts, 10% ice, and 500 spores per g of a 6-strain mixture of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum. Vacuum-packaged product (10 g) was heated in 75 degree C water for 20 min, cooled, and incubated for up to 18 d at 28 degree C. Botulinal neurotoxin was detected by mouse bioassay at 2 d in samples which lacked any of the test compounds. Samples containing 2% acid salt developed neurotoxin, which was detected at 2, 2, 4, 5, and 5 d for pyruvate, citrate, lactate, acetate, and propionate, respectively. With 6% acid salt additions, samples remained neurotoxin free until 7 d with pyruvate, 18 d with citrate, and >18 d for the remaining compounds. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Miller, A J AU - Call, JE AU - Whiting, R C AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 958 EP - 962 VL - 56 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - organic acid salts KW - control KW - poultry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - H SE4.22:FOOD PRESERVATION KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+organic+acid+salts+for+Clostridium+botulinum+control+in+an+uncured+turkey+product&rft.au=Miller%2C+A+J%3BCall%2C+JE%3BWhiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=958&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; food contamination; control; poultry ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cellular automata simulations of fungal growth on solid substrates. AN - 16616827; 67941 AB - Growth of filamentous fungi on the surface of cereal grains is a critical aspect of solid substrate fermentation (SSF). Numerous mathematical models have been developed to describe various aspects of fungal growth in SSF. These models consider hyphal geometry and nutrient availability as determinants of colony morphology and fungal physiological state. This work describes the use of cellular automata (CA) as an alternative method of modeling fungal growth. CA models reliant on a very limited set of rules or 'knowledge base' display a rich array of behaviors that mimic fungal growth. By incorporating probabilistic growth rules into CA models, colony characteristics such as biomass accumulation rate, colony radial growth rate, mycelial density and fungal differentiation are readily generated. JF - Biotechnology Advances AU - Laszlo, Joseph A AU - Silman, Robert W Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 621 EP - 633 VL - 11 IS - 3 KW - Cellular automata KW - Filamentous fungal growth KW - Growth kinetics KW - Solid state fermentation KW - Solid substrates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Fermentation KW - Morphology KW - Physiology KW - Substrates KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.atitle=Cellular+automata+simulations+of+fungal+growth+on+solid+substrates.&rft.au=Laszlo%2C+Joseph+A%3BSilman%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Laszlo&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.issn=07349750&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative resistance of thirteen apple rootstocks to three species of Phytophthora . AN - 16616118; 3037948 AB - Thirteen apple rootstocks (Antonovka 18, and a domestic seedling (Malus domestica )) were evaluated for resistance to root and crown rots caused by Phytophthora cactorum, P. cambivora , and P. cryptogea in artificially infested soil and for resistance to canker development caused by P. cactorum and P. cambivora in excised and intact stems. In soil infested with P. cactorum , M.9 EMLA, Mark, Bud.118, and Bud.9 were highly resistant (mean crown circumference girdled 2-11%); MM.106 EMLA, Ant.313, and the domestic seedling were highly susceptible (mean crown circumference girdled 74-96%); and the remaining rootstocks were intermediate. With P. cambivora , Mark and Bud.118 were highly resistant (mean root rot 9%); Bud.9, M.7 EMLA, and P.18 were intermediate, and the other rootstocks were moderately to highly susceptible (mean root rot 47-98%). With P. cryptogea , most rootstocks were relatively resistant (mean root rot 1-10%), except M.4, MM.111 EMLA, Ant.313, and P.18 (mean root rot 18-42%). After stem inoculations with P. cactorum , mean canker lengths in excised and intact rootstock stems were correlated positively with mean crown rot lengths in corresponding apple rootstocks grown in infested soil. With P. cambivora , however, mean canker lengths from stem assays of resistance did not correlate significantly with mean crown rot lengths from infested soil assays of resistance. Relative resistance to Phytophthora spp. in apple rootstocks can vary by Phytophthora sp. and by method of evaluation. JF - Phytopathology AU - Browne, G T AU - Mircetich, S M AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 744 EP - 749 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - crown rot KW - rootstocks KW - infection KW - Phytophthora KW - Malus domestica KW - root rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Relative+resistance+of+thirteen+apple+rootstocks+to+three+species+of+Phytophthora+.&rft.au=Browne%2C+G+T%3BMircetich%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Phytophthora; disease resistance; crown rot; root rot; rootstocks; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral responses to food volatiles by two species of stored-product Coleoptera, Sitophilus oryzae (Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae). AN - 16615288; 3034672 AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the behavioral activity of grain-derived volatiles as attractants and pheromone synergists for Sitophilus oryzae , an internal-feeding pest of sound grain, and Tribolium castaneum , an external-feeding pest of damaged grains and flour. Behavioral studies with two-choice pitfall bioassays determined that the fresh grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin were attractive of S. oryzae at various doses, but T. castaneum were not attracted to any dose of any of these three compounds. When oils from pressed grains were bioassayed, sesame oil was significantly repellent and oat and wheat germ oils were attractive to S. oryzae . However, rice, soybean, oat, wheat germ, and corn oils were all attractive to T. castaneum . A commercial food product composed primarily of soybean oil and wheat germ was highly attractive to T. castaneum , but elicited no response from S. oryzae . A combination of the three grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin with the synthetic pheromone sitophinone was more attractive to S. oryzae than either the pheromone alone or the tripartite grain volatile mix. Similarly, a combination of the commercial food product with the pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal was more attractive to T. castaneum than either food alone or pheromone alone. Behavioral responses to grain volatiles may reflect the ecological niche of the granivore. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Phillips, T W AU - Jiang, X-L AU - Burkholder, W E AU - Phillips, J K AU - Tran, H Q AD - USDA ARS, Stored-Prod. Insect Res. Unit, Dep. Entomol., Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 723 EP - 734 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - behaviour KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Tenebrionidae KW - Tribolium castaneum KW - Sitophilus oryzae KW - pests KW - attractants KW - Coleoptera KW - olfaction KW - stored products KW - volatiles KW - food KW - Curculionidae KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16615288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+responses+to+food+volatiles+by+two+species+of+stored-product+Coleoptera%2C+Sitophilus+oryzae+%28Curculionidae%29+and+Tribolium+castaneum+%28Tenebrionidae%29.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+T+W%3BJiang%2C+X-L%3BBurkholder%2C+W+E%3BPhillips%2C+J+K%3BTran%2C+H+Q&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sitophilus oryzae; Tribolium castaneum; Curculionidae; Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera; volatiles; food; olfaction; stored products; attractants; pests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field comparison of different strains of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in western Maryland in 1990. AN - 16614767; 3035240 AB - Gypchek, as the LDP226 strain of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispari (L.), was compared in small forest plots with the Abington isolate (Pass 10), each at three dosages. Also evaluated were one dose of virus produced in cell culture, one dose of Gypchek applied without sunscreen, and an untreated control. A dose-response was demonstrated for both the Abington and Gypchek strains. The Abington isolate killed significantly faster than the Gypchek strain, but no statistical difference was seen in virulence, as measured by larval mortality, between the two products. Virus produced in cell culture was found to be active in the bioassay of field-collected larvae. The presence or absence of the sunscreen Orzan did not affect results. Treatment effects as measured by late-season field parameters (larval mortality, defoliation, and egg mass population change) were obscured by forest-wide natural mortality factors. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Webb, R E AU - Shapiro, M AU - Podgwaite, J D AU - Lynn, DE AU - Dougherty, E M AU - Ridgway, R L AU - Venables, L AU - Cohen, D L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1185 EP - 1190 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - forests KW - Lymantriidae KW - toxicity KW - USA, Maryland KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16614767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+comparison+of+different+strains+of+gypsy+moth+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+against+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+in+western+Maryland+in+1990.&rft.au=Webb%2C+R+E%3BShapiro%2C+M%3BPodgwaite%2C+J+D%3BLynn%2C+DE%3BDougherty%2C+E+M%3BRidgway%2C+R+L%3BVenables%2C+L%3BCohen%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; toxicity; Lymantriidae; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera; USA, Maryland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ammonium and nitrate on nutrient uptake and activity of nitrogen assimilating enzymes in western hemlock. AN - 16614731; 3027829 AB - Western hemlock seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions with ammonium, nitrate or ammonium plus nitrate as nitrogen sources. The objectives were to examine (1) possible selectivity for ammonium or nitrate as an N source, (2) the maintenance of charge balance during ammonium and nitrate uptake, and (3) the activity of the nitrogen assimilating enzymes, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, in relation to the uptake of different nitrogen sources. The uptake studies revealed that western hemlock takes up ammonium faster than nitrate and that ammonium partially inhibits nitrate uptake. Efflux of H super(+), 1.26 mu equiv super(-1) NH sub(4) super(+), occurred to maintain charge balance in plants utilizing ammonium nitrogen whereas potassium served as a counter-ion in the uptake of nitrate. Nitrate reductase activity varied with nitrate availability in root tissue, but showed no response in needles. There was no glutamine synthetase response to differing nitrogen sources or uptake rates in root tissue, and little response in needles. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in root tissue varied significantly with nitrogen source, being greatest in treatments containing ammonium. Results indicate that western hemlock may be adapted to sites where NH sub(4) super(+) is the predominant N source. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Knoepp, J D AU - Turner, D P AU - Tingey, D T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., 999 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 179 EP - 191 VL - 59 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient uptake KW - habitat preferences KW - enzymatic activity KW - nitrogen sources KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16614731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ammonium+and+nitrate+on+nutrient+uptake+and+activity+of+nitrogen+assimilating+enzymes+in+western+hemlock.&rft.au=Knoepp%2C+J+D%3BTurner%2C+D+P%3BTingey%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Knoepp&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; nitrogen sources; enzymatic activity; habitat preferences; nutrient uptake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of NADH oxidase from Serpulina (Treponema ) hyodysenteriae . AN - 16613256; 2985246 AB - NADH oxidase (EC 1.6.99.3) was purified from cell lysates of Serpulina (Treponema ) hyodysenteriae B204 by differential ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on anion-exchange, dye-ligand-affinity, and size-exclusion columns. Purified NADH oxidase had a specific activity 119-fold higher than that of cell lysates and migrated as a single band during denaturing gel electrophoresis (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)). The enzyme was a monomeric protein with an estimated molecular mass of 47 to 48 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE and size-exclusion chromatography. Optimum enzyme activity occurred in buffers with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In the presence of oxygen, beta -NADH but not alpha -NADH, alpha -NADPH, or beta -NADPH was rapidly oxidized by the enzyme. Oxygen was the only identified electron acceptor for the enzyme. On isoelectric focusing gels, the enzyme separated into three subforms, with isoelectric pH values of 5.25, 5.35, and 5.45. Purified NADH oxidase had a typical flavoprotein absorption spectrum, with peak absorbances at wavelengths of 274, 376, and 448 nm. Flavin adenine dinucleotide was identified as a cofactor and was noncovalently associated with the enzyme at a molar ratio of 1:1. Assays of the enzyme after various chemical treatments indicated that a flavin cofactor and a sulfhydryl group(s), but not a metal cofactor, were essential for activity. Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were not yielded in significant amounts by the S. hyodysenteriae NADH oxidase, indirect evidence that the enzyme produces water from reduction of oxygen with NADH. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the NADH oxidase was determined. In its biochemical properties, the NADH oxidase of S. hyodysenteriae resembles the NADH oxidase of another intestinal bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis . JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stanton, T B AU - Jensen, N S AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2980 EP - 2987 VL - 175 IS - 10 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - NADH oxidase KW - Enterococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - characterization KW - purification KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - comparison KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+NADH+oxidase+from+Serpulina+%28Treponema+%29+hyodysenteriae+.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BJensen%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; purification; characterization; comparison ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of induced molting on the susceptibility of white leghorn hens to a Salmonella enteritidis infection AN - 16612900; 3634374 AB - Older white leghorn hens (more than 52 weeks old) were induced to molt using a 14-day feed-removal protocol. On day 4 of feed removal, groups of hens were infected with varying 10-fold dilutions of Salmonella enteritidis, and these hens were examined for S. enteritidis intestinal shedding 7 days later. Molting hens infected with a 10 super(-2) dilution of S. enteritidis shed 3-4 logs more of the organism at 7 days postinfection than the unmolted group receiving a similar dose. The mean infectious dose (ID sub(50)) for S. enteritidis in unmolted hens ranged from 0.65 x 10 super(4) to 5.6 x 10 super(4), whereas in molting hens the ID sub(50) was found to be less than 10 super(1), a 2-3 log increase in the susceptibility of the hens to the organism. (DBO) JF - Avian Diseases AU - Holt, P S AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 412 EP - 417 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - susceptibility KW - infection KW - molting KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16612900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+induced+molting+on+the+susceptibility+of+white+leghorn+hens+to+a+Salmonella+enteritidis+infection&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; susceptibility; molting; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of the plant toxins nitropropionic acid and nitropropanol by ruminal microorganisms. AN - 16609429; 3032473 AB - The nitro toxins 3-nitro-1-propionic acid (NPA) and 3-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH), which are found in many leguminous plants, are known to be detoxified by ruminal microorganisms. The rates of the detoxification reactions are critical to acquisition of tolerance to the plants by ruminant animals, but further information is needed about factors which influence reaction rates and about the nature of the detoxification reactions. We found that rates of disappearance of NPA and NPOH varied somewhat between samples of ruminal fluid but were usually about 0.4 and 0.1 mu mol/ml of ruminal fluid per h, respectively, and that rates with threefold-concentrated cells from rumen fluid were correspondingly higher. We present evidence that ruminal microbes from both cattle and sheep reduce these nitro groups in situ, so that NPA is converted to beta -alanine and NPOH is converted to 3-amino-1-propanol. These products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and, as their dabsyl derivatives, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The product beta -alanine was itself metabolized by these mixed suspensions of rumen microbes, so its recovery was always less than what would be estimated from NPA loss, but as much as 87% of the NPOH lost from incubation mixtures was recovered as 3-amino-1-propanol. Addition of sulfide and ferrous ions to suspensions of ruminal microbes increased the rate of NPOH reduction about threefold, but rates of NPA reduction were not similarly increased. When incubations were under hydrogen gas instead of carbon dioxide, the addition of sulfide and ferrous ions led to even greater (five- to eightfold) increases in the rates of NPOH metabolism. The effect of hydrogen gas was not replaced by the effects of any of a number of other potential hydrogen donors that were tested. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Anderson, R C AU - Rasmussen, MA AU - Allison, MJ AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3056 EP - 3061 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - nitropropionic acid KW - nitropropanol KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - metabolism KW - plants KW - symbionts KW - rumen microorganisms KW - thin-layer chromatography KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16609429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+the+plant+toxins+nitropropionic+acid+and+nitropropanol+by+ruminal+microorganisms.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+C%3BRasmussen%2C+MA%3BAllison%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3056&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rumen microorganisms; plants; toxins; metabolism; thin-layer chromatography; symbionts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Origin of the nonhydratable soybean phosphatides: Whole beans or extraction ?. AN - 16608736; 63972 AB - Whole soybeans and flakes, tempered to normal (10%) and elevated (14%) moisture levels, were stored and then extracted under a variety of conditions in both the presence or absence of phospholipase activity. Crude oils were degummed, and the resulting nonhydratable phosphatide (NHP) content was determined. Extractions performed on flakes at ambient temperature or at the boiling point of hexane showed that at normal (10%) moisture levels the temperature of extraction had little effect on the magnitude of NHP formation; whereas at 14% moisture, considerably higher levels of NHP were observed at the higher extraction temperature. Studies performed with 10- and 14%- moisture whole beans stored at 40 degree C for extended periods, with or without inactivation of enzymes, showed that at normal 10% moisture levels little deterioration occurs after one week of storage; however, after four weeks considerable NHP is formed. At 14% moisture, NHP formation was rapid during the first week of storage, and complete destruction of the phospholipid occurred after four weeks' storage at 40 degree C. The results of these experiments indicate that the adverse effects of storage conditions, excessive moisture levels and elevated temperatures cannot be overcome by inactivation of phospholipase D prior to solvent extraction of the flakes. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - List, G R AU - Mounts, T L AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 639 EP - 641 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Degumming KW - Non-hydratable phosphatides KW - Phospholipase D KW - Soybeans KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Extraction KW - Lipids KW - Enzymes KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16608736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+nonhydratable+soybean+phosphatides%3A+Whole+beans+or+extraction+%3F.&rft.au=List%2C+G+R%3BMounts%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=List&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Extraction; Lipids; Enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) of the Chiapanecan Forests: A faunal survey and chorographic analysis AN - 16608152; 3672854 AB - The scarab beetle faunas of the five major forest-types in the Mexican state of Chiapas were surveyed and analyzed chorographically. Tropical deciduous forest had slightly more species than montane rain forest or lowland rain forest. The cloud forest had far fewer species represented than the other forest types. However, the cloud forest had the highest proportion (30%) of regional endemics. Endemism followed a decreasing gradient from high to low elevation. In terms of distributional affinities, the majority of species were either widespread (from Central Mexico to Costa Rica) or were Mexican (Chiapas to Central Mexico). Only about seven percent of the fauna was of southern affinity (Chiapas south to Costa Rica). This latter group was mainly found in low elevational forests. The subfamilies Dynastinae and Scarabaeinae had the largest proportion of species with southern affinity, and a low proportion of endemics. The Cetoniinae were overwhelmingly Mexican in distributional affinity. The Trichiinae and Melolonthinae had the greatest proportion of endemics and the lowest proportion of widespread species. In general the phytophagous subfamilies tended to have a strong Mexican influence, a low ecological amplitude, and reached their greatest diversity in the seasonally dry tropical deciduous forest. Overall, the pattern suggested a mixed origin for the Chiapas scarab fauna with important parallels in the evolutionary history of the flora; i.e., an ancient northern element at high elevations, and a recent southern influence at the lower elevations. JF - Coleopterists Bulletin AU - Thomas, D B AD - USDA-ARS Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 363 EP - 408 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0010-065X, 0010-065X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - forests KW - community composition KW - Coleoptera KW - biogeography KW - Mexico KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Z 05230:Neotropical region KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16608152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Scarabaeidae+%28Coleoptera%29+of+the+Chiapanecan+Forests%3A+A+faunal+survey+and+chorographic+analysis&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.issn=0010065X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scarabaeidae; Coleoptera; Mexico; community composition; biogeography; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a monoclonal antibody to detect predation of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci . AN - 16607666; 3028195 AB - We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of whitefly antigen in the guts of predaceous arthropods based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced in response to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) egg antigen. We observed positive antigen antibody reactions with the egg and the adult female stages of certain whitefly species and not with others. This MAb did not cross-react with any of the whitefly nymphs or adult males we tested. Moreover, this MAb did not cross-react with the various life stages of other insect species we examined. This immunologically-based technique to identify egg facilitates examinations of predator gut contents in the field. Such a specific and sensitive whitefly egg immunoassay will expedite the characterization of the B. tabaci predator complex in the southwestern United States. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Hagler, J R AU - Brower, A G AU - Tu, Z AU - Byrne, D N AU - Bradley-Dunlop, D AU - Enriquez, F J AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 231 EP - 236 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - predation KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - identification KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16607666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+monoclonal+antibody+to+detect+predation+of+the+sweetpotato+whitefly%2C+Bemisia+tabaci+.&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BBrower%2C+A+G%3BTu%2C+Z%3BByrne%2C+D+N%3BBradley-Dunlop%2C+D%3BEnriquez%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; monoclonal antibodies; identification; predation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium species: Chemistry, genetics, and significance. AN - 16604721; 3039430 AB - Several species of the genus Fusarium and related fungi produce trichothecenes which are sesquiterpenoid epoxides that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis. Interest in the trichothecenes is due primarily to their widespread contamination of agricultural commodities and their adverse effects on human and animal health. In this review, we describe the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway in Fusarium species and discuss genetic evidence that several trichothecene biosynthetic genes are organized in a gene cluster. Trichothecenes are highly toxic to a wide range of eukaryotes, but their specific function, if any, in the survival of the fungi that produce them is not obvious. Trichothecene gene disruption experiments indicate that production of trichothecenes can enhance the severity of disease caused by Fusarium species on some plant hosts. Understanding the regulation and function of trichothecene biosynthesis may aid in development of new strategies for controlling their production in food and feed products. JF - Microbiological reviews. Baltimore AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Res. Unit., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 595 EP - 604 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0146-0749, 0146-0749 KW - trichothecenes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - feeds KW - protein biosynthesis KW - Fusarium KW - inhibitors KW - genetics KW - food KW - biosynthesis KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16604721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+reviews.+Baltimore&rft.atitle=Trichothecene+biosynthesis+in+Fusarium+species%3A+Chemistry%2C+genetics%2C+and+significance.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+reviews.+Baltimore&rft.issn=01460749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; biosynthesis; genetics; protein biosynthesis; inhibitors; food; feeds; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel in agricultural soils of the United States of America. AN - 16604213; 3019000 AB - Three thousand forty-five surface soil samples from 307 different soil series were analyzed for Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, and pH in the course of a study of trace element uptake by major agricultural crops. The soil data from this study are summarized here statistically and in map form to show their interactions and generalized geographic distribution patterns. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Holmgren, GGS AU - Meyer, M W AU - Chaney, R L AU - Daniels, R B AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 335 EP - 348 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - zinc KW - copper KW - agriculture KW - lead KW - geology KW - USA KW - geography KW - nickel KW - cadmium KW - trace elements KW - pH KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16604213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Cadmium%2C+lead%2C+zinc%2C+copper%2C+and+nickel+in+agricultural+soils+of+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=Holmgren%2C+GGS%3BMeyer%2C+M+W%3BChaney%2C+R+L%3BDaniels%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Holmgren&rft.aufirst=GGS&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; agriculture; trace elements; geography; cadmium; lead; zinc; copper; nickel; pH; geology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest places of the heart AN - 16603382; 3667652 AB - The following research uses grounded theory and empirical data to explore the emotional attachments between recreation visitors and specific places in forests. A better understanding of such attachments is a positive and inevitable part of satisfying forest customers. The article then demonstrates that the USDA Forest Service's planning process and tools, as embodied in FORPLAN, are unable to incorporate emotions, preferences, or attitudes that are spatially dependent. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Mitchell, MY AU - Force, JE AU - Carroll AU - McLaughlin, W J AD - Wrangell Ranger Dist., Tongass Natl. Forest, USDA Forest Serv., Wrangell, AK, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 32 EP - 37 VL - 91 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - emotional behavior KW - recreation KW - environmental perception KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16603382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Forest+places+of+the+heart&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+MY%3BForce%2C+JE%3BCarroll%3BMcLaughlin%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forest management; environmental perception; emotional behavior; recreation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of ponderosa pine trees by Armillaria ostoyae : Residual inoculum versus contagion. AN - 16602958; 3050137 AB - Infection of ponderosa pine roots by Armillaria ostoyae was evaluated in 17 excavations of disease centers conducted 14 and 15 years after stand regeneration on ground previously treated to remove Armillaria inoculum. Residual inoculum was the recognizable source of infection for the first 28 trees to die in 15 of the 17 new root disease centers; the other 76 affected trees in these centers became infected by contagion from the initially attacked trees. Dead and dying trees were girdled at the root collar by host resin and Armillaria mycelium and had most of their roots infected. Armillaria -caused lesions occurred on roots of dead and dying trees and also on trees lacking above-ground disease symptoms. On symptomatic trees, the fungus was not occluded within root lesions and spread both distally and proximally from them. In contrast, the fungus was occluded within distinct lesions on roots of trees lacking above-ground symptoms. These results verify that initial infections by A. ostoyae on regenerated ponderosa pines results from residual, primary inoculum that significantly functions for about 12 years. As with disease development in natural stands, subsequent infections and fungal spread that generates recognizable disease centers results from contagion. This information will assist forest managers contemplating initiatial control measures and their determining if any subsequent treatments are needed. JF - Northwest Science AU - Reaves, J L AU - Shaw, CG III AU - Roth, L F AD - USDA For. Serv. Alabama A&M Univ., P. O. Box 1387, Normal, AL 35762, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 156 EP - 162 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - roots KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - inoculum KW - Armillaria ostoyae KW - disease control KW - longevity KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16602958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Infection+of+ponderosa+pine+trees+by+Armillaria+ostoyae+%3A+Residual+inoculum+versus+contagion.&rft.au=Reaves%2C+J+L%3BShaw%2C+CG+III%3BRoth%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Reaves&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Armillaria ostoyae; USA, Washington; roots; inoculum; longevity; disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protease expressed in Escherichia coli . AN - 16602300; 3051673 AB - We have constructed a clone encoding the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3C protease gene (p3C) using the polymerase chain reaction. The construct was engineered to contain initiation and termination codons and cloned into a plasmid under the control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter. The p3C gene was expressed both in an in vitro transcription-translation system and in vivo in an Escherichia coli system containing an inducible T7 RNA polymerase gene. In both systems the expressed products were of the appropriate molecular weight and immunologically reactive with bovine convalescent serum. E. coli -expressed 3C protein was mainly found in the insoluble fraction of cell lysates. The E. coli -expressed protease was assayed in an in vitro system with radiolabeled P1 capsid precursor protein and P2 precursor protein as substrates. E. coli -expressed 3C completely processed the P1 and P2 precursors into mature capsid and nonstructural proteins, respectively. The kinetics of processing of P1 by E. coli -expressed 3C revealed the following order of cleavage: VP3-VP1, VP0-VP3, VP1-2A. JF - Virology AU - Bablanian, G M AU - Grubman, MJ AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 320 EP - 327 VL - 197 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - protease KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - expression KW - clones KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - Escherichia coli KW - characterization KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22032:Viral proteins KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16602300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus+3C+protease+expressed+in+Escherichia+coli+.&rft.au=Bablanian%2C+G+M%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Bablanian&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=197&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clones; expression; characterization; polymerase chain reaction; foot-and-mouth disease virus; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of prey antigen half-life in Polistes metricus using a monoclonal antibody-based immunodot assay. AN - 16598098; 3009195 AB - In order to derive quantitative estimates of predation rate from serological gut analysis data, one must have an estimate of the interval during which a meal can be detected after feeding. In practice this has turned out to be "D sub(max)," defined as "...the time from finishing a meal until that meal could just no longer be detected in any individuals." However D sub(max) substitutes an absolute limit for what is really a continuous variable with significant variation. We examined this problem in a study of the detectability of Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fifth instar remains in the guts of Polistes metricus Say (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Wasps were maintained on Trichoplusia ni (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fifth instars before being fed a single H. zea fifth instar. They were killed and frozen at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h intervals, with those held for more than 24 h fed a single T. ni fifth instar at 24 h intervals in order to simulate continued feeding. Wasp abdomens were assayed by immunodot, using a monoclonal antibody to H. zea arylphorin. There was a logarithmic decay in the proportion of P. metricus positive over time, a single H. zea fifth instar meal having a detectability half-life of 19.4 h at field temperatures. If prey antigen detectability decays exponentially, then a detectability half-life is a more appropriate unit of detectability than an absolute detectability period. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Greenstone, M H AU - Hunt, J H AD - Biol. Control of Insects Res. Lab., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 7629, Columbia, MO 65203, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Vespidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - immunology KW - Noctuidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - predation KW - Polistes metricus KW - bioassays KW - prey KW - antigens KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16598098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Determination+of+prey+antigen+half-life+in+Polistes+metricus+using+a+monoclonal+antibody-based+immunodot+assay.&rft.au=Greenstone%2C+M+H%3BHunt%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Greenstone&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polistes metricus; Vespidae; Hymenoptera; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; antigens; prey; immunology; bioassays; predation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vernal seedling emergence model for common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album ). AN - 16597082; 3003361 AB - Knowledge of timing and extent of weed emergence before and immediately after crop seedbed preparation is needed to decrease need for preplant herbicides and increase efficacy of postemergence weed control in crops with either mechanical or chemical methods. Such knowledge is important for weeds that infest most crops over a wide area. For these reasons a mechanistic seedling emergence model based solely on soil temperature was developed for common lambsquarters. The model was validated using four sets of field data collected in 1988, 1990, and 1991 near Morris, MN. Agreement of predicted and observed emergence values across all site-years was 0.95 and the coefficient of determination (R super(2)) was 0.98 (P < 0.001). Agreement for individual site-years was 0.96, 1.08, 1.08, and 0.98 and associated R super(2) values were 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 (P < 0.001 for each site-year), indicating close agreement between predicted and actual emergence values. JF - Weed Science AU - Harvey, S J AU - Forcella, F AD - Res. Agron., USDA/ARS North Cent. Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 309 EP - 316 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - emergence KW - Chenopodium album KW - USA, Minnesota KW - seedlings KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16597082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Vernal+seedling+emergence+model+for+common+lambsquarters+%28Chenopodium+album+%29.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+S+J%3BForcella%2C+F&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chenopodium album; USA, Minnesota; seedlings; emergence; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling mepiquat chloride-temperature interactions in cotton: The model. AN - 16596143; 53328 AB - The plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride) is used to reduce vegetative growth in cotton. It is commonly used to control the side effects of optimization of inputs such as water and nitrogen. It has been shown that mepiquat chloride (MC) suppresses excessive plant growth by decreasing plant height, number of nodes, fruiting and vegetative branch lengths, and leaf area. A model was developed using data collected under controlled environmental conditions for a range of temperatures. Equations were developed to calculate the concentration of MC in the plant tissue on a daily basis after accounting for the dry-weight increments in plant tissue and abscission of plant parts. A set of stress factors was calculated to account for the reduction in growth of various cotton plant parts as a function of air temperature and tissue concentration of MC. The MC model was incorporated in a cotton simulation model, GOSSYM. The model simulations compared well with observed yields under a range of conditions. JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture AU - Reddy, V R AD - USDA Agricultural Service, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 227 EP - 236 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1699, 0168-1699 KW - Chlorine compounds KW - Computer simulation KW - Control systems KW - Cotton simulation model GOSSYM KW - Mepiquat chloride KW - Mepiquat chloride temperature interactions KW - Natural sciences computing KW - Plant growth regulator KW - Plants (botany) KW - Thermal effects KW - Vegetative growth KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Cotton KW - Organic compounds KW - Optimization KW - W4 731.2:CONTROL SYSTEM APPLICATIONS KW - W4 641.1:THERMODYNAMICS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16596143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Modeling+mepiquat+chloride-temperature+interactions+in+cotton%3A+The+model.&rft.au=Reddy%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=01681699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cotton; Mathematical models; Organic compounds; Optimization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of two smooth colony phenotypes in a Salmonella enteritidis isolate which vary in their ability to contaminate eggs. AN - 16594551; 3032971 AB - Salmonella enteritidis isolates were obtained from eggs after infection of Leghorn hens with a parent isolate (SE6) known to only infrequently contaminate eggs. Isolates from eggs exhibited two phenotypes that were subtly different. One phenotype was typically smooth, while the other was transiently rough. Both sets of isolates were phage type 13A and positive for D1 epitopes. Immunoblot analysis of entire colonies and gas chromatographic analysis of purified lipopolysaccharide revealed that the phenotypic difference between isolates was due to a quantitative difference in O antigen and possibly a qualitative difference in the lipid A core region. In addition, the two isolates had different opacity properties when examined at 600 nm. When the two isolates were used to inject egg-laying hens, a significant difference in the ability to contaminate eggs was detected. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Petter, J G AD - Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2884 EP - 2890 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lipopolysaccharide KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gas chromatography KW - eggs KW - detection KW - phenotypes KW - immunoblotting KW - contamination KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16594551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+two+smooth+colony+phenotypes+in+a+Salmonella+enteritidis+isolate+which+vary+in+their+ability+to+contaminate+eggs.&rft.au=Petter%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Petter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; phenotypes; detection; contamination; eggs; immunoblotting; gas chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological factors affecting attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to host odor or natural male pheromone in Idaho. AN - 16594006; 2990038 AB - Two generations of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), were studied to determine factors affecting their attraction to ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Lawson, odor and to male pheromone in an arena olfactometer. Beetles attracted to pine volatiles were significantly more desiccated, had air in their ventriculus, and were predominantly males. Beetles attracted to male pheromone in the presence of host volatiles were also significantly more desiccated and had air in their ventriculus, but differed in having visibly fewer fat bodies and being predominantly females. Factors not significantly related to host or pheromone response were beetle size, abundance of phoretic mites and parasitic nematodes, and ambient barometric pressure. This study indicates that certain physiological factors contribute to differences in response to host and male pheromone, theoretically enabling members of a population to exploit nearby as well as more distant susceptible hosts, which could enhance their immediate survival and, consequently, species diversity by outcrossing with other populations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Gast, S J AU - Stock, M W AU - Furniss, M M AD - USDA Forest Serv., 1201 Ironwood Dr., Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 417 EP - 422 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - host plants KW - attractancy KW - USA, Idaho KW - Ips pini KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16594006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Physiological+factors+affecting+attraction+of+Ips+pini+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+to+host+odor+or+natural+male+pheromone+in+Idaho.&rft.au=Gast%2C+S+J%3BStock%2C+M+W%3BFurniss%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ips pini; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; USA, Idaho; attractancy; sex pheromone; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetic characterization of a beta -glucosidase from a yeast, Candida wickerhamii . AN - 16593087; 2992535 AB - The extracytoplasmic, cell-bound beta -1,4-glucosidase of Candida wickerhamii was characterized kinetically. The enzyme was found to produce glucose from cellobiose and cellodextrins (degree of polymerization from three to six) by catalyzing the removal of the terminal glucose moiety from the nonreducing end of these beta -glucans. The K sub(m) values for the series, cellobiose through cellohexaose, were 210.7, 106.6, 106.3, 105.9, and 79.8 mM, respectively, whereas the k sub(cat) values were 14.79, 13.24, 13.78, 15.13, and 7.66 mu mol of glucose/min/mg of protein, respectively. A computer program was developed to estimate the integrated rate equation. When the above kinetic constants were used in the computer model, the predicted rates of glucose formation agreed well with the experimental data. Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which is unable to ferment cellobiose or cellodextrins, ferments glucose about twice as fast as C. wickerhamii . If S. cerevisiae is cultured on cellobiose or cellodextrins and, the purified C. wickerhamii beta -glucosidase is added to the S. cerevisiae culture at levels that mimic the production of beta -glucosidase by a C. wickerhamii culture with time, the two cultures produce ethanol at equivalent rates. This suggests that the rate-limiting step in the fermentation of cellobiose/cellodextrins by C. wickerhamii is the production of beta -glucosidase. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Freer, S N AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 9337 EP - 9342 VL - 268 IS - 13 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Candida wickerhamii KW - Michaelis-Menten parameters KW - beta -glucosidase KW - biodegradation KW - cellobiose KW - computer programmes KW - kinetics KW - mathematical models KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16593087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Kinetic+characterization+of+a+beta+-glucosidase+from+a+yeast%2C+Candida+wickerhamii+.&rft.au=Freer%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=9337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; Michaelis-Menten parameters; mathematical models; kinetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small plot evaluation of a sustained-release sand granule formulation of methoprene (SAN 810 I 1.3 GR) for control of Aedes taeniorhynchus . AN - 16592767; 3001273 AB - A sand granule formulation of methoprene (SAN 810 I 1.3 GR) was tested in outdoor intermittently flooded pools as a pre- and postflood treatment for the control of Aedes taeniorhynchus . In field test 1, pre- and postflood treatments were equally effective. Inhibition of emergence in mosquitoes exceeded 90% for one and 3 flood/dry cycles when SAN 810 I 1.3 GR was applied at rates of 2.8 and 5.6 kg/ha, respectively. In field test 2, > 90% inhibition of emergence was achieved only when SAN 810 I 1.3 GR was applied postflood at 5.6 kg/ha. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Kline, D L AD - USDA-ARS, Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, Gaineville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 155 EP - 157 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Aedes taeniorhynchus KW - efficacy KW - methoprene KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Entomology Abstracts KW - flooding KW - insecticides KW - Culicidae KW - emergence KW - chemical control KW - pest control KW - Diptera KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16592767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Small+plot+evaluation+of+a+sustained-release+sand+granule+formulation+of+methoprene+%28SAN+810+I+1.3+GR%29+for+control+of+Aedes+taeniorhynchus+.&rft.au=Kline%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flooding; insecticides; pest control; emergence; chemical control; efficacy; Culicidae; Diptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergence and growth of two non-nodulated soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in response to soil acidity. AN - 16592552; 3004622 AB - Toxic levels of extractable soil Al limit production of important crops in many areas of the world. The nature of the limitation in soybeans is not completely understood. Our objectives were to investigate the cause of acid-soil-induced delays in seedling emergence, the effect of acidity on productivity in non-nodulated soybeans and further test the Al tolerance of PI 416,937 compared to a sensitive control, Essex. Growth characteristics of the two genotypes through the flowering stage were measured on a Corozal clay (Aquic Tropudult) in Puerto Rico which had been differentially limed to provide a wide range of soil Al. Early growth was also studied in the laboratory using soil from the field experiment. Highly acidic soil conditions, coupled with high Al levels, reduced growth in both Essex and PI 416,937. The principal factor responsible for delayed emergence in the high Al soil was not delayed radicle initiation, but delayed initiation of hypocotyl elongation. Hypocotyl initiation was highly associated with rate of tap root growth, with the former possibly determined by the latter, because a minimum tap root length of 60 mm was required in both high and low Al soils before hypocotyl initiation commenced. In seedlings, the high acidity reduced root more than shoot growth. By 44 days after planting (DAP), however, soil acidity had reduced shoot growth greatly. Although the soybean plants were not nodulated, foliar N levels and shoot growth were decreased by high Al levels, indicating that interference with N fixation may not be the sole mechanism by which nitrogen accumulation and plant growth is reduced in the field. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Carter, TE Jr AD - ASWCRL, USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 867, Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 175 EP - 183 VL - 151 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - soil pH KW - emergence KW - acidity KW - Glycine max KW - growth KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16592552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Emergence+and+growth+of+two+non-nodulated+soybean+genotypes+%28Glycine+max+%28L.%29+Merr.%29+in+response+to+soil+acidity.&rft.au=Ritchey%2C+K+D%3BCarter%2C+TE+Jr&rft.aulast=Ritchey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; soil pH; acidity; emergence; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glycerol as a carbon source for lipase production by the fungus Rhizopus delemar . AN - 16591551; 3026828 AB - The ability of the fungus Rhizopus delemar to synthesize lipase (glycerol ester hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.3) when grown on glycerol as the prime carbon source was investigated. Glucose, glycerol and olive oil all supported fungal growth and lipase production. Maximum net and specific lipase activities obtained in glycerol were greater than those obtained in glucose and olive oil, and were reached earlier and maintained longer during growth. In glucose media, lipase activity did not appear until the glucose had been consumed. Differences in lipase activity between glycerol and glucose media were not due to pH-mediated lipase inactivation. In both glucose and glycerol media to appearance of lipolytic activity coincided with the appearance of lipase polypeptide. The data are consistent with the postulate that lipase synthesis is subject to catabolite repression by glucose. These studies identify a simple, single-phase medium for lipase production and establish the utility of glycerol for amplifying enzyme levels. JF - Food Biotechnology AU - Haas, MJ AU - Bailey, D G AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 49 EP - 73 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0890-5436, 0890-5436 KW - Rhizopus delemar KW - glycerol ester hydrolase KW - triacylglycerol lipase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - carbohydrate metabolism KW - catabolite repression KW - carbon sources KW - biosynthesis KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16591551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Glycerol+as+a+carbon+source+for+lipase+production+by+the+fungus+Rhizopus+delemar+.&rft.au=Haas%2C+MJ%3BBailey%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Biotechnology&rft.issn=08905436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - catabolite repression; carbohydrate metabolism; carbon sources; biosynthesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Universal amplification and analysis of pathogen 16S rDNA for classification and identification of mycoplasmalike organisms. AN - 16590776; 3029744 AB - Regions representing about 80% of the 16S rDNA sequences of 40 mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) strains from North America, Asia, and Europe were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a primer pair designed on the basis of an MLO 16S rRNA gene. This primer pair detected every MLO examined from infected periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus ) and some other plants. No PCR products were obtained in samples containing DNA extracted from healthy plants. The partial 16S rDNA sequences amplified from these various MLOs were compared through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Based on similarity coefficients derived from RFLP analyses, these 40 MLOs could be classified into nine distinct 16S ribosomal RNA (16Sr) groups and 14 subgroups, including five groups that coincide with MLO strain clusters previously delineated on the basis of dot hybridization analysis using randomly cloned chromosomal DNA probes. Type MLO strains designated for each group and subgroup were as follows: 16SrI-A, tomato big bud; 16SrI-B, Maryland aster yellows; 16SrI-C, clover phyllody; 16SrI-D, paulownia witches'-broom; 16SrI-E, blueberry stunt; 16SrII, peanut witches'-broom; 16SrIII-A, Canada peach X; 16SrIII-B, clover yellow edge; 16SrIV, palm lethal yellowing; 16SrV, elm yellows; 16SrVI, clover proliferation; 16SrVII, ash yellows; 16SrVIII, loofah witches'-broom; and 16SrIX, pigeon pea witches'-broom. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Hammond, R W AU - Davis, R E AU - Gundersen, DE AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 834 EP - 842 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - amplification KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - analysis KW - identification KW - classification KW - DNA KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16590776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Universal+amplification+and+analysis+of+pathogen+16S+rDNA+for+classification+and+identification+of+mycoplasmalike+organisms.&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BGundersen%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycoplasma-like organisms; classification; identification; DNA; analysis; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide use trends and issues in the United States AN - 16590135; 3639416 AB - This paper discusses major pesticide use trends in the United States, pesticide regulatory policy with a focus on balancing risks and benefits, and several current policy issues. Important topics include (1) the effects of such factors as pesticide productivity, farm programs, and pesticide regulations use; (2) the effects of increased pesticide use on productivity and pest losses; (3) the effects of changing attitudes toward pesticides on regulatory policy; and (4) a major shortcoming in the regulatory process for balancing risks and benefits. JF - CHAPMAN AND HALL, NEW YORK, NY (USA). pp. 307-336. 1993. AU - Osteen, C AD - Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Washington, DC 20250, USA A2 - Pimentel, D A2 - Lehman, H (eds) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 307 EP - 336 PB - CHAPMAN AND HALL, NEW YORK, NY (USA) KW - government policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - USA KW - risk assessment KW - pesticides KW - H SE5.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16590135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Osteen%2C+C&rft.aulast=Osteen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=0412035812&rft.btitle=Pesticide+use+trends+and+issues+in+the+United+States&rft.title=Pesticide+use+trends+and+issues+in+the+United+States&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; pesticides; reviews; government policies; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parthenogenicity and reproductive behavior of Coccipolipus epilachnae Smiley (Acari: Podapolipidae) on the Mexican bean beetle. AN - 16589371; 2983669 AB - Studies on the reproductive behavior and evidence of parthenogenicity are presented for Coccipolipus epilachnae Smiley (Acari: Podapolipidae), an ectoparasitic mite of the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachnae varivestis Mulsant. JF - International Journal of Acarology AU - Schroder, RFW AU - Stamp, N E AD - USDA, ARS, PSI, Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 197 EP - 198 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0164-7954, 0164-7954 KW - reproductive behaviour KW - Coccipolipus epilachnae KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Epilachna varivestis KW - host-parasite interactions KW - Podapolipidae KW - Coccinellidae KW - parthenogenesis KW - Acari KW - Y 25422:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16589371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Acarology&rft.atitle=Parthenogenicity+and+reproductive+behavior+of+Coccipolipus+epilachnae+Smiley+%28Acari%3A+Podapolipidae%29+on+the+Mexican+bean+beetle.&rft.au=Schroder%2C+RFW%3BStamp%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Schroder&rft.aufirst=RFW&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Acarology&rft.issn=01647954&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Podapolipidae; Acari; Epilachna varivestis; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; parthenogenesis; host-parasite interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus in wild rats in central Iowa AN - 16588537; 3642623 AB - Twenty-eight wild rats were live-trapped in central Iowa (USA) to estimate the prevalence of the cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus. Both light and electron microscopy were used to look for the Gram-negative, filamentous bacterium among cilia in tracheal and lung tissue sections. The organism was observed in the trachea of 20 rats with chronic respiratory disease and in the trachea of three of eight normal rats. Therefore, the organism appears to be common among wild rats in central Iowa. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Brogden, KA AU - Cutlip, R C AU - Lehmkuhl, H D AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 123 EP - 126 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - cilia-associated respiratory bacillus KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - bacteria KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16588537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Cilia-associated+respiratory+bacillus+in+wild+rats+in+central+Iowa&rft.au=Brogden%2C+KA%3BCutlip%2C+R+C%3BLehmkuhl%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Brogden&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Broiler carcass reprocessing, a further evaluation AN - 16587074; 3638297 AB - The microbiological quality of 745 conventionally processed and 745 reprocessed broiler carcasses was determined. Carcasses were taken from the processing line prior to entering the chiller in five commercial processing plants. Each plant was sampled twice during the winter, spring, and summer. Analyses included aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli counts plus qualitative Salmonella (SAL) prevalence. Differences between overall mean log sub(10) counts for aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli were not significant. The prevalence of SAL detected on conventionally processed and reprocessed carcasses also was not significantly different. Some variation was observed in microbiological quality of carcasses among processing plants. Although the SAL prevalence appeared to decline from winter to summer replications, no significant trend could be demonstrated. Continuation of the practice of reprocessing carcasses appears justified. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Blankenship, L C AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, NA AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Berrang, ME AU - Wilson, R L AU - Rose, MJ AU - Dua, S K AD - ARS-USDA, Russell Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 983 EP - 985 VL - 56 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - microbiological quality KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - bacteria KW - evaluation KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16587074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Broiler+carcass+reprocessing%2C+a+further+evaluation&rft.au=Blankenship%2C+L+C%3BBailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+NA%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBerrang%2C+ME%3BWilson%2C+R+L%3BRose%2C+MJ%3BDua%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Blankenship&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=983&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; evaluation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell wall composition of calcium-treated apples inoculated with Botrytis cinerea . AN - 16586360; 3011871 AB - The role of calcium in maintaining cell wall integrity was investigated in cortical tissue of apple fruit. Carbohydrate, phenolic, protein and mineral element composition were determined in cell walls of high- and low-calcium content fruit inoculated with Botrytis cinerea . Cell walls in fungal-infected tissue of low-calcium fruit showed a decrease in non-cellulosic polysaccharides containing galacturonosyl, rhamnosyl, arabinosyl, xylosyl and galactosyl moieties and increases in cellulose, wall-bound phenolics, protein and mineral elements. In infected tissue of high-calcium fruit, the compositional changes in the cell wall were generally smaller compared with those observed in the low-calcium treatment. The results of this investigation indicate that the effect of calcium in reducing decay is associated with maintaining cell wall structure by delaying and/or modifying chemical changes in cell wall composition. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Tobias, R B AU - Conway, W S AU - Sams, CE AU - Gross, K C AU - Whitaker, B D AD - USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Hortic. Crops Qual. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 35 EP - 39 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - calcium KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - cell walls KW - infection KW - composition KW - role KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Malus domestica KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16586360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Cell+wall+composition+of+calcium-treated+apples+inoculated+with+Botrytis+cinerea+.&rft.au=Tobias%2C+R+B%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BSams%2C+CE%3BGross%2C+K+C%3BWhitaker%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Tobias&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Botrytis cinerea; cell walls; composition; infection; role ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitions of cotton seedling growth by volatile ketones emitted by cover crop residues. AN - 16582526; 2984653 AB - Low-input, sustainable agriculture (LISA) systems can include soil incorporation of residues of weeds and legume cover crop species. However, both seed germination and seedling growth of crops, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ), are inhibited by volatile organic compounds emitted by these residues during decomposition. A cotton seedling-growth assay was used to demonstrate that C sub(4) through C sub(9) ketones released by decomposing legume residues significantly inhibited root and shoot elongation, root and shoot fresh and dry weight gain, and cotyledon expansion. Seedling root and shoot water relationships were relatively insensitive to those components of plant residue volatile emissions. Concentration (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mu M/cm super(3) sterile greenhouse soil mix) and root-zone temperature (20 or 30 degree C) altered the activity of the more inhibitory ketones. Molecular weight (carbon chain length), carbon chain branching, and position of the carbonyl group also influenced ketone inhibitory activity. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Bradow, J M AD - USDA, ARS, South. Reg. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1085 EP - 1108 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - ketones KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - inhibition KW - legumes KW - allelopathy KW - growth KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16582526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Inhibitions+of+cotton+seedling+growth+by+volatile+ketones+emitted+by+cover+crop+residues.&rft.au=Bradow%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Bradow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; allelopathy; growth; inhibition; legumes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adhesion of nongerminated Botrytis cinerea conidia to several substrata. AN - 16580455; 2989311 AB - Conidia of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea adhered to tomato cuticle and to certain other substrata immediately upon hydration. This immediate adhesion occurred with both living and nonliving conidia. Adhesion was not consistently influenced by several lectins, sugars, or salts or by protease treatment, but it was strongly inhibited by ionic or nonionic detergents. With glass and oxidized polyethylene, substrata whose surface hydrophobicities could be conveniently varied, there was a direct relationship between water contact angle and percent adhesion. Immediate adhesion did not involve specific conidial attachment structures, although the surfaces of attached conidia were altered by contact with a substratum. Freshly harvested conidia were very hydrophobic, with more than 97% partitioning into the organic layer when subjected to a phase distribution test. Percent adhesion of germinated conidia was larger than that of nongerminated conidia. Evidence suggests that immediate adhesion of conidia of B. cinerea depends, at least in part, on hydrophobic interactions between the conidia and substratum. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Doss, R P AU - Potter, S W AU - Chastagner, G A AU - Christian, J K AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, 03420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1786 EP - 1791 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - adherence KW - plant cells KW - conidia KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16580455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Adhesion+of+nongerminated+Botrytis+cinerea+conidia+to+several+substrata.&rft.au=Doss%2C+R+P%3BPotter%2C+S+W%3BChastagner%2C+G+A%3BChristian%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Doss&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1786&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; conidia; adherence; plant cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of Selenomonas ruminantium strains capable of 2-deoxyribose utilization. AN - 16580247; 2989355 AB - Microbes from ruminal contents of cattle were selectively enriched by using 2-deoxyribose (2DR) as a substrate for growth. Bacterial isolates growing on 2DR were gram-negative, curved, motile rods. The isolates grew on a broad range of substrates, including deoxyribose, glucose, ribose, mannitol, and lactate as well as ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides. The strains also grew on rhamnose (6-deoxymannose) but not DNA. Organic acids produced from growth on hexoses and pentoses included acetate, propionate, lactate, and succinate. The isolates were identified as Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica on the basis of morphology, substrate specificity, and other biochemical characteristics. Several characterized species of ruminal bacteria were also screened for growth on 2DR, with only one strain (S. ruminantium PC-18) found able to grow on 2DR. Ethanol was produced by 2DR when strains were grown on ribose or 2DR. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Rasmussen, MA AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2077 EP - 2081 VL - 59 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2-deoxyribose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - utilization KW - isolation KW - Selenomonas ruminantium KW - rumen KW - strains KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16580247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+Selenomonas+ruminantium+strains+capable+of+2-deoxyribose+utilization.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2077&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Selenomonas ruminantium; strains; utilization; rumen; isolation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in farm animals. AN - 16579270; 2991985 AB - Fimbrial vaccines are routinely given parenterally to pregnant cattle, sheep and swine to protect suckling newborn calves, lambs and pigs against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections. Such vaccines are practical and effective because (1) most fatal ETEC infections in farm animals occur in the early neonatal period when the antibody titres in colostrum and milk are highest; (2) more than 90% of the ETEC in farm animals belong to a small family of fimbrial antigen types; (3) fimbriae consist of good protein antigens on the bacterial surface where they are readily accessible to antibody; (4) fimbriae are required for a critical step (adhesion-colonization) early in the pathogenesis of the disease. ETEC infections continue to be a significant clinical problem in farm animals in spite of extensive use of fimbriae-based vaccines. Definitive data on the efficacy of the commercial vaccines in field use are not available. The prevailing perception among animal health professionals is that the vaccines are effective, that the problem occurs chiefly among non-vaccinated animals, and that in some herds vaccination moves peak prevalence of disease from the first to the second or third week after birth, when mortality is lower. It has been suggested that extensive use of vaccines will rapidly select for the emergence of novel or previously low prevalence fimbrial antigen types. There is no evidence that this has happened after a decade of routine vaccine use in the United States. However, there is no active direct surveillance for such emergence. In contrast to the rational development of vaccines to provide passive lacteal protection against ETEC in suckling neonates, comparatively little progress has been made in providing the knowledge required for development of vaccines to protect against postweaning ETEC infections in swine. JF - Vaccine AU - Moon, H W AU - Bunn, TO Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 213 EP - 220 VL - 11 IS - 2 KW - enterotoxogenic KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - livestock KW - gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Escherichia coli KW - pili KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - A 01099:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16579270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Vaccines+for+preventing+enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+infections+in+farm+animals.&rft.au=Moon%2C+H+W%3BBunn%2C+TO&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ligninolysis by a purified lignin peroxidase. AN - 16579209; 2988788 AB - The lignin peroxidases (LiPs) of white-rot basidiomycetes are generally thought to catalyze the oxidative cleavage of polymeric lignin in vivo. However, direct evidence for such a role has been lacking. In this investigation, super(14)C- and super(13)C-labeled synthetic lignins were oxidized with a purified isozyme of Phanerochaete chrysosporium LiP. Gel permeation chromatography of the radiolabeled polymers showed that LiP catalyzed their cleavage to give soluble lower-M sub(r) products. To a lesser extent, the enzyme also polymerized the lignins to give soluble higher-M sub(r) products. This result is attributable to the fact that purified LiP, unlike the intact fungus, provides no mechanism for the removal of lignin fragments that are susceptible to repolymerization. LiP catalysis also gave small quantities of insoluble, perhaps polymerized, lignin, but in lower yield than intact P. chrysosporium) does. super(13)C NMR experiments with super(13)C-labeled polymer showed that LiP cleaved it between C sub( alpha ) and C sub( beta ) of the propyl side chain to give benzylic aldehydes at C sub( alpha ), in agreement with the cleavage mechanism hypothesized earlier. The data show that LiP catalysis accounts adequately for the initial steps of ligninolysis by P. chrysosporium) in vivo. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Hammel, KE AU - Jensen, KA Jr AU - Mozuch, MD AU - Landucci, L L AU - Tien, Ming AU - Pease, E A AD - Forest Prod. Lab., USDA, Forest Serv., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 12274 EP - 12281 VL - 268 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - catalysis KW - lignin KW - lignin peroxidase KW - ligninolysis KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16579209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Ligninolysis+by+a+purified+lignin+peroxidase.&rft.au=Hammel%2C+KE%3BJensen%2C+KA+Jr%3BMozuch%2C+MD%3BLanducci%2C+L+L%3BTien%2C+Ming%3BPease%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Hammel&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=12274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - USDA Forest Service wetlands research AN - 16578749; 3665760 AB - The importance and value of wetlands far exceeds their extent. Of the 191 million acres for which the Forest Service has management responsibility, approximately 12 million acres have been identified as wetlands and riparian areas. In addition, the research arm of the Forest Service provides scientific knowledge for all the nation's forests, including forested wetlands. Wetland ecosystems provide critical avifauna habitat, both for breeding and for flyways. Wetland and riparian areas, especially in the western United States, provide habitat for numerous rare and endangered plants and animals and are an essential landscape element to maintain or enhance biological diversity. Wetland and riparian systems play a major role in flood control, water quality, and food chain support. Timber production, fisheries, and recreation vie economically as primary users of forested wetlands. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Bartuska, A M AD - Ecosys. Manage., USDA Forest Serv., Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 28 VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - ecosystem management KW - forestry KW - habitats KW - research priorities KW - resource management KW - riparian environments KW - riparian land KW - watershed management KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - flood control KW - river basins KW - USA KW - wetlands KW - land use KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=USDA+Forest+Service+wetlands+research&rft.au=Bartuska%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Bartuska&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - riparian environments; water quality; river basins; ecosystem management; wetlands; ecosystems; flood control; environmental protection; resource management; land use; forestry; riparian land; habitats; watershed management; research priorities; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and analysis of veterinary vaccine efficacy trials AN - 16578276; 3656340 AB - Vaccination-challenge tests that involve all-or-none responses and do not require a direct comparison between vaccinates and controls can be completely characterized by the binomial distribution. Consumer and producer risks associated with binomial distribution based tests can be adjusted by altering the number of animals involved and the criterion for acceptance. Clinical signs or other outcomes measured on an ordinal or ranking scale should generally be analyzed by nonparametric statistical procedures. Parametric statistical tests are the most appropriate for data measured on an interval scale if the necessary assumptions are met concerning the population sampled. The use of in vitro potency tests in quality control procedures for inactivated vaccines depends on the demonstration of a significant dose-response efficacy relationship in the host animal. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Tanner, JE AU - Morgan, A P AD - USDA, APHIS, BBEP, VB 6505 Belcrest Rd., Room 838, Federal Build., Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 221 EP - 230 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - veterinary medicine KW - risks KW - hosts KW - quality control KW - efficacy KW - mathematical models KW - vaccination KW - A 01096:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Design+and+analysis+of+veterinary+vaccine+efficacy+trials&rft.au=Tanner%2C+JE%3BMorgan%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - veterinary medicine; risks; quality control; hosts; mathematical models; efficacy; vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presumptive diagnostic differentiation of hog cholera virus from bovine viral diarrhea and border disease viruses by using a cDNA nested-amplification approach. AN - 16578009; 3011732 AB - Hog cholera virus (HCV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and border disease virus (BDV) are closely related pestiviruses. BVDV and BDV are found worldwide but seldom cause disease in swine. In contrast, HCV has been successfully eradicated from swine in several nations but poses a potentially devastating threat to them because of its great virulence. Rapid differential diagnosis of HCV from BVDV and BDV infections in swine is vital for detection of the possible reintroduction of HCV into national herds from which it has been eradicated. Nested polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for each of two pestiviral genomic segments are described. Amplification of the relatively conserved 5 degree genomic terminus identified 59 of 61 HCV, BVDV, and BDV isolates generically as pestiviruses. Nested amplification of the second region was designed to differentiate HCV from BVDV and BDV by exploiting relatively conserved differences in the nucleotide sequences that encode the major envelope glycoprotein. This second PCR correctly identified 36 of 36 diverse HCV isolates while failing to recognize any of 25 BVDV and BDV isolates. Multiple restriction fragment length analyses confirmed the identities of both external and nested PCR products. The two sets of PCRs may help confirm the generic identity of most pestiviruses and may permit presumptive differential diagnosis of HCV from BVDV and BDV. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Katz, J B AU - Ridpath, J F AU - Bolin AD - Diagn. Virol. Lab., Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., Vet. Serv., Anim. and Plant Health Insp. Serv., USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 565 EP - 568 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - bovine diarrhea-mucosal disease virus KW - nested amplification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - differentiation KW - diagnosis KW - hog cholera virus KW - border disease virus KW - W2 32410:Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosis KW - N 14540:Structure, sequence & physical properties KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Presumptive+diagnostic+differentiation+of+hog+cholera+virus+from+bovine+viral+diarrhea+and+border+disease+viruses+by+using+a+cDNA+nested-amplification+approach.&rft.au=Katz%2C+J+B%3BRidpath%2C+J+F%3BBolin&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - differentiation; diagnosis; hog cholera virus; border disease virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new genus and two new species of neotropical Rhizophagidae (Coleoptera) from Trigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae) nests, with a review of rhizophagid biology AN - 16577976; 3661825 AB - A new genus of neotropical Rhizophagidae, Crowsonius, contains two new species, Crowsonius meliponae and C. similis, known from Costa Rica and Brazil respectively. Both species have been collected from Trigona nests. These beetles are wingless with extremely reduced eyes suggesting they are true melittophiles rather than accidental associates. The genus and its species are described and useful taxonomic structures are illustrated. A review of the biology of Rhizophagidae is included. JF - Coleopterists Bulletin AU - Pakaluk, J AU - Slipinski, SA AD - Syst. Entomol. Lab., USDA, c/o Natl. Mus. Nat. Hist., Smithsonian Inst.-NHB 168, Washington, DC 20560, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 349 EP - 358 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0010-065X, 0010-065X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - new species KW - Coleoptera KW - life history KW - nests KW - Rhizophagidae KW - Trigona KW - new genera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05118:Coleoptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16577976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+new+genus+and+two+new+species+of+neotropical+Rhizophagidae+%28Coleoptera%29+from+Trigona+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+nests%2C+with+a+review+of+rhizophagid+biology&rft.au=Pakaluk%2C+J%3BSlipinski%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Pakaluk&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.issn=0010065X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizophagidae; Coleoptera; Trigona; Hymenoptera; Apidae; new genera; new species; nests; life history ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forested wetland area and distribution: A detailed look at the South AN - 16577919; 3661775 AB - Debate over the classification, protection, and management of forested wetlands has intensified in recent years. Federal agencies have classified US wetlands in various manners, leading to frequent protests by groups favoring more or less stringent criteria. In addition, wetland issues have faced an evolving scope of federal water pollution laws applying to wetland regulation; a unified federal wetland delineation manual whose implementation was opposed by the executive branch and some members of Congress; and introduction of bills to redefine wetlands. Despite continuing debate, there is still no single definition of wetlands, and very little information is available on their actual area and distribution in the United States, especially forested wetlands. In fact, published estimates of forest wetland acreage have varied widely, increasing confusion about the implications of permit requirements of management restrictions. More reliable data on forested wetland extent and trends can clarify our knowledge and contribute to future discussions. Accordingly, this article summarizes the latest data on the acreage and regional distribution of forested wetlands in the United States. Since almost two-thirds are in the South, it also examines the distribution of forest wetland types among southern subregions. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Cubbage, F W AU - Flather, CH AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 35 EP - 39 VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - classification systems KW - ecosystem management KW - environment management KW - federal jurisdiction KW - forestry KW - geographical distribution KW - regulations KW - watershed management KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - protection KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Southeast KW - distribution KW - environmental protection KW - wetlands KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16577919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Forested+wetland+area+and+distribution%3A+A+detailed+look+at+the+South&rft.au=Cubbage%2C+F+W%3BFlather%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Cubbage&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - protection; ecosystem management; wetlands; geographical distribution; environment management; classification systems; environmental protection; distribution; regulations; watershed management; federal jurisdiction; forestry; USA, Southeast; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental profile of Drunella grandis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) in the western United States. AN - 16577900; 3011334 AB - In 898 stream stations in 11 western states, Drunella grandis Eaton exhibited broad physical habitat niche dimensions but moderate to narrow water quality niche dimensions. Nymphs were found over a wide range of channel gradients and substrate types, with tolerance to fine substrates as long as there were some rocky substrates. Occurrence was mostly random in relation to riparian vegetation. Nymphs were found in waters with a wide range of alkalinities, but frequency was low when alkalinity exceeded 250 mg/l. Drunella grandis commonly inhabited streams with conductivity over 400 mu mhos/cm but was rarely found when it exceeded 800 mu mhos/cm. Nymphs were found in higher than expected frequencies when sulfates were less than 50 mg/l, lower than expected when sulfates are 75-250 mg/l, and were not found in waters with sulfates over 250 mg/l. Distribution was near random over all states sampled with occurrence higher than expected at elevations between 6,000 and 8,000 feet. JF - Journal of freshwater ecology. La Crosse, WI AU - Mangum, F A AU - Winget, R N AD - Intermountain Reg., USDA, For. Serv., Federal Build. 324-25th St., Ogden, UT 84401, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 133 EP - 140 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - substrate preferences KW - water quality KW - Ephemerellidae KW - USA, West KW - physicochemical properties KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - Ephemeroptera KW - ecological distribution KW - Drunella grandis KW - habitat selection KW - niches KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16577900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.atitle=Environmental+profile+of+Drunella+grandis+Eaton+%28Ephemeroptera%3A+Ephemerellidae%29+in+the+western+United+States.&rft.au=Mangum%2C+F+A%3BWinget%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Mangum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - substrate preferences; water quality; ecological distribution; physicochemical properties; habitat selection; niches; Ephemerellidae; Ephemeroptera; Drunella grandis; USA; USA, West; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congruent evolution between whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and their bacterial endosymbionts based on respective 18S and 16S rDNAs. AN - 16576847; 2988570 AB - Whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae) possess heritable eubacterial endosymbionts sustained in specialized organ-like structures called mycetomes. Comparisons of distances between the ash whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae , and two biotypes ("A" and "B") of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci , based on sequence analysis of genes for 18S rRNAs (rDNAs), were equivalent to the distances represented by the 16S rDNAs of their respective endosymbionts. This finding indicates that evolutionary divergence in whitefly hosts and their endosymbionts is congruent. The nucleotide sequences of the 18S rDNAs and endosymbiont 16S rDNAs indicate the two biotypes of B. tabaci are the same species. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Campbell, B C AD - Western Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 129 EP - 132 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Siphoninus phillyreae KW - rRNA 16S KW - rRNA 18S KW - Entomology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aleyrodidae KW - genes KW - endosymbionts KW - evolution KW - Proteobacteria KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - Z 05220:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16576847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Congruent+evolution+between+whiteflies+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+and+their+bacterial+endosymbionts+based+on+respective+18S+and+16S+rDNAs.&rft.au=Campbell%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Proteobacteria; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; endosymbionts; evolution; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of stream acidity on decomposition of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and red oak (Quercus rubra) leaves AN - 16576704; 3664890 AB - The wide range in acidity levels in forest streams (e g., due to differences in acid mine drainage or acidic deposition loads) may directly or indirectly affect leaf decomposition. A cytological study was undertaken to examine structural changes over time in leaves exposed to streams of different pH levels. Sugar maple and red oak leaves were collected at leaf fall, stored dry over the winter, cut into l-inch super(2) sections in the spring, and placed in mesh bags in one of two streams (pH 5.6 or 3.2). After 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, leaf squares were removed from each stream and prepared for light and electron microscopy. After seven days, alterations in cuticular wax structure were seen in both species at pH 3.2 but not at pH 5.2. After 28 days, sugar maple leaves not seen in red oak at pH 5.6 or in either species at pH 3.2. Dense phenolic-like compounds were seen in mesophyll cells of red oak but not sugar maple leaves at each harvest date. Overall, leaf decomposition was more rapid in both species at pH 5.6, probably due to increased numbers or types of aquatic microorganisms found at this pH. Acidity level appeared to have a direct effect on cuticular wax structure. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - McQuattie, C J AU - Stephenson, S L AU - Edwards, P J AD - USDA For. Serv., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 48 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - acid mine drainage KW - acidic water KW - allochthonous deposits KW - decomposition KW - hydrogen ion concentration KW - mine tailings KW - pH effects KW - sample preparation KW - streams KW - trees KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - Freshwater KW - leaves KW - acid rain KW - drainage water KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16576704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+stream+acidity+on+decomposition+of+sugar+maple+%28Acer+saccharum%29+and+red+oak+%28Quercus+rubra%29+leaves&rft.au=McQuattie%2C+C+J%3BStephenson%2C+S+L%3BEdwards%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=McQuattie&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.issn=00300950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; allochthonous deposits; drainage water; mine tailings; leaves; pH effects; acid rain; sample preparation; acidic water; acid mine drainage; decomposition; hydrogen ion concentration; trees; streams; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting ozone and demonstrating its phytotoxicity in forested areas of Poland: A pilot study. AN - 16575606; 3008332 AB - Ambient concentrations of ozone (O sub(3)) were measured and O sub(3) phytotoxicity to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) L.) was demonstrated in several forest locations in Poland during a pilot study from July-October, 1991. At southern and central locations in Poland, the 24-hour average O sub(3) concentrations measured with a UV absorption photometer were in the range of 32-55 ppb, and the corresponding 1-hour maxima in the range of 39-83 ppb. At these locations longer period (four to fifteen days) average concentrations were determined using O sub(3) passive samplers (DGA, Inc.) and were reaching 60 ppb, while at Bialowieza in eastern Poland O sub(3) concentrations averaged less than 40 ppb. In Szarow, near the Niepolomice Forest in southern Poland, 1-hour O sub(3) maxima estimated from the data obtained using passive samplers were about 105 ppb in early September. At several locations in southern and central Poland, extensive O sub(3) injury was determined on O sub(3)-sensitive Bel W-3 tobacco plants; such injury did not occur in the Bialowieza Forest of eastern Poland. The results of this pilot study indicate that O sub(3) is present at phytotoxic levels in southern and central Poland. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Manning, W J AU - Grosjean, D AU - Chmielewski, W AU - Dmuchowski, W AU - Grodzinska, K AU - Godzik, B AD - Pacific Southwest Res. Sta., USDA For. Serv., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 301 EP - 305 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - ozone KW - bioindicators KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - pollution monitoring KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - phytotoxicity KW - Poland KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16575606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Detecting+ozone+and+demonstrating+its+phytotoxicity+in+forested+areas+of+Poland%3A+A+pilot+study.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BManning%2C+W+J%3BGrosjean%2C+D%3BChmielewski%2C+W%3BDmuchowski%2C+W%3BGrodzinska%2C+K%3BGodzik%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nicotiana tabacum; Poland; ozone; phytotoxicity; forests; bioindicators; pollution monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in oesophagealpharyngeal samples by a polymerase chain reaction technique. AN - 16575335; 2986364 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect the presence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in oesophageal-pharyngeal(OP) samples from experimentally infected steers. Ten-fold dilutions of OP samples were also diluted, inoculated onto lamb kidney cell cultures, and incubated overnight. The cultures that did not show overt cytopathogenic effects (CPE) of FMDV infection were frozen and thawed; both the fluid and the cell pellet were tested by the PCR technique. The PCR detected FMDV in the fluids of 57% of the cell cultures inoculated with 2-20 tissue culture infective doses-50% (TCID sub(50)) and of 33% of cell cultures inoculated with the 0.4-2 TCID sub(50). The PCR detected FMDV in cell pellets of all cell cultures inoculated with 20 TCID sub(50), of 71% of cell cultures inoculated with 2-20 TCID sub(50) and of 50% of cell cultures inoculated with 0.2-2 TCID sub(50). A diagnostic scheme using PCR and cell culture that would provide rapid and sensitive detection of FMDV in OP samples is proposed. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - House, C AU - Meyer, R F AD - USDA, VS, APHIS, NVSL, FADDL, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - detection KW - clinical isolates KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16575335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=The+detection+of+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus+in+oesophagealpharyngeal+samples+by+a+polymerase+chain+reaction+technique.&rft.au=House%2C+C%3BMeyer%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - foot-and-mouth disease virus; polymerase chain reaction; detection; clinical isolates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics, spread, and persistence of a single genotype of Pseudomonas syringae relative to those of its conspecifics on populations of snap bean leaflets. AN - 16573949; 3012773 AB - A rifampin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas syringae (R10) was introduced onto bean plants grown in field plots to examine the processes of growth, spread, and survival of a single genotype relative to the dynamics of its conspecifics on populations of individual leaflets. The results demonstrate that the successful spread and persistence of an introduced bacterium do not necessarily lead to the establishment of large populations of the bacterium in adjacent untreated areas or on its host plant in subsequent growing seasons. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hirano, S S AU - Upper, C D AD - Dep. Plant Pathol. and ARS/USDA Plant Dis. Resist. Res. Unit, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1082 EP - 1091 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rifampin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - dynamics KW - temporal variations KW - ecological evaluation KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - foliar applications KW - comparison KW - spreading KW - crop fields KW - resistant mutant KW - genotypes KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - conspecifics KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16573949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Dynamics%2C+spread%2C+and+persistence+of+a+single+genotype+of+Pseudomonas+syringae+relative+to+those+of+its+conspecifics+on+populations+of+snap+bean+leaflets.&rft.au=Hirano%2C+S+S%3BUpper%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Hirano&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1082&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas syringae; Phaseolus vulgaris; foliar applications; genotypes; resistant mutant; ecological evaluation; dynamics; spreading; temporal variations; conspecifics; comparison; crop fields ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat use and management of pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. AN - 16572990; 3004633 AB - We determined home range size and habitats used by pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus ) to provide essential information for proper management of the species in northeastern Oregon. Twenty-three pileated woodpeckers fitted with transmitters were followed for 5-10 months (Jun-Mar) during 1989-90. Mated pairs (n = 7) ranged over smaller areas (x super(-) = 407 ha) than birds (x super(-) = 597 ha) whose mates had died (n = 9). Habitat use within home ranges was not random. Stands with old growth, grand fir (Abies grandis ), no logging, and greater than or equal to 60% canopy closure were used more (P < 0.01) than expected, and all other types of stands were used less than expected. From June until March, 38% of the observations of foraging were on downed logs, 38% on dead trees, 18% on live trees, and 6% on stumps. We recommend that management for pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon include increasing density of snags of nesting and foraging, increasing density of downed logs in foraging areas, and increasing management areas from the existing 121 ha to 364 ha of forest. Within these areas, we recommend that 75% ben in grand fir forest type; 25% be old growth; and the remainder be mature stands; at least 50% have greater than or equal to 60% canopy closure; and at least 40% be unlogged with the remainder in mature stands. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Bull, EL AU - Holthausen, R S AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 335 EP - 345 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - Dryocopus pileatus KW - habitat utilization KW - USA, Oregon KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16572990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Habitat+use+and+management+of+pileated+woodpeckers+in+northeastern+Oregon.&rft.au=Bull%2C+EL%3BHolthausen%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dryocopus pileatus; USA, Oregon; habitat utilization; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Whole body exposures to a phosphoric acids aerosol: I. Spontaneous activity effects in wild rodent and avian species. AN - 16571096; 2985369 AB - Two inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute (2-h out-of-chamber) and subacute ( less than or equal to 6 d postexposure) spontaneous activity effects of whole-body phosphoric acids aerosol exposure(s) in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus ) and rock doves (Columba livia ). Mortality was negligible; no prairie dogs died, but 1 male rock dove died on d 3 postexposure to two 4.0 mg/L target concentrations of RP/BR aerosol. Group x session interactions were significant for the acute activity counts of both species. The acute mean ambulatory (e.g., walking) counts of prairie dogs and the acute mean ambulatory and horizontal (e.g., preening) counts of rock doves exposed to 4.0 mg/L RP/BR aerosol were relatively less than those of the other groups after the first 2 or 1 exposures, respectively. Nevertheless, acute session means for all groups approximated or exceeded the 23 h/d activity measured during the pre- and postexposure phases-data indicating that chamber confinement caused a temporary, sharp increase in activity for both species irrespective of RP/BR aerosol concentrations. No RP/BR concentration-related, subacute shifts in the activity of the rodents/birds were observed. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Sterner, R T AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Bldg. 16, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0266, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 287 EP - 308 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - phosphoric acids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - acute toxicity KW - acids KW - aerosols KW - Cynomys ludovicianus KW - Columba livia KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Whole+body+exposures+to+a+phosphoric+acids+aerosol%3A+I.+Spontaneous+activity+effects+in+wild+rodent+and+avian+species.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cynomys ludovicianus; Columba livia; acids; aerosols; acute toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Living maize embryo influences accumulation of aflatoxin in maize kernels AN - 16569351; 3638300 AB - Kernels from two maize populations, MAS:gk and MAS:pw,nf, showed significant postharvest resistance to aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus but showed no significant inter-population variation for this resistance. Growth of A. flavus on both populations was significantly less than on susceptible control lines. Kernels from the resistant populations retained resistance when wounded through the pericarp prior to inoculation with A. flavus, despite the fact that the exposed endosperm supported good fungal growth. Kernels from these populations also retained resistance when they were acetone washed before inoculation. Resistance to aflatoxin contamination was lost in kernels that were autoclaved, crushed, or embryo wounded. All assays were incubated under conditions favorable to kernel germination. Results suggest that postharvest resistance to aflatoxin contamination in these two populations is related to metabolic activities of the living corn embryo. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Brown, R L AU - Cotty, P J AU - Cleveland, TE AU - Widstrom, N W AD - South. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 967 EP - 971 VL - 56 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - kernals KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Zea mays KW - aflatoxins KW - accumulation KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16569351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Living+maize+embryo+influences+accumulation+of+aflatoxin+in+maize+kernels&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+L%3BCotty%2C+P+J%3BCleveland%2C+TE%3BWidstrom%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=967&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; aflatoxins; accumulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roles of Nasonov and queen pheromones in attraction of honeybee swarms AN - 16567224; 3635354 JF - Naturwissenschaften AU - Schmidt, JO AU - Slessor, K N AU - Winston, M L AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 573 EP - 575 VL - 80 IS - 12 SN - 0028-1042, 0028-1042 KW - Nasonov pheromone KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - queen pheromone KW - attractancy KW - swarming behavior KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18054:Others KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naturwissenschaften&rft.atitle=Roles+of+Nasonov+and+queen+pheromones+in+attraction+of+honeybee+swarms&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+JO%3BSlessor%2C+K+N%3BWinston%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Naturwissenschaften&rft.issn=00281042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; attractancy; swarming behavior; queen pheromone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of plasmid and chromosomal copies of 987P pilus genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 987. AN - 16548165; 2978037 AB - A DNA probe derived from the subunit gene of a cloned 987P determinant was used to characterize the locations of the 987P genes in several Escherichia coli strains. We examined E. coli 987, a nonpiliated mutant of strain 987 (I36) that does not express 987P in vitro, and a variant of I36 that expressed 987P following growth in vivo. We found that plasmid and chromosomal copies of the 987P subunit gene could be differentiated in strain 987 by restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern blot hybridization. The nonpiliated mutant I36 had lost the plasmid copy but retained the chromosomal copy of the 987P gene. A 987P-piliated variant of I36, which did not contain the 987P plasmid, colonized and caused diarrhea in neonatal pigs similarly to wild-type 987. The plasmid that hybridized with the 987P probe was transferred from strain 987 to an E. coli K-12 strain by conjugation. We were unable to demonstrate expression of 987P by these transconjugants. The data suggest that the chromosomal and plasmid copies of the 987P genes may interact to influence 987P expression. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Casey, T A AU - Schneider, R A AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2249 EP - 2252 VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - genes KW - chromosomes KW - Escherichia coli KW - plasmids KW - gene expression KW - pili KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16548165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Identification+of+plasmid+and+chromosomal+copies+of+987P+pilus+genes+in+enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+987.&rft.au=Casey%2C+T+A%3BSchneider%2C+R+A%3BDean-Nystrom%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; genes; pili; plasmids; chromosomes; gene expression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of the extracellular alpha -amylase from Streptococcus bovis JB1. AN - 16543201; 2971817 AB - The extracellular alpha -amylase (1,4- alpha -D-glucanglucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.1) from maltose-grown Streptococcus bovis JB1 was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography (Mono Q). The enzyme had an isoelectric point of 4.50 and an apparent molecular mass of 77,000 Da, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was rich in acidic and hydrophobic amino acids. The 15-amino-acid NH sub(2)-terminal sequence was 40% homologous with the Bacillus subtilis saccharifying alpha -amylase and 27% homologous with the Clostridium acetobutylicum) alpha -amylase. alpha -Amylase activity on soluble starch was optimal at pH 5.0 to 6.0. The enzyme was relatively stable between pH 5.5 and 8.5 and at temperatures below 50 degree C. When soluble potato starch was used as the substrate, the enzyme had a K sub(m) of 0.88 mg/ml and a k sub(cat) of 2,510 mu mol of reducing sugar/min/mg of protein. The enzyme exhibited neither pullulanase nor dextranase activity and was 40 to 70% as active on amylopectin as on amylose. The major end products of amylose hydrolysis were maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Freer, S N AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS/USDA, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1398 EP - 1402 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - alpha -amylase KW - characterization KW - extracellular enzymes KW - purification KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+the+extracellular+alpha+-amylase+from+Streptococcus+bovis+JB1.&rft.au=Freer%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - characterization; purification; extracellular enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of triadimenol seed treatment and timing of foliar fungicide applications on onset and extent of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics. AN - 16541266; 2970925 AB - Powdery mildew and leaf rust occur yearly in wheat-growing areas of the southeastern United States. However, the time of onset and peak severity differ between diseases, and consequently, wheat plants are subject to disease stress throughout a long period of the growing season. Three cultivars of winter wheat varying in their level of disease resistance and either seed treated with triadimenol or untreated were planted at Kinston and Plymouth, NC, during the fall of 1989 and 1990. Plots received foliar fungicide applications at different times during the two growing seasons to determine how cultivar, seed treatment, and time of foliar fungicide application affected development and severity of powdery mildew and leaf rust, yield components and yield. The extent of mildew and leaf rust and their impact on yield components and yield varied between environments. At Kinston, where both powdery mildew and leaf rust were severe during 1989-1990 and 1990-1991, mildew positively influenced tiller number, and rust influenced 500-kernel weight and number of seeds per head. Powdery mildew was present only at low levels at Plymouth; leaf rust reduced 500-kernel weight and yield. Seed treatment reduced the extent of powdery mildew in all environments and reduced leaf rust at Kinston during 1989-1990 and at Plymouth during 1990-1991. When seed was treated with triadimenol, the optimum time of foliar fungicide application for maximum yield response was delayed in six of nine cultivar X environment combinations. JF - Phytopathology AU - Everts, K L AU - Leath, S AD - USDA, ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., NC State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 557 EP - 562 VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - triadimenol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Puccinia recondita KW - Blumeria graminis KW - leaf rust KW - fungicides KW - Triticum aestivum KW - seed treatments KW - powdery mildew KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+triadimenol+seed+treatment+and+timing+of+foliar+fungicide+applications+on+onset+and+extent+of+powdery+mildew+and+leaf+rust+epidemics.&rft.au=Everts%2C+K+L%3BLeath%2C+S&rft.aulast=Everts&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Blumeria graminis; Puccinia recondita; seed treatments; fungicides; leaf rust; powdery mildew ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of hydroxycinnamoylated methyl alpha -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 arrow right 2)- and (1 arrow right 3)- beta -D-xylopyranosides. AN - 16541225; 47321 AB - A reaction sequence for the preparation of methyl 5-O-feruloyl- alpha -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 arrow right 3)- beta -D-xylopyranoside, the companion 5-O-p-coumaroly disaccharide, and their (1 arrow right 2) analogs has been developed. The (1 arrow right 3) hydroxycinnamoylated disaccharides are available in 11 steps from L-arabinose and methyl beta -D-xylopyranoside in 17% overall yield (based on methyl beta -D-xylopyranoside). The corresponding (1 arrow right 2) materials were prepared in 9 steps in > 37% overall yield. Complete spectral characterization provides unambiguous assignments for comparison with analogous materials isolated from plant cell-walls. Conformational aspects of the prepared materials are discussed in relation to coupling-constant information. JF - Carbohydrate Research AU - Helm, Richard F AU - Ralph, John AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 23 EP - 38 VL - 240 SN - 0008-6215, 0008-6215 KW - Cell wall degradation KW - Forage grasses KW - Hydroxycinnamoylated methyl L arabinofuranosyl KW - L arabinose KW - Methyl D xylopyranoside KW - Molecular structure KW - Plant cell culture KW - Ruminants KW - Spectroscopic analysis KW - Synthesis (chemical) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Esterification KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461:BIOENGINEERING KW - W4 801:CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carbohydrate+Research&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+spectroscopic+characterization+of+hydroxycinnamoylated+methyl+alpha+-L-arabinofuranosyl-%281+arrow+right+2%29-+and+%281+arrow+right+3%29-+beta+-D-xylopyranosides.&rft.au=Helm%2C+Richard+F%3BRalph%2C+John&rft.aulast=Helm&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=240&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carbohydrate+Research&rft.issn=00086215&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Esterification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of urease from Aspergillus niger . AN - 16541093; 2974871 AB - Urease was purified (4126-fold) from Aspergillus niger (NRRL 003) to a homologous enzyme preparation with a specific activity of 1341 mu mol/min/(mg protein). One species of urease was detected in A. niger , with K sub(m) = 3.0 mM, native molecular mass 250 000 Da, pH optimum of 8.0 and a high specificity for urea. Hydroxyurea was a strong competitive inhibitor of urease activity, while N-methylurea acted as a weak uncompetitive inhibitor, based on Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee plots. The activity of urease was enhanced by, but not dependent on, the presence of Na sub(2)EDTA, DL-dithiothreitol ( less than or equal to 0.1 to 5.0 mM), Ca super(2+), Ba super(2+) and citrate (2 to 20 mM). Urease activity was not affected by Na super(+), K super(+), Cl super(-), Br super(-), acetate or nitrate (2 to 20 mM), but was significantly decreased in the presence of Li super(+), Ni super(2+), Mg super(2+), Zn super(2+) or I super(-). Urease activity decreased 26.0% after 30 min at 65 degree C, and 86.5% and 100.0% after 5 and 1 min at 80 and 100 degree C, respectively. Urease activity decreased 30.5% after 90 d at 4 degree C and 21.0% after 28 d at -20 or -80 degree C. JF - Microbiology AU - Smith, P T AU - King, AD AU - Goodman, N AD - USDA, Western Reg. Res. Cent., Process Biotechnol. Res. Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 957 EP - 962 VL - 139 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1287, 0022-1287 KW - urease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - characterization KW - purification KW - Aspergillus niger KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+urease+from+Aspergillus+niger+.&rft.au=Smith%2C+P+T%3BKing%2C+AD%3BGoodman%2C+N&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00221287&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; purification; characterization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cold tolerance of the southern green stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). AN - 16541047; 2972403 AB - Diapausing and nondiapausing adults of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), had supercooling points in the range from -10.4 to -11.7 degree C. Lethal exposure times of adult stink bug are given for -5.0, -7.5, and -10.0 degree C. No difference in cold tolerance was found between diapausing and nondiapausing stink bugs. Overwintering survival of confined adults at Charleston, SC, was high or 0 depending on severity of low temperatures. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Elsey, K D AD - US Lab., USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Highw., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 567 EP - 570 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - supercooling KW - Pentatomidae KW - Hemiptera KW - Nezara viridula KW - cold tolerance KW - USA, South Carolina KW - overwintering KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05177:Water, temperature & ionic regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Cold+tolerance+of+the+southern+green+stink+bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29.&rft.au=Elsey%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Elsey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nezara viridula; Pentatomidae; Hemiptera; USA, South Carolina; cold tolerance; supercooling; overwintering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethylene production by root nodules and effect of ethylene on nodulation in Glycine max . AN - 16539539; 2976304 AB - Nodulated soybean roots produced more ethylene and contained more 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid than uninoculated roots. Nodules produced more ethylene and contained more 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid per gram of material than roots. Almost all of the ethylene produced by the nodules was produced by the plant fractions of the nodules. Ethylene, at physiological concentrations, did not inhibit nodulation in soybeans. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hunter, W J AD - Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 1701 Cent. Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1947 EP - 1950 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - ethylene KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nodulation KW - production KW - Glycine max KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Ethylene+production+by+root+nodules+and+effect+of+ethylene+on+nodulation+in+Glycine+max+.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; nodulation; production ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ant behavior and microbial pathogens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). AN - 16539473; 2966131 AB - The effectiveness of microbial controls for pest ants can be reduced by ant behaviors. Introductions of pathogens, including nematodes, into ant result in behavioral responses by ants that affect infection rates to ants exposed to inocula, affect the dissemination of inocula among nestmates, and affect the dispersal of inocula outside the nest. These behaviors include grooming, secretion of antibiotics, nest hygiene, avoidance, and dispersal. Ant behaviors must be considered in developing microbial control agents. Approaches to overcoming the behavioral responses of the red imported fire ant to entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin are discussed. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Oi, D H AU - Pereira, R M Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 63 EP - 74 VL - 76 IS - 1 KW - behaviour KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - pests KW - Hymenoptera KW - biological control KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - microorganisms KW - Formicidae KW - pathogens KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Ant+behavior+and+microbial+pathogens+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29.&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BPereira%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brochocin-C, a new bacteriocin produced by Brochothrix campestris . AN - 16537513; 2976328 AB - Brochothrix campestris ATCC 43754 produces a bacteriocin inhibitory towards Brochothrix thermosphacta , lactobacilli, Listeria spp., and other gram-positive bacteria. This antimicrobial agent is heat stable, sensitive to proteases, catalase insensitive, and free of organic acids. No phage particles were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Muramidase activity was not detected in the preparations. On the basis of established criteria, the antimicrobial agent was classified as a bacteriocin and named brochocin-C. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Cutter, C N AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2326 EP - 2328 VL - 59 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Brochothrix campestris KW - bacteriocins KW - brochocin-C KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antimicrobial agents KW - J 02781:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16537513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Brochocin-C%2C+a+new+bacteriocin+produced+by+Brochothrix+campestris+.&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BCutter%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimicrobial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory biology of a uniparental strain of Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an exotic larval parasite of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). AN - 16532134; 2964239 AB - The ovipositional response of a uniparental Korean strain of the parasite Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) offered first to third instars of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), indicated that parasitization was significantly higher in hosts offered as second instars. Over their lifetimes, which averaged 44 d, females of M. pulchricornis offered 15 second instars per day deposited an average of 268 eggs and attacked an average of 194 hosts. Rates of parasitization and superparasitization averaged 32 and 31%, respectively. At 24 degree C, development from egg to adult required 16-32 d. The uniparental Korean strain of M. pulchricornis differed from the biparental European strain by its thelytokous mode of reproduction and by having a reduced tendency to attack third instars of gypsy moth, the preferred host for the European strain. Production of F sub(1) males by a few individual females in quarantine suggested that biparental strains of M. pulchricornis) are present in the Far East. Attempts to hybridize the uniparental Korean strain with the biparental European strain were unsuccessful. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Fuester, R W AU - Taylor, P B AU - Peng, Hua AU - Swan, K AD - Benefic. Insects Introd. Res., USDA-ARS, Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 298 EP - 304 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Meteorus pulchricornis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - superparasitism KW - parasitoids KW - Lepidoptera KW - Braconidae KW - parasitism KW - Lymantriidae KW - larvae KW - oviposition KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16532134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Laboratory+biology+of+a+uniparental+strain+of+Meteorus+pulchricornis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%2C+an+exotic+larval+parasite+of+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29.&rft.au=Fuester%2C+R+W%3BTaylor%2C+P+B%3BPeng%2C+Hua%3BSwan%2C+K&rft.aulast=Fuester&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Braconidae; Hymenoptera; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; parasitoids; larvae; oviposition; superparasitism; parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced botulinal toxin development in beef sausages containing decolourized red blood cell fractions. AN - 16532066; 2961797 AB - Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum was studied in a model cured beef sausage containing decolourized dried bovine red blood cells (RBC), including intact RBC, acetone-treated RBC, enzyme-treated RBC, peroxide-treated RCB or plasma. Samples were formulated with beef shoulder, curing agents and spores of proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum . Toxin was detected earlier in samples containing higher levels of iron except for acetone-treated RBC. Higher pH values were associated with shorter times to toxin detection. We conclude that the RBC decolourization method can significantly modulate Cl. botulinum growth and toxigenesis. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Miller, A J AU - Murphy, CA AU - Call, JE AU - Konieczny, P AU - Uchman, W AD - USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 80 EP - 83 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - sausages KW - erythrocytes KW - toxins KW - fractions KW - containing KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - production KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16532066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+botulinal+toxin+development+in+beef+sausages+containing+decolourized+red+blood+cell+fractions.&rft.au=Miller%2C+A+J%3BMurphy%2C+CA%3BCall%2C+JE%3BKonieczny%2C+P%3BUchman%2C+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; toxins; production; erythrocytes; fractions; containing; sausages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photosynthate allocation patterns along a fire-induced age sequence in two shrub species from the California chaparral. AN - 16527229; 2954906 AB - In the prolonged absence of fire, shrubs of the California chaparral have sometimes been reported to demonstrate an increase in the proportion of standing dead biomass and a decrease in productivity ("senescence"). To investigate the possible physiological basis of this phenomenon, seasonal patterns of the allocation of super(14)C-labeled photosynthate were studied in leaves of two chaparral species, Adenostoma fasciculatum H. & A. and Ceanothus greggii var. perplexans (Trel.) Jeps., along a fire-induced age sequence. Harvested leaves labeled with super(14)C were analyzed for percent of super(14)C in storage, structural, metabolic, and defense compounds. No age-specific trends in photosynthate allocation were found except in the spring. During spring, when demands on photosynthate for growth were high, shrubs in older stands allocated a much lower proportion of their photosynthate to storage compounds compared to shrubs in younger stands. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Sparks AU - Oechel, W C AU - Mauffette, Y AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Forest Fire Lab., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 21 EP - 30 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - patterns KW - resource allocation KW - senescence KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - Ceanothus greggii KW - fires KW - Adenostoma fasciculatum KW - seasonal variations KW - USA, California KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16527229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Photosynthate+allocation+patterns+along+a+fire-induced+age+sequence+in+two+shrub+species+from+the+California+chaparral.&rft.au=Sparks%3BOechel%2C+W+C%3BMauffette%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adenostoma fasciculatum; Ceanothus greggii; USA, California; photosynthesis; fires; seasonal variations; patterns; resource allocation; senescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf area and net photosynthesis during development of Prunus serotina seedlings. AN - 16526154; 2964093 AB - We used the plastochron index to study the relationship between plant age, leaf age and development, and net photosynthesis of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings. Leaf age and net photosynthesis were measured on all leaves greater than or equal to 75 mm of plants ranging in age from 7 to 20 plastochrons. Effects of plant developmental stage on leaf area and net photosynthesis were evaluated for leaves of differing age (horizontal series), leaves on plants of constant age (vertical series), and leaves of constant age (oblique series). Regression techniques were used to estimate leaf area from leaf blade dimensions. The best equations for predicting leaf age had R super(2) values of 0.991-0.992 and used linear or logarithmic functions of both leaf length and width. Suitable, but less precise, equations with R super(2) values of 0.946-0.962 were developed from either leaf length or leaf width. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Horsley, S B AU - Gottschalk, K W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Warren, PA 16365 USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 55 EP - 69 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - development KW - leaf area KW - Prunus serotina KW - seedlings KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16526154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Leaf+area+and+net+photosynthesis+during+development+of+Prunus+serotina+seedlings.&rft.au=Horsley%2C+S+B%3BGottschalk%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus serotina; photosynthesis; leaf area; development; seedlings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 10-year evaluation of prescribed winter burns in uneven-aged stands of Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.: Woody understorey vegetation response. AN - 16525664; 2954942 AB - The effects of burning cycles and pine basal area levels were assessed on natural pine regeneration and hardwood development in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.). The treatments included an unburned control and prescribed winter burns at 3-, 6-, and 9-yr intervals. Basal area treatments were 9, 14, 18, and 23 m super(2) ha super(-1) for the merchantable-pine component and were maintained on a 6-yr cutting cycle using single-tree selection. Ten years after the study was initiated, density and quadrat stocking of pine regeneration were negatively correlated with overstorey basal area. The 6-yr burning cycle had higher pine density and better quadrat stocking of pine regeneration compared with any other burn treatment mainly because the 6-yr burning cycle coincided with a bumper pine seedcrop and the 6-yr cutting cycle. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Cain, MD AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 3516, Monticello, AR 71655, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 13 EP - 20 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - burning KW - vegetation patterns KW - response KW - winter KW - ecological evaluation KW - understory KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - Pinus taeda KW - fires KW - Pinus echinata KW - USA, Arkansas KW - D 04700:Management KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=A+10-year+evaluation+of+prescribed+winter+burns+in+uneven-aged+stands+of+Pinus+taeda+L.+and+P.+echinata+Mill.%3A+Woody+understorey+vegetation+response.&rft.au=Cain%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Pinus echinata; USA, Arkansas; forests; fires; burning; vegetation patterns; response; winter; ecological evaluation; understory ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding of extracellular carboxymethylcellulase activity from the marine shipworm bacterium to insoluble cellulosic substrates. AN - 16523478; 2957168 AB - The binding of extracellular endoglucanase, a carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), produced by the marine shipworm bacterium to insoluble cellulose substrates was investigated. Up to 70% of CMCase activity bound to cellulosic substrates, and less than 10% bound to a noncellulosic substrates. CMCase binding to cellulose was enhanced in basal salt medium or sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl. Increased cellulose particle size correlated with decreased CMCase binding. Also, cellulose treated with either 5 N NaOH or commercial cellulase reduced the CMCase binding to these surfaces. Pretreatment of CMCase preparations with 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% beta -mercaptoethanol, and 5 mM EDTA or ethylene glycol-bis( beta -aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) had little effect on binding to cellulose. While pretreatment of CMCase with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pronase had little effect on CMCase enzymatic activity, the ability to bind to cellulose was greatly diminished by these treatments. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Imam, SH AU - Greene, R V AU - Griffin, H L AD - Biopolym. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1259 EP - 1263 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - binding KW - carboxymethylcellulase KW - cellulose KW - extracellular enzymes KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - Psiloteredo healdi KW - bacteria KW - enzymatic activity KW - symbionts KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q4 27410:Enzymes KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16523478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Binding+of+extracellular+carboxymethylcellulase+activity+from+the+marine+shipworm+bacterium+to+insoluble+cellulosic+substrates.&rft.au=Imam%2C+SH%3BGreene%2C+R+V%3BGriffin%2C+H+L&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cellulose; bacteria; symbionts; enzymatic activity; binding; extracellular enzymes; Psiloteredo healdi; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA relatedness of Bacillus brevis Migula 1900 strains and proposal of Bacillus agri sp. nov., nom. rev., and Bacillus centrosporus sp. nov., nom. rev. AN - 16522700; 2962102 AB - Studies were carried out to determine the underlying reasons for the phenotypic heterogeneity of Bacillus brevis Migula 1900. The results of the DNA relatedness studies and phenotypic comparisons suggested that two of these groups have not been described previously and that the five other groups probably represent previously, but inadequately, described species. Two of the five groups are proposed as new species and are given the revived names Bacillus agri and Bacillus centrosporus . Thus, the phenotypic heterogeneity of B. brevis sensu lato results from the inclusion of genetically unrelated organisms in the taxon and not from the inherent variability of genetically related strains. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Nakamura, L K AD - Microb. Properties Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 20 EP - 25 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Bacillus agri KW - Bacillus centrosporus KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - sp.nov. KW - DNA KW - taxonomic revision KW - homology KW - Bacillus brevis KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02725:DNA KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=DNA+relatedness+of+Bacillus+brevis+Migula+1900+strains+and+proposal+of+Bacillus+agri+sp.+nov.%2C+nom.+rev.%2C+and+Bacillus+centrosporus+sp.+nov.%2C+nom.+rev.&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus brevis; DNA; homology; sp.nov.; taxonomic revision ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the single survey technique for assessing common loon populations. AN - 16522048; 2960277 AB - We evaluated the accuracy of a single survey in estimating the resident Common Loon (Gavia immer ) population on the Turtle-Flambeau Flowage, Wisconsin, during 1986 and 1987, by comparing it to estimates obtained during an intensive productivity and brood habitat study. On average, we located and verified 94% of the chicks but only 56% of the territorial adults during the single surveys. Determination of territorial adults was low because of our inability to classify adults without broods and highly variable numbers of nonresident adult loons present. We conclude that a single survey on large, multiple-pair lakes is ineffective in estimating territorial adult Common Loon populations and will not provide accurate trend data, although a single survey conducted when chicks are approximately 6-weeks old wild yield good estimates of fledging success. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Belant, J L AU - Olson, J F AU - Anderson, R K AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 77 EP - 83 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - aquatic birds KW - counting methods KW - population status KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - census KW - Gavia immer KW - breeding KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+single+survey+technique+for+assessing+common+loon+populations.&rft.au=Belant%2C+J+L%3BOlson%2C+J+F%3BAnderson%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Belant&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - census; aquatic birds; breeding; counting methods; population status; Gavia immer; USA, Wisconsin; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality. Prediction of bioavailable phosphorus loss in agricultural runoff. AN - 16517349; 2952809 AB - The loss of bioavailable P (BAP) in both soluble (SP) and particulate (BPP, bioavailable particulate P) forms in agricultural runoff, can accelerate the eutrophication of surface waters. Bioavailable P represents P that is potentially available for algal uptake. Although prediction of BAP loss would provide a more reliable assessment of the impact of agricultural management on surface water eutrophication than just SP or total P (TP), currently no predictive equations are available. Bioavailable P transport in soluble and particulate forms in runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains over a 5-yr period, was predicted using kinetic and enrichment ratio approaches, respectively. Measured and predicted SP and BPP concentrations of individual runoff events were similar for all watersheds and management practices over a range of 7 to 3522 and 3 to 4059 mu g/L, respectively. Calculated as the sum of SP and BPP, BAP loss in runoff was predicted accurately, with only a 12% error in measured mean annual loss (662 g/ha/yr). Although BAP loss below 100 g/ha/yr was underestimated, above this value measured and predicted values closely followed a 1:1 relationship. Inclusion of these equations in comprehensive water quality models will improve the prediction of agricultural management on the biological response of receiving water bodies. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Smith, S J AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702-1430, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 32 EP - 37 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - chemical kinetics KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - agricultural pollution KW - water quality KW - phosphorus KW - mathematical models KW - Freshwater KW - agricultural runoff KW - eutrophication KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16517349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Water+quality.+Prediction+of+bioavailable+phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+runoff.&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; water quality; agricultural runoff; chemical kinetics; eutrophication; mathematical models; phosphorus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting Pinus ponderosa mortality from dormant season and growing season fire injury. AN - 16515960; 2957789 AB - Understory prescribed burning was conducted in an immature Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) stand in southwestern Colorado during three seasons, late spring, midsummer, and autumn. Tree mortality from various levels of crown scorch was compared for the different seasons of injury. A total of 526 trees of different sizes, with crown scorch ranging from 20 to 100%, were monitored annually for 10 years. Over 80% of the 10-year mortality from injury in all three seasons had occurred by year 3, with over 90% occurring by year 4. Mortality of trees scorched in the spring and summer was about 2.5 times greater than that in the autumn for similar crown damage. Most trees larger than 18 cm in diameter survived autumn injury, even with greater than 90% scorching. Following spring and summer injury, trees smaller than 10 cm in diameter died readily with greater than 50% scorching, but about 90% crown scorch was required by large trees to be lethal. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Harrington, M G AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Intermountain Fire Sci. Lab., Intermountain Res. Stn., P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 65 EP - 72 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - forests KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - fires KW - USA, Colorado KW - mortality KW - seasonal variations KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16515960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Predicting+Pinus+ponderosa+mortality+from+dormant+season+and+growing+season+fire+injury.&rft.au=Harrington%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; USA, Colorado; fires; mortality; seasonal variations; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and purification of AAL-toxin from Alternaria alternata grown on rice. AN - 16515739; 2955831 AB - An isolation and purification procedure is described for AAL-toxin, a secondary metabolite produced by Alternaria alternata . The method involves growth of the fungus on rice media, extraction with chloroform followed by methanol:water from fungus-infested rice, and purification of the aqueous layer that contains AAL-toxin by using chromatography methods. The AAL-toxin was of type A, and white in color, and its purity was greater than or equal to 95% with mol. wt 522 (M + 1). JF - Toxicon AU - Abbas, H K AU - Vesonder, R F AD - USDA/ARS/Southern Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 355 EP - 358 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - AAL-toxin KW - Alternaria alternata KW - isolation KW - media (culture) KW - purification KW - rice KW - toxins KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16515739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+purification+of+AAL-toxin+from+Alternaria+alternata+grown+on+rice.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BVesonder%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxins; isolation; media (culture); purification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pheromone production by male Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) under natural light cycles in greenhouse studies. AN - 16514526; 2958909 AB - Collections of volatile were obtained from calling males of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), under natural light cycles in tests conducted in a greenhouse and compared with collections from males tested under standard laboratory conditions. There was no effect on total amount of pheromone or in amounts of individual components released between 0400 and 2100 hours (EST); i.e., from 2 h before until 2 h after a 12-h photophase. Pheromone periodicity under either regime was fit best by a bimodal distribution, but there were shifts in times of peak production. Under laboratory conditions, there was a small early morning peak at the start of photophase (0600 hours) and a broad afternoon peak approximately equals 4 h before the end of photophase. Under greenhouse conditions, there was a small, broad early morning peak at 0700 hours and a sharp afternoon peak at approximately equals 1700 hours. Flies in the laboratory released significantly higher amounts of volatiles from 1230 to 1630 hours, whereas those in the greenhouse produced significantly higher levels from 1700 to 2100 hours. Under greenhouse conditions, pheromone production was positively correlated with relative humidity and negatively correlated with light intensity, as indicated by overall light levels measured in lux. It is speculated that high light intensities and low relative humidity, to which males under natural light cycles are exposed, inhibit pheromone production during the middle part of the day, and that environmental variables work in concert with circadian rhythm to control periodicity of pheromone release. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Epsky, N D AU - Heath, R R AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 464 EP - 469 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Caribbean fruit flies KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical communication KW - photoperiods KW - greenhouses KW - Tephritidae KW - Anastrepha suspensa KW - Diptera KW - sex pheromone KW - pheromone emission KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16514526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Pheromone+production+by+male+Anastrepha+suspensa+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+under+natural+light+cycles+in+greenhouse+studies.&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha suspensa; Tephritidae; Diptera; sex pheromone; pheromone emission; greenhouses; photoperiods; chemical communication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amylolytic enzymes produced by a color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans . AN - 16512004; 2957472 AB - A color variant of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced amylase and alpha -glucosidase activities when grown at 28 degree C for 4 days in liquid culture on a wide variety of carbon sources such as starch, pullulan, glucose, maltose, cyclodextrins, sucrose, xylose, and xylan. An alpha -glucosidase was separated by Q-Sepharose adsorption from the cell-free culture broth and partially purified by hydroxylapatite and octyl-Sepharose chromatography. After ammonium sulfate treatment of the culture supernatant (obtained after Q-Sepharose adsorption), the amylase fraction was separated into three active fractions by hydroxylapatite column chromatography, which were identified as alpha -amylase, glucoamylase A, and glucoamylase B. The glucoamylase A was further purified by octyl-Sepharose column chromatography. The pH optima for the action of alpha -amylase, glucoamylase A, glucoamylase B, and alpha -glucosidase were 5.0, 4.5, 4.0-4.5, and 4.5, respectively. The alpha -amylase and glucoamylase B were fully stable at pH 3.0-6.0, glucoamylase A at pH 4.5-5.5, and alpha -glucosidase at pH 3.5-7.0 for 1 h at 50 degree C. The optimum temperatures for the action of these enzymes were 55 degree , 50 degree -60 degree , 65 degree , and 65 degree C, respectively. The alpha -amylase, glucoamylase A, and glucoamylase B were absorbed onto raw corn starch and degraded it. Glucoamylase B readily cleaved pullulan. The alpha -glucosidase was not absorbed onto raw starch and did not degrade it at all. It hydrolyzed both alpha -1,4 and alpha -1,6 linkages in oligosaccharides. All four enzymes did not require any metal ion for activity and were inhibited by cyclodextrins ( alpha - and beta -, 10 mM). JF - Current Microbiology AU - Saha, B C AU - Silman, R W AU - Bothast, R J AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 267 EP - 273 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - alpha -amylase KW - alpha -glucosidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aureobasidium pullulans KW - strains KW - amylolytic enzymes KW - production KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16512004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Amylolytic+enzymes+produced+by+a+color+variant+strain+of+Aureobasidium+pullulans+.&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BSilman%2C+R+W%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aureobasidium pullulans; strains; amylolytic enzymes; production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring experimental swine dysentery: Rectal swab blood test and Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae detection. AN - 16509593; 2948284 AB - In two experiments, ten postweaning piglets were inoculated intragastrically with cultures of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae strain B204 and were individually monitored for swine dysentery. Eight control animals received sterile culture medium. Between the day of inoculation and 35 days later, rectal swab samples were assayed for fecal blood by means of a commercial test kit and for S. hyodysenteriae cells by direct (phase contrast) microscopy and selective culture methods. Optimal detection of S. hyodysenteriae required both microscopy and culturing. Of 41 rectal swab samples positive for fecal blood, 38 (93%) were positive by direct microscopy, by selective culture, or by both techniques. Of 118 samples negative for fecal blood, 115 (97%) were negative by direct microscopy, by selective culture, or by both techniques. Swab samples from control swine were negative for fecal blood. The fecal blood test was a convenient and reliable method for objectively monitoring individual animals with experimental swine dysentery. The occult blood test used in these studies might be generally useful for veterinary surgeons to monitor and diagnose swine intestinal disorders in which fecal blood is produced. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Stanton, T B AU - Jensen, N S AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 389 EP - 396 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - detection KW - dysentery KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16509593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Monitoring+experimental+swine+dysentery%3A+Rectal+swab+blood+test+and+Serpulina+%28Treponema%29+hyodysenteriae+detection.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BJensen%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; detection; dysentery ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide dissipation studies in southern forest ecosystems. AN - 16508401; 2955995 AB - Results of research on the movement of hexazinone, imazapyr, picloram, and sulfometuron in first-order watersheds in the southern United States are presented. Herbicides contaminate surface waters to varying degrees, depending on application rate, method of application, product formulation, and site-specific characteristics. Highest concentrations are observed in streams in ephemeral pulses during the first three storm events after application. Streamside management zones greatly reduce the amount of herbicide entering streams from forestry applications. Soil persistence of herbicides is highly variable and a function of many site characteristics. Plant residues have been monitored and found to dissipate rapidly, with half-lives < 40 d. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Michael, J L AU - Neary, D G AD - USDA For. Serv., G.W. Andrews For. Sci. Lab., DeVall Dr., Auburn Univ., AL 36849-5627, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 405 EP - 410 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - USA, Southeastern KW - forest industry KW - hydrologic cycle KW - plants KW - pollution dispersion KW - soils KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - forests KW - herbicides KW - surface water KW - environmental monitoring KW - pesticides KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16508401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Herbicide+dissipation+studies+in+southern+forest+ecosystems.&rft.au=Michael%2C+J+L%3BNeary%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soils; forests; hydrologic cycle; environmental monitoring; forest industry; herbicides; surface water; watersheds; pollution dispersion; ecosystems; pesticides; plants; streams; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vascular cambial sucrose metabolism and growth in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in relation to transplanting stress. AN - 16504108; 2954130 AB - Sucrose synthase (SS) was the dominant enzyme of sucrose metabolism in both stem and root vascular cambial zone tissues of nursery-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities were generally less than 10% of the SS activity in both tissues. In both cambial tissues, seasonal patterns of enzyme activity were observed for SS but not for AI or NI. The seasonal patterns of SS activity in stem and root cambia paralleled the periodic growth of stems and roots. Stems had high SS activity and growth during summer and early fall. Roots had substantial SS activity and growth during summer and fall, but SS activity and growth were even higher in winter. When seedlings were transplanted, about eight months elapsed before stem and root cambia resumed rates of growth and sucrose metabolism similar to those in control nontransplanted seedlings. Two months after transplanting, root SS was at its lowest, whereas AI activity in transplants was 50% higher than in control nontransplanted seedlings. In stems, SS activity decreased in response to transplanting, whereas AI and NI activities did not change appreciably. It was concluded that: (1) SS was the dominant enzyme for sucrose metabolism in root and stem cambial tissues of loblolly pine seedlings; (2) both SS and PPi-PFK in the cambial tissues can be used as biochemical indicators of growth sink strength in stems and roots; and (3) both enzymes can be used as indicators of seedling stress caused by events such as transplanting and winter freezing. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Sung, Shi-JeanS AU - Kormanik, P P AU - Black, C C AD - Inst. Tree Root Biol., For. Sci. Lab., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn. USDA Forest Serv., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 243 EP - 258 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - transplantation KW - Pinus taeda KW - growth KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16504108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Vascular+cambial+sucrose+metabolism+and+growth+in+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda+L.%29+in+relation+to+transplanting+stress.&rft.au=Sung%2C+Shi-JeanS%3BKormanik%2C+P+P%3BBlack%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Sung&rft.aufirst=Shi-JeanS&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; growth; transplantation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Increasing CO sub(2) and plant-plant interactions: Effects on natural vegetation. AN - 16501194; 2947293 AB - Plant species and functional groups of species show marked differences in photosynthesis and growth in relation to rising atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations through the range of the 30% increase of the recent past and the 100% increase since the last glaciation. A large shift was found in the compositional mix of 26 species of C sub(3)'s and 17 species grown from a native soil seed bank in a competitive mode along a CO sub(2) gradient that approximated the CO sub(2) increase of the past 150 years and before. The biomass of C sub(3)'s increased from near zero to 50% of the total while that of the C sub(4)'s was reduced 25% as CO sub(2) levels approached current ambient. The proposition that acclimation to rising CO sub(2) will largely negate the fertilization effect of higher CO sub(2) levels on C sub(3)'s is not supported. No signs of photosynthetic acclimation were evident for Avena sativa, Prosopis glandulosa), and Schizachyrium scoparium plants grown in subambient CO sub(2). JF - Vegetatio AU - Johnson, H B AU - Polley, H W AU - Mayeux, H S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 157 EP - 170 VL - 104-105 KW - carbon dioxide KW - effects on KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - enrichment KW - plants KW - interaction KW - vegetation changes KW - competition KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16501194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Increasing+CO+sub%282%29+and+plant-plant+interactions%3A+Effects+on+natural+vegetation.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+H+B%3BPolley%2C+H+W%3BMayeux%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=104-105&rft.issue=&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of bacteria associated with postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables by cellular fatty acid composition: An expert system for personal computers. AN - 16499953; 2953887 AB - The cellular fatty acid composition of 190 bacterial strains representing six genera associated with postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables was statistically analyzed and was used as the basis of an expert system of identification. The expert system was built with off-the-shelf hardware and software, i.e., a commercially available, database management program and personal computer. The database included fatty acid profiles of Bacillus, Clostridium, Cytophaga, Xanthomonas , and the species: Erwinia amylovora, E. ananas, E. herbicola, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, E. chrysanthemi, E. rhapontici, Pseudomonas cepacia, P. gladioli , P. aeruginosa, P. cichorii, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. syringae , and P. viridiflava . A total of 78 fatty acids were detected by gas-liquid chromatography, and mean percentages (of the total) were analyzed statistically for each fatty acid and chemical class. Genera were differentiated by a class analysis. Clostridium had the highest mean percentage (63.90%) of saturated, straight-chain, even-carbon fatty acids (class A), significantly different from all genera except Erwinia (40.89%). Cytophaga was unique, with a high mean percentage (9.44%) of saturated, straight-chain, odd-carbon fatty acids (class B). Mean percentages for class C, saturated, straight-chain fatty acids, were significantly higher for Erwinia (42.11%) and Pseudomonas (fluorescent, 53.10%, and nonfluorescent, 35.33%) than for Bacillus (8.91%), Clostridium (16.31%), and Cytophaga (19.98%). In class D, hydroxy-substituted acids, mean percentages for Bacillus (1.06%) and Clostridium (2.28%) were significantly lower than for Cytophaga (11.00%) and the nonfluorescent pseudomonads (13.97%). In class E, saturated, branched-chain fatty acids, mean percentages for Erwinia and Pseudomonas were less than 1.5% compared to over 11% in other genera. In class F, unsaturated, branched-chain fatty acids, mean percentages for the pseudomonads were less than 0.2%, significantly lower than in any other genus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wells, J M AU - Butterfield, JE AU - Revear, L G AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 445 EP - 455 VL - 83 IS - 4 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - computer programmes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fatty acids KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - identification KW - bacteria KW - post-harvest decay KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16499953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+bacteria+associated+with+postharvest+diseases+of+fruits+and+vegetables+by+cellular+fatty+acid+composition%3A+An+expert+system+for+personal+computers.&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+M%3BButterfield%2C+JE%3BRevear%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; identification; post-harvest decay; fruits; vegetables; fatty acids ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effects of increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) on vegetation. AN - 16495521; 2947216 AB - The increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration probably will have significant direct effects on vegetation whether predicted changes in climate occur or not. Averaging over many prior greenhouse and growth chamber studies, plant growth and yield have typically increased more than 30% with a doubling of CO sub(2) concentration. Such a doubling also causes stomatal conductance to decrease about 37%, which typically increases leaf temperature more than 1 degree C, and which may decrease evapotranspiration, although increases in leaf area counteract the latter effect. Interactions between CO sub(2) and climate variables also appear important. In one study the growth increase from near-doubled CO sub(2) ranged from minus 60% at 12 degree C to 0% at 19 degree C to plus 130% at 34 degree C, suggesting that if the climate warms, the average growth response to doubled CO sub(2) could be consistently higher than the 30% mentioned above. Even when growing in nutrient-poor soil, the growth response to elevated CO sub(2) has been large, in contrast to nutrient solution studies which showed little response. Several studies have suggested that under water-stress, the CO sub(2) growth stimulation is as large or larger than under wellwatered conditions. JF - Vegetatio AU - Kimball, BA AU - Mauney, J R AU - Nakayama, F S AU - Idso, S B Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 65 EP - 75 VL - 104-105 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - atmospheric conditions KW - enrichment KW - plants KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16495521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Effects+of+increasing+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+on+vegetation.&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA%3BMauney%2C+J+R%3BNakayama%2C+F+S%3BIdso%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=104-105&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling pesticide movement in forested watersheds: Use of PRZM for evaluating pesticide options in loblolly pine stand management. AN - 16495081; 2940264 AB - The fate of pesticides in forest ecosystems is strongly influenced by climatic conditions. Drought or excessive rainfall may seriously affect dissipation rates, routes, and the extent of movement through soil profiles. The pesticide root zone model (PRZM) is designed to predict pesticide movement in unsaturated soils within and below the plant root zone in agricultural systems. The applicability of this model to a forested watershed was tested by using on-site hydrologic data to simulate a field application of lindane. PRZM-predicted data were compared with measured residue levels and found to estimate accurately lindane movement and leaching at shallow soil depths (0-10 cm), but underestimated residue levels at deeper soil depths (40-50 cm). Model simulations were used to evaluate various insecticide and herbicide application scenarios used in pine plantation management. Results from these simulations indicate that insecticides commonly used for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) or southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) control either are not sufficiently persistent or are adsorbed in the soil to such an extent that do not pose a potential groundwater contamination problem. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Dowd, J F AU - Bush, P B AU - Neary, D G AU - Taylor, J W AU - Berisford, Y C AD - USDA Coop. Extension Serv., Univ. Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 429 EP - 439 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - USA, Georgia, Comer KW - forested watersheds KW - groundwater contamination KW - lindane KW - models KW - pollution dispersion KW - soils KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - climate KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - rainfall KW - Pinus taeda KW - herbicides KW - USA, Georgia KW - groundwater pollution KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - leaching KW - pesticides KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16495081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Modeling+pesticide+movement+in+forested+watersheds%3A+Use+of+PRZM+for+evaluating+pesticide+options+in+loblolly+pine+stand+management.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+J+F%3BBush%2C+P+B%3BNeary%2C+D+G%3BTaylor%2C+J+W%3BBerisford%2C+Y+C&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; soils; hydrology; lindane; rainfall; herbicides; watersheds; models; groundwater pollution; pollution dispersion; pesticides; leaching; climate; Pinus taeda; Dendroctonus frontalis; Lymantria dispar; USA, Georgia; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Crop responses to CO sub(2) enrichment. AN - 16494162; 2947175 AB - Carbon dioxide is rising in the global atmosphere, and this increase can be expected to continue into the foreseeable future. This compound is an essential input to plant life. Crop function is affected across all scales from biochemical to agro-ecosystem. An array of methods (leaf cuvettes, field chambers, free-air release systems) are available for experimental studies of CO sub(2) effects. Carbon dioxide enrichment of the air in which crops grow usually stimulates their growth and yield. Plant structure and physiology are markedly altered. Interactions between CO sub(2) and environmental factors that influence plants are known to occur. Implications for crop growth and yield are enormous. Strategies designed to assure future global food security must include a consideration of crop responses to elevated atmospheric CO sub(2). JF - Vegetatio AU - Rogers, H H AU - Dahlman, R C Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 117 EP - 131 VL - 104-105 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - response KW - crops KW - greenhouse effect KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16494162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Crop+responses+to+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+H+H%3BDahlman%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=104-105&rft.issue=&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate, dissipation and environmental effects of pesticides in southern forests: A review of a decade of research progress. AN - 16490506; 2939033 AB - Ten years of watershed-scale research has been conducted on the fate of forestry-use pesticides in forested catchments under mainly operational conditions throughout the southern United States. Studies have evaluated chemicals such as hexazinone, picloram, sulfometuron methyl, metsulfuron methyl, azinphosmethyl, triclopyr, carbofuran, lindane, malathion, fenvalerate, copper-chromium-arsenic, and pentachlorophenol. Off-site movement in stream flow, leaching to ground water, and thermal combustion have been examined. Model verifications of pesticide fate and dissipation and risk analyses have been conducted using simulation models such as GLEAMS, CREAMS, and PRZM. Field study data indicate that movement is controlled by the main hydrologic pathways (e.g., surface runoff, infiltration, interflow, and leaching below the root zone). Peak residue concentrations tend to be low (< 500 mu g/L), except where direct applications are made to perennial streams or to ephemeral channels, and where buffer strips are not used and do not persist for extended periods of time. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Neary, D G AU - Bush, P B AU - Michael, J L AD - USDA, For. Serv. and Soil Sci. Dep., 2171 McCarty Hall, Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 411 EP - 428 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - catchments KW - pollution dispersion KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - simulation KW - pollution effects KW - forests KW - hydrology KW - environmental impact KW - USA, South KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16490506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Fate%2C+dissipation+and+environmental+effects+of+pesticides+in+southern+forests%3A+A+review+of+a+decade+of+research+progress.&rft.au=Neary%2C+D+G%3BBush%2C+P+B%3BMichael%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Neary&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; forests; water quality; environmental impact; pollution dispersion; pollution effects; leaching; pesticides; simulation; streams; catchments; USA, South; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonality in occurrence and distribution of Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in upland and lowland areas on Kauai, Hawaii. AN - 16490406; 2938878 AB - Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was monitored with male lure trap collections and periodic collections of ripe fruits on the island Kauai to determine its temporal appearance and distribution patterns. Results showed marked temporal differences in peak trap catches of the fly in lowland areas compared with upland areas. Flies were caught in two upland locations compared with catches in six lowland locations. Strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum Sabine, and common guava, Psidium guajava L., form a discontinuous belt of plants around Kauai. Infestation of this fruit by C. capitata was nearly absent in wet areas and consistent but variable in dry areas. The seasonal appearance of C. capitata in traps in Kokee and Polihale coincided with their emergence from collected fruits. The mean infestation rate of C. capitata in guava was 0.43 plus or minus 0.27 (mean plus or minus SEM) per kg of fruit compared with 37.5 plus or minus 15.3 for Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Infestation of all fruits collected by B. dorsalis was widespread in all areas when these plants produced ripe fruits. Utilization of all fruits by C. capitata was very limited in comparison with the distribution and abundance of host plants. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Harris, E J AU - Vargas, R I AU - Gilmore, JE AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg, Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 404 EP - 410 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - monitoring KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Tephritidae KW - ecological distribution KW - seasonal variations KW - Diptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16490406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonality+in+occurrence+and+distribution+of+Mediterranean+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+upland+and+lowland+areas+on+Kauai%2C+Hawaii.&rft.au=Harris%2C+E+J%3BVargas%2C+R+I%3BGilmore%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Diptera; USA, Hawaii; ecological distribution; seasonal variations; monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaching of soil-active herbicides in acid, low base saturated sands: Worst-case conditions. AN - 16489943; 2939006 AB - Effects of litter-humus treatments and precipitation acidity on the mobility of the soil-active herbicides hexazinone, tebuthiuron, and sulfometuron methyl were determined in 15- x 150- cm lysimeters with intact soil columns collected from six sites across the northern Lake states. Each column had received a cap of litter-humus from either a jack pine or mixed hardwood stand, or a quartz sand (control) and was preconditioned by treatment with rainwater acidified to pH 5.4 or 4.2, applied weekly throughout the growing season for four years. super(14)C-labeled material was added to the commercial formulation of each product and applied at 2.24 kg (active ingredient (a.i.)/ha of hexazinone and tebuthiuron and 42.5 g (a.i.)/ha of sulfometuron methyl. Acidified rainwater was applied weekly to approximate ambient precipitation; additional water was applied on three occasions. Soil water was sampled once at 10, 20, and 40 cm, and 10 times at the 150-cm level over the 130-d post-treatment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Stone, D M AU - Harris, A R AU - Koskinen, W C AD - USDA For. Serv., North Cent. For. Exp. Stn., 183 Highway 169 E., Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 399 EP - 404 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - USA, Lake states KW - lysimeters KW - monitoring measurements KW - soils KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - pollution monitoring KW - herbicides KW - Freshwater KW - humic acids KW - acid rain KW - environmental monitoring KW - pollution dispersion KW - leaching KW - pesticides KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16489943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Leaching+of+soil-active+herbicides+in+acid%2C+low+base+saturated+sands%3A+Worst-case+conditions.&rft.au=Stone%2C+D+M%3BHarris%2C+A+R%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soils; water quality; pollution monitoring; environmental monitoring; herbicides; pollution dispersion; pesticides; humic acids; leaching; acid rain; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of immatures and monitoring of adult sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), in peanut, Arachis hypogaea . AN - 16488378; 2938968 AB - The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), attacking peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., in Georgia was identified as Strain B. Based on the Brooks-Dyar rule for geometric growth, four nymphal instars occurred on peanut. Average length and width ( mu m), respectively, for the instars were (mean plus or minus SE): first, 207.8 plus or minus 5.4, 120.9 plus or minus 4.4; second, 314.9 plus or minus 8.8, 194.0 plus or minus 6.4; third, 442.6 plus or minus 11.2, 289.1 plus or minus 8.0; and fourth, 619.3 plus or minus 9.2, 428.7 plus or minus 4.4. Few immatures were found on the terminal and second leaf of a lateral branch. They were most abundant on leaves 3, 4, and 5, and then numbers declined with an increase in leaf age. Immatures occurred on both upper and lower leaf surfaces. Immatures were equally distributed among the tetrafoliates of a peanut leaf, but their location on upper versus lower leaf surface varied over time. Yellow sticky traps placed in a horizontal position at ground level or at canopy level and with the sticky surface upward were most effective in capture of adult sweetpotato whiteflies. The number of immatures on peanut leaves was only weakly related to the number of adults captured in sticky traps 1 wk earlier. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lynch, R E AU - Simmons, A M AD - Insect Biol. and Pop. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 375 EP - 380 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - monitoring KW - Aleyrodidae KW - USA, Georgia KW - immature stages KW - spatial distribution KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - pest attack KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16488378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+immatures+and+monitoring+of+adult+sweetpotato+whitefly%2C+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Gennadius%29+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%2C+in+peanut%2C+Arachis+hypogaea+.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+R+E%3BSimmons%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arachis hypogaea; Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; USA, Georgia; spatial distribution; monitoring; pest attack; immature stages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri by the polymerase chain reaction method. AN - 16488106; 2936690 AB - PFL1 is a pUC9 derivitive that contains a 572-bp EcoRI insert cloned from plasmid DNA of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri XC62. The nucleotide sequence of pFL1 was determined, and the sequence information was used to design primers for application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the detection of X. campestris pv. citri , the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease. Seven 18-bp oligonucleotide primers were designed and tested with DNA from X. campestris pv. citri strains and other strains of X. campestris associated with Citrus spp. as templates in the PCR. Four primer pairs directed the amplification of target DNA from X. campestris pv. citri strains but not from strains of X. campestris associated with a different disease, citrus bacterial spot. Primer pair 2-3 directed the specific amplification of target DNA from pathotype A but not other pathotypes of X. campestris pv. citri . A pH 9.0 buffer that contained 1% Triton X-100 and 0.1% gelatin was absolutely required for the successful amplification of the target DNA, which was 61% G + C. Limits of detection after amplification and gel electrophoresis were 25 pg of purified target DNA and about 10 cells when Southern blots were made after gel electrophoresis and probed with biotinylated pFL1. This level of detection represents an increase in sensitivity of about 100-fold over that of dot blotting with the same hybridization probe. PCR products of the expected sizes were amplified from DNA extracted from 7-month-old lesions from which viable bacteria could not be isolated. These products were confirmed to be specific for X. campestris pv. citri by Southern blotting. This PCR-based detection protocol will be a useful addition to current methods of detection of this pathogen, which is currently the target of international quarantine measures. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hartung, J S AU - Daniel, J F AU - Pruvost, O P AD - Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1143 EP - 1148 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - p.v.citri KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - methodology KW - detection KW - canker KW - citrus KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16488106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Xanthomonas+campestris+pv.+citri+by+the+polymerase+chain+reaction+method.&rft.au=Hartung%2C+J+S%3BDaniel%2C+J+F%3BPruvost%2C+O+P&rft.aulast=Hartung&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas campestris; citrus; polymerase chain reaction; detection; methodology; canker ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal antibody-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection and titration of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus antibody in caprine and ovine sera. AN - 16487948; 2938134 AB - A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (B-ELISA), using two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), was established and compared with the virus neutralization test (VNT) for detecting specific peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) antibody in caprine and ovine sera. This technique was developed because VNT, the only available specific serological test for PPRV and the cross-reactive rinderpest virus (RPV), is time-consuming and unaffordable for most laboratories in regions where both peste des petits ruminants and rinderpest occur. The test depends on the blocking of the binding of the MAb to a specific epitope in the presence of positive serum. Test conditions were optimized by using peste-des-petits-ruminants and rinderpest sera that were known to be VNT positive and negative. A blocking format, in which serum is preincubated with a solid-phase PPRV antigen and then incubated with the MAb, yielded levels of sensitivity and specificity superior to those of a competitive format, in which the two reagents are added simultaneously. A threshold value of 45% inhibition, representing the mean for a negative population (n = 277) plus 2.7 standard deviations, was adopted for routine screening. A total of 605 serum samples were screened by B-ELISA and the VNT. The sensitivity and specificity of B-ELISA relative to the VNT were 90.4 and 98.9%, respectively. Of 264 field serum samples tested, 11 (4.2%) could not be assayed by the VNT because of contamination or cytotoxicity; the overall agreement quotient between results of the two tests (n = 253) was 0.91. A high correlation (r = 0.98) was observed between B-ELISA and the VNT for endpoint titration of sera (n = 57). Because B-ELISA proved to be nearly as sensitive and specific as the VNT while being similar and more rapid, it would be an adequate substitute for the VNT for assessing herd immune status and for epidemiologic surveillance. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Saliki, J T AU - Libeau, G AU - House, JA AU - Mebus, CA AU - Dubovi, E J AD - Foreign Anim. Dis. Diagn. Lab., Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., Anim. Plant Health Insp. Serv., USDA, Plum Island, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1075 EP - 1082 VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - antibody KW - blockins KW - goats KW - monoclonal antibody KW - peste des petits ruminants virus KW - sheep KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - serum KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods KW - V 22142:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16487948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+antibody-based+blocking+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+specific+detection+and+titration+of+peste-des-petits-ruminants+virus+antibody+in+caprine+and+ovine+sera.&rft.au=Saliki%2C+J+T%3BLibeau%2C+G%3BHouse%2C+JA%3BMebus%2C+CA%3BDubovi%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Saliki&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1075&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - serum; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproduction and feeding behavior of Delphastus pusillus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a predator of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). AN - 16487472; 2938631 AB - The development, feeding behavior, fecundity, and longevity of Delphastus pusillus (LeConte) on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was studied in the laboratory at 28 plus or minus 3 degree C. Developmental time from oviposition to eclosion was 21.0 d. Longevity of adults was 60.5 d for females and 44.8 d for males. Larval and adult beetles fed on all stages of whitefly. The number of prey consumed by adult beetles decreased with increasing age and size of prey; i.e., 167.1 eggs or 11.6 early fourth instars per day. Handling time increased with stage of whitefly, from 31.3 s for eggs to 377.7 s for early fourth instars. Beetle larvae began feeding upon hatching and consumed a mean of 977.5 eggs before pupating. Mated females laid eggs only when reared on diets containing whitefly eggs. When reared exclusively on a diet of eggs, beetles laid 3.0 eggs per day. Mean lifetime egg production was 183.2. Predation on B. tabaci eggs and beetle oviposition was also observed in a greenhouse; mean prey consumption was 51% greater and mean daily oviposition by females was 103% higher than in the laboratory. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Hoelmer, KA AU - Osborne, L S AU - Yokomi, R K AD - Hortic. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 322 EP - 329 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - reproductive behaviour KW - feeding behaviour KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Coccinellidae KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - predators KW - Delphastus pusillus KW - Homoptera KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16487472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Reproduction+and+feeding+behavior+of+Delphastus+pusillus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Coccinellidae%29%2C+a+predator+of+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29.&rft.au=Hoelmer%2C+KA%3BOsborne%2C+L+S%3BYokomi%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Hoelmer&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Delphastus pusillus; Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; predators; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aristolochene synthase. Isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of a sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic gene (Ari1) from Penicillium roqueforti . AN - 16484186; 2934903 AB - Aristolochene is the likely precursor of the sesquiterpenoid toxins produced by a number of filamentous fungi, One of these, PR-toxin, is produced by Penicillium roqueforti . We report here the isolation of a gene (Ari1) coding for the sesquiterpene cyclase, aristolochene synthase (AS), from P. roqueforti . Nucleotide sequence analysis of genomic and cDNA clones revealed that the Ari1 gene contains two introns. A Protein A/AS fusion enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to have sesquiterpene cyclase activity. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Proctor, R H AU - Hohn, T M AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4543 EP - 4548 VL - 268 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Ari1 gene KW - Penicillium roqueforti KW - amino acid sequence KW - aristolochene synthase KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16484186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Aristolochene+synthase.+Isolation%2C+characterization%2C+and+bacterial+expression+of+a+sesquiterpenoid+biosynthetic+gene+%28Ari1%29+from+Penicillium+roqueforti+.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method for detection of pseudobactin, the siderophore produced by a plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas strain, in the barley rhizosphere. AN - 16482965; 2934047 AB - Detection in the rhizosphere of the siderophore produced by an inoculated microorganism is critical to determining the role of microbial iron chelators on plant growth promotion. We previously reported the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to ferric pseudobactin, the siderophore of plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas strain B10. One of these MAb reacted less strongly to pseudobactin than to ferric pseudobactin. The MAb reacted to AI(III), Cr(III), Cu(II), and Mn(II) complexes of pseudobactin at a level similar to the level at which it reacted to ferric pseudobactin and reacted less to the Zn(II) complex, but these metals would make up only a small fraction of chelated pseudobactin in soil on the bases of relative abundance of metals and relative binding constants. Fourteen-day-old barley plants grown in limed and autoclaved soil were inoculated with 10 super(9) CFU of Pseudomonas) strain Sm1-3, a strain of Pseudomonas B10 Rif super(r) Nal super(r) selected for enhanced colonization, and sampled 3 days later. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Buyer, J S AU - Kratzke, M G AU - Sikora, L J AD - Soil Microb. Syst. Lab., ARS-USDA, Build. 318 BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 677 EP - 681 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - pseudobactin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - siderophores KW - detection KW - Pseudomonas KW - methodology KW - J 02732:Other cell constituents and metabolites KW - A 01056:Mineral microbiology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16482965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+method+for+detection+of+pseudobactin%2C+the+siderophore+produced+by+a+plant-growth-promoting+Pseudomonas+strain%2C+in+the+barley+rhizosphere.&rft.au=Buyer%2C+J+S%3BKratzke%2C+M+G%3BSikora%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Buyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - siderophores; detection; methodology; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of the endoparasitoids Microplitis croceipes , Microplitis demolitor , and Cotesia kazak (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Helicoverpa zea and H. armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). AN - 16481780; 2933668 AB - The native parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), and two imported species, Cotesia kazak (Telenga) and Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, developed equally well on Helicoverpa armigera (Huebner) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Developmental time on both host species was significantly longer for M. croceipes than for both imported species. Mortality of immature parasitoids was not significantly different for all parasitoid species on H. zea , but was significantly less for C. kazak on H. armigera than for both species of Microplitis . The female-male ratio was significantly greater for M. croceipes than for the imported parasitoid species when reared on H. zea . When all three parasitoid species were reared on H. armigera , sex ratios were not significantly different. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Tillman, P G AU - Laster, M L AU - Powell, JE AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 360 EP - 362 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Cotesia kazak KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa armigera KW - development KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - Braconidae KW - Noctuidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - parasitoids KW - exotic species KW - indigenous species KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - host-parasite interactions KW - Microplitis demolitor KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16481780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+endoparasitoids+Microplitis+croceipes+%2C+Microplitis+demolitor+%2C+and+Cotesia+kazak+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+on+Helicoverpa+zea+and+H.+armigera+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29.&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G%3BLaster%2C+M+L%3BPowell%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microplitis croceipes; Microplitis demolitor; Helicoverpa zea; Helicoverpa armigera; Braconidae; Noctuidae; Hymenoptera; Lepidoptera; parasitoids; indigenous species; exotic species; host-parasite interactions; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal bid selection for dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys. AN - 16480656; 2933753 AB - This paper develops a model for optimal survey design for the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method that finds the bid amounts as well as the sample sizes corresponding to each bid. The model uses an iterative procedure to select the survey design that minimizes the mean square error of the welfare measure. A set of Monte Carlo simulation shows that the model produces significantly lower mean squared errors for the welfare estimate than the next best model produces. Survey design under alternative assumptions regarding the statistical distribution of the welfare measure is also addressed. The model produced significantly different survey designs depending on whether the distribution was assumed to be symmetric or asymmetric. JF - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AU - Cooper, J C AD - Resour. and Tech. Div., Rm. 508, Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, 1301 New York Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4788, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 40 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0095-0696, 0095-0696 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - cost analysis KW - mathematical models KW - environmental protection KW - economic analysis KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Management&rft.atitle=Optimal+bid+selection+for+dichotomous+choice+contingent+valuation+surveys.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Management&rft.issn=00950696&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost analysis; mathematical models; environmental protection; economic analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overwinter survival of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in southern Texas: Evidence and significance of reproductive diapause. AN - 16480293; 2933614 AB - Cohorts of adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, subjected to selected cotton diet regimens in two experiments, exhibited one or more of the classic symptoms of reproductive diapause. In both sexes, a limited diet of cotton squares or bolls conferred the ability to survive for considerable periods (up to 162 d) without subsequent feeding. An extended period of adult dormancy was evident among cohorts monitored during 1982-1983, although this was less evident among cohorts monitored in a second experiment (1983-1984). Despite such empirical evidence of dormancy, field surveys consistently indicated an extreme rarity or absence of dormant adult boll weevils in sites of deciduous leaf litter, bunchgrasses, and other types of conventional habitat that are generally considered preferred overwintering sites in temperate environments. Several explanations for these apparent anomalies are proposed, and the general significance of boll weevil diapause in subtropical environments is discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Summy, K R AU - Cate, J R AU - Bar, D AD - Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 369 EP - 376 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - diapause KW - reproduction KW - overwintering KW - Curculionidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - USA, Texas KW - survival KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Overwinter+survival+of+boll+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+southern+Texas%3A+Evidence+and+significance+of+reproductive+diapause.&rft.au=Summy%2C+K+R%3BCate%2C+J+R%3BBar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Summy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthonomus grandis; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; USA, Texas; overwintering; reproduction; diapause; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure and genetic analysis of field resistance to thiabendazole in Gibberella pulicaris from potato tubers. AN - 16464607; 2920999 AB - Forty-two strain of Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum , synonym F. subphureum ) were obtained from dry-rotted potato tubers collected in North America between 1963 and 1991. Twenty-four of 25 strains collected in 1990 and 1991 were resistant to the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ), which is widely used to control potato dry rot. The 17 strains collected between 1963 and 1986 were all very sensitive to TBZ. In laboratory tests, most TBZ-resistant and TBZ-sensitive strains were virulent on potato tubers and produced trichothecene mycotoxins in liquid culture and in potato tubers. All 42 strains were characterized for sexual compatibility by crosses with tester strains and for vegetative compatibility by complementation of nitrate-nonutilizing mutants. Twenty-one (50%) of the strains belonged to one widespread vegetative compatibility group (VCG 01). Twelve strains (26%) belonged to two additional overlapping groups (VCG 03 and 04). Forty strains were mating type 1. Two strains were mating type 2 and belonged to a unique group (VCG 02). All TBZ-resistant strains were vegetatively compatible with TBZ-sensitive strains collected in previous years. Genetic analysis indicated that TBZ resistance was stable and inherited as a single gene or as closely linked genes, and that resistance mutations of independently isolated field strains were allelic. These results suggest that TBZ-resistant strains are competitive and have the potential to spread and persist in the G. pulicaris population that causes potato tuber dry rot in North America. JF - Phytopathology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Christ-Harned, E A AU - McCormick, S P AU - Secor, G A AD - Mycotoxin Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 164 EP - 170 VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - thiabendazole KW - Solanum tuberosum L. KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gibberella pulicaris KW - fungicides KW - dry rot KW - population genetics KW - genetic analysis KW - resistant mutant KW - tubers KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16464607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Population+structure+and+genetic+analysis+of+field+resistance+to+thiabendazole+in+Gibberella+pulicaris+from+potato+tubers.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BChrist-Harned%2C+E+A%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BSecor%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gibberella pulicaris; dry rot; fungicides; resistant mutant; genetic analysis; population genetics; tubers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogeny of the ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Clostridium sticklandii , and Clostridium aminophilum sp. nov. AN - 16460345; 2925095 AB - In previous studies, gram-positive bacteria which grew rapidly with peptides or an amino acid as the sole energy source were isolated from bovine rumina. Three isolates, strains C, F super(T) (T = type strain), and SR, were considered to be ecologically important since they produce up to 20-fold more ammonia than other ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria. On the basis of phenotypic criteria, the taxonomic position of these new isolates was uncertain. In this study, the 16S rRNA sequences of these isolates and related bacteria were determined to establish the phylogenetic positions of the organisms. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic differences, we believe that strain F super(T) represents a new species of the genus Clostridium), for which we propose the name Clostridium aminophilum . JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Paster, B J AU - Russell, J B AU - Yang, CMJ AU - Chow, J M AU - Woese, C R AU - Tanner, R AD - ARS-USDA, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 107 EP - 110 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Clostridium aminophilum KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phylogeny KW - Clostridium sticklandii KW - Peptostreptococcus anaerobius KW - sp.nov. KW - rumen microorganisms KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16460345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+the+ammonia-producing+ruminal+bacteria+Peptostreptococcus+anaerobius%2C+Clostridium+sticklandii+%2C+and+Clostridium+aminophilum+sp.+nov.&rft.au=Paster%2C+B+J%3BRussell%2C+J+B%3BYang%2C+CMJ%3BChow%2C+J+M%3BWoese%2C+C+R%3BTanner%2C+R&rft.aulast=Paster&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peptostreptococcus anaerobius; Clostridium sticklandii; sp.nov.; phylogeny; rumen microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of thermoregulation by nestmates on the development time of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) queens. AN - 16456018; 2922272 AB - Worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L., in queenless colonies constructed emergency queen cells on the periphery of the brood area on a comb when ambient temperatures were high, and in the center of the comb when ambient temperatures were low. Queen cells in the center of the hive's broodnest were maintained at significantly higher temperatures and had a greater chance of emerging than queen cells located on the periphery. Temperatures around cells from which queens emerged fluctuated by 25 degree C. The average temperatures around cells from which queens emerged were 32.3-34.9 degree C; lower averages occurred during the winter trials. Queens took an average of 15.4-17.4 d to develop. The central brood area of a colony had a significantly higher temperature with a narrower range than around any queen cell. The base temperature for degree-day accumulation during the postcapping interval for the queenline in this study was 20.9 degree C, and queens required an average of 98.1 DD sub(20.9) (range, 80.0-115 DD sub(20.9)) to complete the postcapping stage. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Degrandi-Hoffman, G AU - Spivak, M AU - Martin, J H AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 165 EP - 172 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Apis mellifera KW - thermoregulation KW - queens KW - nesting behavior KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16456018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Role+of+thermoregulation+by+nestmates+on+the+development+time+of+honey+bee+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+queens.&rft.au=Degrandi-Hoffman%2C+G%3BSpivak%2C+M%3BMartin%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Degrandi-Hoffman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; thermoregulation; nesting behavior; development; queens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple and efficient method for directly electroporating Agrobacterium plasmid DNA into wheat callus cells. AN - 16452541; 2917153 AB - We report a very simple and reliable procedure for the delivery of the Agrobacterium binary vector pKIWI 105 directly into the intact cells of slowly growing wheat embryogenic callus (monocot). According to this procedure, the binary vector is directly electroporated into the intact cells without the need for isolation from the Agrobacterium . JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Zaghmout, OM-F AU - Trolinder, N L AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Syst. Res. Lab., Route 3, P.O. Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1048 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - electroporation KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - vectors KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Agrobacterium KW - DNA KW - plasmids KW - N 14679:Others KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16452541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=Simple+and+efficient+method+for+directly+electroporating+Agrobacterium+plasmid+DNA+into+wheat+callus+cells.&rft.au=Zaghmout%2C+OM-F%3BTrolinder%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Zaghmout&rft.aufirst=OM-F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrobacterium; Triticum aestivum; plasmids; DNA; vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid N sub(2) fixation in pines, alder, and locust: Evidence from the sandbox ecosystem study. AN - 16449025; 2915088 AB - Not all nitrogen (N) inputs have been accounted for in forested ecosystems. We sought to account for N sub(2) fixation and dry deposition using a lysimeter mass-balance approach. Large sand-filled, field lysimeters were used to construct 5-yr nitrogen budgets for two N sub(2)-fixing trees, two pines, and a nonvegetated control soil. Gains of N in pine systems were greatest in vegetation and litter, overshadowing combined losses from mineral soil and leaching by about threefold. Rapid acetylene reduction in pine rhizospheres and in cultures from washed roots suggests that unexplained gains are due to associated N sub(2) fixation. These results provide strong evidence for N sub(2) fixation in pine systems of approximately equals 50 kg/ha/yr N. The symbiotic N sub(2)-fixing trees black locust and black alder fixed 2 and 5 times more N sub(2), respectively, than did pines. In all systems, input in precipitation and dry deposition were relatively unimportant to the N budget. Unexplained losses of N from the nonvegetated control suggests that denitrification is an important flux. Mineral soil organic matter declined sharply and significantly in pines (20%) and even more so in the nonvegetated control (40%). Symbiotic N sub(2)-fixing trees caused a small, nonsignificant increase in mineral soil organic matter and large, significant increases in litter layer organic matter. JF - Ecology AU - Bormann, B T AU - Bormann, F H AU - Bowden, W B AU - Pierce, R S AU - Hamburg, S P AU - Wang, D AU - Snyder, M C AU - Li, CY AU - Ingersoll, R C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 583 EP - 598 VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem analysis KW - Alnus KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - nitrogen fixation KW - Robinia KW - Pinus KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16449025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Rapid+N+sub%282%29+fixation+in+pines%2C+alder%2C+and+locust%3A+Evidence+from+the+sandbox+ecosystem+study.&rft.au=Bormann%2C+B+T%3BBormann%2C+F+H%3BBowden%2C+W+B%3BPierce%2C+R+S%3BHamburg%2C+S+P%3BWang%2C+D%3BSnyder%2C+M+C%3BLi%2C+CY%3BIngersoll%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Bormann&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus; Alnus; Robinia; USA, New Hampshire; nitrogen fixation; ecosystem analysis; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dinitrogen fixation and transfer in legume-crested wheatgrass mixtures on semiarid rangelands. AN - 16444233; 2916435 AB - The inclusion of legumes in grass pastures often increases grass forage quality due to the transfer of fixed N from legumes to associated grasses. This benefit may be important for crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn. and A. desertorum Fisch. ex (Link) Schult.) growing on western rangelands where productivity is frequently N-limited. To evaluate this benefit, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or annual sweetclover (Melilotus alba Medik. var. annua Coe) was interplanted with Hycrest crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn. x A. desertorum Fisch. ex (Link) Schult.) in single species rows on super(15)N-labeled Aquic Argiustoll and Calcic Argixeroll soils in Cache Valley and Tintic Valley, Utah, respectively. Nitrogen transfer occurred over a distance of at least 25 cm and increased as the proportion of alfalfa or sweetclover to crested wheatgrass increased. Alfalfa and sweetclover apparently are capable of transferring significant amounts of fixed N to crested wheatgrass when growing in mixture on Great Basin rangelands. JF - Arid Land Research and Management AU - Gebhart, D L AU - Call, CA AU - Weaver, R W AD - USDA-ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 13 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0890-3069, 0890-3069 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - nitrogen fixation KW - grasses KW - pasture KW - legumes KW - USA, Utah KW - Agropyron KW - Melilotus alba KW - nitrogen cycle KW - semiarid environments KW - rangelands KW - Medicago sativa KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16444233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arid+Land+Research+and+Management&rft.atitle=Dinitrogen+fixation+and+transfer+in+legume-crested+wheatgrass+mixtures+on+semiarid+rangelands.&rft.au=Gebhart%2C+D+L%3BCall%2C+CA%3BWeaver%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Gebhart&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arid+Land+Research+and+Management&rft.issn=08903069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agropyron; Medicago sativa; Melilotus alba; USA, Utah; nitrogen fixation; legumes; grasses; nitrogen cycle; pasture; semiarid environments; rangelands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partitioning ozone fluxes to sparse grass and soil and the inferred resistances to dry deposition. AN - 16441541; 2915549 AB - A two-source (Penman-Monteith type) model, used in a preceding companion study as a diagnostic tool to partition objectively half-hourly measurements of evapotranspiration into bare soil and plant components and to derive in situ estimates of the bulk plant and soil resistances to evaporation, is extended to include ozone deposition. At the time this study was performed, the total leaf area index (LAI) of the site varied between 0.5 and 0.8. Live plant material accounted for 60-75% of the LAI while the remaining LAI was dead plant material. For present purposes this two-source model augments measurements of the major components of the surface energy balance and other micrometeorological measurements with measurements of the ambient ozone concentration and eddy correlation measurements of the total dry depositional flux of ozone. JF - Atmospheric Environment; Part A, General Topics AU - Massman, W J AD - USDA/Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 240 W. Prospect St., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 167 EP - 174 VL - 27A IS - 2 SN - 0004-6981, 0004-6981 KW - soils KW - ozone KW - dry deposition KW - monitoring measurements KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - plants KW - bioaccumulation KW - gases KW - resistance KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16441541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%3B+Part+A%2C+General+Topics&rft.atitle=Partitioning+ozone+fluxes+to+sparse+grass+and+soil+and+the+inferred+resistances+to+dry+deposition.&rft.au=Massman%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Massman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27A&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment%3B+Part+A%2C+General+Topics&rft.issn=00046981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gases; ozone; dry deposition; plants; resistance; bioaccumulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of selenium in wild mustard irrigated with agricultural effluent. AN - 16439712; 2900734 AB - Three field plantings were conducted from April to October 1989 on the western San Joaquin Valley in central California to evaluate the uptake of selenium (Se) and other ions in wild mustard (Brassica juncea L. czern ) when irrigated with saline water (EC sub(i) of 14-18 dS m super(-1) with an average concentration of 154 mu g l super(-1) Se) or non-saline water (EC sub(i) of < 0.8 dS m super(-1) and < 3 mu g l super(-1) Se). Dry weight yields were 25% lower and Se and other element concentrations higher in plants irrigated with drainage than with non-saline water. Irrigating wild mustard with agricultural effluent increases the Se content in plant tissue. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Mead, R AU - Hoffman, G J AD - Water Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 S. Peach, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 119 EP - 126 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Brassica juncea L. czern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - selenium KW - drainage KW - effluents KW - plants KW - agriculture KW - irrigation KW - bioaccumulation KW - crops KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16439712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+selenium+in+wild+mustard+irrigated+with+agricultural+effluent.&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BMead%2C+R%3BHoffman%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - selenium; bioaccumulation; agriculture; effluents; irrigation; plants; crops; drainage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and survival of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on transgenic cotton containing a truncated form of the delta endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis . AN - 16434919; 2909915 AB - Lines of transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., that contain a truncated version of the delta endotoxin gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were tested in the laboratory for effects on growth and survival of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Five transgenic lines contained the cryIA(b) gene from bacterial strain HD-I and one cotton line (MON-249) had the cryIA(c) gene from the strain HD-73. Neonate larvae of tobacco budworm were grown for 6 d on 10 different kinds of plant structures of the six transgenic, field-grown cotton lines and the nontransgenic, parental "Coker 312". Mean growth and survival of neonate larvae to 6 d for the transgenic lines as a group were significantly less than "Coker 312" for every plant structure. Among the six transgenic lines, significant variation in survival of neonate larvae to 6 d on terminal leaves, small squares, and on bracts were observed; however, insect weights were very low and not different among transgenic lines. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Jenkins, J N AU - Parrott, W L AU - McCarty, JC Jr AU - Callahan, F E AU - Berberich, SA AU - Deaton, W R AD - Crop Sci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 181 EP - 185 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - delta -endotoxin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - endotoxins KW - transgenic plants KW - toxicity KW - genes KW - Noctuidae KW - gossypium KW - survival KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Lepidoptera KW - growth KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16434919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+survival+of+Heliothis+virescens+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+on+transgenic+cotton+containing+a+truncated+form+of+the+delta+endotoxin+gene+from+Bacillus+thuringiensis+.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+J+N%3BParrott%2C+W+L%3BMcCarty%2C+JC+Jr%3BCallahan%2C+F+E%3BBerberich%2C+SA%3BDeaton%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - endotoxins; toxicity; transgenic plants; genes; survival; growth; gossypium; Noctuidae; Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki; Heliothis virescens; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release and establishment of Aceria malherbae (Acari: Eriophyidae) for control of field bindweed in Texas. AN - 16426730; 2909826 AB - Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci (Acari: Eriophyidae), was imported from Greece to the United States and released in 1989 near Bushland, TX, as a potential biological control agent for field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae). The number of gall mite-infested crowns increased from 2.0/m super(2) in September 1989 to 9.5/m super(2) in June 1991 but decreased to 4.0/m super(2) in June 1992. In September 1991, 76.0% of the crowns were infested, and the gall mites had moved 9.6 m from the plot. Gall mites overwintered on rhizomes 0.1-6.0 cm beneath the soil surface, but 63.1% of those recovered were found in the top 1.0 cm of soil. This represents the first successful establishment of an introduced arthropod for biological control of a crop weed in the United States. The mite is now being released on field bindweed in South Dakota, New Jersey, and Oklahoma. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Boldt, P E AU - Sobhian, R AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 234 EP - 237 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Aceria malherbae KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - population establishment KW - weed control KW - Eriophyidae KW - USA, Texas KW - Acari KW - release KW - Convolvulus arvensis KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16426730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Release+and+establishment+of+Aceria+malherbae+%28Acari%3A+Eriophyidae%29+for+control+of+field+bindweed+in+Texas.&rft.au=Boldt%2C+P+E%3BSobhian%2C+R&rft.aulast=Boldt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; weed control; population establishment; release; Eriophyidae; Acari; Convolvulus arvensis; USA, Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term population dynamics of adult Aedes dorsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a northern California tidal marsh. AN - 16424765; 2903866 AB - Short-term changes in the age structure and abundance of the host-seeking population of Aedes dorsalis (Meigen) females were studied in a Northern California tidal marsh by daily sampling from 25 July through 17 August 1990. The calculated numbers of nulliparous and parous females per day were used to estimate parity rates and duration of the gonotrophic cycle. The numbers of females collected per day ranged from 261 to 74,443, and daily parity rates ranged from 0 to 91%. The overall parity rate was 14%. Two peaks in nulliparous female abundance on days 7 and 12 were followed 5 d later by increases in the number of parous females, indicating that two cohorts had emerged with gonotrophic cycle lengths of approximately equals 5 d. This is consistent with the 5-d gonotrophic cycle length estimated using time series analysis of the same data sets. Peak host-seeking activity of nulliparous females in the two cohorts occurred 16 d after two marsh systems were flooded by monthly high tides. Survivorship was estimated to be 14% per gonotrophic cycle and 67% per day, although emigration may have caused the substantial underestimation of actual survivorship. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jensen, T AU - Kramer, V AU - Washino, R K AD - USDA-ARS, MAVERL, Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 374 EP - 377 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Aedes dorsalis KW - aquatic insects KW - biological vectors KW - reproductive cycle KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - age composition KW - feeding KW - Brackish KW - Culicidae KW - Freshwater KW - reproduction KW - females KW - salt marshes KW - INE, USA, California KW - USA, California KW - Diptera KW - population dynamics KW - abundance KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16424765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Short-term+population+dynamics+of+adult+Aedes+dorsalis+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+in+a+northern+California+tidal+marsh.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+T%3BKramer%2C+V%3BWashino%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological vectors; salt marshes; feeding; age composition; reproductive cycle; females; reproduction; aquatic insects; population dynamics; abundance; Culicidae; Diptera; INE, USA, California; USA, California; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil water controls on aerobic soil emission of gaseous nitrogen oxides. AN - 16419521; 2905485 AB - Soil water content has multiple effects on the emission of gaseous N oxides. To separate and characterize these effects, we monitored rates of CO sub(2), NO, and N sub(2)O evolution and changes in inorganic N concentrations of soil under a factorial combination of three N treatments and three water treatments during a 10-day laboratory incubation study. Because the emission of NO from control and NH sub(4)NO sub(3)-amended soil varied with the rate of chemoautotrophic NH sub(4) super(+) oxidation and was virtually eliminated by a specific inhibitor of that process (nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine)), we concluded that nitrification was the principal NO source over the entire tested range of soil water potentials (-10 to less than -1000 kPa). Denitrification made to significant contribution to N oxide emissions from even the wettest soil, so nitrifiers were probably also responsible for the much smaller emission of N sub(2)O under all treatments. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Hutchinson, G L AU - Guenzi, W D AU - Livingston, G P AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - nitrogen oxides KW - emission KW - soil microorganism KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - chemoautotrophic bacteria KW - control KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16419521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Soil+water+controls+on+aerobic+soil+emission+of+gaseous+nitrogen+oxides.&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+G+L%3BGuenzi%2C+W+D%3BLivingston%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - control; chemoautotrophic bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the biolog substrate utilization system to identify and assess metabolic variation among strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri . AN - 16417708; 2892859 AB - Metabolic fingerprints of 148 strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri originating from 24 countries and associated with various forms of citrus bacterial canker disease (CBCD) were obtained by using the Biolog substrate utilization system. Metabolic profiles were used to attempt strain identification. Only 6.8% of the studied strains were correctly identified when the commercial Microlog 2N data base was used alone. When the data base was supplemented with data from 54 strains of X. campestris pv. citri (40 CBCD-A strains, 8 CBCD-B strains, and 6 CBCD-C strains) and data from 43 strains of X. campestris associated with citrus bacterial spot disease, the percentage of correct identification was 70%. Thus, it is recommended that users supplement the commercial data base with additional data prior to using the program for identification purposes. The utilization of Tween 40 in conjunction with other tests can help to differentiate strains associated with CBCD and citrus bacterial spot disease. These results confirmed the separation of X. campestris pv. citri into different subgroups (strains associated with Asiatic citrus canker (CBCD-A), cancrosis B (CBCD-B), and Mexican lime canker (CBCD-C)). The utilization of L-fucose, D-galactose, and alaninamide can be used as markers to differentiate strains associated with these groups. A single strain associated with bacteriosis of Mexican lime in Mexico (CBCD-D) was closely similar to CBCD-B strains. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Verniere, C AU - Pruvost, O AU - Civerolo, EL AU - Gambin, O AU - Jacquemoud-Collet, J P AU - Luisetti, J AD - USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 243 EP - 249 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - pv.citri KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Citrus KW - substrates KW - utilization KW - canker KW - plant diseases KW - strains KW - Xanthomonas campestris citri KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - evaluation KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16417708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+biolog+substrate+utilization+system+to+identify+and+assess+metabolic+variation+among+strains+of+Xanthomonas+campestris+pv.+citri+.&rft.au=Verniere%2C+C%3BPruvost%2C+O%3BCiverolo%2C+EL%3BGambin%2C+O%3BJacquemoud-Collet%2C+J+P%3BLuisetti%2C+J&rft.aulast=Verniere&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - substrates; utilization; canker; plant diseases; strains; evaluation; Citrus; Xanthomonas campestris citri; Xanthomonas campestris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of extracellular proteins by the biocontrol fungus Gliocladium virens . AN - 16415897; 2892930 AB - Gliocladium virens is a common saprophytic fungus that is mycoparasitic on a large number of fungi. Responses of G. virens toward its environment were examined by monitoring the presence of extracellular proteins in culture fluid during time course experiments. Culture fluid of G. virens grown on glucose, washed cell walls of Rhizoctonia solani (one of its hosts), olive oil, or chitin contained beta -glucanase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, lipase, and proteinase activities. There were relatively minor amounts of other enzymatic activities tested. Levels of extracellular enzyme activity varied with the age of the culture and the substrate used as the carbon source. Substrate-associated differences in enzyme activities were detected as early as 8 h after transfer of mycelia from stationary-phase cultures to fresh media. When G. virens was grown on host cell wall material, beta -glucanase had the greatest specific activity of any enzyme tested at 8 h. This result suggests that beta -glucanase may be the first enzyme important in the G. virens-R. solani interaction. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that some of the polypeptides were present in the culture fluid at relatively constant amounts and other accumulated early, at intermediate times, or late in the 8-day incubation test period. Several of the polypeptides present in the culture fluid during the first 24 h disappeared completely by 48 h. Consequently, it appears that extracellular proteins in cultures of G. virens are regulated by a combination of gene regulation and protein degradation. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - van Tilburg, A-UB AU - Thomas, MD AD - Southern Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, College Stn., TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 236 EP - 242 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Gliocladium virens KW - extracellular enzymes KW - proteins KW - production KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16415897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+extracellular+proteins+by+the+biocontrol+fungus+Gliocladium+virens+.&rft.au=van+Tilburg%2C+A-UB%3BThomas%2C+MD&rft.aulast=van+Tilburg&rft.aufirst=A-UB&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; extracellular enzymes; production; proteins; Gliocladium virens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - p-Coumaroyl and feruloyl arabinoxylans from plant cell walls as substrates for ruminal bacteria. AN - 16413963; 2898933 AB - Growth of the ruminal bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD1, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49 was limited by ester-linked and p-coumaroyl groups. The limitation of growth on phenolic acid-carbohydrate complexes varied with individual bacteria and appeared to be influenced by ability to hydrolyze carbohydrate linkages. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Akin, DE AU - Borneman, W S AU - Rigsby, L L AU - Martin, SA AD - Russell Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 644 EP - 647 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - methyl 5-O-feruloyl- alpha -L-arabinofuranoside KW - p-coumaric acid KW - ferulic acid KW - L-arabinose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - Selenomonas ruminantium KW - rumen microorganisms KW - substrates KW - Ruminococcus flavefaciens KW - Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16413963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=p-Coumaroyl+and+feruloyl+arabinoxylans+from+plant+cell+walls+as+substrates+for+ruminal+bacteria.&rft.au=Akin%2C+DE%3BBorneman%2C+W+S%3BRigsby%2C+L+L%3BMartin%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ruminococcus flavefaciens; Selenomonas ruminantium; Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens; biodegradation; substrates; rumen microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CO sub(2), CH sub(4), and N sub(2)O flux through a Wyoming snowpack and implications for global budgets. AN - 16411831; 2896940 AB - Increasing atmospheric concentrations of the three main greenhouse gasses--carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide--account for about 70% of anticipated global warming, but the production consumption budgets are not balanced for any of these gases. Snow can cover between 44 and 53% of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere and may be several metres deep in alpine and sub-alpine regions for more than half the year. Most trace-gas budgets assume that trace-gas exchange stops when soil is snow covered or soil temperatures drop to similar to 0 degree C. Here we present evidence that the soils under alpine and sub-alpine snowpacks emit CO sub(2) and N sub(2)O and take up atmospheric CH sub(4) throughout the snow-covered period. These fluxes represent an important part of the annual trace-gas budget for these ecosystems. JF - Nature AU - Sommerfeld, R A AU - Mosier, A R AU - Musselman, R C AD - USDA For Serv., 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 140 EP - 142 VL - 361 IS - 6408 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - soils KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - carbon dioxide KW - snow KW - greenhouse effect KW - global warming KW - methane KW - USA, Wyoming KW - nitrous oxide KW - gases KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16411831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=CO+sub%282%29%2C+CH+sub%284%29%2C+and+N+sub%282%29O+flux+through+a+Wyoming+snowpack+and+implications+for+global+budgets.&rft.au=Sommerfeld%2C+R+A%3BMosier%2C+A+R%3BMusselman%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Sommerfeld&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=6408&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Wyoming; carbon dioxide; methane; nitrous oxide; greenhouse effect; global warming; snow; air pollution; gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of weed seedbank ecology to low-input crop management. AN - 16411043; 2890672 AB - Pesticide use in the United States is concentrated in the Corn Belt, mainly in the form of herbicides on corn (Zea mays ) and soybean (Glycine max ). If this chemical load to the environment is to be reduced, without appreciably affecting crop yields, an intimate understanding of weed ecology is necessary. For annual weeds in the U.S. Corn Belt, critical ecological information includes seedbank density, seed dormancy, seedling emergence, and environmental variables that regulate these factors. For three weeks (Setaria spp., Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album ) in Minnesota, this information is summarized, and its application to weed management is illustrated. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Forcella, F AU - Eradat-Oskoui, K AU - Wagner, S W AD - North Cent. Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 74 EP - 83 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - seed banks KW - weed control KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - crop production KW - USA, Minnesota KW - seedlings KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16411043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Application+of+weed+seedbank+ecology+to+low-input+crop+management.&rft.au=Forcella%2C+F%3BEradat-Oskoui%2C+K%3BWagner%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Forcella&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Minnesota; weed control; seedlings; agricultural ecosystems; seed banks; crop production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of weed seed banks with microorganisms. AN - 16403820; 2890898 AB - This paper provides an overview of the effects of microorganisms on weed seed viability relative to seed bank depletion, and how this information can be applied to weed management. Limited studies indicate that microorganisms associated with weed seeds can contribute to seed bank depletion through attraction to seeds by chemotaxis, rapid colonization of the spermosphere and production of enzymes and/or phytotoxins to kill seeds prior to germination. It is recognized, however, that the best opportunity for success will be through integration of selected microorganisms or microbial products with other approaches including germination stimulation, application of low rates of herbicides, manipulation of the soil environment (e.g., solarization), and biological control agents for effectively eliminating dormant, persistent seeds from soil. To achieve success, more in-depth research on microbial factors affecting weed seed banks is required. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Kremer, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 42 EP - 52 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - seed banks KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - soil characteristics KW - microorganisms KW - A 01014:Others KW - D 04700:Management KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16403820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Management+of+weed+seed+banks+with+microorganisms.&rft.au=Kremer%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Kremer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seed banks; biological control; weed control; microorganisms; soil characteristics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "Overwintering" of Africanized, European, and hybrid honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Andes of Venezuela. AN - 16398506; 2887218 AB - The potential of Africanized honey bees, Apis mellifera L., to survive the cold temperatures and confinement of winter was studied at 4,100 m above sea level in the Andes of Venezuela. The first experiment was conducted through the rainy-season "winter" of 1986 using Africanized (A) and European (E) colonies. In 1986, temperature conditions only rarely allowed honey bee flight. Under these conditions, 13 of 14 A colonies died within 18 wk compared with 4 of 15 E colonies. In 1987, European x Africanized (E x A) hybrid colonies were included in a larger experiment with treatments with various initial adult and brood populations. Higher maximum temperatures during this second experiment allowed worker flight almost daily; colonies in one treatment were confined with screens to test the published hypothesis that flight from A colonies during cold weather causes bees to leave their hives and die, causing the colonies to dwindle. All screened A colonies had died by week 10, while screened E and E x A colonies were alive through week 14. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Villa, J D AU - Rinderer, TE AU - Collins, A M AD - Honey-Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 183 EP - 189 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Africanized vs. European KW - temperature KW - Venezuela, Andes Mts KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - montane environments KW - Apis mellifera KW - overwintering KW - tolerance KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16398506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=%22Overwintering%22+of+Africanized%2C+European%2C+and+hybrid+honey+bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+in+the+Andes+of+Venezuela.&rft.au=Villa%2C+J+D%3BRinderer%2C+TE%3BCollins%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Villa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; overwintering; tolerance; montane environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of cadmium and zinc interactions on the accumulation and tissue distribution of zinc and cadmium in lettuce and spinach. AN - 16394014; 2880683 AB - The interactions between Zn and Cd on the concentration and tissue distribution of these metals in lettuce and spinach were studied at levels corresponding to background and Zn-Cd contaminated sites. Plants were grown in nutrient solutions containing 0 multiplied by 398-8 multiplied by 91 mu M Zn and 0 multiplied by 010-0 multiplied by 316 mu m Cd. Cadmium accumulated more in old than in young leaves of both crops at any solution Cd level, whereas Zn followed that pattern only at Zn levels greater than or equal to 3 multiplied by 16 mu M. Increasing solution Cd increased Zn concentrations in young leaves of lettuce but not of spinach, regardless of Zn levels. Cadmium concentrations in young leaves of both crops decreased exponentially with increasing solution Zn at low but not at high solution Cd. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - McKenna, I M AU - Chaney, R L AU - Williams, F M AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Environ. Chem. Lab., Build. 318, BARC-E., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 113 EP - 120 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - zinc KW - bioaccumulation KW - cadmium KW - Spinacia oleracea KW - Lactuca sativa KW - agriculture KW - metals KW - crops KW - contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - H SE2.20:CROP CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16394014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+cadmium+and+zinc+interactions+on+the+accumulation+and+tissue+distribution+of+zinc+and+cadmium+in+lettuce+and+spinach.&rft.au=McKenna%2C+I+M%3BChaney%2C+R+L%3BWilliams%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactuca sativa; Spinacia oleracea; zinc; cadmium; metals; crops; agriculture; contamination; bioaccumulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation and cloning of the gene encoding amylase activity of the ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis . AN - 16388837; 2879491 AB - Streptococcus bovis is an important starch-degrading ruminal bacterium that has been implicated as being important in the etiology of a number of ruminal pathologies associated with diets high in grains. Previous studies with S. bovis have shown that amylase production was influenced by the growth substrate, but the nature of this regulation was not determined. The current study was conducted to better describe the regulatory phenomena and gain a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of this activity. The amylase gene from S. bovis JB1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli . The amylase produced in E. coli was of lower molecular weight than that synthesized by S. bovis and had catalytic characteristics different from those of S. bovis amylase. When the gene was introduced back into S. bovis JB1, only one form of amylase activity was detected, indicating that the entire gene was present on this insert. The use of the amylase gene as a genetic probe for identification of S. bovis strains is discussed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cotta, MA AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Ferment. Biochem. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 189 EP - 196 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - amylase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - genes KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16388837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Regulation+and+cloning+of+the+gene+encoding+amylase+activity+of+the+ruminal+bacterium+Streptococcus+bovis+.&rft.au=Cotta%2C+MA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; genes; nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analyses of bovine urine and blood plasma for loline alkaloids AN - 15614415; 3928934 AB - Capillary gas chromatographic methods for the routine analysis of the loline alkaloids in bovine blood plasma and urine have been developed. Urine samples diluted with MeOH were suitable for direct GC analysis. Plasma samples, following protein precipitation, were also suitable for direct GC analysis. N-Methylloline was used as an internal standard for these analyses. Peak identities were verified by mass spectrometry and comparison to known standards. The methods should prove to be useful in toxicological studies concerning the role of loline alkaloids in fescue toxicosis.(DBO) JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - TePaske, M R AU - Powell, R G AU - Petroski, R J AU - Samford, MD AU - Paterson, JA AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., Bioactive Constituents, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 231 EP - 234 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alkaloids KW - cattle KW - toxicosis KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - endophytes KW - blood KW - urine KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15614415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analyses+of+bovine+urine+and+blood+plasma+for+loline+alkaloids&rft.au=TePaske%2C+M+R%3BPowell%2C+R+G%3BPetroski%2C+R+J%3BSamford%2C+MD%3BPaterson%2C+JA&rft.aulast=TePaske&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Festuca arundinacea; blood; urine; endophytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying stormflow components in a Pennsylvania watershed when super(18)O input and storm conditions vary AN - 15607517; 3926936 AB - Four major storms occurring on a 7.4 km super(2) Pennsylvania watershed during May-June 1990 were used to examine methods for isotopically separating surface and subsurface stormflow components when the super(18)O variability in rainfall is known. Rainfalls and the resulting stormflows were incrementally sampled and analyzed for super(18)O, Si, Na, Cl, Mg, and NO sub(3). Compared with conventionally used methods that input rainfall as a whole-storm value, analysis of the super(18)O data by peak rainfall periods rather than by total storm changed the separations the most. In contrast, substituting incremental for total-storm averaging of rainfall super(18)O input caused much less change. When the peak and incremental averaging approaches for super(18)O were combined into a single method, the super(18)O-based separations corresponded to the silica-based separations for all storms and Na-based separations for the largest storms. The peak-based methods estimate subsurface contributions to stormflow to be substantially larger than would be estimated by conventionally used total-storm methods. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Pionke, H B AU - Gburek, W J AU - Folmar, G J AD - USDA-ARS, 117 Res. Office Bldg., Univ. Park, PA 16802-4709, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 169 EP - 187 VL - 148 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - storm water KW - silica KW - rainfall KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - watersheds KW - water sampling KW - storms KW - oxygen isotopes KW - sodium KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15607517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Quantifying+stormflow+components+in+a+Pennsylvania+watershed+when+super%2818%29O+input+and+storm+conditions+vary&rft.au=Pionke%2C+H+B%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BFolmar%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Pionke&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - oxygen isotopes; water sampling; watersheds; storm water; rainfall; silica; sodium; storms; USA, Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on boron absorption by reference minerals and soils AN - 1420512624; 2013-063983 JF - Program and Abstracts - Annual Clay Minerals Conference AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Heick, E L AU - Berry, W Richard Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 172 PB - Clay Minerals Society, [s. l.] VL - 30 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - goethite KW - clay mineralogy KW - effects KW - kaolinite KW - temperature KW - clay minerals KW - calcite KW - absorption KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - boron KW - gibbsite KW - geochemistry KW - carbonates KW - pH KW - montmorillonite KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1420512624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+boron+absorption+by+reference+minerals+and+soils&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BHeick%2C+E+L%3BBerry%2C+W+Richard&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Clay Minerals Society 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-15 N1 - CODEN - CMCPCT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; boron; calcite; carbonates; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; effects; geochemistry; gibbsite; goethite; kaolinite; montmorillonite; oxides; pH; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of atrazine on soil clay components AN - 1420511987; 2013-063871 JF - Program and Abstracts - Annual Clay Minerals Conference AU - Laird, David A AU - Berry, W Richard Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 42 PB - Clay Minerals Society, [s. l.] VL - 30 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - protection KW - sorption KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - clay mineralogy KW - pollution KW - clay minerals KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - sheet silicates KW - pesticides KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1420511987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+atrazine+on+soil+clay+components&rft.au=Laird%2C+David+A%3BBerry%2C+W+Richard&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Clay Minerals Society 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-15 N1 - CODEN - CMCPCT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; geochemistry; herbicides; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; protection; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; sorption; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal patterns of water and chemical movement in tilled and no-till column lysimeters AN - 13700580; 199302982 AB - The effects of macropore disruption by tillage on the transport of surface-applied chemicals were investigated under natural weather conditions on silt-loam soil with a 17-year history of no-till corn production. Unvegetated, undisturbed 75 cm long soil cores were converted into column lysimeters, and simulated tillage and broadcast applications of ammonium nitrate and strontium bromide were applied each spring for 2 years. The tilled columns produced 57-81 per cent of the percolate produced by no-till columns, and preferential flow was more prevalent in no-till columns. Tillage had no detectable effect on yearly total losses of bromide and nitrate (although anion losses during the growing season were greater from no-till columns), whereas losses of strontium and ammonium cations were 2.2 and 6.6 times greater, respectively than tilled columns. Differences between tillage treatments were particularly marked during the first few rainfalls following chemical application and during summer when potential evaporation was high. Percolate analysis was necessary to assess solute transport in the field and macropores could influence the transport of strongly adsorbed species. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Edwards, WM AD - USDA-ARS, Coshocton, Ohio Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 218 EP - 223 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Ammonium nitrate KW - Analysis KW - Columns KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Prevalent KW - Strontium KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13700580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Seasonal+patterns+of+water+and+chemical+movement+in+tilled+and+no-till+column+lysimeters&rft.au=Shipitalo%2C+MJ%3BEdwards%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Shipitalo&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage sludge proteins: II. Extract characterization AN - 13695697; 199400753 AB - The molecular weights of extractable sewage sludge proteins were determined by dialysis partitioning and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) separation. Most of the proteins extracted using water and 1 M sodium hydroxide, followed by purification and concentration, had molecular weights below 14,000 and were therefore not retained by the dialysis membrane. PAGE separation also indicated a low molecular weight (below 17,000), suggesting substantial proteolysis during waste treatment. The extractable proteins were principally poly- and oligopeptides rather than intact proteins. Rapid degradation in soil could therefore be expected, through the action of soil micro-organisms. (see also preceding abstract). JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lerch, R N AU - Azari, P AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia, Mo. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 625 EP - 629 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Page KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13695697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Sewage+sludge+proteins%3A+II.+Extract+characterization&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BAzari%2C+P%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage sludge proteins: I. Extraction methodology AN - 13695689; 199400752 AB - Methods for the extraction of sewage sludge proteins for routine quantitation were developed as a prerequisite to evaluating the role of the proteins as sources of labile carbon and nitrogen in sludge-amended soil. The criteria used to assess possible methods were the relationship of the results to microbial processes, particularly carbon and nitrogen mineralization in sludge-amended soil, the precision of the results, the practicality of the proposed method for routine use and ease of protein characterization. Extracting using Triton X-100, a non-ionic detergent, was recommended for routine use, particularly on the basis of its practicality. There are 34 references. (see also following abstract). JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lerch, R N AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Azari, P AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia, Mo. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 620 EP - 624 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Triton X100 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13695689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Sewage+sludge+proteins%3A+I.+Extraction+methodology&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BAzari%2C+P%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initial habitat response to incised channel rehabilitation AN - 13695169; 199303895 AB - Following a pilot study and literature review, the rehabilitation of an incised channel lacking riparian vegetation, woody debris and pool habitat was attempted across a 785 m length by planting 2550 cuttings of native willow, Salix spp. The 1.5 m high, 2-25 cm diameter, cuttings were planted 1-1.2 m deep along the base flow channel. A ridge of stone was placed on the water side of the plants and existing spur dykes were extended to produce 17 rock spurs. Woody cover along the treated bank increased in 1 growing season from 38 to 66 per cent, although the survival of individuals was reduced from an estimated 60 to 34 per cent by competition from the exotic kudzo vine. Mean depth and mean scour hole depth, corrected for stage variation, increased 44 and 82 per cent, respectively. Mean scour hole width increased 130 per cent. Mean fish length, the number of fish species and the total weight of fish obtained for a given sampling effort increased by factors of around 2, 2 and 10, respectively. There are 45 references. JF - Aquatic Conservation AU - Shields, F D AU - Cooper, C M AU - Knight, S S AD - USDA-ARS, Oxford, Miss. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 93 EP - 103 VL - 3 IS - 2 KW - Cuttings KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Reduction KW - Spurs KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13695169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Conservation&rft.atitle=Initial+habitat+response+to+incised+channel+rehabilitation&rft.au=Shields%2C+F+D%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BKnight%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Conservation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical methods used to model unsteady canal flow AN - 13694808; 199304527 AB - Numerical methods of modelling unsteady flow are critically reviewed. The significance of the various forms of the governing equations is outlined and the problems of boundary drag and head loss are introduced. The attributes of numerical solution techniques, including applicability, accuracy, convenience and robustness, are described. Legitimate and non-legitimate methods of achieving robustness are considered. Non-legitimate techniques, such as numerical overdamping or inappropriate profile smoothing, attained robustness at the expense of accuracy. Characteristic and finite difference techniques of solving the full equations are compared. Practical difficulties in detecting bore wave formation are noted. Specific methods are recommended for difficult problems such as the computation of very shallow flows. Users of computer simulation models should not apply them uncritically but be aware of their underlying limitations. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Falvey, H T AD - USDA-ARS, Phoenix, Ariz. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 637 EP - 655 VL - 119 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13694808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Numerical+methods+used+to+model+unsteady+canal+flow&rft.au=Strelkoff%2C+T+S%3BFalvey%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Strelkoff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An innovative approach to estimate bioavailable phosphorus in agricultural runoff using iron oxide-impregnated paper AN - 13694236; 199400737 AB - The use of iron oxide-impregnated paper strips to estimate the potential bioavailable phosphorus content of runoff was investigated in the case of 20 agricultural catchments in the Southern Plains region of Oklahoma and Texas over a 3-year period. The technique involved shaking runoff samples with a strip for 16 h, followed by the removal of phosphorus using sulphuric acid. Bioavailable particulate phosphorus estimated by the proposed strip method showed a close agreement with that estimated by the conventional sodium hydroxide extraction. Estimates of dissolved phosphorus were lower than conventional estimates. The theoretical basis of the proposed method was considered. There are 40 references. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Durant, Okla. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 597 EP - 601 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13694236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=An+innovative+approach+to+estimate+bioavailable+phosphorus+in+agricultural+runoff+using+iron+oxide-impregnated+paper&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticides and nutrients in southern U.S. shallow ground water and surface runoff AN - 13693244; 199401204 AB - Results are summarized from field studies at 2 locations in Mississippi on the concentrations of nutrients and pesticides in shallow groundwater and surface run-off in agricultural catchment areas using conventional till and no-till methods. At the site growing soybeans (Glycine max), the average concentrations of plant nutrients in the groundwater were affected by tillage method. In fact, nitrate concentrations in groundwater under conventional till were slightly greater than those under no-till. The pesticides metribuzin and metolachlor in run-off were not affected by tillage method, although greater concentrations leached into the soil profile in the no-till area. No-till reduced sediment losses in run-off by about 2 orders of magnitude compared with conventional till. Similar trends were observed at the other location where maize (Zea mays) was grown. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Schreiber, J D AU - Smith, S AU - Cullum, R F AD - USDA-ARS, Oxford, Miss. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 583 EP - 588 VL - 28 IS - 3/5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Metribuzin KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13693244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Pesticides+and+nutrients+in+southern+U.S.+shallow+ground+water+and+surface+runoff&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+J+D%3BSmith%2C+S%3BCullum%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic controls in nitrate, sulphate, and chloride concentrations AN - 13688646; 199400617 AB - A small upland catchment in east-central Pennsylvania was studied with respect to nitrate-nitrogen, sulphate and chloride concentrations and discharge rates, in the context of a layered aquifer. During periods of higher discharge, concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen were usually greater, with declining concentrations during hydrograph recession. This temporal pattern was controlled by the hydrology of the system, particularly since sulphate displayed similar patterns. The groundwater runoff concentration seemed to result from the mixing of flow through a 2-layer aquifer. Implications for the impact of chemical contamination of shallow groundwater and consequent stream water quality were considered. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Urban, J B AU - Gburek, W J AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, Pa. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 589 EP - 596 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Recession KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13688646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+controls+in+nitrate%2C+sulphate%2C+and+chloride+concentrations&rft.au=Schnabel%2C+R+R%3BUrban%2C+J+B%3BGburek%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Schnabel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Artificial watershed acidification on the Fernow Experimental Forest, USA AN - 13688086; 199401180 AB - Stream chemistry responses of the Fernow Experimental Forest, W. Va., to the application of nitrogen and sulphur at levels twice the normal ambient input were evaluated. Two catchments were treated 3 times a year with ammonium sulphate fertilizer and compared with an untreated control catchment. Data on stream water chemistry were collected during 3 years of treatment. No significant effects on stream pH and electrical conductivity were observed on either treated catchment, though exports of nitrate and calcium increased in one catchment as a result of artificial acidification. Research was ongoing on the processes involved and on the effects on vegetation, aquatic invertebrates and amphibians. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Adams, M B AU - Edwards, P J AU - Wood, F AU - Kochenderfer, J N AD - USDA Forest Service, Parsons, W. Va. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 505 EP - 519 VL - 150 IS - 2/4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13688086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Artificial+watershed+acidification+on+the+Fernow+Experimental+Forest%2C+USA&rft.au=Adams%2C+M+B%3BEdwards%2C+P+J%3BWood%2C+F%3BKochenderfer%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2%2F4&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysing the short-term reduction in streamflow pH resulting from acidic precipitation AN - 13687452; 199402157 AB - Data on temperature, pH, conductivity and alkalinity were collected for 6 months on an east-central Pennsylvanian catchment for river water, precipitation, subsurface flow and runoff. The acidification of the stream during rainfall was explored through flow, pH and conductivity mass balances. The predominantly agricultural catchment tended to be acidic but received regular dressings of dolomitic limestone. Baseflow pH was 6.5. During small storms, small volumes of acid pollution falling directly on the stream surface reacted with the more alkaline subsurface and runoff flows to reduce pH temporarily by 0.5 pH unit. In larger storms, the pH of the runoff approached that of the precipitation and imposed a high acidic loading on the stream; however, this was buffered by a large subsurface flow component. The net pH reduction was similar to that seen in smaller storms. The hydrological interpretations based on the mass balances were consistent with the variable source area concept of basin hydrology. There are 31 references. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal AU - Gburek, W J AU - Pionke, H B AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, Pa. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 497 EP - 518 VL - 38 IS - 6 KW - Analysis KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13687452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal&rft.atitle=Analysing+the+short-term+reduction+in+streamflow+pH+resulting+from+acidic+precipitation&rft.au=Gburek%2C+W+J%3BPionke%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Gburek&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural chemical discharge in surface water runoff AN - 13687420; 199400637 AB - Concepts and approaches applicable to the discharge of agricultural chemicals in runoff waters are reviewed, on the basis of studies carried out in the last 10 years. The nutrients considered were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur, while the principal pesticides were atrazine, alachlor and cyanazine. Approaches to soluble chemical discharge included kinetic desorption and uniform or non-uniform mixing, incorporating parameters reflecting catchment management and the nature of the interaction between surface soil and precipitation. Predicted chemical discharge values in close agreement with measured values were obtained. There are 52 references. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Smith, S J AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Ahuja, L R AD - USDA-ARS-SPA, Durant, Okla. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 474 EP - 480 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Alachlor KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13687420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Agricultural+chemical+discharge+in+surface+water+runoff&rft.au=Smith%2C+S+J%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BAhuja%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A modelling approach to evaluate best management practices AN - 13687376; 199401014 AB - Vegetative filter strips are a best management practice for removing sediment and pollutants from agricultural run-off, and the U.S. Conservation Reserve Programme had almost 3000 contracts for setting aside land for this purpose. Under this scheme, filter strips 20-30 m wide were established beside creeks and streams adjacent to cropland, and landowners were contracted to maintain them for 10 years in return for compensation from federal government. To assess the improvement in water quality achieved by this approach, simulations of conditions before and after installation of 200 randomly-selected filter-strip sites in 29 states were carried out using CREAMS (Chemicals, Run-off, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems) and WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) models. Filter strips reduced sediment and sediment-associated nutrients by 10-80 per cent, depending on local conditions, but did not remove soluble pollutants. The types of site most suited to the use of filter strips are listed. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Williams, R D AU - Nicks, AD AD - USDA-ARS, Durant, Okla. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 675 EP - 678 VL - 28 IS - 3/5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Reserve KW - State KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13687376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+modelling+approach+to+evaluate+best+management+practices&rft.au=Williams%2C+R+D%3BNicks%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F5&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and phosphorus fate from long-term poultry litter applications to Oklahoma soils AN - 13686916; 199401467 AB - The impact of long-term application of poultry litter on soil and water resources in eastern Oklahoma was studied, with particular attention to the effects on the nitrogen and phosphorus content of soils. Twelve soil profiles under coastal' bermudagrass to which poultry litter had been continually applied for 12 to 35 years were sampled to a depth of 150 cm. The effect of poultry litter was greatest in the surface 5 cm of soil. Below 5 cm, nitrogen and phosphorus decreased rapidly, with only slight nitrate-nitrogen accumulations between 50 and 100 cm and no observed movement of phosphorus below 30 cm. The results are discussed in relation to fertilizer management in the area. There are 42 references. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Smith, S J AU - Bain, W R AD - USDA-ARS, Durant, Okla. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1131 EP - 1137 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13686916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+phosphorus+fate+from+long-term+poultry+litter+applications+to+Oklahoma+soils&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J%3BBain%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological effects of agriculturally derived surface water pollutants on aquatic systems - a review AN - 13686832; 199400946 AB - Causes and effects of stress on natural ecosystems are considered, with particular reference to agricultural activities as contributors to environmental stress. The influences concerned were not limited to immediate toxic effects. They also included more subtle chronic sublethal effects. Contaminant loading levels were as important as the type of pollutant since aquatic systems were often able to recover from contamination if not overloaded so as to cause irreversible damage. Suspended sediment, pesticides, nutrients and organic enrichment are reviewed as stressors of aquatic life. Habitat production methods are also considered. There are 53 references. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-ARS, Oxford, Miss. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 402 EP - 408 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13686832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Biological+effects+of+agriculturally+derived+surface+water+pollutants+on+aquatic+systems+-+a+review&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term impacts of forest treatments on water yield: a summary for northeastern USA AN - 13685186; 199401046 AB - The results of 11 studies of long-term changes in annual water yields as a result of forest clearing in catchments in the north-eastern U.S.A. were compared. Water yield increases of up to 350 mm per year were achieved in the first year by clearing forest vegetation and controlling regrowth using herbicides. In the case of commercial clear-cutting with natural regrowth, initial increases in water yield of 110-250 mm per year were obtained. Yield increases declined rapidly after cutting unless regrowth was controlled using herbicides, seldom persisting longer than 10 years. Nearly all increases in water yield took place during the growing season as augmentation of baseflow. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Adams, M B AU - Corbett, E S AU - Verry, E S AU - Lynch, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Durham, N.H. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 323 EP - 344 VL - 150 IS - 2/4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13685186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Long-term+impacts+of+forest+treatments+on+water+yield%3A+a+summary+for+northeastern+USA&rft.au=Hornbeck%2C+J+W%3BAdams%2C+M+B%3BCorbett%2C+E+S%3BVerry%2C+E+S%3BLynch%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Hornbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2%2F4&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A decision support system for evaluating the effects of alternative farm management systems on water quality and economics AN - 13684644; 199401063 AB - A Multi-objective Decision Support System was developed for water quality, which involved modelling of hydrology, erosion, nutrient and pesticide transport, crop growth, and economics, with respect to the multiple objectives of reducing pollution of surface water and groundwater while maintaining or improving farm profitability. Results of the application of this approach to several management alternatives for farmland in Iowa are presented. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Yakowitz, D S AU - Stone, J J AU - Lane, L J AU - Heilman, P AU - Masterson, J AU - Abolt, J AU - Imam, B AD - USDA-ARS, Tucson, Ariz. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 47 EP - 54 VL - 28 IS - 3/5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13684644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+decision+support+system+for+evaluating+the+effects+of+alternative+farm+management+systems+on+water+quality+and+economics&rft.au=Yakowitz%2C+D+S%3BStone%2C+J+J%3BLane%2C+L+J%3BHeilman%2C+P%3BMasterson%2C+J%3BAbolt%2C+J%3BImam%2C+B&rft.aulast=Yakowitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F5&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating phosphorus in agricultural runoff available to several algae using iron-oxide paper strips AN - 13684595; 199402132 AB - Previous research has shown that the amount of phosphorus removed by iron-oxide impregnated paper strips was related to the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum in laboratory incubations. The use of iron-oxide strips to estimate the potential availability of phosphorus in runoff to freshwater algae was examined using Anabaena, Ankistrodesmus, Euglena and Selenastrum. Algal growth was related to the amount of phosphorus extracted from runoff sediment by iron-oxide strips. For a given strip phosphorus content of runoff sediment, algal cell count increased in the order Anabaena, Euglena, Selenastrum and Ankistrodesmus. The amount of phosphorus removed from runoff by iron-oxide strips estimated the biologically available phosphorus content of runoff under optimal conditions. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Durant, Okla. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 678 EP - 680 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Algae (see also individual groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13684595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Estimating+phosphorus+in+agricultural+runoff+available+to+several+algae+using+iron-oxide+paper+strips&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=678&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between initial drainage of surface soil and average profile saturated conductivity AN - 13681118; S199547719 AB - A theoretical analysis of the relationship between effective porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity used finite element numerical solutions to simulate the change in surface soil water content resulting from drainage for 2-3 d for homogeneous soil profiles representing 11 soil textural classes together with published experimental data for various international layered soils. Generally, there was a highly significant correlation between log-log transformations of an effective profile-average saturated hydraulic conductivity (the steady-state infiltration rate or the harmonic mean saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil profile) and the initial 2-d drainage. The slope of this relationship was not significantly different from the theoretical slope of 2.5 in 3 soil groups or from an empirical value of 2.0 in all cases. Fractiles (cumulative frequency distribution) of the scaling factors of the profile-average saturated hydraulic conductivity computed from estimates obtained using surface drainage data for slopes 2.0-2.5 were in reasonable agreement with most experimental data. The proposed method showed potential advantages for the rapid estimation of an effective average saturated hydraulic conductivity of a soil profile and further development would be justified. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Wendroth, O AU - Nielsen AD - USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 19 EP - 25 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13681118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+initial+drainage+of+surface+soil+and+average+profile+saturated+conductivity&rft.au=Ahuja%2C+L+R%3BWendroth%2C+O%3BNielsen&rft.aulast=Ahuja&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting wilderness snow water equivalent with nonwilderness snow sensors AN - 13679561; S199648772 AB - Criteria for selecting surrogate sensor pairs of high- and low-elevation telemetered snow sensors were developed to investigate the feasibility of predicting snow water equivalent at high-elevation wilderness sites where sensors must be removed after a correlation period. In an initial study of 10 pairs of sensors selected according to proximity, colocation within a basin and annual precipitation, only 2 pairs yielded satisfactory regression results. When 5 of the original high-elevation sensors with poor regression statistics were each paired with 2-5 new sensors selected according to elevation difference, use of a regression screening process to select the best match yielded improvements of 27-46 per cent in regression coefficients and reduced the mean standard error from 33.2 cm to 15.0 cm. Tests using a variety of reduction, maximal change limits and smoothing algorithms did not achieve better fits but filters occasionally improved predictive ability. The proposed selection technique would aid water supply forecasting if wilderness sensors were removed. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - McGurk, B J AU - Edens, T J AU - Azuma, D L AD - USDA Forest Service, Berkeley, Calif. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 85 EP - 94 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Reduction KW - Wildland KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13679561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Predicting+wilderness+snow+water+equivalent+with+nonwilderness+snow+sensors&rft.au=McGurk%2C+B+J%3BEdens%2C+T+J%3BAzuma%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=McGurk&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity utilizing fractal principles AN - 13673488; S199749905 AB - The Marshall saturated hydraulic conductivity equation was modified by using the fractal properties of the Sierpinski carpet generator to calculate pore radii, enabling differentiation of matrix and macropore flow. Equations developed for the prediction of matrix and macropore saturated hydraulic conductivity related pore size class number and largest equivalent pore radius to soil properties. There was reasonable agreement between measured saturated conductivities for both matrix and macropore flow in a wide range of soils and the values predicted by the modified Marshall equation. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Rawls, W J AU - Brakensiek, D L AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Laboratory, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1193 EP - 1197 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13673488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Predicting+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity+utilizing+fractal+principles&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BBrakensiek%2C+D+L%3BLogsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying organics to agricultural land AN - 13672455; S199649585 AB - Research is being conducted into the use of MSW (municipal solid wastes such as newsprint, wood products and yard waste) to determine the best management practices for land application of organic wastes. These materials have been used to improve soil physical and chemical properties, soil nutrient concentrations, and to reduce soil and wind erosion on agricultural lands. There is evidence to suggest that applying newsprint directly to the soil in spring caused seedlings stunting possibly due to phytotoxins release from the newsprint. Adjusting the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the newsprint by adding broiler litter gave improvements in the cotton leaf area, water use and seed cotton yield. However, greater water use did not necessarily imply higher yields. There was a tendency for some organic wastes to suppress weeds. JF - BioCycle AU - Edwards, J H AU - Walker, R H AU - Lu, N AU - Bannon, J S AD - USDA/ARS National Soil Dynamics Lab, Auburn, Ala. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 48 EP - 50 VL - 34 IS - 10 SN - 0276-5055, 0276-5055 KW - Paper KW - Plants (see also aquatic macrophytes, grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Yards KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13672455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioCycle&rft.atitle=Applying+organics+to+agricultural+land&rft.au=Edwards%2C+J+H%3BWalker%2C+R+H%3BLu%2C+N%3BBannon%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioCycle&rft.issn=02765055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of soil erosion from irrigation AN - 13671646; S199749895 AB - Soil erosion affects 21 per cent of irrigated cropland in the U.S.A. and erosion and sedimentation studies conducted during the past 50 years in 6 states showed that annual sediment yields were often more than 20 tonnes per ha. Annual sediment yields of up to 33 tonnes per ha and 4.5 tonnes per ha were measured from fields irrigated with centre-pivot sprinkler systems and from fields on large irrigation tracts, respectively. Sediment loss was related to slope, with severe erosion often recorded for slopes greater than 2 per cent but not for those less than 1 per cent. Erosion reduced soil productivity and an estimated 25 per cent decrease in the crop yield potential in southern Idaho was attributed to irrigation induced erosion in the past 80 years. Other economic consequences included the costs of drainage and sediment removal which could exceed 50,000 U.S. dollars per year in some irrigation districts. Degradation of rivers in western states due to the sediment load of irrigation return flows was an increasing problem. There are 34 references. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Koluvek, P K AU - Tanji, K K AU - Trout, T J AD - USDA-Soil Conservation Service, Portland, Ore. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 929 EP - 946 VL - 119 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Reduction KW - State KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13671646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Overview+of+soil+erosion+from+irrigation&rft.au=Koluvek%2C+P+K%3BTanji%2C+K+K%3BTrout%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Koluvek&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of excess selenomethionine on selenium status indicators in pregnant long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). AN - 73456197; 1283694 AB - Forty pregnant long-tailed macaques were treated daily for 30 d with 0, 25, 150, or 300 micrograms selenium as L-selenomethionine/kg body weight. Erythrocyte and plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase specific activities, hair and fecal selenium, and urinary selenium excretion were increased by and were linearly related to L-selenomethionine dose. Hair selenium was most sensitive to L-selenomethionine dose, with an 84-fold increase in the 300 micrograms selenium/(kg-d) group relative to controls (r = 0.917). Daily urinary selenium excretion (80-fold, r = 0.958), plasma selenium (22-fold, r = 0.885), erythrocyte selenium (24-fold, r = 0.920), and fecal selenium (18-fold, r = 0.911) also responded strongly to L-selenomethionine. Erythrocyte and plasma glutathione peroxidase specific activities increased 154% and 69% over controls, respectively. Toxicity was associated with erythrocyte selenium > 2.3 micrograms/mL, plasma selenium > 2.8 micrograms/mL, and hair selenium > 27 micrograms/g. Plasma, erythrocyte, and hair selenium concentrations may be useful for monitoring and preventing the toxicity of L-selenomethionine administered to humans in cancer chemoprevention trials. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Hawkes, W C AU - Willhite, C C AU - Craig, K A AU - Omaye, S T AU - Cox, D N AU - Choy, W N AU - Hendrickx, A G AD - USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, CA 94129. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 281 EP - 297 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Selenomethionine KW - 964MRK2PEL KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Erythrocytes -- chemistry KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- blood KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Selenium -- blood KW - Selenomethionine -- toxicity KW - Selenium -- urine KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Selenomethionine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73456197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+excess+selenomethionine+on+selenium+status+indicators+in+pregnant+long-tailed+macaques+%28Macaca+fascicularis%29.&rft.au=Hawkes%2C+W+C%3BWillhite%2C+C+C%3BCraig%2C+K+A%3BOmaye%2C+S+T%3BCox%2C+D+N%3BChoy%2C+W+N%3BHendrickx%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Hawkes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of an effect of multivitamins containing vitamin A on serum retinyl esters and liver function tests in healthy women. AN - 73396557; 1460182 AB - Two hundred eighty-four female adults (aged 40-70 years) were longitudinally studied to investigate the relationship between dietary supplemental vitamin A and serum biochemical markers of vitamin A toxicity. Serum retinol, retinyl esters, and retinol-binding protein (RBP), alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and bile acids were measured at baseline, 1 and 2 years. Fasting serum retinol and retinyl ester concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin A were assessed by 3-day food records. There was no difference in dietary vitamin A intake between supplement users and nonusers. In supplemental users, the mean +/- SEM supplemental vitamin A intake was 952 +/- 81 IU/day (range 250-5000 retinol equivalents/day). Serum retinol, retinyl esters, and RBP concentrations were not different between the two groups during the 2-year period. For each group, serum retinyl esters significantly increased over time (p < 0.03), but the magnitude of the increase was not different between the groups. Serum levels of retinol, retinyl esters, and RBP were not correlated with vitamin A intake or age in either group. Biochemical measures of liver damage (serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and serum bile acids) were not related to serum retinol, retinyl esters or RBP concentrations, nor were they different between nonusers and users of supplemental vitamin A. This study provides evidence that long-term supplemental vitamin A in doses commonly found in multivitamin supplements does not present a risk for hypervitaminosis A. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Johnson, E J AU - Krall, E A AU - Dawson-Hughes, B AU - Dallal, G E AU - Russell, R M AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 682 EP - 686 VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Retinoids KW - 0 KW - Retinol-Binding Proteins KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retinol-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Female KW - Vitamin A -- blood KW - Vitamin A -- administration & dosage KW - Retinoids -- blood KW - Diet KW - Liver Function Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73396557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Lack+of+an+effect+of+multivitamins+containing+vitamin+A+on+serum+retinyl+esters+and+liver+function+tests+in+healthy+women.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+J%3BKrall%2C+E+A%3BDawson-Hughes%2C+B%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of cyhalothrin and lambdacyhalothrin against Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 73389466; 1464689 AB - A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of cyhalothrin and lambdacyhalothrin as a whole-body spray and lambdacyhalothrin as a pour-on application on cattle infested with Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). A laboratory bioassay was also done with both spray formulations. Cattle were infested with all parasitic life stages of B. microplus, then treated with 0.007 or 0.01% (AI) concentrations of cyhalothrin as a spray; 0.005, 0.007, or 0.01% (AI) concentrations of lambdacyhalothrin as a spray, or 1% (AI) lambdacyhalothrin as a pour-on. As determined by calculations of the index of reproduction (IR), the 0.007 and 0.01% (AI) cyhalothrin provided 92.4 and 97.3% control, respectively; the 0.005, 0.007, and 0.01% (AI) lambdacyhalothrin provided 92.4, 98.2 (average of two treatments) and 99.3% control, respectively; and the lambdacyhalothrin pour-on treatment provided < 50% control. Bioassay results indicated lambdacyhalothrin to be twice as effective as cyhalothrin against B. microplus. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Davey, R B AU - Ahrens, E H AU - George, J E AD - Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Mission, TX 78572. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 2286 EP - 2290 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Tick Infestations -- drug therapy KW - Tick Infestations -- parasitology KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Insecticides -- therapeutic use KW - Pyrethrins -- therapeutic use KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cattle Diseases -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73389466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+cyhalothrin+and+lambdacyhalothrin+against+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Davey%2C+R+B%3BAhrens%2C+E+H%3BGeorge%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-15 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical method of determining wetland hydrology AN - 51053849; 1996-034293 JF - ASAE Publication AU - Palalay, Salvador AU - Geter, Frank AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 345 EP - 352 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI SN - 0197-1662, 0197-1662 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - Delaware KW - moisture KW - statistical analysis KW - water management KW - prediction KW - mathematical models KW - equations KW - simulation KW - evapotranspiration KW - variations KW - ground water KW - water table KW - physical properties KW - DRAINMOD KW - wetlands KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - regression analysis KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51053849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASAE+Publication&rft.atitle=Analytical+method+of+determining+wetland+hydrology&rft.au=Palalay%2C+Salvador%3BGeter%2C+Frank%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Palalay&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=0929355342&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASAE+Publication&rft.issn=01971662&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international drainage symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; Delaware; DRAINMOD; equations; evapotranspiration; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; mathematical models; moisture; monitoring; physical properties; prediction; regression analysis; simulation; soils; statistical analysis; United States; variations; water management; water table; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonality in the mineral stability of a subalpine Spodosol AN - 50331972; 1993-027385 JF - Soil Science AU - Zabowski, D AU - Ugolini, F C Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 497 EP - 507 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 154 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - soils KW - silicates KW - subalpine environment KW - Washington KW - terrestrial environment KW - volcanic rocks KW - igneous rocks KW - clay mineralogy KW - stability KW - King County Washington KW - aqueous solutions KW - Findley Lake basin KW - weathering KW - Spodosols KW - western Washington KW - clay minerals KW - Cascade Range KW - pyroclastics KW - Cryohumods KW - phase equilibria KW - sheet silicates KW - seasonal variations KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50331972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Seasonality+in+the+mineral+stability+of+a+subalpine+Spodosol&rft.au=Zabowski%2C+D%3BUgolini%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Zabowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, 2 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; Cascade Range; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; Cryohumods; Findley Lake basin; igneous rocks; King County Washington; phase equilibria; pyroclastics; seasonal variations; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; Spodosols; stability; subalpine environment; terrestrial environment; United States; volcanic rocks; Washington; weathering; western Washington ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous nonlinear irreversible reaction and movement of solutes in soils AN - 50328581; 1993-027383 JF - Soil Science AU - Hogarth, W L AU - Parlange, J Y AU - Starr, J L Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 473 EP - 481 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 154 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - numerical models KW - porous materials KW - aqueous solutions KW - boundary conditions KW - models KW - chemical reactions KW - denitrification KW - movement KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - Eh KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50328581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+nonlinear+irreversible+reaction+and+movement+of+solutes+in+soils&rft.au=Hogarth%2C+W+L%3BParlange%2C+J+Y%3BStarr%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hogarth&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; boundary conditions; chemical reactions; denitrification; Eh; experimental studies; geochemistry; kinetics; models; movement; numerical models; porous materials; soils; solute transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-vegetation relationships in Franciscan terrain of northwestern California AN - 50308875; 1993-045690 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Popenoe, J H AU - Bevis, K A AU - Gordon, B R AU - Sturhan, N K AU - Hauxwell, D L Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 1951 EP - 1959 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - calcium KW - succession KW - Spermatophyta KW - terrestrial environment KW - Coniferales KW - biogeography KW - vegetation KW - California KW - calcium ion KW - ecology KW - ion exchange KW - pH KW - soils KW - Redwood Creek KW - forests KW - alkaline earth metals KW - Plantae KW - Redwood National Park KW - patterns KW - northwestern California KW - prairies KW - Gymnospermae KW - Redwood Creek watershed KW - Coast Ranges KW - Humboldt County California KW - metals KW - parent materials KW - Angiospermae KW - changes KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50308875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil-vegetation+relationships+in+Franciscan+terrain+of+northwestern+California&rft.au=Popenoe%2C+J+H%3BBevis%2C+K+A%3BGordon%2C+B+R%3BSturhan%2C+N+K%3BHauxwell%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Popenoe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 13 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; Angiospermae; biogeography; calcium; calcium ion; California; changes; Coast Ranges; Coniferales; ecology; forests; Gymnospermae; Humboldt County California; ion exchange; metals; northwestern California; parent materials; patterns; pH; Plantae; prairies; Redwood Creek; Redwood Creek watershed; Redwood National Park; soils; Spermatophyta; succession; terrestrial environment; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration and validation of a soil-landscape model for predicting soil drainage class AN - 50305489; 1993-045686 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Bell, James C AU - Cunningham, Robert L AU - Havens, Matthew W Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 1860 EP - 1866 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - drainage KW - statistical analysis KW - mathematical models KW - mapping KW - digital terrain models KW - Mifflin County Pennsylvania KW - models KW - Juniata County Pennsylvania KW - classification KW - water regimes KW - Mifflintown Quadrangle KW - geomorphology KW - Pennsylvania KW - landscapes KW - south-central Pennsylvania KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50305489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Calibration+and+validation+of+a+soil-landscape+model+for+predicting+soil+drainage+class&rft.au=Bell%2C+James+C%3BCunningham%2C+Robert+L%3BHavens%2C+Matthew+W&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; digital terrain models; drainage; geomorphology; Juniata County Pennsylvania; landscapes; mapping; mathematical models; Mifflin County Pennsylvania; Mifflintown Quadrangle; models; pedogenesis; Pennsylvania; soils; south-central Pennsylvania; statistical analysis; United States; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geogrid slope stabilization on dams AN - 50065066; 1996-017075 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Scheib, Wendell L AU - Judy, Richard L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 6 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - embankments KW - Wheeling West Virginia KW - Ohio County West Virginia KW - watersheds KW - techniques KW - geomembranes KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - dams KW - slope stability KW - construction KW - design KW - construction materials KW - West Virginia KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50065066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Geogrid+slope+stabilization+on+dams&rft.au=Scheib%2C+Wendell+L%3BJudy%2C+Richard+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Scheib&rft.aufirst=Wendell&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=1992&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2599 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction; construction materials; dams; design; embankments; erosion control; geomembranes; hydrology; Ohio County West Virginia; runoff; slope stability; techniques; United States; watersheds; West Virginia; Wheeling West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sinkhole reclamation in limestone areas AN - 50063836; 1996-017060 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Schuetz, Frederick H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 7 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992 KW - United States KW - protection KW - limestone KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - reclamation KW - pollution KW - chemical waste KW - Nittany Valley KW - Clinton County Pennsylvania KW - preventive measures KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - sedimentary rocks KW - infiltration KW - agrochemicals KW - sinkholes KW - industrial waste KW - waste disposal KW - Pennsylvania KW - carbonate rocks KW - solution features KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50063836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Sinkhole+reclamation+in+limestone+areas&rft.au=Schuetz%2C+Frederick+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Schuetz&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=1992&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2559 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; carbonate rocks; chemical waste; Clinton County Pennsylvania; ground water; industrial waste; infiltration; limestone; monitoring; Nittany Valley; Pennsylvania; pollution; preventive measures; protection; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; sinkholes; solution features; United States; waste disposal; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - USDA Agricultural Research Service porous media research AN - 50062617; 1996-017054 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Rawls, W J AU - Bosch, D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 23 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992 KW - United States KW - soils KW - programs KW - government agencies KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - preferential flow KW - research KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - ground water KW - models KW - spatial variations KW - transport KW - infiltration KW - frozen ground KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50062617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=USDA+Agricultural+Research+Service+porous+media+research&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BBosch%2C+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=1992&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2544 and 92-2548 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; frozen ground; government agencies; ground water; infiltration; land use; models; pollution; porous materials; preferential flow; programs; research; soil management; soils; spatial variations; transport; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the WEPP model to surface mining AN - 50062564; 1996-017042 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Elliot, W J AU - Bonta, J AU - Wu, J AU - Vimmerstedt, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 17 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - mining KW - mines KW - erosion KW - surface mining KW - rills KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - reclamation KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - water erosion KW - models KW - computer programs KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - sensitivity analysis KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50062564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+WEPP+model+to+surface+mining&rft.au=Elliot%2C+W+J%3BBonta%2C+J%3BWu%2C+J%3BVimmerstedt%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=1992&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2513 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; data processing; erodibility; erosion; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; mines; mining; models; reclamation; rills; runoff; sensitivity analysis; soil erosion; soil management; soils; surface mining; Universal Soil Loss Equation; water erosion; Water Erosion Prediction Project; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical amendments for erosion control AN - 50062230; 1996-017061 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Norton, L D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 9 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - weathering crust KW - experimental studies KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - sulfates KW - erosion KW - rills KW - rainfall KW - simulation KW - laboratory studies KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mineral composition KW - infiltration KW - gypsum KW - erosion control KW - chemical properties KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50062230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Chemical+amendments+for+erosion+control&rft.au=Norton%2C+L+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=1992&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2562 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical properties; chemically precipitated rocks; erosion; erosion control; experimental studies; gypsum; hydrology; infiltration; laboratory studies; land use; mineral composition; rainfall; rills; sedimentary rocks; simulation; soil erosion; soils; sulfates; weathering crust; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constructed wetland site design and installation AN - 50058331; 1996-017097 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Ulmer, Ross AU - Cathcart, Thomas AU - Strong, Lon AU - Pote, Jonathan AU - Davis, Sam AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 4 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992 KW - wells KW - United States KW - monitoring KW - Newton County Mississippi KW - Mississippi KW - water management KW - observation wells KW - ground water KW - ponds KW - constructed wetlands KW - wetlands KW - water treatment KW - basin management KW - waste disposal KW - water resources KW - construction KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50058331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Constructed+wetland+site+design+and+installation&rft.au=Ulmer%2C+Ross%3BCathcart%2C+Thomas%3BStrong%2C+Lon%3BPote%2C+Jonathan%3BDavis%2C+Sam%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ulmer&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=1992&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-4528 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basin management; constructed wetlands; construction; ground water; Mississippi; monitoring; Newton County Mississippi; observation wells; ponds; United States; waste disposal; water management; water resources; water treatment; wells; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of a gene from Aspergillus parasiticus associated with the conversion of versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AN - 73500436; 1339261 AB - DNA isolated from the wild-type aflatoxin-producing (Afl+) fungus Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 5862 was used to construct a cosmid genomic DNA library employing the homologous gene (pyrG) encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase for selection of fungal transformants. The cosmid library was transformed into an Afl- mutant, A. parasiticus CS10 (ver-1 wh-1 pyrG), deficient in the conversion of the aflatoxin biosynthetic intermediate versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin. One pyrG+ Afl+ transformant was identified. DNA fragments from this transformant, recovered by marker rescue, contained part of the cosmid vector including the pyrG gene, the ampr gene, and a piece of the original genomic insert DNA. Transformation of these rescued DNA fragments into A. parasiticus CS10 resulted in production of wild-type levels of aflatoxin and abundant formation of sclerotia. The gene responsible for this complementation (ver-1) was identified by Northern RNA analysis and transformation with subcloned DNA fragments. The approximate locations of transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites of ver-1 were determined by an RNase protection assay and cDNA sequence analysis. The predicted amino acid sequence, deduced from the ver-1 genomic and cDNA nucleotide sequences, was compared with the EMBL and GenBank data bases. The search revealed striking similarity with Streptomyces ketoreductases involved in polyketide biosynthesis. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Skory, C D AU - Chang, P K AU - Cary, J AU - Linz, J E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179-0687. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 3527 EP - 3537 VL - 58 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - pyrG1 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Anthraquinones KW - Genetic Markers KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Sterigmatocystin KW - 10048-13-2 KW - versicolorin A KW - 6807-96-1 KW - Orotidine-5'-Phosphate Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Markers -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Cosmids -- genetics KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Orotidine-5'-Phosphate Decarboxylase -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Gene Library KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Sterigmatocystin -- biosynthesis KW - Anthraquinones -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73500436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+gene+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus+associated+with+the+conversion+of+versicolorin+A+to+sterigmatocystin+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D%3BChang%2C+P+K%3BCary%2C+J%3BLinz%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - pyrG1 N1 - Genetic sequence - M55230; GENBANK; M55231; X58725; M91369; M55234; M80353; M55232; M80354; M55233; X58726 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mycopathologia. 1990 Apr;110(1):31-5 [2352549] J Bacteriol. 1986 Oct;168(1):257-69 [2428809] EMBO J. 1989 Sep;8(9):2717-25 [2583128] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Oct;55(10):2561-8 [2690735] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1593-5 [3116928] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Gene. 1987;53(2-3):275-81 [3301536] Sabouraudia. 1973 Nov;11(3):235-41 [4203153] Can J Microbiol. 1984 Jan;30(1):68-73 [6424919] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Aug;40(2):333-6 [6781404] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Curr Genet. 1992 Mar;21(3):231-3 [1563048] Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Nov;230(1-2):288-94 [1745237] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):291-306 [2017214] Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:5-36 [2088177] Mycopathologia. 1990 Jul;111(1):39-45 [2233978] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jan 15;166(1):38-42 [2405850] Gene. 1988 Dec 30;74(2):305-20 [2469622] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 May-Jun;18(3):429-33 [2730159] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1977 Jul;60(4):791-4 [893302] J Agric Food Chem. 1975 Nov-Dec;23(6):1132-4 [1194578] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Feb;58(2):455-60 [1610169] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Dec;230(3):401-12 [1766437] FASEB J. 1991 Sep;5(12):2623 [1916085] Mol Microbiol. 1990 Oct;4(10):1679-91 [2077356] Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:37-66 [2088174] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Nov;56(11):3315-20 [2176447] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Nov 11;18(21):6435 [2243795] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1988 Nov-Dec;71(6):1075-81 [3071526] Eur J Biochem. 1988 Jun 15;174(3):485-90 [3134196] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] Mycopathologia. 1987 Feb;97(2):93-6 [3574436] Nature. 1984 Aug 16-22;310(5978):589-92 [6431300] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Active Mutator elements suppress the knotted phenotype and increase recombination at the Kn1-O tandem duplication. AN - 73456386; 1334895 AB - The KNOTTED-1 (KN1) locus is defined by a number of dominant mutations that affect leaf development. The Kn1-O mutation is characterized by outpocketings of tissue along lateral veins of the maize leaf and by displacement of ligule tissue from the junction of the blade and sheath into the blade. Kn1-O results from a tandem duplication of 17 kb; each repeat includes the entire 8-kb KN1 transcription unit. Mutator (Mu) transposable elements inserted at the junction of the two repeats diminish the mutant phenotype. The Mu insertions affect the Kn1-O mutation in several distinctive ways. (1) Two of the three Mu elements, a Mu1 and a Mu8 element, diminish the mutant phenotype only when active as indicated by hypomethylation; when methylated or inactive, the phenotype is comparable to the Kn1-O progenitor. (2) Additional rearrangements have arisen in these derivatives that further reduce the mutant phenotype. (3) A 100-2000-fold increase in the loss of one repeat occurs in the presence of Mu elements as compared to Kn1-O without elements. The high frequency of loss only occurs when the Mu elements are hypomethylated. The frequency is also influenced by the specific allele carried at the same locus on the homologous chromosome. Reciprocal exchange of flanking markers does not accompany the loss events. Various recombination models that address the events occurring at Kn1-O are presented. JF - Genetics AU - Lowe, B AU - Mathern, J AU - Hake, S AD - USDA-ARS Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 813 EP - 822 VL - 132 IS - 3 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - ADH1 KW - Adh1-F KW - Adh1-F6 KW - Adh1-S KW - KN1 KW - Kn1-O KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Gene Conversion KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - Multigene Family KW - Models, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Methylation KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Genes, Dominant KW - Suppression, Genetic -- genetics KW - Recombination, Genetic -- genetics KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73456386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Active+Mutator+elements+suppress+the+knotted+phenotype+and+increase+recombination+at+the+Kn1-O+tandem+duplication.&rft.au=Lowe%2C+B%3BMathern%2C+J%3BHake%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - ADH1; Adh1-F; Adh1-F6; Adh1-S; KN1; Kn1-O N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genetics. 1991 Sep;129(1):261-70 [1657702] Genes Dev. 1990 Mar;4(3):331-43 [2159936] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):174-8 [3025852] J Basic Microbiol. 1988;28(3):147-60 [3057171] Annu Rev Genet. 1988;22:147-68 [3071247] Curr Genet. 1987;12(1):1-7 [3329573] Genetics. 1985 Feb;109(2):303-32 [3882522] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6354-8 [6273866] Cell. 1983 May;33(1):25-35 [6380756] EMBO J. 1985 Mar;4(3):585-90 [15926218] EMBO J. 1989 Jan;8(1):15-22 [16453866] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Feb;51(2):147-50 [16591137] Genetics. 1987 Feb;115(2):353-61 [17246371] Genetics. 1971 Mar;67(3):427-36 [17248520] Science. 1923 Jun 29;57(1487):746-7 [17788502] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Nov 25;18(22):6725 [2251152] Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Jul;222(2-3):304-10 [2274032] Nature. 1989 Mar 2;338(6210):35-9 [2537472] Cell. 1989 May 5;57(3):459-67 [2541914] Genetics. 1987 Sep;117(1):117-37 [2822531] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9153-7 [2848256] EMBO J. 1985 Apr;4(4):869-76 [2990910] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1767-71 [3006070] Genetics. 1986 Nov;114(3):1007-21 [3025058] Adv Genet. 1992;30:77-122 [1333722] Genetics. 1991 May;128(1):163-73 [1648001] Science. 1991 Sep 6;253(5024):1110-7 [1653452] Nature. 1991 Mar 21;350(6315):241-3 [1672445] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10198-202 [1719548] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Feb 11;19(3):579-84 [1849263] Trends Genet. 1991 Mar;7(3):86-90 [1851585] Cell. 1990 Aug 10;62(3):515-25 [2165865] Genetics. 1990 Jul;125(3):623-31 [2165968] Genetics. 1992 Apr;130(4):889-98 [1316302] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3502-6 [1849660] Genetics. 1991 Dec;129(4):1085-98 [1783293] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of feeding ponderosa pine needles during pregnancy: comparative studies with bison, cattle, goats, and sheep. AN - 73391128; 1459912 AB - Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding dried pine needles (Pinus ponderosa; PN) on the abortion rate of ruminants. In Exp. 1, cattle were fed 5.4 kg of PN daily for 21 d starting at 116, 167, 215, or 254 d of pregnancy. The PN did not cause abortions when started at 116 d; thereafter, the percentage of cows that aborted increased linearly, and the interval to abortion decreased linearly (both P < .01); all cows fed PN beginning at 254 d aborted. In Exp. 2, cattle were fed .7, 1.4, or 2.7 kg of PN for 21 d or 2.7 kg for 1 or 3 d. Sheep and goats were fed .8 and .5 kg of PN, respectively, starting at 121 d of pregnancy. The PN induced some abortions in cattle when fed for 1 (11%) or 3 (30%) d, but the abortion rate was greater (P < .01) when the PN were fed for longer periods of time (80, 90, and 100% aborted in 19, 17, and 10 d for .7-, 1.4-, and 2.7-kg doses, respectively). No goats or sheep aborted in response to PN feeding. Pregnancy rates during the next breeding season for cows that aborted in response to the PN were slightly higher than rates for control cows (94 vs 87%). In Exp. 3, buffalo (Bison bison) and cattle were fed 2.25 kg of PN from the same collection. Abortions were induced in all buffalo and cattle that were fed PN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Short, R E AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Staigmiller, R B AU - Bellows, R A AU - Malcolm, J AU - Ford, S P AD - Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 3498 EP - 3504 VL - 70 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Goat Diseases -- etiology KW - Goats KW - Random Allocation KW - Sheep KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Eating KW - Animal Feed KW - Cattle KW - Bison KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- etiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Ruminants KW - Plant Poisoning -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73391128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+feeding+ponderosa+pine+needles+during+pregnancy%3A+comparative+studies+with+bison%2C+cattle%2C+goats%2C+and+sheep.&rft.au=Short%2C+R+E%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BStaigmiller%2C+R+B%3BBellows%2C+R+A%3BMalcolm%2C+J%3BFord%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Short&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agglutination of lung surfactant with glucan. AN - 73371655; 1463675 AB - Respirable cotton dust, implicated in the pathogenesis of byssinosis, contains a number of bioactive compounds. These include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tannins, bacterial peptides, byssinosin, iacinilene C, and 1,3-beta-D-glucan. The exact aetiological agent of byssinosis in such dust has not been definitively identified nor has its mechanism of action on lower lung surfaces been determined. In the present study 1,3-beta-D-glucan, Enterobacter agglomerans LPS, and ovine pulmonary surfactant were mixed in varying combinations. After incubation, their characteristics were determined by sucrose density centrifugation, TLC, and carbohydrate analysis. Precipitates were found in mixtures containing surfactant-glucan and surfactant-glucan-LPS, but not in surfactant-LPS. Precipitates were not seen in the surfactant, LPS, and glucan controls. The formation of a precipitate did not increase the density of the surfactant glucan mixture when compared by density gradient centrifugation with the surfactant control. The interaction between surfactant and glucan was analysed by molecular modelling. The energy of a surfactant-glucan complex (60.07 kcal/mol) was calculated to be much lower than the sum of glucan (47.09 kcal/mol) and surfactant (30.98 kcal/mol) when added separately. The results indicate that 1,3-beta-D-glucan does interact with surfactant and this complex may play a part in the pathogenesis of byssinosis by altering lung physiology maintained by pulmonary surfactant. JF - British journal of industrial medicine AU - De Lucca, A J AU - Brogden, K A AU - French, A D AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 755 EP - 760 VL - 49 IS - 11 SN - 0007-1072, 0007-1072 KW - Glucans KW - 0 KW - Immunologic Factors KW - Pulmonary Surfactants KW - beta-Glucans KW - beta-1,3-glucan KW - 9051-97-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Centrifugation, Density Gradient KW - Animals KW - Agglutination KW - Sheep KW - Byssinosis -- etiology KW - Glucans -- pharmacology KW - Pulmonary Surfactants -- chemistry KW - Immunologic Factors -- pharmacology KW - Immunologic Factors -- chemistry KW - Glucans -- chemistry KW - Pulmonary Surfactants -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73371655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Agglutination+of+lung+surfactant+with+glucan.&rft.au=De+Lucca%2C+A+J%3BBrogden%2C+K+A%3BFrench%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=De+Lucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=00071072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1979 Jul;26(1):67-81 [385870] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1977 Mar;115(3):531-6 [576571] Br J Ind Med. 1960 Oct;17:304-6 [13778564] Br J Ind Med. 1961 Apr;18:120-9 [13734460] Can J Biochem Physiol. 1959 Jan;37(1):91-102 [13618766] J Clin Invest. 1982 Sep;70(3):673-83 [6896715] J Clin Invest. 1981 Feb;67(2):370-5 [6780608] Ann Intern Med. 1984 Aug;101(2):157-63 [6742645] Intensive Care Med. 1977 Apr;3(1):27-30 [577213] Ann Occup Hyg. 1978 Dec;21(3):239-50 [751550] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1991 May;59(4):215-23 [1883227] Br J Ind Med. 1991 Jan;48(1):41-7 [1993159] Adv Exp Med Biol. 1990;256:215-23 [2183551] Lung. 1985;163(5):275-303 [2999522] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Jan;135(1):83-6 [3541718] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Sep;44(9):577-9 [3663524] Am J Vet Res. 1986 Apr;47(4):727-9 [3754402] Infect Immun. 1986 Jun;52(3):644-9 [3754848] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Jan 9;896(1):77-88 [3790589] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Mar;43(3):182-7 [3947581] J Bacteriol. 1985 Jun;162(3):1142-50 [3997776] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 1773 colonial soils map of Georgia AN - 52773790; 1997-009714 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - MacFie, T G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 307 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - soils KW - soil group KW - history KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - mapping KW - Georgia KW - vegetation KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52773790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=A+1773+colonial+soils+map+of+Georgia&rft.au=MacFie%2C+T+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=MacFie&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Georgia; history; mapping; soil group; soil surveys; soils; surveys; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Criterion for recognizing and mapping erosion surfaces in residual landscapes AN - 52773653; 1997-009676 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Daniels, R B AU - Schonenberger, P AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 300 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - North America KW - valleys KW - erosion surfaces KW - channels KW - Appalachians KW - morphometry KW - mapping KW - erosion features KW - saprolite KW - sedimentary rocks KW - landscapes KW - clastic rocks KW - Piedmont KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52773653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Criterion+for+recognizing+and+mapping+erosion+surfaces+in+residual+landscapes&rft.au=Daniels%2C+R+B%3BSchonenberger%2C+P%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; channels; clastic rocks; erosion features; erosion surfaces; landscapes; mapping; morphometry; North America; Piedmont; saprolite; sedimentary rocks; valleys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil carbon in an area in southern New Mexico AN - 52768364; 1997-009688 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Grossman, R B AU - Ahrens, R J AU - Gile, L J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 302 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Rio Grande KW - organic materials KW - experimental studies KW - southern New Mexico KW - New Mexico KW - pedons KW - organic compounds KW - carbon KW - parent materials KW - organic carbon KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52768364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Soil+carbon+in+an+area+in+southern+New+Mexico&rft.au=Grossman%2C+R+B%3BAhrens%2C+R+J%3BGile%2C+L+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; experimental studies; New Mexico; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; parent materials; pedons; Rio Grande; soils; southern New Mexico; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil genesis on the Cheyenne Tableland in southeastern Wyoming AN - 52766505; 1997-009756 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - White, J A AU - Stevenson, A AU - Nettleton, W D AU - Wysocki, D AU - Munn, L C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 316 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - terrestrial environment KW - micromorphology KW - physicochemical properties KW - semi-arid environment KW - uplands KW - Ogallala Formation KW - Arikaree Group KW - Paleogene KW - pedons KW - Miocene KW - morphology KW - Cenozoic KW - Wyoming KW - Tertiary KW - Neogene KW - southeastern Wyoming KW - White River Group KW - parent materials KW - Cheyenne Tableland KW - Oligocene KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52766505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Soil+genesis+on+the+Cheyenne+Tableland+in+southeastern+Wyoming&rft.au=White%2C+J+A%3BStevenson%2C+A%3BNettleton%2C+W+D%3BWysocki%2C+D%3BMunn%2C+L+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arikaree Group; Cenozoic; Cheyenne Tableland; micromorphology; Miocene; morphology; Neogene; Ogallala Formation; Oligocene; Paleogene; parent materials; pedogenesis; pedons; physicochemical properties; semi-arid environment; soils; southeastern Wyoming; terrestrial environment; Tertiary; United States; uplands; White River Group; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) technology; revolutionizing the methods and philosophy for soil survey AN - 52764377; 1997-009683 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Gabriel, W J AU - Loomis, L E AU - Golden, M L AU - Wright, P N AU - Steers, C A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 302 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - mapping KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - geographic information systems KW - SSURGO KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - Soil Survey Geographic Database KW - digitization KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52764377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Soil+Survey+Geographic+Database+%28SSURGO%29+technology%3B+revolutionizing+the+methods+and+philosophy+for+soil+survey&rft.au=Gabriel%2C+W+J%3BLoomis%2C+L+E%3BGolden%2C+M+L%3BWright%2C+P+N%3BSteers%2C+C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gabriel&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; digitization; geographic information systems; government agencies; hydrology; information systems; mapping; Soil Survey Geographic Database; soils; SSURGO; U. S. Department of Agriculture; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yosemite Valley's Royal Arches Meadow as a stage in floodplain landscape evolution AN - 52761939; 1997-009734 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Rule, J AU - Tugel, A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 312 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - floodplains KW - landform evolution KW - natural dams KW - California KW - mass movements KW - dams KW - Royal Arches Meadow KW - fluvial features KW - Yosemite National Park KW - rockslides KW - Mirror Lake KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52761939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Yosemite+Valley%27s+Royal+Arches+Meadow+as+a+stage+in+floodplain+landscape+evolution&rft.au=Rule%2C+J%3BTugel%2C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Rule&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; dams; floodplains; fluvial features; landform evolution; mass movements; Mirror Lake; natural dams; rockslides; Royal Arches Meadow; United States; Yosemite National Park ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water and solute movement through soil and underlying regolith AN - 52761636; 1997-009735 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Schoeneberger, P J AU - Amoozegar, A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 312 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - water quality KW - rates KW - regolith KW - porosity KW - pedons KW - ground water KW - flows KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52761636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Water+and+solute+movement+through+soil+and+underlying+regolith&rft.au=Schoeneberger%2C+P+J%3BAmoozegar%2C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Schoeneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flows; ground water; pedons; porosity; rates; regolith; soils; solute transport; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of antecedent water state on soil dispersion by agitation AN - 52761542; 1997-009691 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Harms, D S AU - Grossman, R B AU - Burt, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 303 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - clay KW - experimental studies KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - chemical dispersion KW - sedimentation KW - soil treatment KW - water erosion KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52761542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+antecedent+water+state+on+soil+dispersion+by+agitation&rft.au=Harms%2C+D+S%3BGrossman%2C+R+B%3BBurt%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Harms&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical dispersion; clastic sediments; clay; erosion; experimental studies; sedimentation; sediments; soil treatment; soils; solute transport; water erosion; Water Erosion Prediction Project ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of uncertainty in soil interpretations AN - 52761214; 1997-009718 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Mays, M D AU - Bogardi, I AU - Bardossy, A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 308 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - soils KW - fuzzy logic KW - Saunders County Nebraska KW - Nebraska KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52761214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+uncertainty+in+soil+interpretations&rft.au=Mays%2C+M+D%3BBogardi%2C+I%3BBardossy%2C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fuzzy logic; Nebraska; Saunders County Nebraska; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cemented-pan soils of Olympic Peninsula, Washington AN - 52761014; 1997-009758 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Wilson, M A AU - Burt, R AU - Engel, R J AU - Sobecki, T M AU - Hipple, K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 316 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Washington KW - soil profiles KW - density KW - micromorphology KW - rainfall KW - pan soils KW - moisture KW - cementation KW - phosphorus KW - solution KW - pedons KW - Andosols KW - Olympic Peninsula KW - Coast Ranges KW - diagenesis KW - horizons KW - Olympic Mountains KW - climate KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52761014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Cemented-pan+soils+of+Olympic+Peninsula%2C+Washington&rft.au=Wilson%2C+M+A%3BBurt%2C+R%3BEngel%2C+R+J%3BSobecki%2C+T+M%3BHipple%2C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Andosols; cementation; climate; Coast Ranges; density; diagenesis; horizons; hydrology; micromorphology; moisture; Olympic Mountains; Olympic Peninsula; pan soils; pedons; phosphorus; rainfall; soil profiles; soils; solute transport; solution; United States; Washington ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil formation in Sunset Crater Tephra, north central Arizona AN - 52760856; 1997-009692 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Hendricks, D M AU - Miller, G J AU - Subrige, T G AU - Prevose, D J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 303 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Ustorthents KW - Sunset Crater Tephra KW - pedogenesis KW - Coconino County Arizona KW - volcanic rocks KW - igneous rocks KW - vegetation KW - pyroclastics KW - San Francisco Peaks KW - Arizona KW - Haploborolls KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52760856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Soil+formation+in+Sunset+Crater+Tephra%2C+north+central+Arizona&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+D+M%3BMiller%2C+G+J%3BSubrige%2C+T+G%3BPrevose%2C+D+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; Coconino County Arizona; Haploborolls; igneous rocks; pedogenesis; pyroclastics; San Francisco Peaks; soils; Sunset Crater Tephra; United States; Ustorthents; vegetation; volcanic rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of a standardized particle-size control section AN - 52760835; 1997-009659 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Ahrens, R J AU - Engel, R J AU - Witty, J E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 297 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - soil group KW - ICOMFAM KW - Ultisols KW - grain size KW - data processing KW - standardization KW - International Committee on Families KW - soil sampling KW - Alfisols KW - Argids KW - classification KW - data bases KW - horizons KW - Mollisols KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52760835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+a+standardized+particle-size+control+section&rft.au=Ahrens%2C+R+J%3BEngel%2C+R+J%3BWitty%2C+J+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ahrens&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; Argids; classification; data bases; data processing; grain size; horizons; ICOMFAM; International Committee on Families; Mollisols; soil group; soil sampling; soils; standardization; Ultisols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Documenting landscape continua and discontinua in soil survey AN - 52760725; 1997-009713 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Loomis, L E AU - Gabriel, W J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 307 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Edwards County Texas KW - Texas KW - mapping KW - applications KW - landscapes KW - Real County Texas KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52760725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Documenting+landscape+continua+and+discontinua+in+soil+survey&rft.au=Loomis%2C+L+E%3BGabriel%2C+W+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Loomis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; Edwards County Texas; landscapes; mapping; Real County Texas; soils; Texas; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lithologic continuity and taxonomic placement of Monadnock soils AN - 52760468; 1997-009701 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Kelsea, R J AU - Evans, C V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 305 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - Orthods KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - Deering New Hampshire KW - till KW - Spodosols KW - pedons KW - New Hampshire KW - Monadnocks KW - mineral composition KW - loam KW - classification KW - sediments KW - Hillsborough County New Hampshire KW - Haplorthods KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52760468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Lithologic+continuity+and+taxonomic+placement+of+Monadnock+soils&rft.au=Kelsea%2C+R+J%3BEvans%2C+C+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kelsea&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; clastic sediments; Deering New Hampshire; grain size; Haplorthods; Hillsborough County New Hampshire; loam; micromorphology; mineral composition; Monadnocks; New Hampshire; Orthods; pedogenesis; pedons; sediments; soils; Spodosols; till; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of hydric soils for wetland identification AN - 50099670; 1996-008944 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Mausbach, M J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 48 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - water KW - soils KW - factors KW - wetlands KW - saturation KW - drainage KW - classification KW - taxonomy KW - vegetation KW - permeability KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50099670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Classification+of+hydric+soils+for+wetland+identification&rft.au=Mausbach%2C+M+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mausbach&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; drainage; factors; permeability; saturation; soils; taxonomy; vegetation; water; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine and degradates in groundwater beneath continuous corn under no-till management AN - 50086434; 1996-008928 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Jayachandran, K AU - Steinheimer, T R AU - Somasundaram, L AU - Kanwar, R S AU - Moorman, T B AU - Coats, J R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 45 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - solute transport KW - concentration KW - Plantae KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - agrochemicals KW - tillage KW - seasonal variations KW - pesticides KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50086434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Atrazine+and+degradates+in+groundwater+beneath+continuous+corn+under+no-till+management&rft.au=Jayachandran%2C+K%3BSteinheimer%2C+T+R%3BSomasundaram%2C+L%3BKanwar%2C+R+S%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BCoats%2C+J+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jayachandran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; atrazine; concentration; degradation; ground water; herbicides; organic compounds; pesticides; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; remediation; seasonal variations; soil management; solute transport; tillage; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crop system effects on ground water quality in the northern Corn Belt sand plains AN - 50083972; 1996-008872 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Anderson, J L AU - Delin, G N AU - Dowdy, R H AU - Lamb, J A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 31 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - sand KW - concentration KW - Plantae KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - effects KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - agrochemicals KW - sediments KW - pesticides KW - Midwest KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50083972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Crop+system+effects+on+ground+water+quality+in+the+northern+Corn+Belt+sand+plains&rft.au=Anderson%2C+J+L%3BDelin%2C+G+N%3BDowdy%2C+R+H%3BLamb%2C+J+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; clastic sediments; concentration; effects; ground water; herbicides; irrigation; Midwest; pesticides; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; sand; sediments; soils; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of runoff and leaching losses between organic and inorganic agrochemicals AN - 50078472; 1996-008888 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Burgoa, B AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Davis-Carter, J G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 34 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 84 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - organic materials KW - hydrology KW - sand KW - fertilizers KW - experimental studies KW - clastic sediments KW - halogens KW - bromide ion KW - bromine KW - inorganic materials KW - organic compounds KW - time factor KW - agrochemicals KW - runoff KW - tracers KW - sediments KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50078472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+runoff+and+leaching+losses+between+organic+and+inorganic+agrochemicals&rft.au=Burgoa%2C+B%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BDavis-Carter%2C+J+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Burgoa&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 annual meetings; American Society of Agronomy, 84th annual meeting; Crop Science Society of America; Soil Science Society of America; Clay Minerals Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; bromide ion; bromine; clastic sediments; experimental studies; fertilizers; halogens; hydrology; inorganic materials; leaching; organic compounds; organic materials; pesticides; runoff; sand; sediments; time factor; tracers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) with glue-toxin traps. AN - 73218323; 1401478 AB - Glue that contained an insecticide was evaluated for its ability to yield useful toxicological data for German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). Toxicities of three classes of insecticides were evaluated by topical applications (LD50) and exposure to insecticide-impregnated glue (LC50). Cockroaches that were resistant to topical insecticide applications were also resistant to the glue formulation. Reliability was greatest when mortality was scored 40 to 48 h after the cockroaches were placed on the glue. This method should be adaptable for insecticide resistance monitoring of German cockroaches. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Moss, J I AU - Patterson, R S AU - Koehler, P G AD - USDA-ARS, Medical & Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, Gainesville, FL 32604. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 1601 EP - 1605 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Adhesives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Male KW - Cockroaches KW - Insecticide Resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73218323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+insecticide+resistance+in+the+German+cockroach+%28Dictyoptera%3A+Blattellidae%29+with+glue-toxin+traps.&rft.au=Moss%2C+J+I%3BPatterson%2C+R+S%3BKoehler%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Database of unsaturated soil hydraulic properties AN - 52776878; 1996-080090 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Leij, Feike J AU - Alves, William J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 156 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 73 IS - 43, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - soils KW - processes KW - movement KW - data processing KW - data bases KW - unsaturated zone KW - applications KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52776878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Database+of+unsaturated+soil+hydraulic+properties&rft.au=Leij%2C+Feike+J%3BAlves%2C+William+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Leij&rft.aufirst=Feike&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=43%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1992 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; data bases; data processing; hydraulic conductivity; movement; processes; soils; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heritability of fumonisin B1 production in Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A. AN - 73325033; 1444389 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by strains belonging to several different mating populations of Gibberella fujikuroi (anamorphs, Fusarium section Liseola), a major pathogen of maize and sorghum worldwide. We studied the heritability of fumonisin production in mating population A by crossing fumonisin-producing strains collected from maize and sorghum in the United States with fumonisin-nonproducing strains collected from maize in Nepal. Random ascospore and tetrad progeny from three of these crosses were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography for their ability to produce fumonisins on autoclaved cracked maize. In all three crosses, the ability to produce fumonisins, predominately fumonisin B1, segregated as a single gene or group of closely linked genes. Intercrosses between appropriate progeny and parents were poorly fertile, so we could not determine if the apparent single genes that were segregating in each of these crosses were allelic with one another. Mating type and spore-killer traits were scored in some crosses, and each segregated, as expected, as a single gene that was unlinked to the ability to produce fumonisins. We conclude that G. fujikuroi mating population A provides a powerful genetic system for the study of this important fungal toxin. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Shackelford, D D AU - Leslie, J F AU - Nelson, P E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 2799 EP - 2805 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- metabolism KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Species Specificity KW - Gibberella -- classification KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Gibberella -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73325033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Heritability+of+fumonisin+B1+production+in+Gibberella+fujikuroi+mating+population+A.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BShackelford%2C+D+D%3BLeslie%2C+J+F%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genetics. 1992 Jan;130(1):81-96 [1346261] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):17-22 [1513369] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2410-2 [1768112] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1423-9 [1854200] J Biol Chem. 1991 Aug 5;266(22):14486-90 [1860857] Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Feb;225(2):231-3 [2005864] J Vet Diagn Invest. 1990 Jul;2(3):217-21 [2094448] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Oct;56(10):3225-6 [2285324] Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1990 Dec;57(4):269-75 [2293136] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jul;54(7):1806-11 [2901247] Genetics. 1985 Dec;111(4):759-77 [2933298] Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1988 Dec;55(4):197-203 [3217091] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Jan;49(1):187-91 [3977309] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Nov;57(11):3378-82 [16348593] Genetics. 1982 Sep;102(1):19-24 [17246093] Genetics. 1988 Mar;118(3):417-23 [17246415] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):37-45 [1513373] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydric soils in xeric moisture regimes; an interpretations example AN - 50296876; 1994-000846 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Sobecki, T M AU - Herriman, R C AU - Schultze, R F A2 - DeVries, Johannes J. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 184 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 77 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - moisture KW - Sacramento Valley KW - water management KW - ground water KW - California KW - wetlands KW - interpretation KW - water resources KW - Northern California KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50296876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Hydric+soils+in+xeric+moisture+regimes%3B+an+interpretations+example&rft.au=Sobecki%2C+T+M%3BHerriman%2C+R+C%3BSchultze%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Sobecki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eighteenth biennial conference on ground water ; Changing practices in ground water management; the pros and cons of regulation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; ground water; interpretation; moisture; Northern California; Sacramento Valley; soils; United States; water management; water quality; water resources; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening procedure for soils and pesticides for potential water quality impacts AN - 50143935; 1995-034328 JF - Weed Technology AU - Goss, Don W Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 701 EP - 708 PB - Weed Science Society of America, Champaign, IL VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - concentration KW - physicochemical properties KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - solubility KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - carbon KW - runoff KW - residence time KW - sediments KW - pesticides KW - organic carbon KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50143935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Screening+procedure+for+soils+and+pesticides+for+potential+water+quality+impacts&rft.au=Goss%2C+Don+W&rft.aulast=Goss&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=701&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; aquifer vulnerability; carbon; concentration; detection; leaching; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; pesticides; physicochemical properties; pollution; residence time; runoff; sediments; soils; solubility; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short report: cefprozil for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. AN - 73300664; 1420742 AB - Helicobacter pylori infection has proven to be extraordinarily difficult to eradicate. Antimicrobial monotherapies have been particularly disappointing, with most eradication rates in the range of 0 to 15%. We evaluated cefprozil (250 mg q.d.s. for 14 days) in 12 H. pylori-infected subjects. The 13C-urea breath test was used to evaluate effectiveness of therapy. Eradication was defined as a negative urea breath test 4 to 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Suppression of H. pylori was demonstrated in 4 of 12 (33%) by a negative urea breath test two days after start of treatment. H. pylori infection was not eradicated in any subject (0%). Adverse events were intermittent and mild. Cefprozil does not appear to offer promise as monotherapy for the eradication of H. pylori. JF - Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics AU - Malaty, H AU - Klein, P D AU - Graham, D Y AD - Department of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 503 EP - 506 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0269-2813, 0269-2813 KW - Cephalosporins KW - 0 KW - cefprozil KW - 4W0459ZA4V KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Helicobacter pylori KW - Cephalosporins -- adverse effects KW - Helicobacter Infections -- drug therapy KW - Cephalosporins -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73300664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alimentary+pharmacology+%26+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Short+report%3A+cefprozil+for+the+eradication+of+Helicobacter+pylori+infection.&rft.au=Malaty%2C+H%3BKlein%2C+P+D%3BGraham%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Malaty&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alimentary+pharmacology+%26+therapeutics&rft.issn=02692813&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why understanding the natural sinks and sources of CO (sub 2) is important; a policy analysis perspective AN - 50384048; 1992-067850 JF - Water, Air and Soil Pollution AU - Edmonds, J A2 - Wisniewski, Joe A2 - Lugo, Ariel E. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 11 EP - 21 PB - Reidel, Dordrecht VL - 64 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - human activity KW - atmosphere KW - global change KW - concepts KW - carbon dioxide KW - environmental geology KW - composition KW - policy KW - ecology KW - greenhouse effect KW - global warming KW - changes KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50384048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Why+understanding+the+natural+sinks+and+sources+of+CO+%28sub+2%29+is+important%3B+a+policy+analysis+perspective&rft.au=Edmonds%2C+J&rft.aulast=Edmonds&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(hi4cjunvnzs4hnradzi0ib55)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100344,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International workshop ; Natural sinks of CO (sub 2) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WAPLAC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; carbon dioxide; changes; composition; concepts; ecology; environmental geology; global change; global warming; greenhouse effect; human activity; policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International workshop ; Natural sinks of CO (sub 2) AN - 50380363; 1992-067849 JF - Water, Air and Soil Pollution A2 - Wisniewski, Joe A2 - Lugo, Ariel E. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 466 PB - Reidel, Dordrecht VL - 64 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - symposia KW - environmental geology KW - global change KW - geochemistry KW - concepts KW - global warming KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50380363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=International+workshop+%3B+Natural+sinks+of+CO+%28sub+2%29&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(hi4cjunvnzs4hnradzi0ib55)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100344,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International workshop ; Natural sinks of CO (sub 2) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual paper within scope is cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WAPLAC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; concepts; environmental geology; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; global change; global warming; symposia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New directions for food safety: a USDA perspective. AN - 73115613; 1500316 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Cross, H R AD - US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20250. Y1 - 1992/07/15/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jul 15 SP - 240 EP - 241 VL - 201 IS - 2 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Food -- standards KW - Food Inspection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73115613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=New+directions+for+food+safety%3A+a+USDA+perspective.&rft.au=Cross%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-07-15&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum Toxicity in Roots : Correlation among Ionic Currents, Ion Fluxes, and Root Elongation in Aluminum-Sensitive and Aluminum-Tolerant Wheat Cultivars. AN - 733494038; 16668988 AB - The inhibition of root growth by aluminum (Al) is well established, yet a unifying mechanism for Al toxicity remains unclear. The association between cell growth and endogenously generated ionic currents measured in many different systems, including plant roots, suggests that these currents may be directing growth. A vibrating voltage microelectrode system was used to measure the net ionic currents at the apex of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots from Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive cultivars. We examined the relationship between these currents and Al-induced inhibition of root growth. In the Al-sensitive cultivar, Scout 66, 10 micromolar Al (pH 4.5) began to inhibit the net current and root elongation within 1 to 3 hours. These changes occurred concurrently in 75% of experiments. A significant correlation was found between current magnitude and the rate of root growth when data were pooled. No changes in either current magnitude or growth rate were observed in similar experiments using the Al-tolerant cultivar Atlas 66. Measurements with ion-selective microelectrodes suggested that H(+) influx was responsible for most of the current at the apex, with smaller contributions from Ca(2+) and Cl(-) fluxes. In 50% of experiments, Al began to inhibit the net H(+) influx in Scott 66 roots at the same time that growth was affected. However, in more than 25% of cases, Al-induced inhibition of growth rate occurred before any sustained decrease in the current or H(+) flux. Although showing a correlation between growth and current or H(+) fluxes, these data do not suggest a mechanistic association between these processes. We conclude that the inhibition of root growth by Al is not caused by the reduction in current or H(+) influx at the root apex. JF - Plant physiology AU - Ryan, P R AU - Shaff, J E AU - Kochian, L V AD - United States Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 1193 EP - 1200 VL - 99 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733494038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Aluminum+Toxicity+in+Roots+%3A+Correlation+among+Ionic+Currents%2C+Ion+Fluxes%2C+and+Root+Elongation+in+Aluminum-Sensitive+and+Aluminum-Tolerant+Wheat+Cultivars.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+P+R%3BShaff%2C+J+E%3BKochian%2C+L+V&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2010-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng. 1977;6:445-76 [326151] Microbiol Rev. 1990 Dec;54(4):381-431 [2128368] Biophys J. 1986 Apr;49(4):803-7 [2424512] J Cell Biol. 1974 Nov;63(2 Pt 1):614-28 [4421919] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1974;238:372-89 [4531270] Plant Physiol. 1979 Sep;64(3):512-8 [16661000] Plant Physiol. 1982 Oct;70(4):1079-83 [16662617] Plant Physiol. 1987 Aug;84(4):1177-84 [16665581] Plant Physiol. 1989 Apr;89(4):1198-206 [16666684] Plant Physiol. 1989 Nov;91(3):1188-96 [16667131] Plant Physiol. 1992 Jan;98(1):230-7 [16668619] Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1385-7 [17730654] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of a pectate lyase gene from the soft-rotting bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava. AN - 73162689; 1325218 AB - Pseudomonas viridiflava is a soft-rotting pathogen of harvested vegetables that produces an extracellular pectate lyase (PL) responsible for maceration of plant tissue. A pel gene encoding PL was cloned from the genome of strain SJ074 and efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli. After a series of deletion subclonings and analysis by transposon mutagenesis, the pel gene was located in a 1.2-kb PstI-BglII genomic fragment. This fragment appears to contain a promoter at the PstI end required for pel gene expression. The PL produced by pectolytic E. coli clones is identical to those produced by strain SJ074 and by other strains of P. viridiflava in terms of molecular weight (42 kDa) and pI (9.7). A mutant of strain SJ074, designated MEI, which had Tn5 specifically inserted in the pel locus was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. The MEI mutant produced 70- to 100-fold less PL than the wild type and failed to cause tissue maceration in plants. PL production and soft-rot pathogenicity in MEI and in a Pel- mutant previously isolated from strain SF312 were restored to the wild-type level by complementation in trans with the cloned pel gene. By using the 1.2-kb fragment as a probe, pel homologs were detected in four bacteria that are pathologically unrelated to P. viridiflava. These include three pathovars of P. syringae (pv. lachrymans, pv. phaseolicola, and pv. tabaci) and Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. No DNA fragments showing homology to pel of P. viridiflava were detected in genomic digests prepared from two strains of soft-rot erwinias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Liao, C H AU - Sasaki, K AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Hicks, K B AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, PA 19118. PY - 1992 SP - 301 EP - 308 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - pel KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - Pectins KW - pectin KW - 89NA02M4RX KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases KW - EC 4.2.2.- KW - pectate lyase KW - EC 4.2.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Pectins -- metabolism KW - Capsicum -- microbiology KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Solanum tuberosum -- microbiology KW - DNA Transposable Elements -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Mutagenesis KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Pseudomonas -- genetics KW - Pseudomonas -- enzymology KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- genetics KW - Pseudomonas -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73162689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+pectate+lyase+gene+from+the+soft-rotting+bacterium+Pseudomonas+viridiflava.&rft.au=Liao%2C+C+H%3BSasaki%2C+K%3BNagahashi%2C+G%3BHicks%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - pel N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soils on hillslopes in acid gray and black shales AN - 50327728; 1993-027749 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sobecki, T M AU - Karathanasis, A D Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 1218 EP - 1226 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - Fleming County Kentucky KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - slopes KW - east-central Kentucky KW - Clay City Quadrangle KW - Appalachians KW - zirconium KW - Appalachian Plateau KW - black shale KW - topography KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Knobs region KW - chemical composition KW - soils KW - Powell County Kentucky KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - Burtonville Quadrangle KW - shale KW - geomorphologic controls KW - factors KW - titanium KW - metals KW - parent materials KW - Kentucky KW - clastic rocks KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50327728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soils+on+hillslopes+in+acid+gray+and+black+shales&rft.au=Sobecki%2C+T+M%3BKarathanasis%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Sobecki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; black shale; Burtonville Quadrangle; chemical composition; clastic rocks; Clay City Quadrangle; east-central Kentucky; factors; Fleming County Kentucky; geomorphologic controls; Kentucky; Knobs region; metals; North America; parent materials; pedogenesis; Powell County Kentucky; sedimentary rocks; shale; slopes; soils; titanium; topography; United States; X-ray diffraction data; zirconium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the water-dispersible clay content of soils AN - 50327316; 1993-027750 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Brubaker, S C AU - Holzhey, C S AU - Brasher, B R Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 1226 EP - 1232 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - erosion KW - chemical dispersion KW - physicochemical properties KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - properties KW - models KW - size distribution KW - mineral composition KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - regression analysis KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50327316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+water-dispersible+clay+content+of+soils&rft.au=Brubaker%2C+S+C%3BHolzhey%2C+C+S%3BBrasher%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Brubaker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical dispersion; erodibility; erosion; grain size; methods; mineral composition; models; physicochemical properties; properties; regression analysis; size distribution; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen Leaching Sensitivity to Evapotranspiration and Soil Water Storage Estimates in EPIC AN - 19136937; 9301884 AB - Two major influences on the soil water balance-potential evapotranspiration and soil water storage capacity--are estimated in the Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model based upon soil and weather conditions. The EPIC model contains a choice of five methods to estimate potential evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith, Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves, and Modified Hargreaves). There are four methods for estimating soil water storage capacity (Ritchie, Rawls, Baumer, and Manrique). Combinations of methods of estimating these two variables were used to determine if water and nitrogen percolation loss estimates varied with the method selected. Simulations were performed for five locations throughout the United States to determine differences due to climate and soils. Consistent differences in water percolation and N leaching occurred within a given location with different potential evapotranspiration and soil water storage capacity models. Across locations, however, percolation and N leaching usually varied more with local weather and soil conditions than among estimation methods. Care should be taken to select the most appropriate models for a given location if more than relative results are needed. (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation JSWCA3, Vol. 47, No. 4, p 334-337, July/August 1992. 1 fig, 6 tab, 7 ref. AU - Benson, V W AU - Potter, K N AU - Bogusch, H C AU - Goss, D AU - Williams, J R AD - Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Temple, Texas 76502 Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - Jul 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Descriptors: *Evapotranspiration KW - *Leaching KW - *Model studies KW - *Nitrogen KW - *Nutrient transport KW - *Soil water KW - *Soil water potential KW - Evapotranspiration potential KW - Model testing KW - Path of pollutants KW - Percolation KW - Soil physical properties KW - Soil water retention KW - Weather KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19136937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+Leaching+Sensitivity+to+Evapotranspiration+and+Soil+Water+Storage+Estimates+in+EPIC&rft.au=Benson%2C+V+W%3BPotter%2C+K+N%3BBogusch%2C+H+C%3BGoss%2C+D%3BWilliams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Alachlor, Atrazine, and Metribuzin in Soil by Resin Extraction AN - 19116080; 9300427 AB - An accurate and precise procedure for simultaneous resin extraction of alachlor, atrazine, and metribuzin in soil extracts consists of three steps: (1) equilibration of resin extractors (RE) with water extracts of soil; (2) elution of pesticides from RE by using methanol; and (3) determination and confirmation of pesticide by dual-column gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection. Recovery of dissolved pesticides by anion-exchange resin, cation-exchange resin, and nonpolar resin was studied. Ion exchange resins generally adsorbed pesticides well, but showed poor desorption characteristics. The effect of solution pH and salt concentration on pesticide adsorption by a nonpolar resin was studied. Quantitative amounts of pesticide (> 95%) were adsorbed from solution by a nonpolar resin over a wide range of solution pH (2.5-10.0) and dissolved salt (0-100 mM NaCl). Pesticide adsorbed by RE ranged from 80-90%, and methanol desorbed 80-85% of adsorbed pesticides. Overall pesticide recoveries by the RE procedure were very reproducible with an average recovery of 67.7 +/-2.0%. Results obtained by the RE procedure agreed closely with those obtained by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with octadecyl (C18) fonded porous silica. Extraction time required by the RE procedure is a function of temperature and decreases from 5 d at 22 C to 2 d at 75C. The RE procedure has the same degree of precision as C18-SPE and is inexpensive. (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Quality JEVQAA, Vol. 21, No. 3, p 497-502, July-September 1992. 4 fig, 3 tab, 29 ref. AU - Basta, N T AU - Olness, A AD - USDA-ARS, North Central Soil Conservation Research Lab., Morris, MN Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - Jul 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Analytical methods KW - *Alachlor KW - *Atrazine KW - *Metribuzin KW - *Pollutant identification KW - *Soil contamination KW - Resins KW - Chemical analysis KW - *Resin extraction KW - *Pesticides KW - Organochlorine pesticides KW - *Laboratory methods KW - Gas chromatography KW - Ion-exchange resins KW - SW 3000:Water quality management and protection KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19116080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Alachlor%2C+Atrazine%2C+and+Metribuzin+in+Soil+by+Resin+Extraction&rft.au=Basta%2C+N+T%3BOlness%2C+A&rft.aulast=Basta&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The soil survey as paradigm-based science AN - 50316913; 1993-033539 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Hudson, Berman D Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 836 EP - 841 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - philosophy KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - mapping KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50316913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=The+soil+survey+as+paradigm-based+science&rft.au=Hudson%2C+Berman+D&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Berman&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mapping; philosophy; soil surveys; soils; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of two methods of sampling perched ground water for water quality AN - 50079916; 1996-012000 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Fausey, N R AU - Workman, S R AU - Logan, T J AU - Ward, A D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - United States KW - water quality KW - water management KW - nonpoint sources KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - nitrate ion KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - water supply KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - metolachlor KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - organic compounds KW - loam KW - detection KW - shallow aquifers KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50079916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+methods+of+sampling+perched+ground+water+for+water+quality&rft.au=Fausey%2C+N+R%3BWorkman%2C+S+R%3BLogan%2C+T+J%3BWard%2C+A+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fausey&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2082 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifers; detection; drainage; ground water; herbicides; hydraulic conductivity; irrigation; loam; metolachlor; nitrate ion; nonpoint sources; Ohio; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; shallow aquifers; soils; transport; United States; water management; water quality; water supply; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetative streambank protection in Court Creek watershed AN - 50076929; 1996-012004 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Evans, James L AU - Bennet, Bruce AU - Roseboom, Donald AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - United States KW - soils KW - protection KW - hydrology KW - stabilization KW - Knox County Illinois KW - Illinois KW - erosion KW - Court Creek watershed KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - water erosion KW - techniques KW - erosion features KW - vegetation KW - preventive measures KW - channelization KW - erosion control KW - waterways KW - soil erosion KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50076929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Vegetative+streambank+protection+in+Court+Creek+watershed&rft.au=Evans%2C+James+L%3BBennet%2C+Bruce%3BRoseboom%2C+Donald%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2104 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channelization; channels; Court Creek watershed; design; erosion; erosion control; erosion features; hydrology; Illinois; Knox County Illinois; preventive measures; protection; soil erosion; soils; stabilization; techniques; United States; vegetation; water erosion; watersheds; waterways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protecting water quality in developing water supply watersheds AN - 50076903; 1996-012003 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Biggerstaff, Sherman D AU - Kelley, John A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - United States KW - water quality KW - watersheds KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - agrochemicals KW - basin management KW - soils KW - protection KW - hydrology KW - programs KW - water supply KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - preventive measures KW - runoff KW - North Carolina KW - Guilford County North Carolina KW - pesticides KW - regression analysis KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50076903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Protecting+water+quality+in+developing+water+supply+watersheds&rft.au=Biggerstaff%2C+Sherman+D%3BKelley%2C+John+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Biggerstaff&rft.aufirst=Sherman&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2095 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; basin management; ground water; Guilford County North Carolina; hydrology; land use; monitoring; nonpoint sources; North Carolina; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; preventive measures; programs; protection; regression analysis; runoff; soils; statistical analysis; surface water; United States; water quality; water supply; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solute transport under water table management AN - 50076654; 1996-011996 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Coltman, Kenna M AU - Brown, Larry C AU - Fausey, Norman R AU - Logan, Terry J AU - Ward, Andy D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - solute transport KW - halogens KW - water management KW - bromide ion KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - tracers KW - sediments KW - nitrate ion KW - soils KW - concentration KW - water supply KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - silt KW - bromine KW - water table KW - loam KW - detection KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50076654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Solute+transport+under+water+table+management&rft.au=Coltman%2C+Kenna+M%3BBrown%2C+Larry+C%3BFausey%2C+Norman+R%3BLogan%2C+Terry+J%3BWard%2C+Andy+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Coltman&rft.aufirst=Kenna&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2078 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; bromide ion; bromine; clastic sediments; concentration; detection; ground water; halogens; hydraulic conductivity; loam; nitrate ion; nonpoint sources; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; sediments; silt; soils; solute transport; statistical analysis; tracers; transport; water management; water supply; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snowmelt driven subsurface flow in a heterogeneous hillslope aquifer AN - 50076608; 1996-011968 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Deng, Yueying AU - Flerchinger, Gerald N AU - Cooley, Keith R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - Idaho KW - Upper Sheep Creek KW - slopes KW - watersheds KW - potentiometric surface KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - preferential flow KW - simulation KW - two-dimensional models KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - spatial variations KW - recharge KW - infiltration KW - snow KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Snake River basin KW - Rocky Mountains KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50076608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Snowmelt+driven+subsurface+flow+in+a+heterogeneous+hillslope+aquifer&rft.au=Deng%2C+Yueying%3BFlerchinger%2C+Gerald+N%3BCooley%2C+Keith+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Deng&rft.aufirst=Yueying&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2008 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; atmospheric precipitation; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; Idaho; infiltration; meltwater; models; North America; potentiometric surface; preferential flow; recharge; Rocky Mountains; simulation; slopes; Snake River basin; snow; spatial variations; two-dimensional models; United States; Upper Sheep Creek; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation management system physical effects AN - 50076391; 1996-012011 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Dawson, L J AU - Reckendorf, F F AU - Herndon, L P AU - Bluhm, G C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - soils KW - erosion KW - conservation KW - surface water KW - water management KW - pollution KW - ecosystems KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - soil management KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50076391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Conservation+management+system+physical+effects&rft.au=Dawson%2C+L+J%3BReckendorf%2C+F+F%3BHerndon%2C+L+P%3BBluhm%2C+G+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2128 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; ecosystems; erosion; ground water; land use; pollution; soil erosion; soil management; soils; surface water; water management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new soil water flux model for GOSSYM AN - 50074839; 1996-011988 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Porter, Dana O AU - McKinion, James M AU - Pote, Jonathan AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - data processing KW - capillarity KW - preferential flow KW - GOSSYM KW - evapotranspiration KW - ground water KW - models KW - computer programs KW - water table KW - transport KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - percolation KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - algorithms KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50074839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=A+new+soil+water+flux+model+for+GOSSYM&rft.au=Porter%2C+Dana+O%3BMcKinion%2C+James+M%3BPote%2C+Jonathan%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2047 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; capillarity; computer programs; data processing; evapotranspiration; GOSSYM; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; models; monitoring; percolation; preferential flow; runoff; soils; transport; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Farmstead Assessment System AN - 50073307; 1996-011978 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Bergsrud, F G AU - Anderson, J L AU - Koehler, T A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - United States KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - Farmstead Assessment System KW - pollutants KW - data acquisition KW - public policy KW - water management KW - pollution KW - decision-making KW - education KW - drinking water KW - preventive measures KW - ground water KW - Clark County Wisconsin KW - risk assessment KW - Wisconsin KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50073307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Farmstead+Assessment+System&rft.au=Bergsrud%2C+F+G%3BAnderson%2C+J+L%3BKoehler%2C+T+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bergsrud&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2033 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clark County Wisconsin; data acquisition; decision-making; drinking water; education; Farmstead Assessment System; ground water; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; preventive measures; public policy; risk assessment; United States; water management; water quality; water resources; Wisconsin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity analysis of the WEPP watershed model for rangeland conditions AN - 50073144; 1996-011973 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Tiscareno-Lopez, M AU - Lopes, V L AU - Stone, J J AU - Lane, L J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - soil mechanics KW - Tombstone Arizona KW - terrestrial environment KW - erosion KW - semi-arid environment KW - watersheds KW - prediction KW - models KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - physical properties KW - stochastic processes KW - Walnut Gulch watershed KW - sensitivity analysis KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - Arizona KW - Cochise County Arizona KW - basin management KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - soil erosion KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50073144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+analysis+of+the+WEPP+watershed+model+for+rangeland+conditions&rft.au=Tiscareno-Lopez%2C+M%3BLopes%2C+V+L%3BStone%2C+J+J%3BLane%2C+L+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Tiscareno-Lopez&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 11 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2018 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; basin management; Cochise County Arizona; erosion; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; models; physical properties; prediction; runoff; semi-arid environment; sensitivity analysis; soil erosion; soil mechanics; soils; stochastic processes; terrestrial environment; Tombstone Arizona; United States; Walnut Gulch watershed; Water Erosion Prediction Project; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water chemistry effects on infiltration, runoff and erosion AN - 50072718; 1996-011993 JF - International Summer Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Flanagan, Dennis C AU - Norton, L D AU - Shainberg, I AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 EP - unpaginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1992, Summer KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - erosion KW - chemical dispersion KW - rills KW - rainfall KW - surface water KW - soil treatment KW - porous materials KW - electrolytes KW - erosion features KW - hydrochemistry KW - preventive measures KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - sediment yield KW - runoff KW - chemical properties KW - soil erosion KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50072718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Water+chemistry+effects+on+infiltration%2C+runoff+and+erosion&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+Dennis+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BShainberg%2C+I%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=1992%2C+Summer&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Summer+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 international summer meeting; American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 92-2053 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03997 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical dispersion; chemical properties; electrolytes; erosion; erosion features; experimental studies; hydrochemistry; hydrology; infiltration; physical properties; porous materials; preventive measures; rainfall; rills; runoff; sediment yield; soil erosion; soil treatment; soils; surface water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of nitrogen and carbon metabolism in root nodules AN - 21348792; 8533258 AB - Because legume root nodules have high rates of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, they are ideal for the study of plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Many plant enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen assimilation have enhanced activity and enzyme protein in nodules as compared to other plant organs. For all intents and purposes the interior of the root nodule is O sub(2) limited. Both plant and bacterial components of effective root nodules have unique adaptive features for maximizing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in an O sub(2)-limited environment. Plant glycolysis appears to be shunted to malic acid synthesis with further reductive synthesis to fumarate and succinate. Nodule bacteroids utilize these organic acids for the energy to fuel nitrogenase activity. Activities of the plant enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1), which are very high in nodules, may mediate the flux of carbon between organic and amino acid pools. Dark CO sub(2) fixation via nodule PEPC can provide up to 25% of the carbon needed for malate and aspartate synthesis. At least three of the plant proteins showing enhanced expression in root nodules are O sub(2) regulated. Isolation of alfalfa cDNAs encoding PEPC, AAT, NADH-glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) and aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) will offer new tools to assess molecular events controlling nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. JF - Physiologia Plantarum AU - Vance, Carroll P AU - Gantt, JStephen AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research, Dept of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, and Plant Biology Dept, The Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - Jun 1992 SP - 266 EP - 274 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9317, 0031-9317 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aldolase KW - aspartate aminotransferase KW - N sub(2) fixation KW - oxygen KW - phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase KW - plant gene expression KW - Nitrogenase KW - Amino acids KW - Aspartate aminotransferase KW - Fuels KW - Bacteroids KW - Malate dehydrogenase KW - Enzymes KW - Roots KW - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase KW - organic acids KW - Carbon KW - Energy KW - Legumes KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Glycolysis KW - Metabolism KW - Malic acid KW - Nitrogen KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21348792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.atitle=Control+of+nitrogen+and+carbon+metabolism+in+root+nodules&rft.au=Vance%2C+Carroll+P%3BGantt%2C+JStephen&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=Carroll&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.issn=00319317&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1399-3054.1992.tb04731.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrogenase; Amino acids; Aspartate aminotransferase; Bacteroids; Fuels; Malate dehydrogenase; Roots; Enzymes; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; organic acids; Carbon; Legumes; Energy; Carbon dioxide; Glycolysis; Metabolism; Nitrogen; Malic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04731.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and gene disruption of the Tox5 gene encoding trichodiene synthase in Gibberella pulicaris. AN - 73313238; 1421511 AB - The trichodiene synthase gene (Tox5) was isolated from Gibberella pulicaris, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Tox5 was disrupted through transformation with a plasmid carrying a doubly truncated copy of the coding region and a selectable marker for resistance to hygromycin B (Hygr). Analysis of 82 transformants for their ability to produce the trichothecene, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), resulted in the identification of five DAS- strains. Southern hybridization analysis of DAS- Hygr transformants indicated that the plasmid integrated at the Tox5 locus. The disrupted Tox5 gene was shown to be mitotically stable. Analysis of nine tetrads revealed either the cosegregation of the disrupter plasmid and the DAS- phenotype or the loss of the disrupter plasmid. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using gene disruption in G. pulicaris and suggest a general method for obtaining Tox5- mutants in other trichothecene-producing fungi. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Hohn, T M AU - Desjardins, A E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604. PY - 1992 SP - 249 EP - 256 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Tox5 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - Carbon-Carbon Lyases KW - EC 4.1.- KW - trichodiene synthetase KW - EC 4.2.3.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mutagenesis KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Gibberella -- enzymology KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Lyases -- genetics KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Lyases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73313238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+gene+disruption+of+the+Tox5+gene+encoding+trichodiene+synthase+in+Gibberella+pulicaris.&rft.au=Hohn%2C+T+M%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Hohn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Tox5 N1 - Genetic sequence - M64348; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of natural toxins on reproduction in livestock. AN - 73195339; 1526925 AB - Reproductive efficiency is the most important economic factor in livestock production. Thus, the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal regulatory axis, accessory sexual organ functionality, and the complex events involved in fertilization, implantation, and embryonic and fetal development may be sensitive to therapeutic agents, environmental pollutants, and natural toxicants. There are many factors that adversely affect reproduction, one of which is toxic substances in the diets of animals. Toxic materials can affect reproductive success by causing abortions, interfering with libido, estrus, oogenesis, or spermatogenesis, causing emaciation and subsequent abnormal mating behavior, birth defects, and increasing the time between parturition and rebreeding. Examples of natural toxicants in poisonous plants interfering with reproduction are numerous. Abortion in livestock from locoweeds, ponderosa pine needles, broom snakeweeds, fescue, and others are reported in studies. Selenium and seleniferous forage inhibit estrus in cattle and swine. Emaciation and temporary illness from sneezeweeds, bitterweed, locoweed, larkspur, lupines, and others may interfere with mating. Embryonic loss and birth defects from Veratrum, lupines, locoweeds, poison hemlock, and so on, may occur. As suggested, toxins have many diverse and economically adverse effects on reproductive performance in livestock. JF - Journal of animal science AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Nielsen, D B AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 1573 EP - 1579 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Sheep KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology KW - Animals, Domestic -- physiology KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Toxins, Biological -- poisoning KW - Toxins, Biological -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73195339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+natural+toxins+on+reproduction+in+livestock.&rft.au=James%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BNielsen%2C+D+B%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ponderosa pine needle-induced parturition in cattle. AN - 73179130; 1526928 AB - Needles of the Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) induce premature parturition in cattle when ingested during late pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. The closer to term, the more likely that pine needles will induce parturition. Experiments were designed to describe the clinical signs and behavior associated with ingestion of pine needles. Pine needles adversely affected only pregnant cows and did not seem to affect nonpregnant, cycling cows, sheep, goats, or rabbits. Premature parturition was more likely if cows ingested the needles after the 8th mo of pregnancy, if they ingested pine needles over a period of 3 d or more, and if cows ate a relatively large amount of pine needles (about 2.2 to 2.7 kg/d). A synthetic progesterone, melangesterol acetate, and a prostaglandin inhibitor (ketoprofen) seemed to be of some prophylactic benefit; however, further research is required to assess the practicality of the approach and the magnitude of the benefit. Ponderosa pine bark and new-growth branch tips, which seem to be more potent inducers of premature parturition, may be useful in the extraction and identification of the parturifacient component(s). JF - Journal of animal science AU - Panter, K E AU - James, L F AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 1604 EP - 1608 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Plant Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature -- etiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- pathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature -- pathology KW - Cattle Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature -- veterinary KW - Plant Poisoning -- complications KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73179130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Ponderosa+pine+needle-induced+parturition+in+cattle.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing of suspended sediments; the Lake Chicot, Arkansas project AN - 50397999; 1992-060153 JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Schiebe, Frank R AU - Harrington, John A, Jr AU - Ritchie, J C Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 1487 EP - 1509 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - geophysical surveys KW - statistical analysis KW - suspended materials KW - Chicot County Arkansas KW - distribution KW - measurement KW - models KW - Landsat KW - sediments KW - surveys KW - Alaska KW - multispectral scanner KW - Arkansas KW - southeastern Arkansas KW - remote sensing KW - Lake Chicot KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50397999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+of+suspended+sediments%3B+the+Lake+Chicot%2C+Arkansas+project&rft.au=Schiebe%2C+Frank+R%3BHarrington%2C+John+A%2C+Jr%3BRitchie%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Schiebe&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; Arkansas; Chicot County Arkansas; distribution; geophysical surveys; Lake Chicot; Landsat; measurement; models; multispectral scanner; remote sensing; sediments; southeastern Arkansas; statistical analysis; surveys; suspended materials; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zinc transport into endothelial cells is a facilitated process. AN - 72876310; 1560036 AB - The kinetics of zinc transport were examined by measuring the uptake of 65Zn into cultured endothelial cells. This served as a suitable model for characterizing the transport of zinc across a biological membrane (i.e., the plasma membrane). The transport process was saturable under physiological conditions, which indicates a facilitating transport mechanism. Within the physiological range of zinc concentrations, the maximum zinc transport rate was 27 pmoles zinc/(min x mg protein) and it was half maximal at 4.1 microM zinc. Cadmium competitively inhibited zinc transport (Ki = 6.5 microM), while equimolar concentrations of copper and manganese were ineffectual. The rate of zinc transport was substantially reduced at lower temperatures and in the presence of sulfhydryl blockers (sodium iodoacetate and N-ethylmaleimide). Inhibitors of energy metabolism (2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium azide) failed to disrupt zinc transport. These results demonstrate that zinc transport into endothelial cells is a facilitated process (i.e., it is carrier mediated and energy-independent). JF - Journal of cellular physiology AU - Bobilya, D J AU - Briske-Anderson, M AU - Reeves, P G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, North Dakota 58202-7166. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 151 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9541, 0021-9541 KW - Azides KW - 0 KW - Dinitrophenols KW - Iodoacetates KW - Zinc Radioisotopes KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Sodium Fluoride KW - 8ZYQ1474W7 KW - Sodium Azide KW - 968JJ8C9DV KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Ethylmaleimide KW - O3C74ACM9V KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol KW - Q13SKS21MN KW - Iodoacetic Acid KW - WF5188V710 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Copper -- pharmacokinetics KW - Manganese -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Temperature KW - Cell Membrane -- ultrastructure KW - Cell Membrane -- physiology KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Cadmium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cadmium -- pharmacology KW - Iodoacetates -- pharmacology KW - Cattle KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Azides -- pharmacology KW - Sodium Fluoride -- pharmacology KW - Dinitrophenols -- pharmacology KW - Manganese -- pharmacokinetics KW - Biological Transport -- physiology KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Ethylmaleimide -- pharmacology KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72876310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.atitle=Zinc+transport+into+endothelial+cells+is+a+facilitated+process.&rft.au=Bobilya%2C+D+J%3BBriske-Anderson%2C+M%3BReeves%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Bobilya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.issn=00219541&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the virulence modulating region of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) by site-directed mutagenesis. AN - 72841616; 1546460 AB - A series of nucleotide substitutions (G46----C; C47----A; C315----U; U317----C) were introduced into the virulence modulating region of the intermediate strain of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in order to examine their effect upon viroid infectivity and pathogenicity with the presence of all four mutations resulting in the sequence of a previously reported severe strain of PSTVd. Eight of the resulting mutant cDNAs were characterized for infectivity and symptom induction in tomato, and the secondary structure of their corresponding RNAs was examined. The combined results of infectivity, computer analysis, and chemical mapping data imply that a previously proposed correlation between thermodynamic stability and PSTVd pathogenicity does not hold true in all cases and suggest that conformation and/or sequence-specific interactions with host factors play a role in symptom development. JF - Virology AU - Hammond, R W AD - Microbiology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 654 EP - 662 VL - 187 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - 0 KW - RNA, Viral KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Thermodynamics KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides -- chemistry KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Hydrogen Bonding KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Viroids -- pathogenicity KW - Solanum tuberosum -- microbiology KW - Viroids -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72841616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+virulence+modulating+region+of+potato+spindle+tuber+viroid+%28PSTVd%29+by+site-directed+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of land degradation in New South Wales, Australia AN - 52749662; 1997-018379 JF - Environmental Management (New York) AU - Graham, Owen P Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 205 EP - 223 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - Australasia KW - erosion KW - rills KW - New South Wales Australia KW - desertification KW - erosion features KW - vegetation KW - salinity KW - irrigation KW - physical properties KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - mass movements KW - acidification KW - Australia KW - soil erosion KW - gullies KW - soil management KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52749662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.atitle=Survey+of+land+degradation+in+New+South+Wales%2C+Australia&rft.au=Graham%2C+Owen+P&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENMGDE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; Australasia; Australia; desertification; erosion; erosion control; erosion features; geologic hazards; gullies; hydrology; irrigation; mass movements; monitoring; New South Wales Australia; physical properties; remote sensing; rills; runoff; salinity; soil erosion; soil management; soils; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taphonomy of the Haynies Limestone bed (Pennsylvanian), a compound distal tempestite from southeastern Nebraska AN - 50302870; 1993-044111 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Larry-Guyon, H E AU - Rudnick, C E AU - Moser, D W AU - Holmes, S L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 27 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Plantae KW - Pennsylvanian KW - Paleozoic KW - Carboniferous KW - algae KW - Haynies Member KW - southeastern Nebraska KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Brachiopoda KW - taphonomy KW - Invertebrata KW - tempestite KW - Deer Creek Formation KW - Nebraska KW - clastic rocks KW - microfossils KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50302870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Taphonomy+of+the+Haynies+Limestone+bed+%28Pennsylvanian%29%2C+a+compound+distal+tempestite+from+southeastern+Nebraska&rft.au=Larry-Guyon%2C+H+E%3BRudnick%2C+C+E%3BMoser%2C+D+W%3BHolmes%2C+S+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Larry-Guyon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, North-Central Section, 26th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algae; Brachiopoda; Carboniferous; clastic rocks; Deer Creek Formation; Haynies Member; Invertebrata; microfossils; Nebraska; Paleozoic; Pennsylvanian; Plantae; sedimentary rocks; southeastern Nebraska; taphonomy; tempestite; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion control practices applied to granitic road fills for forest roads in Idaho; cost effectiveness evaluation AN - 50288690; 1994-002209 JF - Land Degradation and Rehabilitation AU - Megahan, W F AU - Monsen, S B AU - Wilson, M D AU - Lozano, N AU - Haber, D F AU - Booth, G D Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 55 EP - 65 PB - John Wiley and Sons, Sussex VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 0898-5812, 0898-5812 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Idaho KW - erosion KW - conservation KW - erosion control KW - soil treatment KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - evaluation KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50288690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+Degradation+and+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Erosion+control+practices+applied+to+granitic+road+fills+for+forest+roads+in+Idaho%3B+cost+effectiveness+evaluation&rft.au=Megahan%2C+W+F%3BMonsen%2C+S+B%3BWilson%2C+M+D%3BLozano%2C+N%3BHaber%2C+D+F%3BBooth%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Megahan&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+Degradation+and+Rehabilitation&rft.issn=08985812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; erodibility; erosion; erosion control; evaluation; Idaho; soil erosion; soil treatment; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire and Gila Trout Recovery in Wilderness Watersheds AN - 19145001; 9306251 AB - The recovery of endangered wildlife presents many challenges to science, research, and technology. The cooperative efforts in restoring the endangered Gila trout (Oncorhynchus gilae) provide an excellent example of how management agency staff and university scientists are working together to meet these challenges. In 1989, the Gila trout was threatened by wildfire occurring in the upper watershed of Main Diamond Creek in Gila National Forest, New Mexico. Live trout were carried to a nearby fish hatchery during the fire and thus were saved, but tons of ash ultimately filled the stream. Later, only one live fish was found in a stream zone that had previously supported 5,000-10,000 Gila trout. Aquatic invertebrate populations declined initially and had begun to show recovery, but a severe storm washed in additional ash-laden sediments, which resulted in drastic declines in the aquatic insect population. A slow and relatively unstable recovery in aquatic insects is now being noted. Biologists, fires ecologists, chemists, fisheries scientists, and others are working to address the specific interactions of fire and ash effects on native Gila trout populations in wilderness areas in the national forest. Quantified data from these studies will help determine when the native trout populations can be restored again to stream zones affected by the wildfire. (See also W93-06234) (Rochester-PTT) JF - IN: Proceedings, 36th Annual New Mexico Water Conference: Agencies and Science Working for the Future. New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Report No. 265, April 1992. p 123-128, 13 fig, 7 ref. AU - Anderson, B L AD - USDA Forest Service, 2610 N. Silver, Silver City, New Mexico Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - Apr 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Fire effects KW - *Fish populations KW - *Stream pollution KW - *Trout KW - *Watersheds KW - *Wilderness areas KW - *Wildlife management KW - Aquatic insects KW - Endangered species KW - Fish stocking KW - Forest fires KW - Gila National Forest KW - Interagency cooperation KW - Invertebrates KW - New Mexico KW - Sedimentation KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19145001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fire+and+Gila+Trout+Recovery+in+Wilderness+Watersheds&rft.au=Anderson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of Ergopeptide Alkaloids in Symbiotic Tall Fescue Grown under Deficits of Soil Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer. AN - 733445153; 16348675 AB - The fungus Acremonium coenophialum is endophytically associated with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). Within this symbiotum the fungus produces ergopeptide alkaloids, which are associated with livestock toxicoses. Environmental effects on the production of ergot alkaloids within the symbiotum are unknown. We conducted a greenhouse study of the effects of flooding, nitrogen rate during fertilization (11, 73, and 220 mg of N per pot weekly), nitrogen form (3.4 and 34 mg of N as NH(4) or NO(3) per pot), and drought stress (-0.03, -0.05, and -0.50 MPa) on ergopeptide alkaloid concentrations in one genotype of nonsymbiotic and symbiotic tall fescue grown in plastic pots. It was determined that the concentration of ergovaline, the major type of ergopeptide alkaloid, was increased but was not as high as that in nonflooded controls. Total ergopeptide and ergovaline concentrations in plants receiving high (220 mg of N per pot) and low (11 mg of N per pot) levels of NH(4)NO(3) fertilization were not affected by flooding. The form of nitrogen was important since all concentrations of NO(3)-N increased ergopeptide alkaloid content, as opposed to the effects of NH(4)-N, which was effective only at high concentrations (34 mg of N per pot). Ergopeptide concentrations were highest in drought-stressed plants grown at -0.50 MPa and fertilized at the moderate or high N rate. The results suggest that within this genotype, ergopeptide alkaloid biosynthesis by the fungus is not appreciably affected by flooding but is greatly increased by high rates of N fertilization and moderate water deficit. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Arechavaleta, M AU - Bacon, C W AU - Plattner, R D AU - Hoveland, C S AU - Radcliffe, D E AD - Department of Agronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30613 ; and Bioactive Constituents Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 857 EP - 861 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733445153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+Ergopeptide+Alkaloids+in+Symbiotic+Tall+Fescue+Grown+under+Deficits+of+Soil+Water+and+Nitrogen+Fertilizer.&rft.au=Arechavaleta%2C+M%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BHoveland%2C+C+S%3BRadcliffe%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Arechavaleta&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=857&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977 Nov;34(5):576-81 [931377] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Mar;49(3):568-71 [16346751] Postgrad Med J. 1976;52suppl 1:57-63 [959126] Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):487-9 [3008328] Plant Physiol. 1990 Mar;92(3):726-32 [16667341] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutational analysis of genes determining antagonism of Alcaligenes sp. strain MFA1 against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. AN - 73219860; 1327482 AB - Alcaligenes sp. strain MFA1 inhibits microconidial germination and germination-tube elongation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and reduces the severity of fusarium wilt of carnation, presumably as a result of its production of a siderophore (G.Y. Yuen and M.N. Schroth. 1986. Phytopathology, 76:171-176). Derivative strains of MFA1, deficient in antagonism against F. oxysporum and in iron-limited growth, were obtained by Tn5 mutagenesis. The presence of a single Tn5 insertion in the genomic DNA of each derivative strain was detected by Southern analysis. Marker-exchange mutagenesis of strain MFA1 with DNA fragments, containing Tn5 and flanking sequences cloned from representative mutants, confirmed the association of single Tn5 insertions with the loss of antifungal activity and iron-independent growth of MFA1. These results are consistent with the involvement of siderophore biosynthesis by MFA1 in the inhibition of F. oxysporum. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Martinetti, G AU - Loper, J E AD - Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Corvallis, OR 97330. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 241 EP - 247 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Siderophores KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Siderophores -- metabolism KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Plasmids KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Alcaligenes -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Plants -- microbiology KW - Alcaligenes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73219860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Mutational+analysis+of+genes+determining+antagonism+of+Alcaligenes+sp.+strain+MFA1+against+the+phytopathogenic+fungus+Fusarium+oxysporum.&rft.au=Martinetti%2C+G%3BLoper%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Martinetti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon dioxide released from human skin: effect of temperature and insect repellents. AN - 73112704; 1495024 AB - Measurement with an infrared analyzer of CO2 given off by the hands of human volunteers under laboratory conditions showed that they continuously produced CO2 at the rate of 1.0-1.8 ml/h. Increased production of CO2 was observed with increase in temperature for all subjects. Treatment of subjects with three insect repellents or ethanol resulted in a short-term drop in CO2 production, after which it returned to pretreatment levels. Olfactometer studies showed no correlation between the amount of CO2 produced by hands and the attractancy of the subjects to host-seeking female Ae. aegypti (L.). The supplemental addition of five times the amount of CO2 given off by the hands did not affect attractancy of subjects to mosquitoes. The amount of CO2 released by hands is negligible compared to ambient levels of 300 ppm, and it is unlikely to be attractive at this level of release by itself. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Carlson, D A AU - Schreck, C E AU - Brenner, R J AD - Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, Florida 32604. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 165 EP - 170 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Hand KW - Odorants KW - Male KW - Female KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Carbon Dioxide -- metabolism KW - Insect Repellents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73112704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Carbon+dioxide+released+from+human+skin%3A+effect+of+temperature+and+insect+repellents.&rft.au=Carlson%2C+D+A%3BSchreck%2C+C+E%3BBrenner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of air scrubbing on moisture pickup, aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae, and the incidence of salmonellae on artificially inoculated broiler carcasses. AN - 72884699; 1561223 AB - Processed broiler carcasses were subjected to diffused air at 158.6 kPa (air scrubbing) in tap water to evaluate the potential of this treatment for improving the microbiological quality of read-to-cook poultry. Carcasses were inoculated with a marker strain of Salmonella typhimurium 5 min before treatment. The carcasses were removed after 30 min and sampled for aerobic plate counts (APC), Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts, for the presence of the marker organism, or for moisture pickup. The S. typhimurium were recovered from 32 of 40 control carcasses (water only), but from only 9 of 40 air-scrubbed samples. When carcasses were inoculated with fewer than 150 cells of the marker organism, air scrubbing was more effective in reducing the incidence of salmonellae (2 of 20 positive) than when levels were in excess of 150 cells (7 of 20 positive). A similar pattern was manifested with the water-rinsed carcasses rinsed without air injection (below 150, 12 of 20; above 150, 20 of 20). No significant differences were found in the APC and ENT counts. Moisture pickup was adversely affected by air scrubbing; control carcasses had a moisture pickup of 5.8%, whereas, air-scrubbed carcasses had a moisture pickup of 13.9%. JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Cox, N A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 560 EP - 564 VL - 71 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Meat KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72884699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+air+scrubbing+on+moisture+pickup%2C+aerobic+plate+counts%2C+Enterobacteriaceae%2C+and+the+incidence+of+salmonellae+on+artificially+inoculated+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BCox%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exit condition for miscible displacement experiments AN - 50428864; 1992-042998 JF - Soil Science AU - Parlange, J Y AU - Starr, J L AU - Van Genuchten, Martinus T AU - Barry, D A AU - Parker, J C Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 165 EP - 171 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 153 IS - 3 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - hydrodynamics KW - properties KW - equations KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50428864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Exit+condition+for+miscible+displacement+experiments&rft.au=Parlange%2C+J+Y%3BStarr%2C+J+L%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+T%3BBarry%2C+D+A%3BParker%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Parlange&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - equations; hydrodynamics; properties; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of methods to estimate soil water characteristics from soil texture, bulk density, and limited data AN - 50427233; 1992-042999 JF - Soil Science AU - Williams, R D AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Naney, J W Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 172 EP - 184 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 153 IS - 3 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - soils KW - Alfisols KW - Oklahoma KW - Lane Oklahoma KW - numerical analysis KW - characterization KW - water regimes KW - properties KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50427233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+methods+to+estimate+soil+water+characteristics+from+soil+texture%2C+bulk+density%2C+and+limited+data&rft.au=Williams%2C+R+D%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BNaney%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; characterization; Lane Oklahoma; numerical analysis; Oklahoma; properties; soils; United States; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microtopography and soil surface materials on semi-arid piedmont hill-slopes, southern Arizona AN - 50388504; 1992-065611 JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Parsons, Anthony J AU - Abrahams, Athol D AU - Simanton, J Roger Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 107 EP - 115 PB - Academic Press, London-New York VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - United States KW - soils KW - eolian features KW - Tombstone Arizona KW - terrestrial environment KW - erosion KW - rainfall KW - arid environment KW - water erosion KW - vegetation KW - southern Arizona KW - deserts KW - Arizona KW - Cochise County Arizona KW - raindrops KW - geomorphology KW - soil erosion KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50388504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Microtopography+and+soil+surface+materials+on+semi-arid+piedmont+hill-slopes%2C+southern+Arizona&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Anthony+J%3BAbrahams%2C+Athol+D%3BSimanton%2C+J+Roger&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; Arizona; Cochise County Arizona; deserts; eolian features; erosion; geomorphology; raindrops; rainfall; soil erosion; soils; southern Arizona; terrestrial environment; Tombstone Arizona; United States; vegetation; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal programs for wetland restoration and use of wetlands for nonpoint source pollution control AN - 50093426; 1995-068220 JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Whitaker, Gene AU - Terrell, Charles R A2 - Olson, Richard K. A2 - Marshall, Kay Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 157 EP - 170 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam - London - New York - Tokyo VL - 1 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - programs KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - reclamation KW - surface water KW - government agencies KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - wetlands KW - agrochemicals KW - runoff KW - policy KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50093426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Federal+programs+for+wetland+restoration+and+use+of+wetlands+for+nonpoint+source+pollution+control&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+Gene%3BTerrell%2C+Charles+R&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Workshop on the Role of created and natural wetlands in controlling nonpoint source pollution N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; degradation; government agencies; nonpoint sources; pesticides; policy; pollutants; pollution; programs; reclamation; regulations; runoff; surface water; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; water quality; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bed Load Transport During Rising and Falling Stages on Two Small Streams AN - 19166522; 9209698 AB - Bed load transport rates were measured with continuously recording pit samplers on two small gravel-bed streams in the Goodwin Creek Research Watershed, northern Mississippi. When transport samples were grouped according to whether the stage was rising or falling, significant differences in mean bed load transport rates were found at nearly all flow strengths. At higher flow strengths, mean bed load transport rates were greater during rising stages than during falling stages. The greater transport rates measured during rising stages may be caused by a lag in the formation and destruction of bed roughness elements. One of the streams also showed evidence of greater transport rates for low flows as the stage declined. This may be caused by differences in the stability of the bed material at the beginning and at the end of a transport event. (Author's abstract) JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ESPLDB, Vol. 17, No. 2, p 191-197, March 1992. 5 fig, 2 tab, 23 ref. AU - Kuhnle, R A AD - National Sedimentation Lab., US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Oxford, MS Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - Mar 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Bed load KW - *Channel morphology KW - *Goodwin Creek Research Watershed KW - *Mississippi KW - *Sediment transport KW - *Streamflow KW - Flow profiles KW - Water level KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19166522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bed+Load+Transport+During+Rising+and+Falling+Stages+on+Two+Small+Streams&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local Resource Planning for Water Quality Improvement AN - 19148348; 9209891 AB - A research study in Mason County, Illinois showed high levels of nitrates and traces of pesticides in the local aquifer that supplies drinking water to most of the county. To combat this problem, farmers formed the Illinois River Sands Water Quality Project in the spring of 1990. Concerned farmers approached the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) in March of 1989 which took the case to the Mason County Soil and Water Conservation District Board, which formed the Water Issues Resource Planning Committee. A technical advisory committee recommended a three-pronged approach to reducing the amount of agricultural chemicals reaching the aquifer: (1) reduce the amount of chemicals applied by improving application efficiency or using nonchemical control measures; (2) substitute less toxic, less persistent, or less mobile pesticides; and (3) reduce or retard the transport of applied chemicals from fields. The plan calls for test-plot evaluations of the effects of cover crops and low-input weed control on yields and water quality. To reduce chemical use, an integrated crop management plan was followed, using irrigation scheduling and using rye as a cover crop to reduce the leaching of nitrogen. Collection facilities for toxic chemicals and chemical containers are being used to retard the transport of chemicals to the aquifers. Eight check valves per person per year were allowed and conservation plans were required for 219 of the landowners applying for check valves. This led to 440,000 acres being planned that may never have had conservation plans. Field work is being monitored and evaluated to check the effectiveness of applied practices in reducing nutrient and pesticide movement to the aquifer at the test-plot level. The Illinois River Sands Water Quality Project is an excellent example of local individuals and organizations and federal, state, an county governmental agencies working together and sharing resources to solve community problems. (Geiger-PTT) JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation JSWCA3, Vol. 47, No. 2, p 136-138, March/April 1992. 4 ref. AU - Boyd, DA AD - Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 200 N. High Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215 Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - Mar 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Water quality management KW - *Nitrates KW - *Agricultural runoff KW - *Project planning KW - *Water pollution prevention KW - Pesticides KW - Fertilizers KW - Interagency cooperation KW - Water quality control KW - Water quality monitoring KW - Crop production KW - Agricultural practices KW - *Management planning KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19148348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Local+Resource+Planning+for+Water+Quality+Improvement&rft.au=Boyd%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Magnetic resonance detection of environmentally induced hepatic lesions in Fundulus heteroclitus . AN - 16401504; 2883169 AB - We have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic analysis to detect and diagnose environmentally induced hepatic lesions in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus ). Formalin-fixed liver slices were evaluated using MRI. The MRI data and histological observations on liver pathology correlate. MRI showed several regions in pathologic liver tissue with a standard deviation in T sub(2) values of 7 multiplied by 92 ms. In reference liver tissue, regions chosen at random gave a standard deviation of 1 multiplied by 05 ms in T sub(2) times. This study suggests that T sub(2) relaxation times in conjunction with MRI may provide a non-invasive method that will permit study of the progression of hepatic neoplasms in mummichog exposed to chemical carcinogens in the environment. JF - Marine environmental research. London AU - Gassner, G AU - Vogelbein, W AU - Line, M Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - Mar 1992 SP - 7 EP - 11 VL - 34 IS - 1-2 KW - detection KW - N.M.R. KW - environmental pollutants KW - NMR KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - histopathology KW - xenobiotics KW - carcinogenesis KW - marine organisms KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - lesions KW - marine environment KW - liver KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16401504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.atitle=Magnetic+resonance+detection+of+environmentally+induced+hepatic+lesions+in+Fundulus+heteroclitus+.&rft.au=Gassner%2C+G%3BVogelbein%2C+W%3BLine%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gassner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis for the estimation of extracellular fluid. AN - 85272662; pmid-1559513 AB - Thomasset (Lyon Medicine (1962): 207, 107-118; (1963): 209, 1325-1350; (1965): 214, 131-143) and others suggested that low-frequency impedance measurements could be used to estimate extracellular fluid and that high-frequency measurements could be used for the assessment of total body water. It was the purpose of this study to examine the relationship between body fluid compartments and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA). Total body water (TBW) and extracellular fluid (ECF) were measured using deuterium and sodium bromide dilution procedures. Intracellular fluid volume (ICF) was calculated as the difference between TBW and ECF. A tetrapolar arrangement of surface electrodes was used to measure whole-body resistance (R), reactance (Xc), impedance (Z), and phase angle (P) at 25 frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 1.35 MHz. Subjects (n = 60; 40 male and 20 female) were between the ages of 19 and 65 years. Mean ratios (+/- SEM) of ECF/ICF and ECF/TBW were 0.83 +/- 0.021 and 0.45 +/- 0.011, respectively. Individuals with the largest fat-free mass (FFM) had the highest ECF value. Whole-body resistive index values most correlated to ECF were at 224, 300, 400, 548 and 1 kHz with correlations ranging from 0.93 to 0.84. All possible subset regression analysis was used to develop a prediction equation for ECF: R2 = 0.924 and SEE = 1.061: ECF = 5.17753 + (0.09989*RI224) + (0.09322*WT) - (1.3962*SEX), where RI = resistive index (HT2/R) at the specific frequency of 224kHz; WT = weight in kilograms; sex was dummy-coded, males = 0, females = 1. JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Van Loan M D AU - Mayclin, P L AD - United States Department of Agriculture/ARS/WHNRC, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129. PY - 1992 SP - 117 EP - 124 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0954-3007, 0954-3007 KW - Extracellular Space KW - Body Fluid Compartments KW - Human KW - Deuterium KW - Aged KW - Electrophysiology KW - Sodium KW - Bromides KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Body Water KW - Male KW - Female KW - Electric Conductivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85272662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Use+of+multi-frequency+bioelectrical+impedance+analysis+for+the+estimation+of+extracellular+fluid.&rft.au=Van+Loan+M+D%3BMayclin%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Van+Loan+M+D&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.issn=09543007&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro toxicology of fumonisins and the mechanistic implications. AN - 73165183; 1513375 AB - The effects of fumonisins B1(FB1), B2(FB2), and the backbone of fumonisin B1 remaining after hydrolysis of the tricarballylic groups with base (HFB1) on sphingolipid biosynthesis were studied in both primary rat hepatocytes and pig kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). Fumonisins were potent inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis in hepatocytes (IC50 of FB1 = 0.1 microM), but overt toxicity was not observed. In renal cells, fumonisins also inhibited sphingosine biosynthesis (IC50 for FB1 = 35 microM), and caused decreased cell proliferation as well. Higher doses (greater than or equal to 70 microM) killed renal cells after exposure for 3 days. The inhibition of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis was specific, and appeared to be at the site of ceramide synthase, which catalyzes the formation of dihydroceramide or ceramide by the addition of the amide-linked fatty acid to sphinganine or sphingosine. These results may account for the ability of fumonisins to cause equine leucoencephalomalacia and to promote tumor formation. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Norred, W P AU - Wang, E AU - Yoo, H AU - Riley, R T AU - Merrill, A H AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA 30613. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 73 EP - 78 VL - 117 IS - 1-2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Ceramides KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Ceramides -- metabolism KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Serine -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Epithelial Cells KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73165183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=In+vitro+toxicology+of+fumonisins+and+the+mechanistic+implications.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BWang%2C+E%3BYoo%2C+H%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BMerrill%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosynthesis of labeled fumonisins in liquid cultures of Fusarium moniliforme. AN - 73155997; 1513369 AB - Fumonisins were readily produced in cultures of Fusarium moniliforme using a defined liquid medium. Addition of 200 mg of d3-methyl L-methionine to 100-ml cultures of F. moniliforme gave increased overall yields and high levels of deuterium (2H) incorporation into fumonisin B1. Approximately 90% of the resulting fumonisin B1 contained 6 deuterium atoms, while 9% of the product contained 3 deuterium atoms. Deuterium was shown to be incorporated exclusively in the methyl groups of the fumonisin backbone. The addition of as little as 5 mg of labeled methionine stimulated fumonisin production, but only about 5% of the fumonisin produced contained 3 deuterium atoms. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Plattner, R D AU - Shackelford, D D AD - Bioactive Constituents Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 17 EP - 22 VL - 117 IS - 1-2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Sphingosine -- chemistry KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73155997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Biosynthesis+of+labeled+fumonisins+in+liquid+cultures+of+Fusarium+moniliforme.&rft.au=Plattner%2C+R+D%3BShackelford%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Plattner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxicological investigations of Fusarium moniliforme-contaminated corn, culture material, and ammoniated culture material. AN - 73154406; 1513377 AB - The fungus Fusarium moniliforme is ubiquitous on corn throughout the world and is a likely co-contaminant on corn infested with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus. Ammoniation has been used to detoxify aflatoxin-contaminated commodities. To determine the effect of ammoniation on the toxic potential of Fusarium moniliforme, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either diets containing 10% sound corn, ammoniated corn, corn culture material of hepatotoxic F. moniliforme strain MRC 826 (CM), or ammoniated CM for four weeks. They were observed for signs of toxicity and hematological, serum chemical and histopathological evaluations were made. Groups of male Balb/c mice were fed diets fortifies with 10% sound corn or CM for four weeks and evaluated by serum chemical and histopathological means to determine the suitability of mice as a model species for investigation of F. moniliforme-induced hepatotoxicity. Ammoniation was ineffective for detoxification of the CM. Hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity of CM and ammoniated CM were qualitatively similar, although renal tubular lesions appeared more advanced in rats fed ammoniated CM. Adrenal cortical cellular vacuolation was also found in CM and ammoniated CM-fed rats, while focal seminiferous tubular degeneration and aspermia were found only in the testes of ammoniated CM-fed rats. Fumonisin B1 concentrations of the CM and ammoniated CM diets averaged 99 and 75 ppm, respectively. CM containing 99 ppm fumonisin B1 also produced hepatotoxicity in mice similar to that found in CM-fed rats. Thus, mice may be useful for investigations of F. moniliforme-induced hepatotoxicity. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Voss, K A AU - Norred, W P AU - Bacon, C W AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA 30613. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 97 EP - 104 VL - 117 IS - 1-2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Blood Cells -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Ammonia -- pharmacology KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- drug effects KW - Food Microbiology KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Fusarium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73154406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxicological+investigations+of+Fusarium+moniliforme-contaminated+corn%2C+culture+material%2C+and+ammoniated+culture+material.&rft.au=Voss%2C+K+A%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BBacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new fumonisin from solid cultures of Fusarium moniliforme. AN - 73151687; 1513370 AB - A new fumonisin has been isolated from Fusarium moniliforme isolate MRC826 grown on corn. It was shown by NMR and mass spectrometry to be an isomer of fumonisin B2 that has free hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-10 instead of the normal C-3 and C-5. This new fumonisin was detected in cultures of most isolates of F. moniliforme that were examined and was usually present at concentrations similar to those of fumonisin B2. Two isolates of F. moniliforme that produce significantly higher levels of this new isomer were identified. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Plattner, R D AU - Weisleder, D AU - Shackelford, D D AU - Peterson, R P AU - Powell, R G AD - Bioactive Constituents Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 23 EP - 28 VL - 117 IS - 1-2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Isomerism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Molecular Conformation KW - Hydrolysis KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73151687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=A+new+fumonisin+from+solid+cultures+of+Fusarium+moniliforme.&rft.au=Plattner%2C+R+D%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BShackelford%2C+D+D%3BPeterson%2C+R+P%3BPowell%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Plattner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review and update of animal toxicoses associated with fumonisin-contaminated feeds and production of fumonisins by Fusarium isolates. AN - 73151639; 1513366 AB - During the 1989 corn harvest season, numerous reports of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks and a pulmonary edema (PPE) syndrome in swine from several regions of the United States were received by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, Iowa. Previous and concurrent research linked Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisin-contaminated feeds to both diseases. Chemical and mycological investigations revealed fumonisin B1 (FB1) concentrations of 20 to 360 ppm in suspect swine feeds and 8 to 117 ppm in suspect equine feeds. Nonproblem feeds contained concentrations below 8 ppm. Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum were isolated from both problem and nonproblem equine and swine feeds. When cultured on autoclaved corn, the F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum isolated produced respective FB1 and fumonisin B2 (FB2) that range from less than 5 to more than 2450 ppm and less than 5 to more than 1000 ppm, respectively. Isolates from both problem and nonproblem feeds produces high levels (greater than 500 ppm) in culture. Reported here is a review of chemical and mycological data resulting from the study of several cases of PPE and ELEM. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Ross, P F AU - Rice, L G AU - Osweiler, G D AU - Nelson, P E AU - Richard, J L AU - Wilson, T M AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Science and Technology, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 109 EP - 114 VL - 117 IS - 1-2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Pulmonary Edema -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Zea mays KW - Pulmonary Edema -- chemically induced KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Horses KW - Encephalomalacia -- veterinary KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Swine Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Mycotoxins -- poisoning KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73151639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=A+review+and+update+of+animal+toxicoses+associated+with+fumonisin-contaminated+feeds+and+production+of+fumonisins+by+Fusarium+isolates.&rft.au=Ross%2C+P+F%3BRice%2C+L+G%3BOsweiler%2C+G+D%3BNelson%2C+P+E%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BWilson%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental reproduction of ELEM. A study to determine the minimum toxic dose in ponies. AN - 73146741; 1513368 AB - An experiment to gain insight into the minimum toxic dose of fumonisins was conducted by feeding ponies rations with known fumonisin concentrations. Naturally contaminated corn screenings (CS) were blended with pellets, corn, and molasses to formulate individual daily diets. One group of 4 ponies was fed a ration with fumonisin B1 (FB1) varying from less than 1 ppm to 22 ppm. A second group of 5 ponies was fed a ration at varying rates containing 8 ppm FB1 for 180 days. A panel of clinical chemistry parameters was evaluated twice weekly for both groups. One pony in the first group died of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) after 225 days of which the final 55 days' diet contained 22 ppm FB1. Approximately 9 days prior to death, this animal experienced elevated liver chemistry values. All 5 ponies in the second group experienced mild, transient, clinical signs; were euthanized at 180 days; and had mild, histopathological brain lesions. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Wilson, T M AU - Ross, P F AU - Owens, D L AU - Rice, L G AU - Green, S A AU - Jenkins, S J AU - Nelson, H A AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 115 EP - 120 VL - 117 IS - 1-2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Horses KW - Male KW - Female KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Encephalomalacia -- veterinary KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73146741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Experimental+reproduction+of+ELEM.+A+study+to+determine+the+minimum+toxic+dose+in+ponies.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+T+M%3BRoss%2C+P+F%3BOwens%2C+D+L%3BRice%2C+L+G%3BGreen%2C+S+A%3BJenkins%2C+S+J%3BNelson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of rabbits with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus. AN - 72869106; 1313619 AB - New Zealand white rabbits, which had been prepared for inoculation by intraperitoneal treatment with thioglycollate, were inoculated intraperitoneally with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV). Infected materials from various sources were used including cultured cells and culture fluids, peripheral blood leukocytes from infected cattle and spleen tissue from previously infected rabbits. Virus isolations and serological responses detected by western blotting provided clear evidence that infections had been established in inoculated rabbits and that the spleen was an important site of BIV infectivity. These results indicate that rabbits may be a useful species when testing for BIV infectivity in materials too toxic or highly contaminated to be inoculated directly into cell cultures. Furthermore, rabbits may also be useful in testing effects of coinfections with other bovine viruses on progression of BIV infection and for the initial evaluation of therapeutic regimens designed to suppress or eliminate BIV infections. JF - Veterinary microbiology AU - Van Der Maaten, M J AU - Whetstone, C A AD - Virology Cattle Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 125 EP - 135 VL - 30 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Virus Replication KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Blotting, Western KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Serial Passage KW - Spleen -- microbiology KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Male KW - Leukocyte Count -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Lentivirus Infections -- microbiology KW - Lentivirus Infections -- veterinary KW - Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine -- physiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- immunology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Rabbits KW - Lentivirus Infections -- immunology KW - Cattle Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72869106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+microbiology&rft.atitle=Infection+of+rabbits+with+bovine+immunodeficiency-like+virus.&rft.au=Van+Der+Maaten%2C+M+J%3BWhetstone%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Van+Der+Maaten&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comment on "Fractal processes in soil water retention" by Scott W. Tyler and Stephen W. Wheatcraft; discussion and reply AN - 50122498; 1995-055437 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Brakensiek, D L AU - Rawls, W J AU - Tyler, Scott W AU - Wheatcraft, Stephen W Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 601 EP - 604 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - models KW - numerical models KW - infiltration KW - unsaturated zone KW - water regimes KW - algorithms KW - fractals KW - porosity KW - pore water KW - ground water KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50122498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Comment+on+%22Fractal+processes+in+soil+water+retention%22+by+Scott+W.+Tyler+and+Stephen+W.+Wheatcraft%3B+discussion+and+reply&rft.au=Brakensiek%2C+D+L%3BRawls%2C+W+J%3BTyler%2C+Scott+W%3BWheatcraft%2C+Stephen+W&rft.aulast=Brakensiek&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Tyler, S. W., and Wheatcraft, S. W., Water Resources Research, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp 1047-1054, 1990 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; fractals; ground water; infiltration; models; numerical models; pore water; porosity; soils; unsaturated zone; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alkaloids of Stipa robusta (sleepygrass) infected with an Acremonium endophyte. AN - 75546235; 1344912 AB - Stipa robusta (= Stipa vaseyi) is a perennial grass found in certain areas of the southwestern United States. It is commonly known as sleepygrass, as horses that ingest this grass may become profoundly somnolent or stuporous for periods of time lasting up to several days. In an attempt to determine the active principle(s), fractionation of a methanolic extract of sleepygrass infected with an Acremonium endophyte has yielded lysergic acid amide (20 micrograms/g dry wt), isolysergic amide (8), 8-hydroxylsergic acid amide (0.3), ergonovine (7), chanoclavine-I (15), and N-formylloline (18). Related alkaloids have been found in many endophyte-infected grasses. The dominant alkaloid constituent in sleepygrass, lysergic acid amide, has not previously been identified in a grass in such high concentration. Lysergic acid amide is likely to be the basis for the extreme sedative effects on animals, given past pharmacological work on the compound from the ergot fungus Claviceps paspali. JF - Natural toxins AU - Petroski, R J AU - Powell, R G AU - Clay, K AD - U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 84 EP - 88 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Mycotoxins KW - lysergamide KW - 073830XH10 KW - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide KW - 8NA5SWF92O KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Animals KW - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide -- isolation & purification KW - Symbiosis KW - Horse Diseases -- etiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Horses KW - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Alkaloids -- isolation & purification KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Acremonium -- metabolism KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75546235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Alkaloids+of+Stipa+robusta+%28sleepygrass%29+infected+with+an+Acremonium+endophyte.&rft.au=Petroski%2C+R+J%3BPowell%2C+R+G%3BClay%2C+K&rft.aulast=Petroski&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alkaloid toxins in endophyte-infected grasses. AN - 75523374; 1344917 AB - Grasses infected with clavicipitaceous fungi have been associated with a variety of diseases including classical ergotism in humans and animals, fescue foot and summer syndrome in cattle, and rye-grass staggers in sheep. During the last decade it has been recognized that many of these fungal infections are endophytic; a fungal endophyte is a fungus that grows entirely within the host plant. Inspection of field collections and herbarium specimens has revealed that such infections are widespread in grasses. The chemistry associated with these grass-fungal interactions has proved to be interesting and complex, as each grass-fungal pair results in a unique "fingerprint" of various alkaloids, of which some are highly toxic to herbivores. In many cases the presence of an endophyte appears to benefit the plant by increasing drought resistance, or by increasing resistance to attack by insects, thus improving the overall survivability of the grass. This review will focus on alkaloids that have been reported in endophyte-infected grasses. JF - Natural toxins AU - Powell, R G AU - Petroski, R J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 163 EP - 170 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Toxins, Biological -- toxicity KW - Symbiosis KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Ascomycota -- metabolism KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Acremonium -- metabolism KW - Poaceae -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75523374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Alkaloid+toxins+in+endophyte-infected+grasses.&rft.au=Powell%2C+R+G%3BPetroski%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multisite analyses of spectral-biophysical data for wheat. AN - 745662837; 6298 AB - Reflectance factors and biophysical plant measurements for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) experiments conducted at Lubbock, Texas, Manhattan, Kansas, Phoenix, Arizona, Sidney, Montana, and Weslaco, Texas were fit by various equation forms for six currently used vegetation indices (VI): n-space greenness (GVI), perpendicular (PVI), NIR/RED ratio (RVI), soil adjusted (SAVI2), normalized difference (NDVI), and transformed soil adjusted (TSAVI). The objective was to produce relations from the data pooled across all locations that could be recommended for general use for wheat. Data were analyzed by premaximum leaf area (pre-L sub(max)), post-maximum leaf area (post-L sub(max)), and whole season portions of the growing season. Leaf area index (L) was best estimated from RVI and TSAVI by linear equations, from NDVI and TSAVI by exponential equations, and from the orthogonal indices GVI and PVI equally well by power and quadratic equation forms. These equation forms gave coefficients of determination (R super(2)) that ranged from 0.72 to 0.86, and root mean square errors (RMSE) in estimating L that ranged from 0.63 to 0.90 across locations and measurements that differed in soils, sun angles, cultivars, agronomic treatments, and radiometers. The single best equation form for estimating L from VI across all VI was the power form. The orthogonal indices GVI and PVI were more responsive to canopy architecture than the ratio vegetation indices, and GVI ranked as the best single index. Equations for estimating fractional absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) from VI given herein agree well with empirical and semitheoretical equations and their coefficients found in the literature. Our results demonstrate the robustness of vegetation indices across experiment variables and measurement conditions, and provide general functional relations that should be useful for wheat. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Wiegand, CL AU - Maas, S J AU - Aase, J K AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AU - Jackson, R D AU - Kanemasu, E T AU - Lapitan, R L AD - USDA/ARS, Weslaco, TX, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 21 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Biophysical Plant Measurements KW - Multispectral scanners KW - Plants (botany) KW - Reflectance Factors KW - Wheat KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Optical properties KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 822.3:FOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745662837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Multisite+analyses+of+spectral-biophysical+data+for+wheat.&rft.au=Wiegand%2C+CL%3BMaas%2C+S+J%3BAase%2C+J+K%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr%3BJackson%2C+R+D%3BKanemasu%2C+E+T%3BLapitan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Wiegand&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Optical properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxins in animal and human health. AN - 73063187; 1631352 AB - Aflatoxins remain as a threat to the health of livestock as well as humans by their continuing intermittent occurrence in both feeds and foods. The finding that aflatoxin-contaminated feeds, and eventually purified aflatoxins, were carcinogenic in rats and trout initiated a multitude of studies in search of the role of these toxins in human liver disease, especially cancer. Although aflatoxins have caused acute liver disease in humans, epidemiologic evidence of the involvement of aflatoxins in PLC has not been clarified. Earlier studies did not consider that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) may have contributed to the PLC in the selected populations. Although later studies that did include measurement of the HBV antigen in serum provided conflicting evidence for the role of aflatoxin in PLC in these populations, the latest and most comprehensive study found no association between aflatoxin exposure and PLC mortality. The technological advances and findings of the chemical, immunologic, and metabolic activities of aflatoxins such as binding to DNA and protein to form adducts, development of monoclonal antibodies, and mutational specificity of the genotoxic compounds will, it is hoped, help to clarify the role of aflatoxin as a risk factor, among many others, in the development of primary liver cancer in humans. Aflatoxicosis of animals is usually manifested by pathologic changes in the liver, but they have been found to be carcinogenic and teratogenic as well as causing impaired protein formation, coagulation, weight gains, and immunity. The importance of the carcinogenic effect in livestock is diminished because they are not fed contaminated diets for a sufficient time prior to marketing for slaughter. Animals are variably susceptible to aflatoxins, depending on such factors as age, species, breed, sex, nutrition, and certain stresses. Swine, cattle, and poultry are the domestic species of greatest economic concern in terms of aflatoxicosis. In all species, the evidence of disease is a general unthriftiness and reduction in weight gains, feed efficiency, immunity, and production. More conclusive evidence of aflatoxin involvement in disease includes acute to chronic liver disease with concomitant increases in specific liver enzymes in the serum. In cattle, milk production is affected, but of greater significance is that the aflatoxins in feeds can be rather efficiently converted to toxic metabolites in milk, with even small amounts being readily detectable. The poultry industry probably suffers greater economic loss than any of the livestock industries because of the greater susceptibility of their species to aflatoxins than other species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Robens, J F AU - Richard, J L AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 69 EP - 94 VL - 127 SN - 0179-5953, 0179-5953 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Immunosuppression KW - Food Contamination KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73063187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Aflatoxins+in+animal+and+human+health.&rft.au=Robens%2C+J+F%3BRichard%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Robens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=01795953&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chlorination of chill water on the bacteriologic profile of raw chicken carcasses and giblets. AN - 72831710; 1537692 AB - In March 1989, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service sampled raw chicken carcasses and giblets at a federally inspected slaughter establishment in Puerto Rico to determine the effects of adding chlorine to carcass and giblet chill water on bacterial contents of raw poultry products. Over four 8-hour workdays, 200 carcass rinse samples were collected at 3 sites in the establishment; 39 giblet rinse samples were collected at 1 site. Analyses of the carcass rinse samples indicated that carcasses had average aerobe plate counts of log10 3.20 before chilling and 2.51 after chilling; Enterobacteriaceae counts of log10 2.57 before chilling and 1.75 after chilling; and Escherichia coli counts of log10 2.04 before chilling and 1.20 after chilling. Salmonellae were found on 43% of the carcasses before chilling and on 46% after chilling. Analyses of the giblet and neck rinse samples indicated that raw giblets and necks after chilling had average aerobe plate count of log10 3.49, Enterobacteriaceae count of log10 2.57, and E coli count of log10 1.06. Salmonellae were found on 12% of the giblets and necks sampled. Results compared favorably with giblet and neck rinse sample results obtained during a baseline sampling study in November and December 1987. The baseline results indicated aerobe plate count of log10 3.72; Enterobacteriaceae count of log10 2.90; E coli count of log10 1.14; and salmonellae on 69% of the giblets and necks sampled. Placing raw chicken carcasses in chlorinated chill water reduced aerobe, Enterobacteriaceae, and E coli plate counts. Prevalence of carcasses with salmonellae remained nearly the same.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - James, W O AU - Brewer, R L AU - Prucha, J C AU - Williams, W O AU - Parham, D R AD - USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology, Washington, DC 20250. Y1 - 1992/01/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jan 01 SP - 60 EP - 63 VL - 200 IS - 1 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Puerto Rico KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- drug effects KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Food Microbiology KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72831710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chlorination+of+chill+water+on+the+bacteriologic+profile+of+raw+chicken+carcasses+and+giblets.&rft.au=James%2C+W+O%3BBrewer%2C+R+L%3BPrucha%2C+J+C%3BWilliams%2C+W+O%3BParham%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Profile of selected bacterial counts and Salmonella prevalence on raw poultry in a poultry slaughter establishment. AN - 72828405; 1537691 AB - The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service determined populations of bacteria on poultry during processing at a slaughter plant in Puerto Rico in November and December 1987. The plant was selected because of its management's willingness to support important changes in equipment and processing procedures. The plant was representative of modern slaughter facilities. Eight-hundred samples were collected over 20 consecutive 8-hour days of operation from 5 sites in the processing plant. Results indicated that slaughter, dressing, and chilling practices significantly decreased the bacterial contamination on poultry carcasses, as determined by counts of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli. Salmonella was not enumerated; rather, it was determined to be present or absent by culturing almost the entire rinse. The prevalence of Salmonella in the study decreased during evisceration, then increased during immersion chilling. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - James, W O AU - Williams, W O AU - Prucha, J C AU - Johnston, R AU - Christensen, W AD - USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20250. Y1 - 1992/01/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jan 01 SP - 57 EP - 59 VL - 200 IS - 1 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Meat KW - Animals KW - Abattoirs KW - Puerto Rico KW - Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development KW - Prevalence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Poultry -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72828405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Profile+of+selected+bacterial+counts+and+Salmonella+prevalence+on+raw+poultry+in+a+poultry+slaughter+establishment.&rft.au=James%2C+W+O%3BWilliams%2C+W+O%3BPrucha%2C+J+C%3BJohnston%2C+R%3BChristensen%2C+W&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The SCS/ARS/CES pesticide properties database for environmental decision-making. AN - 72785802; 1732992 AB - The only thing all pesticides have in common is that they are used to control pests. Otherwise, they come from almost every imaginable class of chemical. Everyone associated with pesticide use--farmers, Extension, EPA, state regulatory agencies, manufacturers, and environmentalists--needs information that will allow them to distinguish between pesticides that may be a problem as pollutants in certain situations, and those which may not. There are five basic properties that, when combined with information about site and use, provide much information about the potential of a pesticide to be a pollutant. These five properties are solubility in water, volatility, soil sorption tendency, persistence, and ionization potential. We have compiled the most complete collection of these properties available, using others' compilations but verifying values from the primary literature in many cases. A complete primary literature search was not done. For each parameter we suggest a "Selected Value" which we believe to be the best available, recognizing, however, that persistence and soil sorption are sensitive to specific site conditions. These Selected Values are being incorporated into pesticide environmental-impact risk assessment procedures by state and federal agencies, and are considered to be consensus values. However, there is a serious potential for misuse of these data, particularly the error of using small differences between active ingredients to make regulatory distinctions between them. The ability to relate these data to environmental impact is an essential need and is improving, but is currently at a primitive level. JF - Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Buttler, T M AU - Hornsby, A G AU - Augustijn-Beckers, P W AU - Burt, J P AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia 31793. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 155 VL - 123 SN - 0179-5953, 0179-5953 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Decision Making KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Databases, Factual KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72785802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=The+SCS%2FARS%2FCES+pesticide+properties+database+for+environmental+decision-making.&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+R+D%3BButtler%2C+T+M%3BHornsby%2C+A+G%3BAugustijn-Beckers%2C+P+W%3BBurt%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=01795953&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1992-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extracellular volume estimation from ratios of bromide to chloride in urine or saliva. AN - 72750911; 1728039 AB - Use of either urine or saliva samples to estimate extracellular water volume was investigated in 10 men using nonradioactive bromide (Br) and in seven newborn piglets using radioactive Br (82Br) and chloride (36Cl). The relation to Br to Cl concentrations in urine enabled an estimation of Br dilution volume from human urine (267 +/- 42 ml/kg, mean +/- SD) that was not significantly different (P = 1.0) from the Br dilution volume calculated from plasma Br concentration (268 +/- 20 ml/kg). Although the Br dilution volume estimated from saliva was not different from that of plasma, the error in the estimates of Br dilution volume from saliva was too large (mean difference, -36 +/- 64 ml/kg) to make its use practical. The data from piglets showed good agreement between 82Br and 36Cl dilution volumes calculated from 4-hr plasma samples (356 +/- 14 ml/kg and 347 +2- 12 ml/kg; P greater than 0.1) and between 82Br dilution volumes calculated from urine 82Br:36Cl and plasma 82Br (360 +/- 31 ml/kg and 356 +/- 14 ml/kg; P greater than 0.1). Extracellular water volume can be estimated in both adult and young animals using the Br dilution volume calculated from urine samples. It requires (i) two urine collections: one before and one 4 to 8 hr after administration of Br; (ii) a measurement or estimate of plasma Cl concentration; and (iii) a correction factor that describes the relationship of the ratio of Br to Cl in urine to that ratio in plasma. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Mørkeberg, J C AU - Sheng, H P AU - Huggins, R A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 68 EP - 74 VL - 199 IS - 1 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Bromides KW - 0 KW - Bromine Radioisotopes KW - Chlorides KW - Radioisotopes KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Male KW - Bromides -- blood KW - Bromides -- urine KW - Extracellular Space -- physiology KW - Extracellular Space -- chemistry KW - Saliva -- chemistry KW - Bromides -- metabolism KW - Chlorides -- urine KW - Chlorides -- metabolism KW - Chlorides -- blood KW - Urine -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72750911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Extracellular+volume+estimation+from+ratios+of+bromide+to+chloride+in+urine+or+saliva.&rft.au=M%C3%B8rkeberg%2C+J+C%3BSheng%2C+H+P%3BHuggins%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=M%C3%B8rkeberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=199&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Is Rural? AN - 61327290; 9303393 AB - Detachment from rural living, the declining role of farming in rural life, & changes in the sectoral composition of the rural economy have made traditional definitions of rural meaningless. Three characteristics distinguish rural from urban areas: (1) small-scale, low-density settlement; (2) distance from large urban centers; & (3) specialization of rural economies. A contemporary definition of rural must differentiate between types of rural areas, & should take into account such factors as farm dependence, proximity to large urban areas, size of adjacent metro area, & rate of growth of urban area. D. Generoli JF - The Policy Studies Journal AU - Deavers, Ken AD - Agriculture & Rural Economy Division USDA Economic Research Service, 14th St & Independence Ave SW Washington DC 20250-0001 Y1 - 1992///0, PY - 1992 DA - 0, 1992 SP - 184 EP - 189 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0190-292X, 0190-292X KW - rural, definition/characteristics KW - Methodology (Philosophical) KW - Theoretical Problems KW - Rurality KW - article KW - 1116: rural sociology and agriculture; rural sociology (village, agriculture) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61327290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Policy+Studies+Journal&rft.atitle=What+Is+Rural%3F&rft.au=Deavers%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Deavers&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Policy+Studies+Journal&rft.issn=0190292X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - PSJOD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rurality; Theoretical Problems; Methodology (Philosophical) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient cycling at Marcell Bog, Minnesota AN - 52805984; 1996-066870 JF - Suo AU - Verry, Elon S AU - Urban, Noel R A2 - Vasander, Harri A2 - Starr, Michael Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 147 EP - 153 PB - Suoseura, Helsinki VL - 43 IS - 4-5 SN - 0039-5471, 0039-5471 KW - United States KW - nutrients KW - Minnesota KW - mires KW - circulation KW - carbon KW - sulfur KW - Marcell Bog KW - nitrogen KW - geochemical cycle KW - bogs KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52805984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suo&rft.atitle=Nutrient+cycling+at+Marcell+Bog%2C+Minnesota&rft.au=Verry%2C+Elon+S%3BUrban%2C+Noel+R&rft.aulast=Verry&rft.aufirst=Elon&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Suo&rft.issn=00395471&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International workshop on Carbon cycling in Boreal peatlands and climate change N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from FINGEO, Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SUOOAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bogs; carbon; circulation; geochemical cycle; Marcell Bog; Minnesota; mires; nitrogen; nutrients; sulfur; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riparian area management; procedures for ecological site inventory; with special reference to riparian-wetland sites AN - 52336781; 2000-052874 JF - Technical Reference - U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Service Center AU - Leonard, Steve AU - Staidl, George AU - Fogg, Jim AU - Gebhardt, Karl AU - Hagenbuck, Warren AU - Prichard, Don Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 135 PB - U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Service Center, Denver, CO KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - biodiversity KW - terrestrial environment KW - cartography KW - surface water KW - regional planning KW - legislation KW - water management KW - vegetation KW - environmental analysis KW - biota KW - habitat KW - riparian environment KW - wetlands KW - inventory KW - land management KW - classification KW - paludal environment KW - ecology KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52336781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Steve%3BStaidl%2C+George%3BFogg%2C+Jim%3BGebhardt%2C+Karl%3BHagenbuck%2C+Warren%3BPrichard%2C+Don&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Riparian+area+management%3B+procedures+for+ecological+site+inventory%3B+with+special+reference+to+riparian-wetland+sites&rft.title=Riparian+area+management%3B+procedures+for+ecological+site+inventory%3B+with+special+reference+to+riparian-wetland+sites&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04988 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodiversity; biota; cartography; classification; ecology; environmental analysis; habitat; hydrology; inventory; land management; land use; legislation; paludal environment; regional planning; riparian environment; soils; surface water; terrestrial environment; vegetation; water management; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U. S. Department of Agriculture/Soil Conservation Service Montana Water Program AN - 51706725; 2005-041947 JF - Special Publication - State of Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology AU - Epps, Alan C A2 - Miller, Kathleen J. A2 - Bugosh, Nicholas Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 3 PB - Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Butte, MT VL - 103 SN - 0077-1139, 0077-1139 KW - United States KW - soils KW - best management practices KW - water quality KW - programs KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - Montana KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51706725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+State+of+Montana+Bureau+of+Mines+and+Geology&rft.atitle=U.+S.+Department+of+Agriculture%2FSoil+Conservation+Service+Montana+Water+Program&rft.au=Epps%2C+Alan+C&rft.aulast=Epps&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+State+of+Montana+Bureau+of+Mines+and+Geology&rft.issn=00771139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Northern Rocky Mountain water congress '90 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MT N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MBGSAL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - best management practices; ground water; Montana; pollution; programs; soils; surface water; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global soil data bases AN - 51609473; 2006-026799 JF - Technical Program Abstracts - International Geographical Congress AU - Bliss, Norman B AU - Eswaran, Hari AU - Lytle, Dennis AU - Lammers, Duane A2 - De Souza, Anthony R. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 56 PB - International Geographical Congress, [location varies] VL - 27 KW - soils KW - soil profiles KW - geophysical surveys KW - global KW - government agencies KW - geophysical methods KW - data processing KW - international cooperation KW - mapping KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - multispectral analysis KW - AVHRR KW - Landsat KW - infrared methods KW - data bases KW - surveys KW - United Nations KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51609473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Program+Abstracts+-+International+Geographical+Congress&rft.atitle=Global+soil+data+bases&rft.au=Bliss%2C+Norman+B%3BEswaran%2C+Hari%3BLytle%2C+Dennis%3BLammers%2C+Duane&rft.aulast=Bliss&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Program+Abstracts+-+International+Geographical+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 27th international geographical congress N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03849 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; AVHRR; data bases; data processing; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; global; government agencies; infrared methods; international cooperation; Landsat; mapping; multispectral analysis; remote sensing; soil profiles; soils; surveys; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United Nations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ten years of applications of ground penetrating radar by the United State Department of Agriculture AN - 50309527; 1993-040615 JF - Special Paper - Geological Survey of Finland AU - Doolittle, J A AU - Asmussen, L E Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 139 EP - 147 PB - Geologian Tutkimuskeskus, Espoo VL - 16 SN - 0782-8535, 0782-8535 KW - United States KW - soils KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - geophysical methods KW - electromagnetic methods KW - agriculture KW - radar methods KW - applications KW - horizons KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50309527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Paper+-+Geological+Survey+of+Finland&rft.atitle=Ten+years+of+applications+of+ground+penetrating+radar+by+the+United+State+Department+of+Agriculture&rft.au=Doolittle%2C+J+A%3BAsmussen%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Paper+-+Geological+Survey+of+Finland&rft.issn=07828535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fourth international conference on Ground penetrating radar N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 p. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diags. N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; applications; electromagnetic methods; geophysical methods; ground-penetrating radar; horizons; radar methods; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1992 field symposium ; Engineering and environmental geology of southwestern Utah AN - 50239641; 1994-035599 JF - Utah Geological Association Publication AU - Rasely, Robert C AU - Robison, Robert M AU - Whiting, Duane L AU - Wright, Mary Ann AU - Harty, Kimm M AU - Rollins, Kyle M A2 - Harty, Kimm M. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 336 EP - 342 PB - Utah Geological Association, Salt Lake City, UT VL - 21 SN - 0375-8176, 0375-8176 KW - United States KW - Iron Mountain KW - Kern River Pipeline KW - Basin and Range Province KW - MacFarlane coal mine KW - Cretaceous KW - reclamation KW - Straight Cliffs Formation KW - field trips KW - Upper Cretaceous KW - pipelines KW - road log KW - Tropic Shale KW - Newcastle Utah KW - mining geology KW - mass movements KW - Cedar Canyon KW - Cedar City Utah KW - soil mechanics KW - North America KW - Antelope Fault KW - Mesozoic KW - southwestern Utah KW - landslides KW - Iron County Utah KW - Dakota Formation KW - Utah KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 13:Areal geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50239641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Utah+Geological+Association+Publication&rft.atitle=1992+field+symposium+%3B+Engineering+and+environmental+geology+of+southwestern+Utah&rft.au=Rasely%2C+Robert+C%3BRobison%2C+Robert+M%3BWhiting%2C+Duane+L%3BWright%2C+Mary+Ann%3BHarty%2C+Kimm+M%3BRollins%2C+Kyle+M&rft.aulast=Rasely&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Utah+Geological+Association+Publication&rft.issn=03758176&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 field symposium ; Engineering and environmental geology of southwestern Utah N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. col. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - UGAPB4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antelope Fault; Basin and Range Province; Cedar Canyon; Cedar City Utah; Cretaceous; Dakota Formation; field trips; Iron County Utah; Iron Mountain; Kern River Pipeline; landslides; MacFarlane coal mine; mass movements; Mesozoic; mining geology; Newcastle Utah; North America; pipelines; reclamation; road log; soil mechanics; southwestern Utah; Straight Cliffs Formation; Tropic Shale; United States; Upper Cretaceous; Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1992 field symposium ; Engineering and environmental geology of southwestern Utah AN - 50238834; 1994-035598 JF - Utah Geological Association Publication AU - Rasely, Robert C AU - Wright, Mary Ann AU - Christenson, Gary E AU - Solomon, Barry J AU - Lowe, Mike AU - Everitt, Benjamin AU - Gourley, Chad AU - Payton, C Charles A2 - Harty, Kimm M. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 324 EP - 335 PB - Utah Geological Association, Salt Lake City, UT VL - 21 SN - 0375-8176, 0375-8176 KW - United States KW - North America KW - failures KW - Silver Reef Mine KW - geologic hazards KW - Basin and Range Province KW - field trips KW - Saint George Basin KW - Mesozoic KW - road log KW - southwestern Utah KW - Santa Clara Utah KW - Quail Creek Dam KW - Washington County Utah KW - dams KW - Hurricane Fault KW - Utah KW - Beaver Dam Mountains KW - basalt flows KW - Moenave Formation KW - Cedar City Utah KW - 13:Areal geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50238834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Utah+Geological+Association+Publication&rft.atitle=1992+field+symposium+%3B+Engineering+and+environmental+geology+of+southwestern+Utah&rft.au=Rasely%2C+Robert+C%3BWright%2C+Mary+Ann%3BChristenson%2C+Gary+E%3BSolomon%2C+Barry+J%3BLowe%2C+Mike%3BEveritt%2C+Benjamin%3BGourley%2C+Chad%3BPayton%2C+C+Charles&rft.aulast=Rasely&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Utah+Geological+Association+Publication&rft.issn=03758176&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 field symposium ; Engineering and environmental geology of southwestern Utah N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. col. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - UGAPB4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basalt flows; Basin and Range Province; Beaver Dam Mountains; Cedar City Utah; dams; failures; field trips; geologic hazards; Hurricane Fault; Mesozoic; Moenave Formation; North America; Quail Creek Dam; road log; Saint George Basin; Santa Clara Utah; Silver Reef Mine; southwestern Utah; United States; Utah; Washington County Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Our agricultural landscape; improving image preservation and end-user image access through laser disc technology AN - 50186864; 1995-010451 JF - Proceedings - Geoscience Information Society AU - Fusonie, Alan AU - Young, Ronald Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 33 EP - 38 PB - Geoscience Information Society, [location varies] VL - 23 SN - 0072-1409, 0072-1409 KW - soils KW - imagery KW - data handling KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - agriculture KW - laser discs KW - photography KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - geographic information systems KW - information systems KW - data retrieval KW - data storage KW - management KW - preservation KW - instruments KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50186864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Geoscience+Information+Society&rft.atitle=Our+agricultural+landscape%3B+improving+image+preservation+and+end-user+image+access+through+laser+disc+technology&rft.au=Fusonie%2C+Alan%3BYoung%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=Fusonie&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=0934485216&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Geoscience+Information+Society&rft.issn=00721409&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geoscience Information Society, twenty-seventh meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - GISPAL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; data handling; data processing; data retrieval; data storage; geographic information systems; government agencies; imagery; information systems; instruments; laser discs; management; photography; preservation; soils; U. S. Department of Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wind tunnel evaluation of a computer program to model spray drift. AN - 25931380; 0001890 (EN); 0001890 (CI) AB - A computer program (Fluent super((R))) was evaluated for use in modeling the drift of spray droplets delivered by atomizers. A uniform-size droplet generator and wind tunnel were also used to determine drift distances for various droplet sizes, wind velocities and other operating conditions. Drift distances determined experimentally for droplet sizes ranging from 148 to 424 mu m diameter and wind velocities ranging from 0.5 to 6.2 m/s agreed well with distances predicted by the computer program. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Reichard, D L AU - Zhu, H AU - Fox, R D AU - Brazee, R D AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Wooster, OH, USA PY - 1992 SP - 755 EP - 758 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Spraying KW - Computer software KW - Wind tunnels KW - Atomizers KW - Article KW - EE 651.2:Wind Tunnels KW - EE 631.1:Fluid Flow (General) KW - EE 723.5:Computer Applications KW - EE 443:METEOROLOGY (EN) KW - EE 443:METEOROLOGY (CI) KW - EE 631.1:FLUID FLOW (GENERAL) KW - EE 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - EE 651.2:WIND TUNNELS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25931380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Wind+tunnel+evaluation+of+a+computer+program+to+model+spray+drift.&rft.au=Reichard%2C+D+L%3BZhu%2C+H%3BFox%2C+R+D%3BBrazee%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Reichard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - General, process-oriented model for two competing plant species. AN - 25653447; 0001897 (EN); 0001897 (CI) AB - Simulation models for the interaction between weeds and crops generally are simple, empirical equations which lack generality across locations or species or are so complex and difficult to apply that their use by independent researchers is not feasible. The objective of this article is to describe and demonstrate a user-oriented model for weed-crop competition with enough detail to be general across locations and species but not so complex that independent users cannot apply it to their situations. The ALMANAC model described in this article contains the detailed functions for water balance, nutrient cycling, and plant growth as in the EPIC model, and additional detail for light competition, population density effects, and vapor pressure deficit effects which enable it to simulate the growth and seed yield of two competing plant species in a wide range of environments. It reasonably simulates the impacts of infestations of johnsongrass, foxtail species, or cocklebur on yields of maize, soybean, and wheat. This model should be a useful tool for simulating management strategies related to weed control. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Kiniry, J R AU - Williams, J R AU - Gassmann, P W AU - Debaeke, P AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Temple, TX, USA PY - 1992 SP - 801 EP - 810 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Biology KW - Mathematical models KW - Weed control KW - Crops KW - Computer simulation KW - Article KW - EE 461.2:Biological Materials KW - EE 723.5:Computer Applications KW - W4 723.5:Computer Applications (CI) KW - W4 921.6:Numerical Methods KW - EE 921.6:Numerical Methods KW - EE 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - W4 461.2:Biological Materials KW - W4 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - EE 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25653447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=General%2C+process-oriented+model+for+two+competing+plant+species.&rft.au=Kiniry%2C+J+R%3BWilliams%2C+J+R%3BGassmann%2C+P+W%3BDebaeke%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kiniry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - COMPACT. A reclamation soil compaction model Part I. Model development AN - 25567392; 2001-36-000373 (CE); 2001-21-026672 (MT); 0129124 (EN) AB - A physically based, event oriented soil compaction model; known as COMPACT, was developed as a management or research tool to evaluate the effect of surface mining systems on compaction of soil material during reclamation. Simulation of compaction throughout the soil profile at a surface mining reclamation site requires information describing how equipment moves on the site. The compaction processes that are caused by vehicles throughout the soil profile are described by applying the pressure distribution of the surface contact area of a tire or track to determine stresses in the soil profile. A virgin compression curve is then used to determine bulk density at any point within the soil profile. COMPACT predicts compaction of reconstructed patterns, type of vehicles, and type of soil material. Development of the simulation model is described in this article. JF - TRANS ASAE AU - Bingner, R L AU - Wells, L G AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Oxford, MS, USA PY - 1992 SP - 405 EP - 413 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Compacts KW - Mathematical models KW - Soil (material) KW - Reclamation KW - Vehicles KW - Automotive components KW - Computer simulation KW - Surface mining KW - Soil compaction KW - Bulk density KW - Management KW - Contact pressure KW - Stress concentration KW - Tires KW - Compressing KW - Contact stresses KW - Article KW - EE 442:FLOOD CONTROL (EN) KW - EE 723:COMPUTER SOFTWARE, DATA HANDLING AND APPLICATIONS KW - EE 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - EE 483:SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATIONS KW - EE 502:MINES AND QUARRY EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25567392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TRANS+ASAE&rft.atitle=COMPACT.+A+reclamation+soil+compaction+model+Part+I.+Model+development&rft.au=Bingner%2C+R+L%3BWells%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Bingner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TRANS+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bidirectional calibration results for 11 Spectralon and 16 BaSO sub(4) reference reflectance panels. AN - 25549420; 2001-14-001990 (CE); 0000081 (EN) AB - Eleven Spectralon (a sintered polytetrafluoroethylene-based material) and 16 BaSO sub(4) reference reflectance panels were calibrated using a field calibration technique. The Spectralon panels differed both in their directional/hemispherical and directional/directional reflectance. However, the differences were sufficiently small that 'general' calibration equations were developed. For panels constructed of the same material and with the same methods as those used in these experiments, the directional/directional reflectance may be within plus or minus 0.020 at 10 degree , plus or minus 0.015 at 45 degree , and plus or minus 0.041 at 80 degree of that predicted by the 'general' equations. For field measurements, these values are considerably better than those that would be obtained using a value of the directional/hemispherical reflectance. The directional/directional reflectance of the 16 BaSO sub(4) panels varied considerably among panels, so much so that it was not feasible to develop 'general' calibration equations. Apparently, the nonlambertian properties of BaSO sub(4) panels are dependent upon the method of applying the barium sulfate coating. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Jackson, Ray D AU - Clarke, Thomas R AU - Moran, MSusan AD - USDA/ARS, Phoenix, AZ, USA PY - 1992 SP - 231 EP - 239 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Panels KW - Reflectivity KW - Calibration KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Spectra KW - Construction materials KW - Environment KW - Coating KW - Remote sensing KW - Barite KW - Article KW - EE 817.2:PLASTICS APPLICATIONS (EN) KW - EE 944.8:RADIATION MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 454.1:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25549420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Bidirectional+calibration+results+for+11+Spectralon+and+16+BaSO+sub%284%29+reference+reflectance+panels.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Ray+D%3BClarke%2C+Thomas+R%3BMoran%2C+MSusan&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ion Elution and Release Sequence from Deep Snowpacks in the Central Sierra Nevada, California AN - 19148889; 9207227 AB - Recrystallization and other processes influence the temporal and spatial release of solutes from the snowpack. Most of the work on elution of solutes from snowpacks has been conducted in Europe or the middle and eastern United States. Elution of Cl(-) , SO4(2-), NO3(-), and H(+) often occurred in that order at a site in the Sierra Nevada, California, that receives an annual average of 1000 cm of snowfall low in acidic components. During eight winter periods of above-base level snowpack outflow, and one spring melt period, an average of 25% of the ions were discharged at the following percentages of flow volumes: Cl(-) at 11%, NO3(-) at 13%, SO4(2-) at 18%, and H(+) at 20%. Seven of eight winter outflows were associated with low ionic strength rainfall onto the snowpack. Mean solute concentrations during the first 25% and first 50% of the total outflow were significantly greater than during the last 75% and last 50% of the total outflow for Cl(-), NO3(-), and SO4(2-), but not for H( +). Maximum solute concentrations were up to 2.9 times the overall event volume-weighted mean concentration for Cl(-), 3.7 times for NO3(-), 3.0 times for SO4(2-), and 2.9 times for H(+). (Author's abstract) JF - Water, Air and Soil Pollution WAPLAC, Vol. 61, No. 1/2, p 139-168, January 1992. 6 fig, 3 tab, 22 ref. AU - Berg, N H AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - Jan 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Acid rain KW - *California KW - *Path of pollutants KW - *Sierra Nevada KW - *Snow KW - *Snow recrystallization KW - *Snowmelt KW - *Solute transport KW - Acidic water KW - Chlorides KW - Ions KW - Nitrates KW - Seasonal variation KW - Sulfates KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19148889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ion+Elution+and+Release+Sequence+from+Deep+Snowpacks+in+the+Central+Sierra+Nevada%2C+California&rft.au=Berg%2C+N+H&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of countercurrent scalding and post-scald spray on the bacteriologic profile of raw chicken carcasses AN - 16967740; 3620912 AB - In June and September 1988, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service sampled raw chicken carcasses at a federally inspected slaughter establishment in Puerto Rico to determine the effects of changing the scalding equipment on bacterial contents of raw poultry products. The scalding equipment was changed to a countercurrent configuration, with a postscald hot-water rinse cabinet that sprayed carcasses as they exited the scalder. Analysis of 250 carcass-rinse samples collected at preevisceration, prechill, and postchill sites over 7 days indicated that carcasses had mean aerobe plate counts of log sub(10)3.73 before evisceration, 3.18 before chilling, and 2.87 after chilling; Enterobacteriaceae counts of log sub(10)2.70 before evisceration, 2.25 before chilling, and 1.56 after chilling; and Escherichia coli counts of log sub(10)2.09 before evisceration, 1.61 before chilling, and 0.89 after chilling. Salmonellae were found on 24% of the carcasses before evisceration, on 28% before chilling, and on 49% after chilling. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - James, W O AU - Prucha, J C AU - Brewer, R L AU - Williams, WO Jr AU - Christensen, WA AU - Thaler, A M AU - Hogue, A T AD - USDA Food Saf. and Insp. Serv., Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 705 EP - 708 VL - 201 IS - 5 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - profile KW - countercurrent scalding KW - postscald spray KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - poultry KW - bacteria KW - carcasses KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16967740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+countercurrent+scalding+and+post-scald+spray+on+the+bacteriologic+profile+of+raw+chicken+carcasses&rft.au=James%2C+W+O%3BPrucha%2C+J+C%3BBrewer%2C+R+L%3BWilliams%2C+WO+Jr%3BChristensen%2C+WA%3BThaler%2C+A+M%3BHogue%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; carcasses; poultry; food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycoparasitism of soilborne plant pathogens AN - 16950889; 3620301 AB - Microbial communities in soil include a diversity of microorganisms whose interactions influence microbial survival. The biological activity of a soil consists of complex biochemical processes and ecological events which contribute to the checks and balances regulating the growth and survival of microbial populations. Thus, equilibria are established in soil partly as the result of antagonistic processes termed (a) competition; (b) antibiosis, including fungistasis, lysis, and bacterial necrosis; and (c) mycoparasitism. This antagonism results in the direct or indirect adverse effect of one individual or population on another. All of these factors bring about biological buffering in soil and influence the activity, longevity, and survival of fungal mycelia and propagules. Mycoparasitism, also referred to as "hyperparasitism" and "direct" or "interfungus parasitism", involves the direct interaction of one fungus (the mycoparasite) on another fungus (the mycohost). Although poorly understood, it appears to be of widespread occurrence. Examples of mycoparasitism can be found among all groups of fungi from the chytrids to the higher Basidiomycetes. A table illustrates selected examples of mycoparasitic combinations that have been studied in vivo or described from natural soils. This list includes both parasites with very broad host ranges, such as Trichoderma spp., as well as those with a limited host range, such as Sporidesmium sclerotivorum. Two broad types of mycoparasitic interactions are recognized. JF - MYCOLOGY SERIES. 1992. AU - Lumsden, R D AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA A2 - Carroll, GC A2 - Wicklow, DT (eds) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 PB - MARCEL DEKKER, INC., NEW YORK, NY (USA) SN - 0730-9597, 0730-9597 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - reviews KW - fungi KW - soil microorganisms KW - soil-borne diseases KW - pathogens KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - K 03092:Others KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16950889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Industrial+and+Applied+Microbiology+Abstracts+%28Microbiology+A%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Lumsden&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=082478605X&rft.btitle=Mycoparasitism+of+soilborne+plant+pathogens&rft.title=Mycoparasitism+of+soilborne+plant+pathogens&rft.issn=07309597&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; pathogens; soil-borne diseases; reviews; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and characterization of shuttle plasmids for lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli AN - 16917322; 3593654 AB - The chimeric plasmid pBN183 was first constructed in Escherichia coli by ligating the BamHI-digested E. coli plasmid pBR322 and a Bg/II-linearized streptococcal plasmid, pNZ18. The pBN183 transformed E. coli to Ap super(R) at a frequency of (8.2 plus or minus 1.2) x 10 super(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ mu g DNA. Electrotransformation of Streptococcus thermophilus with pBN183 yielded Cm super(R), Ap super(S) clones at a frequency of (2.6 plus or minus 0.3) x 10 super(1) CFU/ mu g DNA. Plasmid screening with pBN183-transformed S. thermophilus clones revealed that ca. 70% of these transformants contained deleted plasmids. Plasmid pBN183A, a pBN183 deletion mutant lacking one copy of a tandemly arranged, highly homologous DNA sequence, was isolated for further study. It transformed E. coli to Ap super(R) and S. thermophilus to Cm super(R) with frequencies of (4.8 plus or minus 0.1) x 10 super(5) and (8.1 plus or minus 0.2) x 10 super(2) CFU/ mu g DNA, respectively. Screening of S. thermophilus transformants did not show the presence of deleted plasmids. Based on the structure of pBN183A, a new shuttle plasmid, pDBN183, was constructed from pBN183 by removal of the small (1.2 kb) SalI fragment. Transformation frequencies of pDBN183 were (5.0 plus or minus 1.3) x 10 super(5) and (4.6 plus or minus 0.2) x 10 super(2) CFU/ mu g DNA with E. coli and S. thermophilus, respectively. In contrast to the parent pBN183, only 17% of the pDBN183-transformed S. thermophilus contained deleted plasmids. Plasmid copy numbers of the three vectors in E. coli were estimated at 17-18 per chromosome. The three plasmids conferred Ap super(R) and Cm super(R) to E. coli, but only Cm super(R) to S. thermophilus. The insertion of a Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase gene (choA) into pDBN183 did not affect the plasmid's stability in Lactobacillus casei, but resulted in deletion of the recombinant DNA in S. thermophilus. JF - Plasmid AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Steinberg, D H AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 25 EP - 36 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - plasmid pBN183 KW - plasmid pBR322 KW - shuttle vectors KW - cholesterol oxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - genes KW - transformation KW - mutants KW - deletion KW - Escherichia coli KW - plasmids KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - N 14674:Transformation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16917322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Construction+and+characterization+of+shuttle+plasmids+for+lactic+acid+bacteria+and+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Streptococcus thermophilus; transformation; plasmids; deletion; mutants; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rice cystatin: Bacterial expression, purification, cysteine proteinase inhibitory activity, and insect growth suppressing activity of a truncated form of the protein AN - 16912689; 3593153 AB - A cDNA clone that encodes oryzacystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor from rice, was isolated and expressed in Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE3) using an expression plasmid under the control of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter. The construct pT7OC 9b encoded a fusion protein containing 11 amino acid residues of the NH sub(2) terminus of the bacterial protein Phi 10 and 79 residues of oryzacystatin lacking 23 NH sub(2)-terminal residues of the wild-type protein. Recombinant oryzacystatin (ROC) constituted approximately 10% of the total bacterial protein mass and was purified in a single step by anion-exchange chromatography. The inhibitory activity of ROC toward papain (K sub(i) = 3 x 10 super(-8) M) was comparable with that of the naturally occurring protein isolated from rice. Caseinolytic activity in midgut homogenates from seven species of stored product insects was inhibited from 18 to 85% by ROC, whereas the same activity was inhibited from 14 to 69% by the serine proteinase inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Midguts of stored product insects apparently contain both cysteine proteinases and serine proteinases, but the relative amounts vary with the species. When fed to the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, 10 wt% ROC in the diet suppressed growth approximately 35% relative to that of the control group of insects. JF - Protein Expression and Purification AU - Chen, Ming-Shun AU - Johnson, B AU - Wen, L AU - Muthukrishnan, S AU - Kramer, K J AU - morgan, T D AU - Reeck, G R AD - U.S. Grain Market. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 41 EP - 49 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1046-5928, 1046-5928 KW - oryzacystatin KW - cysteine proteinase KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning KW - Coleoptera KW - inhibition KW - purification KW - enzymes KW - Tenebrionidae KW - Tribolium castaneum KW - cDNA KW - Escherichia coli KW - gene expression KW - growth regulators KW - Z 05191:Physiology KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protein+Expression+and+Purification&rft.atitle=Rice+cystatin%3A+Bacterial+expression%2C+purification%2C+cysteine+proteinase+inhibitory+activity%2C+and+insect+growth+suppressing+activity+of+a+truncated+form+of+the+protein&rft.au=Chen%2C+Ming-Shun%3BJohnson%2C+B%3BWen%2C+L%3BMuthukrishnan%2C+S%3BKramer%2C+K+J%3Bmorgan%2C+T+D%3BReeck%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Ming-Shun&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Protein+Expression+and+Purification&rft.issn=10465928&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tribolium castaneum; Escherichia coli; Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera; gene expression; purification; enzymes; inhibition; cDNA; cloning; growth regulators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scanning electron microscopy of Fusarium moniliforme within asymptomatic corn kernels and kernels associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia AN - 16895718; 3589030 AB - Fusarium moniliforme, a pathogen of corn, produces a variety of mycotoxins. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the association of this fungus with asymptomatic kernels of corn and kernels associated with a specific animal toxicity, equine leukoencephalomalacia. The location of F. moniliforme in all asymptomatic kernels examined was always the pedicel or tip cap end of kernels. These observations suggest that, although it is unknown, the point of entry into asymptomatic kernels by the fungus is probably the same. The fungus was found within the embryo and endosperm in kernels associated with animal toxicity. In some toxic kernels, the fungus had undergone extensive growth and sporulation, producing microconidia that were similar to a known isolate of this species cultured on agar media. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bacon, C W AU - Bennett, R M AU - Hinton, D M AU - Voss, KA AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Russell Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 144 EP - 148 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Zea mays KW - infection KW - scanning electron microscopy KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Scanning+electron+microscopy+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+within+asymptomatic+corn+kernels+and+kernels+associated+with+equine+leukoencephalomalacia&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W%3BBennett%2C+R+M%3BHinton%2C+D+M%3BVoss%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Zea mays; infection; scanning electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the wheat glume blotch fungus, Phaeosphaeria nodorum AN - 16873033; 3578336 AB - To develop genetic markers in the fungus Phaeosphaeria nodorum, incitant of leaf and glume blotch of cereals and grasses, genomic DNA from 11 geographically diverse isolates from wheat was used to compare restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). An isolate from winter wheat in Cayuga County, New York, was used to construct genomic clones, of which 56 were randomly chosen as probes. Twenty-two of the probes produced unique hybridization patterns with the 11 isolates. RFLP loci exhibited one (13 probes), two (seven probes), three (one probe), or four (one probe) fragment length variants. The isolates could be differentiated by hybridization with a combination of as few as two probes. Our results suggest that DNA fingerprinting may be a useful method for assessing the amount and distribution over space and time of genetic variation in populations of P. nodorum as well as for following the fate of introduced 'marked' isolates in epidemiological studies. RFLPs may also have utility in developing genetic maps of P. nodorum for virulence and other traits. JF - Phytopathology AU - Ueng, P P AU - Bergstrom, G C AU - Slay, R M AU - Geiger, E A AU - Shaner, G AU - Scharen, AL AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1302 EP - 1305 VL - 82 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - blotch KW - Phaeosphaeria nodorum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16873033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Restriction+fragment+length+polymorphisms+in+the+wheat+glume+blotch+fungus%2C+Phaeosphaeria+nodorum&rft.au=Ueng%2C+P+P%3BBergstrom%2C+G+C%3BSlay%2C+R+M%3BGeiger%2C+E+A%3BShaner%2C+G%3BScharen%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Ueng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Triticum aestivum; restriction fragment length polymorphism; blotch ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogenase activity, nodule respiration, and O sub(2) permeability following detopping of alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil AN - 16824759; 3553465 AB - Gas exchange measurements and noninvasive leghemoglobin (Lb) spectrophotometry (nodule oximetry) were used to monitor nodule responses to shoot removal in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv Weevlchek) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. cv Fergus). In each species, total nitrogenase activity, measured as H sub(2) evolution in Ar:O sub(2) (80:20), decreased to 0.65 for a majority of nodules of each species. This increase could lead to O sub(2) inactivation of nitrogenase. JF - Plant Physiology AU - Denison, R F AU - Hunt, S AU - Layzell, D B AD - USDA-ARS, Beckley, WV 25802, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 894 EP - 900 VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - nitrogenase KW - oxygen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - respiration KW - nodules KW - defoliation KW - Lotus corniculatus KW - permeability KW - activity KW - Medicago sativa KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Nitrogenase+activity%2C+nodule+respiration%2C+and+O+sub%282%29+permeability+following+detopping+of+alfalfa+and+birdsfoot+trefoil&rft.au=Denison%2C+R+F%3BHunt%2C+S%3BLayzell%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Denison&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=894&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Lotus corniculatus; defoliation; nodules; activity; respiration; permeability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and growth response of bacteria in soil following application of carbofuran AN - 16793193; 3548711 AB - Enhanced biodegradation of carbofuran (2, 3-dihydro-2, 2 dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methyl carbamate) is an economically significant, but poorly understood, microbial phenomenon in soil. A series of experiments was conducted to examine short term changes in soil bacterial populations stimulated by carbofuran application at field rates. In the field experiment, commercially formulated carbofuran and butylate (S-ethyl diisobutyl carbamothioate) were applied at 5.6 kg ai ha super(-1) and 8.4 kg ai ha super(-1), respectively, on a soil (Putnam silt loam) exhibiting enhanced degradation of carbofuran. In laboratory studies, technical grade carbofuran (20 mg kg super(-1) soil) was applied to samples of the field soil. Bacterial populations were estimated using non-selective (tryptic soy agar) and selective media containing carbofuran or butylate. Largest population increases in pesticide-treated soil were observed between 7 and 15 days after treatment (DAT) compared to populations in non-treated soil. Significant increases (P<0.05) in total bacterial populations and presumed carbofuran-degraders due to carbofuran application were associated with increased populations of Pseudomonas spp. and Flavobacterium spp. Application of carbofuran appeared to provide a competitive advantage to these species over actinomycetes persisting beyond 20 DAT. Growth responses of bacteria to carbofuran in the Putnam soil were compared to those in a native prairie soil (Mexico silt loam), which exhibited a much slower rate of carbofuran degradation. Bacterial population response to carbofuran was measurable, but small and short-lived. Perpetuation of the enhanced degradation phenomenon may lie in a persistent pesticide-induced competitive advantage given to a very small segment of the microbial population. This advantage may not be detectable after 20 days using conventional plating techniques. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Edwards, DE AU - Kremer, R J AU - Keaster, A J AD - USDA-ARS, 144 Mumford Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 139 EP - 154 VL - B27 IS - 2 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - population levels KW - carbofuran KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - biodegradation KW - bacteria KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01052:Effect of insecticides KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16793193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+growth+response+of+bacteria+in+soil+following+application+of+carbofuran&rft.au=Edwards%2C+DE%3BKremer%2C+R+J%3BKeaster%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=B27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; soil; biodegradation; insecticides; population levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-pheromonal attractants for Mexican corn rootworm beetles, Diabrotica virgifera zeae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16792792; 3544072 AB - A field of maize in Texas was used to evaluate responses of Mexican corn rootworm beetles, Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan and Smith, to ten volatiles or blends of volatiles that are known attractants of other Diabrotica beetles. Traps baited with 100 mg of any of the attractants captured significantly more male and female D. v. zeae than did unbaited traps, but the increase in capture was greater for female beetles than for males. Traps baited with a 1:1:1 mixture of trimethoxybenzene, indole and cinnamaldehyde ("TIC") captured the greatest number of females (a 50-fold increase over capture on unbaited traps) but did not capture significantly more beetles than traps baited with a 1:1:1 mixture of veratrole, indole and phenylacetaldehyde ("VIP") or with indole alone. When this test was duplicated in South Dakota where the subspecies present is D. v. virgifera responses of females to the attractants were generally similar to those of female D. v. zeae, although relatively more D. v. virgifera females were captured in traps baited with 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Lance AU - Scholtz, W AU - Stewart, J W AU - Fergen, J K AD - USDA-APHIS, Sci. and Technol., Fruit Fly Facility, 41-650 Ahiki St., Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 10 EP - 15 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Cucarbita KW - Mexican corn rootworm beetles KW - non-pheromonal KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - pest control KW - Diabrotica virgifera zeae KW - traps KW - Chrysomelidae KW - attractants KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - R 18052:Feeding KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16792792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Non-pheromonal+attractants+for+Mexican+corn+rootworm+beetles%2C+Diabrotica+virgifera+zeae+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Lance%3BScholtz%2C+W%3BStewart%2C+J+W%3BFergen%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Lance&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest control; traps; attractants; Coleoptera; Diabrotica virgifera zeae; Chrysomelidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and evaluation of systems to collect volatile semiochemicals from insects and plants using a charcoal-infused medium for air purification AN - 16776158; 3534454 AB - A system is described for the collection of volatiles produced by plants and insects that minimizes stresses on the plant or insect in an environment that is free from chemical impurities. Air entering a volatile collection chamber containing insects and/or plants was purified using a nonwoven fabric medium infused with charcoal. When three layers of this material were used, the total amount of impurities detected by gas chromatography was less than 40 ng/hr at a collection rate of 1 L/min. The air filtration system can maintain this level of air purification for 96 hr at an air flow of 0.43 m/sec, or a total volume of approximately 750,000 L of air. The air filtration system did not alter the relative humidity of the purified air compared to the relative humidity of ambient air. A multiport collector system was developed for use with the insect volatile collection system and enabled up to three samples to be collected without disturbing the system. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Heath, R R AU - Manukian, A AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1209 EP - 1226 VL - 18 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - semiochemicals KW - plants KW - collection KW - methodology KW - volatiles KW - Insecta KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - R 18130:Apparatus & methodology KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16776158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Development+and+evaluation+of+systems+to+collect+volatile+semiochemicals+from+insects+and+plants+using+a+charcoal-infused+medium+for+air+purification&rft.au=Heath%2C+R+R%3BManukian%2C+A&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; methodology; collection; semiochemicals; volatiles; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide runoff simulations: Long-term annual means vs. event extremes? AN - 16773153; 3531643 AB - The GLEAMS model (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) is used to illustrate model application in evaluating potential pesticide runoff of two similar pesticides from one soil. This limited application was chosen for simplicity in illustrating relationships between annual means and single events. When using annual totals of simulated pesticide runoff for comparing two pesticides or assessing risks, long-term 50-yr simulations are preferable to short 10-yr simulations. When short-term simulations are performed, care must be exercised in selecting representative climatic periods. For short half-life pesticides, as demonstrated in this study, initial rainfall events on or near the day of application will often contribute most to annual pesticide lost. In these cases, single event analysis may be required. Procedures are demonstrated for expressing annual total pesticide losses and single rainfall event losses probabilistically in terms of expected recurrence intervals. JF - Weed Technology AU - Leonard, R A AU - Truman, C C AU - Knisel, W G AU - Davis, F M AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., Tifton, GA, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 725 EP - 730 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - GLEAMS KW - climate KW - environmental management KW - meteorology KW - model studies KW - modelling KW - risk assessment KW - soils KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - herbicides KW - Freshwater KW - simulation KW - agricultural runoff KW - pesticides KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - H SE5.2:DATA ANALYSIS KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16773153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Pesticide+runoff+simulations%3A+Long-term+annual+means+vs.+event+extremes%3F&rft.au=Leonard%2C+R+A%3BTruman%2C+C+C%3BKnisel%2C+W+G%3BDavis%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soils; agricultural runoff; herbicides; modelling; pesticides; meteorology; simulation; climate; risk assessment; model studies; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental risk assessment of pesticides: Improving simulation model credibility AN - 16771479; 3531639 AB - Registrant use of computer simulation modeling is generally accepted by regulators in lieu of some experimental data for risk assessment, provided worst-case assumptions and extremely conservative criteria for negligible risk are used. These requirements taken together mean that only extreme cases escape the requirement for actual environmental data. This conservatism reflects the uncertainty in both exposure estimates by the models and in the hazard estimates from toxicologists. Until the credibility of estimated environmental concentrations given by models is improved by more experimental data and experience on the part of both registrants and regulators, the models will continue to be considered not-validated by many. The most important need for enhancing model credibility is full access by the pesticide science community to all the information available, so that we may increase our understanding. Legal mechanisms should be considered for longer ownership of exclusive marketing rights of active ingredients, in exchange for complete public disclosure of the environmental fate and toxicology data submitted to regulatory agencies. JF - Weed Technology AU - Wauchope, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Nematodes Weeds and Crops Res., Univ. Georgia Coast. Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, GA 31794, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 753 EP - 759 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - agricultural pollution KW - computer models KW - environmental impact KW - environmental legislation KW - government regulations KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - regulations KW - risk assessment KW - risks KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - simulation KW - mathematical models KW - runoff KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - H SE5.2:DATA ANALYSIS KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Environmental+risk+assessment+of+pesticides%3A+Improving+simulation+model+credibility&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; water quality; risks; runoff; environmental impact; mathematical models; leaching; pesticides; simulation; environmental legislation; government regulations; risk assessment; nonpoint pollution; nonpoint pollution sources; regulations; computer models; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The USDA-ARS Pesticide Properties Database: A consensus data set for modelers AN - 16769328; 3531640 AB - The ARS Pesticide Properties Database (PPD) is a compendium of chemical and physical properties of a collection of widely used pesticides. At present, there are 92 compounds in the database. The authors focus on 19 of the most important properties impacting on groundwater and atmospheric quality. The PPD relies upon experimentally determined data points. With the help of the National Agricultural Chemicals Association (NACA) tha authors have been communicating directly with manufacturers to obtain the original experimental data with which they characterize pesticide properties and fulfill requirements for federal and state regulations. This provides the basis for the PPD which is augmented with data from the scientific literature. Features of the PPD are: 1) 19 parameters are provided for each pesticide. 2) References are given for all data. 3) When there are several values for a given property, all are cited. 4) All data have been verified and provide the latest, most reliable figures available. JF - Weed Technology AU - Herner, A E AD - USDA-ARS, Environ. Chem. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 749 EP - 752 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Pesticide Properties Database KW - atmosphere KW - computer models KW - data bases KW - data collections KW - earth atmosphere KW - environmental legislation KW - government regulations KW - groundwater contamination KW - regulations KW - solubility KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - simulation KW - physicochemical properties KW - groundwater pollution KW - pesticides KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - H SE5.2:DATA ANALYSIS KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16769328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=The+USDA-ARS+Pesticide+Properties+Database%3A+A+consensus+data+set+for+modelers&rft.au=Herner%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Herner&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; groundwater pollution; physicochemical properties; data collections; earth atmosphere; solubility; pesticides; simulation; environmental legislation; government regulations; data bases; atmosphere; regulations; computer models; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and spatiotemporal autocorrelation analysis of citrus canker epidemics in citrus nurseries and groves in Argentina AN - 16745572; 3520696 AB - Spatial and spatiotemporal (ST) patterns of citrus canker were examined in three nurseries and two groves in Argentina. The center plant in each plot was inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, and disease was allowed to progress for two growing seasons. Disease assessments were made at about 21-day intervals. Final disease incidence was >90% in all three nurseries and reached 69 and 89% for orange (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (C. x paradisi) groves, respectively. For nursery plots, each quadrant was represented by disease counts, i.e., the number of diseased leaves, in a six-plant row segment. For grove plots, each individual tree was considered a quadrant because of the large number of leaves per tree. Data from each assessment date were analyzed by spatial correlation analysis and by ST autocorrelation analysis. Changes in significantly correlated spatial lags closely followed the changes in the disease progress curves for each plot. Proximity patterns in all three nurseries changed little during the first three to four assessments and then became more complex, often with noncontiguous elements that indicated the formation of secondary foci. Noncontiguous elements remained until the last few assessments, when they eroded and the proximity patterns generally became larger and contiguous as the numerous foci coalesced. Disease incidence increased more rapidly in the grove plots than in the nursery plots. Spatial proximity patterns of disease for the grapefruit grove plot, corresponding to assessment dates immediately after a rainstorm with high winds, were elongated in the north-south direction. In contrast, spatial proximity patterns in the orange grove plot were more radially symmetrical until later in the epidemic, when they became more elongate in the north-south orientation and a few noncontiguous elements developed. ST autocorrelations and partial autocorrelations from the ST autocorrelation analysis of nurseries and groves were generally highest with a square proximity pattern. For citrus nurseries, ST autocorrelations and partial autocorrelations were consistent over time. ST autocorrelations decayed rapidly over spatial lags, but remained significant to four temporal lags. Therefore, the ST transfer function for citrus nurseries infected with citrus canker was represented by a ST autoregressive integrated moving-average (STARIMA) model, STARIMA(0,4,1,1). The ST partial auto-correlations were similar for both grove plots, indicating a similarity in the autoregressive components of each grove and, thus, a STARIMA model structure, but the two groves differed in inclusion of moving-average terms. For the orange grove, autocorrelations for the first temporal lag decayed slowly over the first three spatial lags, whereas the autocorrelation for the first temporal lag in the grapefruit grove decayed rapidly over spatial lags. Also, significant moving-average effects were estimated to extend to two temporal lags in the grapefruit grove data but to only one in the orange grove data. Thus, STARIMA model forms for the orange and grapefruit groves were estimated to be STARIMA(0,1,4,1) and STARIMA(0,2,1,2), respectively. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Reynolds, K M AU - Campbell, CL AU - Timmer, L W AD - USDA-ARS, Hortic. Res. Lab., Orlando, FL, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 843 EP - 851 VL - 82 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - var.citri KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Citrus KW - canker KW - Argentina KW - epidemics KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+spatiotemporal+autocorrelation+analysis+of+citrus+canker+epidemics+in+citrus+nurseries+and+groves+in+Argentina&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BReynolds%2C+K+M%3BCampbell%2C+CL%3BTimmer%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas campestris; Citrus; Argentina; canker; epidemics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for selective enrichment of Campylobacter spp. from poultry for use in conjunction with DNA hybridization AN - 16729402; 3515735 AB - A DNA hybridization test was investigated for application to the detection of Campylobacter spp. in poultry samples. The test chemistry involves solution phase hybridization and detection by means of an enzymatically generated colorimetric endpoint. DNA probes used in the test system are targeted to unique sequences of ribosomal RNA and are specific for Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. Initial experiments with pure cultures of C. jejuni established the sensitivity limit of the DNA hybridization assay at approximately 10 super(6-7) CFU per sample. Experiments were designed to define optimal conditions for recovery and selective enrichment of Campylobacter spp. from chicken carcasses for use in conjunction with the DNA hybridization assay. Following overnight enrichment, cultures were swabbed onto Campy-Cefex agar plates and allowed to incubate for 24 h. This overnight growth was then suspended and assayed with the DNA probe. The remainder of the overnight enrichment was centrifuged and the resulting pellet was analyzed. Thirty-eight chicken carcasses were assayed for Campylobacter spp. by DNA probe and culture methodology employing culture enrichment and selective plating. Culture procedures isolated Campylobacter spp. from 23 carcasses, while the DNA probe assay detected the organism from 21 carcasses. The DNA probe registered five "false" positives and seven "false" negatives relative to the cultural bacteriologic approach. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Stern, N J AU - Mozola, MA AD - Poultr. Microbiol. Saf. Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 767 EP - 770 VL - 55 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - media (enrichment) KW - detection KW - poultry KW - DNA KW - Campylobacter KW - hybridization KW - methodology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16729402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Methods+for+selective+enrichment+of+Campylobacter+spp.+from+poultry+for+use+in+conjunction+with+DNA+hybridization&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BMozola%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - media (enrichment); detection; poultry; DNA; hybridization; methodology; Campylobacter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and enumeration of Salmonella enteritidis in fresh and stored eggs laid by experimentally infected hens. AN - 16665045; 3011891 AB - Laying hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Eggs laid by the infected hens were collected daily between the 4th and 14th d postinoculation and randomly allocated into three groups. One group of eggs was sampled on the day of collection, one group was held for 7 d at 7.2 degree C before sampling, and one group was held for 7 d at 25 degree C before sampling. The frequency and level of detectable contamination of egg contents by SE were determined for each group. Only 3% of the freshly laid eggs and 4% of the eggs held for 7 d at refrigerator temperature were identified as having SE-contaminated contents, whereas SE was isolated from the contents of 16% of eggs held for 7 d at room temperature. Enumeration of SE in contaminated eggs indicated greater numbers of SE in eggs held for 7 d at 25 degree C than in eggs from the other two groups, although most contaminated eggs in all three groups contained relatively small numbers of SE (generally less than 10/ml and rarely exceeding 100/ml). JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gast, R K AU - Beard, C W AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., 934 College Stn. Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 152 EP - 156 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - eggs KW - infection KW - contamination KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16665045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+and+enumeration+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+fresh+and+stored+eggs+laid+by+experimentally+infected+hens.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BBeard%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; infection; eggs; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grass hosts of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis . AN - 16662669; 3012373 AB - Sixty-two isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis were obtained from diseased leaves collected from 25 grass species. Nine species were previously unreported hosts, including Agropyron fragile subsp. sibiricum (Siberian wheatgrass), Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus (sand bluestem), Bromus biebersteinii (meadow brome), Festuca ovina (sheep fescue), Koeleria pyramidata (June grass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Setaria viridis (green foxtail), Stipa comata (needle-and-thread), and Thinopyrum ponticum (tall wheatgrass). All isolates from grass hosts produced symptoms on detached seedling leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum ) and were considered pathogenic. Significant isolate effects in all analyses were interpreted to indicate that isolates from the grass hosts differed in their ability to cause disease symptoms on wheat. A number of isolates from grass hosts were as aggressive as a wheat isolate. Cultivar effects were significant in 86% of the analyses, indicating that differences in symptom response among wheat cultivars were detected when tested with isolates from the grass hosts. However, the cultivars x isolate interaction was nonsignificant in 86% of the analyses, indicating a lack of specific interaction between isolates and cultivars. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - ARS-USDA, Northern Great Plains Res. Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 92 EP - 95 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - pathogenicity KW - grasses KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Pyrenophora tritici-repentis KW - leafspot KW - USA, North Dakota KW - host specificity KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16662669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Grass+hosts+of+Pyrenophora+tritici-repentis+.&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; Triticum aestivum; USA, North Dakota; host specificity; grasses; pathogenicity; leafspot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity of virulence within and among populations of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici in different areas of the United States. AN - 16662660; 3012372 AB - Data from surveys of pathogenic races of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici from 1988 to 1990 were analyzed to compare phenotypic diversity within and among pathogen populations in eight areas of the United States. Collections from nurseries were significantly more diverse than those from commercial fields in five of seven areas. Populations from the southern, central, and northern Great Plains were phenotypically similar. The population from California and other southwestern states was distinctly different from populations from all other areas. Leaf rust pathogen populations in the Pacific Northwest were no more similar to those of the Great Plains than to populations in areas east of the Mississippi River. The midwestern, northeastern, and southeastern populations were sufficiently distinct to indicate local sources of primary inoculum with limited exchange among those areas. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leonard, K J AU - Roelfs, A P AU - Long, D L AD - ARS-USDA, Cereal Rust Lab. and Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 500 EP - 504 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - f.sp.tritici KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Puccinia recondita KW - leaf rust KW - geographical variations KW - population studies KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - virulence KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16662660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Diversity+of+virulence+within+and+among+populations+of+Puccinia+recondita+f.+sp.+tritici+in+different+areas+of+the+United+States.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+K+J%3BRoelfs%2C+A+P%3BLong%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia recondita; Triticum aestivum; USA; population studies; geographical variations; virulence; leaf rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of commercial immunochemical assays for detection of sulfamethazine in milk. AN - 16650383; 2993258 AB - Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is effective in the treatment of bacterial infections in food producing animals but its use is prohibited in dairy cows. Nevertheless, a 1988 survey of milk in ten cities conducted by the Food and Drug Administration revealed the presence of SMZ. Therefore, it was apparent that there was a need for rapid screening methods for SMZ. We evaluated commercial immunochemical test kits for SMZ with detectabilities of 1-10 parts per billion (ppb). Manipulations are suggested to effectively optimize immunochemical detection of SMZ in raw and processed fluid milk. The performances of the enzyme immunochemical test kits were evaluated by studying the effects of sample preparation, sample matrix, calibration and detection range of the kits using raw and processed milk samples. Immunochemical results were compared to quantitative high performance thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Both chromatographic methods had detectabilities in the low parts per billion range. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Medina, M B AU - Barford, R A AU - Palumbo AU - Rowe, L D AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 East Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 284 EP - 290 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sulfamethazine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - detection KW - milk KW - immunoassays KW - cow's milk KW - methodology KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16650383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+commercial+immunochemical+assays+for+detection+of+sulfamethazine+in+milk.&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BBarford%2C+R+A%3BPalumbo%3BRowe%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; methodology; immunoassays; milk; cow's milk ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of two isolation and two nonisolation methods for detecting naturally occurring salmonellae from broiler flock environmental drag-swab samples. AN - 16647733; 3008943 AB - One hundred and fifty-five environmental drag-swab samples, collected from 15 broiler flocks, were examined for the presence of salmonellae using a conventional and modified isolation method and two nonisolation assays. The conventional isolation method consisted of primary overnight enrichment in Hajna's tetrathionate broth at 41 degree C followed by inoculation to xylose-lysine desoxycholate and brilliant green agar plating medium. The modified isolation method employed the same overnight enrichment broths inoculated to xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 agar and brilliant green agar with novobiocin plating media. In the modified isolation method, any samples found Salmonella negative after primary enrichment were further evaluated using delayed secondary enrichment. The two commercial nonisolation assays examined were an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a colorimetric DNA hybridization assay (DNAHA). Salmonellae were detected in 60 samples using the conventional isolation method and in 73 samples using the modified isolation method. Salmonellae were presumptively detected in 72 samples using the ELISA and in 67 samples using the DNAHA. The improved selectivity observed with the modified isolation method was primarily due to the incorporation of the xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 plating medium. The results from the modified isolation method revealed that both the ELISA and DNAHA were more specific, but less sensitive, than was indicated by the results from the conventional isolation method. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Tate, C R AU - Miller, R G AU - Mallinson, E T AD - Food Safety Insp. Serv., USDA, Bldg. 322, ARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 964 EP - 967 VL - 55 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - detection KW - hybridization analysis KW - DNA KW - Salmonella KW - methodology KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - evaluation KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16647733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+two+isolation+and+two+nonisolation+methods+for+detecting+naturally+occurring+salmonellae+from+broiler+flock+environmental+drag-swab+samples.&rft.au=Tate%2C+C+R%3BMiller%2C+R+G%3BMallinson%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; detection; methodology; evaluation; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; DNA; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of reproductive technology to estimate variances and predict effects of gene interactions AN - 16643463; 3652146 AB - Advanced reproductive techniques are creating the large numbers of close relatives needed to study gene interactions. Identical triplets, a set of 26 full sisters, a family of 4215 three-quarter sisters (same sire and maternal grandsire), a family of 76,698 half sisters, and 1.6 million granddaughters of Round Oak Rag Apple Elevation now have lactation records. Similarity of closest relatives might be explained by similar nonadditive as well as additive genetic merit. The 23,015 families of full sisters with mean family size of 3 provide nearly as much information about dominance variation as do the 55,779 families of three-quarter sisters with mean family size of 13; the 79 families of clones provide little information by comparison. (DBO) JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - VanRaden, P M AU - Lawlor, T J AU - Short, TH AU - Hoeschele, I AD - Anim. Improv. Programs Lab. Agric. Res. Serv., USDA Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2892 EP - 2901 VL - 75 IS - 10 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - clones KW - technology KW - animal breeding KW - genetic variance KW - reproduction KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16643463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Use+of+reproductive+technology+to+estimate+variances+and+predict+effects+of+gene+interactions&rft.au=VanRaden%2C+P+M%3BLawlor%2C+T+J%3BShort%2C+TH%3BHoeschele%2C+I&rft.aulast=VanRaden&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2892&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clones; technology; animal breeding; genetic variance; reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization of oxalyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase, and formyl-coenzyme A transferase in Oxalobacter formigenes cells. AN - 16634882; 3023477 AB - Knowledge about the cellular location of enzymes concerned with oxalate metabolism in Oxalobacter formigenes is important for the development of concepts about the energy metabolism of this oxalate-dependent anaerobe. The main question was whether or not major enzymes of oxalate metabolism (oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase and formyl-CoA-transferase) were membrane bound. Spheroplasts of the gram-negative cells were prepared using lysozyme, and after osmotic lysis, the membrane fraction was obtained by centrifugation at 280,000 x g. Most (>90%) of the oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase and the formyl-CoA-transferase activities that were recovered were in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction. The cytoplasmic fraction also appeared to contain membrane proteins. Of several enzymes that were tested, acid phosphatase appeared to be the best marker of membrane-linked enzymes (39% of the acid phosphatase activity was found in the membrane fraction). This is in contrast to finding only 2.4 and 0.4% of the activities oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase and formly-CoA-transferase, respectively, in the membrane fraction. Results of immunogold labeling studies also support the concept that oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase is not a membrane-bound or localized enzyme. JF - Systematic and Applied Microbiology AU - Baetz, AL AU - Allison, MJ AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 167 EP - 171 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0723-2020, 0723-2020 KW - oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase KW - formyl-CoA-transferase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oxalobacter formigenes KW - localization KW - cytoplasm KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16634882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Localization+of+oxalyl-coenzyme+A+decarboxylase%2C+and+formyl-coenzyme+A+transferase+in+Oxalobacter+formigenes+cells.&rft.au=Baetz%2C+AL%3BAllison%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Baetz&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=07232020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxalobacter formigenes; localization; cytoplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Puccinia recondita sp. tritici in the United States during 1988-1990. AN - 16631518; 3012374 AB - Isolates of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici were obtained from wheat leaf collections made by cooperators throughout the United States and from cereal rust field surveys of the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Gulf Coast states in 1988, 1989, and 1990. Forty-one virulence/avirulence phenotypes were found among 618 isolates in 1988, 45 among 983 isolates in 1989, and 53 among 906 isolates in 1990 on 14 host lines with single designated genes for leaf rust resistance. The frequencies of virulence to lines with Lr11 and Lr26 during 1988-1990 were greater than in previous years. Isolates were tested on 14 additional entries selected for potentially useful resistance to common races of P. r. tritici . No virulence was found to 12 of these 14 entries during 1988-1990. Regional race distribution patterns again suggested the central United States is a single epidemiological unit distinct from the eastern United States. JF - Plant Disease AU - Long, D L AU - Roelfs, A P AU - Roberts, J J AD - Cereal Rust Lab., ARS-USDA, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 495 EP - 499 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - f.sp.tritici KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Puccinia recondita KW - leaf rust KW - epidemiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - virulence KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16631518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Puccinia+recondita+sp.+tritici+in+the+United+States+during+1988-1990.&rft.au=Long%2C+D+L%3BRoelfs%2C+A+P%3BRoberts%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia recondita; Triticum aestivum; USA; leaf rust; virulence; epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 by an anaerobic Gram-positive coccus isolated from the cecal contents of adult chickens. AN - 16631267; 3011896 AB - An anaerobic Gram-positive coccus was isolated from the cecal contents of adult chickens. Cultures of the bacteria inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on media containing either 0.25 or 2.5% lactose (w/v) but not on media containing no added lactose. When the anaerobic coccus was grown in media containing lactose, it produced significantly higher concentrations of lactic and acetic acid than when grown in media without the added lactose. The inhibition of the enteropathogens was related to low pH of the growth medium produced by the production of lactic acid from lactose by the anaerobic coccus. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hinton, A Jr AU - Corrier, DE AU - Deloach, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Rte. 5, Box 810, College Stn., TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 162 EP - 166 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - isolates KW - inhibition KW - Escherichia coli KW - Gram-positive cocci KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16631267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=In+vitro+inhibition+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+by+an+anaerobic+Gram-positive+coccus+isolated+from+the+cecal+contents+of+adult+chickens.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+A+Jr%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Escherichia coli; inhibition; Gram-positive cocci; gastrointestinal tract; isolates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using O157 specific antibody coated magnetic beads. AN - 16631216; 3011873 AB - Escherichia coli O157 specific antibody, coated on magnetic beads, was used to concentrate and remove the E. coli O157:H7 from mixed cultures and meat samples. The problem of nontarget organism carryover was addressed by adding Protamine to the culture-bead sample, washing the beads three times in saline, and changing the test tubes with each wash. These modifications reduced the nontarget colony counts obtained from uninoculated meat samples. This procedure enabled consistent recovery of E. coli O157:H7 from inoculated meat samples. The percentage of E. coli O157:H7 cells captured, compared to the total number of cells captured, ranged from 48 to 100%. Two strains of E. coli O157, :H7 and :non-H7, appeared to compete with one another and thus reduce or prevent isolation. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Okrend, AJG AU - Rose, B E AU - Lattuada, C P AD - Food Saf. Insp. Serv., USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 322, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 214 EP - 217 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - magnetic beads KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - isolation KW - meat KW - antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - coatings KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16631216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+using+O157+specific+antibody+coated+magnetic+beads.&rft.au=Okrend%2C+AJG%3BRose%2C+B+E%3BLattuada%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Okrend&rft.aufirst=AJG&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; isolation; antibodies; coatings; meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal destruction of Listeria monocytogenes in ice cream mix. AN - 16630899; 3011903 AB - Thermal destruction of Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A was studied in refrigerated ice cream mixes to evaluate the relationship of mix composition to heat resistance with differing heat treatments. A central composite response surface design with two independent variables (high fructose corn syrup solids content and milkfat content) and one dependent variable (viscosity of the mix) was developed. High fructose corn syrup solids (HFCSS) content ranged from 1 to 7%, milkfat (MF) content from 4 to 18%, and total solids content from 28 to 44%, Sucrose content (11%) and milk-solids-not-fat content (10%) were kept constant. D sub(140 degree F) values were established in the mixes with a simulated batch pasteurization procedure using closed vials. MF content had little or no effect on thermal death time but had a greater effect on viscosity of the mix than did content of HFCSS. Increased thermal resistance of LM was associated with the common ice cream stabilizer used; stabilizer contained guar gum and carrageenan. Pasteurization guidelines for ice cream mix are adequate to ensure inactivation of LM. Since results suggest that major ingredients in ice cream, ice milk, and shake mixes increase thermal resistance of LM, it is important that every precaution be taken to inactivate the organism. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Holsinger, V H AU - Smith, P W AU - Smith, J L AU - Palumbo, SA AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 234 EP - 237 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - heat inactivation KW - ice cream KW - pasteurization KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16630899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Thermal+destruction+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+ice+cream+mix.&rft.au=Holsinger%2C+V+H%3BSmith%2C+P+W%3BSmith%2C+J+L%3BPalumbo%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Holsinger&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; ice cream; heat inactivation; pasteurization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic proliferative rhinitis associated with Salmonella arizonae in sheep. AN - 16626063; 2994404 JF - Veterinary Pathology AU - Meehan, J T AU - Brogden, KA AU - Courtney, C AU - Cutlip, R C AU - Lehmkuhl, H D AD - USDA-ARS-MWA-NADC, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 556 EP - 559 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0300-9858, 0300-9858 KW - sheep KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Salmonella arizonae KW - rhinitis KW - histopathology KW - recurrent infection KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16626063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Pathology&rft.atitle=Chronic+proliferative+rhinitis+associated+with+Salmonella+arizonae+in+sheep.&rft.au=Meehan%2C+J+T%3BBrogden%2C+KA%3BCourtney%2C+C%3BCutlip%2C+R+C%3BLehmkuhl%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Meehan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Pathology&rft.issn=03009858&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella arizonae; rhinitis; histopathology; recurrent infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the oxoid BCET-RPLA kit for the detection of Bacillus cereus diarrheal enterotoxin as compared to cell culture cytotonicity. AN - 16625733; 3012725 AB - The relationship between detection of heat-labile enterotoxin production by Bacillus cereus using the Oxoid BCET-RPLA kit and the production of a cytotonic response in HEp-2 and CHO cells was evaluated using 12 isolates. The strains were cultured in brain heart infusion + 0.1% glucose for 5 h at 37 degree C on a rotary shaker. Cell-free supernatants were prepared by filtration and tested using the two cell lines and the immunoassay. The primary biological response noted with the cell lines was cytotonicity, with the CHO cells being consistently more sensitive than the HEp-2 cells. While there was general agreement between the cell culture tests and the immunoassay, differences were noted for specific strains. Further, while activity in cell cultures was lost when cell-free supernatants were heated to 80 degree C for 5 min, the BCET-RPLA kits continued to detect significant levels of enterotoxin. The results suggest that confirmation of B. cereus enterotoxin using a suitable biological response may be warranted until additional research can clarify the specificity of the BCET-RPLA assay. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Schultz, F J AD - Microb. Food Saf. Res. Unit, USDA ARS E. Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 440 EP - 443 VL - 55 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - detection KW - Bacillus cereus KW - assays KW - comparison KW - enterotoxins KW - J 02821:Assays KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16625733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+oxoid+BCET-RPLA+kit+for+the+detection+of+Bacillus+cereus+diarrheal+enterotoxin+as+compared+to+cell+culture+cytotonicity.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BSchultz%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus cereus; enterotoxins; detection; assays; comparison ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of the intratracheal, intravenous and intratonsillar routes of inoculation of goats with Pasteurella haemolytica . AN - 16623209; 2993867 JF - Veterinary Research Communications AU - Debey, B M AU - Cutlip, R C AU - Brogden, KA AU - Frank, G H AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 247 EP - 251 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0165-7380, 0165-7380 KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lung KW - trachea KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - infection KW - histopathology KW - pathogenesis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16623209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+the+intratracheal%2C+intravenous+and+intratonsillar+routes+of+inoculation+of+goats+with+Pasteurella+haemolytica+.&rft.au=Debey%2C+B+M%3BCutlip%2C+R+C%3BBrogden%2C+KA%3BFrank%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Debey&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Research+Communications&rft.issn=01657380&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; infection; trachea; pathogenesis; histopathology; lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model for aerobic growth of Shigella flexneri under various conditions of temperature, pH, sodium chloride and sodium nitrite concentrations. AN - 16620985; 2994802 AB - A modified factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (10 to 37 degree C), pH (5.5 to 7.5), sodium chloride (0.5 to 5.0%), and sodium nitrite (0 to 1000 ppm) on the aerobic growth kinetics of Shigella flexneri in brain heart infusion broth. A total of 592 cultures were analyzed, with growth curves being generated using the Gompertz equation. A quadratic model for growth of S. flexneri in terms of temperature, pH, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite concentrations was obtained by response surface analysis. This model provides an estimate of bacterial growth in response to any combination of the variables studied within the specified ranges. Estimates obtained with the model compared favorably with growth of S. flexneri in milk. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Zaika, L L AU - Phillips, J G AU - Buchanan, R L AD - Microb. Food Saf. Res. Unit, East. Reg. Res. Cent., USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 509 EP - 513 VL - 55 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - temperature KW - sodium chloride KW - sodium nitrite KW - aerobic environments KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - models KW - Shigella flexneri KW - pH KW - growth KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Model+for+aerobic+growth+of+Shigella+flexneri+under+various+conditions+of+temperature%2C+pH%2C+sodium+chloride+and+sodium+nitrite+concentrations.&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L%3BPhillips%2C+J+G%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shigella flexneri; growth; models; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model for the anaerobic growth of Aeromonas hydrophila K144. AN - 16620872; 2994807 AB - The combined effects of temperature (5 to 42 degree C), NaCl (0.5 to 4.5%), pH (5.3 to 7.3), and NaNO sub(2) (0 to 200 mu g/ml) on the anaerobic growth of Aeromonas hydrophila) K144 were studied in brain heart infusion broth using a modified central composite design. Variable combinations were tested in triplicate anaerobic flasks (nitrogen atmosphere in sealed trypsinizing flasks); viable cell counts were made at intervals during incubation by surface plating on tryptic soy agar. Growth curves were generated using the Gompertz equation in conjunction with a nonlinear regression analysis program. Values for the four Gompertz parameters (A, C, B, and M) were obtained for the variable combinations tested. Overall, the variable combinations interacted to affect the generation and lag times. The results indicate that pH, salt level, and nitrite level can be manipulated to decrease the growth of A. hydrophila when combined with low temperature incubation and anaerobic conditions. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Williams, A C AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Phillips, J G AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 260 EP - 265 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - temperature KW - sodium nitrite KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - models KW - anaerobic environments KW - Aeromonas hydrophila KW - pH KW - growth KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Model+for+the+anaerobic+growth+of+Aeromonas+hydrophila+K144.&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+SA%3BWilliams%2C+A+C%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L%3BPhillips%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aeromonas hydrophila; models; growth; anaerobic environments; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological decontamination of food animal carcasses by washing and sanitizing systems: A review. AN - 16605580; 3011875 AB - Microbial contamination of animal carcasses is a result of the necessary procedures required to process live animals into retail meat. The contamination can be minimized by good manufacturing processes, but the total elimination of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms is difficult, if not impossible. A variety of methods have been developed to reduce the levels of contaminating bacteria on carcasses, although most of the current methods focus on washing and sanitizing procedures. The commonly used sanitizing agents include hot water, chlorine, and short-chain organic acids. The effectiveness of these compounds varies by the concentration used, the temperature of the sanitizers and contact time, the sensitivity of the native microflora to the specific compound, and to a certain extent the design of the specific experiments. The consensus of the research is that carcass sanitizing can reduce the initial levels of bacteria on the surface of the carcass. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dickson, J S AU - Anderson, ME AD - USDA-ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 133 EP - 140 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - reviews KW - meat KW - sanitizers KW - methodology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16605580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Microbiological+decontamination+of+food+animal+carcasses+by+washing+and+sanitizing+systems%3A+A+review.&rft.au=Dickson%2C+J+S%3BAnderson%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; meat; sanitizers; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A differential-selective medium and dry ice-generated atmosphere for recovery of Campylobacter jejuni . AN - 16605435; 3011900 AB - A selective-differential medium for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken carcasses was developed. The medium, Campy-Cefex, consisted of Brucella agar, 5% lysed horse blood, 0.05% ferrous sulfate (FeSO sub(4).7H sub(2)O), 0.05% sodium pyruvate, 0.02% sodium bisulfite, and antibiotic supplements of 33 mg/L sodium cefoperazone and 200 mg/L cycloheximide. A total of 41 chicken carcass samples were plated onto Campy-Cefex, Campylobacter cefoperazone desoxycholate agar, and Campylobacter brucella agar plate media. Campy-Cefex proved as productive and selective as the other media. Campy-Cefex allowed for easier differentiation of C. jejuni) from other flora compared to differentiation on Campylobacter cefoperazone desoxycholate agar medium. Differentiation of the non-Campylobacter spp. flora from Campylobacter spp. was the same on both Campy-Cefex and Campy-BAP. The selectivity for the organism on Campy-Cefex was better than on Campy-BAP. Growth of seven isolates of C. jejuni in microaerobic-(5% O sub(2), 10% CO sub(2), 85% N sub(2)) and dry ice-generated atmospheres was also assessed. After 24 h of incubation, the mean log sub(10) CFU generated, using the same culture suspensions and medium, was 2.07 and 1.81 for the microaerobic and dry ice atmospheres, respectively. These two developments allow for simplification of materials and methods required to isolate C. jejuni from foods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Stern, N J AU - Wojton, B AU - Kwiatek, K AD - ARS-USDA, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., Poult. Microbiol. Saf. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 514 EP - 517 VL - 55 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - microaerophilic bacteria KW - media (selective) KW - isolation KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - methodology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16605435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=A+differential-selective+medium+and+dry+ice-generated+atmosphere+for+recovery+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+.&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BWojton%2C+B%3BKwiatek%2C+K&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; isolation; media (selective); methodology; microaerophilic bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on chicken feed media by bacteria isolated from the intestinal microflora of chickens. AN - 16605368; 3011884 AB - Two lactic acid-producing bacteria, one volatile fatty acid-producing bacterium, and one starch-hydrolyzing bacterium were isolated from the cecal contents of adult chickens. The ability of these bacteria to produce lactic and volatile fatty acids in 5% chicken feed broth media and to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on a 5% chicken feed agar media was determined. Inhibition of the growth of the enteropathogens was due to bacteriostatic or bactericidal substances that the cecal isolates produced in the media. Depending on which isolates were used, the inhibitory substances were either high concentrations of lactic acid that created an inhibitory pH in the media or inhibitory concentrations of acetic and propionic acids that the isolates produced in the media. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hinton, A Jr AU - Corrier, DE AU - Deloach, J R AD - ARS-USDA, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Rt. 5, Box 810, College Stn., TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 419 EP - 423 VL - 55 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - feeds KW - antibiosis KW - inhibition KW - intestinal microflora KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - growth KW - A 01013:Cytostatic & antitumor agents KW - A 01018:Animal foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16605368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+the+growth+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+on+chicken+feed+media+by+bacteria+isolated+from+the+intestinal+microflora+of+chickens.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+A+Jr%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Escherichia coli; growth; inhibition; intestinal microflora; antibiosis; feeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Universal preenrichment broth for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella and Listeria in foods. AN - 16598559; 3012821 AB - A medium and method for preenriching food products which allow the simultaneous recovery and detection of Salmonella and Listeria are described. To prevent the pH of the medium from rapidly dropping in the presence of extraneous microorganisms found in foods, this medium, universal preenrichment (UP) broth, is highly buffered and low in carbohydrates. The medium allows sublethally injured bacteria to resuscitate and multiply to sufficiently high numbers so that highly selective, secondary enrichment media can be employed to help select the specific bacteria in question from a mixed bacterial background culture. As few as 10 heat-injured Salmonella multiplied to at least 10 super(6)/ml following a 24 h enrichment in UP, even in mixtures of high levels of known competitive microflora or from naturally occurring microflora found in chicken, hot dogs, or Brie cheese. As few as 10 heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes) multiplied to at least 10 super(5)/ml in these same experiments. From the UP broth, secondary selective preenrichment broths which favor the growth of Salmonella) or Listeria can be inoculated, and subsequent protocols for the recovery of either Salmonella or Listeria can then be followed. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, NA AD - Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 256 EP - 259 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - media (enrichment) KW - food contamination KW - detection KW - Salmonella KW - Listeria KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16598559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Universal+preenrichment+broth+for+the+simultaneous+detection+of+Salmonella+and+Listeria+in+foods.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Listeria; food contamination; detection; media (enrichment) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of spoilage rates in ground turkey and ground beef. AN - 16584879; 3011899 AB - Spoilage rates of ground turkey and ground beef were compared. Clean muscle tissue of the two livestock species were ground in a hygienic manner, providing initial mesotrophic counts (72 h at 25 degree C) in the range of ca. 10 super(2-3) CFU/g. Moisture, fat, and protein contents for the ground products were similar. Each ground product was subjected to the following treatments: a) uninoculated control, b) inoculated with a low level of turkey flora, c) inoculated with a high level of turkey flora, d) inoculated with a low level of beef flora, and e) inoculated with a high level of beef flora. Three replicate analyses were performed on the products which were held at 5 degree C in air-permeable plastic bags. Five subsamples (20-25 g) were taken for each of the five analysis times over 10 d of storage. At completion of storage, bacterial counts varied from 10 super(3.5) to 10 super(9.2) CFU/g, with the turkey control group at the lower end of the range. Our findings indicate no significant difference between the spoilage rates of the two ground products, regardless of treatment or origin of species. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Stern, N J AU - Lyon, CE AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Dickens, JA AU - Wilson, R L AD - Agric. Res. Cent., Richard B. Russell ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 518 EP - 521 VL - 55 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - turkeys KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - spoilage KW - beef KW - rates KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16584879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+spoilage+rates+in+ground+turkey+and+ground+beef.&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BLyon%2C+CE%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BDickens%2C+JA%3BWilson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beef; food contamination; spoilage; rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of an Escherichia coli K12 population by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus under various in vitro conditions of parasite:host ratio, temperature, or pH. AN - 16576225; 3008944 AB - Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of food products, as well as bacterial population, were evaluated for their effects on the ability of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus , a bacterium parasitic upon gram-negative bacteria, to reduce an Escherichia coli population. High concentrations of both parasite and host were the most effective for reducing a specified E. coli population. B. bacteriovorus was able to reduce the E. coli count by 90% (1 log) in < 1 h at ratios of 5:1, 10:1, and 30:1 (parasite:host). Temperatures between 20 and 30 degree C were more conducive to bdellovibrio attack than temperatures less than 20 degree C. E. coli populations were reduced by more than 7-log values after 7 h of incubation at 30 degree C with parasite:host ratios of 2:1, 5:1, and 10:1. Greater than a 5-log reduction in the E. coli population was observed at the ratio of 30:1. B. bacteriovorus reduced the E. coli population by 1 log in approximately 24 min and 20 min at pH 7.2 and 6.8, respectively. At pH values <6.8, the activity of B. bacteriovorus was diminished. These results define some of the conditions where the application of B. bacteriovorus may aid in the reduction/elimination of some gram-negative pathogens and spoilage flora that may be present in foods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Jackson, L AU - Whiting, R C AD - Eastern Regl. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid La., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 859 EP - 861 VL - 55 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biological control KW - in vitro KW - food-borne diseases KW - Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus KW - Escherichia coli KW - pH KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16576225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+an+Escherichia+coli+K12+population+by+Bdellovibrio+bacteriovorus+under+various+in+vitro+conditions+of+parasite%3Ahost+ratio%2C+temperature%2C+or+pH.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L%3BWhiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus; food-borne diseases; biological control; in vitro; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined water activity and solute effects on growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. AN - 16570548; 2994772 AB - Water activity and solute effects were determined on the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in bacteriological media. Media were adjusted to water activity (a sub(w)) levels of 0.99-0.80 with NaCl, glycerol (GLY), or propylene glycol (PG). Minimum a sub(w) levels for growth occurred at 0.90, 0.92, and 0.97 for GLY, NaCl, and PG, respectively. Survival was related to the a sub(w) level, as well as the solute employed. Cells survived the longest in GLY and died earliest in PG; NaCl was intermediate. These results provide quantitative isothermal criteria for estimating the a sub(w) level necessary to prevent growth of L. monocytogenes) in food. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Miller, A J AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 414 EP - 418 VL - 55 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - media (culture) KW - solutes KW - water activity KW - survival KW - growth KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Combined+water+activity+and+solute+effects+on+growth+and+survival+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+Scott+A.&rft.au=Miller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; growth; survival; solutes; water activity; media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic transformation of the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Streptococcus bovis by electroporation. AN - 16540077; 2975300 AB - Electroporation methods for introduction of plasmid DNA into the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Streptococcus bovis were developed. Electroporation of the strictly anaerobic B. fibrisolvens was carried out in an anaerobic glovebox with a buffer of 10% (v/v) glycerol and 1 mM MgCl sub(2) in distilled water. Streptococcus bovis) electroporation could be carried out aerobically with a buffer of 10% (v/v) glycerol in distilled water. The Escherichia coli /Bacillus subtilis shuttle vector pBS42 could be transformed into B. fibrisolvens strain H17c, selecting for chloramphenicol resistance. The Streptococcus sanguis /E. coli shuttle vector pVA838 could replicate and express erythromycin resistance in Strep. bovis . Both vectors were stable in each organism in the absence of antibiotic selection. While the efficiency was low (<10 super(2)/ mu g DNA), the results demonstrate a means to introduce cloned genes into these organisms. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 186 EP - 189 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - DNA KW - Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens KW - plasmids KW - rumen microorganisms KW - transformation KW - electroporation KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16540077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genetic+transformation+of+the+ruminal+bacteria+Butyrivibrio+fibrisolvens+and+Streptococcus+bovis+by+electroporation.&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA; plasmids; rumen microorganisms; transformation; electroporation; Streptococcus bovis; Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naturally occurring NS gene variants in an avian influenza virus isolate. AN - 16526843; 2954889 AB - The A/Turkey/Wisconsin/68 (H5N9) isolate of avian influenza (AI) consists of two virus populations which have different NS genes and differ in their biological responses in chicken embryos. They were classified as being either rapidly embryo-lethal (REL) or slowly embryo-lethal (SEL), (Avian Dis., 33 (1989) 695-706). In this study, sequence analysis identified only two nucleotide differences between the two NS genes, creating single amino acid differences in both the NS sub(1) and the NS sub(2) protein. The difference in the NS sub(1) protein appears to be neutral, while the difference in the NS sub(2) places a phenylalanine at position 48. This amino acid has not been previously demonstrated at this position in an NS sub(2) sequence and its presence results in a distinct hydrophobic shift in the region. The sequence specifying the phenylalanine also creates an EcoRI site in the cDNA of the REL NS gene. Analysis of several clones showed that this site appears to co-segregate with the REL characteristic. Molecular differences between the two NS gene variants were reflected by differences in the kinetics of early protein synthesis in infected cells. In particular, the NS sub(2) protein is in higher concentration (relative to the NS sub(1)) in SEL-infected cells than in REL-infected cells. No differences were detectable, however, in the rates of viral replication, either in cell culture or in embryos. JF - Virus Research AU - Perdue, M L AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 223 EP - 240 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1702, 0168-1702 KW - NS gene KW - amino acid sequence KW - fowl plague virus KW - gene products KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - variants KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - G 07313:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16526843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+Research&rft.atitle=Naturally+occurring+NS+gene+variants+in+an+avian+influenza+virus+isolate.&rft.au=Perdue%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Perdue&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virus+Research&rft.issn=01681702&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; genes; variants; gene products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation, identification and biological activity of chlamydosporol from Fusarium culmorum HM-8. AN - 16524769; 2957992 AB - An isolate of Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith), Sacc. HM-8 from a scabby wheat kernel sample from England produced a novel toxin when grown in culture on rice. This toxin, which was given the trivial name of HM-8, was purified, its toxic properties demonstrated and its structure determined by spectroscopic methods. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Abbas, H K AU - Mirocha, C J AU - Shier, W T AD - Southern Weed Sci. Lab., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 225, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 115 EP - 123 VL - 118 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - chlamydosporol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - isolation KW - Fusarium culmorum KW - identification KW - biological activity KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16524769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+identification+and+biological+activity+of+chlamydosporol+from+Fusarium+culmorum+HM-8.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BMirocha%2C+C+J%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium culmorum; isolation; identification; biological activity; mycotoxins ER - TY - CONF T1 - Use classification of mangrove areas, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. AN - 16523402; 2957454 AB - An integrated biotic inventory of mangrove areas of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, was undertaken to determine priority areas for preservation and sustained-yield management. Criteria for the designation of reserve areas included: the presence of threatened or endangered species; rare species or particularly rich biota; undisturbed old-growth communities; the need to maintain intact mangrove to protect biotic resources from excessive wave action or sedimentation; or similarly, to protect cultural and economic resources; areas of high fisheries or forestry productivity; timber stocking, and proximity to wood-consuming business or other infrastructure. Standard forest inventory plots consisting of five sample points distributed over 1.4 ha were placed at random throughout the mangrove to describe stand composition and stocking and to estimate the area of mangrove forest exploited and the amounts and types of products removed. Results of studies to date and recommendations for reserves are reported. AU - Devoe, N N AU - Conrad, CE AU - Newell, LA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 KW - ISEW, Carolinine I., Pohnpei KW - Micronesia KW - resource surveys KW - resource utilization KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - mangrove swamps KW - Brackish KW - classification systems KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16523402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+classification+of+mangrove+areas%2C+Pohnpei%2C+Federated+States+of+Micronesia.&rft.au=Devoe%2C+N+N%3BConrad%2C+CE%3BNewell%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Devoe&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of elicitor from Colletotrichum graminicola on the response of sorghum to Periconia circinata and its pathotoxin. AN - 16520469; 2959669 AB - The effects of an elicitor CG-elicitor from Colletotrichum graminicola and the host-specific pathotoxin PC-toxin produced by Periconia circinata were studied to determine the interactions of responses associated with resistance and susceptibility, respectively. Roots of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor ) accumulated 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in response to CG-elicitor but not in response to PC-toxin over a range of concentrations. Elicitation of the phytoalexins prior to treatment with PC-toxin had no effect on the genotype-specific induction of electrolyte leakage or on the toxin-enhanced synthesis of a specific group of 16 kDa proteins. Similarly, prior treatment with the elicitor did not prevent infection and development of milo disease symptoms in susceptible seedlings inoculated with conidia of P. circinata . However, treatment of roots with the CG-elicitor enhanced the synthesis of the 16 kDa proteins in both resistant and susceptible genotypes without expression of disease symptoms. Thus, the activities of PC-toxin and CG-elicitor are separable and independent, PC-toxin apparently does not produce disease symptoms by inducing phytoalexins, and induction of phytoalexins does not prevent pathogenesis by P. circinata or the detrimental effects of PC-toxin. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Ransom, R F AU - Hipskind, J AU - Leite, B AU - Nicholson, R L AU - Dunkle, L D AD - Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., and ARS-USDA, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 75 EP - 84 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Periconia circinata KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Colletotrichum graminicola KW - phytoalexins KW - elicitors KW - phytotoxins KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16520469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+elicitor+from+Colletotrichum+graminicola+on+the+response+of+sorghum+to+Periconia+circinata+and+its+pathotoxin.&rft.au=Ransom%2C+R+F%3BHipskind%2C+J%3BLeite%2C+B%3BNicholson%2C+R+L%3BDunkle%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Ransom&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum graminicola; Sorghum bicolor; phytotoxins; elicitors; phytoalexins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gamma ray processing to destroy Staphylococcus aureus in mechanically deboned chicken meat. AN - 16515176; 2950547 AB - Gamma radiation doses of 0.26 kGy and 0.36 kGy, administered in vacuo at 0 degree C, destroyed 90% of log-phase and stationary-phase colony forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 (FDA 196E), respectively, in mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM). Samples inoculated with 10 super(3.9) CFU/g of S. aureus were treated with gamma radiation in vacuo at 0 degree C and then held for 20 hr at 35 degree C (abusive storage). Viable CFU were found in samples irradiated to 0.75 kGy but not in those irradiated to 1.50 kGy either before or after storage. Enterotoxin was not detected in irradiated MDCM. A predictive equation was developed for the response of S. aureus in MDCM to radiation dose and irradiation temperature. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 848 EP - 851 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - poultry KW - meat KW - bactericidal activity KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - gamma radiation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - R 18121:Flavor & aroma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16515176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Gamma+ray+processing+to+destroy+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+mechanically+deboned+chicken+meat.&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; gamma radiation; bactericidal activity; meat; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a biocompetitive agent to control preharvest aflatoxin in drought stressed peanuts. AN - 16510934; 2957459 AB - A three-year study was conducted to evaluate the use of a nonaflatoxin-producing strain of Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 13539) as a biocompetitive agent for the control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts. The agent was added to the soil of the environmental control plot facility at the National Peanut Research Laboratory and tested by subjecting peanuts to optimal conditions for the development of aflatoxin contamination. Edible peanuts from the treated soil contained aflatoxin concentrations of 11, 1, and 40 ppb for crop years 1987, 1988, and 1989, respectively, compared to untreated peanuts with 531, 96, and 241 ppb, respectively. In addition, treatment in 1989 with low and high inoculum levels of a IV-induced mutant from the NRRL 13539 strain resulted in aflatoxin concentrations of 29 and 17 bbp, respectively, in edible peanuts. Soil populations of the biocompetitive agents were not higher than populations of wild strains of A. flavus/parasiticus in untreated soil subjected to late-season drought stress. This is an important ecological consideration relative to the utilization of this biocontrol system. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dorner, J W AU - Cole, R J AU - Blankenship, P D AD - Natl. Peanut Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 1011 Forrester Dr., S.E., Dawson, GA 31742, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 888 EP - 892 VL - 55 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - biocompetitive agent KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - biological control KW - droughts KW - competitors KW - aflatoxins KW - strains KW - mycotoxins KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16510934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+biocompetitive+agent+to+control+preharvest+aflatoxin+in+drought+stressed+peanuts.&rft.au=Dorner%2C+J+W%3BCole%2C+R+J%3BBlankenship%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=888&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus parasiticus; Arachis hypogaea; aflatoxins; biological control; competitors; strains; droughts; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggressiveness of isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis obtained from wheat in the northern great plains. AN - 16510423; 2951983 AB - Eighty-four isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis , obtained from diseased wheat leaves collected from fields in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, were tested on detached seedling leaves of wheat. All isolates were pathogenic. Different levels of aggressiveness were detected among isolates when randomly compared. Isolates with apparent-high levels of aggressiveness were found to be widespread over the region, whereas isolates with apparent-low levels of aggressiveness were detected at a lesser frequency. When compared in the same study, apparent high and apparent-low aggressive isolates were statistically separated from one another. Differences among cultivars were detected when randomly selected isolates were used or when isolates with similar or different levels of aggressiveness were used. Cultivar effects were significant in 96% (44 of 46) of the analyses of variance. In the same tests, the cultivar x isolate interactions generally were not significant. The nonsignificance of the cultivar x isolate interaction in 91% (42 of 46) of the analyses indicated a general lack of specific interaction. This lack of specific interaction was interpreted to mean that the 84 isolates of P. tritici-repentis tested have different levels of aggressiveness and are not regarded as biotypes or races with physiologic specialization. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - ARS-USDA, Northern Great Plains Res. Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 87 EP - 91 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - geographical distribution KW - epidemiology KW - host-pathogen interactions KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - Pyrenophora tritici-repentis KW - infectivity KW - yellow spot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16510423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aggressiveness+of+isolates+of+Pyrenophora+tritici-repentis+obtained+from+wheat+in+the+northern+great+plains.&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; Triticum aestivum; USA; yellow spot; infectivity; epidemiology; geographical distribution; host-pathogen interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphology and host specialization of Sclerotinia trifoliorum from small hop clover. AN - 16509813; 2952054 AB - Symptoms of a Sclerotinia disease were observed annually for 8 yr in volunteer stands of small hop clover (Trifolium dubium ) near Starkville, Mississippi. Apothecia developed from sclerotia in November and December, and patches of dead plants with sclerotia present in and on tissue appeared from February through March. The pathogen was identified as Sclerotinia trifoliorum by ascospore morphology. Sclerotia formed by S. trifoliorum on small hop clover in the field and apothecia produced from them were smaller than those recovered from berseem and crimson clovers. Sclerotia and apothecia produced in culture by isolates from the three clover species did not differ significantly in size. Isolates from all three clover species were highly virulent on berseem clover. Isolates from small hop clover were more virulent on small hop than were isolates from berseem and crimson clovers, whereas isolates from berseem and crimson clovers were more virulent on crimson clover than were isolates from small hop. Disease severity in field plots of crimson clover infested with sclerotia from berseem and crimson clovers was greater than in plots infested with sclerotia from small hop clover. These results document S. trifoliorum as a pathogen of small hop clover for the first time in North America. Isolates of S. trifoliorum from small hop clover show significant and strong specialization in pathogenicity to this host. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pratt, R G AD - USDA-ARS, Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 661 EP - 664 VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - North America KW - pathogenicity KW - morphology KW - host specificity KW - Trifolium dubium KW - Sclerotinia trifoliorum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16509813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Morphology+and+host+specialization+of+Sclerotinia+trifoliorum+from+small+hop+clover.&rft.au=Pratt%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotinia trifoliorum; Trifolium dubium; North America; morphology; host specificity; pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality characteristics associated with Southern Plains grasslands. AN - 16508131; 2952979 AB - Water quality information regarding grasslands in the Southern Plains of Oklahoma and Texas is sparse. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the area's surface and groundwater quality is influenced by native and introduced grass management practices. Concentrations and amounts of sediment, N, and P in surface runoff water were determined for 14, 1- to 6-ha watersheds in the Reddish Prairie and Rolling Red Plain land resource areas for periods of 3 to 13 yr. In general, surface water quality was influenced slightly during the study periods by dominant grass species, area grazing practices, or recommended fertilizer rates, but sediment losses were curtailed greatly by gully amelioration. Mean annual discharge ranged from 30 to 71 000 kg/ha for sediment, 0.1 to 11 kg/ha for total N, and 0.02 to 4 kg/ha for total P. Highest losses were from watersheds with established, active gullies. Annual soluble nutrient losses in surface runoff tended to be small, often <1 kg/ha N or P. Successful prediction of soluble P, particulate P, and particulate N in surface runoff was achieved using appropriate kinetic desorption and enrichment ratio procedures. Soluble N in surface runoff posed few water quality problems, but soluble and total P concentrations often exceeded proposed 0.01 and 0.02 mg/L respective critical limits for eutrophication, even on the more pristine watersheds. In the case of groundwaters, occasional, elevated NO sub(3)-N (i.e., 18 mg/L maximum) concentrations were observed beneath certain N fertilized, introduced and native grasses on shallow water table (3-20 m depth), medium-textured soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Smith, S J AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Berg, WA AU - Naney, J W AU - Coleman, G A AD - USDA-ARS-SPA, Natl. Agric. Water Quality Lab. P.O. Box. 1430, Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 595 EP - 601 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - grazing KW - nutrients KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - environmental impact KW - Freshwater KW - nitrogen KW - groundwater pollution KW - agricultural runoff KW - water pollution KW - land use KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16508131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Water+quality+characteristics+associated+with+Southern+Plains+grasslands.&rft.au=Smith%2C+S+J%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BBerg%2C+WA%3BNaney%2C+J+W%3BColeman%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; grazing; agricultural runoff; groundwater pollution; environmental impact; nutrients (mineral); water pollution; land use; nitrogen; nutrients; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloned DNA probes for specific detection of Italian periwinkle virescence mycoplasmalike organisms (MLO) and investigation of genetic relatedness with other MLOs. AN - 16507933; 2948626 AB - Healthy seedlings of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don placed in a vineyard in northern Italy developed symptoms including phyllody and virescence of flowers, indicating possible infection by a MLO. The pathogen was transmitted by grafting to healthy plants of periwinkle. DNA was extracted from phloem isolated from the graft-inoculated Italian periwinkle virescence (IPVR)-diseased plants, digested with restriction endonucleases EcoRI and Hin dIII, ligated into plasmid vector pIBI30, and cloned in Escherichia coli strain DH5 alpha . Recombinant plasmids and cloned DNA inserts that hybridized with nucleic acid extracted from plants with symptoms of IPVR, but not with nucleic acid from healthy C. roseus , were labeled with biotin and used as probes in dot and Southern hybridizations. Results from Southern hybridizations indicated that at least six IPVR-specific cloned DNA fragments represented chromosomal DNA. When dot hybridizations were carried out under conditions of moderate stringency (42 degree C), five of thirteen probes hybridized with nucleic acid extracted from plants infected by any of twelve other MLOs. Of the remaining eight probes tested, each hybridized under conditions of moderate stringency with nucleic acid from plants infected by any one of from two to twelve MLOs in addition to IPVR MLO. Under conditions of high stringency, four of these eight probes (G42AI, G42BI, G7AI and G11I) hybridized only with nucleic acid extracted from plants infected by IPVR MLO. The findings establish that a MLO is associated with IPVR disease. Although the results revealed a sharing of nucleotide sequence homologies between IPVR MLO and MLOs associated with several other diseases including X-disease, Clover proliferation, Ash yellows, Elm yellows, and flavescence doree, IPVR MLO could be distinguished from these and all other MLOs studied. JF - Phytopathologia Mediterranea AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Bertaccini, A AU - Credi, R AU - Lee, I M AU - Osler, R AU - Carraro, L AU - Barba, M AD - Microbiol. and Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 5 EP - 12 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9465, 0031-9465 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Catharanthus roseus KW - probes KW - detection KW - plant diseases KW - DNA KW - infection KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16507933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathologia+Mediterranea&rft.atitle=Cloned+DNA+probes+for+specific+detection+of+Italian+periwinkle+virescence+mycoplasmalike+organisms+%28MLO%29+and+investigation+of+genetic+relatedness+with+other+MLOs.&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BBertaccini%2C+A%3BCredi%2C+R%3BLee%2C+I+M%3BOsler%2C+R%3BCarraro%2C+L%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathologia+Mediterranea&rft.issn=00319465&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Italian DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catharanthus roseus; mycoplasma-like organisms; infection; detection; DNA; probes; plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergistes jonesii , gen. nov., sp. nov.: A rumen bacterium that degrades toxic pyridinediols. AN - 16490875; 2943263 AB - This study was conducted to identify and characterize rumen bacteria taat are able to degrade the toxic compound, 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4 DHP), that is produced in the rumen from mimosine. Mimosine is a non-protein amino acid that is found in leaves and seeds of Leucaena leucocephala , a leguminous tree used as a forage crop for ruminants in the tropics, and degradation of 3,4 DHP by ruminal microbes is critical for protection of animals from leucaena toxicity. Microbes with this capacity are, however, not ubiquitous and microbial populations in the rumens of animals in some parts of the world are unable to metabolize 3,4 DHP. Four strains of obligately anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that degrade 3,4 DHP were isolated from rumen contents from a goat in Hawaii. The isolates do not ferment carbohydrates, but are able to use both 3,4 DHP and its isomer, 3-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridone (2,3 DHP), as well as arginine and histidine as substrates for growth. Comparisons of the 16S rRNA sequence from one of these isolates with sequences from a widely diverse group of bacteria agree with other information indicating that these isolates do not fit into any existing taxon. Thus, we are hereby proposing a new genus and species designation, Synergistes jonesii , for these organisms. JF - Systematic and Applied Microbiology AU - Allison, MJ AU - Mayberry, W R AU - McSweeney, S AU - Stahl, DA AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 522 EP - 529 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0723-2020, 0723-2020 KW - 3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-pyridone KW - mimosine KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - tropical environment KW - biodegradation KW - Leucaena leucocephala KW - sp.nov. KW - gen.nov. KW - phytotoxins KW - Synergistes jonesii KW - rumen microorganisms KW - animal isolates KW - taxonomy KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16490875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Synergistes+jonesii+%2C+gen.+nov.%2C+sp.+nov.%3A+A+rumen+bacterium+that+degrades+toxic+pyridinediols.&rft.au=Allison%2C+MJ%3BMayberry%2C+W+R%3BMcSweeney%2C+S%3BStahl%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=07232020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Synergistes jonesii; Leucaena leucocephala; gen.nov.; sp.nov.; rumen microorganisms; biodegradation; phytotoxins; tropical environment; animal isolates; taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of headspace oxygen concentration on growth and toxin production by proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum . AN - 16487849; 2936115 AB - A series of experiments was conducted to determine growth and toxin formation by proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum in broth media that have known pH values (5-7), NaCl concentrations (0-4%), and controlled oxygen-nitrogen atmospheres. Lower pH and higher NaCl levels inhibited growth and toxin production by vegetative cells, but 15% oxygen in the headspace was insufficient for inhibition in all media. When spores were used as inocula and the tubes were gas flushed, outgrowth and toxin production generally occurred only under a 1% or less oxygen atmosphere. Occurrence of growth and toxin was favored by high pH and low NaCl levels and was related to spore inoculum size. Spores were also inoculated into a mixed fermenter with controlled oxygen levels in the headspace. Times to measurable turbidity increased with greater oxygen levels from 36 h at 0.005% O sub(2) to 109 h at 0.7% O sub(2); however, growth rates were unaffected by headspace oxygen levels. No toxin was observed with 0.9% O sub(2), further demonstrating that the critical level of oxygen for germination and growth is approximately 1%. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Whiting, R C AU - Naftulin, KA AD - USDA-ARS, E. Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 23 EP - 27 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - oxygen KW - sodium chloride KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - toxins KW - proteolytic bacteria KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - sporulation KW - levels KW - pH KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16487849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+headspace+oxygen+concentration+on+growth+and+toxin+production+by+proteolytic+strains+of+Clostridium+botulinum+.&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C%3BNaftulin%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; toxins; sporulation; levels; pH; proteolytic bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal variability of carbofuran degradation in soil. AN - 16481775; 2934055 AB - Loss of pesticide efficacy resulting from enhanced rates of microbial degradation has been observed with several pesticides including the insecticide carbofuran. Soils in which this phenomenon occurs are often referred to as "problem soils." Previous studies documented the temporal aspects of the conversion of a nonproblem soil to a problem soil, and compared carbofuran degradation rates in problem vs. nonproblem soils. Our study was designed to evaluate the spatial variability of carbofuran degradation activity in a conventional-till and a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) field, and to assess temporal variations of carbofuran degradation activity. Soil samples were collected at two positional locations in each field (in-row and between-row) at three times during the growing season. Within the planting furrow, maximum rates of carbofuran degradation were higher and resulting half-lives of carbofuran (DT-50%) were lower than in samples collected between corn rows. Interactive effects of both microbial biomass and soil water content appeared to contribute to the observed differences in carbofuran degradation kinetics as well as to the positional differences observed. Temporal variations in carbofuran degradation appeared to be dominated by soil water content. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Parkin, T B AU - Shelton AD - USDA-ARS-Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 672 EP - 678 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - carbofuran KW - pesticides (carbamates) KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - soil microorganisms KW - pesticides KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16481775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+variability+of+carbofuran+degradation+in+soil.&rft.au=Parkin%2C+T+B%3BShelton&rft.aulast=Parkin&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=672&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; soil microorganisms; pesticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Counting nematodes with a microplate reader. AN - 16480585; 2933818 AB - The feasibility of counting plant-parasitic nematodes in aqueous suspensions by measuring light transmittance through aqueous suspensions with an ELISA microplate reader was explored. Absorbance readings for eggs or vermiform stages of three species were linearly related (R super(2) > 0.99) to concentrations between 0 to 10,000 nematodes/ml. Coefficients of variation ranged from 12-23%, depending on the species and developmental stage used. The method, therefore, was at least as accurate as direct counts of nematodes in aliquots on a microscope and more than 100 times as fast. The method should have direct application in research programs on plant resistance to nematodes, nematode population dynamics, and nematode behavior. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Robinson, A F AU - Veech, JA AU - Heald, C M AD - USDA ARS, Southern Crops Res. Lab., Route 5, Box 805, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 92 EP - 95 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - counting methods KW - eggs KW - parasites KW - enumeration KW - methodology KW - Nematoda KW - D 04656:Nematodes KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Counting+nematodes+with+a+microplate+reader.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+A+F%3BVeech%2C+JA%3BHeald%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nematoda; methodology; counting methods; parasites; eggs; enumeration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen outputs from a field-size agricultural watershed. AN - 16480368; 2933771 AB - Nitrogen outputs from a 0.34-ha field were measured for 1984 through 1987. The field consisted of Cowarts loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult) managed in a summer row crop-winter cover crop sequence. Outputs measured were subsurface flow, surface runoff, and denitrification. Monthly sampling of denitrification rates showed a high degree of temporal and spatial variability. Rates significantly increased with soil moisture and depth. Denitrification also increased after irrigation events. Nitrogen movement in subsurface flow was 97% NO sub(3)-N and was about 10 times that in surface runoff. Most subsurface flow and movement of N (77 kg NO sub(3)-N/ha) occurred in December 1986 through February 1987 when 62 cm of precipitation fell in a 12-wk period (December 1986-February 1987) following fertilizer application. This period accounted for one-half the total subsurface nitrate movement for the 4-yr study. Even though no crop was harvested in 1985, subsurface outputs of N were low in winter of 1985-1986. Soil NH sub(4)-N levels were significantly higher after the year without a harvest, indicating that more of the N in crop residue was found in the soil pool. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lowrance, R AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 602 EP - 607 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - agricultural pollution KW - watersheds KW - USA, Georgia KW - Freshwater KW - nitrogen KW - agricultural runoff KW - groundwater pollution KW - water pollution KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+outputs+from+a+field-size+agricultural+watershed.&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; groundwater pollution; agricultural runoff; watersheds; water pollution; nitrogen; USA, Georgia; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of cDNAs coding for Vicia faba polyphenol oxidase. AN - 16465912; 2928310 AB - Three cDNA clones were isolated which code for the ubiquitous chloroplast enzyme, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), from Vicia faba . Analysis of the cloned DNA reveals that PPO is synthesized with an N-terminal extension of 92 amino acid residues, presumed to be a transit peptide. The mature protein is predicted to have a molecular mass of 58 kDa which is in close agreement to the molecular mass estimated for the in vivo protein upon SDS-PAGE. Differences in the DNA sequence of two full-length and and partial cDNA clones indicate that PPO is encoded by a gene family. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence shows that the chloroplast PPO shares homology with the 59 kDa PPOs in glandular trichomes of solanaceous species. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Cary, J W AU - Lax, A R AU - Flurkey, W H AD - USDA-ARS-Southern Reg. Res. Cent., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 245 EP - 253 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - Vicia faba KW - amino acid sequence KW - cDNA KW - cloning KW - endopolyphosphatase KW - expression KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - G 07355:GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16465912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+cDNAs+coding+for+Vicia+faba+polyphenol+oxidase.&rft.au=Cary%2C+J+W%3BLax%2C+A+R%3BFlurkey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; expression; cloning; cDNA; amino acid sequence; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of Hurricane Hugo on bird populations on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. AN - 16457067; 2917330 AB - Bird populations were sampled along road transects eight months after Hurricane Hugo struck St. Croix, at sites previously sampled on similar dates in 1987. Surveys revealed 33 species both before and after the hurricane, of which 30 species were detected during both samples. However, the average number of birds per stop was significantly lower after the storm's passage than before. No pattern was evident in the changes of aquatic species, but this may reflect limited sample sizes. Among terrestrial species, higher proportions of nectarivores and fruit/seedeaters declined than insectivores or raptors, suggesting that the storm's greatest stress occurred after its passage rather than during its impact. Populations of the Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus ) declined on one transect and increased on another, a pattern consistent with inter-habitat migration. The fruit/seed diet, low population size, and restriction to remnant forest fragments of the Bridled Quail-Dove (Geotrygon mystacea ) may explain the significant population decline of this species and its disappearance from traditional sites. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Wauer, R H AU - Wunderle, JM Jr AD - Inst. Trop. For., South. For. Exp. Stn., U.S.D.A. For. Serv., P.O. Box B, Palmer, Puerto Rico 00721 Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 656 EP - 673 VL - 104 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - effects on KW - US Virgin I., St. Croix KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - population levels KW - storms KW - hurricanes KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16457067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+Hurricane+Hugo+on+bird+populations+on+St.+Croix%2C+U.S.+Virgin+Islands.&rft.au=Wauer%2C+R+H%3BWunderle%2C+JM+Jr&rft.aulast=Wauer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; population levels; storms; hurricanes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of the soybean alcohol dehydrogenase gene family amplified in vitro by the polymerase chain reaction. AN - 16455328; 2922520 AB - Soybean (Glycine max ) alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) cDNAs were amplified in vitro from total RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplification strategy involved first strand cDNA synthesis from anaerobic cotyledon total RNA using an 18-thymidine primer. The second strand cDNA primer was a conserved sequence near the 5' end of known plant ADH transcripts. The PCR products were ligated into a plasmid vector and unique clones were isolated on the basis of size and restriction pattern. Sequence analysis revealed three distinct classes of soybean ADH cDNAs, all of which showed high homology to Adh genes from maize and peas. JF - Plant Physiology AU - Newman, K D AU - van Toai, TT AD - Dep. Agron., Ohio State Univ. and Soil Drainage Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 489 EP - 495 VL - 100 IS - 1 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Glycine max KW - alcohol dehydrogenase KW - amino acid sequence KW - cDNA KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07355:GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16455328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+the+soybean+alcohol+dehydrogenase+gene+family+amplified+in+vitro+by+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Newman%2C+K+D%3Bvan+Toai%2C+TT&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; cDNA; amino acid sequence; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of storage rots on various pear cultivars with a saprophytic strain of Pseudomonas syringae . AN - 16449489; 2918354 AB - Dip treatment of wounded pear (Pyrus communis ) fruit (cvs. Anjou, Bosc, Bartlett, and Red Bartlett) with a saprophytic strain of Pseudomonas syringae (L-59-66) provided complete or partial control of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea ) and blue mold (Penicillium expansum ) during storage at 18 C for 5 days or 1 C for 30 days. Cultivar, wound type, and storage temperature significantly affected the efficacy of the treatment. Control of both diseases as high as 100% was achieved in many tests with the addition of L-59-66 to a final concentration of 5.4 x 10 super(8) cfu/ml in the inocula (10 super(4) conidia per milliliter) of the pathogens. Disease control was best an Anjou, where frequently no rot developed, and worst on Bosc, where occasionally more than 90% of wounds developed disease. Nail wounds, which contained macerated tissue, were more difficult to protect than were clean cuts. Antagonist population in wound sites increased from 6.86 to 9.51 log cfu/ml per site during storage of fruit at 1 C for 30 days. Disease symptoms were not observed at any wound site inoculated with antagonist alone. Larger populations of antagonist were recovered from nail wounds than from cut wounds and from Bosc than from the other cultivars. Yet, the antagonist treatment was least effective with Bosc. A higher concentration of the antagonist must be used to achieve satisfactory control under these circumstances. JF - Plant Disease AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Marchi, A AD - Res. Plant Pathologist, ARS/USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn., Kearneysville, WV, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 555 EP - 560 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - rot KW - Pyrus communis KW - disease control KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - storage KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16449489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Control+of+storage+rots+on+various+pear+cultivars+with+a+saprophytic+strain+of+Pseudomonas+syringae+.&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BMarchi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas syringae; Pyrus communis; storage; rot; disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mice immunized with a subviral particle containing the Japanese encephalitis virus prM/M and E proteins are protected from lethal JEV infection. AN - 16446596; 2911246 AB - Extracellular subviral particles produced by HeLa cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the prM and E genes of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were purified and characterized. These particles contained the JEV prM/M and E proteins embedded in a lipid bilayer, and RNA was not detected in particles using the polymerase chain reaction and primers recognizing a part of the JEV E gene. The particles were uniformly spherical with a 20-nm diameter and had 5-nm projections on their surface. Mice that received a single inoculation of the purified extracellular particles emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant were fully protected against 4.9 x 10 super(5) LD sub(50) of JEV. Comparison of the neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and radioimmunoprecipitation data showed that immunization with the particles induced an immune response similar to that following inoculation with the recombinant vaccinia virus. JF - Virology AU - Konishi, E AU - Pincus, S AU - Paoletti, E AU - Shope, R E AU - Burrage, T AU - Mason, P W AD - Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 714 EP - 720 VL - 188 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - E protein KW - M protein KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - immunization KW - viroids KW - recombinant KW - Japanese encephalitis virus KW - V 22099:Immune response & immune mechanisms KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16446596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Mice+immunized+with+a+subviral+particle+containing+the+Japanese+encephalitis+virus+prM%2FM+and+E+proteins+are+protected+from+lethal+JEV+infection.&rft.au=Konishi%2C+E%3BPincus%2C+S%3BPaoletti%2C+E%3BShope%2C+R+E%3BBurrage%2C+T%3BMason%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Konishi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunization; viroids; recombinant; Japanese encephalitis virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasmid-associated effects on test gene expression and Marek's disease virus plaque formation during recombination trials. AN - 16444826; 2912533 AB - Marek's disease virus (MDV), a herpesvirus of avian origin, is being examined for suitability as a vector for expressing foreign genes. We observed that plasmids encoding the LacZ gene of E. coli under the control of either the herpes simplex virus alpha 4 immediate-early promoter or the cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter inhibited MDV plaque formation. Plaque numbers were decreased by one-third, and transient expression of the beta -galactosidase reporter gene was increased by up to 6-fold, when the plasmids were linearized. Sequences associated with the heterologous promoter were identified as being responsible for inhibiting MDV replication. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Marshall AU - Silva, R F AD - USDA-ARS, Avian Dis. and Oncol. Lab., 3606 E. Mt. Hope Rd., E. Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 195 EP - 204 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Marek's disease virus KW - chickens KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - herpesvirus KW - cloning vectors KW - inhibition KW - plasmids KW - gene expression KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16444826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Plasmid-associated+effects+on+test+gene+expression+and+Marek%27s+disease+virus+plaque+formation+during+recombination+trials.&rft.au=Marshall%3BSilva%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning vectors; inhibition; plasmids; gene expression; herpesvirus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Important diseases of Prunus caused by viruses and other graft-transmissible pathogens in California and South Carolina. AN - 16444487; 2912429 JF - Plant Disease AU - Uyemoto, J K AU - Scott, S W AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 5 EP - 11 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - isometric labile ringspot viruses KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - reviews KW - USA KW - pathogens KW - nepovirus KW - Prunus KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22187:Control & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16444487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Important+diseases+of+Prunus+caused+by+viruses+and+other+graft-transmissible+pathogens+in+California+and+South+Carolina.&rft.au=Uyemoto%2C+J+K%3BScott%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Uyemoto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus; nepovirus; USA; pathogens; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ilarviruses: Evidence for rapid spread and effects on vegetative growth and fruit yields of peach trees. AN - 16444203; 2912325 AB - Over a 4-yr period, the incidence of trees infected by prune dwarf virus (PDV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (NRSV) in two young peach (Prunus persica ) orchards progressed from 27 to 94% in one subplot and from zero to 72% in the other. For trees infected with peach stunt disease (PSD = infections by PDV and NRSV), fruit production, trunk diameter, and tree height were reduced by an average of 30, 23, and 12%, respectively, over 3 yr. Single virus infections by NRSV, but not PDV, also significantly affected tree growth and fruit yield. Honeybees tested positive for both viruses and are likely involved in transporting virus-contaminated pollen to healthy trees. JF - Plant Disease AU - Uyemoto, J K AU - Asai, W K AU - Luhn, C F AD - ARS-USDA, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 71 EP - 74 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - isometric labile ringspot viruses KW - ilarviruses KW - effects on KW - honeybees KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - disease transmission KW - yield KW - fruits KW - vegetation KW - production KW - Prunus persica KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22186:Transmission KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16444203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Ilarviruses%3A+Evidence+for+rapid+spread+and+effects+on+vegetative+growth+and+fruit+yields+of+peach+trees.&rft.au=Uyemoto%2C+J+K%3BAsai%2C+W+K%3BLuhn%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Uyemoto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus persica; disease transmission; vegetation; fruits; yield; production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microalgae Spirulina maxima (Oscillatoriaceae) in the larval diet of the screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae). AN - 16443209; 2911504 AB - The effect of substitution of spray dried Spirulina maxima (Setchell and Gardiner) Gietler power for nonfat dry milk in the diet of the larval screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was evaluated. Pupal weight and total number of pupae produced were significantly affected by concentrations of the algal powder in the formulations tested. Percent adult emergence, sex ratio, oviposition and percent eclosion were similar between the treatments. Diet formulations containing higher concentrations of S. maxima powder showed the most promise as possible substitutes for the nonfat dry milk component used in the larval diet in the screwworm production facility. Use of Spirulina spp. could lead to a savings in the dietary ingredient costs of the larval screwworm diet. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Friese, D D AD - Screwworm Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, PSC 20, Box 422, APO AA 34020, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 289 EP - 294 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - aquatic insects KW - insect larvae KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - diets KW - feeding KW - Freshwater KW - Spirulina maxima KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - larvae KW - Calliphoridae KW - Diptera KW - Q3 08584:Culture of other aquatic animals KW - Q1 08584:Culture of other aquatic animals KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16443209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Microalgae+Spirulina+maxima+%28Oscillatoriaceae%29+in+the+larval+diet+of+the+screwworm+%28Diptera%3A+Calliphoridae%29.&rft.au=Friese%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Friese&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - larvae; feeding; diets; insect larvae; aquatic insects; Cochliomyia hominivorax; Spirulina maxima; Diptera; Calliphoridae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanical transmission, susceptibility, and host response in Bing sweet cherry and three rootstocks by the walnut strain of cherry leafroll virus. AN - 16441873; 2913688 AB - A purified preparation of the walnut isolate of cherry leafroll virus (CLRV) was successfully transmitted to cherry (Prunus avium cv. Bing), to seedling Mazzard rootstock (P. avium ), and to Mahaleb rootstock (P. mahaleb ) but not to rooted cuttings of Colt rootstock (P. avium x P. pseudocerasus ). CLRV-W infection produced a characteristic pitting symptom in the woody cylinder of susceptible cultivars. Its presence was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in extracts prepared from symptomatic leaves or bark tissues. Extracts of Colt were uniformly negative, as were tests from buffer-inoculated control tissues. JF - Plant Disease AU - Rowhani, A AU - Mircetich, S M AD - ARS-USDA, Dep. Plant Pathol., Coll. Agric. and Environ. Sci., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 264 EP - 266 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Prunus pseudocerasus KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Prunus mahaleb KW - disease transmission KW - Prunus avium KW - transmission (mechanical) KW - cherry leaf roll virus KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - response KW - susceptibility KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16441873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mechanical+transmission%2C+susceptibility%2C+and+host+response+in+Bing+sweet+cherry+and+three+rootstocks+by+the+walnut+strain+of+cherry+leafroll+virus.&rft.au=Rowhani%2C+A%3BMircetich%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Rowhani&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus avium; cherry leaf roll virus; Prunus mahaleb; disease transmission; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; susceptibility; transmission (mechanical); response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lampyridae (Coleoptera): A plethora of mollicute associations. AN - 16441191; 2913502 AB - Beetles (Coleoptera) harbor many species of Acholeplasma and Spiroplasma (division Tenericutes, class Mollicutes). Mollicutes were isolated from guts and/or hemocoels of firefly beetles (Lampyridae) from the United States (Maryland and West Virginia), Ecuador, and Tobago. Firefly beetles were frequent hosts for the group XIV spiroplasma, isolated from Ellychnia corrusca , and the group XIX spiroplasma, isolated from Photuris spp. The most unusual feature of the firefly-mollicute association is the carriage of four Mycoplasma species. Recent phylogenetic studies indicate that these species are members of a clade that includes a vertebrate pathogen, Mycoplasma mycoides . The high rate of occurrence of Mycoplasma species (which are, otherwise, infrequent in insects) in lampyrid beetles suggests that the association is significant. The unusual light-producing physiology of lampyrids (which is dependent on large pools of energy) and the production of large amounts of cardenolides from cholesterol (a critical growth factor for many mollicutes) may favor colonization by mollicutes. JF - Microbial ecology. New York NY AU - Hackett, K J AU - Whitcomb, R F AU - Tully, J G AU - Lloyd, JE AU - Anderson, J J AU - Clark, T B AU - Henegar, R B AU - Rose, D L AU - Clark, E A AU - Vaughn, J L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Plant Prot. Inst., ARS-USDA, Build. 011A, Rm. 214, USDA, Beltsville MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 181 EP - 193 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - Tobago KW - Ellychnia corrusca KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mollicutes KW - Ecuador KW - Lampyridae KW - isolation KW - Spiroplasma KW - Mycoplasma KW - Coleoptera KW - symbionts KW - USA KW - Photuris KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05200:Symbiosis & commensalism KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16441191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.atitle=Lampyridae+%28Coleoptera%29%3A+A+plethora+of+mollicute+associations.&rft.au=Hackett%2C+K+J%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F%3BTully%2C+J+G%3BLloyd%2C+JE%3BAnderson%2C+J+J%3BClark%2C+T+B%3BHenegar%2C+R+B%3BRose%2C+D+L%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BVaughn%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mollicutes; Coleoptera; Spiroplasma; Mycoplasma; Lampyridae; Photuris; USA; Ecuador; isolation; symbionts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissemination of bacteria antagonistic to Erwinia amylovora by honey bees. AN - 16430312; 2905380 AB - Foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera ) were tested for ability to disseminate bacteria antagonistic to Erwinia amylovora to apple and pear flowers in commercial orchards. The bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and E. herbicola , previously known to provide biological control of fire blight, were placed on apple or cattail pollen at populations of 10 super(9) and 10 super(8) bacteria per gram, respectively. There was not significant decline in viable bacteria on either pollen over 3 wk at 4 C. These bacteria-treated pollens were placed in pollen inserts in the entrances of beehives. Honey bees emerging from these hives through bacteria-pollen mixtures acquired an average of 10 super(5) and 10 super(4) cfu per bee of P. fluorescens) and E. herbicola , respectively. E. herbicola was detected on 92% of the apple flowers in a 2.6-ha orchard 2 days after the start of one study. In a pear orchard, 72% of the flowers within 7.6 m of the hive were colonized with P. fluorescens (average population of 10 super(2) cfu per flower) 8 days after the start of the study. Our study showed that bees can be efficient vectors of antagonistic bacteria for biological control of fire blight; disease control could not be evaluated because of frost and absence of disease in the test orchards. JF - Plant Disease AU - Thomson, S V AU - Hansen AU - Flint, K M AU - Vandenberg, J D AD - Dep. Biol., USDA-ARS, Utah State Univ., Logan UT 84322-5305, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1052 EP - 1056 VL - 76 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - fire blight KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - vectors KW - biological control KW - antagonism KW - bacteria KW - Erwinia herbicola KW - Apis mellifera KW - role KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16430312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Dissemination+of+bacteria+antagonistic+to+Erwinia+amylovora+by+honey+bees.&rft.au=Thomson%2C+S+V%3BHansen%3BFlint%2C+K+M%3BVandenberg%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1052&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vectors; biological control; antagonism; bacteria; role; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Erwinia herbicola; Apis mellifera; Hymenoptera; Erwinia amylovora; Apidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intra- and interspecific sex pheromone responses of screwworm and secondary screwworm flies. AN - 16427393; 2897698 AB - A laboratory behavioral assay examined intra- and interspecific responses to sex pheromone by screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax , and secondary screwworms, C. macellaria , in relation to the duration of colonization of C. hominivorax test males. Females of C. macellaria , like those of C. hominivorax , were found to produce a pheromone that stimulates male copulatory attempts on contact. Newly colonized ( 200 generations) C. hominivorax males did respond to C. macellaria females or their extract, this behavior was infrequent and significantly less common than intraspecific responses. Depriving C. macellaria adults of dietary protein did not affect the potency of female extracts, but did reduce male responsiveness to pheromone. These results provided little evidence that colonization reduces the ability of C. hominivorax males to differentiate between C. hominivorax and C. macellaria females using sex pheromones. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hammack, L AD - North. Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA, ARS, RR No. 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1327 EP - 1336 VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - intraspecific relationship KW - screwworm flies KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - attractancy KW - interspecific relationships KW - Cochliomyia macellaria KW - Diptera KW - Calliphoridae KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16427393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Intra-+and+interspecific+sex+pheromone+responses+of+screwworm+and+secondary+screwworm+flies.&rft.au=Hammack%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliomyia hominivorax; Cochliomyia macellaria; Calliphoridae; Diptera; sex pheromone; interspecific relationships; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proteinases of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta . AN - 16426430; 2902922 AB - Proteinase formation by the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta was studied to determine whether differences in proteolytic enzyme production could be correlated with the ability to decay wood. Strain MAD698, a standard test isolate of P. placenta , formed higher levels of proteinases in the presence of organic, rather than inorganic, nitrogen. Strain ME20, an atypical monokaryon that causes less than 5% weight loss in wood in standardized decay tests, produced elevated levels of proteinase in the presence of inorganic nitrogen. Strain MED20 was also able to metabolize nitrate, a nitrogen source not readily used by P. placenta . Proteinase production was associated with the autolytic phase of growth in both MAD698 and ME20 and was localized in the colony centers. The proteinases had acidic pH optima indicative of aspartic proteinases. The ability of an isolate to cause weight loss in wood may be related to its proteinase regulation and nitrogen metabolism. JF - Mycologia AU - Micales, JA AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 815 EP - 822 VL - 84 IS - 6 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Postia placenta KW - proteinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biodegradation KW - wood KW - metabolism KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16426430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Proteinases+of+the+brown-rot+fungus+Postia+placenta+.&rft.au=Micales%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Micales&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wood; biodegradation; metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systemic release of chemical signals by herbivore-injured corn. AN - 16426015; 2900237 AB - Corn seedlings respond to insect herbivore-inflicted injury by releasing relatively large amounts of several characteristic terpenoids and, as a result, become highly attractive to parasitic wasps that attack the herbivores. Chemical evidence showed that the induced emission of volatiles is not limited to the sites of damage but occurs throughout the plant. This evidence was obtained by comparing the release of volatiles from leaves of unharmed (control) seedlings with the release of volatiles from undamaged leaves of seedlings with two injured leaves treated with caterpillar regurgitant. Immediately after injury no differences were measured in the released volatiles, but several hours later the undamaged leaves of injured plants released the terpenoids linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene in significantly larger amounts than leaves of unharmed plants. The systemic release of volatiles by injured corn coincided with attractiveness to the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris ; undamaged leaves of injured plants became significantly more attractive than leaves from control seedlings. These findings show conclusively that when a plant is injured by an insect herbivore the whole plant emits chemical signals. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Turlings, TCJ AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Insect Attract., Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 8399 EP - 8402 VL - 89 IS - 17 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - terpenoids KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Cotesia marginiventris KW - leaves KW - Braconidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - damage KW - release KW - chemical communication KW - plants KW - Zea mays KW - herbivory KW - herbivores KW - parasitoids KW - attractancy KW - volatiles KW - kairomones KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16426015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Systemic+release+of+chemical+signals+by+herbivore-injured+corn.&rft.au=Turlings%2C+TCJ%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Turlings&rft.aufirst=TCJ&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=8399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cotesia marginiventris; Braconidae; Hymenoptera; Zea mays; chemical communication; volatiles; release; plants; leaves; parasitoids; attractancy; herbivores; damage; herbivory; kairomones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid chemiluminescent detection method for barley yellow dwarf virus. AN - 16425352; 2899762 AB - Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV-IL) was detected with biotinylated in vitro transcript cDNA using a chemiluminescent substrate on nylon membranes. Signals were detected on X-ray film and quantified using either a densitometer or an ELISA plate reader. The time required for sample preparation was reduced so that the entire protocol could be completed in two days. The in vitro transcript probes could detect 1 ng of purified virus and as little as 1 mu l of sap extracts prepared from infected oat shoots. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Fouly, H M AU - Domier, L L AU - D'Arcy, C J AD - USDA-ARS-MWA-CPRU, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Illionis, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 291 EP - 298 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - chemiluminescence KW - immunoblotting KW - barley yellow dwarf virus KW - methodology KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=A+rapid+chemiluminescent+detection+method+for+barley+yellow+dwarf+virus.&rft.au=Fouly%2C+H+M%3BDomier%2C+L+L%3BD%27Arcy%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Fouly&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemiluminescence; detection; immunoblotting; methodology; barley yellow dwarf virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New approaches to vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease. AN - 16424421; 2907928 AB - The economically important foot-and-mouth disease has been successfully controlled in Western Europe by comprehensive immunization using killed vaccine. The author discusses the wisdom of abandoning this policy, and outlines research into alternative vaccines using recombinant DNA technology, in particular using synthetic peptides. JF - Vaccine AU - Brown, F AD - USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1022 EP - 1032 VL - 10 IS - 14 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - vaccinations KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Europe, West KW - biotechnology KW - DNA KW - peptides KW - recombinant KW - foot-and-mouth disease KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22114:Human oncogenic viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16424421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=New+approaches+to+vaccination+against+foot-and-mouth+disease.&rft.au=Brown%2C+F&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotechnology; DNA; peptides; recombinant; foot-and-mouth disease; Europe, West ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal variations in susceptibility and in internal inoculum densities in maple species inoculated with Verticillium dahliae . AN - 16424163; 2899568 AB - Differences in susceptibility to Verticillium dahliae between potted Norway (Acer platanoides ) and silver (A. saccharinum ) maple seedlings were determined by the percentages of infected trees, foliar symptoms, infected stem sections, and height of fungus movement in the stems. Data were pooled for four inoculation times in each growing season in 1983, 1984, and 1987. Norway and silver maples did not differ in percentage of infected trees, but Verticillium was recovered from a higher percentage of stem sections and the fungus grew to a higher percentage of the stem length in Norway maples. Similar comparisons were made in sugar (A. saccharum ), Norway, and silver maples in 1987. Sugar maple was the most susceptible species by all criteria. A seasonal decline in susceptibility was observed for sugar and Norway maples but not for silver maples. Verticillium produced foliar symptoms in sugar but not in silver or Norway maple seedlings. Inoculum densities in the stems of silver and sugar maples were compared and expressed as total numbers of colony-forming units. Numbers of both short-lived conidia and mycelial fragments and microsclerotia were determined, and the number of colony-forming units isolated was higher from sugar than from silver maples. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schreiber, L R AU - Mayer, J S AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Natl. Arboretum, Ohio Res. Site, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 184 EP - 187 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Acer platanoides KW - Acer saccharinum KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - wilt KW - susceptibility KW - inoculum KW - seasonal variations KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16424163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variations+in+susceptibility+and+in+internal+inoculum+densities+in+maple+species+inoculated+with+Verticillium+dahliae+.&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+L+R%3BMayer%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Verticillium dahliae; Acer platanoides; Acer saccharinum; wilt; susceptibility; inoculum; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apparent immunity and tolerance to tomato big bud disease in Lycopersicon peruvianum and in two of its tomato hybrids. AN - 16423922; 2899344 AB - A number of aster yellows type disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and tomato (Solanum tubersorum L.) reported worldwide under a variety of names are believed to be caused by members of a group of mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs). These include tomato big bud diseases reported in the United States. All plants in a seed lot of Lycopersicon peruvianum , U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Introduction (PI) No. 128655, and in seed lots of two F sub(5) hybrid progenies of PI 128655 x tomato either did not become infected (apparent immunity) or were infected without symptoms (tolerance) after graft inoculation using tomato tissue infected with tomato big bud disease. The same germ plasm was previously shown to contain the same expressions of resistance and tolerance against three phloem-limited viruses-beet curly top, tomato yellow top, and potato leafroll. JF - Plant Disease AU - Thomas, P E AU - Hassan, S AD - ARS-USDA, Irrig. Agric. Res. and Ext. Cent., Route 2, Box 2953A, Prosser, WA 99350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 139 EP - 141 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - disease resistance KW - big bud KW - Lycopersicon peruvianum KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16423922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Apparent+immunity+and+tolerance+to+tomato+big+bud+disease+in+Lycopersicon+peruvianum+and+in+two+of+its+tomato+hybrids.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+P+E%3BHassan%2C+S&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon peruvianum; mycoplasma-like organisms; big bud; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of foci of Asiatic citrus canker in a Florida citrus orchard. AN - 16423774; 2899296 AB - In October 1990, the occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in an orchard in south Florida was apparently related to spread of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri from dooryard trees 230 m away on an adjacent property. The establishment of apparent initial foci of disease in the orchard coincided temporally with a major rainstorm with high winds during mid-August 1989. Infection of the dooryard trees on the adjacent property was related by regulatory officials to an introduction of inoculum from an outbreak of Asiatic citrus canker on the west coast of Florida in 1986. Restriction endonuclease digest patterns of DNA taken from the pathogens during the 1986 and 1990 outbreaks were identical. There were three extensive and several minor areas of diseased trees in the orchard. The three most extensive areas of disease each had trees near the center of the cluster with stem lesions that predated all other foliar lesions in the cluster. From isopath maps of these areas a main focus of diseased trees was found, surrounded by what appeared to be secondary foci. A greater within-row than across-row aggregation for each area was detected by ordinary runs analyses. A predominant direction of disease spread among the area of diseased trees was not found in analysis of disease gradients. A slightly stronger association of diseased trees within than across rows was found in spatial lag autocorrelation analyses, but noncontiguous groups of diseased trees also occurred that coincided with secondary foci at oblique angles to the oldest diseased trees. If natural spread within the orchard did occur, it may have been confounded by mechanical spread of X. c. citri caused by orchard management practices, such as pesticide applications. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Graham, J H AD - Res. Plant Pathol., USDA-ARS, Orlando, FL 43803, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 389 EP - 396 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pv.citri KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Citrus KW - USA, Florida KW - canker KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - DNA KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16423774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+foci+of+Asiatic+citrus+canker+in+a+Florida+citrus+orchard.&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BGraham%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas campestris; Citrus; USA, Florida; canker; restriction fragment length polymorphism; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and functional analysis of the fowlpox virus homolog of the vaccinia virus p37K major envelope antigen gene. AN - 16423755; 2908304 AB - A fowlpox virus (FPV) gene with homology to the vaccine virus p37K major envelope antigen gene was identified and sequenced. The predicted product has a molecular weight of 43,018 Da (p43K). The FPV p43K gene has 37.5% identity with its vaccinia counterpart and higher homology with a molluscum contagiosum virus gene (42.6% identity). Based on upstream sequences, p43K appears to be regulated as a late gene. Recombinant FPV were generated in which a large portion of p43K was replaced by the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. These recombinants failed to produce visible plaques under standard conditions. After prolonged incubation the microplaques developed into small macroscopic plaques. Plaques were purified on the basis of lacZ expression. Single-cycle growth curves comparing the p43K-deleted recombinant (designated fJd43Z) with parental FPV showed that the two viruses produce identical amounts of intracellular virions, but that fJd43Z released 20-fold fewer infectious particles into the medium. CsCl gradient centrifugation of ( super(3)H)thymidine-labeled virus was employed to examine differences in the production of physical particles. The two viruses produced equivalent levels of intracellular virions, but fJd43Z failed to produce detectable levels of released particles. FPV p43K is therefore involved in the release of virions from infected cells. JF - Virology AU - Calvert, J G AU - Ogawa, R AU - Yanagida, N AU - Nazerian, K AD - USDA-ARS, Avian Dis. and Oncol. Lab., 3606 E. Mount Hope Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 783 EP - 792 VL - 191 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - p37K antigen KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccinia virus KW - nucleotide sequence KW - envelopes KW - fowlpox virus KW - genes KW - F 06002:Viruses KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - G 07313:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22031:Viral nucleic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16423755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+functional+analysis+of+the+fowlpox+virus+homolog+of+the+vaccinia+virus+p37K+major+envelope+antigen+gene.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+J+G%3BOgawa%2C+R%3BYanagida%2C+N%3BNazerian%2C+K&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; envelopes; genes; vaccinia virus; fowlpox virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of individual and multiple infections with three bacterial pathogens on disease severity and yield of soybeans. AN - 16422941; 2899502 AB - Bacterial blight, bacterial pustule, and wildfire resulting from multiple inoculations with individual or mixed cultures had no effect on yield of three soybean (Glycine max ) cultivars in 1986 and 1987. In both years, disease severity at each rating and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Pella, which is susceptible to Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines , causal agent of bacterial pustule, were highest in the plots inoculated with either X. c. glycines alone or combination with the other pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (bacterial blight) and P. syringae pv. tabaci (wildfire). The severity of individual diseases was not affected by mixed inoculations with the other pathogens; the pathogens did not act synergistically. Effects of individual and multiple diseases on yield were not statistically significant. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hwang, I AU - Lim, S M AD - Dep. Plant Pathol., USDA, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 195 EP - 198 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pv.glycines KW - var.glycinea KW - var.tabaci KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mixed infection KW - plant diseases KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - Glycine max KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effects+of+individual+and+multiple+infections+with+three+bacterial+pathogens+on+disease+severity+and+yield+of+soybeans.&rft.au=Hwang%2C+I%3BLim%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas campestris; Pseudomonas syringae; Glycine max; mixed infection; plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing of Lake Chicot, Arkansas: Monitoring suspended sediments, turbidity, and Secchi depth with Landsat MSS Data. AN - 16422599; 2899774 AB - This research used water quality data from Lake Chicot, Arkansas and a corresponding set of Landsat MSS data to compare the ability of satellite-based sensor systems to monitor suspended sediment concentration, Secchi disk depth, and nephelometric turbidity. Lake Chicot was selected, in part, because of the availability of a wide range of water quality conditions. Secchi disk depth and nephelometric turbidity are both optical measures of water quality and differ from suspended sediment concentration, which is a measure of the weight of inorganic particulates suspended in the water column. Four different models for these relationships between the satellite data and the water quality data were tested. Two different solar spectral irradiance curves and an orbital eccentricity correction factor are tested using the exponential model. Results suggest: 1) Remote sensing from space-based platforms can provide meaningful information on water quality variability; 2) an exponential model best characterizes the relationship between the satellite data and the water quality measures investigated; slight differences result from using the solar curve proposed by the World Radiation Center (as opposed to the NASA standard); and 4) predictions based on optical measures of water quality, rather than measures of the weight of particles in the water column, are slightly better when using Landsat MSS data. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Harrington, JA Jr AU - Schiebe AU - Nix, J F AD - Water Quality Watershed Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 15 EP - 27 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - models KW - Secchi discs KW - water quality KW - USA, Arkansas, Chicot L. KW - comparative studies KW - suspended particulate matter KW - turbidity KW - Freshwater KW - satellite sensing KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q2 09186:Chemistry of suspended matter UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+of+Lake+Chicot%2C+Arkansas%3A+Monitoring+suspended+sediments%2C+turbidity%2C+and+Secchi+depth+with+Landsat+MSS+Data.&rft.au=Harrington%2C+JA+Jr%3BSchiebe%3BNix%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; water quality; Secchi discs; comparative studies; suspended particulate matter; turbidity; satellite sensing; USA, Arkansas, Chicot L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellency of sucrose to captive American robins. AN - 16419377; 2903116 AB - American robins (Turdus migratorius ) are often pests of commercial fruit crops in North America. Because robins lack sucrase and cannot digest sucrose, they may develop an aversion to high-sucrose fruits. Thus, I tested captive robins with aqueous solutions of 15% (g/mL) mixed sugars (x% sucrose + y% glucose and fructose mixture = 15% sugar) to identify the level of sucrose required to develop a conditioned feeding aversion when digestible sugars are present. In 1-tube tests, robins decreased intake of 15% sucrose solutions 50% below baseline, but maintained stable intake of 3.75% and 7.5% sucrose solutions. In 2-tube tests with sucrose solutions paired against a glucose-fructose solution, robins avoided the 15% treatment in the first hour of testing (P 0.05). My data suggest that a fruit cultivar would require as much as 15% sucrose to repel robins, and such high sugar concentrations naturally occur in fruits. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Brugger, KE AD - USDA/APHIS/Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Florida Field Stn., 2820 E. University Ave., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 794 EP - 799 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - sucrose KW - American robins KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - captivity KW - pest control KW - taste aversion KW - Turdus migratorius KW - repellency KW - D 04700:Management KW - R 18060:Others KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16419377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Repellency+of+sucrose+to+captive+American+robins.&rft.au=Brugger%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Brugger&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=794&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turdus migratorius; pest control; repellency; captivity; taste aversion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellency of cinnamic acid esters to captive red-winged blackbirds. AN - 16418713; 2903142 AB - Each year, blackbirds cause millions of dollars of damage to newly planted rice in the southern United States. Currently, there is no product registered as a bird repellent rice seed treatment, so we conducted 2-cup feeding trials with individually caged male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus ) to test the repellency of methyl cinnamate and ethyl cinnamate, 2 naturally occurring esters of cinnamic acid. While ethyl cinnamate was moderately deterrent, consumption of treated rice was virtually eliminated by a 1.0% (g/g) application of methyl cinnamate. Additional effort should be given to understanding the chemical and physiological bases of repellency of feeding deterrents such as methyl cinnamate as well as to the development of these materials as bird management tools. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Avery, M L AU - Decker, D G AD - USDA/APHIS, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Florida Field Stn., 2820 E. University Ave., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 800 EP - 805 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - cinnamic acid KW - red-winged blackbirds KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - esters KW - control programs KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - captivity KW - repellency KW - D 04700:Management KW - R 18060:Others KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16418713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Repellency+of+cinnamic+acid+esters+to+captive+red-winged+blackbirds.&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BDecker%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=800&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; repellency; control programs; esters; captivity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agroclimatic zones for dryland winter wheat producing areas of Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. AN - 16416887; 2894366 AB - There is a need to develop a series of "zones" to facilitate technology transfer within the Intermountain Northwest. Six agroclimatic zones have been delineated based on three climatic and soil parameters important in growing winter wheat: soil depth, mean annual precipitation, and cumulative growing degree days from 1 January through 31 May. Thus each zone, regardless of the state in which it is located, has similar soil and climate conditions. There are uncultivated areas within each zone that are not identified but if farmed would be farmed like other parts of the same zone. The zones provide a common basis for identifying areas where successful exchange of practices, experience, and knowledge between and among producers, researchers, extension, and Soil Conservation Service personnel will most likely occur. Management decisions that produce desired results in one zone in one state will probably succeed in that same zone in any other state. Conservation practices and erosion control techniques should be similar within but not between zones. JF - Northwest Science AU - Douglas, CL Jr AU - Rickman, R W AU - Klepper, B L AU - Zuzel, J F AU - Wysocki, D J AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Columbia, OR 97801, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 26 EP - 34 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - climatic conditions KW - zonation KW - soil KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16416887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Agroclimatic+zones+for+dryland+winter+wheat+producing+areas+of+Idaho%2C+Washington%2C+and+Oregon.&rft.au=Douglas%2C+CL+Jr%3BRickman%2C+R+W%3BKlepper%2C+B+L%3BZuzel%2C+J+F%3BWysocki%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Pacific Northwest; soil; climatic conditions; zonation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of initial seed size in wheat plant response to salinity. AN - 16408564; 2891035 AB - Large initial seed size frequently confers distinct advantages on cereal crops in terms of seedling vigor, hardiness, improved stand establishment, and higher productivity. This study was conducted to determine if these advantages inherent in the plants grown from large seeds persist when the crop is subjected to salinity stress. Two hard red spring wheat cultivars, "Yecora Rojo" and "Anza" were grown in greenhouse sand cultures from seed of two size classes that differed in weight by a factor of 2. In response to both salinity and small initial seed size, the following plant characteristics decreased: leaf appearance rate, blade area, tillers per plant, spikelets per spike and seeds per spike. Plants grown from large seeds out-yielded those from small seeds by 8, 37, and 27% for Yecora Rojo and by 15, 30, and 23% for Anza at osmotic potentials of -0.05, -0.55 and -0.70 MPa, respectively. Compared to the corresponding nonsaline controls, the yield of Yecora Rojo grown at -0.55 MPa was 51% for the plants from large seed and 35% from the small seeds. For Anza salinized at -0.55 MPa, these values were 49 and 40%, respectively. Exploitation of the benefits derived from large initial seed size may be a cost-effective management strategy for improving wheat productivity in salt-affected areas. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Grieve, C M AU - Francois, LE AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 4500 Glenwood Dr., Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 197 EP - 205 VL - 147 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - salinity KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - response KW - Triticum aestivum KW - biomass KW - seeds KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16408564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+initial+seed+size+in+wheat+plant+response+to+salinity.&rft.au=Grieve%2C+C+M%3BFrancois%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Grieve&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; seeds; response; biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of the H strain of sugarcane mosaic virus among wild forms of sugarcane and relatives. AN - 16404314; 2883212 AB - One hundred and three clones of sugarcane relatives, including Saccharum interspecific hybrids, were inoculated with the strain of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) in two greenhouse experiments. Wild relatives included Erianthus spp., S. spontaneum, S. barberi/S. sinense, S. officinarum , and S. robustum . Among the six taxa represented in the first experiment, Erianthus, S. spontaneum , and S. barberi/S. sinense clones were the most resistant and S. robustum clones were the most susceptible, with the interspecific hybrid and S. officinarum clones intermediate. Clones in the second experiment, which were predominantly S. spontaneum , were assigned to one of three groups that reflected their geographic origin. The mean percent infection differed among the clones from India (6%), the Philippines (21%), and Indonesia (42%). JF - Plant Disease AU - Grisham, M P AU - Burner, D M AU - Legendre, B L AD - USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Res. Unit, Houma, LA 70361-0470, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 360 EP - 362 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - H strain KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - sugarcane mosaic virus KW - Saccharum KW - resistance KW - Erianthus KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16404314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+the+H+strain+of+sugarcane+mosaic+virus+among+wild+forms+of+sugarcane+and+relatives.&rft.au=Grisham%2C+M+P%3BBurner%2C+D+M%3BLegendre%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Grisham&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sugarcane mosaic virus; Saccharum; Erianthus; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A genotype-based system for identification and classification of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) in the aster yellows MLO strain cluster. AN - 16403256; 2890019 AB - Fifteen mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) strains from North America and Europe, including aster yellows (AY), tomato big bud (BB) clover phyllody (CPh), chrysanthemum yellows (CY), and unknown MLOs, were studied. These MLOs are among those previously identified, on the basis of dot hybridizations, as members of the AY MLO strain cluster. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses revealed that all 15 strains can be classified into three genomic types: type I (typified by eastern AY MLOs), type II (e.g., western AY and CY MLOs), and type III (e.g., CPh MLO). JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Davis, R E AU - Chen, T-A AU - Chiykowski, L N AU - Fletcher, J AU - Hiruki, C AU - Schaff, DA AD - USDA-ARS, MPPL, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 977 EP - 986 VL - 82 IS - 9 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - aster yellows KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - yellows KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - identification KW - classification KW - strains KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16403256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+genotype-based+system+for+identification+and+classification+of+mycoplasmalike+organisms+%28MLOs%29+in+the+aster+yellows+MLO+strain+cluster.&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BChen%2C+T-A%3BChiykowski%2C+L+N%3BFletcher%2C+J%3BHiruki%2C+C%3BSchaff%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycoplasma-like organisms; identification; classification; restriction fragment length polymorphism; strains; yellows ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of formic acid or formaldehyde treatment of alfalfa silage on nutrient utilization by dairy cows. AN - 16400415; 2882784 AB - Third-cutting alfalfa with 37% DM was ensiled untreated or treated with either 2.8 g of formic acid/100 g of DM or .31 g of formaldehyde/100 g of DM and fed to lactating dairy cows in two experiment. Rumen pH and concentrations of NH sub(3) and VFA were similar for all diets. Rumen escape protein, estimated using super(15) as a microbial protein marker, was increased more by formic acid than by formaldehyde treatment. In trial 1, part 2, supplementation with 4.8% fish meal increased concentration of milk protein and yields of milk, protein, lactose, and SNF. Milk urea concentration was higher on the untreated silage diet. Total tract apparent DM and N digestibilities were not affected by silage treatment, although fish meal decreased apparent DM digestibility. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Nagel, SA AU - Broderick, G A AD - ARS-USDA, U.S. Dairy Forage Res. Cent., Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 140 EP - 154 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - formic acid KW - formaldehyde KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - nutrient utilization KW - silage KW - Medicago sativa KW - A 01018:Animal foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16400415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+formic+acid+or+formaldehyde+treatment+of+alfalfa+silage+on+nutrient+utilization+by+dairy+cows.&rft.au=Nagel%2C+SA%3BBroderick%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Nagel&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; silage; nutrient utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LCOR2-spatial correlation analysis software for the personal computer. AN - 16399061; 2882646 AB - A software program for the personal computer, written in the "C" language, was developed to analyze spatial patterns of plant disease and pathogen propagules. The program was adapted from a previous mainframe version and is based on the Modjeska and Rawlings model for spatial correlation analysis of uniformity data. The mainframe program was improved by addition of degrees of freedom and significance tables to test correlation coefficients at each spatial lag position. The LCOR2 program will accommodate data files of up to 10,000 points. The LCOR2 program and user guide are available free of charge. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Richie, S M AU - Campbell, CL AD - USDA-ARS, 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 213 EP - 215 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - computer programmes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - plant diseases KW - pathogens KW - analysis KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16399061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=LCOR2-spatial+correlation+analysis+software+for+the+personal+computer.&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BRichie%2C+S+M%3BCampbell%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant diseases; analysis; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of optical brighteners as radiation protectants for gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus. AN - 16397993; 2883399 AB - Twenty-three optical brighteners were tested as radiation protectants for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). Three brighteners were ineffective (i.e., 70% original activity remained). Eight of the latter 17 brighteners (Intrawite CF, Leucophor BS, Leucophor BSB, Phorwite AR, Phorwite BRU, Phorwite BKL, Phorwite CL, and Tinopal LPW) provided complete protection (i.e., 100% original activity remaining) at a 1% concentration. At lower concentrations, Phorwite AR and Tinopal LPW were superior UV protectants. Mortality rates were also affected by several brighteners (Intrawite CF, Phorwite AR, Leucophor BS, Leucophor BSB, Tinopal LPW), and NPV-exposed insects died more quickly than those exposed to standard NPV + H sub(2)O. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AD - USDA-ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1682 EP - 1686 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lymantridae KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - radiation KW - optical properties KW - biological control KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16397993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Use+of+optical+brighteners+as+radiation+protectants+for+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radiation; biological control; optical properties; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetics of EPTC biodegradation and the effects of the inhibitor dietholate in solids. AN - 16396535; 2883608 AB - The mineralization kinetics and incorporation into microbial biomass of (N- alpha propyl- super(14)C) and (carbonyl- super(14)C)EPTS (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate) were determined in a soil with no previous use of carbamothioate herbicides, and two soils with previous exposure to the herbicide EPTC. Previous exposure to EPTC resulted in microbial adaptation to EPTC, as evidenced by increased degradation and mineralization of EPTC. Amounts of super(14)CO sub(2) evolved from (N- alpha propyl- super(14)C)EPTC in adapted soils were nearly twice that from nonadapted soil. The maximum recovery of EPTC in microbial biomass was 2.6% of added super(14)C. Dietholate (O,O-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate), which extends persistence and weed control of EPTC, appears to act by inhibiting metabolism of the carbonyl linkage of EPTC, based on (carbonyl- super(14)C)EPTC mineralization. Dietholate lost effectiveness after repeated applications with EPTC. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Moorman, T B AU - Broder, M W AU - Koskinen, W C AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 121 EP - 127 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate KW - dietholate KW - inhibition KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - kinetics KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Kinetics+of+EPTC+biodegradation+and+the+effects+of+the+inhibitor+dietholate+in+solids.&rft.au=Moorman%2C+T+B%3BBroder%2C+M+W%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Moorman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; kinetics; soil; inhibition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of growth of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae by aromatic acids and coumarins in a laboratory bioassay. AN - 16394911; 2874288 AB - Hydroxy-, dihydroxy-, trihydroxy-, methoxy-, dimethoxy-, hydroxy- + methoxy-, amino-, chloro-, and nitro-substituted benzoic, phenylacetic, phenylpropanoic, and phenylpropenoic (cinnamic) acids were evaluated for activity against the growth of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae , Races 0 and 1, in a laboratory bioassay. Several substituted coumarins were also tested. In general, for Race 0, the phenylpropenoic acids were more active (on a millimolar basis), than the corresponding benzoic, phenylacetic, or phenylpropionic acids (9 of 14 series). Among the most active acids were o-hydroxycinnamic and the chloro- and methoxycinnamic acids. The activities of unsubstituted benzoic and phenylpropionic acids were comparable to the most active compounds tested. Monohydroxyaromatic acids were more active than most dihydroxy acids of the same chain length. Dihydro-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid was slightly more active than the corresponding cinnamic acid, while the reverse was true for the mono-p-hydroxycinnamic acid versus p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Snook, ME AU - Csinos, A S AU - Chortyk, O T AD - Phytochem. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Russell Res. Cent., Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1287 EP - 1298 VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - var.nicotianae KW - coumarins KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Phytophthora parasitica KW - bioassays KW - acidity KW - aromatic compounds KW - laboratories KW - growth inhibition test KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16394911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+growth+of+Phytophthora+parasitica+var.+nicotianae+by+aromatic+acids+and+coumarins+in+a+laboratory+bioassay.&rft.au=Snook%2C+ME%3BCsinos%2C+A+S%3BChortyk%2C+O+T&rft.aulast=Snook&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora parasitica; growth inhibition test; aromatic compounds; acidity; bioassays; laboratories ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A developmental analysis of the enolase isozymes from Ricinus communis . AN - 16393202; 2886699 AB - Enolase activity was measured in clarified homogenates of various tissues during the life cycle of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L. cv Baker 296). The proportions of total activity due to the plastid and cytosolic isozymes were determined after separation by ion-exchange chromatography. The contribution of the plastid isozyme varied from more than 30% of the total at the midpoint of endosperm development to less than 1% in mature leaves and roots. During endosperm development, enolase activity increased to a peak coincident with the maximum rate of storage lipid accumulation, then decreased to nearly undetectable levels in the mature seed. Plastid enolase protein, measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, increased in parallel with the increase in activity but decreased less rapidly and was still easily detectable in mature seeds. JF - Plant Physiology AU - Miernyk, JA AU - Dennis, D T AD - Seed Biosynth. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 748 EP - 750 VL - 99 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Ricinus communis KW - development KW - endosperm KW - enolase KW - seeds KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16393202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=A+developmental+analysis+of+the+enolase+isozymes+from+Ricinus+communis+.&rft.au=Miernyk%2C+JA%3BDennis%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Miernyk&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=748&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virus diseases and stand decline in a white clover pasture. AN - 16392738; 2883905 AB - Linear regression analysis was used to characterize the incidence of virus diseases in white clover, Trifolium repens , and associated changes in the white clover population in a grazed pasture through four growing seasons. The incidence of diseases caused by clover yellow vein virus, peanut stunt virus (PSV), and white clover mosaic virus increased linearly through the life of the white clover stand, coincident with a steady decline in the white clover population. The predominant virus detected throughout the study was PSV, which occurred in 80% of the white clover plants sampled in the spring of the fourth growing season. By that time, the clover population had declined significantly, and by the following fall, the clover had virtually disappeared from the pasture. This association provided evidence that PSV may be a major factor in the lack of persistence of white clover. A potentially important source of resistance to PSV was identified in a white clover clone exhibiting hypersensitivity to mechanical inoculation of PSV. Alfalfa mosaic virus and red clover vein mosaic virus were present in infected white clover but at relatively low incidence. Luteoviruses not previously reported from white clover in the Southeast also were detected. JF - Plant Disease AU - McLaughlin, M R AU - Pederson, G A AU - Evans, R R AU - Ivy, R L AD - ARS-USDA, Crop Sci. Res. Lab., Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 158 EP - 162 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - white clover mosaic virus KW - peanut stunt virus KW - diseases KW - Trifolium repens KW - stands KW - clover yellow vein virus KW - incidence KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16392738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Virus+diseases+and+stand+decline+in+a+white+clover+pasture.&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+M+R%3BPederson%2C+G+A%3BEvans%2C+R+R%3BIvy%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clover yellow vein virus; peanut stunt virus; white clover mosaic virus; Trifolium repens; diseases; incidence; stands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of rust on sugarcane growth and biomass. AN - 16392475; 2882820 AB - The sugarcane rust pathogen, Puccinia melanocephala , caused significant growth and biomass reductions of sugarcane plants in a replicated pot study. Disease severity, estimated as the percent area infected on the top visible dewlap leaf, was 53.5% on the highly susceptible cultivar B 4362, 6.9% on the moderately susceptible cultivar CP 78-1247, and 2.3% on the resistant cultivar CP 70-1133. In contrast, the level of rust on uninoculated control plants was 1.3% for cultivar B 4362. Uninoculated control plants of the two other cultivars were free of rust. Stalk height reductions caused by rust were 32.6% in cultivar B 4362, 20.1% in cultivar CP 78-1247, and 15.1% in cultivar CP 70-1133. Wet weights were reduced by 40.9% in cultivar B 4362 and 12.3% in cultivar CP 78-1247 because of rust. Correspondingly, dry weights also were reduced in these two cultivars. Wet weight loss was not observed on the rust-resistant cultivar CP 70-1133, although its dry weight decreased by 3.1%. The experimental design allowed for detection of small yield losses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Comstock, J C AU - Shine, JM Jr AU - Raid, R N AD - ARS-USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn., Canal Point, FL 33438, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 175 EP - 177 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, Florida KW - biomass KW - Saccharum KW - rust KW - Puccinia melanocephala KW - growth KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16392475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+rust+on+sugarcane+growth+and+biomass.&rft.au=Comstock%2C+J+C%3BShine%2C+JM+Jr%3BRaid%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Comstock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia melanocephala; Saccharum; USA, Florida; rust; biomass; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of feeding varying levels of amaferm on performance of lactating dairy cows. AN - 16392077; 2882692 AB - Amaferm), a fermentation extract of Aspergillus oryzae , was fed as a top-dressing to dairy cows at 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 g/d in two lactation trials using 64 cows in 1989. Lactation trial 1 was conducted in the spring (March to May) and used 40 cows averaging 75 DIM for a 70-d treatment period. Lactation trial 2 was during the summer (June to July). Twenty-four cows averaging 140 DIM were employed in a 60-d study. Measurements included milk yield, feed intake, BW, rectal temperatures, respiration rate, and digestibility of CP, NDF, and DM. None of the levels of Amaferm had a significant effect on milk yield or composition, BW changes, or digestion coefficients in either trial. Cows fed 1.5 g/d of Amaferm had a higher DMI than those receiving 0 or 6 g in trial 1, and respiration rates were significantly higher for cows fed 3 g/d of Amaferm in trial 2. Under the conditions of this study, none of the levels of Amaferm affected the performance of lactating cows. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Denigan, ME AU - Huber, J T AU - Alhadhrami, G AU - Al-Dehner, A AD - USDA, Foreign Agric. Serv., Oilseeds and Prod. Div., 14th and Independence Ave., Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1616 EP - 1621 VL - 75 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Amaferm KW - performance KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - lactation KW - Aspergillus oryzae KW - fermentation KW - feeding KW - A 01018:Animal foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16392077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+feeding+varying+levels+of+amaferm+on+performance+of+lactating+dairy+cows.&rft.au=Denigan%2C+ME%3BHuber%2C+J+T%3BAlhadhrami%2C+G%3BAl-Dehner%2C+A&rft.aulast=Denigan&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1616&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus oryzae; feeding; lactation; fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance to foliar diseases in a collection of Triticum tauschii germ plasm. AN - 16391918; 2879342 AB - The wild diploid wheat Triticum tauschii (syn. Aegilops squarrosa ) is a valuable genetic resource for improvement of pest resistance in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum ). A collection of 219 T. tauschii accessions, obtained from Kyoto University, Japan, and representing most of the species' geographic range, was screened for reaction to four diseases: leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici ), stem rust (caused by P. graminis f. sp. triciti ), powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (syn. Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici )), and tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ). Accessions were classified by region of origin, by botanical group, and by genetic group. Genetic groups were assigned based on previously determined molecular-marker genotypes. Resistance to rusts was concentrated in accessions collected near the Caspian Sea and in those classified as subspecies strangulata . Most such accessions belonged to genetic group A. Resistance to powdery mildew and tan spot was more dispersed but more common in accessions collected from regions ranging from the Caspian Sea eastward to Pakistan. Over 30% of 108 accessions that were screened for all diseases were classified as resistant to two or more, and 12% were resistant to three or more. Because disease resistance genes can readily be transferred from T. tauschii to T. aestivum , this collection is proving very useful for wheat improvement. JF - Plant Disease AU - Cox, T S AU - Raupp, W J AU - Wilson, D L AU - Gill, B S AU - Leath, SE AU - Bockus, W W AU - Browder, LE AD - USDA-ARS and Dep. Agron., Dep. Plant Pathol., Kansas State Univ., Manthattan, KS 66506, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1061 EP - 1064 VL - 76 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - screening KW - foliar diseases KW - germplasm KW - Triticum tauschii KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16391918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+to+foliar+diseases+in+a+collection+of+Triticum+tauschii+germ+plasm.&rft.au=Cox%2C+T+S%3BRaupp%2C+W+J%3BWilson%2C+D+L%3BGill%2C+B+S%3BLeath%2C+SE%3BBockus%2C+W+W%3BBrowder%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1061&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; screening; germplasm; foliar diseases; Triticum tauschii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization of a surface domain of the capsid protein of barley yellow dwarf virus. AN - 16390600; 2882369 AB - We describe a method for localizing protein domains situated at the surface of virus particles. A cDNA clone of the New York PAV isolate (NY-PAV) of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) containing the capsid protein gene was generated and sequenced. A defined set of overlapping cDNA fragments specific to the capsid protein ORF of NY-PAV was subcloned into the pGEX expression vectors. Cells of Escherichia coli carrying these plasmids synthesize recombinant glutathione S-transferase/capsid proteins. These proteins were used in immunoblot experiments to localize the epitopes of three PAV-BYDV-directed monoclonal antibodies to a 20 amino acid-long segment of the NY-PAV capsid protein. All three monoclonal antibodies reacted with NY-PAV virions in a triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicating that their epitopes are located at the virion surface. JF - Virology AU - Rizzo, T M AU - Gray, S M AD - ARS-USDA, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 300 EP - 302 VL - 186 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - barley yellow dwarf virus KW - capsid protein KW - domains KW - localization KW - surface KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22032:Viral proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16390600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Localization+of+a+surface+domain+of+the+capsid+protein+of+barley+yellow+dwarf+virus.&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+T+M%3BGray%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Rizzo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - capsid protein; localization; domains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of the structural and nonstructural proteins of African horsesickness virus and determination of the genome coding assignments. AN - 16390205; 2882187 AB - Proteins present in purified African horsesickness virus (AHSV) and in infected cells were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twelve viral proteins were identified, one minor and four major structural proteins, three major and two minor nonstructural proteins, as well as variable amounts of two additional structural proteins. Cell-free translation of total AHS virion RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte system resulted in the synthesis of proteins which were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those found in infected cells. The in vivo and in vitro synthesized proteins were viral specific as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. The coding assignments of all the purified genome segments were determined by in vitro translation and confirmed by immunoprecipitation. JF - Virology AU - Grubman, MJ AU - Lewis, SA AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 444 EP - 451 VL - 186 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - African horsesickness virus KW - characterization KW - identification KW - nonstructural proteins KW - structural proteins KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22032:Viral proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16390205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+the+structural+and+nonstructural+proteins+of+African+horsesickness+virus+and+determination+of+the+genome+coding+assignments.&rft.au=Grubman%2C+MJ%3BLewis%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Grubman&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - structural proteins; identification; characterization; nonstructural proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detoxification of sesquiterpene phytoalexins by Gibberella pulicaris (Fusarium sambucinum) and its importance for virulence on potato tubers. AN - 16388570; 16591 AB - Gibberella pulicaris (Fusorium sambucinum) is a major cause of dry-rot of stored potatoes (Solanum tuberasum) worldwide. The ability of field strains of G. pulicaris to cause dry-rot is correlated with their ability to detoxify sesquiterpene phytoalexins produced by potato. All highly virulent field strains can detoxify the sesquiterpenes rishitin and lubimin. Meiotic recombinational analysis indicates that rishitin detoxification can be controlled at two or more loci. High virulence has been associated with one of these loci, designated Rinl. Detoxification of rishitin and lubimin comprises a complex pattern of reactions involving epoxidation, dehydrogenation, and cyclization. To date, seven lubimin metabolites and one rishitin metabolite have been characterized. Genes for rishitin and lubimin detoxification are being cloned from G. pulicaris in order to more rigorously analyze the role and regulation of sesquiterpene metabolism in potato dry-rot. Our results indirectly support a role for sesquiterpene phytoalexins in resistance of potato tubers to dry-rot and may enhance research on alternative control strategies for this economically important potato disease. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Desjardins, Anne E AU - Gardner, Harold W AU - Weltring, Klaus-M AD - USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 201 EP - 211 VL - 9 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - Epoxidation KW - Fusarium sambucinum KW - Gibberella pulicaris KW - Lubimin KW - Potato tubers KW - Rishitin KW - Sesquiterpene phytoalexins KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Microorganisms KW - Dehydrogenation KW - Metabolites KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16388570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Detoxification+of+sesquiterpene+phytoalexins+by+Gibberella+pulicaris+%28Fusarium+sambucinum%29+and+its+importance+for+virulence+on+potato+tubers.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+Anne+E%3BGardner%2C+Harold+W%3BWeltring%2C+Klaus-M&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydrocarbons; Dehydrogenation; Microorganisms; Metabolites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Making transgenic livestock: Genetic engineering on a large scale. AN - 16388433; 2876447 AB - The general strategy for producing transgenic livestock and mice is similar. In addition to the obvious difference in scale between mice and livestock experiments, there are noteworthy of obstacles that significantly reduce the efficiency of producing transgenic livestock. The full potential of the transgenic livestock system will not be fully realized until: 1) gene constructs can be designed that function in a reproducible, predictable manner; and 2) the genetic control of physiological processes are more clearly elucidated. JF - Journal of Cellular Biochemistry AU - Wall, R J AU - Hawk, H W AU - Nel, Neil AD - Gene Eval. and Mapping Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 113 EP - 120 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0730-2312, 0730-2312 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - genetic engineering KW - gene transfer KW - Animalia KW - transgenic KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16388433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Making+transgenic+livestock%3A+Genetic+engineering+on+a+large+scale.&rft.au=Wall%2C+R+J%3BHawk%2C+H+W%3BNel%2C+Neil&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=07302312&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; gene transfer; transgenic; Animalia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of common and dwarf bunt teliospores and intact sori after fumigation of high and low moisture content winter wheat. AN - 16387394; 2879306 AB - Teliospores and sori of Tilletia tritici and T. controversa were mixed with wheat seed (cvs. Daws and Itana) and fumigated with methyl bromide. The fumigant was applied one to four times at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. After fumigation, teliospore germination and wheat seed germination were determined. Applications of methyl bromide (240 g/m super(3) for 24 hr) at atmospheric pressure repeated four times prevented teliospore germination of T. controversia) in low moisture content wheat seed (10.2% moisture). Sori did not influence the sensitivity of teliospores to methyl bromide. Teliospores infesting moist wheat (14.7% moisture) were about six times more sensitive to methyl bromide fumigation than those in low moisture content wheat seed (10.2-12.4% moisture). T. tritici was more sensitive to all of the fumigants than was T. controversa . Fumigant doses that reduced teliospore germination were high and caused a marked reduction in wheat seed germination. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Hartsell, P L AU - Denis-Arrue, R AU - Henson, D J AU - McKinney, J D AU - Tebbets, J C AU - Goates, B J AD - ARS-USDA, Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 293 EP - 296 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - methyl bromide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum KW - fumigation KW - Tilletia KW - sori KW - teliospores KW - survival KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16387394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Survival+of+common+and+dwarf+bunt+teliospores+and+intact+sori+after+fumigation+of+high+and+low+moisture+content+winter+wheat.&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BHartsell%2C+P+L%3BDenis-Arrue%2C+R%3BHenson%2C+D+J%3BMcKinney%2C+J+D%3BTebbets%2C+J+C%3BGoates%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tilletia; Triticum; teliospores; sori; survival; fumigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of green mold of lemons with Pseudomonas species. AN - 16387142; 2882612 AB - Applications of Pseudomonas cepacia reduced postharvest green mold (Penicillium digitatum ) by more than 80% in lemon fruit (Citrus limon ) compared with controls. The bacterium grew rapidly in wounds and caused no visible injury to the fruit. Decay was controlled if P. cepacia was applied within 12 hr or less after inoculation. The fungicides imazalil and thiabendazole were better eradicants; they were effective when applied 24 hr after inoculation. Other pseudomonads were not as effective as P. cepacia . Inhibition of fungal growth in vitro by P. cepacia reportedly is caused by the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin. Spores of P. digitatum did not germinate in potato-dextrose broth amended with 0.1 mu g/ml pyrrolnitrin. However, decay caused by pyrrolnitrin-resistant mutants of P. digitatum , which could germinate in pyrrolnitrin at 60 mu g/ml, was controlled by P. cepacia . Washed, viable cells of P. cepacia and P. corrugata reduced decay whereas cell-free culture fluids did not, P. fluorescens did not inhibit P. digitatum growth in vitro yet it reduced decay by about 70%. Antibiotics may not comprise the entire mode of action of pseudomonads on citrus. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Denis-Arrue, R AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 481 EP - 485 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biological control KW - green mold KW - Citrus limon KW - Penicillium digitatum KW - Pseudomonas KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16387142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Control+of+green+mold+of+lemons+with+Pseudomonas+species.&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BDenis-Arrue%2C+R&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; green mold; Citrus limon; Penicillium digitatum; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium treatment of apples and potatoes to reduce postharvest decay. AN - 16386309; 2879323 JF - Plant Disease AU - Conway, W S AU - Sams, CE AU - McGuire, R G AU - Kelman, A AD - USDA-ARS, Horticult. Crops Qual. Lab., Build. 002, Rm. 113, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 329 EP - 334 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - calcium KW - postharvest decay KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - treatment KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Malus domestica KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16386309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Calcium+treatment+of+apples+and+potatoes+to+reduce+postharvest+decay.&rft.au=Conway%2C+W+S%3BSams%2C+CE%3BMcGuire%2C+R+G%3BKelman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Solanum tuberosum; treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize ear damage by insects in relation to genotype and aflatoxin contamination in preharvest maize grain. AN - 16386098; 2873217 AB - Aflatoxin contamination in preharvest maize, Zea mays L., grain is a serious problem in the United States, especially in the southeastern production areas. Development of genotypes with resistance to ear-infesting insects, resistance of Aspergillus spp., and resistance to production of aflatoxin are maize-breeding objectives. Two cultivars, Mo20W x Teosinte and "Ibadan B', have been identified as having resistance to ear-infesting insects when compared with the widely grown check hybrid B73 x Mo17. Although it was not determined if there was resistance to growth of Aspergillus flavus , (link ex Fries) or aflatoxin production per se, it was confirmed that these two cultivars produced less aflatoxin in preharvest grain that B73 x Mo17. Also, Mo20W x Teosinte tended to have less aflatoxin than "Ibadan B". JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Barry, D AU - Widstrom, N W AU - Darrah, L L AU - McMillian, W W AU - Riley, T J AU - Scott, GE AU - Lillehoj, E B AD - USDA-ARS and Plant Sci. Unit, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2492 EP - 2495 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Zea mays KW - Insecta KW - damage KW - aflatoxins KW - harvesting KW - grain KW - genotypes KW - pest attack KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16386098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Maize+ear+damage+by+insects+in+relation+to+genotype+and+aflatoxin+contamination+in+preharvest+maize+grain.&rft.au=Barry%2C+D%3BWidstrom%2C+N+W%3BDarrah%2C+L+L%3BMcMillian%2C+W+W%3BRiley%2C+T+J%3BScott%2C+GE%3BLillehoj%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Aspergillus flavus; Insecta; damage; pest attack; genotypes; harvesting; grain; aflatoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of long-term ozone exposure and drought on the photosynthetic capacity of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.). AN - 16385666; 2872259 AB - Seedlings of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were grown for three years under three atmospheric ozone concentrations - clean air (CF), ambient ozone (NF), and 1.5 times ambient ozone (NF150) - at a moderately-polluted site in the Sierra Nevada, under either well-watered or drought-stressed conditions. Current-year needles of NF150 trees had higher photosynthetic capacity than NF and CF trees during late summer, an effect due to greatly enhanced photosynthesis in well-watered plants that had lost older needles as a result of ozone damage. This photosynthetic compensation in well-watered NF150 seedlings was related to higher tissue nitrogen concentration in the current-year foliage and possibly to increased inorganic phosphate cycling, both responses to the loss of older needles. Drought-stressed NF150 seedling were partially protected from ozone damage by decreased stomatal conductance and did not exhibit the same degree of photosynthetic compensation. No differences in photosynthetic rate were found between CF and NF seedlings or between well-watered and drought-stressed seedling (across ozone treatments) in any needle age class. JF - New Phytologist AU - Beyers, J L AU - Riechers, G H AU - Temple, P J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Fire Lab., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 81 EP - 90 VL - 122 IS - 1 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - environmental changes KW - ozone KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - droughts KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - air pollution KW - pollution effects KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16385666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Effects+of+long-term+ozone+exposure+and+drought+on+the+photosynthetic+capacity+of+ponderosa+pine+%28Pinus+ponderosa+Laws.%29.&rft.au=Beyers%2C+J+L%3BRiechers%2C+G+H%3BTemple%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Beyers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; air pollution; droughts; photosynthesis; pollution effects; ozone; environmental changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Sorghum seedling reactions to Sporisorium reilianum in relation to Sorghum head smut resistance classes. AN - 16385487; 2879736 AB - Seedlings of Sorghum genotypes resistant and susceptible to Sporisorium reilianum were grown in peat pellets and inoculated by infesting vermiculite surrounding seedling epicotyls with 7- to 10-day-old teliospore cultures. Four days after inoculation, the seedlings were removed from the pellets, placed in test tubes containing water deep enough to completely submerge the first leaf, and incubated in darkness at 24 degree C for 5 days. After incubation, symptoms on the first leaf blade differentiated susceptible and resistant genotypes. Symptoms on the first leaf blades of susceptible genotypes were general chlorosis and brown spots. Leaf symptoms of resistant genotypes consisted of interveinal chlorosis and an absence of brown spots on the leaf blade. The inoculation and incubation procedures described in this study will identify types of head smut resistance that prevent the pathogen from reaching the apical meristem of the Sorghum plant. This type of resistance appears to be effective against the variability in virulent biotypes of S. reilianum that has overcome the race-specific head smut resistance factors deployed in the past. JF - Plant Disease AU - Craig, J AU - Frederiksen, R A AD - ARS-USDA, College Station, TX 77843, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 314 EP - 318 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - reaction KW - Sporisorium reilianum KW - smut KW - seedlings KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - infection KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16385487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Sorghum+seedling+reactions+to+Sporisorium+reilianum+in+relation+to+Sorghum+head+smut+resistance+classes.&rft.au=Craig%2C+J%3BFrederiksen%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sporisorium reilianum; Sorghum bicolor; infection; reaction; seedlings; smut; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rhizoctonia solani on white lupine. AN - 16384779; 2879330 AB - Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5 (AG-5) was identified as a major pathogen of white lupine (Lupinus albus ). The symptoms observed included reduced nodulation, seed rot, stem nipping, stem lesions, reduced root growth, and apical bud mortality. Terminal bud mortality has not been previously described on lupine. Strains of AG-5 hypovirulent on potato are nearly nonpathogenic on lupine. Strains of AG-1 and AG-4 also infected lupine but produced only very small stem lesions. Strains of AG-2 and AG-3 did not infect lupine. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leach, S S AU - Clapham, WM AD - ARS-USDA, N.E. Plant, Soil and Water Lab., Orono, ME 04469, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 417 EP - 419 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - infection KW - USA, Maine KW - pathogens KW - Lupinus albus KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16384779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Rhizoctonia+solani+on+white+lupine.&rft.au=Leach%2C+S+S%3BClapham%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; Lupinus albus; USA, Maine; infection; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of lignin-degrading fungi in the disposal of pentachlorophenol-treated wood. AN - 16382631; 16589 AB - The lignin-degrading fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium. P. sordida, Trametes hirsuta, and Ceriporlopsis subvermispora were evaluated for their ability to decrease the concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and to cause dry weight loss in PCP-treated wood. Hardwood and softwood materials from PCP-treated ammunition boxes that were chipped to pass a 3.8-cm screen were used. All four fungi caused significant weight losses and decreases in the PCP concentration. The largest PCP decrease (84% in 4 weeks) was caused by T. hirsula, and the smallest decrease was caused by C. subvermispora (37%, in 4 weeks). After 4 weeks the fate of spiked super(14)C(PCP) in softwood chips inoculated with T. hirsula was as follows: 27% was mineralized, 42.5% was non-extractable and bound to the chips. 23.5% was associated with fungal hyphe, and 6% was organic-extractable. Decreases of PCP by P. chrysosporium and P. sardida averaged 59% and 57% respectively. PCP decreases caused by Phanerochaete spp. were not significantly affected by wood type or sterillization and were primarily due to methylation of PCP that resulted in accumulation of pentachloroanisole. Softwood weight losses caused by T. hirsula, P. chrysosporium and C. subvermispora were respectively. 24, 6.5, and 17% after 4 weeks. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Lamar, Richard T AU - Dietrich, Diane M AD - USDA, Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 181 EP - 191 VL - 9 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - Hardwood KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Phanerochaete sordida KW - Phenols KW - Softwood KW - Trametes hirsuta KW - Wood wastes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Biotechnology KW - W4 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16382631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Use+of+lignin-degrading+fungi+in+the+disposal+of+pentachlorophenol-treated+wood.&rft.au=Lamar%2C+Richard+T%3BDietrich%2C+Diane+M&rft.aulast=Lamar&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Biotechnology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of soybean genotype on rate of seed maturation and its impact on seedborne fungi. AN - 16381366; 2879028 AB - Soybean (Glycine max ) maturation rate, measured as the length or duration of late-season growth stage intervals and rate of moisture loss, was studied in a diverse group of soybean genotypes (plant introductions and adapted cultivars) to determine the role of plant and seed dry down on Phomopsis spp. and Cercospora kikuchii . A modified scale for late-season growth stages was developed and used to identify pod and seed maturation intervals after physiological maturity (R7 sub(1), R7 sub(2), and R7 sub(3), identified by 1, 25, and 50% of all pods with mature pod color, respectively). Length of the R7 sub(1)-R8 period during major pod and seed dry down was associated consistently with the incidence of seed infection. Among genotypes with near-identical maturities, soybeans resistant to seedborne diseases had shorter R7 sub(1)-R8 intervals and a greater rate of moisture loss than susceptible soybeans. JF - Plant Disease AU - Ploper, L D AU - Abney, T S AU - Roy, K W AD - ARS-USDA, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 287 EP - 292 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Cercospora kikuchii KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - infection KW - genotypes KW - Glycine max KW - Phomopsis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16381366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Influence+of+soybean+genotype+on+rate+of+seed+maturation+and+its+impact+on+seedborne+fungi.&rft.au=Ploper%2C+L+D%3BAbney%2C+T+S%3BRoy%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Ploper&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Phomopsis; genotypes; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of resistance to stem rust in perennial ryegrass grown in controlled and field conditions. AN - 16381225; 2878934 AB - Six cultivars of perennial ryegrass were evaluated for reaction to Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola in controlled conditions when plants were 8 or 14 wk old and in the field as mature plants. Plants in controlled conditions were rated for rust infection type (0-4 scale) after inoculation with urediniospores, and an average stem rust infection index (ASRII) was used to compare cultivars. Plants in the field were assessed for percent incidence of infection and severity (percent modified Cobb scale). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was used to compare cultivars. Eight-week-old plants of Birdie II and Linn were significantly more resistant to stem rust than were Ovation, Delray, Palmer, and Yorktown II. ASRII were smaller for 14-wk-old plants than for 8-wk-old plants, but cultivars retained the same ranking for infection type. Field assessments of AUDPC showed Birdie II to be the most resistant. Linn was found to be intermediate, followed by Ovation, Yorktown II, Palmer, and Delray. Birdie II and Linn were slow-rusting cultivars. JF - Plant Disease AU - Welty, R E AU - Barker, R E AD - ARS-USDA, Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-7102, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 637 EP - 641 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - stem rust KW - Puccinia graminis KW - Lolium perenne KW - resistance KW - USA, Oregon KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16381225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+resistance+to+stem+rust+in+perennial+ryegrass+grown+in+controlled+and+field+conditions.&rft.au=Welty%2C+R+E%3BBarker%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Welty&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lolium perenne; Puccinia graminis; USA, Oregon; stem rust; resistance; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen, Xanthomonas albilineans , using tissue blot immunoassay, ELISA, and isolation techniques. AN - 16379438; 2862044 AB - Tissue blot immunoassay, ELISA, and isolation techniques were compared for detection of Xanthomonas albilineans in sugarcane tissues at different positions along the stalk. X. albilineans was detected in the highest frequency in samples from mature plants at the internode superior to 62.5% of the total internodes. This tissue position had the highest frequency of detection and the highest optical density readings with ELISA for both symptomatic and asymptomatic stalks. The number of infected vascular bundles was highest in samples taken from the upper half of symptomatic stalks. The frequency of detection from symptomatic stalks was 67.0, 90.4, and 98.9% for isolation, ELISA, and tissue blot immunoassay techniques, respectively. X. albilineans was detected by the same three techniques, respectively, in 26.6, 6.3, and 16.2% of the asymptomatic stalks taken from the same plots. JF - Plant Disease AU - Comstock, J C AU - Irey AD - USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn., Canal Point, FL 33438, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1033 EP - 1035 VL - 76 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cell culture KW - scald KW - detection KW - vascular system KW - Saccharum KW - isolation KW - immunoblotting KW - Xanthomonas albilineans KW - stalks KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16379438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Detection+of+the+sugarcane+leaf+scald+pathogen%2C+Xanthomonas+albilineans+%2C+using+tissue+blot+immunoassay%2C+ELISA%2C+and+isolation+techniques.&rft.au=Comstock%2C+J+C%3BIrey&rft.aulast=Comstock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1033&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; scald; vascular system; detection; isolation; immunoblotting; stalks; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Saccharum; Xanthomonas albilineans ER - TY - CONF T1 - Data visualizaiton in the Soil Conservation Service. AN - 16378960; 2863856 AB - Since its inception, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) has been responsible for leadership in the conservation, development and productive use of the Nation's soil, water, and related resources. To provide this leadership, it has been necessary to develop robust computer applications for natural resource-management activities. These applications have primarily been text based. The agency is slowly moving toward graphical based systems to depict natural resources visually. This paper discusses both the present situation and the future needs of data visualization in SCS. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Wells, G AU - Rudnick, T AU - Miyoshi, D Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 333 EP - 335 VL - 21 IS - 4 KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - computer programmes KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - USA KW - environment management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16378960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Data+visualizaiton+in+the+Soil+Conservation+Service.&rft.au=Wells%2C+G%3BRudnick%2C+T%3BMiyoshi%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A clone of the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia ) as a vector of the barley yellow dwarf, barley stripe mosaic, and brome mosaic viruses. AN - 16378829; 2866435 AB - When Diuraphis noxia were given acquisition access feedings on plants infected with single isolates of the five strains of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and then confined on oats or barley test plants for inoculation, none of 643 plants became infected. When D. noxia were placed on barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-infected plants and subsequently confined on barley test seedlings, none of 165 plants became infected. Only three of 302 barley seedlings developed symptoms typical of brome mosaic virus (BMV) infection following inoculation access feedings by aphids previously fed on BMV-infected sources. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed 19 of these plants were positive for BMV, suggesting symptomless infections. JF - Plant Disease AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Gildow, F E AU - Hewings, AD AU - Carroll, T W AD - Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res., USDA-ARS, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1155 EP - 1160 VL - 76 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aphididae KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - barley yellow dwarf virus KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - disease transmission KW - vectors KW - barley stripe mosaic virus KW - Avena sativa KW - Homoptera KW - brome mosaic virus KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16378829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+clone+of+the+Russian+wheat+aphid+%28Diuraphis+noxia+%29+as+a+vector+of+the+barley+yellow+dwarf%2C+barley+stripe+mosaic%2C+and+brome+mosaic+viruses.&rft.au=Damsteegt%2C+V+D%3BGildow%2C+F+E%3BHewings%2C+AD%3BCarroll%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Damsteegt&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - barley yellow dwarf virus; barley stripe mosaic virus; brome mosaic virus; Diuraphis noxia; Hordeum vulgare; Avena sativa; Aphididae; Homoptera; disease transmission; vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungi associated with the seeds of commercial lentils from the U.S. Pacific Northwest. AN - 16377555; 2879016 AB - Seeds of commercial lentils (Lens culinaris ) from the Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho were sampled for pathogenic seedborne fungi during 1982-1985. Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella, Rhizoctonia solani , and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were isolated. B. cinerea and P. m. pinodella were isolated most frequently. B. cinerea was isolated from 55 and 90% of the samples and 2.2 and 8.3% of the seeds within samples in 1982 and 1983, respectively. The incidence of pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi in commercial lentil seed from the Palouse region varied greatly from year to year. The highest incidence occurred in 1983, when the quality of some lentil seed was reduced because of discoloration of the seeds. Several pathogenic fungi, particularly B. cinerea , were frequently isolated from the discolored seeds. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaiser, W J AD - ARS-USDA, West. Reg. Plant Introduction Stn., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 605 EP - 610 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, Northwest KW - fungi KW - isolation KW - Lens culinaris KW - seeds KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16377555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Fungi+associated+with+the+seeds+of+commercial+lentils+from+the+U.S.+Pacific+Northwest.&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lens culinaris; USA, Northwest; fungi; isolation; seeds ER - TY - CONF T1 - Forest visual resources and pest management: Potential applications of visualization technology. AN - 16377343; 2863810 AB - Visualization technology allows us to picture, model and project over several years the effects of pest outbreaks and management activities on visual resources. The capability to visualize different potential future forest conditions can help resource managers plan projects, envision long-term ramifications, and interact with the public, and can facilitate research on human perception and recreational behavior. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Lynch, A M AU - Twery, MJ Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 319 EP - 321 VL - 21 IS - 4 KW - computer programmes KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - pest control KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16377343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Forest+visual+resources+and+pest+management%3A+Potential+applications+of+visualization+technology.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+A+M%3BTwery%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect fungal symbionts. A promising source of detoxifying enzymes. AN - 16375425; 16586 AB - Many species of insects cultivate, inoculate, or contain symbiotic fungi. Insects feed on plant materials that contain plant-produced defensive toxins, or are exposed to insecticides or other pesticides when they become economically important pests. Therefore it is likely that the symbiotic fungi are also exposed to these toxins and may actually contribute to detoxification of these compounds. Fungi associated with bark beetles, ambrosia beetles, termites, leaf-cutting ants, long-horned beetles, wood wasps, and drug store beetles can variously metabolize/detoxify tannins, lignins, terpenes, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and other toxins. The fungi (Attamyces) cultivated by the ants and the yeast (Symbiotaphrina) contained in the cigarette beetle gut appear to have broad-spectrum detoxifying abilities. The present limiting factor for using many of these fungi for large scale detoxification of, for example, contaminated soil or agricultural commodities is their slow growth rate, but conventional strain selection techniques or biotechnological approaches should overcome this problem. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Dowd, Patrick F AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 149 EP - 161 VL - 9 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Ants KW - Bark beetles KW - Detoxification KW - Homoptera KW - Insect fungal symbionts KW - Termites KW - Wood wasps KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Decontamination KW - Enzymes KW - Biotechnology KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16375425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Insect+fungal+symbionts.+A+promising+source+of+detoxifying+enzymes.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+Patrick+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enzymes; Decontamination; Biotechnology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasmid-based hybridization probes for detection and identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri . AN - 16375039; 2862395 AB - Two hybridization probes were developed from plasmid DNA of pathotype A strain XC62 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri . Plasmid pFL62.42 was constructed by cloning a 4.2-kb BamHI fragment of an indigenous plasmid of strain XC62 in the vector pUC9. plasmid pFL1 contains an internal 700-Bp EcoRI fragment from pFL62.42; this fragment was also cloned in the vector pUC9. The plasmid probes were highly specific for X. c. citri . Both plasmids hybridized with DNA purified from 44 pathotype A strains of X. c. citri , which had been isolated from diseased Citrus spp. in 15 countries. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hartung, J S AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Sci. Inst., Fruit Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 889 EP - 893 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pv.citri KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Citrus KW - detection KW - canker KW - hybridization analysis KW - DNA KW - diagnosis KW - plasmids KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - probes KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - J 02705:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16375039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Plasmid-based+hybridization+probes+for+detection+and+identification+of+Xanthomonas+campestris+pv.+citri+.&rft.au=Hartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Hartung&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=889&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; canker; hybridization analysis; diagnosis; DNA; plasmids; probes; Citrus; Xanthomonas campestris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproduction of four races of Meloidogyne incognita on Hibiscus cannabinus . AN - 16374203; 2864786 AB - The feasibility of cultivation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus ) in the United States is receiving a multifaceted evaluation. Among the factors being evaluated is kenaf's susceptibility to nematodes. In this investigation, four races of Meloidogyne incognita reproduced extensively on each of the several kenaf genotypes examined in greenhouse tests. Some genotypes of kenaf, however, demonstrated limited resistance to certain races of M. incognita . JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Veech, JA AD - Nematol. Invest., Cotton Pathol. Res., USDA ARS, Southern Crops Res. Lab., Rural Rue 5, Box 805, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 717 EP - 721 VL - 24 IS - 4 supl. SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - pest resistance KW - Hibiscus cannabinus KW - host selection KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16374203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Reproduction+of+four+races+of+Meloidogyne+incognita+on+Hibiscus+cannabinus+.&rft.au=Veech%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Veech&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4+supl.&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hibiscus cannabinus; Meloidogyne incognita; host selection; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of forced, hot-air treatment of papaya fruit on fruit quality and incidence of postharvest diseases. AN - 16373966; 2863518 AB - Forced, hot-air (48.5 C for 3-4 hr) treatment of papaya fruit (Carica papaya ), a recently developed quarantine treatment for fruit flies, did not significant reduce incidences of postharvest diseases when compared with fungicide or hot-water treatments. However, when hot-air treatment was combined with thiabendazole (TBZ) (4 g a.i./L) application or hot-water immersion (49 C for 20 min), the incidence of most postharvest diseases was reduced. Although disease incidences (lack of surface ripening) along with pitting and scalding symptoms significantly (P < 0.01) increased when hot-water preceded hot-air treatment, but these symptoms did not occur when hot-air preceded hot-water treatment. JF - Plant Disease AU - Nishijima, KA AU - Miura, C K AU - Armstrong, J W AU - Brown, SAHu BKS AD - USDA-ARS, Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 723 EP - 727 VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - hot air KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Carica papaya KW - fruits KW - heat treatments KW - fungi KW - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KW - Botryodiplodia theobromae KW - post-harvest decay KW - air KW - Mycosphaerella KW - incidence KW - Phomopsis KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16373966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+forced%2C+hot-air+treatment+of+papaya+fruit+on+fruit+quality+and+incidence+of+postharvest+diseases.&rft.au=Nishijima%2C+KA%3BMiura%2C+C+K%3BArmstrong%2C+J+W%3BBrown%2C+SAHu+BKS&rft.aulast=Nishijima&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carica papaya; Phomopsis; Botryodiplodia theobromae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Mycosphaerella; fruits; post-harvest decay; fungi; incidence; heat treatments; air ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of Lathyrus species and accessions to the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla . AN - 16372053; 2864997 AB - The leguminous plant genus Lathyrus contains many species useful for soil conservation and reclamation. Some of these species may also have value in the United States for forage production. The extent of genetic variation among Lathyrus populations in reaction to most disease pathogens is not known. We examined 28 USDA Agricultural Research Service Plant Introduction accessions representing 16 Lathyrus species for their ability to tolerate attack by the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla . There were differences in the percentage of root tissue galled and in the nematode reproductive index among species and among accessions within species. Root biomass of infected plants was significantly less than that of uninfected plants of the same accession. Accessions of L. ochrus and L. tingitanus were susceptible to M. hapla , whereas L. latifolius, L. sylvestris , and L. hirsutus were resistant. The variation among Lathyrus spp. in root galling and reproductive indices of M. hapla warrant the inclusion of these traits in Lathyrus breeding programs. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Rumbaugh, MD AU - Griffin, G D AD - USDA ARS, Forage and Range Res. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 729 EP - 734 VL - 24 IS - 4 supl. SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - pest resistance KW - Lathyrus KW - Meloidogyne hapla KW - pathogenicity KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16372053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+Lathyrus+species+and+accessions+to+the+northern+root-knot+nematode%2C+Meloidogyne+hapla+.&rft.au=Rumbaugh%2C+MD%3BGriffin%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Rumbaugh&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4+supl.&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lathyrus; Meloidogyne hapla; pest resistance; pathogenicity ER - TY - CONF T1 - Future for visualization through the integrated forest resource management system (INFORMS). AN - 16371150; 2863675 AB - Graphic and visual representation tools have always played a central role in environmental management and planning. It is difficult to imagine any significant natural resource management activity that does not rely to some extent on visual representations. Environmental managers are being exposed to technical advances in the areas of remote sensing, computer mapping, geographic information systems and quantitative modeling. As these tools have increased in sophistication, there is a commensurate need for improved data visualization tools, perhaps explaining why computer graphics is one of the most rapidly advancing of all computer technologies. It should be no surprise that resource managers are in a quandary as to how to manage these tools effectively. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - White, W B Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 277 EP - 279 VL - 21 IS - 4 KW - computer programmes KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16371150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Future+for+visualization+through+the+integrated+forest+resource+management+system+%28INFORMS%29.&rft.au=White%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host effect on selection of virulence factors affecting sporulation by Pseudoperonospora cubensis . AN - 16370496; 2862414 AB - Subpopulations of an isolate of Pseudoperonospora cubensis pathotype 5, which is virulent to both squash (Cucurbita pepo ) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo ), were maintained on each host for 18 generations. After each generation, each subpopulation was inoculated to both squash and muskmelon, and the subsequent sporulation rate on each host was monitored as an indicator of virulence. The subpopulation maintained on muskmelon showed a 99.7% reduction in sporulation rate on squash and a 226.1% increase in sporulation rate on muskmelon from generations five through 18. Sporulation on squash in this subpopulation returned to the original level after two generations of continuous culture on that host. JF - Plant Disease AU - Thomas, CE AU - Jourdain, EL AD - USDA/ARS, U.S. Vegetable Lab., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 905 EP - 907 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pathotypes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cucumis melo KW - Pseudoperonospora cubensis KW - Cucurbita pepo KW - sporulation KW - downy mildew KW - virulence KW - host specificity KW - races KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16370496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Host+effect+on+selection+of+virulence+factors+affecting+sporulation+by+Pseudoperonospora+cubensis+.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+CE%3BJourdain%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Cucurbita pepo; Cucumis melo; sporulation; races; host specificity; virulence; downy mildew ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purine biosynthetic genes are required for cadmium tolerance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe . AN - 16370004; 2855684 AB - Phytochelatins (PCs) are metal-chelating peptides produced in plants and some fungi in response to heavy metal exposure. A Cd-sensitive mutant of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , defective in production of a PC-Cd-sulfide complex essential for metal tolerance, was found to harbor mutations in specific genes of the purine biosynthetic pathway. Genetic analysis of the link between metal complex accumulation and purine biosynthesis enzymes revealed that genetic lesions blocking two segments of the pathway, before and after the IMP branchpoint, are required to produce the Cd-sensitive phenotype. The biochemical functions of these two segments of the pathway are similar, and a model based on the alternate use of a sulfur analog substrate is presented. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biology AU - Speiser, D M AU - Ortiz, D F AU - Kreppel, L AU - Scheel, G AU - McDonald, G AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Cent., USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 5301 EP - 5310 VL - 12 IS - 12 SN - 0270-7306, 0270-7306 KW - Schizosaccharomyces pombe KW - amino acid sequence KW - cDNA KW - cadmium KW - gene products KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - purines KW - synthesis KW - tolerance KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16370004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.atitle=Purine+biosynthetic+genes+are+required+for+cadmium+tolerance+in+Schizosaccharomyces+pombe+.&rft.au=Speiser%2C+D+M%3BOrtiz%2C+D+F%3BKreppel%2C+L%3BScheel%2C+G%3BMcDonald%2C+G%3BOw%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Speiser&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.issn=02707306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; cDNA; amino acid sequence; genes; tolerance; synthesis; gene products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population dynamics and growth patterns for a cohort of northern red oak (Quercus rubra ) seedlings. AN - 16366664; 2852291 AB - I studied the survival and development of a 1986 cohort of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings growing under a variety of overstory and microsite conditions in a northern hardwood forest dominated by northern red maple (Acer rubrum L.) paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and scattered white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Fifty naturally regenerating seedlings of oak were randomly selected in each of three canopy classes: no overstory, partial overstory, and complete overstory. Growth and mortality were measured for six years. Seedling height growth decreased with overstory density, with less growth evident with even a partial overstory. Seedling survival also declined with overstory density and depended on microtopography to a lesser extent. After six years, 92% of the seedlings survived in the open, compared to 54% under the partial overstory, and 36% under the complete overstory. The open environment, in which woody and herbaceous regrowth formed a low canopy reducing light intensities to about 50% of full sunlight, provided a favorable site for the growth and survival of northern red oak. JF - Oecologia AU - Crow, T R AD - USDA-Forest Serv., North Central Forest Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 898, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 192 EP - 200 VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - growth patterns KW - Quercus rubra KW - survival KW - population dynamics KW - seedlings KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16366664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Population+dynamics+and+growth+patterns+for+a+cohort+of+northern+red+oak+%28Quercus+rubra+%29+seedlings.&rft.au=Crow%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus rubra; population dynamics; growth patterns; survival; seedlings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus serotypes in herbaceous and Prunus hosts with a complementary RNA probe. AN - 16366272; 2862351 AB - Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) prepared from genomic RNA of a peach isolate of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) were used to produce a super(32)P-labeled complementary RNA (cRNA) probe that was capable of detecting PNRSV in tissue extracts. RNA transcripts of an 800 bp cDNA fragment inserted into plasmid pGEM-7Zf(+) were obtained using SP6 and T7 RNA polymerases. Dot-blot hybridizations using radiolabeled SP6 transcripts were compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of PNRSV serotypes in peach, cherry, and herbaceous hosts. In most tissues the limits of detection of PNRSV were similar with ELISA and cRNA hybridization. However, PNRSV serotype CH30 reacted poorly in ELISA but was readily detected by the cRNA probe. JF - Plant Disease AU - Crosslin, JM AU - Hammond, R W AU - Hammerschlag, F A AD - USDA-ARS, IAREC, Rt. 2, Box 2953A, Prosser, WA 99350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1132 EP - 1136 VL - 76 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - cRNA KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Cucumis sativus KW - detection KW - serotypes KW - RNA KW - hybridization analysis KW - Chenopodium quinoa KW - prunus necrotic ringspot virus KW - Prunus persica KW - probes KW - Prunus KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16366272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Prunus+necrotic+ringspot+virus+serotypes+in+herbaceous+and+Prunus+hosts+with+a+complementary+RNA+probe.&rft.au=Crosslin%2C+JM%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BHammerschlag%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Crosslin&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; RNA; serotypes; hybridization analysis; probes; Cucumis sativus; prunus necrotic ringspot virus; Chenopodium quinoa; Prunus persica; Prunus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiviral effects of a thiol protease inhibitor on foot-and-mouth disease virus. AN - 16365417; 2861074 AB - The thiol protease inhibitor E-64 specifically blocks autocatalytic activity of the leader protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and interferes with cleavage of the structural protein precursor in an in vitro translation assay programmed with virion RNA. Experiments with FMDV-infected cells and E-64 or a membrane-permeable analog, E-64d, have confirmed these results and demonstrated interference in virus assembly, causing a reduction in virus yield. In addition, there is a lag in the appearance of virus-induced cellular morphologic alterations, a delay in cleavage of host cell protein p220 and in shutoff of host protein synthesis, and a decrease in viral protein and RNA synthesis. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Kleina, L AU - Grubman, MJ AD - Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., North Atlantic Area, ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 7168 EP - 7175 VL - 66 IS - 12 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - proteinase KW - glycoprotein 350/220 KW - thiol proteinase inhibitor KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - antiviral agents KW - replication KW - inhibitors KW - RNA biosynthesis KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16365417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Antiviral+effects+of+a+thiol+protease+inhibitor+on+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus.&rft.au=Kleina%2C+L%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Kleina&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - foot-and-mouth disease virus; replication; inhibitors; RNA biosynthesis; antiviral agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition between cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNAs in tomato seedlings and protoplasts: A model for satellite-mediated control of tomato necrosis. AN - 16363927; 2862236 AB - The competition between two satellite RNAs of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in inoculated tomato seedlings or in electroporated tomato protoplasts was examined using semidenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and northern hybridization. Analysis of total nucleic acid extracts revealed that in infections with two simultaneously inoculated satellite RNAs, or in infections where the more virulent satellite was inoculated at a later time, the amount of the two satellite RNAs that accumulated differed. The amount of accumulation depended on the concentration of each satellite RNA in the inoculum and the length of time between inoculations. The results support the feasibility of the use of mild virus-satellite combinations in the biocontrol of CMV. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smith, C R AU - Tousignant, ME AU - Geletka, L M AU - Kaper, J M AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1270 EP - 1274 VL - 76 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - biological control KW - cucumber mosaic virus KW - protoplasts KW - infection KW - virulence KW - necrosis KW - satellite RNA KW - competition KW - seedlings KW - A 01028:Others KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - V 22187:Control & treatment KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16363927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Competition+between+cucumber+mosaic+virus+satellite+RNAs+in+tomato+seedlings+and+protoplasts%3A+A+model+for+satellite-mediated+control+of+tomato+necrosis.&rft.au=Smith%2C+C+R%3BTousignant%2C+ME%3BGeletka%2C+L+M%3BKaper%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; protoplasts; infection; virulence; necrosis; seedlings; competition; satellite RNA; Lycopersicon esculentum; cucumber mosaic virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of an ndvB locus from Rhizobium fredii . AN - 16363898; 2846925 AB - A gene (ndvB) in Rhizobium meliloti that is essential for nodule development in Medicago sativa (alfalfa), specifies synthesis of a large membrane protein. This protein appears to be an intermediate in beta -1,2-glucan synthesis by the microsymbiont. Southern hybridization analysis showed strong homology between an ndvB (chvB) probe and genomic DNA of R. fredii but not from Bradyrhizobium japonicum . A cosmid clone containing the putative ndvB locus was isolated from a Rhizobium fredii gene library. The cosmid clone which complemented R. meliloti ndvB mutants for synthesis of beta -1,2-glucans and effective nodulation of alfalfa was mapped and subcloned. Fragment-specific Tn5 mutagenesis followed by homologous recombination into the R. fredii genome indicated that that the region was essential for beta -1,2-glucan synthesis and for formation of an effective symbiosis with Glycine max (soybean). JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Build. 011, HH-19, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2159 EP - 2165 VL - 6 IS - 15 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - ndvB gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rhizobium fredii KW - hybridization analysis KW - genes KW - gene mapping KW - probes KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16363898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+an+ndvB+locus+from+Rhizobium+fredii+.&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A%3BTully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium fredii; genes; probes; hybridization analysis; gene mapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf water status and root system water flux of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedling in relation to new root growth after transplanting. AN - 16361441; 2852374 AB - Water relations and root growth of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) were studied four weeks after seedlings from a half-sib family had been transplanted to one of three regimes of soil water availability at a root zone temperature of either 15 or 20 degree C. About one-third of the variation in new root growth was explained by the root zone environment. The interaction between root zone temperature and soil water availability accounted for 10% of the variation in new root growth. In the most favorable root environment, new roots averaged 620 mm super(2) of projected surface area. Leaf water potential increased exponentially with new root projected surface area, becoming constant at about 300 mm super(2). Leaf conductance and root system water flux increased linearly with new root growth. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Brissette, J C AU - Chambers, J L AD - USDA For. Serv., Southern For. Exp. Stn., 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 289 EP - 303 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Pinus echinata KW - roots KW - water relations KW - water regimes KW - seedlings KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16361441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Leaf+water+status+and+root+system+water+flux+of+shortleaf+pine+%28Pinus+echinata+Mill.%29+seedling+in+relation+to+new+root+growth+after+transplanting.&rft.au=Brissette%2C+J+C%3BChambers%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Brissette&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus echinata; seedlings; water regimes; roots; water relations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of PhastSystem) to the resolution of bovine milk proteins on urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AN - 16360570; 2859452 AB - Profiles of milk proteins showed that the caseins and whey proteins resolved extremely well. Major bands were observed for alpha sub(s1)-casein and beta -casein, and alpha sub(s2)-casein appeared as a well-resolved doublet. In contrast, Kappa -casein separated from other caseins as a faint doublet, and purified Kappa -casein appeared as one major and one minor band. Whey proteins (serum albumin, alpha -lactalbumin, beta -lactoglobulin) separated into broad bands resolved from each other and from the caseins. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Van Hekken, DL AU - Thompson, M P AD - Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, East. Reg. Res. Cent., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1204 EP - 1210 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - casein KW - cattle KW - gel electrophoresis KW - milk KW - purification KW - whey proteins KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16360570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Application+of+PhastSystem%29+to+the+resolution+of+bovine+milk+proteins+on+urea-polyacrylamide+gel+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Van+Hekken%2C+DL%3BThompson%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Van+Hekken&rft.aufirst=DL&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boron enhances and mimics some effects of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. AN - 16355179; 2854040 AB - A study was performed with one objective being the further characterization of the relationship between boron and estrogen in humans over the age of 45 years. Four men, four postmenopausal women, five postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy, and one premenopausal women were fed a mixed Western basal diet that supplied 0.25 mg B/2,000 kcal for 63 days. Then they were fed the same diet supplemented with 3 mg B/day as sodium borate for 49 days. The findings suggest that boron can both enhance and mimic some effects of estrogen ingestion in post-menopausal women. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Nielsen, F H AU - Gallagher, S K AU - Johnson, L K AU - Nielsen, E J AD - USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, P.O. Box 7166, University Station, Grand Forks, ND 58202-7166, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 237 EP - 246 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - estrogen KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - nutrition KW - metabolism KW - diets KW - boron KW - H SM3.1:BASIC APPROACHES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16355179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postmodern+Culture&rft.atitle=%22The+World+Will+Be+Tlon%22%3A+Mapping+the+Fantastic+onto+the+Virtual&rft.au=Tofts%2C+Darren&rft.aulast=Tofts&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postmodern+Culture&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - boron; diets; metabolism; nutrition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roosting habitat of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, South Dakota. AN - 16350728; 2850794 AB - Lack of roost habitat (trees greater than or equal to 40 cm diameter breast height (dbh) and greater than or equal to 18 m super(2)/ha basal area) can limit populations of Merriam's turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami)). The Black Hills region has relatively large populations of Merriam's turkeys, yet trees greater than or equal to 40 cm dbh are uncommon. Consequently, I studied roosting habitat of this subspecies in a hierarchical manner to quantify roost habitat requirements in an area of apparent limited suitable roost habitat. Little or no selection for roost occurred among macrohabitats. Basal area at roost sites averaged 19-25 m super(2)/ha. Winter and summer (excluding hens will poult) roost sites were more similar than roost sites selected by hens with poults or random sites. Vegetative characteristics at roost plots showed trends toward trees with large dbh, lower tree density (stems/ha), and higher basal area (m super(2)/ha). Roost trees averaged 35 cm dbh, but trees greater than or equal to 23 cm dbh were used. Roost trees had layered horizontal branches and often large dbh, but large dbh was not a prerequisite for roost trees. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Rumble, MA AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 501 E. St. Joe, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 750 EP - 759 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - roosting behavior KW - habitat selection KW - Meleagris gallopavo merriami KW - USA, South Dakota, Black Hills KW - population dynamics KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16350728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Roosting+habitat+of+Merriam%27s+turkeys+in+the+Black+Hills%2C+South+Dakota.&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo merriami; USA, South Dakota, Black Hills; habitat selection; roosting behavior; population dynamics; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of exposure to a Delta cya/ Delta crp mutant of Salmonella typhimurium on the subsequent colonization of swine by the wild-type parent strain. AN - 16349537; 2847080 AB - This study characterizes the clinical response and colonization pattern of caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived swine exposed to a Delta cya/ Delta crp mutant ( chi 4233) of S. typhimurium and challenged with the wild-type parent strain. chi 4233 was mildly virulent in swine and induced transient fever and soft stools. chi 4233 colonized the ileum, cecum, liver, spleen, tonsils, and mandibular and ileocolic lymph nodes of swine in a manner similar to the parental wild-type, but the numbers of S. typhimurium ( chi 4233) in the ileum were 100- to 1000-fold less than those of pigs exposed to the parental wild-type. Pigs exposed to chi 4233 21 days before parental wild-type challenge demonstrated a milder clinical response to challenge than did pigs that did not receive chi 4233. The wild-type populations in the ilea of chi 4233-exposed pigs after challenge were 100- to 10,000-fold less than those in pigs not receiving chi 4233. The liver, spleen, and ileocolic lymph nodes were cleared of wild-type S. typhimurium more quickly after challenge in chi 4233-exposed pigs. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Coe, N E AU - Wood, R L AD - Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., USDA-APHIS, P.O. Box 844, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 207 EP - 220 VL - 31 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - intestine KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - colonization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16349537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+exposure+to+a+Delta+cya%2F+Delta+crp+mutant+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+on+the+subsequent+colonization+of+swine+by+the+wild-type+parent+strain.&rft.au=Coe%2C+N+E%3BWood%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Coe&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; colonization; intestine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of water potential, temperature, and soil microbial activity on release of starch-encapsulated atrazine and alachlor. AN - 16344853; 2846110 AB - Starch encapsulation has been proposed as a method for controlling the rate at which pesticides are released into the soil. Relatively little is known about what environmental factors influence controlled release. A series of laboratory studies were initiated to improve our understanding of how water potential, and soil microbial activity influence rate of release of starch-encapsulated atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) and alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide). Water potential, imposed using polyethylene glycol, significantly influenced swelling of the starch matrix and rate of release of both herbicides. At 35 degree C nearly three times more atrazine and two times more alachlor was released from starch granules than at 15 degree C at all sampling times. Soil microbes increase the rate of release. After 21 d there was a twofold increase in the percentage of atrazine released from starch granules. Effect of soil microbes on rate of alachlor release was apparent only at early times. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Gish, T J AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Build. 265, BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 382 EP - 386 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - alachlor KW - atrazine KW - starch KW - temperature KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - soil microorganisms KW - herbicides KW - ground water KW - encapsulation KW - A 01054:Effect of herbicides KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16344853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+water+potential%2C+temperature%2C+and+soil+microbial+activity+on+release+of+starch-encapsulated+atrazine+and+alachlor.&rft.au=Wienhold%2C+B+J%3BGish%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Wienhold&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil microorganisms; herbicides; encapsulation; ground water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive abilities of Tn5 Tox super(-) mutants of a rhizobacterium inhibitory to wheat growth. AN - 16344271; 2851243 AB - Antibiosis has been thought to impart a competitive advantage to soil microorganisms. A rhizobacterium of the genus Pseudomonas produces a toxin that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The bacterium was mutagenized with the Tn5 transposon to obtain toxin-negative (Tox super(-)) mutants or was selected for its spontaneous resistance to rifampicin. Tox super(-) mutants were used to determine the role of the toxin in wheat root inhibition, root colonization, and rhizosphere competitiveness. Four Tox super(-) (loss of inhibition of both E. coli) and wheat root growth) and four partial Tox super(-) (partial loss of inhibition of E. coli) and wheat root growth) Tn5 mutants were isolated. Seven of the mutants had different Tn5 chromosomal insertions, which suggests that toxin production is the result of several gene loci. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Bolton, H Jr AU - Stroo, H F AU - Elliott, L F AU - Fredrickson, J K AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 143 EP - 153 VL - 144 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - toxins KW - Pseudomonas KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16344271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Competitive+abilities+of+Tn5+Tox+super%28-%29+mutants+of+a+rhizobacterium+inhibitory+to+wheat+growth.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+A+C%3BBolton%2C+H+Jr%3BStroo%2C+H+F%3BElliott%2C+L+F%3BFredrickson%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Triticum aestivum; toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Nosema aigerae on the house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). AN - 16343493; 2844364 AB - Larvae of Musca domestica were exposed to spores of Nosema algerae on the surface of their diet. Infective concentrations (IC sub(50) and IC sub(90)) for the larvae were 3.6 x 10 super(4) and 1.6 x 10 super(6) spores/cm super(2), respectively. The disease appeared to cause no larval mortality, but the longevity of adult females was reduced. At 30 days post-infection, there were at least 1 x 10 super(7) spores per fly in all dosage groups. At lower dosages, the development of spores was delayed and fewer spores were produced. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Undeen, AH AU - Krueger, C M AD - USDA-ARS, Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 268 EP - 271 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Musca domestica KW - biological control KW - larvae KW - infection KW - pathogenicity KW - Nosema algerae KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16343493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Nosema+aigerae+on+the+house+fly+Musca+domestica+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29.&rft.au=Undeen%2C+AH%3BKrueger%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Undeen&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; larvae; infection; pathogenicity; Musca domestica; Nosema algerae; Muscidae; Diptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roost trees used by pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. AN - 16342195; 2850959 AB - We wanted to identify the types of trees and habitat used by pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus ) for roosting, and to develop management guidelines to provide this habitat. Thus, we located 123 roost trees used by 22 pileated woodpeckers and observed their roosting behavior in northeastern Oregon, 1989-99. In all 443 instances, adult pileated woodpeckers roost inside a cavity at night. The majority (62%) of the roosts were in grand fir (Abies grandis ) both live and dead, that were extensively decayed by Indian paint fungus (Echinodontium tinctorium ). The decay had created a hollow chamber inside the tree that average 4.3 m long (SE = 0.22) and 28 cm (0.29) wide where birds roosted. The majority of roosts occurred in old-growth stands of grand fir, with greater than or equal to 60% canopy closure and little or no logging activity. Trees used for roosting and for nesting differed. Roost trees usually were live grand fir, were smaller in diameter, had more holes, and occurred lower on the slope than did nest trees. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Bull, EL AU - Holthausen, R S AU - Henjum, M G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 786 EP - 793 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - Dryocopus pileatus KW - roosts KW - habitat selection KW - trees KW - USA, Oregon KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16342195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Roost+trees+used+by+pileated+woodpeckers+in+northeastern+Oregon.&rft.au=Bull%2C+EL%3BHolthausen%2C+R+S%3BHenjum%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=786&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dryocopus pileatus; USA, Oregon; roosts; habitat selection; forest management; trees ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of a wheat cDNA clone for an abscisic acid-inducible transcript with homology to protein kinases. AN - 16341106; 2848479 AB - Increases in the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) initiate water-stress responses in plants. We present evidence that a transcript with homology to protein kinases is induced by ABA and dehydration in wheat. A 1.2-kilobase cDNA clone (PKABA1) was isolated from an ABA-treated wheat embryo cDNA library by screening the library with a probe developed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of serine/threonine protein kinase subdomains VIb to VIII. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PKABA1 clone contains the feature of serine/threonine protein kinases, including homology with all 12 conserved regions of the catalytic domain. PKABA1 transcript levels are barely detectable in growing seedlings but are induced dramatically when plants are subjected to dehydration stress. The PKABA1 transcript can also be induced by supplying low concentrations of ABA, and coordinate increases in ABA levels and PKABA1 mRNA occur when seedling are water-stressed. Identification of this ABA-inducible transcript with homology to protein kinases provides a basis for examining the role of protein phosphorylation in plant responses to dehydration. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Anderberg, R J AU - Walker-Simmons, M K AD - USDA/ARS, 209 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 10183 EP - 10187 VL - 89 IS - 21 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Triticum aestivum KW - abscisic acid KW - amino acid sequence KW - cDNA KW - genes KW - induction KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - protein kinase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07357:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16341106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+a+wheat+cDNA+clone+for+an+abscisic+acid-inducible+transcript+with+homology+to+protein+kinases.&rft.au=Anderberg%2C+R+J%3BWalker-Simmons%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Anderberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=10183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; cDNA; amino acid sequence; genes; induction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive ability of site-specific algorithms derived from high-resolution remote-sensing of phytoplankton. AN - 16336262; 2844609 AB - Predictive models derived from airborne remote sensing of aquaculture impoundments provided reliable estimates of phytoplankton standing crop and pigment concentrations and were distinct from models developed for other turbid waters. However, although site-specific models achieve greater predictive accuracy than "universal" models, the temporal and spatial utility of site-specific models often are reduced. To examine the spatial accuracy of the predictive models, comparisons of models among impoundments having distinct phytoplankton composition and standing crops are discussed. Such knowledge of the temporal and spatial accuracy of predictive models is necessary for accurate applications of remote imagery within ecological research and fisheries/aquacultural management. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Millie, D F AU - Baker, M C AU - Tucker, C S AU - Vinyard, B T AD - USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 VL - 28 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - fisheries KW - imagery KW - phytoplankton KW - biomass KW - Brackish KW - mathematical models KW - Freshwater KW - algae KW - photosynthetic pigments KW - airborne sensing KW - algal culture KW - aquaculture KW - impoundments KW - remote sensing KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q3 08585:Plant culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16336262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Predictive+ability+of+site-specific+algorithms+derived+from+high-resolution+remote-sensing+of+phytoplankton.&rft.au=Millie%2C+D+F%3BBaker%2C+M+C%3BTucker%2C+C+S%3BVinyard%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Millie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+3+sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fisheries; imagery; photosynthetic pigments; phytoplankton; biomass; aquaculture; algal culture; airborne sensing; impoundments; mathematical models; algae; remote sensing; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of a mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) population with concurrent parasitoid and sterile fly releases in Kula, Maui, Hawaii. AN - 16335568; 2844340 AB - Irradiated adult Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were released in a sterile insect technique (SIT) program to suppress a wild C. capitata population. Concurrent with sterile fly releases, the braconid larval parasitoid Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) was released. Mean number ( plus or minus SEM) of male C. capitata trapped per day was significantly reduced. The mean percentage of C. capitata eggs hatching was significantly lower in Kula than in the control area. After the first month of parasitoid releases, D. tryoni became the dominant parasitoid present in Kula. The mean number of adult C. capitata recovered per kilogram of fruit was significantly lower in Kula compared with the control area. This field experiment suggests that the concurrent release of parasitoids and sterile flies represents a valuable approach to eradication of established Mediterranean fruit fly populations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Wong, TTY AU - Ramadan, M M AU - Herr, J C AU - McInnis, DO AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1671 EP - 1681 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Diachasmimorpha tryoni KW - USA, Hawaii, Maui KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - biological control KW - sterile-release KW - parasitoids KW - Diptera KW - Tephritidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16335568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+a+mediterranean+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+population+with+concurrent+parasitoid+and+sterile+fly+releases+in+Kula%2C+Maui%2C+Hawaii.&rft.au=Wong%2C+TTY%3BRamadan%2C+M+M%3BHerr%2C+J+C%3BMcInnis%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=TTY&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; sterile-release; parasitoids; Ceratitis capitata; Diptera; Tephritidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three tetramic acids and their ability to alter membrane function in cultured skeletal muscle cells and sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AN - 16335402; 2839289 AB - Cyclopiazonic acid is a potent inhibitor of calcium uptake and Ca super(2+)-ATPase activity in sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum. In L6 muscle myoblasts, cyclopiazonic acid stimulates the uptake of tetraphenylphosphonium, a lipophilic membrane potential probe, and has antioxidant properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural requirements necessary for causing the surface charge alterations, and the antioxidant activity in L6 skeletal muscle myoblasts, and for inhibition of calcium transport by rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. This was accomplished by comparing the effects of two structurally related tetramic acids, cyclopiazonic acid imine and tenuazonic acid, with cyclopiazonic acid. Cyclopiazonic acid imine inhibited oxalate-assisted super(45)Ca super(2+) uptake and ATPase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and stimulated tetraphenylphosphonium accumulation by L6 muscle myoblasts. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Riley, R T AU - Goeger, DE AU - Yoo, Hwansoo AU - Showker, J L AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxins Res. Unit, Russell Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 261 EP - 267 VL - 114 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - tetramic acids KW - effects on KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - cyclopiazonic acid imine KW - tenuazonic acid KW - rats KW - function KW - membranes KW - mycotoxins KW - skeletal muscle KW - tissue culture KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biochemistry Abstracts 1: Biological Membranes (till 1993); Toxicology Abstracts KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16335402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+three+tetramic+acids+and+their+ability+to+alter+membrane+function+in+cultured+skeletal+muscle+cells+and+sarcoplasmic+reticulum+vesicles.&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BGoeger%2C+DE%3BYoo%2C+Hwansoo%3BShowker%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - membranes; function; skeletal muscle; tissue culture; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prepupal and pupal parasitism of Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Steinernema sp. in cornfields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. AN - 16333954; 2844180 AB - An indigenous Steinernema sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) nematode parasitized prepupae and pupae of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), collected from fruiting cornfields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Over a 5-yr period, 34% of all fields sampled contained parasitized corn earworm and 24.2% contained parasitized fall armyworm. Of 3,036 corn earworm prepupae and pupae collected during this study, 11.6% were parasitized; of 1,802 fall armyworm collected, 9.3% were parasitized. Parasitism by Steinernema sp. accounted for 49.4 and 46.1% of the mortality of corn earworm and fall armyworm prepupae and pupae, respectively. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Raulston, J R AU - Pair, S D AU - Loera, J AU - Cabanillas, HE AD - Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., Cotton Insects Res., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1666 EP - 1670 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - pupae KW - Steinernema KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - prepupae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16333954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Prepupal+and+pupal+parasitism+of+Helicoverpa+zea+and+Spodoptera+frugiperda+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+by+Steinernema+sp.+in+cornfields+in+the+Lower+Rio+Grande+Valley.&rft.au=Raulston%2C+J+R%3BPair%2C+S+D%3BLoera%2C+J%3BCabanillas%2C+HE&rft.aulast=Raulston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pupae; prepupae; Spodoptera frugiperda; Steinernema; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety of Edhazardia aedis (Microspora: Amblyosporidae) for nontarget aquatic organisms. AN - 16333422; 2844559 AB - The susceptibility of common nontarget aquatic organisms to the microsporidium Edhazardia aedis was investigated in the laboratory. Eight predacious species along with 9 scavengers and filter feeders were tested. The nontarget organisms were not susceptible to infection by E. aedis and there was no appreciable mortality. To measure the relative safety of E. aedis to nontarget organisms, a simple mathematical expression was employed where risk is defined as the product of the probability of exposure and the result of exposure (infection) expressed as P sub(e)P sub(i). In these laboratory tests, the probability of exposure was fixed at 1 (maximum challenge) and the probability of infection was determined to be 0. Therefore, the risk associated with release of E. aedis) into the environment is considered to be negligible under these conditions. The true risk for nontarget organisms to E. aedis can only by determined by careful evaluation of controlled field studies in the natural habitat of the target host. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Becnel, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 256 EP - 260 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - aquatic insects KW - nontarget organisms KW - toxicity testing KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Culicidae KW - Edhazardia aedis KW - Freshwater KW - pathogens KW - Microsporidia KW - Diptera KW - aquatic environment KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16333422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Safety+of+Edhazardia+aedis+%28Microspora%3A+Amblyosporidae%29+for+nontarget+aquatic+organisms.&rft.au=Becnel%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Becnel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pathogens; aquatic insects; aquatic environment; toxicity testing; nontarget organisms; Microsporidia; Culicidae; Edhazardia aedis; Diptera; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a genetically modified endophytic bacterium on composition and decomposition of corn residue. AN - 16331719; 2844163 AB - I have determined whether the presence of an endophytic bacterium alters the chemical properties of inoculated plants and compared decomposition of colonized residues with control residues in soil. Greenhouse-grown corn (Zea mays L.) plants (18 days old) were inoculated with either the endophytic bacteria Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (MDE1) or a genetically engineered construction of C. xyli subsp. cynodontis which was transformed by inserting a gene encoding for production of a delta -endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (MDR1.3). Leaves and stalks were harvested at maturity and various chemical and physical properties analyzed. Inoculation with either MDR1.3 or MDE1 appeared to increase the quantity of N present in all plant parts. During early stages, leaf residues contained more readily decomposable substrates than did stalk residues. Leaves from plants inoculated with buffer decomposed significantly more after 63 days than those from plants inoculated with MDE1 or MDR1.3. In contrast, corn stalks inoculated with MDR1.3 decomposed significantly more than those inoculated with buffer or MDE1. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Tester, C F AD - Soil-Microb. Syst. Lab., ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1107 EP - 1112 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Clavibacter xyli KW - delta -endotoxin KW - subsp.cynodontis KW - subsp.thuringiensis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - recombinants KW - crop residues KW - decomposition KW - Zea mays KW - endophytes KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - genes KW - gene expression KW - genetically engineered microorganisms KW - A 01047:General KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16331719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+genetically+modified+endophytic+bacterium+on+composition+and+decomposition+of+corn+residue.&rft.au=Tester%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Tester&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recombinants; crop residues; decomposition; endophytes; genes; gene expression; genetically engineered microorganisms; Zea mays; Bacillus thuringiensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are high performance liquid chromatographic and remote-sensing technologies applicable for routine monitoring of Gymnodinium breve Davis?. AN - 16327718; 2844622 AB - Pigment signatures as determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) have been proposed to systematically differentiate between algal phylogenetic groups, and possibly between taxa. Advances in remote-sensing technology have led to imaging sensors capable of distinguishing spectral reflectances at sensitivities of 2 to 3 nanometers. However, whether HPLC and remote-sensing technologies used together can characterize mono-typic coastal assemblages remains unproven. The pigment complex of Gymnodinium breve populations acclimated to low- and high-photon flux densities (PFDs) and populations acclimated to high-PFDs with ultraviolet light are examined. Additionally, in vivo absorption spectra as linkages between HPLC pigment analyses and spectra reflectance signatures of mono-typic cultures are discussed. Such knowledge of alterations in the pigment signature G. breve will provide necessary information for the accurate interpretation of future remote imagery. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Millie, D F AU - Kirkpatrick, G J AD - USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 VL - 28 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Gymnodinium breve KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - chromatographic techniques KW - Marine KW - environmental monitoring KW - phytoplankton KW - photosynthetic pigments KW - Brackish KW - red tides KW - reflectance KW - remote sensing KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q1 08481:Productivity KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16327718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Are+high+performance+liquid+chromatographic+and+remote-sensing+technologies+applicable+for+routine+monitoring+of+Gymnodinium+breve+Davis%3F.&rft.au=Millie%2C+D+F%3BKirkpatrick%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Millie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+3+sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chromatographic techniques; environmental monitoring; photosynthetic pigments; phytoplankton; red tides; reflectance; remote sensing; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Listeria monocytogeneS on beef tissue by application of organic acids immobilized in a calcium alginate gel. AN - 16325539; 2835643 AB - Organic acids added to calcium alginate gels and immobilized on lean beef tissue inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) reduced the population significantly more than did acid treatment alone. Lactic acid (1.7% v/v) immobilized in alginate reduced counts by 1.3 log sub(10) units vs 0.03 log unit decrease from the acid treatment alone. Acetic acid (2% v/v) reduced counts 1.5 and 0.25 log units, respectively. Over 7 days, Lm proliferated in samples without acid and/or alginate treatment. Differential counts on selective and non-selective agars indicated sublethal cellular injury occurred. Alginate coatings did not enhance acid inhibition on fat tissue. Immobilized agents may have potential for raw meat decontamination. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Dickson, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 293 EP - 296 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - calcium alginate KW - organic acids KW - growth inhibition KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - preservatives KW - beef KW - immobilization KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16325539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Listeria+monocytogeneS+on+beef+tissue+by+application+of+organic+acids+immobilized+in+a+calcium+alginate+gel.&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BDickson%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; immobilization; beef; preservatives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ED sub(50) levels of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum with reduced sensitivity to thiabendazole, benomyl and imazalil. AN - 16325336; 2836307 AB - The ED sub(50) values of 415 isolates of Penicillium digitatum Sacc. and P. italicum Wehmer with reduced sensitivity to thiabendazole (TBZ), benomyl (BEN) and/or imazalil (IM) were assessed. The isolates were collected from decayed grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.), lemons (C. limon (L.) Burm. f.), mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) and oranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) from 14 geographical origins. The isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar containing yeast extract and amended with a series of fungicide concentrations. The mean ED sub(50) values of P. digitatum were 15.8 mg/L for TBZ, 6.3 mg/L for BEN and 0.88 mg/L for IM. The mean ED sub(50) values of P. italicum were 22.6 mg/L for TBZ and 4.7 mg/L for BEN. The resistance levels of green and blue mold to the benzimidazoles were related to their geographical origins. JF - Postharvest Biology and Technology AU - Bus, V G AD - USDA-ARS, European Mark. Res. Cent., Marconistraat 38, 3029 AK Rotterdam, Netherlands Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 305 EP - 315 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 0925-5214, 0925-5214 KW - thiabendazole KW - benomyl KW - imazalil KW - ED sub(50) KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - post-harvest decay KW - Penicillium italicum KW - Penicillium digitatum KW - fungicides KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16325336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.atitle=ED+sub%2850%29+levels+of+Penicillium+digitatum+and+P.+italicum+with+reduced+sensitivity+to+thiabendazole%2C+benomyl+and+imazalil.&rft.au=Bus%2C+V+G&rft.aulast=Bus&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.issn=09255214&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium digitatum; Penicillium italicum; fungicides; fruits; post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional enhancement of biocontrol of blue mold on apples. AN - 16321933; 2839090 AB - Thirty-six carbohydrates and twenty-three nitrogenous compounds were evaluated for their effect on germination, and germ tube and radial growth of the pathogen Penicillium expansum , and for stimulation of growth of an antagonist Pseudomonas syringae (strain L-59-66). Compounds that strongly stimulated growth of the antagonist but had little or no stimulatory effect on germination and growth of the pathogen were evaluated for their effect on enhancing biocontrol of blue mold on ripe Golden Delicious apple. Seven amino acids and two carbohydrates met the required criteria. myo-Inositol and L-arabinose at 50 mu g/ml had no effect and at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 12.8 mg/ml actually reduced biocontrol. L-Asparagine and L-proline greatly enhanced biocontrol at concentrations of 20 and 80 mM. JF - Phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Usall, J AU - Bors, B AD - USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1364 EP - 1370 VL - 82 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - arabinose KW - asparagine KW - myo-inositol KW - proline KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - blue mold KW - antagonism KW - amino acids KW - fruits KW - Malus KW - post-harvest decay KW - nutrient requirements KW - Penicillium expansum KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Nutritional+enhancement+of+biocontrol+of+blue+mold+on+apples.&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BUsall%2C+J%3BBors%2C+B&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; antagonism; blue mold; amino acids; fruits; post-harvest decay; nutrient requirements; Malus; Pseudomonas syringae; Penicillium expansum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inheritance of blast resistance in near-isogenic lines of rice. AN - 16321899; 2836059 AB - Resistance to blast disease is an important objective of most rice breeding programs. Genetic studies of resistance have been complicated by variability of the pathogen and lack of rice genotypes with single resistance genes. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) with single blast resistance genes were developed by backcrossing four donor cultivars to the recurrent parent CO39. Five pathogen isolates were used to screen the populations during backcrossing. The 22 NILs were classified into six groups by their reaction to a diverse set of blast isolates. Blast resistance was conferred by independent dominant genes in the NILs C101LAC, C101A51, and C104PKT, designated Pi-1(t), Pi-2(t), and Pi-3(t), respectively. Blast resistance in C101PKT and C105TTP-4 was conferred by dominant alleles at an additional locus, designated Pi-4 super(a)(t) and Pi-4 super(b)(t), respectively. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mackill, D J AU - Bonman, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Agron. and Range Sci., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 746 EP - 749 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Pyricularia Oryzae KW - blast KW - Oryza sativa KW - plant breeding KW - genetic analysis KW - plant diseases KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Inheritance+of+blast+resistance+in+near-isogenic+lines+of+rice.&rft.au=Mackill%2C+D+J%3BBonman%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Mackill&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oryza sativa; Pyricularia Oryzae; plant diseases; blast; disease resistance; genetic analysis; plant breeding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies to examine serological relationships among three filamentous viruses of sweetpotato. AN - 16320867; 2840960 AB - Sweetpotato is susceptible to infection by several filamentous viruses of which only the aphid-transmitted sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) has been well-characterized. Sweetpotato mild mottle (SPMMV; transmitted by whiteflies) and sweetpotato latent (SPLV; for which no vector has been identified) viruses, although well-recognized, have not been definitively classified. The serological relationships among these viruses were re-examined with SPFMV-, SPLV- and SPMMV-specific polyclonal antisera and potyvirus cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). No significant relationships were detected between SPMMV and SPFMV, SPLV, or any other aphid-transmitted potyvirus. None of the MAbs reacted to SPMMV. Several MAbs reacted with epitopes common to SPFMV and SPLV, whereas others reacted with epitopes on only one of these viruses. With the exception of one MAb specific for SPFMV, all MAbs used recognized epitopes present on other distinct potyviruses. JF - Phytopathology AU - Hammond, J AU - Jordan, R L AU - Larsen, R C AU - Moyer, J W AD - USDA-ARS, Florist and Nursery Crops Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 713 EP - 717 VL - 82 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - sweet potato mild mottle virus KW - polyclonal antibodies KW - antigenic characteristics KW - sweet potato feathery mottle virus KW - identification KW - serotyping KW - antisera KW - sweet potato latent virus KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - V 22181:Detection KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - V 22091:Immunological techniques & reagents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16320867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+polyclonal+antisera+and+monoclonal+antibodies+to+examine+serological+relationships+among+three+filamentous+viruses+of+sweetpotato.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J%3BJordan%2C+R+L%3BLarsen%2C+R+C%3BMoyer%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - polyclonal antibodies; antigenic characteristics; serotyping; identification; antisera; monoclonal antibodies; sweet potato mild mottle virus; sweet potato feathery mottle virus; sweet potato latent virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxic activity of selected water-soluble metabolites of Fusarium against Lemna minor L. (duckweed). AN - 16319489; 2836722 AB - Phytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of the fusarial toxins fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) (m.p. 103-105 degree C), fusaric acid (m.p. 106-107 degree C), butenolide (4-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid lactone) (116-117 degree C), 9,10-dihydroxyfusaric acid (m.p. 150-155 degree C), and moniliformin on chlorophyll synthesis in the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor) (duckweed) were examined. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Vesonder, R F AU - Labeda, D P AU - Peterson, R E AD - Mycotoxin Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 185 EP - 189 VL - 118 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - allelopathy KW - biological poisons KW - chlorophylls KW - effects on KW - phytotoxins KW - plant control KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - metabolites KW - biochemical analysis KW - Fusarium KW - Lemna minor KW - Freshwater KW - biosynthesis KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Phytotoxic+activity+of+selected+water-soluble+metabolites+of+Fusarium+against+Lemna+minor+L.+%28duckweed%29.&rft.au=Vesonder%2C+R+F%3BLabeda%2C+D+P%3BPeterson%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Vesonder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemical analysis; metabolites; biological poisons; plant control; biosynthesis; chlorophylls; phytotoxins; Fusarium; Lemna minor; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetic acid action on beef tissue surfaces contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium . AN - 16319296; 2835657 AB - Beef tissue surfaces (lean and fat) were artificially contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium and then sanitized with 2% acetic acid. The reduction in bacterial population by the acid treatment was consistently proportional to the initial inoculum level for both tissue types. Increasing the amount of organic material in the inoculating menstra reduced the bactericidal effects of acetic acid on Salmonella typhimurium on fat tissue, although there was no change in effectiveness on lean tissue. Acid treatment sublethally injured about 65% of the population on both lean and fat tissue, and the residual effects of the acid resulted in a l log cycle reduction in bacterial population on fat tissue over 4 hr. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Dickson, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 297 EP - 301 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - acetic acid KW - contaminations KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - beef KW - sanitizers KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Acetic+acid+action+on+beef+tissue+surfaces+contaminated+with+Salmonella+typhimurium+.&rft.au=Dickson%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; beef; sanitizers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential of Laetisaria arvalis for the biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani . AN - 16317365; 2836734 AB - Bran preparations of the fungus Laetisaria arvalis isolates LA-1, OK-60, OK-160, OK-206 and ZH-4 reduced survival and saprophytic growth of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) in soil. They also prevented damping-off (R. solani ) of cotton, sugar beet, lettuce and radish in the greenhouse. The six isolates of L. arvalis grown on sterile wheat bran moistened with water and incubated for 5-15 days before addition to soil at a rate of 0.5% (w/w), were equally effective in reducing R. solani inoculum. In general, 15 day old preparations were as effective as 5 day old preparations. 7 Day old bran preparations of various L. arvalis isolates added to pathogen-infested loamy sand soil at a rate of 0.5% (w/w), prevented post-emergence damping-off of cotton, sugar beet, radish and lettuce. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Lewis, JA AU - Papavizas, G C AD - Biocontrol of Plant Dis. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS, USDA, Beltsville Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1075 EP - 1079 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Laetisaria arvalis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - damping-off KW - biological control KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - prevention KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03092:Others KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Potential+of+Laetisaria+arvalis+for+the+biocontrol+of+Rhizoctonia+solani+.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BPapavizas%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1075&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - damping-off; biological control; prevention; Rhizoctonia solani ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of gene and cytoplasm substitutions in pearl millet on leaf blight epidemics and infection by Pyricularia grisea . AN - 16315842; 2836441 AB - Derivatives of the pearl millet inbred Tift 23 with substitutions for various cytoplasms and alleles conferring morphologic or developmental traits were evaluated for differences in leaf blight epidemics in the field and their reactions to infection by Pyricularia grisea in the greenhouse. None of the experiments indicated an effects of the B, A sub(1), or A sub(4) cytoplasms; the tr allele for the trichomeless character; or the d sub(2) allele for dwarf stature on leaf blight progress or on infection by P. grisea). An apparent increased susceptibility in the field was associated with the e sub(1) allele for earliness. When disease progress curves were corrected for anthesis date, inbreds with the e sub(1) allele were more resistant than inbreds without the allele. When inoculated with P. grisea), seedlings of some inbreds with the e sub(1) allele had smaller lesion dimensions than inbreds without the allele, and no lesions developed on Tift 23DA sub(1)E. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wilson, J P AU - Hanna, W W AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Res. Unit, Univ. Georgia Coast. Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 839 EP - 842 VL - 82 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - e1 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Pyricularia grisea KW - genes KW - leaf blight KW - plant breeding KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07357:GENERAL KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+gene+and+cytoplasm+substitutions+in+pearl+millet+on+leaf+blight+epidemics+and+infection+by+Pyricularia+grisea+.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P%3BHanna%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; genes; leaf blight; plant breeding; Pyricularia grisea; Pennisetum glaucum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathological effects of Pratylenchus neglectus on wheatgrasses. AN - 16314839; 2827899 AB - In controlled greenhouse and growth chamber studies, Pratylenchus neglectus reduced dry shoot and dry root weight of rangeland grasses. Greenar intermediate wheatgrass and Secar Snake River wheatgrass were more susceptible to P. neglectus than Hycrest crested wheatgrass, Fairway crested wheatgrass, and Nordan crested wheatgrass at a greenhouse bench temperature of 26 plus or minus 3C. Hycrest was the most tolerant to parasitism by P. neglectus . An initial nematode inoculum density of four nematodes/cm super(3) soil reduced dry shoot weights of Hycrest, Fairway, Nordan, Greenar, and Secar by 22%, 33%, 36%, 47%, and 49%, and reduced dry root weights by 26%, 31%, 32%, 38%, and 42%. There was a positive relationship between dry root weight, the nematode inoculum density, and the nematode reproduction index (final nematode population/initial nematode inoculum). However, there were more nematodes/g root tissue on Secar than on the crested wheatgrasses, and significantly more nematodes/g root tissue on Greenar, Fairway, and Nordan than on Hycrest. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Griffin, G D AD - USDA ARS, Forage and Range Res. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 442 EP - 449 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - effects on KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - grasses KW - population density KW - pathology KW - Pratylenchus neglectus KW - temperature tolerance KW - reproduction KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16314839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Pathological+effects+of+Pratylenchus+neglectus+on+wheatgrasses.&rft.au=Griffin%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pratylenchus neglectus; pathology; reproduction; temperature tolerance; grasses; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactose conjugation of sulphonamide drugs in the lactating dairy cow. AN - 16312717; 2830010 AB - super(14)C-Sulphamethazine (4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzene-(U- super(14)C)-sulphonamide; 220 mg/kg of body weight) was given orally or i.v. to lactating dairy cows. Milk collected from 0-48 h after dosing accounted for 2.0% (oral dose) and 1.1% (i.v. dose) of the total super(14)C-activity administered. Sulphamethazine accounted for 70-79% (oral dose) and 54-75% (i.v. dose) of the total super(14)C in milk samples collected from 0-48 h after dosing. N super(4)-acetylsulphamethazine accounted for 1-2% (oral dose) and 1-4% (i.v. dose) of the super(14)C in milk. The major super(14)C-labelled metabolite in the milk was isolated and identified as the N super(4)-lactose conjugate of sulphamethazine, a unique type of metabolite not previously reported. This metabolite accounted for 10-14% (oral dose) and 9-20% (i.v. dose) of the super(14)C-activity in the milk collected from 0-48 h after dosing with super(14)C-sulphamethazine. N super(4)-lactose conjugates of sulphapyridine, sulphamerazine, sulphathiazole, sulphadimethoxine and sulphaquinoxaline were present in the milk from cows orally dosed with these five sulphonamide drugs. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Paulson, G D AU - Feil, V J AU - Giddings, J M AU - Lamoureux, CH AD - USDA, ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5674-Univ. Sta., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 925 EP - 939 VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - sulfamethazine KW - lactose KW - cattle KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lactation KW - conjugation KW - milk KW - metabolism KW - cow's milk KW - antibacterial agents KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16312717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Lactose+conjugation+of+sulphonamide+drugs+in+the+lactating+dairy+cow.&rft.au=Paulson%2C+G+D%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BGiddings%2C+J+M%3BLamoureux%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=925&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism; conjugation; antibacterial agents; lactation; milk; cow's milk ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrastructural effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego on midgut cells of the cottonwood leaf beetle. AN - 16312470; 2813227 AB - Sequential observations of the ultrastructural effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego were made on midgut epithelial cells of the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F. Larvae imbided a droplet of B. thuringiensis var. san diego containing delta -endotoxin and live spores. Sections of midgut were prepared for transmission electron microscopy at 15-min intervals during the first hour and then hourly for a duration of 3 hr. No signs of cellular disruption were observed until 2 hr after treatment. At this time midgut epithelial cells from treated larvae appeared more elongate and swollen than cells observed from control larvae, with the apical region of the cell bulging into the gut lumen. The cells contained large cytoplasmic spaces, expansion of the basal labyrinth, disruption of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and apical displacement of nuclei. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Bauer, L S AU - Pankratz, H S AD - North Central For. Exp. Stn., USDA For. Serv., Pestic. Res. Cent., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 15 EP - 25 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Bacillus thuringiensis san diego KW - delta -endotoxin KW - subsp.san diego KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - ultrastructure KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - toxicity KW - larvae KW - Chrysomela scripta KW - cytopathology KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - midgut KW - epithelium KW - Chrysomelidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16312470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Ultrastructural+effects+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+var.+san+diego+on+midgut+cells+of+the+cottonwood+leaf+beetle.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+L+S%3BPankratz%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ultrastructure; biological control; larvae; toxicity; cytopathology; midgut; epithelium; Coleoptera; Chrysomela scripta; Bacillus thuringiensis; Chrysomelidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal patterns of mortality from an entomopoxvirus and strategies for control of the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes F.). AN - 16312159; 2813156 AB - The temporal pattern of mortality was investigated in a laboratory population of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), following per os inoculation with the M. sanguinipes entomopoxvirus. The effects of starvation and dosage on the temporal pattern and the implications for the epizootiology of this virus were also investigated. The temporal pattern of mortality was characterized by two modes. The first mode of mortality occurred prior to ca. 12 days postinoculation (PI), and 98.9% of the cadavers were devoid of spheroids (the occluded form of the virus). The second mode of mortality began after ca. 14 days PI. Spheroids were present in 92% of the grasshoppers that died on or after Day 16. The timing of spheroid formation corresponded with the time after which cadaver homogenates were infectious, which suggested that the occluded form of the virus is necessary for transmission in the field. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Woods, SA AU - Streett, DA AU - Henry, JE AD - Rangeland Insect Lab., USDA/ARS, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 33 EP - 39 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - entomopoxvirus KW - epizootiology KW - Acrididae KW - biological control KW - Orthoptera KW - mortality KW - Melanoplus sanguinipes KW - pathogens KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16312159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Temporal+patterns+of+mortality+from+an+entomopoxvirus+and+strategies+for+control+of+the+migratory+grasshopper+%28Melanoplus+sanguinipes+F.%29.&rft.au=Woods%2C+SA%3BStreett%2C+DA%3BHenry%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - epizootiology; biological control; mortality; pathogens; entomopoxvirus; Acrididae; Orthoptera; Melanoplus sanguinipes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of bagasse as a feed input to semi-intensive shrimp growout ponds. AN - 16310987; 2833197 AB - Efforts to reduce the cost of growout feeds for aquaculture have traditionally focused on the use of agricultural wastes as direct or indirect nutritional supplements to support semi-intensive production levels. The merits of a low cost, sugar cane bagasse-based feed for semi-intensive production of Penaeus vannamei were evaluated. Two bagasse-based feed treatments, a manure-based treatment and a no-feed input control, were compared in replicate ponds. One bagasse treatment (artificial manure) was designed to mimic manure and stimulate autotrophic and heterotrophic growth. The other bagasse treatment (bagasse alone plus inorganics) was designed to stimulate primarily autotrophic growth. Both bagasse treatment produced average growth rates of 0.78 g/wk, which were significantly greater than that of the manure treatment (0.57 g/wk). JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Freeman, D W AU - Duerr, E O AU - Leber, K M AD - USDA-ARS Aquacult. Proj., Route 2, Box 481, Tishomingo, OK 73460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 23 EP - 30 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - Penaeus vannamei KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - manure KW - shrimp culture KW - aquaculture systems KW - pond culture KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Use+of+bagasse+as+a+feed+input+to+semi-intensive+shrimp+growout+ponds.&rft.au=Freeman%2C+D+W%3BDuerr%2C+E+O%3BLeber%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - manure; aquaculture systems; shrimp culture; pond culture; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congruent and synchronic patterns in biogeography and speciation among seabirds, pinnipeds, and cestodes. AN - 16310062; 2827261 AB - Host-parasite associations with broad geographic ranges are often archaic and have been structured largely by coevolutionary processes. In contrast, the origins and radiation of the primary cestode faunas of some seabirds (Alcataenia spp./Alcidae) and pinnipeds (Anophryocephalus spp./Phocidae and Otariidae) are associated with colonization. These young colonizing faunas, in the Holarctic Region, were influenced by a common history during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. Periodic range contraction, with isolation in refugial centers, and subsequent expansion into postglacial habitats for hosts and parasites coincided with the cyclic pattern of stadials and interstadials. During the past 2-3 million years following colonization, these dramatic climatic fluctuations strongly influenced the continuity of ecological associations in marine habitats and appear to have been the determinants of congruent and synchronic patterns of speciation among these disparate taxa of marine homeotherms and eucestodes. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Hoberg, E P AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Biosyst. Parasitol. Lab., BARC-E, Build. 1180, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 601 EP - 615 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - historical ecology KW - patterns KW - speciation KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Holarctic Region KW - Marine KW - parasites KW - species KW - Pinnipedia KW - biogeography KW - evolution KW - Aves KW - Cestoda KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04650:Animals - general KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q1 08383:Biogeography and biogeographic regions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Congruent+and+synchronic+patterns+in+biogeography+and+speciation+among+seabirds%2C+pinnipeds%2C+and+cestodes.&rft.au=Hoberg%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Hoberg&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - parasites; species; biogeography; evolution; patterns; speciation; historical ecology; Aves; Pinnipedia; Cestoda; Holarctic Region; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize polyubiquitin genes: Structure, thermal perturbation of expression and transcript splicing, and promoter activity following transfer to protoplasts by electroporation. AN - 16307342; 2825755 AB - Two genomic clones encoding the highly conserved 76 amino acid protein ubiquitin have been isolated from maize. Sequence analysis shows that both genes contain seven contiguous direct repeats of the protein coding region in a polyprotein conformation. The deduced amino acid sequence of all 14 repeats is identical and is the same as for other plant ubiquitins. The use of transcript-specific oligonucleotide probes shows that Ubi-1 and Ubi-2 are expressed constitutively at 25 degree C but are inducible to higher levels at elevated temperatures in maize seedlings. Both genes contain an intron in the 5' untranslated region which is inefficiently processed following a brief, severe heat shock. The transcription start site of Ubi-1 has been determined and a transcriptional fusion of 0.9 kb of the 5' flanking region and the entire 5' untranslated sequence of Ubi-1 with the coding sequence of the gene encoding the reporter molecule chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) has been constructed (pUBI-CAT). CAT assays of extracts of protoplasts electroporated with this construct show that the ubiquitin gene fragment confers a high level of CAT expression in maize and other monocot protoplasts but not in protoplasts of the dicot tobacco. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Christensen, AH AU - Sharrock, R A AU - Quail, PH AD - UC-Berkeley/USDA Plant Gene Expression Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 675 EP - 689 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - repeated sequence KW - ubiquitin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - heat shock KW - gene transfer KW - protoplasts KW - promoters KW - mRNA KW - electroporation KW - nucleotide sequence KW - splicing KW - Zea mays KW - transcripts KW - gene families KW - gene expression KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - N 14555:Miscellaneous KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - N 14550:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16307342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Maize+polyubiquitin+genes%3A+Structure%2C+thermal+perturbation+of+expression+and+transcript+splicing%2C+and+promoter+activity+following+transfer+to+protoplasts+by+electroporation.&rft.au=Christensen%2C+AH%3BSharrock%2C+R+A%3BQuail%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - heat shock; nucleotide sequence; gene transfer; splicing; protoplasts; transcripts; gene families; gene expression; promoters; electroporation; mRNA; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adherent starch granules for encapsulation of insect control agents. AN - 16303708; 2815919 AB - Granule carriers for insect control agents have been used for many years, especially for control of soil-borne pests. Granular baits have not been practical for foliar application because they do not stick well and are susceptible to removal by wind or rain. A simple and economic technique to prepare adherent granules has been developed. The granules are made of starch which, when applied to wet surfaces and allowed to dry, will adhere even in the presence of additional water. Granules were formulated by mixing pregelatinized starch with a water-organic solvent solution. Solvents tested included methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and 1,4-dioxane. The resulting mass, after drying, easily crumbled into particles that could then be sieved to desired particle sizes. Granules made with 2-propanol and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner showed no loss of insecticidal activity when compared with granules made with water alone. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - McGuire, M R AU - Shasha, B S AD - Plant Polymer Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1425 EP - 1433 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - starch encapsulation KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Insecta KW - bait KW - biological control KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16303708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Adherent+starch+granules+for+encapsulation+of+insect+control+agents.&rft.au=McGuire%2C+M+R%3BShasha%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Bacillus thuringiensis; biological control; bait ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Equity preferences in the allocation of goose hunting opportunities. AN - 16303540; 2818270 AB - Goose hunting opportunities in the Northeast (USA) are increasingly limited, and demand often exceeds the supply of hunting opportunities. Where this is the case, existing opportunities must be allocated in some way--usually either by market pricing, "first-come, first-served" or by lottery. During the 1987 goose season, hunters at Dead Creek Wildlife Management Area in Addison, Vermont, were given a mail-back questionnaire to determine their sentiments about the fairness of the existing process. Both groups of respondents favored the lottery for rationing available permits by a substantial margin. Assuming permits could be sold, the average price the respondents would be willing to pay for a permit was $33.38. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Glass, R J AU - More, T A AD - Northeastern For. Exp. Stn., USDA For. Serv., 705 Spear St., P.O. Box 968, Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 271 EP - 279 VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - aquatic birds KW - allocation systems KW - resource availability KW - hunting KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - recreation KW - USA, Northeast KW - economic analysis KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q2 09125:Recreation KW - Q1 08565:Policy, legislation and sociology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16303540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Equity+preferences+in+the+allocation+of+goose+hunting+opportunities.&rft.au=Glass%2C+R+J%3BMore%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; allocation systems; resource availability; hunting; recreation; economic analysis; USA, Northeast; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accounting for benefits and costs of urban greenspace. AN - 16302385; 2813477 AB - Urban greenspace provides many environmental and social services that contribute to the quality of life in cities. Economic approaches used to estimate value of greenspace services include travel cost, willingness to pay, hedonic pricing, and tree valuation. These methods have limited utility for policy-makers, planners, and managers because the underlying values they estimate only indirectly reflect the flow of multiple benefits and costs. A greenspace accounting approach to partially address this deficiency is described using benefit-cost analysis for a proposed tree-planting project in Tucson, AZ. The approach directly connects vegetation structure with the spatial-temporal flow of functional benefits and costs. Prices are assigned to each cost (i.e. planting, pruning, removal, irrigation) and benefit (i.e. cooling energy savings, interception of particulates, stormwater runoff reduction) through direct estimation and implied valuation of benefits as environmental externalities. The approach can be used to evaluate net economic benefits associated with capital investments in urban forests vs. other investments in the urban infrastructure or traditional environmental control technologies. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - McPherson, E G AD - USDA Forest Serv., 5801 N. Pulaski Rd., Chicago, IL 60646, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 41 EP - 51 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - economic importance KW - cost-benefit analysis KW - vegetation KW - urban environments KW - methodology KW - D 04695:Urban environments KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16302385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Accounting+for+benefits+and+costs+of+urban+greenspace.&rft.au=McPherson%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost-benefit analysis; urban environments; vegetation; economic importance; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus activity by optical brighteners. AN - 16302099; 2818300 AB - Addition of the selected optical brighteners Leucophor BS, Lecophor BSB, Phorwite AR, Phorwite RKH, and Tinopal LPW to the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) reduced the LC sub(50) from 18,000 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/ml to values between 10 (Phorwite RKH) and 44 (Leucophor BSB) PIB/ml. These brighteners also reduced the LT sub(50) at every virus concentration tested. At the highest virus concentration (1 x 10 super(6) PIB/ml), LT sub(50)s were reduced from 13.9 to 7.1 d. The addition of Tinopal LPW to the virus also enhanced mortality among mature (fourth instar) larvae. The magnitude of reduction in LC sub(50)s and LT sub(50)s in gypsy moth larvae indicated that selected brighteners greatly enhanced the virulence of the gypsy moth NPV. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Robertson, J L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1120 EP - 1124 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - optical brighteners KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lymantriidae KW - biological control KW - virulence KW - pathogenicity KW - enhancement KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16302099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+baculovirus+activity+by+optical+brighteners.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BRobertson%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; virulence; pathogenicity; enhancement; Lymantriidae; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of cotton lines containing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin to pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and other insects. AN - 16301416; 2820489 AB - Three transgenic lines of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., carrying a modified insect-control protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Berliner), were evaluated for resistance to several lepidopterous insects. These three lines, along with the explant source cultivar, "Coker 312", and a locally adapted control, "MD 51 ne", were grown in a field experiment at Maricopa, Arizona. Early in the season, before bolls were available for infestation, the number of rosetted blooms caused by pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was 95% lower in the transgenic lines than in the control cultivars. A breeding strategy to increase the insect resistance of cotton plants would be to combine the bacterial toxin trait with other resistance traits such as nectariless, okra leaf, and early maturity, known to reduce pink bollworm and other pest insects. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Wilson, F D AU - Flint, H M AU - Deaton, W R AU - Fischhoff, DA AU - Perlak, F J AU - Armstrong, T A AU - Fuchs, R L AU - Berberich, SA AU - Parks, N J AU - Stapp, B R AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1516 EP - 1521 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - subsp.kurstaki KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - biological control KW - Gelechiidae KW - toxins KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - genes KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Lepidoptera KW - pest resistance KW - transgenic plants KW - gene expression KW - spore crystals KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16301416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+cotton+lines+containing+a+Bacillus+thuringiensis+toxin+to+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+and+other+insects.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+F+D%3BFlint%2C+H+M%3BDeaton%2C+W+R%3BFischhoff%2C+DA%3BPerlak%2C+F+J%3BArmstrong%2C+T+A%3BFuchs%2C+R+L%3BBerberich%2C+SA%3BParks%2C+N+J%3BStapp%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; biological control; toxins; transgenic plants; genes; gene expression; spore crystals; Pectinophora gossypiella; Gelechiidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki; Lepidoptera; Gossypium hirsutum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Nicotiana otophora as a source of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 4 for tobacco. AN - 16301401; 2811834 AB - No currently available tobacco cultivar possesses resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 4, nor has any source of resistance been reported within Nicotiana tabacum . The purpose of this study was to evaluate N. otophora acc. La Quinta as a source of resistance to this pathogen. Plants of tobacco cvs. NC 95 and NC 2326, N. otophora La Quinta and N. repanda were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. incognita race 4. The two N. tabacum cultivars were heavily galled and had numerous egg masses at both rating periods. Nicotiana repanda was only weakly resistant. The galls on this species were very small and present at a low to moderate level; however, egg-mass ratings approaching those of the tobacco cultivars were observed 8 weeks after inoculation. In contrast, low gall indices and egg-mass ratings were found for N. otophora La Quinta at both the 4- and 8-week rating periods. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Reed, S M AU - Schneider, S M AD - USDA ARS, Crops Res. Lab., P.O. Box 1168, Oxford NC 27565-1168, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 253 EP - 256 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Nicotiana otophora KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - disease resistance KW - interspecific hybridization KW - plant breeding KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W 30511:Plant breeding and aquaculture KW - G 07355:GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16301401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Nicotiana+otophora+as+a+source+of+resistance+to+Meloidogyne+incognita+race+4+for+tobacco.&rft.au=Reed%2C+S+M%3BSchneider%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nicotiana tabacum; Meloidogyne incognita; interspecific hybridization; plant breeding; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Augmentative releases of Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) to suppress California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in Southern California lemon orchards. AN - 16300102; 2818230 AB - Releases of Aphytis melinus DeBach, timed in the spring to coincide with the presence of virgin adult female California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), reduced the percentage of infested fruits at season's end in two sets of southern California lemon orchards when compared with those in nonrelease orchards. The percentage of infested fruit, however, did not differ with the level of release (i.e., 49,420, 98,840, 197,680 per hectare). Aphytis releases did not reduce scale densities on twigs or the number of male scales caught in traps baited with California red scale pheromone. These results are consistent with the known preference by Aphytis for the larger female scales that occur on leaves and fruits over the smaller male and female scales on twigs and branches. Male scales are attacked less frequently than female scales because male scales are much smaller. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Moreno, D S AU - Luck, R F AD - Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1112 EP - 1119 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Aphytis melinus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Citrus limon KW - Aonidiella aurantii KW - introduced species KW - Diaspididae KW - Coccoidea KW - orchards KW - natural enemies KW - USA, California KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Aphelinidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16300102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Augmentative+releases+of+Aphytis+melinus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29+to+suppress+California+red+scale+%28Homoptera%3A+Diaspididae%29+in+Southern+California+lemon+orchards.&rft.au=Moreno%2C+D+S%3BLuck%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - orchards; biological control; natural enemies; introduced species; Coccoidea; Citrus limon; Hymenoptera; Homoptera; Aphelinidae; Aonidiella aurantii; Diaspididae; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a colorimetric system to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of entomopathogenic fungi. AN - 16297256; 2806623 AB - An apiZYM super(TM) system, with 19 substrates, was used to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of Nomuraea rileyi (5 isolates), Nomuraea atypicola, Nomuraea anemonoides, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae . Similar enzyme profiles were obtained for two of the N. rileyi isolates (Mississippi, Ecuador) regardless of whether culture medium (Sabouraud-maltose-yeast) or cuticle (from larvae of Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis zea or Heliothis virescens ) were used as substrates. Centroid-clustering analysis revealed three distinct enzyme profiles. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control of Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 7629, Columbia, MO 65205, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 29 EP - 36 VL - 118 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - apiZYM system KW - Nomuraea atypicola KW - Nomuraea anemonoides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - spore germination KW - conidia KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - enzymes KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - API test KW - detection KW - colorimetry KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16297256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+colorimetric+system+to+detect+enzymes+expressed+by+germinating+conidia+of+entomopathogenic+fungi.&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomuraea rileyi; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; API test; colorimetry; enzymes; detection; conidia; spore germination; entomopathogenic fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of a microsporidium (Protozoa: Microspora) infecting grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in Cape Verde, Africa. AN - 16295658; 2812438 AB - A light and electron microscopic study was conducted of a microsporidium isolated from the grasshopper Pyrgomorpha cognata Krauss, 1877 collected in Santo Antao and Santiago Islands, Cape Verde. The evidence suggests that although there are some differences, such as tissues affected and size of spores, the organism appears conspecific with Nosema pyrgomorphae Toguebaye, Seck & Marchand, 1988, which was described from another species of the genus Pyrgomorpha Audinet-Serville, 1838 in Senegal. However, in addition to the differences in tissue specificity and size of spores, light microscopy studies also revealed some stages of the pathogen (uninucleate bodies and plasmodia) apparently not previously observed in N. pyrgomorphae . JF - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology AU - Lange, CA AU - Brito, J M AU - Henry, JE AD - USDA, ARS, Rangeland Insect Lab., Bozeman, MT 59717-0366, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 494 EP - 498 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0022-3921, 0022-3921 KW - Pyrgomorpha cognata KW - Nosema pyrgomorphae KW - Africa, Cape Verde KW - Cape Verde I. KW - Microspora KW - Orthoptera KW - Pyrgomorphidae KW - biological control KW - microsporidiosis KW - parasites KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W 30513:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16295658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Eukaryotic+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+a+microsporidium+%28Protozoa%3A+Microspora%29+infecting+grasshoppers+%28Orthoptera%3A+Pyrgomorphidae%29+in+Cape+Verde%2C+Africa.&rft.au=Lange%2C+CA%3BBrito%2C+J+M%3BHenry%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Eukaryotic+Microbiology&rft.issn=00223921&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microspora; Orthoptera; Pyrgomorphidae; microsporidiosis; parasites; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A versatile Giemsa protocol for permanent nuclear staining of fungi. AN - 16292921; 2808654 AB - Giemsa stain has been used successfully for many years on a large diversity of fungi with various procedures and modifications. This paper describes a protocol that allows preparation of slides for permanent nuclear staining of fungal structures with minimal fading. The procedure is useful for revealing numbers and positions of nuclei and providing tentative indications of ploidy as inferred from the numbers and sizes of nuclei within cells. It provides the capability of locating and counting nuclei in large numbers of samples especially when permanent records are required. The procedure is not as useful for determining mitotic stages, DNA content, or chromosome numbers, particularly for Basidiomycetes. JF - Mycologia AU - Wilson, AD AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Hardwoods Lab., P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 585 EP - 588 VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Giemsa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fungi KW - staining KW - nuclei KW - methodology KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16292921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=A+versatile+Giemsa+protocol+for+permanent+nuclear+staining+of+fungi.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; staining; methodology; nuclei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fifty years of recurrent selection in the Iowa stiff stalk synthetic maize population. AN - 16292546; 2811714 AB - Recurrent selection is a breeding procedure designed to increase the frequency of favorable alleles in a population. Increasing the frequency of favorable alleles will increase the probability of obtaining superior inbred lines for use in hybrids. The Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize (Zea mays L.) population has been involved in continuous recurrent selection since 1939. Thirteen cycles of selection have been completed. The first seven cycles were half-sib selection using the double-cross Iowa 13 as a tester. After completion of seven cycles of half-sib selection, the population was renamed BS13 and six cycles of S sub(2)-progeny selection were completed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of the populations per se to 13 cycles of recurrent selection. JF - Maydica AU - Lamkey, K R AD - Field Crops Res. Unit, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0025-6153, 0025-6153 KW - recurrent selection KW - Iowa stiff stalk synthetic maize KW - Zea mays KW - grain KW - yield KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - USA, Iowa KW - W 30511:Plant breeding and aquaculture KW - G 07357:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16292546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maydica&rft.atitle=Fifty+years+of+recurrent+selection+in+the+Iowa+stiff+stalk+synthetic+maize+population.&rft.au=Lamkey%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Lamkey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Maydica&rft.issn=00256153&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; USA, Iowa; grain; yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a biorational mycoinsecticide: Beauveria bassiana conidial formulation and its application against boll weevil populations (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). AN - 16291472; 2818086 AB - A formulation of a feeding substrate containing cotton products (Konsume), grandlure (boll weevil pheromone), a sticker and ultraviolet protectant (Nufilm 17), and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and entomopathogenic fungus, was developed in the laboratory for activity against the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. The formulated material was evaluated against boll weevil populations in the field in noncotton habitats, in bait stations, in the regrowth cotton, and in early season cotton against overwintered adults. Significant mortality from B. bassiana was obtained in all evaluations. When this mycoinsecticide was applied against emerging overwinterd boll weevils in 1989 and 1990, lint yields increased 74 and 113% respectively, compared with untreated controls. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Wright, JE AU - Chandler, L D AD - Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., Cotton Insects Res., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1130 EP - 1135 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - mycoinsecticides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - formulations KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - pest control KW - Anthonomus grandis grandis KW - Curculionidae KW - conidia KW - pheromones KW - pathogens KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16291472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+biorational+mycoinsecticide%3A+Beauveria+bassiana+conidial+formulation+and+its+application+against+boll+weevil+populations+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29.&rft.au=Wright%2C+JE%3BChandler%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - formulations; biological control; pest control; conidia; pheromones; pathogens; Beauveria bassiana; Coleoptera; Anthonomus grandis grandis; Curculionidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A four-component attractant for the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), from host fruit. AN - 16291447; 2811928 AB - Sixteen chemicals found in fermented chapote fruit odor were evaluated as attractants for hungry adult Mexican fruit flies. Ethyl octanoate, ethyl benzoate, terpinyl acetate, ethyl salicylate, and (-)- alpha -copaene proved slightly attractive. Several of the chemicals also were tested for their ability to increase the attractiveness of the previously developed chapote-derived attractant (CEH) consisting of 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, and hexanol. Combinations containing CEH with ethyl octanoate, ethyl benzoate, 4-terpineol, (-)- alpha -cubebene, or alpha -terpineol were significantly more attractive than CEH alone. The two most attractive four-component combinations were ethyl octanoate with CEH (CEHO) and ehyl benzoate with CEH. No combinations containing greater numbers of chemicals were significantly more attractive than CEHO. Therefore, CEHO was selected for further study in this paper. Of CEHO component ratios that were tested, the most attractive was 10:1:1:100 for the chemicals 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, hexanol, and ethyl octanoate, respectively. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Warfield, W C AU - Flath, R A AD - Crop Qual. and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1239 EP - 1254 VL - 18 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - fruits KW - host plants KW - Tephritidae KW - pheromone traps KW - Diptera KW - attractants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16291447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+four-component+attractant+for+the+Mexican+fruit+fly%2C+Anastrepha+ludens+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29%2C+from+host+fruit.&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BWarfield%2C+W+C%3BFlath%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; attractants; host plants; fruits; pheromone traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire ant mound densities in the United States and Brazil (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). AN - 16289982; 2806508 AB - To compare fire ant populations (Solenopsis ) in North and South America, we surveyed 102 preselected roadside sites, half in the southeastern United States and half in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Fire ants were considerably more abundant in the United States. They occurred at more sites (100 versus 70%), in higher densities (170 versus 30 mounds/ha), in larger mounds (27.0 versus 13.8 liters), and they constituted a larger fraction of the local ant community (97 versus 13% of occupied baits). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that North American populations of S. invicta have escaped natural biological control; however, cultural and climatic factors are also likely explanations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Porter, S D AU - Fowler, H G AU - Mackay, W P AD - USDA-ARS Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1154 EP - 1161 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - environmental factors KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - anthills KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - USA KW - Brazil KW - natural enemies KW - Hymenoptera KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Fire+ant+mound+densities+in+the+United+States+and+Brazil+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29.&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D%3BFowler%2C+H+G%3BMackay%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; USA; Brazil; population density; anthills; natural enemies; environmental factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Odors influence choice of oviposition sites by Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). AN - 16289311; 2816866 AB - Female Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte were allowed to choose between oviposition substrates that were and those that were not associated with potential sources of semiochemicals. Females deposited over five times more eggs on moist towelettes that were treated with homogenates of female abdomens than on towelettes treated with distilled water. Similar results were obtained when screening separated the homogenates from the towelettes, indicating that odors alone could elicit the response. In contrast, females did not choose towelettes that had previously been used for oviposition or towelettes containing eggs over unused towelettes. Further tests with homogenates of abdomens and a bacteriostatic agent (sorbate) indicated that the females were probably responding to bacterial odors rather than an oviposition-enhancing pheromone. Four strains of bacteria were isolated from a homogenate of female abdomens; females deposited 4 to 16 times more eggs on substrates with odors of bacteria than on substrates with odors of uninoculated nutrient agar. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Lance AD - USDA-APHIS, Fruit Fly Mass Rearing Facil., 41-650 Ahiki St., Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1227 EP - 1238 VL - 18 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - semiochemicals KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Coleoptera KW - pheromones KW - oviposition KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Odors+influence+choice+of+oviposition+sites+by+Diabrotica+virgifera+virgifera+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29.&rft.au=Lance&rft.aulast=Lance&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; pheromones; semiochemicals; oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aerially applied Gypchek on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in Maryland woodlots. AN - 16287583; 2811990 AB - Moderate to high density gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., populations in eastern and northern Maryland were aerially treated with the nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek. A tank mix containing Orzan LS (6% wt/vol) as a sunlight protectant, Pro Mo liquid supplement (12.5% by vol) as a feeding stimulant and humectant, and Rhoplex B60A (2% by vol) as a sticker was applied twice to nine woodlots at the rate of 18.7 liters and 1.25 x 10 super(12) polyhedral inclusion bodies per ha per application. Compared with numbers in control woodlots, this rate reduced numbers of egg masses by 98% in eastern Maryland, and by 80% in northern Maryland. Differences in defoliation between sprayed and control woodlots in either area were not significant. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Podgwaite, J D AU - Reardon, R C AU - Walton, G S AU - Venables, L AU - Kolodny-Hirsch, D M AD - Cent. Biol. Control Northeast. Forest Insects and Dis., USDA-FS, 51 Mill Pond Rd., Hamden, CT 06514, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1136 EP - 1139 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - nucleopolyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Lymantriidae KW - biological control KW - forests KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Maryland KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16287583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aerially+applied+Gypchek+on+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+populations+in+Maryland+woodlots.&rft.au=Podgwaite%2C+J+D%3BReardon%2C+R+C%3BWalton%2C+G+S%3BVenables%2C+L%3BKolodny-Hirsch%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Podgwaite&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; USA, Maryland; biological control; forests ER - TY - CONF T1 - Problems and strategies associated with long-term use of nematode resistant cultivars. AN - 16284614; 2811776 AB - Plant-parasitic nematodes are obligate parasites, and planting cultivars that are highly resistant to these organisms places extensive selection pressure on the target species and affects nontarget nematodes as well. Problems encountered with long-term planting of cultivars resistant to nematodes include shifts in nematode races or species and the occurrence of multiple species of nematodes within the same field. These problems can be alleviated to some extent when crop management is used to lessen the selection pressure for change on the nematode populations. Race shifts within populations and possibly shifts between nematode species can be delayed by rotating susceptible cultivars and nonhost crops with resistant cultivars. Some cultivars have resistance to multiple species of nematodes, but greatly increased research effort is needed in this area. More intensive plant breeding effort will be required to make nematode resistant cultivars competitive in quality and yield with more productive, susceptible cultivars. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Young, L D Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 228 EP - 233 VL - 24 IS - 2 KW - Nematoda KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - cultivars KW - disease resistance KW - host-parasite interactions KW - long-term effects KW - plant breeding KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W 30511:Plant breeding and aquaculture KW - G 07355:GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16284614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Problems+and+strategies+associated+with+long-term+use+of+nematode+resistant+cultivars.&rft.au=Young%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining effective study area size from marked and harvested wild turkey gobblers. AN - 16283873; 2808962 AB - Study area boundaries often are delineated by subjective methods without considering animal movements and behavior and may result in inaccurate density estimates and incorrect research conclusions. Consequently, we delineated study area boundaries for use with capture-recapture models to calculate density estimates of wild turkey gobblers (Meleagris gallopavo ). From Jan to Mar, 1984-1989, 189 gobblers were captured by cannon-net or drug at 38 permanent bait sites in central Mississippi. Fifty-six marked gobblers were harvested from 17-19 Mar to 1 May 1984-1989. As distance from bait sites increased, proportion of unmarked-gobblers to marked gobblers increased. When the population estimate did not change (P > 0.05), the asymptotic radius was 7.4 km with a corresponding study area size of 17,343 ha. Density estimates ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 gobblers/km super(2) and averaged 0.9 gobblers/km super(2). Our data suggest that density estimates ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 gobblers/km super(2) and averaged 0.9 gobblers/km super(2). Our data suggest that density estimates may be inflated when animals that have emigrated or were using only the periphery of the study area are considered residents. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Lint, J R AU - Leopold, B D AU - Hurst, G A AU - Hamrick, W J AD - USDA Forest Serv., 450 Highw. 46, Heflin, AL 36264, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 556 EP - 562 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - territorial behaviour KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - population density KW - harvesting KW - Meleagris gallopavo KW - USA, Mississippi KW - capture-recapture studies KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16283873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Determining+effective+study+area+size+from+marked+and+harvested+wild+turkey+gobblers.&rft.au=Lint%2C+J+R%3BLeopold%2C+B+D%3BHurst%2C+G+A%3BHamrick%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Lint&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo; USA, Mississippi; capture-recapture studies; models; population density; harvesting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of surface coal mining on three Ohio watersheds -- Physical conditions and ground-water hydrology. AN - 16283620; 2808274 AB - A study was conducted over a six-year period in East-Central Ohio to determine the effects of surface mining and reclamation on physical watershed conditions and on ground-water hydrology in three ground-water zones in three small experimental watersheds. Mining disturbances in watersheds adjacent to the experimental sites affected ground-water levels in the undisturbed experimental watersheds prior to actual mining in the experimental sites. New subsurface flow paths, with different characteristics, formed during mining and reclamation. At all three sites mining dewatered the saturated zone above the underclay of the mined coal seam. Mining and reclamation affected ground-water levels below the mined coal seam in the middle and lower zones within at least two sites. Ground-water level recovery in the mined upper saturated zone was slow and irregular both temporally and spatially after reclamation. Hydraulic conductivities of postmining (Phase 3) spoil were generally greater than those of Phase 1 bedrock, but wide spatial variability was observed. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Bonta, J V AU - Amerman, C R AU - Dick, WA AU - Hall, G F AU - Harlukowicz, T J AU - Razem, A C AU - Smeck, N E AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 478, Coshocton, Oh 43812, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 577 EP - 596 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Ohio KW - ground water KW - groundwater KW - physical properties KW - reclamation KW - water levels KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - mining KW - environmental impact KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - coal KW - water analysis KW - USA, Ohio KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16283620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Impact+of+surface+coal+mining+on+three+Ohio+watersheds+--+Physical+conditions+and+ground-water+hydrology.&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BAmerman%2C+C+R%3BDick%2C+WA%3BHall%2C+G+F%3BHarlukowicz%2C+T+J%3BRazem%2C+A+C%3BSmeck%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; mining; physical properties; water levels; coal; environmental impact; reclamation; watersheds; water analysis; ground water; groundwater; USA, Ohio; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of Calyptodesmus sanctus (Diplopoda: Pyrgodesmidae) a facultative myrmecophile introduced into the United States. AN - 16277722; 2802845 AB - The introduced millipede Calyptodesmus sanctus Schubart was collected in active nests of Pheidole crassicornis Emery, P. dentata Mayr, P. floridana Emery, P. lamia Wheeler, P. metallescens Emery, P. moerens Wheeler, Solenopsis geminata (F.), S. invicta Buren, Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola), Cyphomyrmex sp. and Camponotus floridanus (Buckley) as well as in abandoned S. geminata mounds, rotten logs, leaf litter, and pitfall traps in Florida and Georgia. Field and laboratory observations indicate that this millipede is a facultative myrmecophile with no preference for any specific host. Laboratory studies using super(32)Phosphorus demonstrate feeding on dead ants, indicating it is a scavenger. The millipedes also ate organic materials in the laboratory. The use of a defensive secretion is described. Collection data indicate that this millipede is relatively common in Florida and Georgia, but has a patchy distribution. JF - Sociobiology AU - Wojcik, D P AU - Naves, MA AD - USDA-ARS, Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 77 EP - 79 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0361-6525, 0361-6525 KW - behaviour KW - Calyptodesmus sanctus KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Formicidae KW - myrmecophily KW - Pyrgodesmidae KW - Diplopoda KW - introduced species KW - USA, southeast KW - Hymenoptera KW - Y 25502:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general KW - Z 05200:Symbiosis & commensalism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16277722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Calyptodesmus+sanctus+%28Diplopoda%3A+Pyrgodesmidae%29+a+facultative+myrmecophile+introduced+into+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wojcik%2C+D+P%3BNaves%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Wojcik&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociobiology&rft.issn=03616525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Hymenoptera; Diplopoda; Pyrgodesmidae; USA, southeast; myrmecophily; introduced species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of naturally elaborated blebs from serum-susceptible and serum-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae . AN - 16273748; 2788445 AB - Outer-membrane blebs from two serum-susceptible and two serum-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were characterized. In general, bleb surfaces resembled cell surfaces, but there were qualitative and quantitative protein differences in blebs released by serum-susceptible and serum-resistant strains. Relative to blebs from serum-resistant strains, blebs from serum-susceptible strains expressed reduced amounts of major outer-membrane proteins I and III, and little if any 68,000 Dalton outer-membrane protein. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Pettit, R K AU - Judd, R C AD - USDA, ARS, NADC, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 723 EP - 728 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - protein I KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cell surface KW - outer membranes KW - radioactive labelling KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16273748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+naturally+elaborated+blebs+from+serum-susceptible+and+serum-resistant+strains+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+.&rft.au=Pettit%2C+R+K%3BJudd%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Pettit&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria gonorrhoeae; outer membranes; radioactive labelling; cell surface ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A semi-defined medium for culturing Nomuraea rileyi . AN - 16268335; 2804002 AB - A semi-defined medium was successfully used to culture several natural and mutant isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi . The medium contains only two complex ingredients at very low levels, yet permits germination and mycelial growth of N. rileyi . The medium also facilitates recovery and detection of hydrolytic enzymes. Use of the formulation could simplify nutritional, biochemical and physiological studies with N. rileyi and also might be used to culture other entomopathogenic fungi. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control, Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65205, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 163 EP - 165 VL - 118 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - spore germination KW - media (culture) KW - mycelia KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - growth KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16268335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=A+semi-defined+medium+for+culturing+Nomuraea+rileyi+.&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomuraea rileyi; media (culture); mycelia; growth; spore germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male-specific tetraene and triene hydrocarbons of Carpophilus hemipterus : Structure and pheromonal activity. AN - 16265673; 2797175 AB - Males of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), the dried-fruit beetle, (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) were found to emit nine all-E tetraene and one all-E triene hydrocarbons in addition to two pheromonally active tetraenes that had been reported previously. The previously known compounds are (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene (1) and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene. The new tetraenes were all related to structure 1 by having one additional carbon at either one or two of the following four locations: at carbon 1 of the chain, at carbon 10 of the chain, at the 5-alkyl branch, or at the 7-alkyl branch. All structures were proven by synthesis, with NMR and mass spectral data for the compounds provided. Two of the newly discovered compounds, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene, were quite active in the wind-tunnel bioassay, but others, such as (2E,4E,6E,8E)-5-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-4,6,8-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene were not. Structure-activity relationships are explored among the natural compounds and additional, synthetic analogs, which were never detected from the beetles. Some of these analogs, such as (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5-dimethyl-7-propyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene, were quite active in the bioassay. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Weisleder, D AU - Dowd, P F AU - Plattner, R D AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 379 EP - 402 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical composition KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - males KW - Carpophilus hemipterus KW - aggregation pheromone KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16265673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Male-specific+tetraene+and+triene+hydrocarbons+of+Carpophilus+hemipterus+%3A+Structure+and+pheromonal+activity.&rft.au=Bartelt%2C+R+J%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BDowd%2C+P+F%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Bartelt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carpophilus hemipterus; Nitidulidae; Coleoptera; aggregation pheromone; males; chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foothill oak woodlands of the interior valleys of southwestern Oregon. AN - 16262413; 2796801 AB - We describe the vegetation of the Oregon white oak woodlands found on foothills in the interior valleys of southwestern Oregon. Reconnaissance plots were used to sample the vegetation. Cluster and gradient analyses were used to identify community types. Examine relationships between community types, and relate community composition composition to the environment. Five community types were recognized from a data set of 53 plots. Four of these community types were ordered along a precipitation gradient, while the fifth occurred on ridge lines and rock outcrops. Floristic composition and structure of these woodlands have been disturbed by fire suppression, livestock grazing, introduction of alien species, and firewood harvest. Without changes in land management, the oak woodlands characteristic of southern Oregon will diminish. JF - Northwest Science AU - Riegel, G M AU - Smith, B G AU - Franklin, J F AD - USDA Forest Serv., Silvicult. Lab., 1027 NW Trenton Ave., Bend, OR 97701, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 66 EP - 76 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - hills KW - Quercus garryana KW - valleys KW - community structure KW - USA, Oregon KW - land use KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16262413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Foothill+oak+woodlands+of+the+interior+valleys+of+southwestern+Oregon.&rft.au=Riegel%2C+G+M%3BSmith%2C+B+G%3BFranklin%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Riegel&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus garryana; USA, Oregon; forests; hills; valleys; community structure; land use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of permethrin on aquatic organisms in a freshwater stream in south-central Alaska. AN - 16259482; 2784779 AB - Permethrin (0.5%) was applied to individual Lutz spruce, Picea x lutzii Little, to protect them from attack by spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby). Residue levels were monitored in a freshwater stream above, adjacent to, and below the treatment site at intervals before, during, and after treatment. Maximum residue levels in the stream within the treatment site ranged from 0.05 plus or minus 0.01 ppb 5 h after treatment to 0.14 plus or minus 0.03 ppb 8-11 h after treatment, with a decrease to 0.02 plus or minus 0.01 ppb 14 h after treatment. Levels of permethrin in standing pools near the stream within the treatment site were 0.01 plus or minus 0.01 ppb. Numbers of drifting aquatic invertebrates increased 2-fold during treatment insects did not appear to respond to treatments because none was found in stream drift samples. Trout fry (Dolly Varden), aquatic insect larvae, and periphyton (attached algae) within and below the treatment site during and after treatment did not show signs of mortality compared with an upstream untreated control site. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Werner, R A AU - Hilgert, J W AD - Inst. Northern For., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., USDA, Forest Serv., Fairbanks, AK 99775-5500, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 860 EP - 864 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - nontarget organisms KW - permethrin KW - pesticide residues KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - insecticides KW - freshwater organisms KW - aquatic animals KW - Freshwater KW - environmental effects KW - toxicity KW - Insecta KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16259482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+permethrin+on+aquatic+organisms+in+a+freshwater+stream+in+south-central+Alaska.&rft.au=Werner%2C+R+A%3BHilgert%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; freshwater organisms; toxicity; aquatic animals; environmental effects; pesticide residues; nontarget organisms; Insecta; USA, Alaska; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interaction of naturally elaborated blebs from serum-susceptible and serum-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with normal human serum. AN - 16257339; 2788463 AB - We studied the interaction of normal human serum immunoglobulins with outer-membrane bleb antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Gonococcal 68,000 Dalton and Lip (H.8 antigen) outer-membrane proteins were recognized by normal human serum immunoglobulins in blebs from serum-resistant strains, but not in blebs from serum-susceptible strains. Our results indicate that blebs from two serum-resistant gonococcal strains have an enhanced ability to bind and remove cell-targeted bactericidal factors, and that outer-membrane blebbing may contribute to serum resistance. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Pettit, R K AU - Judd, R C AD - USDA, ARS, NADC, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 729 EP - 734 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - membranes KW - immunoglobulins KW - serum levels KW - gonorrhea KW - immunoblotting KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16257339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+interaction+of+naturally+elaborated+blebs+from+serum-susceptible+and+serum-resistant+strains+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+with+normal+human+serum.&rft.au=Pettit%2C+R+K%3BJudd%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Pettit&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria gonorrhoeae; serum levels; monoclonal antibodies; immunoglobulins; membranes; immunoblotting; gonorrhea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nematicidal toxin from Pleurotus ostreatus NRRL 3526. AN - 16253498; 2781880 AB - A nematicidal toxin was purified from Pleurotus ostreatus NRRL 3526 grown on moistened, autoclaved wheat straw for 30 days at room temperature (21-33 degree C). The active compound, at a concentration of 300 ppm, immobilized 95% of test nematodes (Panagrellus redivivus ) within 1 hr. Immobilized nematodes did not recover, even after being rinsed with deionized water. The toxin was identified as trans-2-decenedioic acid. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kwok, OCH AU - Plattner, R AU - Weisleder, D AU - Wicklow, D T AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv. Midwest Area, 1815 North University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 127 EP - 136 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Panagrellus redivivus KW - Pleurotus ostreatus KW - biological control KW - nematocides KW - toxins KW - Ecology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - D 04656:Nematodes KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16253498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+nematicidal+toxin+from+Pleurotus+ostreatus+NRRL+3526.&rft.au=Kwok%2C+OCH%3BPlattner%2C+R%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BWicklow%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Kwok&rft.aufirst=OCH&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pleurotus ostreatus; Panagrellus redivivus; toxins; nematocides; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autodissemination of a baculovirus for management of tobacco budworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tobacco. AN - 16252733; 2779226 AB - An autodissemination technique for control of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was tested for 2 yr in tobacco fields in Kentucky and North Carolina. We used pheromone-baited traps to attract male moths into contamination stations, where they were forced to crawl through a powder formulation of a baculovirus, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). After they were contaminated with Ac-NPV powder, males escaped back to the field. When males mated with wild females, they transferred some of the AcNPV powder to females, which in turn surface-contaminated their eggs. When larvae chewed through the egg chorion, some of them ingested enough viral polyhedra to become lethally infected. Tests of this autodissemination technique in the field required measurements of contamination rates of males, eggs, and larvae. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Jackson, D M AU - Brown, G C AU - Nordin, G L AU - Johnson, D W AD - Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Oxford, NC 27565, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 710 EP - 719 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Lepidoptera KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Noctuidae KW - biological control KW - dissemination KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16252733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Autodissemination+of+a+baculovirus+for+management+of+tobacco+budworms+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+on+tobacco.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+D+M%3BBrown%2C+G+C%3BNordin%2C+G+L%3BJohnson%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=710&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Nicotiana tabacum; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; biological control; dissemination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lepidoptera outbreaks in response to successional changes after the passage of Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico. AN - 16251933; 2777514 AB - Fifteen species of Lepidoptera occurred in large numbers in spring and early summer after the passage of Hurricane Hugo over the north-east of Puerto Rico. Spodoptera eridania (Noctuidae) was the most common of the larvae and fed on 56 plant species belonging to 31 families. All the Lepidoptera fed on early successional vegetation. Some of the plants represent new host plants for these species. The outbreaks appeared to be based on the flush of new foliage that developed in the Luquillo Mountains after the passage of the hurricane. The end of the S. eridania outbreak was concurrent with the consumption of its preferred host plants and to an apparent increment in parasitism by ichneumonids (Hymenoptera). Parasitism by tachinids (Diptera) may have contributed to the reduction in abundance of other Lepidoptera species that were temporarily very abundant. Natural enemies of S. eridania were recorded for the first time in Puerto Rico. JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology AU - Torres, JA AD - Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras 00928-2500, Puerto Rico Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 285 EP - 298 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0266-4674, 0266-4674 KW - Puerto Rico, Luquillo Mts. KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - succession KW - population growth KW - vegetation KW - hurricanes KW - Lepidoptera KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Lepidoptera+outbreaks+in+response+to+successional+changes+after+the+passage+of+Hurricane+Hugo+in+Puerto+Rico.&rft.au=Torres%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.issn=02664674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; population growth; vegetation; succession; hurricanes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with augmentative releases of predaceous stinkbugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). AN - 16246929; 2783280 AB - Field cage tests in 1987 established that releases of 5-10 Perillus bioculatus (F.) and Podisus maculiventris (Say) per plant were able to reduce high density populations ( approximately equals 450 per plant) of Colorado potato beetle by approximately equals 50%. P. bioculatus provided greater foliage protection than P. maculiventris . In 1988, in similar cage tests, P. bioculatus released at rates of 2-8 per plant reduced Colorado potato beetle densities of approximately equals 100 per plant by approximately equals 8.5% per predator released. Field plot tests in 1988 confirmed cage results with P. bioculatus and demonstrated that 1 and 3 predators per plant suppressed populations of Colorado potato beetle by 30 and 62%, respectively. Three P. bioculatus per plant significantly reduced defoliation and increased yield 65% over the untreated control. Progeny production of a laboratory colony of P. bioculatus maintained on Trichoplusia ni (Huebner) larvae was equivalent to that for a colony maintained on Colorado potato beetle larvae. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Biever, K D AU - Chauvin, R L AD - Fruit and Veg. Insect Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 720 EP - 726 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Leptinotorsa decemlineata KW - Heteroptera KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Pentatomidae KW - Perillus bioculatus KW - biological control KW - predation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16246929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+the+Colorado+potato+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+with+augmentative+releases+of+predaceous+stinkbugs+%28Hemiptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29.&rft.au=Biever%2C+K+D%3BChauvin%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Biever&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Perillus bioculatus; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Pentatomidae; predation; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of flavonoids in Gossypium arboreum (L.) cottons as potential source of resistance to tobacco budworm. AN - 16246492; 2781531 AB - Asiatic cottons (Gossypium arboreum (L.)) have been investigated as a source of resistance to the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (Fab.)) because their diversely colored petals have been presumed to contain various allelochemicals. However, we found that larvae fed G. arboreum squares (buds) grew about equally compared with those fed squares from commercial G. hirsutum lines. The best source of resistance was found in several G. hirsutum double-haploid (DH) lines. In our investigation of allelochemicals, G. arboreum lines were found to contain much less gossypol in leaves, squares (buds), and petals than G. hirsutum L. lines. Flavonoids were significantly higher in G. arboreum lines only in petals. Of 22 G. arboreum lines from which squares were gathered and fed to tobacco budworm (TBW) larvae in the laboratory, larval growth was not significantly decreased on any, but larval survival was decreased on six. When the square flavonoids were isolated and incorporated in laboratory diets for the TBW, moderate toxicity was observed. However, th estimated toxicities were not greater than those of the same flavonoid isolates from G. hirsutum lines. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hedin, P A AU - Jenkins, J N AU - Parrott, W L AD - Crop Sci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 105 EP - 114 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - flavonoids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Gossypium arboreum KW - Lepidoptera KW - pest resistance KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16246492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+flavonoids+in+Gossypium+arboreum+%28L.%29+cottons+as+potential+source+of+resistance+to+tobacco+budworm.&rft.au=Hedin%2C+P+A%3BJenkins%2C+J+N%3BParrott%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Hedin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Gossypium arboreum; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; pest resistance; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of rats to compare atrophic rhinitis vaccines for protection against effects of heat-labile protein toxin produced by Pasteurella multocida serogroup D. AN - 16246316; 2773828 AB - Four bacterin-toxoid and three bacterin commercial vaccines against atrophic rhinitis were tested in rats for their capacity to immunize against the lethal and systemic effects of purified heat-labile protein toxin (D-toxin) produced by Pasteurella multocida serogroup D. Only one bacterin-toxoid vaccine stimulated sufficient immunity of prevent the death of all rats challenged with D-toxin. None of the vaccines prevented weight loss, leukocytosis or increases in serum complement titers in rats challenged with D-toxin. Rats provide an inexpensive animal model for testing the capacity of vaccines to generate antitoxic immunity against the lethal and systemic effects of D-toxin. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Thurston, J R AU - Rimler, R B AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Cheville, N F AD - Avian Dis. Res. Unit, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 155 EP - 162 VL - 33 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - D-toxin KW - bacterin KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - toxoids KW - specificity KW - immunity KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16246316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+rats+to+compare+atrophic+rhinitis+vaccines+for+protection+against+effects+of+heat-labile+protein+toxin+produced+by+Pasteurella+multocida+serogroup+D.&rft.au=Thurston%2C+J+R%3BRimler%2C+R+B%3BAckermann%2C+M+R%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; specificity; immunity; toxoids; vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and occurrence of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of Artogeia rapae in Washington and Oregon. AN - 16245682; 2780027 AB - Cotesia (= Apanteles) rubecula Marshall, a solitary endoparasite of the imported cabbageworm, Artogeia (= Pieris) rapae (L.), known to occur in British Columbia, Canada, since 1963, was first found in the United States (Yakima, Washington) in 1984. Distribution and parasitism levels were recorded for this parasite from 1985 through 1988 at selected sites in Washington and Oregon; it was recovered at 12 of 16 locations. In Washington, it was recorded at all nine locations where surveys were made. It was recovered at two locations in northern Oregon and one in west-central Oregon, but was not recovered at four locations south of Corvallis, Oreg. Maximum parasitism in Washington ranged from 19 to 100% and occurred toward the end of the growing season. Levels of parasitism by C. rubecula were lower in Oregon, and 50% was the highest level recorded (Hermiston and Hillsboro). Distribution of C. rubecula is discussed in relation to that of C. glomerata . JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Biever, K D AD - Fruit and Veg. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 739 EP - 742 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Cotesia rubecula KW - biological control KW - Artogeia rapae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Braconidae KW - parasitism KW - USA, Northwest KW - Hymenoptera KW - population status KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16245682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+occurrence+of+Cotesia+rubecula+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%2C+a+parasite+of+Artogeia+rapae+in+Washington+and+Oregon.&rft.au=Biever%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Biever&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cotesia rubecula; Artogeia rapae; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Lepidoptera; USA, Northwest; parasitism; biological control; population status ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of control of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae with steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes. AN - 16243615; 2783265 AB - Field tests were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate control of Japanese beetle larvae, Popillia japonica Newman, in turfgrass plots by heterorhabditid and steinernematid nematodes. No adverse effects on nontarget organisms (mites or collembola) were observed 28 d after treatments with any of the nematodes. Our data show that nematodes reproduce in Japanese beetle larvae, survive in the field in turfgrass, and have an influence on target hosts for a longer period of time than previously demonstrated. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Klein, M G AU - Georgis, R AD - Hortic. Insects Res. Lab., Appl. Technol. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Ohio Agric. Res. and Dev. Cent., Wooster, OH 44691, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 727 EP - 730 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - Heterorhabditidae KW - Popillia japonica KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Steinernematidae KW - biological control KW - field trials KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+control+of+Japanese+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scarabaeidae%29+larvae+with+steinernematid+and+heterorhabditid+nematodes.&rft.au=Klein%2C+M+G%3BGeorgis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Popillia japonica; Steinernematidae; Heterorhabditidae; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae; biological control; field trials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural sinks of CO sub(2) conclusions, key findings and research recommendations from the Palmas Del Mar workshop. AN - 16241693; 2766670 AB - This paper documents the conclusion, key findings and research recommendations from the Natural Sinks of CO sub(2) Workshop held in Palmas Del Mar, Puerto Rico during 24-27 February 1992. Also presented are some preliminary estimates of actual and potential carbon sinks in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Lugo, A E AU - Wisniewski, J AD - Inst. Trop. For. USDA For. Serv., Southern For. Exp. Stn., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928-2500 Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 455 EP - 459 VL - 64 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Brackish KW - conferences KW - carbon cycle KW - Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico KW - aquatic environment KW - carbon dioxide KW - fate KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - Q1 08106:Conferences and other meetings KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - O 8050:Conferences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Natural+sinks+of+CO+sub%282%29+conclusions%2C+key+findings+and+research+recommendations+from+the+Palmas+Del+Mar+workshop.&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BWisniewski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Natural sinks of CO sub(2). N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conferences; carbon cycle; aquatic environment; fate; carbon dioxide; Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of neutrophil function in BCG-treated and non-treated swine after exposure to Salmonella typhimurium . AN - 16241684; 2773843 AB - Salmonella typhimurium infection in swine causes an enterocolitis followed by a persistent carrier state, but little is known about the mechanisms that allow this organism to colonize and persist in host tissues. Neutrophils provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium . The purpose of this study was to evaluate porcine neutrophil function after in vivo exposure to Salmonella and to determine if the immunomodulator, bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), exerts any effect on neutrophil function or on the colonization and persistence of S. typhimurium in the pig. The data suggest that S. typhimurium infection causes a depression in oxidative metabolism and motility, yet an increase in overall bactericidal activity against S. typhimurium in circulating porcine neutrophils. It also appears that BCG treatment, as reported here, does not enhance resistance of pigs to S. typhimurium colonization or reduce the number of persistent organisms in the porcine ileum. JF - VET. IMMUNOL. IMMUNOPAHTOL. AU - Coe, N E AU - Frank, DE AU - Wood, R L AU - Roth, JA AD - Biol. Bacteriol. Lab., Natl. Vet. Sci. Lab., USDA-APHIS, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 37 EP - 50 VL - 33 IS - 1-2 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - function KW - BCG KW - infection KW - immunoregulation KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VET.+IMMUNOL.+IMMUNOPAHTOL.&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+neutrophil+function+in+BCG-treated+and+non-treated+swine+after+exposure+to+Salmonella+typhimurium+.&rft.au=Coe%2C+N+E%3BFrank%2C+DE%3BWood%2C+R+L%3BRoth%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Coe&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=VET.+IMMUNOL.+IMMUNOPAHTOL.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; leukocytes (neutrophilic); function; BCG; immunoregulation; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of methods to extract ergosterol for quantitation of soil fungal biomass. AN - 16239850; 2767067 AB - Two methods were evaluated to extract ergosterol for quantitation of fungal biomass in Marshan, Zurich, and Batavia soils. Yields of ergosterol from hyphae and from fungal-colonized soil were greater when fungal tissue was extracted with an alkaline solvent mixture than when base was added to neutral extracts following removal of solids. A lyophilization treatment prior to extraction increased yields from Marshan but not from Zurich and Batavia soils. Losses of ergosterol during lyophilization were prevented by a rapid freezing treatment before lyophilization of soil samples. Recoveries from soil fortified with pure ergosterol did not accurately model recoveries from fungal tissue in these substrates. Thus, determinations of extraction efficiencies should be based upon recoveries from fungal tissues added to soils. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Davis, M W AU - Lamar, R T AD - Inst. Microb. and Biochem. Technol., USDA For. Serv., Prod. Lab., 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 189 EP - 198 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - ergosterol KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - soil types KW - biomass KW - extraction KW - measurement KW - fungi KW - soil microorganisms KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - D 04600:Soil KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+methods+to+extract+ergosterol+for+quantitation+of+soil+fungal+biomass.&rft.au=Davis%2C+M+W%3BLamar%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil microorganisms; fungi; biomass; measurement; extraction; soil types ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reexamination of the polymeric distributions of Kappa -casein isolated from bovine milk. AN - 16239736; 2768482 AB - Kappa -Casein the stabilizing protein of the colloidal milk protein complex was purified from bovine skim milk by the method of McKenzie and Wake. The preparations were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of a reducing agent. In the presence of a reducing agent, the Kappa -casein migrates as a single low molecular weight band. However, in the absence of a reducing agent, a characteristic pattern of aggregates of varying molecular weight was observed with components ranging from monomer to octamer in integer steps. Densitometry of the Coomassie blue stained gels showed an almost equal distribution of components in each band; carbohydrate staining showed preferential location of sugar residues in lower molecular weight components. Treatment with chymosin (rennin) caused a downward shift in apparent molecular weight for each band with no change in the relative intensity of the Coomassie blue stained bands. JF - Journal of Protein Chemistry AU - Groves, M L AU - Dower, HJ AU - Farrell, HM Jr AD - USDA, ARS, East. Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 21 EP - 28 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0277-8033, 0277-8033 KW - Kappa -casein KW - cattle KW - distribution KW - milk KW - polymers KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Protein+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Reexamination+of+the+polymeric+distributions+of+Kappa+-casein+isolated+from+bovine+milk.&rft.au=Groves%2C+M+L%3BDower%2C+HJ%3BFarrell%2C+HM+Jr&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Protein+Chemistry&rft.issn=02778033&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of the imported willow leaf beetle to Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego on poplar and willow. AN - 16237275; 2781441 AB - The imported willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a multivoltine defoliator of willow and poplar (Salicaceae), is considered a significant pest throughout eastern North America. Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego , a coleopteran-toxic isolate, is the active ingredient of M-One insecticide (Mycogen Corp., San Diego, CA). This note reports the comparative median lethal concentrations for larval and adult P. versicolora treated with M-One on the foliage of willow and poplar. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Bauer, L S AD - USDA For. Serv., North Cent. For Exp. Stn., Michigan State Univ., Pestic. Res. Cent., 1407 S. Harrison Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 330 EP - 331 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - bioinsecticides KW - subsp.san diego KW - Bacillus thuringiensis san diego KW - Plagiodera versicolora KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Coleoptera KW - biological control KW - larvae KW - lethality KW - toxicity KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W 30513:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Response+of+the+imported+willow+leaf+beetle+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis+var.+san+diego+on+poplar+and+willow.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; toxicity; lethality; larvae; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stem nematode-Fusarium wilt complex in alfalfa as related to irrigation management at harvest time. AN - 16236161; 2769964 AB - A high moisture level in the top 10 cm of soil at time of cutting of alfalfa increased the incidence of plant mortality and Fusarium wilt in soil infested with Ditylenchus dipsaci and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis in greenhouse and field microplot studies. Ranger alfalfa, susceptible to both D. dipsaci and F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis , was less persistent than Moapa 69 (nematode susceptible and Fusarium wilt resistant) and Lahontan alfalfa (nematode resistant with low Fusarium wilt resistance). Low soil moisture at time of cutting negated the effect of D. dipsaci on plant persistence and growth of subsequent cuttings, and reduced Fusarium wilt of plants in the nematode-fungus treatment; shoot weights were 75%, 90%, and 74% of uninoculated controls for Ranger, Moapa 69, and Lahontan. Similar results were obtained in the field microplot study, and stand persistence and shoot weights were less in nematode + fungus-infested soil at the high soil-moisture level (early irrigation) than at the low soil-moisture level (late irrigation). JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Griffin, G D AD - USDA ARS, Forage and Range Res. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 315 EP - 320 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - f.sp.medicaginis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - soil moisture KW - interaction KW - irrigation KW - wilt KW - Ditylenchus dipsaci KW - Medicago sativa KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16236161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Stem+nematode-Fusarium+wilt+complex+in+alfalfa+as+related+to+irrigation+management+at+harvest+time.&rft.au=Griffin%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Ditylenchus dipsaci; Medicago sativa; wilt; interaction; irrigation; soil moisture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The life-system approach: A system paradigm in population ecology. AN - 16235019; 2765118 AB - The life-system concept is a promising theoretical base for the system's approach to population ecology. A revision of the principles of this concept is proposed. To explain population dynamics I examine how quantitative characteristics of its pattern depend on the structure of the life-system. Two aspects of regulation in populations are distinguished: m- and v-stability. The first concerns the stability of the mean value of population density, while the second concerns the stability of density variance. They are characterized by coefficients of m- and v-stability. The contribution of ecological processes and their interactions to these coefficients represents their regulative role in population dynamics. The importance of process interactions is demonstrated using a simulation model of the common pine sawfly Diprion pini L. The life-system approach is useful for population management as well. Principles of safety and optimization provide a powerful network for selecting the best control strategy taking into account environmental uncertainty and long-term consequences of applied measures. JF - Oikos AU - Sharov, A A AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 485 EP - 494 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - life system KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - Diprionidae KW - population ecology KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diprion pini KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16235019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=The+life-system+approach%3A+A+system+paradigm+in+population+ecology.&rft.au=Sharov%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Sharov&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diprion pini; Hymenoptera; Diprionidae; population ecology; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Major antitermitic components of the heartwood of southern catalpa. AN - 16233947; 2764877 AB - The heartwood of southern catalpa, Catalpa bignonioides Walt., is resistant to attack by the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), but extraction with a ternary solvent mixture of acetone-hexane-water (54:44:2) by volume removed the antitermitic characteristics from the heartwood. Four compounds comprised approximately 98% of the antitermitic fraction of the extract: the sesquiterpene alcohol, catalponol (67%); its epimer, epicatalponol (5%); a structurally related ketone, catalponone (1%); and the phthalide, catalpalactone (25%). Pure compounds were isolated by semipreparative scale reversed-phase HPLC and identified by GC-MS and UV spectroscopy. The structure of catalponol was further confirmed by the formation of derivatives. Bioassays indicated that catalponol had the greatest toxicity in cellulose pad tests, but in tests using vacuum impregnation of these compounds into termite-susceptible wood blocks at levels approximating those found in catalpa heartwood, catalpalactone exhibited the highest antitermitic activity. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - McDaniel, CA AD - For. Sci. Lab., USDA-Forest Serv. Box 2008 GMF, Gulfport, MS 39505, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 359 EP - 370 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rhinotermitidae KW - Catalpa bignonioides KW - pest resistance KW - Reticulitermes flavipes KW - allelochemicals KW - chemical composition KW - Isoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16233947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Major+antitermitic+components+of+the+heartwood+of+southern+catalpa.&rft.au=McDaniel%2C+CA&rft.aulast=McDaniel&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catalpa bignonioides; Reticulitermes flavipes; Rhinotermitidae; Isoptera; pest resistance; allelochemicals; chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved method for serological detection of Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus infection in orchids. AN - 16232564; 2761434 AB - Murine hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus (CyMV) were produced by fusion of FOX-NY myeloma cells with immune splenocytes derived from in vivo or from a combination of in vivo and in vitro immunizations. Forty-five CyMV monoclonal antibodies reacted with the homologous antigen, which was trapped by CyMV rabbit antiserum coated microtiter plates. Twenty-nine of the 45 monoclonal antibodies also reacted with CyMV when the antigen was coated directly on microtiter plates. Detection of CyMV in crude sap of infected orchid leaves by immunosorbent electron microscopy was about twice as sensitive as by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas the sensitivity of dot blot immunoassay was about eight times that of ELISA. JF - Phytopathology AU - Hsu, H T AU - Vongsasitorn, D AU - Lawson, R H AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Florist and Nursery Crops Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 491 EP - 495 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - dot blot immunoassay KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Cattleya KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - sap KW - detection KW - immunoassays KW - Cymbidium mosaic virus KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=An+improved+method+for+serological+detection+of+Cymbidium+mosaic+potexvirus+infection+in+orchids.&rft.au=Hsu%2C+H+T%3BVongsasitorn%2C+D%3BLawson%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cymbidium mosaic virus; Cattleya; detection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; monoclonal antibodies; immunoassays; sap ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin inhibition of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and cytotoxicity are correlated in LLC-PK sub(1) cells. AN - 16231804; 2774509 AB - Fumonisins are a group of structurally related compounds produced by Fusarium moniliforme . Recently, it has been shown that fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) are the first naturally occurring inhibitors of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase (ceramide synthase) in rat primary hepatocytes. These enzymes are key components in the pathways for de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and sphingolipid turnover. The results of the present study show that fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) inhibit proliferation and are cytotoxic to LLC-PK sub(1) cells. Concentrations of fumonisin B sub(1) and B sub(2) between 10 and 35 mu M inhibited cell proliferation, whereas higher concentrations (> 35 mu M) killed cells. Inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death were preceded by a lag period of at least 24 hr during which cells appeared to be functioning normally. Cells exposed to fumonisin B sub(1) exhibited normal growth kinetics and morphology soon after fumonisin B sub(1) was removed; thus, the effects of fumonisin B sub(1) were reversible. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Yoo, Hwan-Soo AU - Norred, W P AU - Wang, E AU - Merrill, AH Jr AU - Riley, R T AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxins Res. Unit, Russell Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 114 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - fumonisins KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - inhibition KW - cell lines KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - sphingolipids KW - biosynthesis KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16231804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+inhibition+of+de+novo+sphingolipid+biosynthesis+and+cytotoxicity+are+correlated+in+LLC-PK+sub%281%29+cells.&rft.au=Yoo%2C+Hwan-Soo%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BWang%2C+E%3BMerrill%2C+AH+Jr%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Yoo&rft.aufirst=Hwan-Soo&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; sphingolipids; biosynthesis; inhibition; cell lines; mycotoxins ER - TY - CONF T1 - Timing, magnitude, and impact of acidic deposition on sensitive forest sites. AN - 16230508; 2774774 AB - Adverse effects of acidic deposition on forest health are most likely to occur in forests which develop a thick raw or "mor" humus layer in which the effective cation exchange capacity is highly sensitive to acid input. A study of the trend of exchangeable Ca and Mg ions in sensitive humus layers over the past six decades indicated that a downward shift in equilibrium has occurred that is consistent with theories of ion mobilization and coincident in time with increasing acidic deposition in the mid-1900's. Independent records of a base cation mobilization in wood supports the view of a change in the root zone in sensitive forest sites and in lake water chemistry. Evidence indicates that sensitive sites were damaged by acidic deposition 20 to 40 yr ago, long before the problem of "acid rain" was recognized. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Shortle, W C AU - Bondietti, E A Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 253 EP - 267 VL - 61 IS - 3-4 KW - soils KW - bioindicators KW - historical ecology KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - historical account KW - acid deposition KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16230508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Timing%2C+magnitude%2C+and+impact+of+acidic+deposition+on+sensitive+forest+sites.&rft.au=Shortle%2C+W+C%3BBondietti%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Shortle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification, characterization, and resolution of the in vivo phosphorylated form of the D1 photosystem II reaction center protein. AN - 16225650; 2756083 AB - Previously, we detected an electrophoretic variant of D1 which was generated in vivo in granal-localized reaction centers in a light dependent manner. We identify this modified form as phosphorylated D1. The in vivo phosphorylation occurs on a threonine residue(s) localized within 1 kDa from the N terminus and is identical to the phosphorylation of D1 catalyzed in vitro by a redox-regulated thylakoid-bound protein kinase. While virtually all of the D1 protein present in thylakoids can be phosphorylated in vitro, the steady-state level of phosphorylated D1 in vivo varies with light intensity and did not exceed 20% of the total D1 under the conditions of this study. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Elich, T D AU - Edelman, M AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., USDA/ARS/BARC-West, Build. 006, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 3523 EP - 3529 VL - 267 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - D1 protein KW - Spirodella oligorrhiza KW - forms KW - identification KW - phosphorylation KW - photosystem II KW - resolution KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16225650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification%2C+characterization%2C+and+resolution+of+the+in+vivo+phosphorylated+form+of+the+D1+photosystem+II+reaction+center+protein.&rft.au=Elich%2C+T+D%3BEdelman%2C+M%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Elich&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of North American migrant landbirds in the Caribbean region: A summary. AN - 16219398; 2755783 AB - To summarize the current status of North American landbird migrants in the Caribbean, 24 regional and local collaborators have joined together in a coordinated effort to document: (a) species diversity, (b) distribution (geographically, and among habitats), (c) general abundance on each island, (d) present-day factors affecting migrant populations, both negative and positive, (e) measures that must be taken to mitigate negative impacts on migrant numbers, and (f) professional views on the probable future of Caribbean migrant landbirds in light of the accelerated development currently taking place throughout most of the region. AU - Arendt, W J AD - USDA Forest Serv., South. Forest Exp. Stn., Inst. Trop. For., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras 00928-2500, Puerto Rico A2 - Hagan, JM III A2 - Johnston, DW (eds) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 143 EP - 171 KW - Neotropical migrant landbirds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - migration KW - winter KW - Caribbean Region KW - population dynamics KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16219398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Ecology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Arendt%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Arendt&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=0560981407&rft.btitle=Status+of+North+American+migrant+landbirds+in+the+Caribbean+region%3A+A+summary.&rft.title=Status+of+North+American+migrant+landbirds+in+the+Caribbean+region%3A+A+summary.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Caribbean Region; population dynamics; winter; migration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of mycelial polypeptides associated with gliotoxin-producing strains of the biocontrol fungus Gliocladium virens . AN - 16209487; 2748200 AB - Soluble mycelial polypeptides from two gliotoxin-producing strains of Gliocladium virens (G-20 and G-15) were compared with the soluble mycelial polypeptides from two strains unable to produce gliotoxin (G-3 and G-4) by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In single comparisons, there were between 146 and 170 polypeptides that were common to both producers and nonproducers, and between 12 and 14 polypeptides that were uniquely associated with producers of gliotoxin. However, when the data from all experiments were compared, there were four major polypeptides that were consistently and uniquely associated with strains that have the ability to produce gliotoxin. Molecular weights (kDa) and isoelectric points (pI) of these four polypeptides were estimated to be 33.8, 7.35; 33.8, 7.10; 27.2, 7.25; and 15.1, 4.6. In addition, there were several polypeptides that were consistently more abundant in gliotoxin-producing strains. The results may help to explain physiological differences that affect gliotoxin production and lead to improved methods for selecting and formulating G. virens for biological control. JF - Phytopathology AU - Ridout, C J AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Hruschka, W R AD - Biocontrol of Plant Dis. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Service, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 479 EP - 484 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - gliotoxin KW - Gliocladium virens KW - biological control KW - mycelia KW - production KW - proteins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - W 30519:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16209487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+mycelial+polypeptides+associated+with+gliotoxin-producing+strains+of+the+biocontrol+fungus+Gliocladium+virens+.&rft.au=Ridout%2C+C+J%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BHruschka%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Ridout&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gliocladium virens; production; mycelia; proteins; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity of cecropin SB37 against protoplasts from several plant species and their bacterial pathogens. AN - 16208276; 2734189 AB - The lethal concentration of cecropin SB37 was determined for protoplasts from 11 plant cultivars or experimental lines representing 7 plant species and for 9 bacterial species that are pathogens of these plants. Lethal concentrations ranged from 4.5 mu M for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Red Cherry) to 41 mu M for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris REL 1). Cecropin SB37 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against all of the bacterial pathogens tested. Lethal concentrations ranged from 0.1-4.5 mu M. The difference between the lethal concentrations of cecropin SB37 for protoplasts from certain plants and their respective bacterial pathogens suggests it may be feasible to protect against these pathogens by introducing a modified cecropin gene into the plant. JF - Plant Science AU - Nordeen, RO AU - Sinden, S L AU - Jaynes, J M AU - Owens, L D AD - Plant Mol. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 101 EP - 107 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 0168-9452, 0168-9452 KW - cecropin SB37 KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - antibacterial activity KW - bacteria KW - biological control KW - crops KW - expression KW - pathogens KW - plant diseases KW - transgenic plants KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - W 30513:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16208276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Science&rft.atitle=Activity+of+cecropin+SB37+against+protoplasts+from+several+plant+species+and+their+bacterial+pathogens.&rft.au=Nordeen%2C+RO%3BSinden%2C+S+L%3BJaynes%2C+J+M%3BOwens%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Nordeen&rft.aufirst=RO&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Science&rft.issn=01689452&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Beta vulgaris; crops; transgenic plants; expression; antibacterial activity; pathogens; bacteria; plant diseases; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus sp. associated with Douglas-fir tuberculate ectomycorrhizae. AN - 16207744; 2748066 AB - Nitrogenase activities, measured by acetylene reduction, were detected under microaerophilic field conditions in Douglas-fir tuberculate ectomycorrhizae. Tuberculate ectomycorrhizae consist of densely packed clusters of ectomycorrhizal rootlets enclosed in a supplementary fungal peridium-like layer. Nitrogenase activity was primarily in the external layer and was greatly enhanced with added sucrose. The bacterium isolated, a nitrogen-fixing, spore-forming Bacillus sp., is an aerobe but requires anaerobic conditions for nitrogenase activity. Respiration in the tuberculate complex by the fungus, roots, and associated mycorrhizosphere microbes probably contributes to maintaining a microaerophilic niche where nitrogen fixation can take place. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Li, CY AU - Massicote, H B AU - Moore, LVH AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 S.W. Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 140 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nitrogen-fixing bacteria KW - ectomycorrhizas KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Bacillus KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16207744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Nitrogen-fixing+Bacillus+sp.+associated+with+Douglas-fir+tuberculate+ectomycorrhizae.&rft.au=Li%2C+CY%3BMassicote%2C+H+B%3BMoore%2C+LVH&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=CY&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Bacillus; ectomycorrhizas; nitrogen-fixing bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila K144 as affected by organic acids. AN - 16196122; 2734648 AB - The influence of different acids on the aerobic growth kinetics of Aeromonas hydrophila was studied in BHI broth with 0.5 and 2.0% NaCl incubated at 5 and 19 degree C. Growth curve data were analyzed by the Gompertz equation and a nonlinear regression program; generation and lag times were calculated from the Gompertz parameters. Type of acid, pH, NaCl level and temperature influenced lag and generation times. The organic acids (acetic, lactic, citric and tartaric) inhibited growth at higher pH values than inorganic acids (HCl and H sub(2)SO sub(4)). The high NaCl level interacted with type of acid and pH to restrict growth of the organism at the lower temperature of incubation. Acetic and lactic acids were effective in controlling the growth of A. hydrophila) and could readily be combined with low holding temperature to render foods free of the organism. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Williams, A C AD - USDA/ARS Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 233 EP - 235 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - organic acids KW - sodium chloride KW - lactic acid KW - acetic acid KW - citric acid KW - tartaric acid KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food spoilage KW - aerobic conditions KW - Aeromonas hydrophila KW - interaction KW - antibacterial activity KW - growth KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16196122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Growth+of+Aeromonas+hydrophila+K144+as+affected+by+organic+acids.&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+SA%3BWilliams%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aeromonas hydrophila; growth; aerobic conditions; food spoilage; antibacterial activity; interaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential of non-native selenium accumulating mustard plants as host for beet leafhopper and beet curly top virus. AN - 16194448; 2737672 JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Tebbets, S AU - Perry, R AU - Duffus, JE AU - Vail, P AD - USDA-ARS, Water Manage. Res. Lab., 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 73 EP - 76 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - selenium KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Cicadellidae KW - bioaccumulation KW - Brassica juncea KW - USA, California KW - beet curly top virus KW - disease transmission KW - host plants KW - Circulifer tenellus KW - Homoptera KW - A 01028:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16194448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=The+potential+of+non-native+selenium+accumulating+mustard+plants+as+host+for+beet+leafhopper+and+beet+curly+top+virus.&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BTebbets%2C+S%3BPerry%2C+R%3BDuffus%2C+JE%3BVail%2C+P&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beet curly top virus; Circulifer tenellus; Brassica juncea; Cicadellidae; Homoptera; USA, California; host plants; bioaccumulation; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of sterile screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) flies at a release site. AN - 16188474; 2718298 AB - Studies to determine the persistence of released, sterile screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were conducted in Belize, Central America, in 1987-1988. A total of nine releases were made, each consisting of 4,000 females marked with a fluorescent dust. Previous similar studies with baited fly traps indicated that flies died or dispersed from the release site within 3-4 d. For this study, flies were recaptured at sentinel animals. Recapture rates varied greatly between releases, a result that was not correlated with any weather parameter. The pattern of recapture indicated a sharp drop in the released population after 9-10 d, with a few flies persisting in the release area for up to 3 wk. The results suggest that survival of released sterile flies in comparable with estimated survival rate and life span of wild, native flies. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Thomas, D B AU - Mangan, R L AD - Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 441 EP - 444 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Cochliomyia hominivorax KW - Calliphoridae KW - Diptera KW - biological control KW - sterile-release KW - survival KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Belize KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16188474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+sterile+screwworm+%28Diptera%3A+Calliphoridae%29+flies+at+a+release+site.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+B%3BMangan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calliphoridae; Diptera; Belize; sterile-release; survival; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of field propagation of Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) for control of flies associated with confined beef cattle. AN - 16187428; 2718380 AB - The parasitic wasp Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner was mass-reared in the field to control house flies, Musca domestica L., on two Nebraska beef cattle confinements. About 50,000 freeze-killed house fly pupae were exposed to a single release of M. zaraptor in the field. Placement of six additional cohorts of 50,000 freeze-killed pupae at the release sites at 2-wk intervals resulted in a mean parasite emergence of 56.4% over the study period. Mean fly mortality of 37.3 and 25.9% occurred in sentinel pupae placed around the perimeter of two release sites, compared with 3.9% for two control sites. We demonstrated a negative correlation between host reduction in sentinel cohorts and distances the cohorts were placed from parasite release sites. However, data indicated that other environmental factors also influenced the success of M. zaraptor in locating sentinel hosts. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Petersen, J J AU - Watson, D W AU - Pawson, B M AD - Midwest Livest. Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Dep. Entomol., Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 451 EP - 455 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Muscidifurax zaraptor KW - Diptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Musca domestica KW - Muscidae KW - Pteromalidae KW - biological control KW - mass rearing KW - parasites KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Nebraska KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - W 30513:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16187428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+field+propagation+of+Muscidifurax+zaraptor+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29+for+control+of+flies+associated+with+confined+beef+cattle.&rft.au=Petersen%2C+J+J%3BWatson%2C+D+W%3BPawson%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Musca domestica; Pteromalidae; Hymenoptera; Diptera; Muscidae; USA, Nebraska; biological control; mass rearing; parasites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavior and performance of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) on fungal endophyte-infected and uninfected perennial ryegrass. AN - 16180166; 2711554 AB - The behavior and performance of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on fungal endophyte-infected and endophyte-free perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., was investigated in the laboratory and field. Aphids did not select endophyte-free over endophyte-infected leaf sheaths and stem segments in petri dish preference tests. Similarly, the probing behavior of D. noxia on endophyte-free and infected L. perenne did not vary in laboratory tests. However, compared with aphid counts on endophyte-free plants, counts on infected plants were significantly lower on the first day and thereafter in laboratory population growth tests. Numbers of D. noxia were higher on endophyte-free plants than on infected plants of L. perenne in replicated field plots. The results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of resistance involved, our knowledge of the performance of other cereal aphids on endophyte-infected grasses, and the use of endophytic fungi as aphid biocontrol agents. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Clement, S L AU - Lester, D G AU - Wilson, AD AU - Pike, K S AD - Plant Germplasm Introd. and Test. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 59 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 583 EP - 588 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - Acremonium KW - Aphididae KW - Lolium perenne KW - endophytes KW - homoptera KW - pest resistance KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Behavior+and+performance+of+Diuraphis+noxia+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+on+fungal+endophyte-infected+and+uninfected+perennial+ryegrass.&rft.au=Clement%2C+S+L%3BLester%2C+D+G%3BWilson%2C+AD%3BPike%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lolium perenne; Acremonium; homoptera; Aphididae; pest resistance; endophytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of evidence for a role of antifungal metabolite production by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 in biological control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber. AN - 16156705; 2697208 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 protected cucumber from preemergence damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum and produced a number of antifungal metabolites in culture, including a fluorescent siderophore (pyoverdine), pyoluteorin, pyrrolinitrin, cyanide, and an uncharacterized compound termed antibiotic 3. Of these, the roles of pyoluteorin and pyoverdine in the biocontrol activity of Pf-5 against Pythium damping-off of cucumber were investigated. Tn5 insertion mutants of Pf-5 were screened for loss of pyoluteorin production (Plt super(-)) or pyoverdine production (Pvd super(-)). Thirteen Plt super(-) mutants, 13 Pvd super(-) mutants, and six antibiotic production (Apd super(-)) mutants, which were deficient in pyoluteorin, pyrrolnitrin, and antibiotic 3 production, were identified. Three Plt super(++) mutants, which produced greater quantities of pyoluteorin in culture than did Pf-5, were identified. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kraus, J AU - Loper, JE AD - USDA, ARS, Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 264 EP - 271 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - infection KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Pythium ultimum KW - biological control KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16156705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Lack+of+evidence+for+a+role+of+antifungal+metabolite+production+by+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Pf-5+in+biological+control+of+Pythium+damping-off+of+cucumber.&rft.au=Kraus%2C+J%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Kraus&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium ultimum; Cucumis sativus; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human impacts on genetic diversity in forest ecosystems. AN - 16148046; 2698860 AB - Humans have converted forest to agricultural and urban uses, exploited species, fragmented wildlands, changed the demographic structure of forests, altered habitat, degraded the environment with atmospheric and soil pollutants, introduced exotic pests and competitors, and domesticated favored species. None of these activities is new; perhaps with the exception of atmospheric pollution, they date back to prehistory. All have impacted genetic diversity (i.e., species diversity and genetic diversity within species) by their influence on the evolutionary processes of extinction, selection, drift, gene flow, and mutation, sometimes increasing diversity, as in the case of domestication, but often reducing it. Even in the absence of changes in diversity, mating systems were altered, changing the genetic structure of populations. Demographic changes (i.e., conversion of old-growth to younger, even-aged stands) influenced selection by increasing the incidence of disease. Introduction of exotic diseases, insects, mammalian herbivores, and competing vegetation has had the best-documented effects on genetic diversity, reducing both species diversity and intraspecific diversity. JF - Oikos AU - Ledig, F T AD - Forest Genet., Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 87 EP - 108 VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - population genetics KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - diversity KW - human impact KW - land use KW - D 04120:Woodlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16148046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Human+impacts+on+genetic+diversity+in+forest+ecosystems.&rft.au=Ledig%2C+F+T&rft.aulast=Ledig&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diversity; human impact; land use; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing bias in studies of bald eagle food habits. AN - 16140970; 2695471 AB - Although studies of bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) food habits are numerous, few authors have quantified biases inherent in the techniques used. In our study of food habits of nonbreeding bald eagles on the northern Chesapeake Bay, we examined biases associated with pellet analysis, food remains analysis, and direct observation. We assessed these biases through controlled feedings of 2 captive bald eagles and through observations of free-ranging eagles. Fish fed to 2 captive bald eagles were underrepresented in egested pellets. Most bird and mammal food items were detected in greater than or equal to 1 pellet; however, species and carcass condition affected frequency of occurrence. Analysis of captive eagles' food remains overrepresented birds, medium-sized mammals, and large bony fish, small mammals and small fish were underrepresented. This bias increased over time due to greater persistence of some remains in shoreline plots. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Mersmann, T J AU - Buehler, DA AU - Fraser, J D AU - Seegar, JKD AD - USDA Forest Serv., Ouachita Natl. Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 73 EP - 78 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - diets KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Haliaeetus leucocephalus KW - sampling KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16140970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Assessing+bias+in+studies+of+bald+eagle+food+habits.&rft.au=Mersmann%2C+T+J%3BBuehler%2C+DA%3BFraser%2C+J+D%3BSeegar%2C+JKD&rft.aulast=Mersmann&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haliaeetus leucocephalus; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of two Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates obtained from the microbial pesticide Gypchek. AN - 16138037; 2688874 AB - Two Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates, 5-6 and A2-1, differing in the phenotypic characteristic of the number of viral occlusions in infected cells, were obtained from a production lot of the microbial pesticide Gypchek and several of their replication properties were investigated and compared. Budded virus titer produced in cell culture, polyhedral inclusion body production in cell culture and in vivo, the number of virions present within occlusion body cross sections, and potency determinations suggest that isolate 5-6 is a few polyhedra plaque variant and that A2-1 is a many polyhedra wild-type isolate. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Slavicek, JM AU - Podgwaite, J AU - Lanner-Herrera, C AD - USDA For. Serv., Northeastern For. Exp. Stn., For. Sci. Lab., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 142 EP - 148 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Lymantria dispar KW - formulations KW - phenotypes KW - inclusion bodies KW - polyhedra KW - cytopathology KW - cell culture KW - Gypchek KW - occlusion bodies KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - biological control KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W 30513:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16138037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Properties+of+two+Lymantria+dispar+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+isolates+obtained+from+the+microbial+pesticide+Gypchek.&rft.au=Slavicek%2C+JM%3BPodgwaite%2C+J%3BLanner-Herrera%2C+C&rft.aulast=Slavicek&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of two white clover clones to peanut stunt virus and ozone. AN - 16137973; 2683189 AB - Effects of ozone (O sub(3)) and peanut stunt virus (PSV) on two clones of white clover (Trifolium repens)) were measured in open-top field chambers. An O sub(3)-resistant clone (NC-R) and an O sub(3)-sensitive clone (NC-S), with and without PSV infection, were exposed to O sub(3) for 12-h/day for 111 days. The exposures were proportional to ambient O sub(3) and resulted in 12-h/day mean concentrations of 26, 45, 64, and 76 nL/L for the 111 days of exposure. Plant shoots were harvested five times to measure effects of O sub(3) and PSV on foliar injury, foliar chlorophyll, and shoot dry weight. Infection by PSV caused foliar chlorosis, which tended to be more severe on NC-S than on NC-R. PSV infection suppressed shoot dry weight accumulation of NC-R by 23% and of NC-S by 18%. O sub(3) also caused foliar chlorosis and suppressed shoot dry weight accumulation, and the severity of the effects increased with increased O sub(3) dose. JF - Phytopathology AU - Heagle, A S AU - McLaughlin, M R AU - Miller, JE AU - Joyner, R L AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 254 EP - 258 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - peanut stunt virus KW - infection KW - interaction KW - pathogenesis KW - chlorosis KW - growth KW - shoots KW - ozone KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - pollution effects KW - Trifolium repens KW - air pollution KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16137973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Response+of+two+white+clover+clones+to+peanut+stunt+virus+and+ozone.&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMcLaughlin%2C+M+R%3BMiller%2C+JE%3BJoyner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; air pollution; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between selected bacteria and the growth of immature house flies, Musca domestica , in an axenic test system. AN - 16135245; 2684292 AB - To investigate the relationship between immature (maggot) house flies, Musca domestica , and bacteria, we compared the development of sterile first-instar maggots in each of 10 pure blood agar cultures of bacteria with growth on sterile blood agar (negative control) and on standard house fly rearing medium (positive control). Nine species of bacteria representing gram-negative and gram-positive rods, coccoid, and micrococcoid cell types supported house fly growth on blood agar. One bacterium, a strain of Bacillus cereus , inhibited maggot growth. The percent pupation for maggots that developed in the presence of eight of nine bacteria (range, 41-69%), was significantly greater than in sterile blood agar (0-5%), and did not differ significantly from maggot growth in the rearing medium (50-90%). Average pupal weight for maggots that developed on blood agar with bacteria ranged from 19 to 21 mg, a reflection of favorable growth conditions. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Schmidtmann, E T AU - Martin, PAW AD - Livest. Insects Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 232 EP - 235 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - growth KW - developmental stages KW - inhibitors KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Musca domestica KW - bacteria KW - Bacillus cereus KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05185:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16135245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+selected+bacteria+and+the+growth+of+immature+house+flies%2C+Musca+domestica+%2C+in+an+axenic+test+system.&rft.au=Schmidtmann%2C+E+T%3BMartin%2C+PAW&rft.aulast=Schmidtmann&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Musca domestica; Muscidae; Diptera; Bacillus cereus; bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature on conidial germination and systemic infection of maize by Peronosclerospora species. AN - 16114043; 2669970 AB - Peronosclerospora maydis from Java, Indonesia, and the maize strain of P. sorghi from Thailand, both apparently infective only to maize, and P. philippinensis from the Philippines had broad optimum temperature ranges for germination (at least 10-30 C) and germ tube growth (18-30 C); they produced large numbers of conidia from 18 to 23 C (the optimum temperature for sporulation) in presence of dew for 5-6 h. P. maydis usually, and the maize strain of P. sorghi always, caused high levels of systemic infection from 8 to 36 C. P. philippinensis consistently had less systemic infection with dew periods at the lower temperatures of 10-16 C. This lower systemic infection for P. philippinensis is similar to that previously reported for P. sacchari , an organism we believe to be conspecific with P. philippinensis . The sorghum strain of P. sorghi (true P. sorghi ), common in many countries on sorghum and/or maize but not found in Thailand or Java, was characterized by a relatively narrow optimum temperature range for germination. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bonde, M R AU - Peterson, G L AU - Kenneth, R G AU - Vermeulen, H D AU - Sumartini, AU - Bustaman, M AD - USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 104 EP - 109 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - temperature KW - infection KW - Peronosclerospora KW - Java KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - tropical environment KW - Philippines KW - Thailand KW - conidia KW - Indonesia KW - germ tubes KW - Zea mays KW - germination KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16114043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+temperature+on+conidial+germination+and+systemic+infection+of+maize+by+Peronosclerospora+species.&rft.au=Bonde%2C+M+R%3BPeterson%2C+G+L%3BKenneth%2C+R+G%3BVermeulen%2C+H+D%3BSumartini%2C%3BBustaman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bonde&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Indonesia; Thailand; Philippines; conidia; germination; tropical environment; germ tubes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exchange of gene activity in transgenic plants catalyzed by the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system. AN - 16113365; 2674289 AB - The Cre-lox site-specific recombination system of bacteriophage P1 was used to excise a firefly luciferase (luc) gene which had previously been incorporated into the tobacco genome. The excision event was due to site-specific DNA recombination between two lox sequences flanking the luc gene and was catalyzed by the Cre recombinase introduced by cross-fertilization. Recombination resulted in the fusion of a promoter with a distally located hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) coding sequence and the excision event was monitored as a phenotypic change from expression of luc to expression of hpt. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Bayley, C C AU - Morgan, M AU - Dale, E C AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Cent., USDA/ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 353 EP - 361 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - phage P1 KW - genetic engineering KW - systems KW - luc gene KW - excision KW - markers KW - Cre-lox site KW - specific KW - genes KW - recombination KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07311:PHAGES-INITIAL NAMES KW - W 30119:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16113365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Exchange+of+gene+activity+in+transgenic+plants+catalyzed+by+the+Cre-lox+site-specific+recombination+system.&rft.au=Bayley%2C+C+C%3BMorgan%2C+M%3BDale%2C+E+C%3BOw%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Bayley&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recombination; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of temperature and moisture on growth of Gloeotinia temulenta and infection of annual ryegrass. AN - 16110382; 2661738 AB - Germination, growth, and sporulation of Gloeotinia temulenta increased at temperatures of 5-20 C and then declined. No germination or growth occurred at 30 C. Germination of conidia slowed with decreasing water potential, although 95-100% germination occurred by 24 h at potentials of 0.0 through -4.0 MPa. Radial growth on potato-dextrose agar amended with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or sucrose declined with decreasing water potentials through -9 to -10 MPa. Conidia were abundant with sucrose as an osmoticum but not with KCl or NaCl. Spore production on a sucrose-amended medium at 10, 15, or 20 C increased through -4 MPa and then declined through -10 MPa. Infection of annual ryegrass occurred at 15, 20, and 25 C but not at 30 C. A dew period was not required for infection when a drop of conidial suspension was placed in open flowers of annual ryegrass or when a conidia-laden exudate from infected seed was transferred to ovaries in open flowers. Production of conidia in infected seed at 20 C increased 6-16 days after inoculation. JF - Phytopathology AU - Alderman, S C AD - Plant Pathol., USDA-ARS Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 196 EP - 200 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - soil temperature KW - growth KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - conidia KW - soil moisture KW - water potential KW - sporulation KW - Lolium multiflorum KW - Gloeotinia temulenta KW - seeds KW - germination KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16110382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+temperature+and+moisture+on+growth+of+Gloeotinia+temulenta+and+infection+of+annual+ryegrass.&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gloeotinia temulenta; Lolium multiflorum; soil moisture; germination; conidia; water potential; sporulation; seeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpretation of Kostiakov infiltration parameters for borders AN - 13724968; S199241858 AB - The relationship between the infiltration parameters of the Kostiakov and modified Kostiakov equations for surface irrigation analysis is discussed. When the power parameter in both equation was fixed at 0.5 (rather than calibrated or optimized using field data), physically meaningful relationships were obtained with parameters consisted with those of other infiltration equations. Analysis of published data on Kostiakov parameters for borders indicated that replacement of the empirical Kostiakov equation by the physically-based approximate Knight infiltration relationship introduced little if any error into surface irrigation computations. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Hartley, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 156 EP - 165 VL - 118 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13724968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Interpretation+of+Kostiakov+infiltration+parameters+for+borders&rft.au=Hartley%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Hartley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulating residuals management practices AN - 13714575; 199202187 AB - Recent and proposed regulations on sludge disposal in the U.S.A. are discussed. Current research, as evaluated by the W-170 Peer Review Committee, suggested that the regulations for metals proposed by the U.S. EPA in 1990 were too restrictive; many had been derived by linear extrapolation of results obtained using soluble metal salts. The committee also agreed that pathway approach was appropriate. This assessed the risk of transferring sludge-applied trace contaminants to humans, livestock and the environment. The method protected the most exposed individual in each pathway. The emphasis in sludge control was likely to focus on defining a clean sludge rather than attempt to set out cumulative application rates. Insets summarize likely developments and illustrate the calculations of PCB and cadmium limits. JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Chaney, R L AU - Ryan, JA AD - USDA, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 36 EP - 41 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - Hazard KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13714575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Regulating+residuals+management+practices&rft.au=Chaney%2C+R+L%3BRyan%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Legislation. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The transport of bioavailable phosphorus in agricultural runoff AN - 13713851; 199201876 AB - Soluble phosphorus (SP), bioavailable particulate phosphorus (BPP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) concentrations were determined in runoff from 20 catchments representing different agricultural practices over a 5 year period. BPP was estimated using a recent modification of the sodium hydroxide extraction method. Mean annual losses of bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) and BPP were 1796 and 1559 g per ha.year, respectively from conventional till peanut-sorghum rotation but only 176 and 54 g per ha.year from native grass catchments. Compared to conventionally tilled catchments phosphorus loss in runoff from conservation tilled catchments was generally lower but BAP comprised a larger proportion of total phosphorus loss. The contribution of SP to BAP increased from 13 per cent (peanut-sorghum) to 69 per cent (native grass), while that of BPP to PP increased from 26 to 69 per cent. BAP was a dynamic function of physico-chemical processes controlling both SP and BPP transport that depended on erosion, particle size enrichment, phosphorus desorption-dissolution reactions, plant residue breakdown and soil and fertilizer management. BAP in runoff might provide a better evaluation than TP inputs of the biological response of a water body to changes in phosphorus bioavailability resulting from conservation tillage practices. There are 37 references. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Smith, S J AU - Jones, O R AU - Berg, WA AU - Coleman, G A AD - USDA-ARS-SPA, Durant, Okla. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 30 EP - 35 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - 1559 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13713851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=The+transport+of+bioavailable+phosphorus+in+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J%3BJones%2C+O+R%3BBerg%2C+WA%3BColeman%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A surface energy balance method for partitioning evapotranspiration data in plant and soil components for a surface with partial canopy cover AN - 13711809; S199343664 AB - Evapotranspiration measurements at a semi-arid shortgrass steppe site in north-eastern Colorado were partitioned into soil and plant contributions using an objective databased method. The method employed a 2-source Penman-Monteith model of evapotranspiration and a sub-model which related the soil evapotranspiration resistance to the soil Bowen ratio. Fairly standard micrometeorological and surface energy balance measurements were required. The validity of the method was supported by comparisons of results with observational data from other studies of the shortgrass steppe ecosystem. There are 43 references. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Massman, W J AD - USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1723 EP - 1732 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13711809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=A+surface+energy+balance+method+for+partitioning+evapotranspiration+data+in+plant+and+soil+components+for+a+surface+with+partial+canopy+cover&rft.au=Massman%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Massman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term groundwater quality changes from a one-time surface bromide application AN - 13710902; 199204298 AB - Potassium bromide was used as a conservative tracer at 2 pasture catchments in east-central Ohio to determine the effects of a single application on long-term groundwater quality. Bromide was applied at a rate of 168 kg per ha to well-drained silt loam soils with slopes between 12 and 25 per cent. An almost impermeable clay layer beneath the study site gave rise to a perched aquifer from which samples were obtained at springs. The highest bromide concentration (9.2 mg per litre) was obtained within 3 years of the initial application. Ten years after the application, bromide concentrations in the groundwater were still slightly above the preapplication level. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Owens, L B AU - Edwards, WM AD - USDA-ARS, Coshocton, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 406 EP - 410 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Potassium bromide KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13710902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Long-term+groundwater+quality+changes+from+a+one-time+surface+bromide+application&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BEdwards%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apparatus for studying pesticide degradation in the vadose zone AN - 13709855; S199342849 AB - Details are given of the construction of an apparatus for studying pesticide degradation in situ within the vadose zone. It consisted of a 15 cm internal diameter casing and an enclosed vadose exposure chamber in which pesticide-treated soil cones could be equilibrated with the surrounding vadose zone at various depths. The chamber was self-sealing to resist flooding. Both radio-labelled and unlabelled pesticides could be studied. Oxygen concentrations were monitored at depths of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 m and compared with those in control samplers. The results confirmed that the apparatus was in equilibrium with the soil atmosphere and unaffected by the surface atmosphere. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Isensee, A R AD - USDA-ARS Pesticide Degradation Laboratory, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 330 EP - 333 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Equipment KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Apparatus+for+studying+pesticide+degradation+in+the+vadose+zone&rft.au=Isensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Isensee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infiltration of simulated rainfall: tillage system and crop residue effects AN - 13709496; S199342845 AB - Fields which had been harvested for winter wheat and grain sorghum were treated by various tillage methods with and without the removal of crop residues. Experiments based on a randomized block design were undertaken to ascertain the influence of these treatments on the infiltration of simulated rainfall. The tillage systems affected soil aggregate size, aggregate stability, organic matter concentration,, initial water content, sediment loss during rainstorms, bulk density, surface residue cover and surface roughness. Where soil residues were limited, soil loosening tillage effectively increased infiltration while methods which inverted the soil reduced it. This was ascribed to the latter methods leaving less stable aggregates on the surface. Generally, there was no close relationship between any soil condition and infiltration. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Unger, P W AD - USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Tex. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 283 EP - 289 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Infiltration+of+simulated+rainfall%3A+tillage+system+and+crop+residue+effects&rft.au=Unger%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EQSWP: extended unsteady-flow double-sweep equation solver AN - 13709039; S199342821 AB - The double-sweep techniques was extended to solve systems of algebraic equations arising from implicit schemes of the box type for unsteady open-channel flow. The modified procedure allowed the inclusion of a global unknown into the cell equations. This introduced a column of coefficients into the sparse matrix of coefficients, otherwise clustered around the diagonal, for the set of linear equations to be solved in the execution of an implicit discretization scheme. A computer program for modelling the progress of surges of irrigation water down a furrow or border incorporated the proposed procedures for the Saint-Venant, zero-inertia and kinematic-wave equations. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Strelkoff, T AD - USDA, Phoenix, Ariz. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 735 EP - 742 VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - Columns KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=EQSWP%3A+extended+unsteady-flow+double-sweep+equation+solver&rft.au=Strelkoff%2C+T&rft.aulast=Strelkoff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved techniques in regression-based streamflow volume forecasting AN - 13708990; S199344499 AB - Methods of improving the accuracy of multiple linear regression seasonal stream flow forecasting are discussed and 4 techniques recommended: the sole use of data known at the time of forecast; principal component regression, cross validation; and systematic searching for the optimal combination of variables. The elimination of extrapolated or averaged data required a separate equation for each month that forecasts were made. Consistency was achieved by selecting variables which maintained a high degree of similarity from month to month. Principal components were selected by adding them separately to the model starting with the largest eigenvalue, eliminating the statistically non-significant and those of different sign to their correlation with the dependent variables. Cross validation, a systematic iterative variation of split sample model testing, gave a realistic evaluation of forecasting potential. An automated search algorithm with realistic computational requirements was created to permit the systematic search for optimal combinations. The new regression procedures gave improved forecast without sacrificing consistency. JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Garen, D C AD - USDA Soil Conservation Service, Portland, Ore. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 654 EP - 670 VL - 118 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9496, 0733-9496 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13708990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Improved+techniques+in+regression-based+streamflow+volume+forecasting&rft.au=Garen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=07339496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater nitrate and denitrification in a coastal plain riparian forest AN - 13708975; 199204283 AB - A study was undertaken at an experimental station in the Georgia coastal plain to determine whether nitrate was being removed from shallow groundwater in a typical riparian forest. Denitrification enzyme assays were also conducted to determine locations for possible nitrate removal from the riparian ecosystem. The study confirmed the occurrence of nitrate removal from shallow groundwater, but this was apparently not attributable to direct nitrification from the saturated zone. The primary role in nitrogen removal was apparently that of intact riparian vegetation. The whole ecosystem determined the nitrogen filtering and retention capacity of the area. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lowrance, R AD - USDA-ARS, Tifton, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 401 EP - 405 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Enzymes (see also individual groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13708975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Groundwater+nitrate+and+denitrification+in+a+coastal+plain+riparian+forest&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of the kinematic wave-Philip infiltration overland flow model AN - 13708536; S199343062 AB - The kinematic wave overland flow equation with rainfall excess given by Philip's infiltration equation was modified by incorporating depression storage into the rising limb calculation, and by improving the approximation of the water surface profile at the end of rainfall. Solutions obtained using field data demonstrated that the modified model predicted hydrographs and water surface profiles more accurately than the original model, which was due primarily to depression storage effects on the initiation of overland flow. The field hydrograph exhibited a significant improvement in fitted values of roughness. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Luce, CH AU - Cundy, T W AD - USDA Forest Service, Moscow, Idaho Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1179 EP - 1186 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13708536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Modification+of+the+kinematic+wave-Philip+infiltration+overland+flow+model&rft.au=Luce%2C+CH%3BCundy%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Luce&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intra- and inter-storm oxygen-18 trends for selected rainstorms in Pennsylvania AN - 13704168; S199344433 AB - Amounts of oxygen-18 determined in rainfall collected from 33 storms during autumn and springtime were very variable, particularly for smaller storms (less than 10 mm) with low intensities (less than 5 mm per h). Analysis of storm data by air mass source and weather type indicated that greater oxygen-18 depletion (minus 10.9 per cent) occurred in storms Atlantic origin than those of Gulf origin (minus 6.2 per cent) that were sampled individually, there was considerable intra-storm variation in oxygen-18 content which generally became depleted as the storm continued. In an 11-h storm oxygen-18 depletion increased from approximately minus 4 to minus 20 per cent. The greatest and most variable rate of change in oxygen-18 content (2-6 per cent.h) within a storm occurred during bursts of rapidly increasing rainfall intensity (ranging from 2.2 to 31.7 mm per h) under conditions of high rainfall rates (more than 5 mm per h). Intra-storm variability could dominate the oxygen-18 signature of the resulting short-term hydrological response, and sampling strategies should focus on burst periods. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Pionke, H B AU - DeWalle AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, Pa. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 131 EP - 143 VL - 138 IS - 1/2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Signature KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13704168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Intra-+and+inter-storm+oxygen-18+trends+for+selected+rainstorms+in+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Pionke%2C+H+B%3BDeWalle&rft.aulast=Pionke&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate levels in shallow groundwater under pastures receiving ammonium nitrate or slow-release nitrogen fertilizer AN - 13699247; 199301322 AB - Small catchments in an intensively-managed grazed grassland system were studied to determine the impacts of ammonium-nitrate and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrate-nitrogen levels in surface runoff and groundwater. The effect of increasing the annual nitrogen fertilization rate from 56 to 168 kg per ha was examined in relation to both types of fertilizer. The slow-release fertilizer was expected to remain longer in the root zone and to be taken up by the grass before it could leach. In the event, the increased loading of 168 kg per ha was too great for the system with either fertilizer, resulting in groundwater levels of nitrate-nitrogen exceeding the recommended limit of 10 mg per litre. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Owens, L B AU - Edwards, WM AU - van Keuren, RW AD - USDA-ARS, Coshocton, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 607 EP - 613 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Ammonium nitrate KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13699247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Nitrate+levels+in+shallow+groundwater+under+pastures+receiving+ammonium+nitrate+or+slow-release+nitrogen+fertilizer&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BEdwards%2C+WM%3Bvan+Keuren%2C+RW&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage sludge proteins as labile carbon and nitrogen sources AN - 13692067; S199445147 AB - The hypothesis that sewage sludge proteins were labile sources of carbon and nitrogen was tested by correlating extractable sludge proteins with carbon and nitrogen mineralization in sludge-amended soils. Kinetic models describing net nitrogen mineralized in sludge-amended soil systems were also evaluated. Sludge proteins were a labile carbon source but not a labile nitrogen source, though water-extractable primary amines, presumed to be protein degradation products, were significant labile nitrogen sources in sludges. Net nitrogen mineralization of the sludges showed either zero- or first-order kinetics. There are 33 references. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Lerch, R N AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia, Mo. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1470 EP - 1476 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13692067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Sewage+sludge+proteins+as+labile+carbon+and+nitrogen+sources&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil surface modification by biomass inputs affecting rainfall infiltration AN - 13691522; S199445148 AB - The effectiveness of inputs of selected crop biomass at the soil surface, with and without tillage, in modifying soil surface conditions with a significant impact on rainfall infiltration was investigated on eroded soils. Changes in soil aggregate water stability, soil carbon, the soil water regime, and simulated rainfall infiltration associated with crop biomass inputs were also evaluated. A soil surface with greatly enhanced rainfall infiltration could be obtained in a 4 or 5 year period using a no-till culture providing about 12 mg per ha.year of decomposing crop residue on the soil surface. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Bruce, R R AU - Langdale, G W AU - West, L T AU - Miller, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Watkinsville, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1614 EP - 1620 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13691522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+surface+modification+by+biomass+inputs+affecting+rainfall+infiltration&rft.au=Bruce%2C+R+R%3BLangdale%2C+G+W%3BWest%2C+L+T%3BMiller%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater response to snowmelt in a mountainous watershed AN - 13690698; S199445929 AB - Snowmelt recharge to shallow groundwater systems is the primary source of streamflow in many mountainous watersheds, but characteristics of these systems are not properly understood, and their contribution to streamflow is often not appreciated. Data from a detailed study on the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed located within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwestern Idaho were analysed to characterize the interactions between snowmelt, groundwater and streamflow. Response time between snowmelt, groundwater levels and streamflow was drastically different from year to year depending on the extent of the snowpack. Response time to snowmelt for piezometers and weirs located 135 m downslope from an isolated drift was 3-5 d during an average snow year and up to 70 d for a year with snow accumulation that was 40 per cent of normal. The primary aquifer is unconfined during low snowmelt years and confined when normal or above-normal snowmelt causes high groundwater levels. Snowmelt from an isolated drift enters the primary aquifer upslope of the confining layer. Rapid response during years with normal snow accumulation is therefore primarily a pressure pulse through the confined aquifer. Recharge during years of low snow accumulation is insufficient to fill the primary aquifer to the confining layer, and response time is indicative of travel time through the aquifer. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Flerchinger, G N AU - Cooley, K R AU - Ralston AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Boise, Idaho Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 293 EP - 311 VL - 133 IS - 3/4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13690698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Groundwater+response+to+snowmelt+in+a+mountainous+watershed&rft.au=Flerchinger%2C+G+N%3BCooley%2C+K+R%3BRalston&rft.aulast=Flerchinger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing irrigation furrow erosion with small applications of polymers AN - 13688999; S199446503 AB - The influence of polyacrylamide and starch copolymer anionic formulations on irrigation furrow erosion was investigated on a silt loam field with a 1.6 per cent slope. Irrigation rates were 15-30 litres per minute; inflow during the first 1-2 h of the initial 8 h irrigation was treated with polymer at concentrations up to 20 g per m3. Subsequent irrigations were untreated. The polyacrylamide was much more effective than the starch copolymer for reducing sediment loss in the first 3 irrigations but not in the fourth. Effectiveness depended on concentration, duration of furrow exposure and water flow rate. Sediment loss was reduced by 45-98 per cent in the initial irrigation compared with controls, and the cumulative result was 42-58 per cent for 3 irrigations. The polymer increased both net and lateral infiltration. Effectiveness doses cost 3 U.S. dollars per ha. irrigation. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Lentz, R D AU - Shainberg, I AU - Sojka, R E AU - Carter, D L AD - USDA-ARS Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Kimberly, Idaho Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1926 EP - 1932 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - 15-30 KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13688999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Preventing+irrigation+furrow+erosion+with+small+applications+of+polymers&rft.au=Lentz%2C+R+D%3BShainberg%2C+I%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BCarter%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER -