TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-phase extraction method for the quantitative analysis of organochlorine pesticides in wildlife urine. AN - 79280095; 9293028 AB - A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of nine organochlorine pesticides in wildlife urine is described. Reversed-phase solid-phase extraction is utilized to extract the organochlorine pesticides from urine. The pesticides are recovered by elution with hexane-ethyl ether (1:1) and quantified by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Method detection limits range from 1.4 to 2.7 micrograms/L. Mean recoveries for all pesticides are 90.6%. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Petty, E E AU - Johnston, J J AU - Volz, S A AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC/National Wildlife Research Center, Analytical Chemistry Section, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 430 EP - 434 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Dogs KW - Carnivora -- urine KW - Quality Control KW - Animals, Wild -- urine KW - Pesticide Residues -- urine KW - Insecticides -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79280095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Solid-phase+extraction+method+for+the+quantitative+analysis+of+organochlorine+pesticides+in+wildlife+urine.&rft.au=Petty%2C+E+E%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BVolz%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Petty&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidant injury in PC12 cells--a possible model of calcium "dysregulation" in aging: I. Selectivity of protection against oxidative stress. AN - 79251597; 9282950 AB - Previous research has suggested that the initial effects of cellular free radical neurotoxic insult involve large increases in intracellular Ca2+. However, the exact role of oxidative stress on the various parameters involved in these increases has not been specified. The present experiments were performed to examine these parameters in PC12 cells exposed to 5, 25, or 300 microM H2O2 for 30 min in growth medium alone or containing either nifedipine (L-type Ca2+ antagonist), conotoxin (N-type antagonist), Trolox (vitamin E analogue), or alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone (nitrone trapping agent; PBN). The concentrations of H2O2 were chosen by examining the degree of cell killing induced by exposure to graded concentrations of H2O2. The 5 and 25 microM concentrations of H2O2 produced no significant cell killing at either 30 min or 24 h after treatment, whereas the 300 microM concentration produced a moderate degree of cell killing that did not increase between the two times. Fluorescent imaging was used to visualize intracellular Ca2+ changes in fura-2-loaded cells. Baseline (pre-30 mM KCl) Ca2+ levels were increased significantly by H2O2 treatment (e.g., 300 microM, 200%), but the rise in the level of free intracellular Ca2+ after KCl stimulation (i.e., peak) was decreased (e.g., 300 microM, 50%) and the cell's ability to sequester or extrude the excess Ca2+ (i.e., Ca2+ recovery time) after depolarization was decreased significantly. All compounds prevented baseline Ca2+ increases and, with the exception of conotoxin, antagonized the peak decreases in Ca2+. It is interesting that after 300 microM H2O2 exposure, only Trolox was partially effective in preventing these deficits in recovery. Conotoxin increased the decrement recovery in the absence of H2O2. However, in cells exposed to 5 or 25 microM H2O2, conotoxin as well as the other agents were effective in preventing the deficits in recovery. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - Joseph, J A AU - Strain, J G AU - Jimenez, N D AU - Fisher, D AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, U.S.A. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1252 EP - 1258 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Chromans KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Nifedipine KW - I9ZF7L6G2L KW - 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid KW - S18UL9710X KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nifedipine -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Chromans -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Models, Neurological KW - Time Factors KW - PC12 Cells KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79251597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Oxidant+injury+in+PC12+cells--a+possible+model+of+calcium+%22dysregulation%22+in+aging%3A+I.+Selectivity+of+protection+against+oxidative+stress.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BStrain%2C+J+G%3BJimenez%2C+N+D%3BFisher%2C+D&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a superactivated charcoal on the toxic effects of aflatoxin or T-2 toxin in growing broilers. AN - 79249499; 9276881 AB - To evaluate the effectiveness of a superactivated charcoal (SAC) in alleviating mycotoxicosis, two experiments were conducted in which 432 male broiler chicks (216 per experiment) were fed diets containing 4 mg aflatoxin (AF) or 6 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet, with and without 0.5% SAC, from 1 to 21 d of age. Feeding AF and T-2 toxin significantly decreased BW gain over the 21-d experimental period. Inclusion of SAC in the diet containing AF resulted in BW gains that were intermediate between gains of chicks fed AF and those of controls. No benefits were seen in BW gain when SAC + T-2 toxin was fed. Feeding AF increased relative weights of liver, spleen, and kidney; however, only liver weight in Experiment 1 was similar to controls when SAC was included. Of the blood parameters altered by AF (decreased cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and increased mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit in Experiment 1; decreased albumin and total protein, and increased creatine kinase in Experiment 2) only urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and inorganic phosphorus (Experiment 1) and hematocrit (Experiment 2) were comparable to controls when SAC was included in the diet. Feeding T-2 toxin decreased serum cholesterol, total protein, urea nitrogen, and mean corpuscular volume; however, only cholesterol and mean corpuscular volume were improved with the addition of SAC (Experiment 1). Oral lesions were observed in birds fed T-2 toxin with no difference in severity when SAC was added in Experiment 1, however in Experiment 2, birds fed SAC + T-2 had a significantly lower lesion scores than those fed T-2 alone. Mortality was noted in both experiments but was not influenced by SAC treatment. These findings suggest that the addition of dietary SAC is marginally effective in alleviating some of the toxic affects associated with AF, but was of little benefit when T-2 toxin was fed to growing broiler chicks. JF - Poultry science AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1205 EP - 1211 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Charcoal KW - 16291-96-6 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Creatine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.3.2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Spleen -- anatomy & histology KW - Administration, Oral KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Mouth Diseases -- pathology KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mouth Diseases -- veterinary KW - Mouth Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - Creatine Kinase -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - Incidence KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Charcoal -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - T-2 Toxin -- administration & dosage KW - Charcoal -- therapeutic use KW - Mycotoxicosis -- etiology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - T-2 Toxin -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79249499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+superactivated+charcoal+on+the+toxic+effects+of+aflatoxin+or+T-2+toxin+in+growing+broilers.&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidant injury in PC12 cells--a possible model of calcium "dysregulation" in aging: II. Interactions with membrane lipids. AN - 79248922; 9282951 AB - In a model recently developed to study the parameters altering vulnerability to oxidative stress, it was shown via image analysis that H2O2-exposed PC12 cells exhibited increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ (baseline), decreases in K+-stimulated Ca2+ levels (peak), and decreased poststimulation Ca2+ clearance (recovery). The present experiments were performed to determine if the response patterns in these parameters to oxidative stress would be altered after modification of membrane lipid composition induced by incubating the PC12 cells with 660 microM cholesterol (CHL) in the presence or absence of 500 microM sphingomyelin (SPH) before low (5 microM) or high (300 microM) H2O2 exposure. Neither CHL nor SPH had synergistic effects with high concentrations of H2O2 on baseline. However, CHL in the presence or absence of SPH reversed the effect of low concentrations of H2O2 on baseline. SPH decreased significantly the cell's ability to clear excess Ca2+ in the presence or absence of H2O2 and increased significantly the level of conjugated dienes (CDs). It is surprising that in the cells pretreated with CHL, the CD levels were not significantly different from controls. However, in the presence of SPH, the effects of CHL on CDs were altered. These results suggest that the ratios of membrane lipids could be of critical importance in determining the vulnerability to oxidative stress and Ca2+ translocation in membranes. This may be of critical importance in aging where there is increased membrane SPH and significant loss of calcium homeostasis. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - Denisova, N A AU - Strain, J G AU - Joseph, J A AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, U.S.A. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1259 EP - 1266 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - Membrane Lipids KW - 0 KW - Phospholipids KW - Sphingomyelins KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Sphingomyelins -- metabolism KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sphingomyelins -- pharmacology KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Cholesterol -- pharmacology KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Models, Neurological KW - Homeostasis KW - PC12 Cells KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Membrane Lipids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79248922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Oxidant+injury+in+PC12+cells--a+possible+model+of+calcium+%22dysregulation%22+in+aging%3A+II.+Interactions+with+membrane+lipids.&rft.au=Denisova%2C+N+A%3BStrain%2C+J+G%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Denisova&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and T-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol in broiler chicks. AN - 79244477; 9276886 AB - The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1), and 5 mg T-2 toxin (T-2)/kg of diet, or 15 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) from naturally contaminated wheat were evaluated in two studies in male broiler chicks from day of hatch to 19 or 21 d of age in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. When compared with controls, body weight gains were reduced 18 to 20% by FB1, 18% by T-2, 2% by DON, 32% by the FB1 and T-2 combination, and 19% by the FB1 and DON combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Mortality ranged from none for the controls to 15% for the FB1 and T-2 combination. Relative weights of the liver and kidney were significantly increased by FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Serum concentrations of cholesterol were increased in chicks fed FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were increased in chicks fed FB1 at 300 mg/kg alone and in combination with T-2 or DON, indicating possible tissue damage and leakage of the enzymes into the blood. Results indicate additive toxicity when chicks were fed diets containing 300 mg FB1 and 5 mg T-2/kg of diet and less than additive toxicity when chicks were fed 300 mg FB1 and 15 mg DON/kg of diet. Of importance to the poultry industry is the fact that toxic synergy was not observed for either of these toxin combinations and the likelihood of encountering FB1 at this concentration in finished feed is small. However, under field conditions with additional stress factors, the toxicity of these mycotoxins could be altered to adversely affect the health and performance of poultry. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Edrington, T S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Buckley, S A AU - Phillips, T D AU - Rottinghaus, G E AU - Casper, H H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1239 EP - 1247 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Drug Combinations KW - Fumonisins KW - Serum Albumin KW - Trichothecenes KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Gizzard, Avian -- anatomy & histology KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Organ Size KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Male KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- pharmacology KW - Fusarium -- isolation & purification KW - T-2 Toxin -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- adverse effects KW - Triticum -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - T-2 Toxin -- pharmacology KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - T-2 Toxin -- adverse effects KW - Trichothecenes -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79244477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+fumonisin+B1+present+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+and+T-2+toxin+or+deoxynivalenol+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E%3BCasper%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of atrazine positive and false positive immunoassay detections in ground water. AN - 79225483; 9269082 AB - False positive responses on an atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) immunoassay kit were investigated to explain possible causes for these occurrences. Ground water samples were evaluated with the immunoassay kit and positive responses (> 0.20 microgram L-1) were confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Non-confirming samples (false positives) were analyzed for seven additional compounds on GC. Resulting GC/MS and GC analyses showed that 70% of the false positives could be attributed to two compounds. Prometon (6-methoxy-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was responsible for the majority (64%) of the false positive responses The atrazine metabolite, deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), was responsible for the other 6% of the false positives measured. Unattributed false positives (30%) were probably due to an overestimation of pesticide concentrations in the kit's lower detection range. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Watts, D W AU - Novak, J M AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 659 EP - 671 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79225483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+atrazine+positive+and+false+positive+immunoassay+detections+in+ground+water.&rft.au=Watts%2C+D+W%3BNovak%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Woody and herbaceous competition effects on the growth of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines through 11 years AN - 755140501; 13669922 AB - Four levels of vegetative competition were used to quantify the growth of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in naturally regenerated, even-aged stands on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas, USA. Treatments included: (1) no competition control, (2) woody competition control, (3) herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. After pines became established from natural seeding, herbicides were used to control herbaceous plants for 4 consecutive years and woody plants for 5 consecutive years. Even though 89% of crop pines on untreated check plots were free-to-grow 11 years after establishment, crop pines on vegetation control plots were larger (P<0.001) in mean dbh, total height, and volume per tree. From age 5 through 11 years, crop pine diameter growth increased on woody control plots and decreased on herbaceous control plots because of hardwood competition in the latter treatment. At age 11, crop pine volume production averaged 207 m super(3)/ha on total control plots, 158 m super(3)/ha on herbaceous control plots, 130 m super(3)/ha on woody control plots, and 102 m super(3)/ha on untreated check plots. JF - New Forests AU - Cain, Michael D AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR, 71656-3516, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 107 EP - 125 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Growth rate KW - Growth KW - Pinus taeda KW - Forests KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Herbicides KW - USA, Southeast KW - Q5 01501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755140501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=Woody+and+herbaceous+competition+effects+on+the+growth+of+naturally+regenerated+loblolly+and+shortleaf+pines+through+11+years&rft.au=Cain%2C+Michael+D&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006512721318 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Growth; Forests; Herbicides; Pinus taeda; USA, Arkansas; USA, Southeast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006512721318 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of Stagonospora nodorum isolates from perennial grass hosts after passage through wheat AN - 17131633; 4432627 AB - Eleven isolates of Stagonospora nodorum from smooth brome, western wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, Altai wildrye, basin wildrye, and an Agropyron cross were passed through wheat five times using detached leaf inoculations. Lesion length, which was used as a measure of adaptation and aggressiveness, did not increase after passage through wheat. When the wheat-isolate check was removed from the analyses, the cultivar x isolate interactions were nonsignificant, indicating a lack of specificity among the original isolates and isolates passed through wheat. Inoculation of wheat seedlings in a glasshouse confirmed the results obtained with the detached leaf inoculations. These isolates showed no progressive adaptation to wheat and no significant change in their aggressiveness. This indicates that since most isolates from perennial grass hosts produce small lesions on wheat and do not easily adapt to wheat, they apparently would not cause severe symptoms on wheat. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Northern Great Plains Res. Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1037 EP - 1041 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - lesions KW - passage KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Stability+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+from+perennial+grass+hosts+after+passage+through+wheat&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggressiveness of Stagonospora nodorum isolates obtained from wheat in the northern Great Plains AN - 17102169; 4401346 AB - Isolates of Stagonospora nodorum, obtained from diseased wheat leaves collected in fields in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, were tested on detached seedling leaves of wheat and found to be pathogenic. Differences among isolates chosen at random were detected in the first phase of the inoculations. Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity, as measured by lesion size, were selected in phase two. Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity were statistically differentiated in phase three. The ability of isolates to cause significant differences in symptom severity was interpreted as differences in aggressiveness. The differences among isolates detected with detached leaf experiments was confirmed with glasshouse inoculations of seedling wheat plants. The high aggressive isolates consistently produced higher symptom severity on wheat seedlings, as measured by percentage necrosis, than low aggressive isolates. Cultivars were consistently differentiated with isolates associated with different levels of aggressiveness. With unselected isolates, the cultivar x isolate interaction was nonsignificant, indicating a lack of specificity. With high and low aggressive isolates, the cultivar x isolate interaction was significant. Considering that the magnitude of the mean squares for interactions were rather low compared to the main effects, it is speculated either that specificity is detected with the present isolates but only at a low level, or that specificity is apparent only when isolate extremes are tested. With studying isolates in phases rather than random comparisons, fungal isolates associated the high and low aggressiveness can be identified and, once identified, isolates from different hosts or geographical areas can be compared in an efficient and meaningful manner. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1027 EP - 1031 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - leaves KW - lesions KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aggressiveness+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+obtained+from+wheat+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggressiveness of Stagonospora nodorum isolates from perennial grasses on wheat AN - 17099648; 4401347 AB - Isolates of Stagonospora nodorum from 13 perennial grasses were tested on detached wheat leaves. Grass isolates that were consistently associated with large or small lesions were statistically differentiated. Some grass isolates were detected that were associated with large lesions on wheat (high symptom severity), but most isolates produced small lesions (mild level of symptom severity). The ability of grass isolates to cause significant differences in symptom severity, as measured by lesion length, was interpreted as differences in aggressiveness. Grass isolates that were associated with high symptom severity were found to be similar to selected wheat isolates in their level of aggressiveness. Results were confirmed with inoculations of seedling wheat plants in the glasshouse. Wheat cultivars were statistically differentiated from one another with all types of isolates. The cultivar X isolate interactions were, generally, not significant with unselected isolates, indicating a low possibility of specificity. In contrast, when isolates associated with large and small lesions were compared, the cultivar X isolate interaction was significant in most experiments, but the magnitude of the mean square for the interaction was low compared to the mean squares of the main effects. The ability of S. nodorum to infect perennial grasses would improve the likelihood of survival of this fungus between wheat crops. Because most isolates are not associated with severe symptom severity, their potential effect on wheat is probably less than would be expected considering the potential number of isolates available from the grasses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1032 EP - 1036 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - grasses KW - lesions KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17099648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aggressiveness+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+from+perennial+grasses+on+wheat&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of photoperiod on tuber production in various races of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) AN - 16539697; 4409906 AB - The potential for asexual reproduction through production of tubers was evaluated in various races of an International Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] germplasm collection. Interrace comparisons were made under both shortday and longday photoperiods in environmental growth chambers. All the races evaluated produced rates varying from 91-7182 tubers per sq m of production under shortday conditions. Tuber production occurred under longday photoperiods in several races. Under proper temperature conditions, all the monoecious races currently established in the U.S. appear capable of tuber production throughout the year. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Steward, K K AD - USDA/ARS Aquatic Plant Management Laboratory Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 57 EP - 42 VL - 354 IS - 1-3 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - aquatic plants KW - asexual reproduction KW - hydrilla KW - photoperiods KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Photoperiods KW - Population characteristics KW - Temperature KW - Aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - Population dynamics KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Aquatic weeds KW - Asexual reproduction KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Influence+of+photoperiod+on+tuber+production+in+various+races+of+hydrilla+%28Hydrilla+verticillata%29&rft.au=Steward%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Steward&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asexual reproduction; Aquatic weeds; Population characteristics; Photoperiods; Aquatic plants; Temperature; Population dynamics; Freshwater weeds; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of RT-PCR for indexing avocado sunblotch viroid AN - 16531595; 4389461 AB - A method for the routine detection of avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) in nucleic acid extracts of infected avocado tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed using ASBVd-specific primers. Amplified cDNA products were analyzed by electrophoresis on nondenaturing 6% polyacrylamide slab gels. The size of the major RT-PCR product from ASBVd-infected tissue was estimated to be 250 bp. This product was absent from amplified extracts of uninfected tissue. The amplification product from ASBVd was sequenced by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method, and the sequence was over 97% identical to the published sequence. The RT-PCR assay is sensitive enough to allow viroid detection without requiring large amounts of tissue, highly purified ASBVd, or molecular hybridization. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schnell, R J AU - Kuhn, D N AU - Ronning, C M AU - Harkins, D AD - USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1023 EP - 1026 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - viroids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16531595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Application+of+RT-PCR+for+indexing+avocado+sunblotch+viroid&rft.au=Schnell%2C+R+J%3BKuhn%2C+D+N%3BRonning%2C+C+M%3BHarkins%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schnell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ethanol concentration and stripping temperature on continuous fermentation rate AN - 16520828; 4327805 AB - The operation of a pilot plant consisting of a 14-1 fermentor, 10-cm packed column and condenser for continuous fermentation and stripping of ethanol was stable for more than 100 days. The feed consisted of a non-sterile solution of 560 g/l glucose with 100 g/l corn steep water. Fouling of the packing in the column with attached growth of yeast cells was controlled by in situ washing at intervals of 3-6 days. A computer simulation of the pilot plant was developed and used to analyze the data. The productivity of the continuous fermentor varied from 14 g ethanol to 17 g ethanol l super(-1) h super(-1). The yield was equal to the maximum theoretically possible: 0.51 g ethanol/g glucose consumed. Results are fit to linear models for the effects of ethanol concentration on specific growth rate and cell yield, and for the effect of stripping temperature on specific growth rate. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Taylor, F AU - Kurantz, MJ AU - Goldberg, N AU - Craig, JC Jr AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 311 EP - 316 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - continuous culture KW - ethanol KW - fermentation KW - temperature KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16520828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ethanol+concentration+and+stripping+temperature+on+continuous+fermentation+rate&rft.au=Taylor%2C+F%3BKurantz%2C+MJ%3BGoldberg%2C+N%3BCraig%2C+JC+Jr&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of bialaphos and phosphinothricin on plant regeneration from long- and short-term callus cultures of Gladiolus AN - 16471498; 4414030 AB - Callus was initiated from in vitro-grown plants of Gladiolus cultivars `Jenny Lee' and `Florida Flame.' The age of callus used for regeneration of plants was either 9 mo. old or 8 yr old from `Jenny Lee,' and 4 mo. old from `Florida Flame.' Regeneration medium consisted of Murashige and Skoog's basal salts medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l (9.3 mu M) kinetin. This medium was supplemented with various concentrations of either bialaphos (Meiji Seika, Tokyo, Japan) or phosphinothricin (Hoechst-Roussell, Frankfurt, Germany). Bialaphos was more effective than phosphinothricin at stimulating plant regeneration. Plants regenerated from 8-yr-old callus of `Jenny Lee' only when the regeneration medium was supplemented with 0.10 mg/l bialaphos. A bialaphos concentration of 0.01 mg/l stimulated regeneration from 9-mo.-old callus of cultivar `Jenny Lee' and 4-mo.-old callus of `Florida Flame.'. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Kamo, K AU - Van Eck, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture National Arboretum, Agricultural Research Service, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, B-010A, Room 238 BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 180 EP - 183 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - bialaphos KW - callus culture KW - phosphinothricin KW - regeneration KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16471498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Effect+of+bialaphos+and+phosphinothricin+on+plant+regeneration+from+long-+and+short-term+callus+cultures+of+Gladiolus&rft.au=Kamo%2C+K%3BVan+Eck%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kamo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of minimal bactericidal and effective antibiotic treatment concentrations for bacterial contaminants from micropropagated strawberries AN - 16466514; 4414039 AB - Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined for 16 bacterial strains isolated from strawberry runners. Bacteria were treated with single antibiotics: Timentin, streptomycin sulfate, gentamicin, and dihydrostreptomycin; and with combinations of two or three antibiotics: Timentin, streptomycin sulfate, and gentamicin. Combinations of the three antibiotics (12) were effective with all bacteria tested and were then used to treat contaminated plantlets. Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv. Jucunda inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria or Pseudomonas corrugata were grown for 1 wk, then treated with combinations of Timentin, streptomycin, and gentamicin. Antibiotic treatments were 100% effective in eliminating P. corrugata from `Jucunda,' but only 23% of the plants inoculated with X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were freed of the bacteria. Phytotoxicity was observed only at high antibiotic concentrations. Detection of bacteria from treated plants was most effective after one subculture, as antibiotics continued to inhibit bacterial growth on detection medium immediately after treatment. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Tanprasert, P AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 227 EP - 230 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - antibiotics KW - contaminants KW - micro propagation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16466514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Determination+of+minimal+bactericidal+and+effective+antibiotic+treatment+concentrations+for+bacterial+contaminants+from+micropropagated+strawberries&rft.au=Tanprasert%2C+P%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Tanprasert&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoextraction of cadmium and zinc from a contaminated soil AN - 16422913; 4320945 AB - To identify populations with the ability to accumulate heavy metals, approximately 300 accessions pertaining to 30 plant species were grown for 4 wk in hydroponic media that approximated the nutrient and heavy metal composition of a soil contaminated with moderate levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). The results indicated that several Brassica spp. exhibited moderately enhanced Zn and Cd accumulation. Selected accessions of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, B. napus L., and B. rapa L. were then grown in pots with heavy metal-contaminated soil to compare the Zn and Cd phytoextraction by these species to that of Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl, a known Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator, and two grass species, Agrostis capillaris L. and Festuca rubra L. The three Brassica spp. were the most effective in removing Zn from the contaminated soil, primarily because they produced more than 10 times the shoot biomass produced by T. caerulescens. When the soil was amended with Gro-Power, a commercial soil amendment that improves soil structure and fertility, removal of Zn by plant shoots doubled to more than 30 000 mg Zn pot super(-1) (4.5 kg). The results suggest that for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils to be successful, a strategy should be considered that combines rapid screening of plant species possessing the ability to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals with agronomic practices that enhance shoot biomass production and/or increase metal bioavailability in the rhizosphere. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Lasat, M M AU - Brady, D J AU - Cornish, J AU - Gordon, R AU - Kochian, LV AD - U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1424 EP - 1430 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phytoextraction+of+cadmium+and+zinc+from+a+contaminated+soil&rft.au=Ebbs%2C+S+D%3BLasat%2C+M+M%3BBrady%2C+D+J%3BCornish%2C+J%3BGordon%2C+R%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Ebbs&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of epiphyte removal efficiency from submersed aquatic plants AN - 16361517; 4259015 AB - Three independent methods were used to quantify the efficiency of a mechanical agitation technique for the removal of epiphytes from four submersed macrophyte species. Time course samples were collected for epiphytic chlorophyll, dry weight, and algal and diatom cell counts following cumulative agitation periods of 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s. Statistically identical removal efficiencies were found for all macrophyte host species. Mean removal time for over 88% removal efficiency was 40 plus or minus 6 s. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Zimba, P V AU - Hopson AD - USDA-ARS, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 173 EP - 179 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - methodology KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophyll KW - Statistical analysis KW - Diatoms KW - Substrate preferences KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Submergence KW - Algae KW - Aquatic plants KW - Cleaning KW - Methodology KW - Macrophytes KW - Epiphytes KW - K 03068:Algae KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16361517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+epiphyte+removal+efficiency+from+submersed+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BHopson&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophytes; Interspecific relationships; Substrate preferences; Statistical analysis; Aquatic plants; Diatoms; Submergence; Epiphytes; Methodology; Cleaning; Algae; Chlorophyll ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of a sucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides AN - 16329261; 4264980 AB - A sucrase gene from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The cloned enzyme did not show dextransucrase or sucrose phosphorylase activity. HPLC and GC-MS analyses of the sucrase products indicated the presence of fructose and glucose in equimolar amounts. IPTG induction did not increase sucrase activity in E. coli indicating that the cloned gene may be transcribed from its own promoter. To our knowledge, this is the first sucrase cloned from L. mesenteroides that has invertase activity. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Holt, S M AU - Cote, G L AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61601, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 903 EP - 907 VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - cloning KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16329261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+sucrase+from+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides&rft.au=Holt%2C+S+M%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow cytometric analysis of conidia of fungi isolated from soybean vascular tissue AN - 16327607; 4264746 AB - Flow cytometry was used to characterize isolates of Phalophora gregata using the fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide-stained conidia. The isolates differed in their mean fluorescence intensity, ranging from 100.0 to 129.7 arbitrary units (AU). When the number of fluorescent events was plotted against intensity of fluorescence, a single peak was observed. Fluorescent patterns of Acremonium isolates from soybean vascular tissue were compared with those of P. gregata. Their mean fluorescence intensity ranged from 76.4 to 88.0 AU. With some of these isolates, multiple peak histograms were observed, corresponding to multiple spore sizes as well as single and double nucleated conidia. Using flow cytometry, we were able to distinguish P. gregata isolates from those of Acremonium, based on mean fluorescence intensity and/or the presence of multiple peaks. Flow cytometric analysis of propidium-iodide stained conidia of Phialophora isolates should prove to be useful for determining the relative DNA content of different isolates collected from different geographic areas. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Gourmet, C AU - Gray, LE AU - Rayburn, AL AD - USDA/ARS, 238 EASB, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 405 EP - 408 VL - 145 IS - 8-9 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - conidia KW - flow cytometry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16327607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Flow+cytometric+analysis+of+conidia+of+fungi+isolated+from+soybean+vascular+tissue&rft.au=Gourmet%2C+C%3BGray%2C+LE%3BRayburn%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Gourmet&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control and plant diseases - A new paradigm AN - 16321205; 4254421 AB - Words are the symbols with which we think. Therefore, our thoughts are profoundly influenced by how we define our words. The definitions that we give words constitute 'mini-paradigms' which encapsulate ideas. These 'mini-paradigms' if precisely defined can facilitate concise thinking. If poorly defined, our understanding becomes muddled. A variety of definitions have been presented for 'biological control' in plant pathology. Earlier definitions took their roots in entomology where the emphasis in biological control is on the use of predaceous or parasitic organisms. More recent definitions of biological control of plant diseases have emphasized the use of biological processes and products, as well as organisms as biological control agents. Initially, plant pathologists adopted the entomologist's classical definition of biological control which involves, 'the actions of parasites, predators, and pathogens in maintaining another organism's density at a lower average that would occur in their absence.' This narrow 'one on one' (organism vs organism) definition of biological control limits us from thinking of 'biological control systems' which would include interactions of biocontrol agents with the pest, environment, and disease process. In an attempt to broaden the biological control concept for entomology, Barbosa and Braxton have expanded the definition of biological control to include 'Parabiological Control' as a manipulation of the pest or the pest's resources to favor control of a pest. A fundamental difference exists between the objects to be controlled by entomologists and plant pathologists. Entomologists are targeting primarily an organism (the insect), while plant pathologists are targeting a process (the disease), as well as the organism (pathogen). Strategies for controlling the disease process (therapy) can differ from those used to control the pathogen. Gabriel and Cook have proposed that the many methods of pest and disease control be divided simply into biological, physical, and chemical. They include the use of natural or modified organisms, genes, or gene products (delivered by organisms) in their definition. A distinction is made between chemicals 'delivered' by living organisms and chemicals 'extracted' from living organisms, the former being biological control and the latter being chemical control according to their view. Definitions are both inclusive and exclusive. The clarity with which distinctions are made between that which is included and that which is excluded is the key to a good definition. Also, the inclusiveness and exclusivity of a definition affects relationships among the components of a definition and the subsequent evolution of scientific thought. For example, if genetic resistance is not considered biological control, scientists and concepts in biological control and genetic resistance will evolve independently. As we gain deeper insight into biological control systems for plant diseases, it becomes apparent that a broader definition of biological control is required to encompass the complex interactions that occur. In our studies of yeast antagonists that control postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables, we have discovered that the mode of action is mediated both by the antagonist and the host. In the classical sense certain antagonistic yeasts attach to the pathogen and degrade their cell walls. They also compete at the wound site with the pathogen for space and nutrients. It has also been found that yeasts antagonistic to postharvest pathogens can 'turn on' host defense reactions to disease, such as defensive enzymes and anatomical barriers. In order for a definition of biological control to include these phenomena, it would have to include the host response to disease, as well as the 'one on one' interaction of the antagonist and pathogen. I would like to present a definition of biological control of plant diseases that is more inclusive than previous definitions. My purpose in doing this is to create a paradigm which does not exclude all the elements which are involved in naturally occurring biological control systems. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Wilson, CL AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneyville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 158 EP - 159 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - plant diseases KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biological+control+and+plant+diseases+-+A+new+paradigm&rft.au=Wilson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of the mycotoxin fumonisin B sub(1) by a combination of immunofluorescence and capillary electrophoresis AN - 16317369; 4255257 AB - The specificity of antibodies has been combined with the speed and resolving power of capillary electrophoresis for application to the analysis of the mycotoxin fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)). The assay was based upon the competition between unlabeled FB sub(1) (i.e. from a sample) and a fluorescein-labeled FB sub(1) reagent (FB sub(1)-FL). The FB sub(1)-FL was prepared by derivatizing FB sub(1) with fluorescein isothiocyanate and was purified with affinity columns consisting of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against fumonisins (clone P2A5-3-F3) coupled to agarose. The purified FB sub(1)-FL was subjected to capillary zone electrophoresis. Addition of purified MAb to FB sub(1)-FL before separation resulted in the formation of a complex (MAb times FB sub(1)-FL) with resulting quenching of fluorescence and decrease in the intensity of the FB sub(1)-FL peak. When unlabeled FB sub(1) was also added to the reaction mixture the FB sub(1) and FB sub(1)-FL competed for the limited amount of antibody present causing the FB sub(1)-FL peak to increase in direct proportion to the amount of unlabeled FB sub(1) present. Fumonisin standards could be analyzed with this technique with a total analysis time of 6 min, 2 min of which was required for washing the capillary between analyses. The concentration of unlabeled FB sub(1) required to obtain 50% of the maximum fluorescence (IC sub(50)) was highly dependent upon the antibody concentration and ranged from 58 to 4170 ng ml super(-1) at 15-75 mu g ml super(-1) of antibody. The optimum performance was seen with 25-50 mu g ml super(-1) of antibody, with IC sub(50)'s between 500 and 1700 ng ml super(-1) of FB sub(1). The technique was applied to a limited number of corn samples spiked with high levels of FB sub(1) (> 10 ppm). This technology holds considerable promise for the rapid analysis of mycotoxins in foods. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Maragos, C M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 147 EP - 157 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - gel electrophoresis KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - mycotoxins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+the+mycotoxin+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+by+a+combination+of+immunofluorescence+and+capillary+electrophoresis&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial selection strategies that enhance the likelihood of developing commercial biological control products AN - 16314954; 4254415 AB - Research interest in utilizing microorganisms to create a microbial environment suppressive to plant pathogens has increased exponentially in recent years. Despite intense interest in developing biological control agents, relatively few antagonists have achieved 'commercial product' status. The fact that such a small proportion of active laboratory antagonists are developed into biological control products is partly due to several features common to microbial selection strategies that are widely utilized to obtain putative biological control agents: (a) relatively few candidate microorganisms are tested; (b) microbes are selected based on the results of an assay that does not replicate field conditions; and (c) the amenability of microbes to commercial development is excluded as a selection criterion. Selection strategies that enhance the likelihood of developing commercial biological control products are described. These include making appropriate choices regarding the pathosystem for biological control, the method of microbe isolation, and the method of isolate characterization and performance evaluation. A model system of developing a biological control product active against Gibberella pulicaris (Fries) Sacc. (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel), the primary causal agent of Fusarium dry rot of stored potatoes, is used to illustrate the proposed selection strategy concepts. The crucial importance and methodology is described, of selecting strains with enhanced potential for commercial development based on a strain exhibiting both favorable growth kinetics and bioefficacy when grown in commercially feasible liquid media. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Schisler, DA AU - Slininger, P J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 172 EP - 179 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - microorganisms KW - plant diseases KW - reviews KW - selection KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16314954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+selection+strategies+that+enhance+the+likelihood+of+developing+commercial+biological+control+products&rft.au=Schisler%2C+DA%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An alginate prill formulation of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f. sp. erythroxyli for biocontrol of Erythroxylum coca var. coca AN - 16313903; 4251961 AB - A rice alginate prill formulation of isolate EN-4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli, pathogenic to Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca), was evaluated in greenhouse and field studies for its ability to enhance pathogen populations in the soil and cause disease in coca. The formulation was applied to four different soil types in the greenhouse at 33.6 kg ha super(-1). It enhanced the population of EN-4 in each soil and most (> 90%) of the fungal population remained in the upper 5 cm of soil during the 49-day experiment. When applied in field experiments, the formulation enhanced the population of EN-4 in the soil. Isolate EN-4 was present in the upper 7.6 cm of soil 28 days after application at populations similar to those in the greenhouse studies (1 x 10 super(3) to 1 x 10 super(4) colony-forming units (CFUs)/g of soil). Elevated populations of the pathogen (1 x 10 super(2) CFUs/g of soil) were still present in treated soils 229 days after application of the formulation. The areas used for field studies were already infested with the pathogen and typically developed high levels of fusarium wilt within 2 years of planting with coca. The formulated F. oxysporum began having a significant effect on plant death 100-200 days after application based on repeated measures analysis. These data suggest that a formulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli which enhances the incidence of fusarium wilt in coca fields can be produced using established techniques. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Bailey, BA AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Strem, M AU - Darlington, L C AU - Lumsden, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, Room 275, Building 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 423 EP - 435 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - alginate KW - biological control KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=An+alginate+prill+formulation+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+Schlechtend%3AFr.+f.+sp.+erythroxyli+for+biocontrol+of+Erythroxylum+coca+var.+coca&rft.au=Bailey%2C+BA%3BHebbar%2C+K+P%3BStrem%2C+M%3BDarlington%2C+L+C%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically-based alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases AN - 16313309; 4254418 AB - Recently, biological control has been advanced as an alternative to synthetic fungicides and considerable success in laboratory and pilot scale tests has been realized utilizing antagonistic microorganisms to control postharvest diseases. Several antagonistic yeasts and bacteria have been isolated and shown to have a broad spectrum of activity against a number of postharvest pathogens on a variety of fruit. However, for biological control methods to emerge as an economically viable option, their consistency and efficacy in controlling postharvest decay needs to be enhanced to a level comparable to that of synthetic fungicides. This could be possible through an integrated strategy that exploits the additive and synergistic effects of different biological approaches. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - El-Ghaouth, A AD - USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 160 EP - 162 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - post-harvest decay KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biologically-based+alternatives+to+synthetic+fungicides+for+the+control+of+postharvest+diseases&rft.au=El-Ghaouth%2C+A&rft.aulast=El-Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing nutritional conditions for the liquid culture production of effective fungal biological control agents AN - 16312051; 4254420 AB - Spores of fungal pathogens of weeds and insects are unique in their ability to actively infect and kill their pest host. While these capabilities are advantageous in terms of their use as a contact biological control agent, or biopesticide, they also require special consideration during spore production. Directed approaches to medium optimization must consider not only spore yield but also spore qualities such as desiccation tolerance, stability as a dry preparation, and biocontrol efficacy. Nutritional conditions during culture growth and sporulation should direct the accumulation of appropriate endogenous reserves so that newly formed spores possess these advantageous qualities. Studies with the bioherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum truncatum and with the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus have demonstrated the impact of nutrition on spore 'fitness' for use as a biological control agent. The optimization strategy used in these nutritional studies as well as a comparison of the results are presented. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Jackson, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 180 EP - 187 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - liquid culture KW - nutrient status KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16312051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Optimizing+nutritional+conditions+for+the+liquid+culture+production+of+effective+fungal+biological+control+agents&rft.au=Jackson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial deletion of transposon Tn4560 integrated into the genome of Streptomyces tendae AN - 16310598; 4254965 AB - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing experiments were done to determine whether all of Tn4560, a Streptomyces transposon, integrated into the genomes of three nikkomycin nonproducing mutants. A deletion of 279 bases occurred at one end of Tn4560 while present in the genome of one of the mutants. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Engel, P AU - Lax, A R AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 225 EP - 228 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - DNA KW - deletion KW - hybridization analysis KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - transposon Tn4560 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Partial+deletion+of+transposon+Tn4560+integrated+into+the+genome+of+Streptomyces+tendae&rft.au=Engel%2C+P%3BLax%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine sorption at the field scale in relation to soils and landscape position AN - 16289020; 4299765 AB - Understanding the spatial variation of herbicide sorption in soils is important in determining the potential for leaching at the field scale. Our objectives were to determine the spatial variability of atrazine sorption (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) at the field scale and to relate sorption partition coefficients (K sub(d)) to landscape position and soil survey map units. Atrazine sorption was measured on 241 surface samples from a 6.25-ha field using batch-equilibration methods. Field-scale variability in atrazine sorption coefficients was described using spherical semivariograms. Less than 20% of the total semivariance in atrazine K sub(d) values was found at lag distances < 10 m, indicating there was relatively little variability at this scale. Multiple regression analyses using pooled data revealed that atrazine sorption was influenced by soil organic C, pH and, to a lesser extent, soil clay. We also evaluated the relationship of atrazine sorption to landscape position and soil series. Less atrazine was sorbed by soils from upland shoulder slopes than by soil in level and depressional areas (potholes). Soils from foot slope and back slope lundscape positions were intermediate in atrazine sorption. The magnitude of atrazine sorption by soils in different landscape positions was also related to variations in soil organic C content, pH, and clay content. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Novak, J M AU - Moorman, T B AU - Cambardella, CA AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1271 EP - 1277 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Atrazine+sorption+at+the+field+scale+in+relation+to+soils+and+landscape+position&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BCambardella%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation and bark beetle dynamics AN - 16268358; 4267942 AB - Bark beetle populations may undergo dramatic fluctuations and are often important pests in coniferous forests. Their dynamics are thought to be primarily driven by factors affecting the resistance of the host tree to attack, i.e., bottom-up forces, while natural enemies are usually assigned a minor role in these systems. I present behavioral experiments that suggest that the clerid beetle Thanasimus dubius may be an important source of mortality for the bark beetle Dendroctonus frontalis during attack of the host tree, and determine the nature of the functional response of T. dubius under conditions close to natural. I also examine the numerical response of T. dubius to large-scale fluctuations in D. frontalis density, and the relationship between bark beetle population trends and predator density, and find that beetle populations tend to decline when predator densities are high. Combined with the effects of clerid larvae on bark beetle broods, these results suggest that top-down forces generated by natural enemies could also be an important component of bark beetle dynamics. The implications of these results for bark beetle dynamics are discussed in relation to the prolonged life-cycle of clerid beetles. JF - Oecologia AU - Reeve, J D AD - Southern Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 48 EP - 54 VL - 112 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Checkered beetles KW - Engraver beetles KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - population dynamics KW - predation KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16268358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Predation+and+bark+beetle+dynamics&rft.au=Reeve%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential sampling for adult coccinellids in wheat AN - 16249582; 4239036 AB - Adult aphidophagous coccinellids are important predators of cereal aphids in wheat in the Great Plains of the United States for which sampling methods are needed to facilitate improved management. An equation relating the mean number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) in a wheat field to its variance was obtained using Taylor's power law. A sequential sampling procedure was developed to estimate the number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) with constant average statistical precision (standard error/mean). The procedure was constructed by an equation relating the number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) to the number of adult coccinellids per minute of counting incorporating into the Taylor's power law relationship. The procedure involves conducting a series of 1-min counts while walking through a field at a constant velocity of 10 m per minute. After each 1-min count sequential sampling stop-lines are consulted to determine if the specified level of precision has been achieved. Two methods, a statistical procedure and comparison with independent data, were used to assess the consistency with which the specified level of precision was achieved by the procedure. Results indicated that observed precision was close to that specified by the user over a wide range of adult coccinellid density. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Elliot, N C AU - Michels, GJ Jr AU - Kieckhefer, R W AU - French, B W AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Sci. Res. Lab., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 267 EP - 273 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - USA KW - adults KW - sampling KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Sequential+sampling+for+adult+coccinellids+in+wheat&rft.au=Elliot%2C+N+C%3BMichels%2C+GJ+Jr%3BKieckhefer%2C+R+W%3BFrench%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stopping erosion with gypsum and PAM AN - 16249456; 4239376 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 Soil Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 18 EP - 20 VL - 45 IS - 9 KW - PAM KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Stopping+erosion+with+gypsum+and+PAM&rft.au=Norton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal distributions of parasitoids of Mexican Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) within the canopies of fruit trees AN - 16232990; 4224268 AB - In Veracruz State, Mexico, the temporal and spatial distributions of 5 species of parasitic Hymenoptera attacking larvae of 5 Anastrepha species in 7 species of fruit tree canopies were examined. Parasitism by Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) (Braconidae), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Braconidae), and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Braconidae) was higher in 3 of 4 significant cases in the lower portions of the canopies. U. anastrephae was more abundant in the interior of canopies (2 cases), whereas D. areolatus was more common in the margins (1 case). In 6 of 7 instances the mean sizes of fruits containing parasitoids were smaller than those of infested fruits without parasitoids. U. anastrephae attacked larvae in a narrow range of smaller host-fruit species relative to other parasitoids. The efficiency (proportion of larvae attacked in a fruit) of D. longicaudata compared to that of other parasitoids increased with fruit size. D. longicaudata may be better able to locate or attack hosts in larger fruits. In all of 17 instances there were on average more host larvae in fruits containing parasitoids than in fruits without parasitoids. In all of 18 significant instances the larval density (larvae per gram weight of fruit) was higher in fruits that contained parasitoids than in fruits that did not. Parasitism by D. areolatus, Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck), D. longicaudata, and U. anastrephae often changed over time during the fruiting period, but was as likely to decrease as increase. D. areolatus had a pattern of decreasing parasitism during the fruiting periods of individual trees as the season changed from rainy to dry. There were only a few instances of significant relationships between parasitism and local differences in the canopy with respect to fruit numbers, host numbers, and host density. In 2 instances there were significant negative relationships between parasitism caused by the commonly cooccurring D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. In 2 other cases, parasitism by D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata was positively correlated. D. longicaudata is a recent introduction to Mexico and the positive relationships may indicate a niche overlap not present between the 2 native species, D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. Fewer than expected numbers of fruits containing both D. areolatus and U. anastrephae together was further evidence of niche differences. This pattern did not occur in fruits containing D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata. Information on the distribution of parasitoids at levels ranging from within canopies to across regions may guide biological control efforts, allowing the match of candidate species to locations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Sivinski, J AU - Aluja, M AU - Lopez, M AD - Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 604 EP - 618 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Canopies KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Hymenoptera KW - Mexico KW - Phenology KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+distributions+of+parasitoids+of+Mexican+Anastrepha+species+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+within+the+canopies+of+fruit+trees&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J%3BAluja%2C+M%3BLopez%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spring emergence by larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): A hedge against high-risk conditions AN - 16229254; 4224259 AB - Temperature-dependent thermal responses of postdiapause eggs of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.), one of the earliest spring emergent caterpillars in eastern North America, were described from a laboratory study of the effects of constant temperature on larval emergence from egg masses collected weekly and a field study of emergence of the 1st larva per egg mass (H sub(0)) and subsequent daily emergence of larvae from egg masses on host trees in Maryland. Cumulative weekly increases in thermal units decreased the time of H sub(0) of field-collected eggs incubated at controlled temperatures but had no effect on the lower larval development threshold (T sub(b)). The number of larvae emerging daily from egg masses held at controlled temperatures was temperature-dependent, asynchronous, and indicated that diapause of the pharate larva was terminated before 31 January. For 3 consecutive years, the H sub(0) among annually deposited egg masses on the same tree was asynchronous, several days lapsing between the 1st and last H sub(0). The daily rate of emergence among individual egg masses on the same tree also was asynchronous. The number of days to estimated median larval emergence (E sub(50)) was variable, and the length of larval emergence averaged 12 plus or minus 1.2 d. Daily emergence appears to be relatively independent of temperature. Thus, reducing the risk of mortality of early instars from late winter storms by asynchronous emergence in early spring is a behavior that is apparently random and appears to be under genetic control. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Neal, JW Jr AU - Chittams, J L AU - Bentz, J-A AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 010 A, 1300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 596 EP - 603 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Eastern tent caterpillars KW - Emergence KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tent caterpillar moths KW - Tent caterpillars KW - USA, Maryland KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16229254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spring+emergence+by+larvae+of+the+eastern+tent+caterpillar+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lasiocampidae%29%3A+A+hedge+against+high-risk+conditions&rft.au=Neal%2C+JW+Jr%3BChittams%2C+J+L%3BBentz%2C+J-A&rft.aulast=Neal&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model for multi-stand management based on structural attributes of individual stands AN - 16217129; 4209474 AB - A growing interest in managing forest ecosystems calls for decision models that take into account attribute goals for large forest areas while continuing to recognize the individual stand as a basic unit of forest management. A dynamic, nonlinear forest management model is described that schedules silvicultural treatments for individual stands that are linked by multi-stand management constraints. A growth model useful for many eastern forest types accounts for stand dynamics resulting from cutting decisions. This modeling approach provides a framework for coordinating management goals over many stands while meeting the practical need for stand-level cutting prescriptions. An example problem demonstrates how to measure the tradeoff between economic efficiency and tree species diversity. Dimension limits and solver efficiency are discussed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Miller, G W AU - Sullivan, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 261 EP - 271 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Model+for+multi-stand+management+based+on+structural+attributes+of+individual+stands&rft.au=Miller%2C+G+W%3BSullivan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile allelochemicals released by crucifer green manures AN - 16119289; 4210187 AB - Several members of the crucifer family (Brassicaceae), including white mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), brown mustard [B. juncea (L.) Coss], black mustard [B. nigra (L.) Koch], leafy turnip (B. campestris L.), rapeseed (B. napus L.), and garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) were examined for their potential as allelopathic green manure crops. Hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. Ex A. W. Hill] germination and fresh weight was inhibited by chopped leaf tissues of all green manures tested, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), when added to a sandy loam soil. Wheat seed germination was inhibited only by B. nigra, B. hirta, and L. sativum, although none of the treatments reduced fresh weight of germinated seedlings. The major volatiles released by chopped plants were determined by solid-phase microextraction sampling and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatiles included allyl isothiocyanate (allyl-ITC), 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate (benzyl-ITC), cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and trans-2-hexenal. These compounds, together with methyl-ITC (methyl-ITC), beta -phenylethyl-ITC, benzaldehyde, beta -ocimene, and alpha -farnesene were tested for inhibition of seed germination of several crop and weed species when applied as volatiles. Of these, allyl-ITC and methyl-ITC were the most inhibitory, completely inhibiting the germination of all species at a headspace gas concentration of 1 ppm in airtight glass containers. Selecting mustard green manures that release high levels of allyl-ITC would appear to be optimal for allelopathic activity, and plants that produce high levels of benzyl-ITC also appear promising. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Boydston, R A AD - Bioactive Agents Res., USDA, ARS, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 2107 EP - 2116 VL - 23 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Mustards KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - weed control KW - Brassicaceae KW - seed germination KW - allelochemicals KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatile+allelochemicals+released+by+crucifer+green+manures&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BBoydston%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brassicaceae; allelochemicals; seed germination; weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of whole-cell antigens of pressure- and formalin-killed Flexibacter columnaris from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) AN - 16103627; 4204435 AB - To identify and compare immunodominant antigens in whole-cell lysates of pressure- and formalin-killed Flexibacter columnaris. Animals - Sera from naturally infected and vaccinated channel catfish. Procedures - Whole-cell lysates of pressure- and formalin-killed F columnaris were compared, and antigens were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigens were identified by staining, western blotting, and specific monoclonal antibodies to glycoproteins. Western blotting was performed, using sera from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with naturally acquired F columnaris infection and sera from channel catfish vaccinated with an experimental prototype F columnaris vaccine. Results - Whole-cell lysates of pressure and formalin-killed F columnaris shared 4 proteins: 100, 80, 66, and 60 kd. The 60-kd antigen was a glycoprotein. Western blotting, using sera from naturally infected channel catfish, revealed the same proteins for pressure- and for malin-killed F columnaris. Sera from vaccinated fish reacted only to pressure-killed lysate antigens. Conclusions - Pressure- and formalin-killed F columnaris whole-cell lysates share 100-, 80-, 66-, and 60- kd proteins and are recognized by antibodies from naturally infected catfish and those vaccinated with formalin-killed F columnaris. Formalin treatment modifies or inactivates the 60-kd protein antigens, rendering them unrecognizable to antibodies from channel catfish naturally infected with F columnaris, suggesting that formalin-killed F columnaris may not be suitable for use as a bacterin against columnaris disease. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Bader, JA AU - Klesius, PH AU - Vinitnantharat, S AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., Auburn, AL 36830, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 985 EP - 988 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - fish diseases KW - formaldehyde KW - husbandry diseases KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - pressure KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Flexibacter columnaris KW - antigens KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - Q4 27360:Vaccines KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16103627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+whole-cell+antigens+of+pressure-+and+formalin-killed+Flexibacter+columnaris+from+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29&rft.au=Bader%2C+JA%3BKlesius%2C+PH%3BVinitnantharat%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bader&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; vaccines; fish diseases; pressure; husbandry diseases; antigens; Flexibacter columnaris; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proteinase-mediated insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins AN - 16085670; 4116716 AB - Two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-resistant strains of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, lack a major gut proteinase that activates Bt protoxins. The absence of this enzyme is genetically linked to larval survival on Bt-treated diets. When considered with previous data supporting the existence of receptor-mediated insect resistance to Bt, these results provide evidence that insect adaptation to these toxins occurs through multiple physiological mechanisms, which complicate efforts to prevent or manage resistance to Bt in insect control programs. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Oppert, B AU - Kramer, K J AU - Beeman, R W AU - Johnson, D AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502-2736, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 23473 EP - 23476 VL - 272 IS - 38 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - proteinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biological control KW - plant protection KW - toxins KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16085670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Proteinase-mediated+insect+resistance+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis+toxins&rft.au=Oppert%2C+B%3BKramer%2C+K+J%3BBeeman%2C+R+W%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Oppert&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=38&rft.spage=23473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; toxins; plant protection; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health issues in aquaculture. AN - 79565128; 9501378 AB - The authors address the public health issues associated with the consumption of aquacultural products using numerous examples from the United States of America. As with other foods, public health risks exist but these mostly involve open water environments or products which are consumed raw or undercooked. Unlike wild fisheries, inland aquaculture systems can minimise public health risks by proper site evaluation and good aquacultural practices. Responsible use of pesticides and therapeutants can prevent violative residues to assure product safety and wholesomeness. The implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point regulations will further enhance the preventive approach to hazards control. The most challenging public health risks arise from shellfish production in open, surface waters, where both naturally-occurring and trace environmental residue contaminants can bioaccumulate in tissues and may cause disease outbreaks (and, in severe cases, death). Water quality certification programmes and field surveillance efforts including product sampling, testing and monitoring can address critical safety criteria. This paper focuses primarily on public health risks associated with production: however, the fact that consumer risks also occur as a result of the processing of aquacultural products and that foodborne diseases arise additionally from unsanitary handling or preparation and storage at incorrect temperatures (as is the case for food products from other animals) must also be taken into consideration. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Jensen, G L AU - Greenlees, K J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Education and Extension Service, Washington, DC 20250-2220, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 641 EP - 651 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Infections -- etiology KW - Parasitic Diseases -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Marine Toxins -- adverse effects KW - Shellfish KW - Drug Residues -- adverse effects KW - Water Pollution, Chemical KW - Legislation, Food KW - Virus Diseases -- etiology KW - Metals, Heavy -- adverse effects KW - Public Health KW - Aquaculture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Aquaculture -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79565128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Public+health+issues+in+aquaculture.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+G+L%3BGreenlees%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk and the food safety chain: animal health, public health and the environment. AN - 79563991; 9501344 AB - Food safety related to the consumption of animal-derived protein encompasses a wide variety of production and processing procedures which begins with the farm and inputs to the animals on the farm (e.g. feed and water) and includes the environment in which animals are reared. Hazards may be physical, artificial or naturally-occurring chemicals, organisms which cannot reproduce outside a specified life-cycle (e.g., parasites such as tapeworm in pigs) or viruses. Other microbes reproduce in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals as well as on the surface of food and in the environment. Methods of risk assessment for physical and chemical hazards have been used for many years. However, with microbial pathogens which can survive and grow on meat, in soil, water or other media, risk assessment methods are at the early stages of development. Due to the broad habitat range, the role of microbial pathogens in the food safety of meat, poultry, fruit and vegetables is important. The use of antibiotics in livestock species may accelerate the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microbial pathogens, potentially complicating treatment for both animals and humans. The authors discuss the food chain, risk analysis and hazard analysis and critical control points in relation to foodborne pathogens, and introduce general strategies for improving pathogen control on the farm. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Ahl, A S AU - Buntain, B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis and Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20050, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 322 EP - 330 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - Zoonoses -- etiology KW - Food Parasitology KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Risk Assessment KW - Meat -- standards KW - Public Health KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79563991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Risk+and+the+food+safety+chain%3A+animal+health%2C+public+health+and+the+environment.&rft.au=Ahl%2C+A+S%3BBuntain%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ahl&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasites associated with pork and pork products. AN - 79562724; 9501363 AB - Three parasites pose a public health risk from the ingestion of raw or undercooked pork, namely: Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium and Toxoplasma gondii. Inspection procedures, when practised according to prescribed methods, are effective in eliminating the majority of risks from T. spiralis and T. solium. No suitable methods for the post-slaughter detection of T. gondii are available. All three parasites are inactivated by various methods of cooking, freezing and curing; some information is also available on inactivation by irradiation. Good production practices, including a high level of sanitation, rodent and cat control on farms, can prevent opportunities for exposure of pigs to these parasites. Alternatively, meat inspection, proper commercial processing and adherence to guidelines for in-home preparation of meat are effective methods for reduction of risks for human exposure. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Gamble, H R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 496 EP - 506 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Taeniasis -- epidemiology KW - Toxoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Trichinellosis -- prevention & control KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Toxoplasmosis -- prevention & control KW - Food Parasitology KW - Trichinellosis -- epidemiology KW - Taeniasis -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Parasites+associated+with+pork+and+pork+products.&rft.au=Gamble%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Milk pasteurisation and safety: a brief history and update. AN - 79562677; 9501358 AB - A brief history of the development of milk pasteurisation is presented and updated. Concerns about the margin of safety provided by current pasteurisation standards in terms of milk-borne pathogens such as mycobacteria (in particular Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) and other emerging pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are discussed. With the exception of the endospores of Bacillus cereus, current standards appear to be adequate for public health assurance of milk safety provided good manufacturing practices are followed. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Holsinger, V H AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Stabel, J R AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 441 EP - 451 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - History, 20th Century KW - Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - History, 19th Century KW - Europe KW - Bacterial Infections -- history KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- history KW - Milk -- standards KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Preservation -- history KW - Disinfection -- history KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Milk -- history KW - Disinfection -- trends KW - Food Preservation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Milk+pasteurisation+and+safety%3A+a+brief+history+and+update.&rft.au=Holsinger%2C+V+H%3BRajkowski%2C+K+T%3BStabel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Holsinger&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies to control Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry products. AN - 79562344; 9501366 AB - Foodborne illness is a major public health concern. The largest number of foodborne illness cases attributed to poultry and poultry products are caused by paratyphoid serotypes of Salmonella and by Campylobacter jejuni. The effective prevention of foodborne disease requires an understanding that contamination can be introduced into foods at numerous points along the food chain. Since multiple entry points exist for foodborne pathogens, multifaceted intervention approaches are required to successfully control contamination of poultry during the various phases of the growth period and processing procedure of broiler chickens. Strategies during the grow-out period (the period during which day-old chicks are raised to six- to seven-week-old broiler chickens) include sanitation, biosecurity, vaccine and drug therapy, and biological control procedures, such as those aimed at preventing colonisation. There are also many critical control points identified in the processing plant which reduce contamination. These include temperature controls (washer and product), chemical interventions, water replacements and counter-flow technology in the scalder and chiller, and equipment maintenance. Transportation and food handling at retail outlets and by the consumer (i.e., storage at the proper temperature and adequate cooking) are the final critical control points in the farm-to-table continuum. It is important to apply risk reduction strategies throughout the food chain. These include: easing the development and implementation of voluntary animal production 'best management practices', implementing in-plant hazard analysis and critical control point systems, developing effective transportation and refrigeration standards, working to facilitate adoption of the model Food Code in all States and providing educational materials and support for public health activities nationwide. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - White, P L AU - Baker, A R AU - James, W O AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 525 EP - 541 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- standards KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Strategies+to+control+Salmonella+and+Campylobacter+in+raw+poultry+products.&rft.au=White%2C+P+L%3BBaker%2C+A+R%3BJames%2C+W+O&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The public health risks of cervid production in the United States of America. AN - 79562142; 9501369 AB - Cervid species represent a growing livestock enterprise in the United States of America (USA). The zoonotic threat of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) is the only significant public health risk posed by this alternative livestock industry. This paper examines the potential sources of tuberculosis exposure as related to public health and compares and contrasts the status of tuberculosis in Cervidae with the situation in the cattle industry in the USA. Based on the existing prevalence of the disease and the limited potential of human exposure to infected meat or meat products, bovine tuberculosis in Cervidae poses a minimal threat to public health. The only significant public health concern is exposure to infected free-ranging cervids of hunters who field-dress carcasses and may unknowingly incise tuberculous lesions. This risk is mitigated only by the small size of the cervid population at risk when compared to the general population of cervids hunted yearly. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - VanTiem, J S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, Maryland 20737, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 564 EP - 570 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mycobacterium bovis -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Tuberculosis -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis -- veterinary KW - Deer UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=The+public+health+risks+of+cervid+production+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=VanTiem%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=VanTiem&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology and control of egg-associated Salmonella enteritidis in the United States of America. AN - 79561109; 9501367 AB - The isolation rate for Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) in humans in the United States of America (USA) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). The proportion of reported Salmonella isolates which were SE increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. In 1990, 1994, and 1995, SE was the most commonly reported reported Salmonella serotype in the USA. Much of this increase has been associated with the consumption of contaminated shell eggs. An examination of the results of a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey of spent hens at slaughter and unpasteurised liquid egg at breaker plants (liquid egg processors) in 1991 and 1995 reveals an increase in the prevalence of SE isolates overall and in most regions of the USA. SE phage type 4 (pt 4), the predominant SE phage type in other parts of the world, has emerged in the egg industry in the western USA concurrent with a sharp increase in the number of sporadic human SE pt 4 isolates in California and Utah. Research on the molecular structure and virulence of SE pt 4 isolates from the USA as compared with isolates from other parts of the world (human and poultry) should be a priority. A comparison of DNA from pt 4 isolates from the USA and Europe may provide information about the potential threat to public health and poultry in the USA from this phage type. Some regional success in the reduction of human illness as a result of SE control efforts is apparent. The Pennsylvania Egg Quality Assurance Program has shown progress in reducing SE infection in participating flocks. At a national level, however, neither the incidence of human illness due to SE nor the prevalence of SE in flocks and unpasteurised liquid eggs have decreased significantly, despite the implementation of the USDA 'trace back' regulation from 1990 to 1995, and intensified efforts to educate food handlers and to enforce safe food handling practices. More effort is needed to control SE at every stage of the egg continuum, from production through to consumption. A risk-reduction approach, with barriers to the introduction and multiplication of the pathogen throughout the farm-to-table continuum, is the most practical method for reducing human illness from SE in shell eggs at present. An effective long-term solution will require interdisciplinary efforts involving government, industry, consumers, and academics. Interventions should be developed and evaluated in compliance with the potential for reducing the risk to human health and cost-effectiveness. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Hogue, A AU - White, P AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Schlosser, W AU - Gast, R AU - Ebel, E AU - Farrar, J AU - Gomez, T AU - Madden, J AU - Madison, M AU - McNamara, A M AU - Morales, R AU - Parham, D AU - Sparling, P AU - Sutherlin, W AU - Swerdlow, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20005, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 542 EP - 553 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Humans KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Legislation, Food KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Pennsylvania KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Quality Control KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Infections -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- classification KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79561109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+and+control+of+egg-associated+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=Hogue%2C+A%3BWhite%2C+P%3BGuard-Petter%2C+J%3BSchlosser%2C+W%3BGast%2C+R%3BEbel%2C+E%3BFarrar%2C+J%3BGomez%2C+T%3BMadden%2C+J%3BMadison%2C+M%3BMcNamara%2C+A+M%3BMorales%2C+R%3BParham%2C+D%3BSparling%2C+P%3BSutherlin%2C+W%3BSwerdlow%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hogue&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=542&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard analysis and critical control point systems in the United States Department of Agriculture regulatory policy. AN - 79561066; 9501347 AB - Recent outbreaks of foodborne illness and studies by expert groups have established the need for fundamental change in the United States meat and poultry inspection programme to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has embarked on a broad effort to bring about such change, with particular emphasis on the reduction of pathogenic micro-organisms in raw meat and poultry products. The publication on 25 July 1996 of the Final Rule on pathogen reduction and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) systems was a major milestone in the FSIS strategy for change. The Final Rule provides a framework for change and clarifies the respective roles of industry and government in ensuring the safety of meat and poultry products. With the implementation of this Final Rule underway, the FSIS has been exploring ways in which slaughter inspection carried out under an HACCP-based system can be changed so that food safety risks are addressed more adequately and the allocation of inspection resources is improved further. In addition, the FSIS is broadening the focus of food safety activities to extend beyond slaughter and processing plants by working with industry, academia and other government agencies. Such co-operation should lead to the development of measures to improve food safety before animals reach the slaughter plant and after products leave the inspected establishment for distribution to the retail level. For the future, the FSIS believes that quantitative risk assessments will be at the core of food safety activities. Risk assessments provide the most effective means of identifying how specific pathogens and other hazards may be encountered throughout the farm-to-table chain and of measuring the potential impact of various interventions. In addition, these assessments will be used in the development and evaluation of HACCP systems. The FSIS is currently conducting a quantitative risk assessment for eggs, and several surveys and studies are being performed to supply data needed to conduct other risk assessments. The FSIS has established a food safety research agenda which will fill data gaps. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Billy, T J AU - Wachsmuth, I K AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 342 EP - 348 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sanitation -- standards KW - Animals KW - Eggs -- standards KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Meat -- standards KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - International Cooperation KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - United States Department of Agriculture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79561066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Hazard+analysis+and+critical+control+point+systems+in+the+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture+regulatory+policy.&rft.au=Billy%2C+T+J%3BWachsmuth%2C+I+K&rft.aulast=Billy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term sequelae to foodborne disease. AN - 79559119; 9501346 AB - Most of the concern about foodborne disease has been focused on the immediate effects of acute infection. Recent information has shown that many of these foodborne infections also have long-term sequelae with serious health effects and a significant economic impact. To increase the awareness of animal health professionals to these sequelae, the authors discuss two groups of sequelae which are strongly associated with preceding infection (reactive arthritides, including Reiter's syndrome, and the Guillain-Barré syndrome) as well as the possible association between Crohn's disease and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The discussion includes a description of the disease syndromes along with epidemiological and economic information. More reliable epidemiologial and economic data on chronic sequelae to foodborne disease will be needed for future evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies to reduce the occurrence of foodborne pathogens. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - McDowell, R M AU - McElvaine, M D AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 337 EP - 341 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Campylobacter Infections -- complications KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Paratuberculosis -- complications KW - Foodborne Diseases -- complications KW - Arthritis, Reactive -- etiology KW - Polyradiculoneuropathy -- etiology KW - Crohn Disease -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79559119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Long-term+sequelae+to+foodborne+disease.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+M%3BMcElvaine%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological and molecular characterization of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies, Haematobia irritans: identification of kdr and super-kdr point mutations. AN - 79532566; 9443375 AB - Two pyrethroid-resistant strains of horn flies were found to be 17- and 688-fold more resistant to permethrin and 17- and 11,300-fold more resistant to cyhalothrin than a susceptible control strain. Synergism experiments with piperonyl butoxide showed that both target site insensitivity and metabolic resistance mechanisms were present in the Super Resistant strain. Using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a 0.9 kb fragment of the putative sodium channel gene from susceptible and resistant flies was cloned and sequenced. Two sequence variants were detected, presumably arising from alternative splicing of transcripts. The amino acid sequences deduced from the resistant and susceptible fly gene fragments were identical except for three amino acid substitutions, two of which have been associated with resistance in house flies. A leucine to phenylalanine substitution associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) was found in both resistant strains. A methionine to threonine substitution associated with super-kdr was found in the Super Resistant strain. Translation of poly(A)+ RNA followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) detected translation products whose concentrations increased in association with pyrethroid resistance. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR of genomic DNA with over 260 DNA oligomers yielded one resistance-associated marker, designated HF-77, which was not detected in any susceptible flies but was present in 16% of the resistant individuals. JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Guerrero, F D AU - Jamroz, R C AU - Kammlah, D AU - Kunz, S E AD - USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. felixg@ktc.com PY - 1997 SP - 745 EP - 755 VL - 27 IS - 8-9 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Sodium Channels KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Sodium Channels -- chemistry KW - Muscidae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79532566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Toxicological+and+molecular+characterization+of+pyrethroid-resistant+horn+flies%2C+Haematobia+irritans%3A+identification+of+kdr+and+super-kdr+point+mutations.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+F+D%3BJamroz%2C+R+C%3BKammlah%2C+D%3BKunz%2C+S+E&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U83871; GENBANK; U83872; U83873; U83874; U83875 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A teratogenic deformity index for evaluating impacts of selenium on fish populations. AN - 79382332; 9378093 AB - This paper describes a method for using teratogenic deformities in fish as the basis for evaluating impacts of selenium contamination. Teratogenic deformities are reliable bioindicators of selenium toxicosis in fish. They are produced in response to dietary exposure of parent fish and subsequent deposition of selenium in eggs. There is a close parallel between selenium concentrations in eggs, incidence of teratogenic deformities in larvae, and magnitude of reproductive failure. Using these relationships, an index was developed for teratogenic-based assessment of impacts to fish populations. The index is composed of three ratings that signify increasing levels of terata-induced population mortality: 1, negligible impact ( 20% population mortality). Each rating is based on the anticipated population-level impact of the corresponding degree of mortality. Teratogenic-based impact assessment provides a conclusive cause-effect linkage between the contaminant and the fish. It is particularly useful for verifying selenium-induced impacts on reproductive success because poor reproduction can be caused by many things-i.e., fluctuating water levels, nest predation, food shortages, poor recruitment, etc. The index given here should be a useful tool for evaluating the effect of selenium on fish populations. Moreover, application of this technique may save considerable time and money by identifying the most efficient use of manpower and funds early in the assessment process. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 259 EP - 266 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Fishes -- abnormalities KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- classification KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79382332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=A+teratogenic+deformity+index+for+evaluating+impacts+of+selenium+on+fish+populations.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the United States. AN - 79363924; 9348158 JF - FEMS immunology and medical microbiology AU - Wachsmuth, I K AU - Sparling, P H AU - Barrett, T J AU - Potter, M E AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 233 EP - 239 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious KW - Prevalence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- transmission KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79363924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+immunology+and+medical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wachsmuth%2C+I+K%3BSparling%2C+P+H%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BPotter%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Wachsmuth&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+immunology+and+medical+microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of adequate vitamin A status during iron supplementation. AN - 79266316; 9287481 AB - Nutritional deficiencies, including iron deficiency, may promote infection by lowering the body's resistance to infectious diseases. However, it has been shown that administration of iron in developing countries can result in increased morbidity, because pathogenic bacteria may compete effectively for iron in the circulation, resulting in an exacerbation of existing infections. Improved vitamin A status may protect against this potentially harmful effect of iron supplementation in environments where infections are highly prevalent. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Ribaya-Mercado, J D AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 306 EP - 307 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Pakistan KW - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Nutritional Status KW - Vitamin A -- blood KW - Iron -- adverse effects KW - Infection -- complications KW - Iron -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79266316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Importance+of+adequate+vitamin+A+status+during+iron+supplementation.&rft.au=Ribaya-Mercado%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Ribaya-Mercado&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of wild-type virulence to Tri5 disruption mutants of Gibberella zeae via gene reversion and mutant complementation. AN - 79241930; 9274012 AB - Gibberella zeae is a pathogen of small grain crops and produces trichothecene mycotoxins in infected host tissue. The role of trichothecenes in the virulence of G. zeae was previously investigated using trichothecene-non-producing mutants that were generated via transformation-mediated disruption of a gene (Tri5) that encodes the first enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. The mutants were less virulent on some hosts than the wild-type strain from which they were derived. Here, we used two approaches to determine whether the reduced virulence of mutants was due specifically to Tri5 disruption or to non-target effects caused by the transformation process. First, we generated a revertant from a Tri5 disruption mutant by allowing the mutant to pass through the sexual phase of its life cycle. In approximately 2% of the resulting progeny the disrupted Tri5 had reverted to wild-type; however, only one of three revertant progeny also regained the ability to produce trichothecenes. In the second approach, we complemented the Tri5 mutation in a disruption mutant by transforming the mutant with a plasmid carrying a functional copy of Tri5. In all transformants examined, the ability to produce trichothecenes was restored. The restoration of trichothecene production in the revertant progeny and in the complemented mutant was accompanied by restoration of wild-type or near wild-type levels of virulence on wheat seedlings (cultivar Wheaton). The results indicate that the reduced virulence of the mutants was caused by disruption of Tri5 rather than non-target effects resulting from the transformation process. The results also provide further evidence that trichothecenes contribute to the virulence of plant-pathogenic fungi. JF - Microbiology (Reading, England) AU - Proctor, R H AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. proctorh@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 2583 EP - 2591 VL - 143 ( Pt 8) SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - Carbon-Carbon Lyases KW - EC 4.1.- KW - trichodiene synthetase KW - EC 4.2.3.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Edible Grain -- microbiology KW - Alleles KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Plant Diseases -- genetics KW - Lyases -- genetics KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Mutagenesis KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- pathogenicity KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79241930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+wild-type+virulence+to+Tri5+disruption+mutants+of+Gibberella+zeae+via+gene+reversion+and+mutant+complementation.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=143+%28+Pt+8%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U22464; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of nutrient fortification and varying storage conditions on host defense properties of human milk. AN - 79150159; 9240806 AB - Data are scarce regarding the effects of nutrient fortification and storage on the immunoprotective properties of human milk. These effects are important considerations when feeding premature infants. We hypothesized that total bacterial colony counts (TBCC) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration were not affected by the addition of fortifier even when tested under extreme storage conditions and that osmolality of fortified human milk does not increase with storage. Ten frozen and five fresh milk samples from mothers of premature infants were divided into fortified and unfortified milk, and stored for 72 hours at either refrigerator or room temperature. Aliquots were obtained at 0 to 72 hours for TBCC, osmolality, and total IgA, and analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Log10 TBCC in milk stored at refrigerator temperature for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours were significantly greater in fortified vs unfortified milk; both increased similarly with storage. Osmolality was greater in fortified than unfortified milk; both increased by approximately 4% with storage. IgA concentration was not affected by fortification or storage. To simulate the usual nursery use of fortified human milk, a separate evaluation was performed. Fortified milk was stored at refrigerator temperature for 20 hours, warmed in a 40 degrees C laboratory incubator for 20 minutes, and placed in a 34 degrees C infant incubator for 4 hours. Samples for TBCC were obtained at 0, 20, and 24 hours and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Log10 TBCC in fortified, refrigerated milk did not change over the 20-hour storage but increased during the simulated 4-hour usage. These findings may warrant consideration when using human milk in the neonatal nursery but support recommendations to use commercially fortified human milk within 24 hours. JF - Pediatrics AU - Jocson, M A AU - Mason, E O AU - Schanler, R J AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 240 EP - 243 VL - 100 IS - 2 Pt 1 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Immunoglobulin A KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Refrigeration KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Freezing KW - Food Contamination KW - Immunoglobulin A -- analysis KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Infant, Premature KW - Milk, Human -- immunology KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Food, Fortified KW - Milk, Human -- microbiology KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79150159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+nutrient+fortification+and+varying+storage+conditions+on+host+defense+properties+of+human+milk.&rft.au=Jocson%2C+M+A%3BMason%2C+E+O%3BSchanler%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Jocson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical technologies for irrigation flow control and measurement AN - 755133634; 13633668 AB - Practical technologies can encourage farmers to adopt practices that support sustainable irrigated agriculture. Important among these are convenient water measurement and control techniques. Many simple constructions or operating procedures are available that can bring considerable convenience to farmers and irrigation delivery system operators. Some are new technologies and some are improvements on older technologies. Many can be implemented with small expense. Some are superior replacements for current practices. The techniques and devices discussed included: (a) accurate and convenient zero setting for weirs and flumes (b) pressure-transducer field checks, (c) easy-to-use scales for orifice and Venturi meters, (d) flow-profile improvers to assist accurate meter operations in irrigation pipelines, (e) floor sills and wave suppressors for canals that usually flow at variable depths of flow, (f) water surface slope measurements-based on static-pressure tubes, and (g) field checks of flow velocity profiles to evaluate flow conditioning using rising-bubble techniques for flow-profile visualization. Many of the concepts are demonstrated in a summary illustration showing several items in a typical stilling well and broad-crested weir (long-throated flume) that need attention, and offers suggestions for correcting the deficiencies. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Replogle, John A AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 4331 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ, 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 241 EP - 259 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Surface water KW - Sustainable development KW - Weirs KW - Flow Velocity KW - Flumes KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Pipelines KW - Slopes KW - Irrigation KW - agriculture KW - Velocity KW - Canals KW - Sills KW - Suppressors KW - Velocity profiles KW - Drainage Systems KW - Flow Control KW - Irrigation Canals KW - Technology KW - Surface slope KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755133634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=Practical+technologies+for+irrigation+flow+control+and+measurement&rft.au=Replogle%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005897812746 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weirs; Sills; Velocity profiles; Suppressors; Flumes; Irrigation; Sustainable development; Pipelines; Surface slope; Canals; Surface water; agriculture; Velocity; Technology; Flow Velocity; Irrigation Systems; Drainage Systems; Slopes; Flow Control; Irrigation Canals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005897812746 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedogenesis and cementation in calcareous till in Indiana AN - 52466572; 1999-047193 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - McBurnett, S L AU - Franzmeier, D P Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1098 EP - 1104 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - outwash KW - Delaware County Indiana KW - Epiaqualfs KW - Hapludalfs KW - silica KW - movement KW - Indiana KW - sediments KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pedogenesis KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - strength KW - cementation KW - Daleville Indiana KW - till KW - Alfisols KW - calcareous composition KW - diagenesis KW - soil surveys KW - parent materials KW - surveys KW - carbonates KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52466572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Pedogenesis+and+cementation+in+calcareous+till+in+Indiana&rft.au=McBurnett%2C+S+L%3BFranzmeier%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=McBurnett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Purdue Univ. Agric. Res. Prog. J. Paper No. 14996 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; calcareous composition; carbonates; cementation; clastic sediments; Daleville Indiana; Delaware County Indiana; diagenesis; Epiaqualfs; geochemistry; Hapludalfs; hydrology; Indiana; micromorphology; movement; outwash; parent materials; pedogenesis; sediments; silica; soil surveys; soils; strength; surveys; till; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of a sediment wave in an experimental channel AN - 50169696; 1997-069066 AB - The routing of bed material through channels is poorly understood. We approach the problem by observing and modeling the fate of a low-amplitude sediment wave of poorly sorted sand that we introduced into an experimental channel transporting sediment identical to that of the introduced wave. The wave essentially dispersed upstream and downstream without translation, although there was inconclusive evidence of translation late in the experiment when the wave was only 10-20 grain diameters high. Alternate bars migrated through zones of differing bed load transport rate without varying systematically in volume, celerity, or transport rate. Sediment that overpassed migrating bars was apparently responsible for dispersion of the wave. The evolution of the wave was well predicted by a one-dimensional model that contains no adjusted empirical constants. Numerical experiments demonstrate, however, that the theory does not predict sediment waves that migrate long distances downstream. Such waves can only be explained by the following processes not represented by the theory: selective bed load transport, spatial variations in bar and other form roughness, the mechanics of mobile armor, and perhaps other mechanisms. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lisle, Thomas E AU - Pizzuto, James E AU - Ikeda, Hiroshi AU - Iseya, Fujiko AU - Kodama, Yoshinori Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1971 EP - 1981 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - bedload KW - experimental studies KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - one-dimensional models KW - sedimentation KW - physical models KW - flume studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50169696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+a+sediment+wave+in+an+experimental+channel&rft.au=Lisle%2C+Thomas+E%3BPizzuto%2C+James+E%3BIkeda%2C+Hiroshi%3BIseya%2C+Fujiko%3BKodama%2C+Yoshinori&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01180 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; experimental studies; flume studies; one-dimensional models; physical models; sediment transport; sedimentation; stream transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01180 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sequential uncertainty domain inverse procedure for estimating subsurface flow and transport parameters AN - 50167739; 1997-069058 AB - A parameter estimation procedure, sequential uncertainty domain parameter fitting (SUFI), is presented and has the following characteristics. The procedure is sequential in nature, meaning that one more iteration can always be made before choosing the final estimates. The procedure has a Bayesian framework, indicating that the method operates within uncertainty domains (prior, posterior) associated with each parameter. The procedure is a fitting procedure, conditioning the unknown parameter estimates on an array of observed values. Finally, the procedure is iterative, requiring a stopping rule which is provided by a critical value of a goal function. Performance of the SUFI parameter estimation procedure is demonstrated using three examples of increasing complexity: (1) analysis of a solute breakthrough curve measured in the laboratory during steady state water flow, (2) estimation of the unsaturated soil hydraulic parameters from a transient drainage experiment carried out in a 6-m deep lysimeter, and (3) estimation of selected flow and transport parameters from a hypothetical ring infiltrometer experiment. The procedure was found to be general, stable, and always convergent. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Abbaspour, K C AU - van Genuchten, M T AU - Schulin, R AU - Schlappi, E Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1879 EP - 1892 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - numerical models KW - transport KW - hydrodynamics KW - water regimes KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50167739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=A+sequential+uncertainty+domain+inverse+procedure+for+estimating+subsurface+flow+and+transport+parameters&rft.au=Abbaspour%2C+K+C%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T%3BSchulin%2C+R%3BSchlappi%2C+E&rft.aulast=Abbaspour&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01230 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrodynamics; numerical models; soils; solute transport; transport; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01230 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red clover seed production: IV. Root rot resistance under forage and seed production systems AN - 17566904; 4342401 AB - Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in the USA, Canada, and northern and eastern Europe. The effects of root rot resistance of six improved cultivars and three regionally adapted ecotypes on forage and seed yield under typical production systems in Wisconsin and Oregon, respectively, were measured. The relationship of cultivar flowering capacity to seed yield, was also measured. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the benefits of using improved cultivars instead of locally adapted ecotypes in Wisconsin forage production systems; (ii) determine whether selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin benefits seed production systems in Oregon; and (iii) identify strategies to increase seed yields in cultivars with improved persistence and high forage yields. Forage and seed yields were inversely related in all improved cultivars except Kenland, which had lower forage yield than the other improved cultivars and the same yield as the three local Wisconsin and Oregon ecotypes. The local ecotypes produced the highest seed yield because of a greater flower producing capacity than improved cultivars following spring forage removal. Seed yield was highly associated with the number of flowers produced by late July (r = 0.87; P less than or equal to 0.002). Selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin did not benefit seed production in Oregon. Improvement in seed yield capacity of cultivars with high forage yield may be possible by selecting for rapid flowering after spring forage removal in the western Oregon seed production region. JF - Crop Science AU - Steiner, J J AU - Smith, R R AU - Alderman, S C AD - USDA-ARS, National Forage and Seed Prod. Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, steinerj@ucs.orst.edu Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1278 EP - 1282 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Trifolium pratense KW - Plant protection KW - Disease resistance KW - Root rot KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Red+clover+seed+production%3A+IV.+Root+rot+resistance+under+forage+and+seed+production+systems&rft.au=Steiner%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+R+R%3BAlderman%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium pratense; Disease resistance; Root rot; Plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype x environment interactions for resistance to common scab in tetraploid potato AN - 16519395; 4342393 AB - Common scab of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), caused by the soil-borne bacterium Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Lambert & Loria, is an economically important potato disease. Tubers from susceptible plants may have superficial, raised, or pitted lesions. Quantitative methods to evaluate tubers for the amount of surface area covered (AI) and the type of lesion (LI) have previously been developed. The purposes of this study were to (i) estimate broad-souse heritability on a mean basis for scab resistance in a tetraploid population of Solanum tuberosum for AI and LI, (ii) determine the importance of genotype x environment interactions on AI and LI, and (iii) determine the stability of potato genotypes for scab resistance. In 1992 and 1993, 23 potato clones were grown in replicated scab-infested field plots in Presque Isle, ME, and Cranesville, WV, and rated for AI and LI. There were significant environment, genotype, and genotype x environment effects for AI and LI. Broad-sense heritabilities on a mean basis and their exact 95% confidence intervals for AI and LI were estimated as 0.89 (0.78, 0.95) and 0.93 (0.86, 0.97), respectively. Shukla's stability-variance statistics indicated that the most scab resistant genotypes were the most unstable, whereas, the most susceptible genotypes were the most stable. Thus, disease pressure was intense. Moderate levels of scab resistance were found. However, to obtain genotypes with high levels of scab resistance that are stable across environments will probably require development of populations incorporating new sources of scab resistant germplasm. JF - Crop Science AU - Haynes, K G AU - Goth, R W AU - Young, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Vegetable Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, khaynes@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1163 EP - 1167 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16519395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Genotype+x+environment+interactions+for+resistance+to+common+scab+in+tetraploid+potato&rft.au=Haynes%2C+K+G%3BGoth%2C+R+W%3BYoung%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - When is simple good enough: A comparison of the Gompertz, Baranyi, and three-phase linear models for fitting bacterial growth curves AN - 16479274; 4341548 AB - The use of primary mathematical models with curve fitting software is dramatically changing quantitative food microbiology. The two most widely used primary growth models are the Baranyi and Gompertz models. A three-phase linear model was developed to determine how well growth curves could be described using a simpler model. The model divides bacterial growth curves into three phases: the lag and stationary phases where the specific growth rate is zero ( mu =0), and the exponential phase where the logarithm of the bacterial population increases linearly with time ( mu =constant). The model has four parameters: N sub(o) (Log sub(10) of initial population density), NMAX (Log sub(10) of final population density), tLAG (time when lag phase ends), and tMAX (time when exponential phase ends). A comparison of the linear model was made against the Baranyi and Gompertz models, using established growth data for Escherichia coli 0157:H7. The growth curves predicted by the three models showed good agreement. The linear model was more 'robust' than the others, especially when experimental data were minimal. The physiological assumptions underlying the linear model are discussed, with particular emphasis on assuring that the model is consistent with bacterial behavior both as individual cells and as populations. It is proposed that the transitional behavior of bacteria at the end of the lag phase can be explained on the basis of biological variability. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Whiting, R C AU - Damert, W C AD - USDA ARS Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 313 EP - 326 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16479274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=When+is+simple+good+enough%3A+A+comparison+of+the+Gompertz%2C+Baranyi%2C+and+three-phase+linear+models+for+fitting+bacterial+growth+curves&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BWhiting%2C+R+C%3BDamert%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal rivalry protects tomatoes AN - 16333501; 4266314 AB - Tomato plants could get a new natural ally against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum fungi that cause wilt disease. Using a new experimental approach, ARS researchers are exposing the plants' roots to benign saprophytic strains of Fusarium that prevent their virulent cousins from causing harm. The aim is to eventually give tomato growers a natural alternative to controlling wilt with methyl bromide. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Fravel AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA-ARS Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., Bldg. 011A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2305, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 20 EP - 21 VL - 45 IS - 8 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - biological control KW - fumigation KW - methyl bromide KW - tomato KW - wilt KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16333501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Fungal+rivalry+protects+tomatoes&rft.au=Fravel%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Fravel&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfer of an ovine metallothionein-ovine growth hormone fusion gene into swine AN - 16319028; 4255051 AB - An ovine metallothionein-1a (oMT1a)-ovine growth hormone (oGH) fusion gene was microinjected into 400 pig zygotes, the zygotes were transferred into recipient females, and 15 founder transgenic pigs were born. Of 12 transgenic pigs assayed, five expressed high levels of oGH (> 900 ng/mL plasma), one expressed low levels of oGH (10 to 30 ng/mL), and six did not express oGH. Dietary supplementation with 2,000 ppm of zinc for 6 d induced a 20-fold increase in plasma oGH in the transgenic pig with low expression but did not induce expression in the six transgenic pigs with no constitutive oGH expression. The average daily gain of five transgenic pigs with elevated oGH was similar to that of non-transgenic littermates during a 9-wk feeding trial (P = .52). The liver, kidney, adrenal, and thyroid weights were all significantly heavier for the oGH-expressing transgenic pigs than for non-transgenic littermates. Total carcass fat, longissimus muscle fat, subcutaneous backfat thickness, and loin eye area were lower and carcass protein and water content and beta R fiber area of longissimus muscle were higher in the transgenic pigs with elevated oGH than in their littermate controls (P < .05 for each). The data indicate that even though the oMT1a promoter was more inducible by zinc than was previously reported for the mouse MT promoter in swine, the former provided a higher level of oGH expression than the mouse MT promoter. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Pursel, V G AU - Wall, R J AU - Solomon, M B AU - Bolt, D J AU - Murray, J D AU - Ward, KA AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 2208 EP - 2214 VL - 75 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - carcasses KW - gene fusion KW - gene regulation KW - growth hormone KW - metallothionein KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - G 07415:Domestic animals (sheep, goats) KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+an+ovine+metallothionein-ovine+growth+hormone+fusion+gene+into+swine&rft.au=Pursel%2C+V+G%3BWall%2C+R+J%3BSolomon%2C+M+B%3BBolt%2C+D+J%3BMurray%2C+J+D%3BWard%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Pursel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blue-stain fungi associated with roots of southern pine trees attacked by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis AN - 16317124; 4256951 AB - Forty paired plots were established from eastern Texas to Alabama to study root-infecting, blue-stain fungi in southern pine stands undergoing southern pine beetle (SPB) attack. Woody roots were sampled in plots undergoing recent or current attack by the SPB. Comparisons were made between occurrence of Leptographium spp. and related fungi and data on various characteristics of natural stands and plantations studied. Three fungal species, L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and Ophiostoma ips, along with unidentified Leptographium and Graphium species, were isolated from sampled roots. L. terebrantis was isolated more frequently from SPB-attacked plots (P < 0.001) than was either L. procerum or O. ips. More blue-stain fungal species and related genera were isolated from SPB-attacked plots than from control plots (P < 0.001). This also was true for combined isolation percentages of L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and O. ips (P = 0.03). Presence of blue-stain fungi also was associated with higher stand basal area in the control plots (P = 0.045). Isolation frequencies of O. ips and L. procerum, along with the combination of these fungal species with L. terebrantis, were logistically related to increasing stand basal area in the control plots (P = 0.02, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively). No logistic relationship was found for frequency of any of the three blue-stain species with respect to basal area in SPB-attacked plots. These results suggest blue stain fungi are important in the dynamics of susceptibility of southern pines to SPB attack. JF - Plant Disease AU - Otrosina, W J AU - Hess, N J AU - Zarnoch, S J AU - Perry, T J AU - Jones, J P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 942 EP - 945 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Engraver beetles KW - Loblolly pine KW - Longleaf pine KW - Pine KW - Slash pine KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - USA, Southern KW - blue stain KW - disease transmission KW - fungi KW - roots KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Blue-stain+fungi+associated+with+roots+of+southern+pine+trees+attacked+by+the+southern+pine+beetle%2C+Dendroctonus+frontalis&rft.au=Otrosina%2C+W+J%3BHess%2C+N+J%3BZarnoch%2C+S+J%3BPerry%2C+T+J%3BJones%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Otrosina&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella contamination associated with bacterial soft rot of fresh fruits and vegetables in the marketplace AN - 16313847; 4254949 AB - Wash water from 66% of 401 samples of fresh fruits and vegetables collected in the marketplace and affected by bacterial soft rot were positive for suspected strains of Salmonella, i.e., black, hydrogen sulfide-positive colonies on Salmonella-Shigella agar incubated for 24 h at 37 degree C. By comparison, 30% of 402 healthy samples were positive. Incidence of suspected Salmonella in broth enrichment cultures was 59% in 533 soft rotted samples and 33% in 781 healthy samples. Thirty percent of 166 representative strains of suspected Salmonella, selected at random from 20 different commodities, were confirmed to be Salmonella by physiological and serological tests. Adjusting incidence values accordingly, Salmonella contamination was potentially present in at least 18 to 20% of soft rotted samples and in 9 to 10% of healthy samples. Wash water from 120 paired healthy and soft rotted fruits and vegetables contained an average of 1.0 x 10 super(5) and 3.7 x 10 super(6) CFU/ml, respectively, of suspected Salmonella--a ratio of 1:37. Average concentrations of suspected Salmonella in enrichment cultures of healthy and soft rotted samples were 7.5 x 10 super(7) and 2.7 x 10 super(9) CFU/ml, respectively, also in the ratio of 1:37. Fresh potato, carrot, and pepper disks coinoculated with the soft rot bacterium Erwinia carotovora and with Salmonella typhimurium, and incubated for up to 72 h at room temperature, contained approximately 10 times the concentration of S. typhimurium as did disks inoculated with Salmonella alone. Disks coinoculated with Pseudomonas viridiflava and S. typhimurium contained approximately three times the Salmonella populations as disks inoculated with Salmonella alone. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wells, J M AU - Butterfield, JE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 867 EP - 872 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - food contamination KW - fruits KW - soft rot KW - vegetables KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Salmonella+contamination+associated+with+bacterial+soft+rot+of+fresh+fruits+and+vegetables+in+the+marketplace&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+M%3BButterfield%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germinability of teliospores of Tilletia indica after hot water and sodium hypochlorite treatments AN - 16313097; 4254961 AB - Hot water and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were evaluated to eradicate teliospores of the Karnal bunt fungus, Tilletia indica, for the purpose of decontaminating grain storage and handling equipment. The germinability of free teliospores and teliospores within the sori of infected wheat was assessed. Temperatures of 25, 60, and 80 degree C, NaOCl concentrations (wt/vol, pH 11.5) of 0, 0.53, and 1.60%, and immersion periods of 1, 5, 15, and 30 min were evaluated. In other tests, the influence of pH on NaOCl potency and of a delay between treatment and water rinsing were evaluated. Immersion at 80 degree C in water alone or with NaOCl killed both free teliospores and those within the sori of infected seeds within 1 min. NaOCl at 1.60% at 25 degree C killed teliospores suspended in water within 15 min, but some teliospores inside sori survived 30 min of this treatment. NaOCl adjusted to pH 8 before use was superior to NaOCl at pH 11.5. An application of 1.60% NaOCl at 25 degree C for 5 min followed by a 10-min delay before the seeds were rinsed in fresh water killed free teliospores but not all teliospores within sori. This treatment was more effective than the 5-min treatment alone but inferior to the 15-min treatment with NaOCl at a concentration of 1.60%. Because teliospores within the sori of infected seeds are partially protected and much more resistant to NaOCl, we recommend the removal and disposal of seeds from equipment before the treatments are applied. NaOCl radically altered the appearance of the teliospores, leaving a persistent visual indication that they had been treated, while hot water treatment alone did not. Therefore, it is beneficial to add NaOCl to hot water, although the improvement in the sporicidal efficacy was often small. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Hershberger, W AU - Bonde, M R AU - Nester, SE AD - USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 932 EP - 935 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - germination KW - heat treatments KW - karnal bunt KW - seed treatments KW - sodium hypochlorite KW - teliospores KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Germinability+of+teliospores+of+Tilletia+indica+after+hot+water+and+sodium+hypochlorite+treatments&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BHershberger%2C+W%3BBonde%2C+M+R%3BNester%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiochemistry of aposematic seed bugs AN - 16305912; 4243313 AB - (E)-2,7-Octadienyl acetate and (E)-2-octenyl acetate (1:10 by volume) were identified as a pheromone attractive to both sexes of the lygaeid bug, Tropidothorax cruciger. In a parallel investigation of Neacoryphus bicrucis (Lygaeidae), (E, E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate and phenethyl acetate ( approximately 9:1) were identified from males, and found attractive to both sexes of adults in the field plus a tachinid fly parasitoid of the bugs. In N. bicrucis, the pheromone was clearly shown to come from the tubular accessory glands of the metathoracic scent gland; this evidence, plus earlier literature reports for other species, indicate that male lygaeids are the pheromone emitters. In another lygaeid, Oncopeltus fasciatus, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine was identified in the cardiac glycoside-laden fluid sequestered from milkweed hosts and expelled by these bugs when they are attacked. Alkyl methoxypyrazines are warning odorants associated with poisonous insect secretions, and their presence in O. fasciatus indicates that the plant-derived chemical defense of lygaeines is more elaborate than previously appreciated. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Leal, W S AU - Nishida, R AU - Khrimian, A P AU - Lee, C-J AU - Sakuratani, Y AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Chinch bugs KW - Hemiptera KW - Seed bugs KW - alkyl methoxypyrazines KW - aposematism KW - cardiac glycosides KW - defense mechanisms KW - sex pheromone KW - toxins KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16305912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Semiochemistry+of+aposematic+seed+bugs&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BLeal%2C+W+S%3BNishida%2C+R%3BKhrimian%2C+A+P%3BLee%2C+C-J%3BSakuratani%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapped genomic locations for developmental functions and QTLs reflect concerted groups in maize (Zea mays L.) AN - 16279406; 4295968 AB - For maize, we have analyzed conjointly the map locations reported to-date of genes for growth, development, and stress response. We find that these genes associate into functional clusters, 10-30 cM long, distributed non-randomly along all ten chromosomes. These clusters comprise the loci for environmental and hormonal sensors, the growth machinery genes (e.g., genes for the enzymes of hormone synthesis, mutations disturbing sporophyte and gametophyte development, or genes for programmed cell death) and the master genes presiding over the spatial and temporal transitions in cell growth and differentiation (e.g., genes expressing transcription factors). Taking into consideration mapping accuracy, the putative associations of developmental genes generally coincide with the location of homeotic genes mapped with cDNA probes. The majority of over 800 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant architecture, growth and development in vivo and in vitro, the grain yield as the integer of growth, and ABA accumulation and effects, also map within these clusters. Several physiologically different quantitative traits of plant development and yield are often mapped by one and the same molecular probe. The clusters are redundant, apparently due to several duplication events in the course of maize evolution. We presume that these clusters are the functional units of genes expressed in concert to contribute toward regulating plant development and, apparently, some of the plant responses to abiotic stress. The major QTLs for plant height, earliness and grain yield are visible manifestations of the developmental clusters. The evolutionary and cytogenetic evidence seems to support the adaptive significance of functional gene networks for development. The physiological advantage of the close association of functionally related genes in the clusters may rely on compartmentation and tunneling of signal molecules, which helps to cooperatively recruit the transcription factors into multicomponent regulatory modules of high specificity. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Khavkin, E AU - Coe, E AD - USDA-ARS, Curtis Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 343 EP - 352 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - development KW - gene mapping KW - homeobox KW - maize KW - pleiotropism KW - quantitative trait loci KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16279406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Mapped+genomic+locations+for+developmental+functions+and+QTLs+reflect+concerted+groups+in+maize+%28Zea+mays+L.%29&rft.au=Khavkin%2C+E%3BCoe%2C+E&rft.aulast=Khavkin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of phosphate rock, coal combustion by-product, lime, and cellulose on ryegrass in an acidic soil AN - 16270952; 4266426 AB - Remediation of soil acidity is crucial for increasing crop production and improving environmental quality of acid infertile soils. Soil incubation and greenhouse pot experiments were carried out to examine the interactions between phosphate rock (PR), coal combustion by-product (BP), dolomitic lime (L), and cellulose (C) in an acidic soil and their effects on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv 'Linn') growth. BP and PR application increased plant P content and dry matter yield (DMY) of shoots and roots by improving soil Ca availability and reducing Al toxicity. Application of BP at low rates (5 to 10 g BP kg super(-1)) with PR appeared to decrease both plant P content and DMY compared to PR application alone. The reduced DMY is due to an increased Al concentration in soil solution as a result of displacement of sorbed Al by Ca of BP. Increases in DMY were obtained by addition of lime along with PR and BP at low rates or by increasing BP application rates above 15 g kg super(-1). This improved plant response was likely related to alleviation of Al toxicity by CaCO sub(3) contained in the BP. In addition to raising the pH to an acceptable level for plant growth, the dolomitic lime supplied needed Mg for plants, thereby maintaining a good balance between available Ca and Mg for plants in the BP- and PR-amended soils. The addition of cellulose to the BP- and PR-amended soils reduced water-soluble Al and increased DMY. Plant growth increased PR dissolution by 2.4 to 243% in a soil with low available P. Use of BP at moderate rates with PR and dolomitic lime appears to be the best combination in increasing crop yields on infertile acidic soils. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Baligar, V AU - He, Z L AU - Martens, D C AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Kemper, W D AD - USDA-ARS-ASWCRL, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - environmental restoration KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16270952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Effect+of+phosphate+rock%2C+coal+combustion+by-product%2C+lime%2C+and+cellulose+on+ryegrass+in+an+acidic+soil&rft.au=Baligar%2C+V%3BHe%2C+Z+L%3BMartens%2C+D+C%3BRitchey%2C+K+D%3BKemper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Baligar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of ethanol and oxygen on the growth of Zymomonas mobilis and the levels of hopanoids and other membrane lipids AN - 16257966; 4226734 AB - Zymomonas mobilis (ATCC 29191) was grown either aerobically or anaerobically in the presence of 2% (wt/vol) glucose and 0, 3, or 6% (vol/vol) ethanol. The rates of growth and the composition of hopanoids, cellular fatty acids, and other lipids in the bacterial membranes were quantitatively analyzed. The bacterium grew in the presence of 3% and 6% ethanol and was more ethanol tolerant when grown anaerobically. In the absence of ethanol, hopanoids comprised about 30% (by mass) of the total cellular lipids. Addition of ethanol to the media caused complex changes in the levels of hopanoids and other lipids. However, there was not a significant increase in any of the hopanoid lipid classes as ethanol concentration was increased. As previously reported, vaccenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the lipids of Z. mobilis, and its high constitutive levels were unaffected by the variations in ethanol and oxygen concentrations. A cyclopropane fatty acid accounted for 2.6-6.4 wt% of the total fatty acids in all treatments. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Moreau, R A AU - Powell, MJ AU - Fett, W F AU - Whitaker, B D AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 124 EP - 128 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - ethanol KW - fuels KW - growth requirements KW - hopanoids KW - lipids KW - oxygen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16257966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+ethanol+and+oxygen+on+the+growth+of+Zymomonas+mobilis+and+the+levels+of+hopanoids+and+other+membrane+lipids&rft.au=Moreau%2C+R+A%3BPowell%2C+MJ%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BWhitaker%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of carotenoids on aflatoxin B sub(1) synthesis by Aspergillus flavus AN - 16243977; 4233738 AB - Carotenes and xanthophylls occurring in yellow corn and related terpenoids were tested for their effect on growth and aflatoxin B sub(1) production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357, using the suspended disc culture method. Aflatoxin synthesis was inhibited at concentrations of beta -carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin comparable to those found in the horny endosperm of mature corn. Usually growth was not significantly affected. Inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis was greater for compounds with an alpha -ionone-type ring ( alpha -carotene, lutein, or alpha -ionone) compared with compounds with a beta -ionone ring. The presence of hydroxy groups on the rings tended to decrease inhibition, but did not override the effect of the ring type; lutein was similar to alpha -carotene and zeaxanthin was similar to beta -carotene in inhibition. A mutant accumulating norsolorinic acid (NA), A. parasiticus SRRC 162, incubated with alpha -carotene produced reduced levels of both NA and aflatoxin, indicating that inhibition occurred before NA. Additional A. flavus strains tested against 50 mu g/ml of beta -carotene had 89 to 96% inhibition, which was significantly more sensitive than NRRL 3357. A. parasiticus strains were less sensitive and generally had similar or lower inhibition than NRRL 3357. The results indicate that the presence of carotenoids in endosperm may decrease the amount of aflatoxin produced by A. flavus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Norton, R A AD - USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioactive Agents Research, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 814 EP - 821 VL - 87 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - beta -Carotene KW - aflatoxin B1 KW - biosynthesis KW - carotenoids KW - lutein KW - pigments KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+carotenoids+on+aflatoxin+B+sub%281%29+synthesis+by+Aspergillus+flavus&rft.au=Norton%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacing and management for cotton in the southeastern Coastal Plain AN - 16243330; 4223671 AB - The cost of drip irrigation can be reduced by using both wider lateral spacings and the same laterals for multiple years, as with subsurface placement. Multiple, low-rate fertilizer and water applications may reduce N fertilizer needs by improving efficiency and limiting the potential for leaching. The combination of these technologies may make drip irrigation of cotton profitable. Four years of continuous cotton and two years of cotton rotated with peanut were evaluated. Two subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacings (every row, 1 m, and alternate furrow, 2 m) and three sidedress-nitrogen methods (STD, single application of 112 kg/ha; INC, 112 kg/ha in five equal applications; and GOS, applications determined by GOSSYM/COMAX) were evaluated for cotton during 1991-1994. Two of the sidedress-nitrogen methods (STD and GOS) were evaluated for a rainfall-only treatment. Lint yields did not differ between the lateral spacings in any year. Yields for irrigated treatments were 16 and 65% greater than rainfall-only yields in 1992 and 1993, respectively. The GOSSYM/COMAX-managed nitrogen treatment received 30% less nitrogen fertilizer than other treatments, but had similar lint yield. Several fiber physical properties were affected by irrigation and nitrogen, but these effects were small and inconsistent. For continuous cotton, or cotton rotated with peanut, the wider lateral spacing is preferred to the every-row spacing because of its lower initial cost (about 30%). The combination of lower system cost, longer system life, and lower N-fertilizer requirements could make subsurface drip irrigation of cotton profitable for southeastern Coastal Plain soils, and reduce the potential for ground water contamination. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Bauer, P J AU - Hunt, P G AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 993 EP - 999 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - GOSSYM/COMAX KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Subsurface+drip+irrigation+lateral+spacing+and+management+for+cotton+in+the+southeastern+Coastal+Plain&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BBauer%2C+P+J%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide transport in a managed riparian forest buffer system AN - 16241243; 4223677 AB - The effect of a riparian forest buffer system (RFBS) on transport of two herbicides, atrazine and alachlor, was studied during 1992-1994. Herbicides were applied to an upland corn crop in March of each year. The buffer system was managed based on USDA recommendations and averaged 50 m in width. The system included a grass buffer strip immediately adjacent to the field (Zone 3); a managed pine forest downslope from the grass buffer (Zone 2); and a narrow hardwood forest containing the stream channel system (Zone 1). After the first year of the study, the managed forest was clear-cut in 1/3 and thinned in 1/3 of Zone 2. The other 1/3 of Zone 2 was left as mature forest. Most of the herbicide transport in surface runoff occurred before 30 June with about 25 cm of cumulative rainfall after herbicide application. During this period of higher herbicide transport, atrazine and alachlor concentrations averaging 34.1 mu g L super(-1) and 9.1 mu g L super(-1) at the field edge, respectively, were reduced to 1 mu g L super(-1) or less as runoff neared the stream. There were generally no differences among the mature forest and the two treatment areas (clear-cut and thinned) for either concentration or load in surface runoff. Using precipitation data collected on site, the effects of dilution versus other concentration reduction factors (infiltration, adsorption) was estimated for surface runoff. Concentration reduction was greatest per meter of flow length in the grass buffer adjacent to the field. There was only minor transport of herbicides through the buffer system in shallow groundwater and little difference between the Zone 2 treatment areas. In 1992 and 1993, herbicide concentrations in shallow groundwater in the RFBS and at the edge-of-field were generally at or below detection limits. In 1994, well concentrations of both herbicides increased, probably in response to infiltration of surface runoff containing high herbicide concentrations. Average herbicide concentrations were at or below detection limits in groundwater near the stream for most of 1994. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Lowrance, R AU - Vellidis, G AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Gay, P AU - Bosch, D D AD - USDA-ARS, SE Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1047 EP - 1057 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - grass buffer strips KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Herbicide+transport+in+a+managed+riparian+forest+buffer+system&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R%3BVellidis%2C+G%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BGay%2C+P%3BBosch%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: I. Hydrology and erosion AN - 16241194; 4223684 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model is a continuous simulation tool that extends the capability of the WEPP hillslope model to provide erosion prediction technology for small cropland and rangeland watersheds. The model is based on fundamentals of erosion theory, soil and plant science, channel flow hydraulics, and rainfall-runoff relationships, and contains hillslopes, channels, and impoundments as the primary components. The hillslope and channel components can be further divided into hydrology and erosion components. Channel infiltration is calculated by a Green-Ampt Mein-Larson infiltration equation. A continuous channel water balance is maintained, including calculation of evapotranspiration, soil water percolation, canopy rainfall interception, and surface depressional storage. The channel peak runoff rate is calculated using either a modified Rational equation or the equation used in the CREAMS model. Flow depth and hydraulic shear stress along the channel are computed by regression equations based on a numerical solution of the steady state spatially varied flow equations. Detachment, transport, and deposition within constructed channels or concentrated flow gullies are calculated by a steady state solution to the sediment continuity equation. The impoundment component routes runoff and sediment through several types of impoundment structures, including farm ponds, culverts, filter fences, and check dams. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the model conceptual framework and structure. In addition, detailed mathematical representations of the processes simulated by the channel hydrology and erosion components are presented. The processes simulated by the impoundment component are not described in this article, but it does include impoundment effects on watershed model channel peak discharge and time of concentration calculations. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Baffaut, C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Liu, B Y AD - USDA-ARS-NPA, GPSRU, 301 S. Howes, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 921 EP - 933 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - hydrologic budget KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+I.+Hydrology+and+erosion&rft.au=Ascough%2C+JC+II%3BBaffaut%2C+C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BLiu%2C+B+Y&rft.aulast=Ascough&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: III. Comparisons to measured data from small watersheds AN - 16239508; 4223686 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model was developed by the USDA for purposes of erosion assessment and conservation planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the WEPP watershed model applicability and prediction accuracy for small watersheds (0.34-5.14 ha) under different climate, topography, soil, and management regimes. No calibration was conducted to obtain the results. Only default model parameters were used. Data from 15 watersheds in six U.S. locations were compared to runoff and sediment yield estimates using WEPP95. The r super(2) values between measured and predicted total runoff and sediment yield for the 15 watersheds were 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. The r super(2) between measured and predicted event data for individual watersheds ranged from 0.01 to 0.85 for runoff and from 0.02 to 0.90 for sediment. Cumulative frequency distributions for predicted values of event runoff and sediment matched those for measured values with some exceptions. Improvements in the WEPP model are suggested where limitations were observed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Liu, B Y AU - Nearing, MA AU - Baffaut, C AU - Ascough, JC II AD - NSERL, USDA-ARS-MWA, 1196 Soil Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 945 EP - 952 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - comparison studies KW - sediment yield KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+III.+Comparisons+to+measured+data+from+small+watersheds&rft.au=Liu%2C+B+Y%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BBaffaut%2C+C%3BAscough%2C+JC+II&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal conductivity and water retention of a black spruce forest floor AN - 16239426; 4226058 AB - The forest floor of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands is typified by a thick layer of moss and organic material overlying the soil. This layer is an important source of nutrients and water for spruce and provides thermal insulation of permafrost. However, little is known about the water retention characteristics and thermal conductivity of black spruce forest floors. Near Fairbanks, Alaska, in situ thermal conductivity and water content of a black spruce forest floor (0-0.05 m depth) were assessed during the 1992 growing season. In addition, core samples were taken for laboratory estimates of bulk density, water retention, and thermal conductivity. Bulk density was about 0.035 Mg m super(-3) at the 0 to 0.10-m depth and 0.050 Mg m super(-3) at the 0.10 to 0.20-m depth. In situ thermal conductivity of moss was generally smaller than previously estimated and ranged from 0.03 to 0.09 W m super(-1) K super(-1) over the growing season. Thermal conductivity varied linearly with water content at the 0 to 0.10-m depth and exponentially with water content below 0.10 m. Water retention differed within the forest floor profile, with an apparently smaller air-entry matric suction and pore size distribution index below the 0.1-m depth. This study suggests that variations in bulk density within a forest floor profile, which result from changes in organic material composition, affect both the thermal and hydrologic properties of black spruce forest floors. JF - Soil Science AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 576 EP - 582 VL - 162 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - USA, Alaska, Fairbanks KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Thermal+conductivity+and+water+retention+of+a+black+spruce+forest+floor&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=576&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: II. Sensitivity analysis and discretization on small watersheds AN - 16237233; 4223685 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model was developed by the USDA for purposes of erosion assessment and conservation planning. The purpose of this study was to verify that the watershed model behaves rationally and consistently over a range of discretization structures and channel parameter inputs for applications to small watersheds. Effects of watershed discretization were evaluated for selected events within a one-year continuous simulation by comparing results for two watersheds under various discretization schemes. Impacts of channel input parameters were assessed by comparing the value of a linear sensitivity coefficient for user-specified parameters. Hillslope length, Manning's coefficients, and channel slope were found to be key parameters in the prediction of watershed sediment yields. Erodibility and critical shear stress were found to be important for events where channel scour was active, and the results were sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity for events with small runoff and small sediment contributions from hillslopes. Improvements in the WEPP model are suggested where limitations were observed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Baffaut, C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Liu, B AD - NSERL, USDA-ARS-MWA, Purdue Univ., 1196 Soil Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 935 EP - 943 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+II.+Sensitivity+analysis+and+discretization+on+small+watersheds&rft.au=Baffaut%2C+C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BAscough%2C+JC+II%3BLiu%2C+B&rft.aulast=Baffaut&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of uniformity measures for drip irrigation systems AN - 16233916; 4223673 AB - Three drip irrigation systems were installed in 1984, two with laterals on the soil surface and one with laterals about 0.30 m below the soil surface. These systems were used to apply irrigation water and nutrients to several experiments from 1985 to 1992. Emitter plugging, system uniformity, and overall performance were evaluated for both surface and subsurface systems using several methods, and the results were compared to those obtained for unused tubing that had been saved from the original lot. Emitter uniformity values calculated for the unused laterals by the traditional and ASAE EP458 methods were similar, but differences between parameter values calculated by the two methods were greater for the used laterals, especially in the subsurface system. All uniformity values were lower for the subsurface system, primarily because of plugged emitters. Uniformity values calculated by the EP458 method (randomly selected emitters) indicate lower emitter uniformity for the used laterals in the subsurface system, but these values were not as low as those calculated using all emitters on three laterals for that system. These values indicate that the EP458 method may not always reflect true system uniformity, probably because of the small sample size and existence of completely plugged emitters. Correction of emitter flow rates for temporal pressure variation among test times improved uniformity parameter values slightly. Uniformity values predicted by design /evaluation models were similar for both surface and subsurface systems, and generally indicate better system uniformity than values calculated from emitter flow measurements. The models were unable to predict reliable uniformity values for systems because of their inability to handle emitter plugging. Based on these results, it appears that both traditional and ASAE EP458 methods can be used to evaluate drip irrigation systems, but the EP458 method generally indicates lower uniformity and should be used carefully for systems where completely plugged emitters may exist. When emitter plugging occurs, the accuracy of predictions by either method will depend primarily upon the number of emitters measured and the extent of plugging. Entry of soil particles into this eight-year-old subsurface system during construction and/or repair operations probably caused the observed emitter plugging, which emphasizes the need for exercising great care in installation and maintenance of subsurface systems if a long system life (10-15 years) is expected. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Sadler, E J AU - Busscher, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1013 EP - 1020 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - conveyance structures KW - emitter plugging KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16233916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+uniformity+measures+for+drip+irrigation+systems&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BSadler%2C+E+J%3BBusscher%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative plant water relations and soil water depletion patterns of three seral shrub species on forest sites in southwestern Oregon AN - 16232436; 4195507 AB - We compared stomatal conductance, transpiration, plant water potential, and soil moisture depletion patterns for three shrub species common on early seral forest sites in southwestern Oregon following logging or fire. Our goal was to determine which of these species were more likely to be the strongest competitors with regenerating conifers. The three species, Arctostaphylos patula Greene, Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh., and Holodiscus discolor (Pursh.) Maxim., were selected to represent a range in leaf morphology and expected water use patterns. Dirunal patterns of leaf conductance, plant water potential, and environmental parameters were measured throughout the growing season, along with seasonal patterns in soil moisture. As with any data obtained under ambient field conditions, environmental parameters and exact timing of measurements varied among shrubs. To better evaluate the response of individual species to common environmental parameters, we constructed models of leaf conductance based on field data and used these models to estimate responses of conductance and transpiration to averaged environmental conditions. This allowed us to better compare species responses to seasonal and diurnal trends in environmental variables. C. sanguineus typically had the highest transpiration rates per unit leaf area, and H. discolor the lowest; however, due to much higher leaf area indices of H. discolor, the two species depleted soil moisture at about the same rate. C. sanguineus and A. patula both had high predawn water potentials throughout the season, even when soil water potential at 1 m depth was less than -1.2 Mpa, suggesting that these species, but not H. discolor, had roots in deeper soil layers. We predict that the two deciduous species, C. sanguineus and H. discolor, will be stronger competitors for soil moisture than A. patula, at least in the top meter of soil. In contrast, A. patula and C. sanguineus are capable of depleting moisture from deeper in the soil and may therefore strongly compete even with deep-rooted conifers late in the season. Our use of empirical models allowed us to compare species responses to common environmental conditions, which facilitated ecological interpretation of species differences in water use patterns. By early August, soil water potentials under all species were low enough to significantly inhibit conifer transpiration, photosynthesis, and growth. JF - Forest Science AU - Conard, S G AU - Sparks AU - Regelbrugge, J C AD - Pacific Wouthwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 336 EP - 347 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - stomatal conductance KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=Comparative+plant+water+relations+and+soil+water+depletion+patterns+of+three+seral+shrub+species+on+forest+sites+in+southwestern+Oregon&rft.au=Conard%2C+S+G%3BSparks%3BRegelbrugge%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS AN - 16227515; 4220906 AB - Nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants are recognized as the single greatest threat to surface and subsurface sources of drinking water throughout the world. The vadose zone serves as the conduit through which NPS pollutants travel through surface soil to groundwater supplies. Because of increased dependency on groundwater supplies, the ability to model groundwater vulnerability to the leaching of NPS pollutants through the vadose zone has grown in significance. Geographic information systems (GIS) have emerged as a useful tool in environmental modeling, particularly for NPS pollutants. A review is presented concerning the modeling of NPS pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS. Areas discussed include the significance of NPS pollutants as a global environmental problem, the justification for the modeling of NPS pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS, the basic components of environmental modeling with GIS, a review of existing GIS-based NPS pollutant models, the application of geostatistics to GIS-based NPS pollutant modeling, the influence of scale, the reliability of NPS pollutant models based on model error and data uncertainties, and the future direction of GIS-based NPS pollutant modeling. The proliferation of GIS-based NPS pollutant models holds promise, yet caution is needed to avoid misuse of a potentially valuable environmental assessment tool for decision makers. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Corwin, D L AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Loague, K AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 2157 EP - 2175 VL - 31 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - mathematical models KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Mathematical models KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Freshwater KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Aeration zone KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Pollutants KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Model studies KW - Geographical reference systems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information systems KW - Hazard assessment KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Modeling+nonpoint+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone+with+GIS&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BVaughan%2C+P+J%3BLoague%2C+K&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Mathematical models; Pollutants; Stormwater runoff; Groundwater pollution; Geographic information systems; Geographical reference systems; Hazard assessment; Risk assessment; Nonpoint pollution; Aeration zone; Model studies; Nonpoint pollution sources; Geographical information systems; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of formate and hydrogen, and flux of reducing equivalents and carbon in Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 AN - 16225535; 4226857 AB - A pathway for conversion of the metabolic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the formation of acetate, succinate, formate, and H sub(2) in the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was constructed on the basis of enzyme activities detected in extracts of cells grown in cellulose- or cellobiose-limited continuous culture. PEP was converted to acetate and CO sub(2) (via pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetate kinase) or carboxylated to form succinate (via PEP carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase). Lactate was not formed even during rapid growth (batch culture, mu = 0.35/h). H sub(2) was formed by a hydrogenase rather than by cleavage of formate, and super(13)C-NMR and super(14)C-exchange reaction data indicated that formate was produced by CO sub(2) reduction, not by a cleavage of pyruvate. The distribution of PEP into the acetate and succinate pathways was not affected by changing extracellular pH and growth rates within the normal growth range. However, increasing growth rate from 0.017/h to 0.244/h resulted in a shift toward formate production, presumably at the expense of H sub(2). This shift suggested that reducing equivalents could be balanced through formate or H sub(2) production without affecting the yields of the major carbon-containing fermentation endproducts. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Shi, Y AU - Weimer, P J AU - Ralph, J AD - USDA/ARS, USDFRC, 1925 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 101 EP - 109 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0003-6072, 0003-6072 KW - continuous culture KW - growth rate KW - pH KW - phosphoenolpyruvate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16225535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Formation+of+formate+and+hydrogen%2C+and+flux+of+reducing+equivalents+and+carbon+in+Ruminococcus+flavefaciens+FD-1&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y%3BWeimer%2C+P+J%3BRalph%2C+J&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of cyclodextrin production through use of debranching enzymes AN - 16219157; 4217145 AB - In the presence of a complexant and a debranching enzyme capable of cleaving alpha -(1 arrow right 6) linkages in alpha -D-glucans, Bacillus mascerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase; EC 2.4.1.19) converted starch, maltodextrin and glycogen into cyclodextrin (CD) in yields higher than those obtainable in the absence of debranching enzyme. The extent of yield enhancement by pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41; from Enterobacter aerogenes) was dependent upon temperature, type of substrate (including source of starch) and kind of complexant. Highest yields with pullulanase were attained generally by use of low temperature (15-25 degree C) and starches of low amylose content. At 25 degree C and pH 7, with cyclodecanone as complexant, 91-93% yields of beta -CD were obtainable from amylopectin, waxy-maize starch, and tapioca starch. With decan-1-ol as complexant, amylopectin was converted at 15 degree C into alpha -CD in 84% yield. With cyclotridecanone as complexant, amylopectin was converted at 40 degree C into gamma -CD in 72% yield. The debranching enzyme isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68; from Pseudomonas amyloderamosa) was also employed successfully to achieve high beta -CD yields. A 90% yield of beta -CD from amylopectin was obtained by applying isoamylase, CGTase and cyclodecanone at pH 6 and 25 degree C. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Rendleman, JA Jr AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 51 EP - 61 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - cyclodextrin KW - cyclodextrins KW - debranching KW - debranching enzymes KW - enzymes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16219157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+cyclodextrin+production+through+use+of+debranching+enzymes&rft.au=Rendleman%2C+JA+Jr&rft.aulast=Rendleman&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of multiple fires on the structure of southwestern Washington forests AN - 16217182; 4221663 AB - Fire frequency, intensity, and size can influence the nature of forest development, with potentially profound effects on ecosystem processes and the abundance of native species. The effect of an intense wildfire and subsequent severe fires within a short period (reburns) on forest establishment, composition, and structure was examined in the 16,000 ha Siouxon Creek watershed in the western Cascades of southern Washington. Evidence of large intense fires and small patchy fires was found in the watershed, with 4 fires occurring since 1900. Tree establishment was rapid and abundant throughout most of the area burned in the 1902 fire, possibly from survival of on-site seed sources. Tree establishment was delayed on most reburns and corresponded with years of abundant regional Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) cone production, indicating off-site sources of seed. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) was less abundant on reburns than on the 1902 burn. The ranges of Douglas-fir ages within stands were greater on reburns than on single burns, but fire frequency effects could not be distinguished from potential stand age and composition effects. There were no clear patterns of tree species abundance related to presumed dispersal distances of up to 3 km from unburned forest. Fire frequency, topography, and seed source had important effects on forest structure and composition across the watershed. JF - Northwest Science AU - Gray, AN AU - Franklin, J F AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 174 EP - 185 VL - 71 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Washington KW - community structure KW - fires KW - forests KW - species composition KW - topography KW - Risk Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+multiple+fires+on+the+structure+of+southwestern+Washington+forests&rft.au=Gray%2C+AN%3BFranklin%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of viral concentration and body weight on mortality of larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to wild-type or recombinant strains of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16216493; 4221066 AB - A parental, wild-type strain of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and 2 recombinant strains, engineered to express a scorpion toxin (AcAaIT) or a juvenile hormone esterase (AcJHE-KK), were used to infect larvae of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner). Initial mortality of 1st, 4th, and 5th instars, regardless of the polyhedral inclusion body (PIB) concentration, was not detected earlier than the 2nd d after exposure. At equivalent concentrations of virus, the recombinant AcAaIT was the fastest acting strain followed by the recombinant AcJHE-KK and then the wild-type AcC6. Each doubling of the viral concentration of AcC6 decreased the LT sub(50) by similar to 5%. Therefore, an 8- to 16-fold increase in the concentration of virus of the wild-type AcC6 was needed to attain LT sub(50)s equivalent to that of the recombinants AcAaIT and AcJHE-KK. Six weight classes (ranging from 0.3 to 95 mg per larva) of T. ni larvae also were exposed to AcC6 or the recombinant strain AcAaIT. The recombinant AcAaIT always killed cabbage loopers more quickly than the wild AcC6 strain regardless of larval size. Differences in LT sub(50) between strains AcC6 and AcAaIT were significant for all weight classes except for larvae weighing 45-60 mg per larva. The greatest difference in the LT sub(50) of the strains was for 1st instars weighing 0.3-0.5 mg per larva and the least difference was for 3rd instars weighing 45-50 mg per larva. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Garcia, C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65205, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 955 EP - 960 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Cabbage looper KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - biological control KW - larvae KW - mortality KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - pathogenicity KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16216493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+viral+concentration+and+body+weight+on+mortality+of+larvae+of+Trichoplusia+ni+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+exposed+to+wild-type+or+recombinant+strains+of+the+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+of+Autographa+californica+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Ignoffo%2C+C+M%3BGarcia%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ignoffo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment, soil N, and water stress on needle surface wax formation in Pinus palustris (Pinaceae) AN - 16214824; 4275132 AB - Interactive effects of increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) with resource limitations on production of surface wax in plants have not been studied. Pinus palustris seedlings were grown for 1 yr at two levels of soil N (40 or 400 kg N super(.)ha super(-1) super(.)yr super(-1)) and water stress (-0.5 or -1.5 MPa xylem pressure potential) in open-top field chambers under two levels of CO sub(2) (365 or 720 mu mol/mol). Needle surface wax content was determined at 8 mo (fall) and 12 mo (spring) and epicuticular wax morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 12 mo. Wax content expressed on both a leaf area and dry mass basis was increased due to main effects of low N and water stress. No main effects of CO sub(2) were observed; however, a CO sub(2) x N interaction at 12 mo indicated that under low soil N the elevated CO sub(2) treatment had less wax (surface area or dry mass basis) compared to its ambient counterpart. Morphologically, low N needle surfaces appeared rougher compared to those of high N needles due to more extensive wax ridges. Although the main effect of water treatment on wax density was not reflected by changes in wax morphology, the CO sub(2) x N interaction was paralleled by alterations in wax appearance. Decreases in density and less prominent epicuticular wax ridges resulting from growth under elevated CO sub(2) and limiting N suggest that dynamics of plant /atmosphere and plant/pathogen interactions may be altered. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Prior, SA AU - Pritchard, S G AU - Runion, G B AU - Rogers, H H AU - Mitchell, R J AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Dynamics Lab., P. O. Box 3439, Auburn, AL 36831-3439, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1070 EP - 1077 VL - 84 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - wax KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16214824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Influence+of+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment%2C+soil+N%2C+and+water+stress+on+needle+surface+wax+formation+in+Pinus+palustris+%28Pinaceae%29&rft.au=Prior%2C+SA%3BPritchard%2C+S+G%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BMitchell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1070&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling whiteflies in cotton: Validation and analysis of enumerative and binomial plans AN - 16119530; 4209660 AB - We tested enumerative and binomial sampling plans developed for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in 3,240 ha of commercial cotton as part of the implementation of a community-wide integrated pest management (IPM) program in Laveen and Tolleson, AZ, in 1994. We compared new field observations to sampling distribution models developed previously for all lifestages, and validated and analyzed the performance of 5 sampling plans based on these models by resampling field data from 129 to 284 sites. Mean-variance relationships for the new data differed statistically from mean-variance models previously developed for adults, but not for eggs or nymphs. Resampling analyses indicated that desired precision (SE to mean ratio) was rarely achieved, on average, by fixed-precision sequential sampling plans. These enumerative sampling plans provided better precision than desired at moderate to high densities of eggs and adults and worse precision than desired at most densities of nymphs. An empirical model relating mean density to the proportion of leaves infested with 3 or more adult B. tabaci was accurate at mean densities < 2 adults per leaf but over-predicted mean density at densities. Resampling analysis revealed that a sequential sampling plan based on this empirical model was accurate at classifying population density relative to an action threshold of 5 adults per leaf. At nominal alpha and beta error rates of 0.10, population density was correctly classified approximately 87% of the time. Accuracy was not improved by reducing nominal error rates to 0.05. Resampling analysis of a fixed-sample size plan based on n = 30 gave similar results and increasing sample size to 50 increased accuracy only 3%. Further resampling analyses that more closely approximated scouting protocols (15 sample units drawn from each of 2 quadrants in the field) resulted in an average accuracy of approximately 70%. Accuracy declined when populations densities differed greatly among quadrants in a field. Most of this error was associated with making a decision to control when pest density was below the action threshold. Based on a robust validation technique using field observations representing a wide range of environmental and agronomic conditions, our sampling plans performed well and should be useful for estimating and classifying population densities of B. tabaci in cotton over a wide area. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Diehl, J W AU - Ellsworth, P C AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 777 EP - 788 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Scale insects KW - Treehoppers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - statistical analysis KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - sampling KW - USA, Arizona KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Sampling+whiteflies+in+cotton%3A+Validation+and+analysis+of+enumerative+and+binomial+plans&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BDiehl%2C+J+W%3BEllsworth%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; Gossypium hirsutum; Homoptera; USA, Arizona; sampling; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - (Z)-11-Eicosen-1-ol, a major component of Apis cerana venom AN - 16118263; 4215408 AB - The unusual venom of Apis cerana contains large oily droplets within an otherwise aqueous secretion. Chemical analysis (GC-MS) revealed that the venom oil consists of (Z)- 11-eicosen-1-ol (81.2%), other linear alcohols (7.7%), and linear hydrocarbons (11.1%). The eicosenol is present in extremely large quantities, averaging over 250 mu g per insect, and is absent, or present in small quantities, in other parts of the sting apparatus. An investigation of the site of eicosenol storage in A. mellifera showed it to be absent from the venom and to be associated with the setose area where the more volatile components of the alarm pheromone are stored, as previously shown by others. A third honeybee species, A. dorsata, does not to contain the alcohol. The function of eicosenol in A. cerana in not clear, but may serve to mark stung intruders with pheromone or to attract foragers to marked floral resources. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Schmidt, JO AU - Morgan, ED AU - Oldham, N J AU - Do Nascimento, RR AU - Dani AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1929 EP - 1939 VL - 23 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - chemical analysis KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Stingless bees KW - (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - venom KW - Apis cerana KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - X 24173:Animals KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16118263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=%28Z%29-11-Eicosen-1-ol%2C+a+major+component+of+Apis+cerana+venom&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+JO%3BMorgan%2C+ED%3BOldham%2C+N+J%3BDo+Nascimento%2C+RR%3BDani&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apidae; Apis cerana; Hymenoptera; venom ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) population dynamics and impact of natural enemies in the Montpellier region of southern France AN - 16117436; 4215241 AB - In a 2-yr field survey in the Montpellier region of southern France, mean density of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) varied greatly within and among fields and sample dates. Peak densities in the spring were from 70 plus or minus 17 to 532 plus or minus 143 aphids per square meter, which is 40-100 times lower than reported in the United States Spatial variation in D. noxia density was strong at the scale of tillers and 1-m super(2) quadrats. Predator density and parasitism varied greatly among fields and sample dates. At the scales of fields and 1-m super(2) quadrats, predator density correlated positively with D. noxia density. When D. noxia population growth rate over each sample interval in each field was regressed stepwise on plant maturity, rainfall, temperature, and the densities of D. noxia, parasitoids, and predators, the only variable included in the regression model was predator density. D. noxia population growth rate declined with predator density, suggesting that predators limited D. noxia abundance. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Chen, K AU - Hopper, K R AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis, 34397 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 866 EP - 875 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - France KW - natural enemies KW - Aphididae KW - population dynamics KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16117436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Diuraphis+noxia+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+population+dynamics+and+impact+of+natural+enemies+in+the+Montpellier+region+of+southern+France&rft.au=Chen%2C+K%3BHopper%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Diuraphis noxia; France; population dynamics; natural enemies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Embryonic diapause in Aulocara elliotti and Ageneotettix deorum (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Low-temperature relationships AN - 16116589; 4215238 AB - Controlled environmental chambers were used to determine the effect of constant low temperatures (0-18 degree C) on diapause termination of the eggs of Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) and Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder), species that require low temperatures for diapause termination. When eggs of A. elliotti and A. deorum were incubated at 30 degree C without low-temperature treatments, 6.1% of A. elliotti hatched after approximately 36 d of incubation and 1.5% of A. deorum hatched after approximately 46 d of incubation. Exposure times (days) to selected constant low temperatures ranged from 15 to 100 d. For both species, the greatest hatch at all low temperatures was induced with exposures of >60 d. Optimum conditions for diapause termination of A. elliotti were calculated to be between 75 and 98 d exposure to 6.6-8 degree C. Optimum conditions for diapause termination of A. deorum were calculated to be between 75 and 77 d exposure to 7-8.6 degree C. These studies provide insight about the univoltinism of these insects and offer evidence that with these species, embryonic diapause terminates before the prolonged subfreezing temperatures of winter. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fisher, J R AD - Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS-PWA, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 906 EP - 911 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Orthoptera KW - Bigheaded grasshopper KW - Grasshoppers KW - Short-horned grasshoppers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - cold tolerance KW - Acrididae KW - diapause KW - Aulocara elliotti KW - Ageneotettix deorum KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Embryonic+diapause+in+Aulocara+elliotti+and+Ageneotettix+deorum+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29%3A+Low-temperature+relationships&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=906&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aulocara elliotti; Ageneotettix deorum; Acrididae; diapause; cold tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three bioremediation agents for mineralization and transformation of pentachlorophenol in soil AN - 16112967; 4215588 AB - Bacteria and fungi have been proposed as bioremediation agents for soil polluted with pentachlorophenol (PCP), and have been studied separately under various conditions. Because rate and extent of PCP degradation, as well as formation of transformation products, can differ among PCP-metabolizing microbes and can be influenced by soil conditions, the study described here compares the activity under similar soil conditions of two bacteria (strains of Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium) and a fungus (Phanerochaete sordida) with respect to laboratory-scale bioremediation of a sandy, low-organic matter soil that was amended with known quantities of radiolabelled PCP. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Pfender, W F AU - Maggard, S P AU - Gander, L K AU - Watrud, L S AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage and Turf Seed Res. Cent., 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 230 EP - 237 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - bacteria KW - fungi KW - soil remediation KW - pentachlorophenol KW - Phanerochaete sordida KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Flavobacterium KW - Pseudomonas KW - bioremediation KW - mineralization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+three+bioremediation+agents+for+mineralization+and+transformation+of+pentachlorophenol+in+soil&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F%3BMaggard%2C+S+P%3BGander%2C+L+K%3BWatrud%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Flavobacterium; bioremediation; soil remediation; bacteria; fungi; mineralization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preference of Gossypium genotypes to Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 16109300; 4208006 AB - Several Gossypium species and genotypes were evaluated in field and greenhouse tests in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, for preference to the whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. Genotypes within G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum, and G. arboreum were examined, including commercial and obsolete cultivars (cultivars that are no longer commercially produced), and modern and diploid genotypes. These genotypes possessed different leaf shapes, pubescence, and foliage color. Field results showed that the highest whitefly populations were on 'Stoneville 453' and the modern genotype 89F46h. The lowest populations were on the obsolete 'Lone Star' and genotypes 88G104 and 'MACAOS'. Greenhouse choice bioassays indicated that several genotypes from G. hirsutum had lower egg or nymph numbers than 'Deltapine 50', including Lone Star, MACAOS, 88G104, and 89E62. Greenhouse bioassays appeared to provide information comparable to field testing, at least for whitefly oviposition. Therefore, in preliminary screening tests where cotton seed is in short supply or certain genotypes cannot be incorporated into field testing, greenhouse bioassays can offer a complementary method. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Meagher, RL Jr AU - Smith, C W AU - Smith, W J AD - USDA-ARS CMAVE, 1700 S.W. 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1046 EP - 1052 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - genotypes KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Gossypium KW - food preferences KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Preference+of+Gossypium+genotypes+to+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Meagher%2C+RL+Jr%3BSmith%2C+C+W%3BSmith%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Meagher&rft.aufirst=RL&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; Gossypium; USA, Texas; food preferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of strain and access to males on female longevity, lifetime oviposition rate, and egg fertility of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16106387; 4204964 AB - The effect of mating frequency on fertility and fecundity over the lifetime of an insect is a major factor influencing reproductive behavior. In this study I tested the relationship between oviposition, egg fertility, and longevity of individual females under conditions of single mating or multiple mating opportunities. Percentage of eggs that were fertile decreased after approximately 3 wk of egg production for single mated females of old lines. New lines either had decreased egg fertility or decreased oviposition when no additional males were available. Repeated exposure to males decreased female longevity in all tests, effects of access to males on oviposition rates varied considerably among females. Profiles of egg production rates of the groups over the adult lifespan were not consistent for the 2 sets of tests for either old or new strains. This study indicated that several factors such as degree of adaptation to rearing conditions and access to males can affect female longevity, total egg production, and fertility. These effects, however, also appear to be influenced by environmental conditions and may vary considerably between experiments. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Mangan, R L AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 945 EP - 954 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - males KW - females KW - Diptera KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - Tephritidae KW - eggs KW - oviposition KW - longevity KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+strain+and+access+to+males+on+female+longevity%2C+lifetime+oviposition+rate%2C+and+egg+fertility+of+the+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Mangan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; longevity; oviposition; eggs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acoustic counting of adult insects with differing rates and intensities of sound production in stored wheat AN - 16100843; 4201445 AB - Automated acoustic detection systems count the insects in a grain sample by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of sounds. The acoustic location fixing insect detector is an automated system developed originally to quantify hidden larval infestations in 1-kg samples of wheat. The detector analyzes input from an array of sensors embedded in the sample container walls. It identifies (scores) a specific pattern of input as an insect if the spatial and temporal distribution matches the criteria based on a calibration with 4th-instar rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L). However, expanded testing has revealed considerable differences in the spatial and temporal distributions of sounds made by insects of different species and sizes. These differences were examined in a series of tests with insects that range an order of magnitude above and below the 1.5-mg weight of the S. oryzae larvae. A particular focus was the detection order of the first 2 sensors registering each sound. Multiple sounds from an insect tend to cluster together into a small number of contiguous 1st:2nd sensor detection pairs, but the pattern for background noises is random. It was determined that the cluster size, the number of contiguous 1st:2nd detection pairs, was proportional to insect weight. The rate of sound detection was inversely proportional to weight. Thus, to reliably count insects with widely varying sound production patterns, the sound pattern identification algorithm needs to self correct, depending on the input received from the grain sample. Adults or larvae generating large numbers of loud sounds, typically weighing >1 mg, can be scored in a few seconds, but those generating small numbers of weak sounds, typically 10 min. The possibility of using differences in cluster size to distinguish among species is also discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Mankin, R W AU - Shuman, D AU - Coffelt, JA AD - USDA-ARS Cent. for Med., Agric., and Veterinary Entomol., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1032 EP - 1038 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Weevils KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - stored products KW - Sitophilus oryzae KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Curculionidae KW - sound production KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Acoustic+counting+of+adult+insects+with+differing+rates+and+intensities+of+sound+production+in+stored+wheat&rft.au=Mankin%2C+R+W%3BShuman%2C+D%3BCoffelt%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Mankin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Sitophilus oryzae; Triticum aestivum; population levels; sound production; stored products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Components of the stilbene optical brightener tinopal LPW as enhancers for the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus AN - 16100783; 4207312 AB - The optical brightener Tinopal LPW is a derivative of triazinyldiaminostilbene sulfonic acid, and consists of 1,3,5-triazine, stilbene, and sulfonic acid components. These components and derivatives were compared with Tinopal LPW to determine the source of activity enhancement for the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus. None of the components or derivatives was as active as Tinopal LPW. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Argauer, R AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 899 EP - 904 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - baculovirus KW - optical brighteners KW - pathogenicity KW - stilbene KW - tinopal LPW KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Baculovirus KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Components+of+the+stilbene+optical+brightener+tinopal+LPW+as+enhancers+for+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+baculovirus&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BArgauer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; pathogenicity; Baculovirus; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the United States that express resistance to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) AN - 16096528; 4201448 AB - The purposes of this study were to select honey bees, Apis mellifera L., for resistance to varroa mites, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, and to find a probable cause for this resistance. As a genetic source, we assembled 8 colonies that we thought had potential for resistance to varroa. Queens and drones were propagated from this group to produce 43 instrumentally inseminated queens, each queen mated to only 1 drone. Colonies from 27 of these queens were tested in Louisiana and 16 were tested in Michigan. Each colony in the Louisiana test began with 986 plus or minus 13 g (mean plus or minus SD) of bees and approximately 290 mites; Michigan colonies began with 3,212 plus or minus 171 bees and approximately 51 mites. The populations of mites and bees were measured 10 wk later. Three of the 43 colonies had fewer mites at the end of the test than at the beginning. During the experiment, we evaluated each colony for grooming behavior, hygienic behavior, the duration of the postcapping period, and the frequency of nonreproducing mites in brood cells. Of these 4 characteristics, only nonreproduction of mites was highly related to a change in the mite population. The duration of the postcapping period was marginally related, and the other 2 characteristics were apparently unrelated to the growth of the mite population. This study showed that resistance to varroa mites is present in the honey bee population in the United States, nonreproduction of mites was highly correlated with the growth of a mite population, and nonreproduction of mites may be a valuable characteristic for selecting bees for resistance to varroa mites. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Harbo, J R AU - Hoopingarner, R A AD - Honey Bee Breeding, Genet. and Physiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 893 EP - 898 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Stingless bees KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - Varroa jacobsoni KW - pest resistance KW - USA, Michigan KW - Varroidae KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Acari KW - Apidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16096528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Honey+bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+in+the+United+States+that+express+resistance+to+Varroa+jacobsoni+%28Mesostigmata%3A+Varroidae%29&rft.au=Harbo%2C+J+R%3BHoopingarner%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Harbo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apidae; Acari; Apis mellifera; Varroa jacobsoni; Varroidae; Hymenoptera; USA, Louisiana; USA, Michigan; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a subcutaneously administered, ultraviolet light-killed Pasteurella multocida A:3-containing bacterin against transthoracic challenge exposure in goats AN - 16091968; 4200725 AB - Objective--To determine the effectiveness of Pasteurella multocida biovar A, serovar 3 (Pm A:3) killed by exposure to UV light and incorporated with a polyacrylate bead carrier as a vaccine. Animals--18 weanling male Spanish goats. Procedure--Prospective, randomized controlled study with 3 treatment groups: positive-control (PC), negative-control (NC), and principal Pm A:3 bacterin (PA) groups. Six PC goats each received live Pm A:3 and polyacrylate beads twice, 22 days apart, by transthoracic injection into the left lung. Six NC goats each received only PA beads twice, 22 days apart, by transthoracic injection. Six principal goats each received Pm A:3 vaccine SC twice, 22 days apart. Fourteen days after the second vaccination, all goats were challenge exposed with live Pm A:3 by transthoracic injection into the right lung, and 4 days later they were euthanatized and necropsied. Results--Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue at the challenge site was 1.75 cm super(3) for the PC group, 15.18 cm super(3) for the NC group, and 3.9 cm super(3) for the PA vaccine group. The NC group had a significantly (P less than or equal to 0.002) larger mean volume of consolidated lung tissue than did the PC and PA groups after challenge exposure. Conclusions--The PA bacterin and the PC groups developed protective immunity against live Pm A:3 challenge exposure. An SC administered, UV light-killed, Pm A:3 bacterin induced protective immunity similar to that induced by virulent live Pm A:3 injected into the target organ, the lung. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Ayers, J R AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 841 EP - 847 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - U.V. radiation KW - bacterins KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+subcutaneously+administered%2C+ultraviolet+light-killed+Pasteurella+multocida+A%3A3-containing+bacterin+against+transthoracic+challenge+exposure+in+goats&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BAyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; U.V. radiation; vaccines; bacterins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid changes in concentration of herbicides in corn field surface depressions AN - 16080910; 4113202 AB - Although herbicide concentrations in runoff water leaving treated fields have long been evaluated, reports of in-field concentrations in water that may infiltrate before runoff begins, are lacking. To characterize this potential contribution to ground water contamination, we treated one plowed and two no-till corn fields with 2 and 3 lb per acre (2.24 and 3.36 kg/ha), respectively, of atrazine and alachlor. We used a simulator to rain on plots within the fields 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days after herbicide application and collected water that accumulated in surface depressions 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after initial ponding. Highest atrazine concentrations were found in t = 0 samples on day 1, ranging up to 2 mg/L in the no-till and 10 mg/L in the plowed areas. At 5 and 30 minutes later, concentrations averaged 2/3 and 1/4 of the t = 0 values, respectively. Alachlor concentrations were 1/2 to 1/3 of atrazine values in the same samples. By day 32 initial concentrations of both herbicides were about 10% of those on day 1 and continued to decrease during the 30-minute sampling period. The rapid decreases in herbicide concentration indicate that significant infiltration of herbicides in preferential flow paths is probably limited to the early parts of the first few storms following application. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Edwards, WM AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Lal, R AU - Owens, L B AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Exptl. Watershed, Coshocton, OH, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 277 EP - 281 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - tillage KW - corn KW - alachlor KW - simulated rainfall KW - temporal distribution KW - preferential flow KW - research facilities KW - puddling KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - agricultural runoff KW - herbicides KW - USA, Ohio, Coshocton KW - atrazine KW - infiltration KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16080910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Rapid+changes+in+concentration+of+herbicides+in+corn+field+surface+depressions&rft.au=Edwards%2C+WM%3BShipitalo%2C+MJ%3BLal%2C+R%3BOwens%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; corn; atrazine; alachlor; simulated rainfall; temporal distribution; groundwater pollution; infiltration; preferential flow; watersheds; research facilities; puddling; agricultural runoff; herbicides; USA, Ohio, Coshocton ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of disturbances in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks AN - 16078806; 4113203 AB - The U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service (NPS) has adopted a policy of restoration of all disturbed sites related to road construction, visitor impact, and facility maintenance. The NPS is committed to maintaining the genetic integrity of the often unique native flora, with secondary goals of erosion control, competition with exotic and noxious invasive plants, and improved overall aesthetics of a disturbed site. In 1985, with financial support of the Federal Highway Administration, both Yellowstone National Park (northwestern Wyoming) and Glacier National Park (northwestern Montana) initiated a restoration program that involved topsoil and plant salvage, native indigenous seed collection and production, plant propagation from seed and cuttings, and extensive seeding and planting of disturbed sites. A nationwide cooperative agreement between the National Park Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service Plant Materials Centers (PMCs) was established in 1986 to assist in the determination of which native species could be readily collected, increased, and successfully reestablished on disturbed sites. The decision by the NPS to adopt a restoration policy has generated many unanswered questions and much controversy concerning the protection and preservation of the indigenous gene pools, e.g., the following: What plant species can be considered indigenous to an open disturbance in a forest community? What constitutes the limits of a genotype? How far away from the project area can plant propagules be collected and still be within these limits? What species can be readily collected and produced using standard agricultural techniques? By taking seed outside of the park to a dissimilar environment to increase seed or plants, is genetic drift or natural selection going to impact the genetic integrity of the plant material? What type of plant community is an acceptable restoration goal? JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Majerus, M AD - USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Cent., Bridger, MT, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 232 EP - 236 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park KW - USA, Montana, Glacier National Park KW - Seeds KW - plant populations KW - rehabilitation KW - topsoil KW - interagency cooperation KW - environmental restoration KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone Natl. Park KW - national parks KW - environmental protection KW - USA, Montana, Glacier Natl. Park KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16078806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+disturbances+in+Yellowstone+and+Glacier+National+Parks&rft.au=Majerus%2C+M&rft.aulast=Majerus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - national parks; Seeds; plant populations; rehabilitation; topsoil; interagency cooperation; environmental protection; USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone Natl. Park; USA, Montana, Glacier Natl. Park; environmental restoration; ecosystem disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of historical and current farming systems on groundwater nitrate in Northern Missouri AN - 16077920; 4113201 AB - A major objective of the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) Project has been to assess farming system impact on NO sub(3)-N concentrations in shallow aquifers. In Missouri our interest was to assess farming systems on the claypan soil/glacial aquifer. Three fields were selected and instrumented with groundwater wells in the spring of 1991. Wells were sampled quarterly and analyzed for NO sub(3)-N. Average NO sub(3)-N concentration since 1991 was 7 mg l super(-1), but 25% of the wells had NO sub(3)-N in excess of 10 mg l super(-1). In one field, NO sub(3) concentrations were much higher and are still decreasing after apparently receiving excess nitrogen (N) from manure and N fertilizer before 1980. Long-term N management has long-term impacts on groundwater quality in this aquifer. Current farming systems are probably affecting groundwater quality, but, because of the glacial till's apparent buffer for NO sub(3) storage, groundwater NO sub(3) concentration changes are slow. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kitchen, N R AU - Blanchard, P E AU - Hughes, D F AU - Lerch, R N AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Cropping Systems and Water Quality Res. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 272 EP - 277 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - MSEA Project KW - storage KW - USA, Missouri, Northern KW - farming KW - agricultural practices KW - agrochemicals KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - fertilizers KW - water quality KW - manure KW - nitrates KW - groundwater pollution KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16077920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Impact+of+historical+and+current+farming+systems+on+groundwater+nitrate+in+Northern+Missouri&rft.au=Kitchen%2C+N+R%3BBlanchard%2C+P+E%3BHughes%2C+D+F%3BLerch%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrates; farming; water quality; groundwater pollution; manure; Aquifers; fertilizers; agricultural practices; agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro super(14)C-amino acid fermentation by CF3 super(TM), a characterized continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture of caecal bacteria AN - 16073572; 4110765 AB - Competition for growth-limiting nutrients by broiler caecal bacteria and Salmonella has been suggested as one factor associated with decreased Salmonella caecal colonization. The amino acids arginine, aspartic acid, serine and threonine have been indicated as Salmonella growth-limiting nutrients. Broiler caecal bacteria maintained in a continuous-flow culture (CF3 super(TM)) were used as inoculum for media containing super(14)C-arginine, super(14)C-aspartic acid, super(14)C-serine or super(14)C-threonine. The super(14)C-labelled amino acids, except super(14)C-arginine, were metabolized to lactic, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids. In glucose-based media, 72%, 72% and 33% of the radiolabel from aspartic acid, serine and threonine, respectively, were detected in organic acids. Fermentation without glucose resulted in 48%, 50% and 71% of the radiolabel from aspartic acid, serine and threonine, respectively, being detected in organic acids. Results indicated that the early establishment of CF3 super(TM) in young chicks may result in the depletion of growth-limiting amino acids and, therefore, reduction of Salmonella colonization. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Hume, ME AU - Nisbet, D J AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, ARS, Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 236 EP - 242 VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - chickens KW - caecal bacteria KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - continuous culture KW - amino acids KW - fermentation KW - Media (culture) KW - culture KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+super%2814%29C-amino+acid+fermentation+by+CF3+super%28TM%29%2C+a+characterized+continuous-flow+competitive+exclusion+culture+of+caecal+bacteria&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - continuous culture; culture; amino acids; fermentation; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of dormant-season prescribed fire on plant community diversity, structure and productivity in a longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem AN - 16059810; 4107450 AB - A flatwoods longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem, which regenerated naturally following wildfire in 1942, on the Coastal Plain of southern Georgia was treated over a period of four decades with prescribed fire at annual, biennial and triennial intervals during the winter dormant season. Burning caused substantial changes in the understory plant community, with significant reductions in the foliar cover of Ilex glabra in the shrub layer resulting in corresponding increases in the cover of Vaccinium myrsinites, Sporobolus curtissii, Aristida stricta and Andropogon spp. Understory plant species richness, diversity and evenness also increased as a result of periodic fire. Dormant-season burning decreased the cover of litter on the forest floor and significantly increased the standing biomass of A. stricta, S. curtissii, Andropogon spp., all other grasses and all forbs. Recurrent fire also prevented the development of a vigorous midstory, that impedes understory growth and poses a serious fire hazard to the stand. Overstory trees were largely unaffected by burning. Historical light grazing on the site produced no measurable effects on the plant community. Findings suggest that the biennial burning interval results in declines of I. glabra in the shrub layer and litter cover on the forest floor, leading to the largest increases in understory plant species richness and diversity and the biomass productivity of grasses and forbs. Although flatwoods plant communities evolved in environments characterized by growing-season fires of variable frequency, long-term application of dormant-season fire is also recommended as a useful option for sustaining resource values in this and similar longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brockway, D G AU - Lewis, CE AD - Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 2205 Columbia Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 167 EP - 183 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 96 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Inberry KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - community composition KW - Aristida stricta KW - Vaccinium myrsinites KW - Sporobolus curtissii KW - Ilex glabra KW - Pinus palustris KW - USA, Georgia KW - savannahs KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+dormant-season+prescribed+fire+on+plant+community+diversity%2C+structure+and+productivity+in+a+longleaf+pine+wiregrass+ecosystem&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D+G%3BLewis%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ilex glabra; Pinus palustris; Sporobolus curtissii; Vaccinium myrsinites; Aristida stricta; USA, Georgia; fires; community composition; savannahs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sth132I, a novel class-IIS restriction endonuclease of Streptococcus thermophilus ST132 AN - 16059100; 4107462 AB - The Sth132I restriction endonuclease (R.Sth132I) was detected in Streptococcus thermophilus ST132 and purified to near homogeneity by heparin Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography. Fragments from Sth132I digestion of plasmid DNA were subcloned into pUC19 in Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and sequenced. Sequence analysis of inserts and their ligation junction sites revealed that Sth132I is a novel class-IIS restriction endonuclease, which recognizes the non-palindromic sequence5'-CCCG(N)4-3'3'-GGGC(N)8-5'. JF - Gene AU - Poch, M T AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Solaiman, DKY AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 201 EP - 206 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 195 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - deoxyribonuclease Sth132I KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07321:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Sth132I%2C+a+novel+class-IIS+restriction+endonuclease+of+Streptococcus+thermophilus+ST132&rft.au=Poch%2C+M+T%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY&rft.aulast=Poch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rethinking remediation technologies for desertified landscapes AN - 16047662; 4098652 AB - Shrub-dominated communities have replaced native grasslands throughout much of the arid Southwest during the past 120 years. Most currently available remediation technologies are uneconomical due to large inputs of energy, fertilizers, herbicides and labor, or are ecologically ineffective due to harsh environments and the highly competitive nature of these native shrubs. Our analysis of these historical remediation technologies together with new information on ecosystem processes has led us to pursue an ecologically-based approach in which more limited inputs are targeted to promote natural processes of regeneration. Advantages to this approach include lower costs, reduced reliance on agronomic practices, and maintenance of natural landscape features. Disadvantages include longer time required for desired changes to occur, and a need for increased understanding of arid land processes. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Herrick, JE AU - Havstad, K M AU - Coffin, D P AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Exp. Range, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003 USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 220 EP - 225 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - desertification KW - arid lands KW - arid environments KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - technology KW - remediation KW - grasses KW - USA KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16047662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Rethinking+remediation+technologies+for+desertified+landscapes&rft.au=Herrick%2C+JE%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BCoffin%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Herrick&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - desertification; remediation; grasses; arid lands; technology; USA; arid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of meta-phenylenediamine by the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AN - 79239330; 9268039 AB - Promutagens/procarcinogens arylamines are widely distributed in the environment. While it is accepted that these compounds can be metabolized to ultimate mutagens in mammals and higher plants, in aquatic plants they have not yet been explored. Intact wild-type and repair-deficient strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain were assayed for their ability to activate meta-phenylenediamine (m-PDA) to an ultimate mutagen. The different responses of the algal wild-type strain and repair-deficient strains to the toxic and mutagenic effects of m-PDA were observed. Recombination repair played an important role in repair of damage induced to C. reinhardtii DNA by this arylamine. The examined isomer of phenylenediamine induced mutations in both algal and yeast cells. m-PDA was activated in the algal cell/microbe coincubation assay in which algal cells were used as an activating system and bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the genetic indicator organisms. This new assay is, in addition to the animal microsome metabolizing system and the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay, suitable for the detection of environmental promutagens and their conversion to mutagens mainly in aquatic environments. JF - Mutation research AU - Vlcek, D AU - Miadoková, E AU - Vlckova, V AU - Slaninová, M AU - Podstavková, S AD - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. vlcek@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1997/07/14/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 14 SP - 143 EP - 151 VL - 391 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Phenylenediamines KW - 3-phenylenediamine KW - OE624J2447 KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Animals KW - DNA Repair KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mutation KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- drug effects KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- metabolism KW - Phenylenediamines -- toxicity KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- genetics KW - Phenylenediamines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79239330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+meta-phenylenediamine+by+the+alga+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii.&rft.au=Vlcek%2C+D%3BMiadokov%C3%A1%2C+E%3BVlckova%2C+V%3BSlaninov%C3%A1%2C+M%3BPodstavkov%C3%A1%2C+S&rft.aulast=Vlcek&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-14&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for light-dependent and light-independent protein dephosphorylation in chloroplasts. AN - 79232989; 9271212 AB - A number of photosystem II (PSII) associated proteins, including core proteins D1, D2 and CP43, and several proteins of the LHCII complex, are phosphorylated by a thylakoid-bound, redox-regulated kinase(s). We demonstrate here that the compound propyl gallate is an effective inhibitor of LHCII phosphorylation in vivo while having little effect on PSII core protein phosphorylation. Using this inhibitor, we demonstrate that LHCII dephosphorylation is insensitive to light in vivo. Taken together with our previous conclusion (Elich et al., EMBO J. 12 (1993) 4857-4862) that PSII core protein dephosphorylation is light-stimulated, our data suggest the presence of multiple phosphatases responsible for thylakoid protein dephosphorylation in vivo. JF - FEBS letters AU - Elich, T D AU - Edelman, M AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA/ARS, MD 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/07/14/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 14 SP - 236 EP - 238 VL - 411 IS - 2-3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins KW - Photosystem II Protein Complex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Propyl Gallate KW - 8D4SNN7V92 KW - Diuron KW - 9I3SDS92WY KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases KW - EC 3.1.3.16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Phosphorylation KW - Diuron -- pharmacology KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Propyl Gallate -- pharmacology KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- metabolism KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- chemistry KW - Light KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Chloroplasts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79232989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+light-dependent+and+light-independent+protein+dephosphorylation+in+chloroplasts.&rft.au=Elich%2C+T+D%3BEdelman%2C+M%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Elich&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-07-14&rft.volume=411&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary nickel and folic acid interact to affect folate and methionine metabolism in the rat AN - 815536586; 13856946 AB - A previous experiment using rats indicated that dietary nickel (Ni), folic acid, and their interaction affected variables associated with one-carbon metabolism. That study used diets that produced only mild folate deficiency. Thus, an experiment was performed to determine the effect of a severe folate deficiency on nickel deprivation in rats. A 22 factorially arranged experiment used groups of six weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Dietary variables were nickel, as NiCl sub(2).6H sub(2)O, 0 or 1 mu g/g and folic acid, 0 or 4 mg/kg. All diets contained 10 g succinylsulfathiazole/kg to suppress microbial folate synthesis. The basal diet contained <20 ng Ni/g. After 50 d, an interaction between nickel and folate affected the urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) and the liver concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Because of this, it is proposed that the physiological function of nickel is related to the common metabolism shared by SAM and FIGLU. Possibly the physiological function of nickel could be related to the tissue concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) or tetrahydrofolate (THF). JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Uthus, Eric O AU - Poellot, Rhonda A AD - Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 9034, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 25 EP - 33 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 58 IS - 1-2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Succinylsulfathiazole KW - Nickel KW - Liver KW - tetrahydrofolic acid KW - Excretion KW - Folic acid KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - Metabolism KW - Methionine KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815536586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Dietary+nickel+and+folic+acid+interact+to+affect+folate+and+methionine+metabolism+in+the+rat&rft.au=Uthus%2C+Eric+O%3BPoellot%2C+Rhonda+A&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02910663 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Succinylsulfathiazole; Nickel; Liver; Excretion; tetrahydrofolic acid; Folic acid; S-Adenosylmethionine; Methionine; Metabolism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02910663 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic hydrolysis of high-moisture corn fiber pretreated by afex and recovery and recycling of the enzyme complex AN - 807289940; 13858687 AB - Corn fiber is a grain-processing residue containing significant amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch, which is collected in facilities where fuel ethanol is currently manufactured. Preliminary research has shown that corn fiber (30% moisture dry weight basis [dwb]) responds well to ammonia-fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment. However, an important AFEX pretreatment variable that has not been adequately explored for corn fiber is sample moisture. In the present investigation, we determined the best AFEX operating conditions for pretreatment of corn fiber at high moisture content (150% moisture dwb). The optimized AFEX treatment conditions are defined in terms of the moisture content, particle size, ammonia to biomass ratio, temperature, and residence time using the response of the pretreated biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis as an indicator. Approximate optimal-pretreatment conditions for unground corn fiber containing 150% (dwb) moisture were found to be: temperature, 90C; ammonia: dry corn fiber mass ratio, 1:1; and residence time 30 min (average reactor pressure under these conditions was 200 pounds per square inch [psig]). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the treated corn fiber was performed with three different enzyme combinations. More than 80% of the theoretical sugar yield was obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis using the best enzyme combination after pretreatment of corn fiber under the optimized conditions previously described. A simple process for enzyme recovery and reuse to hydrolyze multiple portions of AFEX-treated corn fiber by one portion of enzyme preparation is demonstrated. Using this process, five batches of fresh substrate (at a concentration of 5% w/v) were successfully hydrolyzed by repeated recovery and reuse of one portion of enzyme preparation, with the addition of a small portion of fresh enzyme in each subsequent recycling step. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Dale, B E AU - Hespell, R B AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, 61604, Peoria, IL Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 113 EP - 126 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 67 IS - 1-2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Fuels KW - Ammonia KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Recycling KW - Starch KW - Hydrolysis KW - hemicellulose KW - Fibers KW - Pressure KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807289940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+hydrolysis+of+high-moisture+corn+fiber+pretreated+by+afex+and+recovery+and+recycling+of+the+enzyme+complex&rft.au=Moniruzzaman%2C+M%3BDale%2C+B+E%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Moniruzzaman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02787846 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Particle size; Sugar; Ammonia; Fuels; Cellulose; Enzymes; Starch; Recycling; Biomass; Hydrolysis; hemicellulose; Fibers; Pressure; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02787846 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FIFRA-88, GLP, and QA: pesticide registration. AN - 79572990; 9509549 AB - The 1988 amendment to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA-88) has decreased the number of pesticide registrations in the United States. Subsequent implementation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and quality assurance (QA) standards has increased costs of maintaining these registrations. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) maintains approximately 30 Section 3 (federal) or Section 24c (state) vertebrate pesticide registrations for the Wildlife Services (WS) program to control wild mammals and birds that damage crops, impact endangered species, or pose human health risks. Under FIFRA-88, APHIS summarized, performed, and submitted or gained waivers for > 500 studies requested by the U.S. EPA to assess potential hazards/effects of these pesticides. A summary of FIFRA-88 milestones for registration of 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH), the active ingredient (AI) in a "low-volume, minor-use" avicide (DRC-1339, Starlicide), is used to illustrate GLP/QA/animal welfare issues involved in this process. Trends in the development of new pesticides and veterinary drugs are compared to provide some perspectives on future career paths for QA professionals. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Sterner, R T AU - Fagerstone, K A AD - USDA/APHIS/WS, National Wildlife Research Center, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80524-2719, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 171 EP - 182 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Animal Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Birds KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Registries KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Conservation of Natural Resources -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79572990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=FIFRA-88%2C+GLP%2C+and+QA%3A+pesticide+registration.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+R+T%3BFagerstone%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the tobacco and Arabidopsis homologues of the pollen-expressed LAT59 gene of tomato. AN - 79245771; 9278171 AB - We describe the complete genomic sequences for the tobacco and Arabidopsis homologues of tomato LAT59, a previously described member of a family of pectate lyase-like genes. Translation of the tobacco gene, Nt59, predicts a protein with 93.5% overall amino acid similarity to LAT59. Nt59 has two introns whose positions are exactly conserved with the two introns of LAT59. Both LAT59 and Nt59 are specifically expressed in pollen and their promoter and 5'-UTR sequences are highly similar. Furthermore, two promoter elements shown to be important for pollen expression of LAT59 are conserved in the Nt59 promoter. The Arabidopsis homologue, At59, was found by examination of four candidates. At59 has 72.6% amino acid similarity to LAT59 and the position of one of its two introns is conserved with one of the LAT59 introns. At59 is also pollen-expressed and although its promoter sequence is quite different from the Nt59 and LAT59 promoters, the two promoter elements are somewhat conserved. JF - Plant molecular biology AU - Kulikauskas, R AU - McCormick, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA/ARS-UC Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 809 EP - 814 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases KW - EC 4.2.2.- KW - pectate lyase KW - EC 4.2.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- enzymology KW - Arabidopsis -- enzymology KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Pollen -- genetics KW - Pollen -- enzymology KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- genetics KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79245771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+tobacco+and+Arabidopsis+homologues+of+the+pollen-expressed+LAT59+gene+of+tomato.&rft.au=Kulikauskas%2C+R%3BMcCormick%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kulikauskas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U83621; GENBANK; U83620; U83622; U95924; U83619; U85646 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatotroph function in the neonatal pig. AN - 79217378; 9260062 AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate developmental changes in somatotroph function and related gene expression in neonatal pigs. Male piglets were sacrificed at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age (8/age group) for the collection of tissue and blood. Serum concentrations of GH were determined. Quantitations of mRNA were performed for pituitary Pit-1, GH, and GHRH receptor. Cultures of pituitary cells from each pig were stimulated with 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 nM GHRH; 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP; or 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate. Elevated serum concentrations of GH were observed at 1 d of age, followed by a pronounced decrease to basal levels thereafter (P < 0.0001). A mild transient increase in circulating GH occurred at Day 28. In vitro GH secretion was significantly stimulated by secretagogue treatments (P < 0.0001). Age-related declines in in vitro GH secretion were observed regardless of if the cells were stimulated by GHRH or by secretagogues that bypass the GHRH receptor (P < 0.001). Similarly, cellular GH content varied with age (P = 0.01). Levels of pituitary GH mRNA (P = 0.01) and GHRH receptor mRNA (P = 0.0002) decreased with age. The quantity of GHRH receptor mRNA was correlated with GH mRNA levels (r = 0.55, P = 0.02), serum GH concentrations (r = 0.55, P = 0.02), and in vitro GH secretion (r = 0.66, P = 0.001). Pituitary Pit-1 mRNA levels at 7 and 14 d of age were significantly elevated relative to all other sampling times (P = 0.0002). Levels of Pit-1 and GH mRNAs were significantly correlated (r = 0.64, P = 0.003). These results demonstrate a strong developmental regulation of somatotrophic function and related gene expression during the early neonatal period of the pig. Age-related decreases in secretory function may be mediated by concurrent mechanisms relating to the expression of the GHRH receptor and of GH. JF - Domestic animal endocrinology AU - Matteri, R L AU - Carroll, J A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 241 EP - 249 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0739-7240, 0739-7240 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Phospholipid Transfer Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone KW - somatotropin releasing hormone receptor KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone KW - 9034-39-3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- genetics KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- analysis KW - Linear Models KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- analysis KW - Male KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- genetics KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - RNA, Messenger -- chemistry KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- analysis KW - Base Sequence KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Carrier Proteins -- analysis KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Swine -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- genetics KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- secretion KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- analysis KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- cytology KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79217378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Somatotroph+function+in+the+neonatal+pig.&rft.au=Matteri%2C+R+L%3BCarroll%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Matteri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.issn=07397240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between aerobic bacteria, salmonellae and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. AN - 79075027; 9200241 AB - Broiler carcasses were removed from commercial processing lines immediately after defeathering, before chilling, and after chilling to determine whether any relationship exists between aerobic bacteria and the human enteropathogens salmonellae and Campylobacter. In two experiments, a whole carcass rinse procedure was used to sample 30 carcasses after defeathering, 90 carcasses before chilling, and 90 carcasses after chilling, for a total of 210 different carcasses. Aerobic bacteria and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated and the incidence of salmonellae was determined. Salmonellae and Campylobacter incidences were 20 and 94%, respectively, for all carcasses sampled. After picking, neither salmonellae-positive nor Campylobacter-positive carcasses had mean aerobic most probable number (MPN) values that were different from carcasses negative for those organisms. Immediately before chilling, aerobic and Campylobacter counts were 7.12 and 5.33 log10 cfu per carcass, respectively. Immersion chilling reduced aerobic counts by approximately 1.8 log and Campylobacter by 1.5 log, with no change in salmonellae-positive carcasses. There was no difference in aerobic or Campylobacter counts between carcasses that were positive or negative for salmonellae at any of the sampling locations, nor was any correlation found between levels of aerobic organisms and Campylobacter. Carcasses with aerobic counts above the mean or more than one standard deviation above the mean also failed to show any correlation. Discriminant analysis indicated error rates as high as 50% when numbers of aerobic bacteria were used to predict incidence of salmonellae or Campylobacter on individual carcasses. Aerobic bacteria are not suitable as index organisms for salmonellae or Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. JF - Poultry science AU - Cason, J A AU - Bailey, J S AU - Stern, N J AU - Whittemore, A D AU - Cox, N A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 1037 EP - 1041 VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- standards KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79075027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+aerobic+bacteria%2C+salmonellae+and+Campylobacter+on+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BBailey%2C+J+S%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D%3BCox%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wood transport in streams; a flume experiment AN - 52677855; 1997-069009 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Braudrick, Christian A AU - Grant, Gordon E AU - Ishikawa, Yoshiharu AU - Ikeda, Hiroshi Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 669 EP - 683 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - debris KW - wood KW - stream transport KW - logjams KW - channels KW - rates KW - fluid dynamics KW - physical models KW - flume studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52677855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wood+transport+in+streams%3B+a+flume+experiment&rft.au=Braudrick%2C+Christian+A%3BGrant%2C+Gordon+E%3BIshikawa%2C+Yoshiharu%3BIkeda%2C+Hiroshi&rft.aulast=Braudrick&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; debris; fluid dynamics; flume studies; logjams; physical models; rates; stream transport; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibrating a soil water and energy budget model with remotely sensed data to obtain quantitative information about the soil AN - 50168576; 1997-069084 AB - A soil water energy and transpiration model (SWEAT) coupled with a microwave emission model (MICRO-SWEAT) was used to predict the microwave brightness temperature of both bare and corn plots during a drying cycle. The predicted microwave brightness temperatures compared favorably to measurements made with an L band (21 cm, 1.4 GHz) passive microwave radiometer. In addition, SWEAT successfully modeled time series of soil water content and soil temperature. The modeled brightness temperature for the bare soil was most sensitive to the parameters describing the soil water retention and conductivity characteristics. These were predicted by varying each parameter in turn until there was a minimum between the measured and modeled brightness temperature. The predicted parameters were in agreement with the measured values to within the experimental error. The microwave brightness temperatures estimated for the corn soil were sensitive to the vegetation parameters as well as to the soil hydraulic properties. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Burke, Eleanor J AU - Gurney, Robert J AU - Simmonds, Lester P AU - Jackson, Thomas J Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 1689 EP - 1697 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - vegetation KW - temperature KW - microwave methods KW - brightness KW - evaporation KW - transpiration KW - water regimes KW - MICRO-SWEAT KW - SWEAT KW - pore water KW - energy KW - remote sensing KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50168576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Calibrating+a+soil+water+and+energy+budget+model+with+remotely+sensed+data+to+obtain+quantitative+information+about+the+soil&rft.au=Burke%2C+Eleanor+J%3BGurney%2C+Robert+J%3BSimmonds%2C+Lester+P%3BJackson%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01000 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brightness; energy; evaporation; experimental studies; field studies; hydrology; MICRO-SWEAT; microwave methods; pore water; remote sensing; soils; SWEAT; temperature; transpiration; vegetation; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of dehydroabietic acid to rainbow trout: Manipulation of biotransformation enzymes AN - 17163246; 4449748 AB - Resin acids constitute the most important group of acutely toxic chemicals to fish in waste waters of pulp mills; dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) is one of the most persistent and abundant. The acute toxicity of DHAA has been previously determined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); however, the effect of biotransformation enzyme manipulation on acute toxicity is not known. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and salicylamide (SAL) were utilised in the present study to determine their role in the acute toxicity of DHAA and their effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase specific activities. Estimates of mean 96-h LC50 values were 1.79, 1.58, and 1.80 mg/L DHAA for control, PBO- and SAL-treated fish, respectively; acute toxicity of DHAA in PBO-treated fish was significantly higher than in controls and other treatments. Specific activities indicated that PBO significantly induced EROD response. Unexpectedly, SAL-treated fish did not have an inhibited UDPGT response (substrate = p-nitrophenol) despite residue analyses which indicated that SAL inhibited glucuronidation of DHAA. These results suggest that manipulation of glucuronidation (detoxication) by SAL has little or no effect on the acute toxicity of DHAA to rainbow trout. Piperonyl butoxide treatment induces EROD and increases toxicity, suggesting that Phase I biotransformation has an important role in the acute toxicity of DHAA. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Straus, D L AU - Stuthridge, T R AU - Anderson, S M AU - Gifford, J S AD - Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 860, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA, dlsname.com Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 131 EP - 139 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - EROD KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Rainbow trout KW - acute toxicity KW - dehydroabietic acid KW - piperonyl butoxide KW - salicylamide KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution effects KW - Biochemical analysis KW - Paper industry wastes KW - Toxicity tests KW - Pulp mills KW - Enzymes KW - Pulp wastes KW - Fish physiology KW - Acids KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Waste water KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17163246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+dehydroabietic+acid+to+rainbow+trout%3A+Manipulation+of+biotransformation+enzymes&rft.au=Straus%2C+D+L%3BStuthridge%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+S+M%3BGifford%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Straus&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pulp wastes; Fish physiology; Acids; Biochemical analysis; Enzymes; Pollution effects; Waste water; Toxicity tests; Pulp mills; Wastewater discharges; Toxicity testing; Paper industry wastes; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viruses of White Clover in Pastures of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont AN - 17163034; 4452598 AB - Incidence of six viruses was tested in white clover from 28 rotationally grazed pastures of Pennsylvania (PA), New York (NY), and Vermont (VT). Each of 17 PA pastures was sampled fall 1994, spring 1995, fall 1995, and spring 1996, and 10 pastures were sampled fall 1996. Each of five NY and six VT pastures was sampled spring and fall 1995 and 1996. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted for red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV), white clover mosaic virus (WCMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV), clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV), and the potyvirus group (POTY). RCVMV, WCMV, AlMV, and POTY were detected in 28, 28, 27, and 25 of the 28 pastures and in 67, 32, 30, and 7% of the 3,065 samples tested, respectively. PSV occurred at low to moderate levels in 11 PA pastures. PSV was rare in NY and was not detected in VT. CYMV was never found. Incidence of each virus varied significantly among pastures. For any given virus, there was not a significant variation in incidence among sampling dates within the NY-VT samples. RCVMV, WCMV, and POTY varied among dates within PA. JF - Plant Disease AU - Sherwood, R T AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, rts@psu.edu Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 817 EP - 820 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, New York KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - USA, Vermont KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Pasture KW - Red clover vein mosaic virus KW - White clover mosaic virus KW - Sampling KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17163034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Viruses+of+White+Clover+in+Pastures+of+Pennsylvania%2C+New+York%2C+and+Vermont&rft.au=Sherwood%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Red clover vein mosaic virus; White clover mosaic virus; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Pasture; Sampling; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mapping of resistance to blight in an interspecific cross in the genus Castanea AN - 17131674; 4432935 AB - A three-generation American chestnut x Chinese chestnut pedigree was used to construct a genetic linkage map for chestnut and to investigate the control of resistance to Endothia parasitica (chestnut blight fungus). DNA genotypes for 241 polymorphic markers (eight isozymes, 17 restriction fragment length polymorphisms [RFLPs], and 216 random amplified polymorphic DNAs [RAPDs] were assayed on an F sub(2) family consisting of 102 individuals. Of these markers, 196 were segregating as expected and, subsequently, used for primary linkage mapping. Two isozymes, 12 RFLPs, and 170 RAPDs were mapped to 12 linkage groups spanning a total genetic distance of 530.1 Kosambi centimorgans. F sub(2) plants were evaluated for a response to E. parasitica infection by directly inoculating them with two unique fungal isolates and measuring canker expansion over a period of 3.5 months. Results were compared with the marker genotype data, thereby identifying genomic regions significantly associated with a resistance response. Single-marker or nonsimultaneous analyses of variance identified seven genomic regions that appear to have an effect on host response. Multiple-marker or simultaneous models suggest that three of these regions have a significant effect on host response, together explaining as much as 42.2% of the total variation for canker size. At each of the three putative resistance loci, alleles derived from the Chinese chestnut grandparent were associated with smaller canker size, or higher levels of resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kubisiak, T L AU - Hebard, F V AU - Nelson, C D AU - Zhang, J AU - Bernatzky, R AU - Huang, H AU - Anagnostakis, S L AU - Doudrick, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 751 EP - 759 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - blight KW - disease resistance KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endothia parasitica KW - Castanea KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Molecular+mapping+of+resistance+to+blight+in+an+interspecific+cross+in+the+genus+Castanea&rft.au=Kubisiak%2C+T+L%3BHebard%2C+F+V%3BNelson%2C+C+D%3BZhang%2C+J%3BBernatzky%2C+R%3BHuang%2C+H%3BAnagnostakis%2C+S+L%3BDoudrick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kubisiak&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Castanea; Endothia parasitica; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism for genetic characterization of Colletotrichum pathogens of alfalfa AN - 17129654; 4432936 AB - Amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to assess the levels of genomic variations among species and isolates of the genus Colletotrichum. Our objective was to characterize at the molecular level two alfalfa pathogens, isolates Arl-NW and 57RR, which are unusually aggressive to anthracnose-resistant alfalfa cultivars and whose taxa has been uncertain based on morphological criteria. The fingerprint patterns obtained were complex but did enable us to place these two isolates within the species C. trifolii and C. gloeosporioides, respectively. The diversity detected with AFLP among and within Colletotrichum species from alfalfa and other crops corroborated their published taxonomy based on morphology, ribosomal DNA sequence, and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. Similarity matrices generated with three primer pairs were highly correlated and, thus, were combined to determine the similarity among the fungal species and isolates that were analyzed. Analysis of the data generated with each of the primer pairs individually and application of either distance or parsimony methods supported the placement of these two isolates. The parsimony method of data analysis was more confirmatory in the placement of Phoma medicaginis as an outgroup than the distance method, using either simple matching or Jaccard's coefficients to generate the similarity matrices. Our conclusion is that the AFLP technique will be useful for identification of individual isolates within complex genera such as Colletotrichum because of its ability to generate large numbers of polymorphisms and the consistency of polymerase chain reaction amplification. JF - Phytopathology AU - O'Neill, N R AU - van Berkum, P AU - Lin, J-J AU - Kuo, J AU - Ude, G N AU - Kenworthy, W AU - Saunders, JA AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 745 EP - 750 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - anthracnose KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Medicago sativa KW - Colletotrichum trifolii KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17129654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Application+of+amplified+restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+for+genetic+characterization+of+Colletotrichum+pathogens+of+alfalfa&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3Bvan+Berkum%2C+P%3BLin%2C+J-J%3BKuo%2C+J%3BUde%2C+G+N%3BKenworthy%2C+W%3BSaunders%2C+JA&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum trifolii; Medicago sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of harmful algal blooms using photopigments and absorption signatures: A case study of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve AN - 16365639; 4269875 AB - The utility of photopigments and absorption signatures to detect and enumerate the red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve, was evaluated in laboratory cultures and in natural assemblages. The carotenoid, gyroxanthin-diester, was an adequate biomarker for G. breve biomass; water-column concentrations corresponded with cell standing crops and chlorophyll a concentrations during bloom events in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Unlike other carotenoids, the relative abundance of gyroxanthin-diester did not change throughout a range of physiological states in culture and the gyroxanthin-diester:chlorophyll a ratio exhibited little variability in a natural assemblage during bloom senescence. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that wavelengths indicative of in vivo absorption by accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids could correctly discern spectra of the fucoxanthin-containing G. breve from spectra of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, a diatom, a haptophyte, and a prasinophyte. With the use of a similarity algorithm, the increasing contribution of G. breve was discerned in absorption spectra (and corresponding fourth-derivative plots) for hypothetical mixed assemblages. However, the absorption properties of chlorophyll c-containing algae vary little among taxa and it is difficult to discern the contribution of accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids caused by cell packaging. Therefore, the use of absorption spectra alone may not identify the contribution of a chlorophyll c-containing taxon to the composite spectrum of a mixed assemblage. This difficulty in distinguishing among spectra can be minimized by using the similarity algorithm in conjunction with fourth-derivative analysis. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Millie, D F AU - Schofield, OM AU - Kirkpatrick, G J AU - Johnsen, G AU - Tester, P A AU - Vinyard, B T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1240 EP - 1251 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - USA, Florida KW - USA, Florida, Sarasota Bay KW - carotenoids KW - chlorophyll KW - chlorophylls KW - methodology KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Algal blooms KW - Chlorophylls KW - Gymnodinium breve KW - Chlorophyll KW - Red tides KW - Eutrophication KW - Algorithms KW - Phytoplankton KW - Red tide KW - Case studies KW - Pigments KW - Absorption KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Photosynthetic pigments KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Measuring techniques KW - Spectral analysis KW - Methodology KW - Cultures KW - Carotenoids KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - K 03068:Algae KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - K 03044:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16365639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Detection+of+harmful+algal+blooms+using+photopigments+and+absorption+signatures%3A+A+case+study+of+the+Florida+red+tide+dinoflagellate%2C+Gymnodinium+breve&rft.au=Millie%2C+D+F%3BSchofield%2C+OM%3BKirkpatrick%2C+G+J%3BJohnsen%2C+G%3BTester%2C+P+A%3BVinyard%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Millie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Chlorophylls; Algal blooms; Red tides; Eutrophication; Measuring techniques; Algorithms; Spectral analysis; Phytoplankton; Methodology; Pigments; Photosynthetic pigments; Cultures; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll; Case studies; Dinoflagellates; Absorption; Red tide; Gymnodinium breve; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of drug-tolerant strains of Pythium sylvaticum using sublethal enrichment AN - 16338278; 4301576 AB - Sublethal enrichment was used to generate mutants of Pythium sylvaticum tolerant to kanamycin and tetracycline. Kanamycin tolerance was readily generated, and mutants had growth rates similar to wild-type isolates at antibiotic concentrations lethal to wild-type isolates. Based on crosses between wild-type and mutant isolates, two types of inheritance of tolerance were identified. A high level of kanamycin tolerance was inherited in progeny only when the maternal parent was drug tolerant and was correlated with the inheritance of maternal mitochondrial DNA. A lower level of tolerance was observed in some progeny when the paternal parent was tolerant to the antibiotic and, based on the lack of inheritance of paternal mitochondrial DNA, was presumably nuclear-encoded. Selection of mutants tolerant to tetracycline took longer to generate than kanamycin-tolerant mutants. Based on crosses between tolerant and wild-type parents, tolerance to tetracycline was nuclear-encoded. Tolerance to both antibiotics was stable, with cultures retaining tolerance following repeated transfers on nonamended medium and after storage for 7 years. JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - Semer, CR IV AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 685 EP - 692 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - drug resistance KW - kanamycin KW - tetracycline KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16338278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Selection+of+drug-tolerant+strains+of+Pythium+sylvaticum+using+sublethal+enrichment&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BSemer%2C+CR+IV&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frankia in decaying fallen trees devoid of actinorhizal hosts and soil AN - 16319142; 4248012 AB - Fallen trees, recruited by natural catastrophic events, are abundant on the forest floor of many natural forests. They pass through recognizable classes of decomposition, forming a major structural diversity with many ecological functions, and providing habitats for plants, animals, and microorganisms. In greenhouse studies, wood samples collected from within fallen trees decades-old, partially decomposed under both conifer and red alder stands induced effective nodule formation in Alnus rubra, indicating that the fallen trees, devoid of soil and actinorhizal host roots, contained infectious and effective Frankia. Nodule development, growth, and nitrogen fixation were greatest in wood from fallen trees in the alder stand. Frankia is apparently able to live saprophytically or exists in spores in partially decomposed wood. JF - Microbiological Research AU - Li, Ching-Yan AU - Crawford, R H AU - Chang, Tun-Tschu AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 167 EP - 169 VL - 152 IS - 2 SN - 0944-5013, 0944-5013 KW - Red alder KW - decay KW - forests KW - nitrogen fixation KW - nodules KW - trees KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Research&rft.atitle=Frankia+in+decaying+fallen+trees+devoid+of+actinorhizal+hosts+and+soil&rft.au=Li%2C+Ching-Yan%3BCrawford%2C+R+H%3BChang%2C+Tun-Tschu&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ching-Yan&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+Research&rft.issn=09445013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum on black walnut AN - 16317752; 4255004 AB - Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum is killing butternut (Juglans cinerea) throughout North America. Although black walnut (J. nigra) and other Juglans spp. can be infected with artificial inoculations (2), butternut previously was thought to be the only known natural host. In May 1985, a black walnut, 48 cm in diameter with multiple elliptical cankers on the main stem and lower branches, was found by R. L. Anderson in North Carolina. No fruit bodies were present but isolation from cankers characteristic of those found on butternut produced sporulating pure cultures identical to those described for S. clavigignenti-juglandacearum (1). A large butternut with coalescing, elliptical cankers was located about 45 m from the infected walnut. In spring 1996, in a plantation in southeastern Minnesota, examination of two 20-year-old black walnuts exhibiting branch dieback revealed hyphal pegs and hyaline, two-celled, fusiform conidia identical to those described for S. clavigignenti-juglandacearum (1) on 1994 and 1995 branch wood. Isolations from symptomatic twigs resulted in recovery of the fungus in pure culture. Scattered, naturally occurring, infected, mature butternut and butternut saplings with multiple branch and stem cankers were growing throughout the plantation. Severe winter injury of black walnut in southeastern Minnesota the preceding 3 years may have predisposed trees to infection. JF - Plant Disease AU - Ostry, ME AU - Katovich, S AU - Anderson, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 830 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Butternut KW - North America KW - USA, Minnesota KW - plant diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+Sirococcus+clavigignenti-juglandacearum+on+black+walnut&rft.au=Ostry%2C+ME%3BKatovich%2C+S%3BAnderson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Ostry&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancing biological nitrogen fixation: An appraisal of current and alternative technologies for N input into plants AN - 16317269; 4249134 AB - Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) involves a highly specialized and intricately evolved interactions between soil microorganisms and higher plants for harnessing the atmospheric elemental nitrogen (N). This process has been researched for almost a century for efficient N input into plants. The basic mechanism and biochemical steps involved in BNF have been unraveled. It has become abundantly clear that the host plant (legumes) dominates in regulating the BNF process. Environmental factors as well influence this process. Perturbation or any manipulation of the interactions between the bacteria and the legumes seems to offset the critical balance, usually to the detriment of N fixation efficiency. Not much success has been obtained in either enhancing BNF in legumes or transferring important BNF traits to non-nitrogen fixing organisms. An appraisal is given for the lack of success in making the BNF process a popular and efficient agronomic practice. Alternative physiological approaches are presented for improving mobilization, redistribution and utilization of stored N reserves within the host plant. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Shantharam, S AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Biotechnol. Evaluations, USDA/APHIS, BSS, Riverside, MD 20737-1237, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 205 EP - 216 VL - 194 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Anabaena KW - hosts KW - nitrogen fixation KW - soil microorganisms KW - symbiosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Enhancing+biological+nitrogen+fixation%3A+An+appraisal+of+current+and+alternative+technologies+for+N+input+into+plants&rft.au=Shantharam%2C+S%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Shantharam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial production of a novel trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid from linoleic acid AN - 16316807; 4254973 AB - A bacterium isolated from a dry soil sample collected from McCalla, AL, USA, converted linoleic acid to a novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9 (Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA). The organism is a Gram-positive, non-motile rod (0.5 mu m x 2 mu m). It was identified as a species of Clavibacter ALA2. The product was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, and its structure was determined by super(1)H and super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and by mass spectrometer. Maximum production of THOA with 25% conversion of the substrate was reached after 5-6 days of reaction. THOA was not further metabolized by strain ALA2. This is the first report of a 12,13,17-trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid and its production by microbial transformation. Some dihydroxy intermediates were also detected. THOA has a structure similar to those of known plant self-defense substances. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Hou, C T AU - Brown, W AU - Labeda, D P AU - Abbott, T P AU - Weisleder, D AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS/USDA, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 34 EP - 38 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(z)-octadecenoic acid KW - fatty acids KW - linoleic acid KW - lipids KW - trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16316807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+production+of+a+novel+trihydroxy+unsaturated+fatty+acid+from+linoleic+acid&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T%3BBrown%2C+W%3BLabeda%2C+D+P%3BAbbott%2C+T+P%3BWeisleder%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ascochyta fabae and A. lentis: Host specificity, teleomorphs (Didymella), hybrid analysis, and taxonomic status AN - 16315473; 4254952 AB - Isolates of Ascochyta fabae from faba bean (Vicia faba) and A. lentis from lentil (Lens culinaris) collected from different countries were used in this study. The Didymella teleomorph (sexual state) of each fungus was induced to develop and mature on inoculated sterile lentil stems. Both fungi were heterothallic, with two mating types, designated MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. When certain isolates of A. fabae and A. lentis were crossed, hybrid pseudothecia developed. Growth, sporulation, colony appearance, morphology, and pathogenicity of the hybrid progeny frequently differed greatly from the parent isolates. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. fabae caused disease in faba bean but not in lentil; inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. lentis incited disease in lentil but not in faba bean. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from crosses between faba bean and lentil isolates did not induce disease in either host. Asci from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis mostly contained fewer than eight ascospores that were, on average, larger than those from eight-spored asci. Matings among certain isolates of A. fabae resulted in production of pseudothecia with ascospores considerably larger than is typical for D. fabae. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of Ascochyta isolates from faba bean and lentil are clearly different, and banding patterns from hybrid progeny from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis confirmed hybridity. RAPD markers proved useful in supporting identifications of ascospore isolates from faba bean to known Ascochyta species. Dendrogram analysis indicated similarity between the two fungal species was low. The pathogenicity tests, morphological characteristics, and RAPD markers indicate that A. fabae and A. lentis represent distinct taxa. D. lentis, with its anamorph, A. lentis, is proposed as a new species that is distinct from D. fabae, with its anamorph, A. fabae. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Wang, B-C AU - Rogers, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 809 EP - 816 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - host specificity KW - taxonomy KW - teleomorphs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Ascochyta+fabae+and+A.+lentis%3A+Host+specificity%2C+teleomorphs+%28Didymella%29%2C+hybrid+analysis%2C+and+taxonomic+status&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BWang%2C+B-C%3BRogers%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of endophytic infection by Fusarium moniliforme on corn growth and cellular morphology AN - 16313738; 4249157 AB - Kernels of corn, Zea mays, were inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme to analyze seedling growth and development during endophytic, symptomless infection. In planta F. moniliforme distribution and seedling growth, expressed as shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and dry weight, were examined weekly for 28 days after planting. Even though no visible disease symptoms developed, F. moniliforme was isolated from most segments taken from seedlings grown from inoculated, but not noninoculated, kernels from the earliest to the latest sampling. F. moniliforme did not alter the rate or percentage of kernel germination, but seedlings grown from inoculated kernels had suppressed shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and plant weight 7 days after planting. However, seedling growth from inoculated kernels was similar to or greater than that from noninoculated kernels at 28 days. Histological modifications in seedlings grown from inoculated kernels included accelerated lignin deposition in shoots and modified chloroplast orientation in leaves. In summary, gross morphology and histology were altered in corn seedlings during symptomless, endophytic infection by F. moniliforme. JF - Plant Disease AU - Yates, I E AU - Bacon, C W AU - Hinton, D M AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 723 EP - 728 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - endophytes KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effects+of+endophytic+infection+by+Fusarium+moniliforme+on+corn+growth+and+cellular+morphology&rft.au=Yates%2C+I+E%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BHinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of biosolids applications on heavy metal bioavailability in agricultural soils AN - 16280152; 4265543 AB - Concerns exist over the long-term availability of trace metals in biosolids-amended soils. The objective of this study was to quantify extractable forms of trace metals in biosolids-amended, continuously cultivated soils after cessation of sewage sludge applications and to determine their bioavailability to romaine lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.). Trace metals in surface soils from two biosolids-amended sites were speciated into increasingly stable chemical fractions using a series of sequential extractions that were operationally defined as exchangeable (Exch), specifically adsorbed (SA), Fe-Mn oxide and acid replaceable (Ox/AR), residual organic (R-Org), and residual inorganic (R-In). Romaine lettuce was grown on the soils to determine heavy metal bioavailability. In control and biosolids-amended soils, 60 to 75% of Cd was found in the more easily extracted Exch and SA forms, but the percentage was significantly greater in the biosolids-amended soils. Biosolids applications also increased the percentages of Ni and Zn in the Exch and SA fractions. Biosolids applications had little effect on the Exch and SA fractions of Cr and Pb. Greater than 75% of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were found in the relatively stable Ox/AR, R-Org, and R-In fractions of control and biosolids-amended soils. Concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Zn in aboveground lettuce tissue, and to a lesser extent, Cu and Cr, were significantly increased by biosolids applications, but Pb uptake was not affected. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sloan, J J AU - Dowdy, R H AU - Dolan AU - Linden AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit and Dep. Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. Minnesota, 439 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 966 EP - 974 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+biosolids+applications+on+heavy+metal+bioavailability+in+agricultural+soils&rft.au=Sloan%2C+J+J%3BDowdy%2C+R+H%3BDolan%3BLinden&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=966&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall frequency and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from soil amended with poultry litter AN - 16272694; 4268349 AB - Repeated land application of manure has enriched runoff N and P in some areas. Here, more restrictive manure management guidelines may be adopted. The main factors affecting N and P runoff from land receiving manure include the rate, method, and timing of application. Of these factors, least information is available on timing; thus, the effect of rainfall frequency and timing (7-35 d at 2.54 cm h super(-1)) after poultry litter application (incorporated into surface 5 cm of soil at 10 Mg ha super(-1); i.e., 380 kg N and 160 kg P ha super(-1)) on N and P concentrations in runoff was investigated for 10 Oklahoma soils. Runoff N and P concentrations decreased with 10 successive rains, starting 7 d after litter application. Although the decrease in N concentration was independent of soil type, decreases in dissolved (DP) and bioavailable P (BAP) were related to percent saturation of soil P sorption sites (r super(2) of 0.97 and 0.62, respectively). Increasing the time between litter application and rainfall from 1 to 35 d reduced total N from 7.54 to 2.34, ammonium-N (NH sub(4)-N) 5.53 to 0.11, DP 0.74 to 0.45, and BAP 0.99 to 0.65 mg L super(-1), by leaching and volatilization of N and sorption of P. Nitrate-N (NO sub(3)-N) concentrations were unaffected by rainfall frequency and timing. Runoff N and P may be reduced by avoiding litter applications during periods of high rainfall probabilities, with these reductions greater for high than low P sorbing soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Manage. Res. Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1127 EP - 1132 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16272694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Rainfall+frequency+and+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+runoff+from+soil+amended+with+poultry+litter&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption and stability of arsenic(III) at the clay mineral-water interface AN - 16260711; 4238074 AB - Adsorption and oxidation reactions of arsenite (As(III)) at the mineral-water interface are two important factors affecting the fate and transport of arsenic in the environment. Numerous studies have concluded that As(III) is more soluble and mobile than arsenate (As(V)) in soils, though very little experimental work has demonstrated the differences in reactivity and stability of As(III) and As(V) at the mineral-water interface. In this investigation, As(III) adsorption on kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide (am-Al(OH) sub(3)) was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength and was compared with As(V) adsorption. High-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HPLC-HGAAS) was employed for direct determination of As(III) and As(V). In addition, surface complexation modeling was used to describe As(III) and As(V) adsorption on the four minerals. It was revealed that alkaline solutions (pH > 9) without mineral solids caused homogeneous oxidation of As(III) to As(V). In addition, recovery of adsorbed As from As(III)-treated clay mineral solids showed that oxidation of As(III) to As(V) was enhanced by heterogeneous oxidation on kaolinite and illite surfaces. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Manning, BA AU - Goldberg, S AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2005 EP - 2011 VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Clay minerals KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Stability analysis KW - Interfaces KW - Freshwater KW - Clays KW - Arsenic KW - Clay KW - Experimental data KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Comparison studies KW - Sediment-water interface KW - Oxidation KW - Adsorption KW - Minerals KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Adsorption+and+stability+of+arsenic%28III%29+at+the+clay+mineral-water+interface&rft.au=Manning%2C+BA%3BGoldberg%2C+S&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clay minerals; Sediment-water interface; Arsenic; Hydrogen ion concentration; Experimental data; Interfaces; Oxidation; Adsorption; Minerals; Clays; Clay; Fate of pollutants; Stability analysis; Comparison studies; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV band fluorescence (in vivo) and its implications for the remote assessment of nitrogen supply in vegetation AN - 16260396; 4240545 AB - When excited at 280 nm, intact vegetation produced two overlapping broadband fluorescence emissions; the first centered near 335 nm [ultraviolet (UV) band], and the second centered near 440 nm (blue band). Separation of these two fluorescence bands was achieved by an iterative nonlinear curve fit procedure utilizing the asymmetric double sigmoidal spectral function. The subsequent ratio of the deconvoluted curve intensities exhibited a significant relation between protein concentration and fluorescence. UV band fluorescence from vegetation treated with varying levels of nitrogen fertilization decreased relative to the blue fluorescence as a function of protein levels. These studies indicate that in vivo UV band fluorescence can be utilized as a nondestructive tool to remotely sense variations in protein concentration due to nitrogen supply. Strong similarities were noted in the UV band fluorescence characteristics of intact vegetation to both membrane-bound and soluble plant proteins containing aromatic amino acids. Pure ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in aqueous solution exhibited UV fluorescence characteristics with excitation and emission distributions similar to those of intact vegetation. Because of its high concentration (up to 70% of the soluble leaf proteins), we believe this protein contributes to the UV band fluorescence emanating from the intact leaf. In addition, similar fluorescence characteristics were observed for two other prominent enzymatic plant proteins; namely, adenosine 5'-tri-phosphatase and carboxylase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. These results indicate that UV band fluorescence emanating from the intact leaf could originate from several plant proteins that contain aromatic amino acids. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Corp, LA AU - McMurtrey, JE AU - Chappelle, E W AU - Daughtry, CST AU - Kim, Moon S AD - USDA-ARS-BARC-WEST, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 120c, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 110 EP - 117 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - U.V. radiation KW - fluorescence KW - nitrogen KW - remote sensing KW - vegetation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=UV+band+fluorescence+%28in+vivo%29+and+its+implications+for+the+remote+assessment+of+nitrogen+supply+in+vegetation&rft.au=Corp%2C+LA%3BMcMurtrey%2C+JE%3BChappelle%2C+E+W%3BDaughtry%2C+CST%3BKim%2C+Moon+S&rft.aulast=Corp&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of reflectance anisotropy and canopy structure using a simple empirical model AN - 16251559; 4240544 AB - The coefficients of a simple three-term model describing the bidirectional reflectance of vegetation canopies as a function of leaf area index (LAI) were examined for potential information retrievable from bidirectional reflectance measurements. Simulations of principal plane spectral reflectances (0.5-0.6 mu m, 0.6-0.7 mu m, 0.7-0.8 mu m, and 0.8-1.1 mu m), for vegetated canopies with LAI values ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 under solar zenith angles of 20, 30, and 45 degrees, were generated with the use of a one-dimensional radiative transfer model. The simulated reflectances were then fit with a simple model by using a least squares procedure. Plots of the resulting coefficients with LAI showed that the degree of curvature of the simulated principal plane reflectances, as represented by one of the coefficients, and the coefficient expressing interaction of view zenith angle and view azimuth angle were both related to LAI. This relation holds in all four spectral bands, including the 0.7-0.8 mu m band, despite a lack of relation between the constant coefficient (which is closely related to the nadir value) and LAI. Examination of the coefficients relating to solar zenith angle revealed a dependence on LAI. The coefficient for view zenith angle, or a related quantity, is suggested as a candidate for a bidirectional index that may be useful within the context of satellite-based vegetation classification and characterization schemes. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Walthall, CL AD - USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., 008 Bldg. 007, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 118 EP - 128 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - canopies KW - leaf area KW - models KW - reflectance KW - remote sensing KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=A+study+of+reflectance+anisotropy+and+canopy+structure+using+a+simple+empirical+model&rft.au=Walthall%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Walthall&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A soil core method for estimating n-mineralization and denitrification during cover crop decomposition AN - 16249881; 4233714 AB - A soil core method is described for monitoring rates and extent of N-mineralization and denitrification from intact leguminous cover crops (e.g., hairy vetch) as a function of soil water content. The method also allows for estimates of N-fixation in order to perform N-mass balances. Field conditions were simulated by growing cover crops in soil cores from seed to biomass levels comparable to the field, followed by harvest/kill. Soil cores were wetted periodically using a rain simulator. After simulated rain events, samples of leachate were obtained and soil water content adjusted by application of a vacuum (15 kPa) to the bottom of cores. The use of a PVC/silica filter (bubble point = 30 kPa) allowed for cores to be drained to field capacity without pulling ambient air through the soil. N-fixation (before harvest/kill) and N-mineralization (after harvest/kill) were determined by comparing NO super(-) sub(3) leached from vetch with fallow cores. Denitrification was determined by periodically sealing cores, injecting and recirculating acetylene throughout cores, and quantifying N sub(2)O production after 48 h. Preliminary experiments with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) indicate that plants are reasonably efficient at taking up soil NO super(-) sub(3), intact roots decompose fairly rapidly in soil (<6 weeks), and there is potential for substantial losses of soil NO super(-) sub(3) as a result of denitrification at soil water contents greater than or equal to 70%. JF - Soil Science AU - Shelton AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - McCarty, G W AU - Isensee, A R AD - Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Natural Resources Institute, Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 510 EP - 517 VL - 162 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - biomass KW - denitrification KW - mineralization KW - nitrogen KW - nitrogen fixiation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=A+soil+core+method+for+estimating+n-mineralization+and+denitrification+during+cover+crop+decomposition&rft.au=Shelton%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BIsensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile, potential attractants from ripe coffee fruit for female Mediterranean fruit fly AN - 16244026; 4226702 AB - Twenty-eight volatile compounds from freshly crushed, ripe, dark red coffee fruit, Coffea arabica, were identified by dynamic headspace analysis techniques. Identifications were made on the basis of a comparison of Kovats indices and GC-MS spectra for unknowns and authentic samples. Of the compounds identified, 10 were alcohols, nine were aldehydes, five were ketones, and four were monoterpenes. The five most abundant volatiles in decreasing order were hexanal (21%), 2-(E)-hexenal (11%), 3-methyl-1-butanol (9.0%), 3-methyl-1-butanal (8.5%), and 1-hexanol (8.4%). The five least abundant volatiles of the 28 identified, in increasing order, were decanal (0.19%), methyl hexanoate (0.33%), pulegone (0.44%), alpha -isomenthone (0.45%), and 2-nonanone (0.55%). In preliminary tests, many of the identified volatiles attracted more female Mediterranean fruit flies than the control. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Warthen, J D AU - Lee, C-J AU - Jang, E B AU - Lance AU - McInnis, DO AD - USDA, ARS, Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1891 EP - 1900 VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 2-hexenal KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - attractants KW - coffee KW - females KW - hexanal KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18063:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatile%2C+potential+attractants+from+ripe+coffee+fruit+for+female+Mediterranean+fruit+fly&rft.au=Warthen%2C+J+D%3BLee%2C+C-J%3BJang%2C+E+B%3BLance%3BMcInnis%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Warthen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are bacteria omnipresent on Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall? AN - 16235808; 4220752 AB - Cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were examined for the presence of bacteria as previously described (F. Seigle-Murandi, P. Guiraud, C. Falsen, and K.-E. Eriksson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2477-2481, 996). Under no conditions could bacteria be isolated from cultures of P. chrysosporium. With PCR primers corresponding to small-subunit rRNA genes, no bacterium-like product could be amplified from cultures of the widely used P. chrysosporium strain BKM-F-1767. Thus, we could find no evidence of bacteria in association with P. chrysosporium BKM-F-1767. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Janse, BJH AU - Gaskell, J AU - Cullen, D AU - Zapanta, L AU - Dougherty, MJ AU - Tien, M AD - USDA Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2913 EP - 2914 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bacteria KW - biodegradation KW - genes KW - lignin KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - rRNA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - K 03093:Viruses & bacteria of microorganisms KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16235808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Are+bacteria+omnipresent+on+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+Burdsall%3F&rft.au=Janse%2C+BJH%3BGaskell%2C+J%3BCullen%2C+D%3BZapanta%2C+L%3BDougherty%2C+MJ%3BTien%2C+M&rft.aulast=Janse&rft.aufirst=BJH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage and cover crop effects on cyanazine adsorption and desorption kinetics AN - 16227749; 4219670 AB - Accumulation of partially decomposed plant residues under no-tillage (NT) and cover crop management systems can affect herbicide fate in the soil. This study evaluated adsorption and desorption of cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpro panenitrile} in soils and herbicide-killed Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) residues collected from a long-term conventional tillage (CT) and NT cotton field. The four cotton production systems included were CT and NT, each with and without ryegrass as a cover crop. Adsorption was determined by reacting 0.5 g of soil or ryegrass residue with 8 mL of super(14)C-cyanazine solution (five concentrations: 0.13 to 15.68 mu mol L super(-1)) for 48 h. The Freundlich K sub(f) values were higher in NT than in CT soils and higher in soils from ryegrass cover crop than in soils from no cover crop. The K sub(f) was higher in ryegrass residue (13.33) than in soils (1.77 to 2.94). The N values for soils (>0.90) and ryegrass residue (>0.95) indicated nearly linear adsorption. Time-course adsorption data analyzed by an equilibrium/kinetic model indicated that adsorption was rapid initially (within 1 h), followed by a slow increase in CT and NT soils from ryegrass plots. In contrast, adsorption achieved equilibrium within 48 h of reaction time in ryegrass residue. Cyanazine adsorption increased with increased decomposition of plant residues. The K sub(f) for ryegrass residues sampled at 5 weeks after cotton planting was 17% higher than the residues sampled at 3 weeks before planting. The CaCl sub(2)-desorbable cyanazine in two consecutive 24-h cycles ranged from 77 to 88% in soils and from 46 to 47% of that adsorbed in ryegrass residues. Two additional 24-h desorptions with methanol removed most of the remaining cyanazine. Under field conditions, the plant residues on the soil surface in NT and cover crop systems can apparently intercept and temporarily retain cyanazine. JF - Soil Science AU - Reddy, K N AU - Locke, MA AU - Gaston, LA AD - Southern Weed Sci. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 501 EP - 509 VL - 162 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - cyanazine KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Tillage+and+cover+crop+effects+on+cyanazine+adsorption+and+desorption+kinetics&rft.au=Reddy%2C+K+N%3BLocke%2C+MA%3BGaston%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating crop residue decomposition coefficients using substrate-induced respiration AN - 16223133; 4218492 AB - Modeling of crop residue decomposition for nutrient cycling and effectiveness of residues to control soil erosion requires information on crop-specific decomposition coefficients (k). Respiration of decomposing residues reflects the activity of the microbial community and should give an indication of the residue decomposition rate. A method for estimating k using substrate-induced respiration (SIR) of plant residues was evaluated. Basal respiration, total SIR, fungal SIR and bacterial SIR were measured for five crop residues monthly for 1 y. In general, total SIR and basal respiration declined for the more decomposable residues, but were somewhat constant for the more resistant residues. Mass loss was used to determine k for a single exponential decay function. Prediction of k from SIR using an equation proposed by Neely et al. (1991) (Soil Biology & Biochemistry 23, 947-954) was unsatisfactory for the five crops. A new equation (k = -6.07 x 10 super(-4) + 6.23 x 10 super(-6) x SIR) was determined using the data of Neely et al. (1991) and data from the current study. Prediction of k using the 60-day SIR measurement was significantly improved with the new equation. Predicting k from SIR could greatly reduce the labor and time involved in evaluating decomposition differences between residues and locations. JF - Soil Biology & Biochemistry AU - Schomberg, H H AU - Steiner, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, 1420 Experiment Station Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30606, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1089 EP - 1097 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - bacteria KW - biodegradation KW - crop residues KW - decomposition KW - fungi KW - nutrient cycles KW - respiration KW - soil microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16223133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+%26+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Estimating+crop+residue+decomposition+coefficients+using+substrate-induced+respiration&rft.au=Schomberg%2C+H+H%3BSteiner%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Schomberg&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+%26+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of pasture drought severity using canopy red-to-far-red radiance AN - 16218067; 4275352 AB - Reliable methods for quantifying the impact of drought on pasture leaf canopies in humid, temperate regions are not available. This study was conducted to determine the utility of the red-to-far-red ratio of canopy radiance for estimating the evapotranspiration (ET) rate of water-limited pasture during drought. The hypothesis that the relationship between the ET and the red-to-far-red ratio of radiance is not linear was evaluated. The ET and spectral radiance were measured for orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) growing in large monolith weighing lysimeters at Kearneysville, WV. Drought was imposed using rain-exclusion shelters during periods of predicted rainfall. During the study period, the ET decreased to 0.14 and 0.23 of the potential rates for orchardgrass and tall rescue respectively. The process by which the canopies of the two grass species senesced in response to severe drought differed. Despite this difference, a single non-linear relationship effectively estimated the ET for both grass species from the red-to-far-red ratio of canopy radiance under midday sunlight. This relationship may be a useful tool for developing improved pasture management strategies and for hydrologic assessment in regions dominated by pasture. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Feldhake, C M AU - Glenn, D M AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Appalachian Soil and Water Conserv. Res. Lab., PO Box 400, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 81 EP - 86 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - drought severity KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16218067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+pasture+drought+severity+using+canopy+red-to-far-red+radiance&rft.au=Feldhake%2C+C+M%3BGlenn%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Feldhake&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition and dynamics of Spitler Woods, an old-growth remnant forest in Illinois (USA) AN - 16119525; 4210380 AB - Trees and coarse woody debris were inventoried in a 65-ha mesic old-growth forest located on Big Creek in Macon County, Illinois. Based on data from thirty 0.1-ha circular plots, trees greater than or equal to 2 cm dbh had an average density of 1,266 trees ha super(-1), basal area of 30.4 m super(2) ha super(-1), and stocking of 102%. Sugar maple and white oak had the highest importance values. The size distribution of tree diameters for all species was characterized by a negative exponential shape. However, the size distribution of oaks, which currently dominate classes larger than 30 cm, was unimodal with peaks at 50 to 60 cm. Oaks appear to be declining in dominance as sugar maple increases, a trend further confirmed by analyzing crown class by species. The average volume of down wood greater than or equal to 10 cm in diameter was 81.2 m super(3) ha super(-1). According to Government Land Office records, the southern half of Spitler Woods was apparently open in the 1820s. No current significant differences in density or basal area between northern and southern plots were found, but coarse woody debris was higher on the southern plots. Observed values at Spitler Woods were generally within the range of those reported for other old-growth tracts in Illinois. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Roovers, L M AU - Shifley AD - North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1-26 Agric. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 219 EP - 232 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - species composition KW - size distribution KW - USA, Illinois KW - old growth KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Composition+and+dynamics+of+Spitler+Woods%2C+an+old-growth+remnant+forest+in+Illinois+%28USA%29&rft.au=Roovers%2C+L+M%3BShifley&rft.aulast=Roovers&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Illinois; forests; old growth; size distribution; species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks. 2. In situ vs ex situ AN - 16112662; 4207146 AB - An important question in the conservation of potato germ plasm is whether germ plasm in the gene bank, although stable, still represents the in situ populations from which it was collected, sometimes many decades ago. The answer would direct objective decisions regarding the value of re-collections and in situ preservation. The present study was undertaken as a project of the Association of Potato Inter-gene-bank Collaborators (APIC). It measured genetic differentiation between potato germ plasm maintained in the US gene bank for many years and current in situ populations re-collected from the same original sites in the wild. Solanum jamesii and Solanum fendleri from the United States were used as representatives of potato germ plasm. Re-collections were carried out in 1992 at the same locations at which gene bank-conserved accessions had been collected in 1958 and 1978. RAPD markers revealed significant genetic differences between gene bank-conserved and re-collected in situ populations for all seven comparisons of S. jamesii (diploid outcrosser), and 12 of 16 comparisons within S. fendleri (tetraploid inbreeder). The average genetic similarities were 65.2% for S. jamesii and 80.4% for S. fendleri. Possible explanations and consequences of these unexpectedly large differences are discussed. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Del Rio, AH AU - Bamberg, J B AU - Huaman, Z AU - Salas, A AU - Vega, SE AD - USDA/Agric. Res. Serv., Vegetable Crops Res. Unit, Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Stn., 4312 Hwy. 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 95 IS - 1-2 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - gene banks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Solanum jamesii KW - genetic diversity KW - Solanum fendleri KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Assessing+changes+in+the+genetic+diversity+of+potato+gene+banks.+2.+In+situ+vs+ex+situ&rft.au=Del+Rio%2C+AH%3BBamberg%2C+J+B%3BHuaman%2C+Z%3BSalas%2C+A%3BVega%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Del+Rio&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - random amplified polymorphic DNA; genetic diversity; Solanum jamesii; Solanum fendleri ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks. 1. Effects of seed increase AN - 16112225; 4207147 AB - Effects of gene bank seed-increases on the genetic integrity of potato germ plasm is a major concern of gene bank managers. Thus the Association of Potato Inter-gene-bank Collaborators (APIC), a consortium of world potato gene bank leaders, initiated this joint research project using RAPD markers to determine genetic relationships between increased generations within accessions. Solanum jamesii (2n = 2x = 24) and S. fendleri (2n = 4x = 48), two wild potato species native to North America, were used as plant material. These species represented two major breeding systems found among Solanum species: out-crossing diploids and inbreeding disomic tetraploids, respectively. Comparisons were made between populations one generation apart and between sister populations generated from a common source. Fourteen such comparisons within S. jamesii accessions had an average similarity of 96.3%, and 21 such comparisons within S. fendleri accessions had an average similarity of 96.0%. No pairs of populations were significantly different, despite the fact that RAPD markers easily separated all of these very similar accessions within their respective species. Only one of six S. jamesii accessions analyzed showed a significant change in gene frequencies among generations. These findings indicate that there has been minimal loss or change of genetic diversity in ex situ germplasm using the gene bank techniques standard at NRSP-6 and other world potato gene banks. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Del Rio, AH AU - Bamberg, J B AU - Huaman, Z AD - USDA/Agric. Res. Serv., Vegetable Crops Res. Unit, Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Stn., 4312 Hwy. 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 191 EP - 198 VL - 95 IS - 1-2 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - gene banks KW - seeds KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - genetic diversity KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Assessing+changes+in+the+genetic+diversity+of+potato+gene+banks.+1.+Effects+of+seed+increase&rft.au=Del+Rio%2C+AH%3BBamberg%2C+J+B%3BHuaman%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Del+Rio&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - random amplified polymorphic DNA; genetic diversity; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens are antimicrobial AN - 16108358; 4210783 AB - Some inactive precursor proteins, or zymogens, contain small, amino terminus, homopolymeric regions of Asp that neutralize the cationic charge of the active protein during synthesis. After posttranslational cleavage, the anionic propeptide fragment may exhibit antimicrobial activity. To demonstrate this, ovine trypsinogen activation peptide, and frog (Xenopus laevis) PYL activation peptide, both containing homopolymeric regions of Asp, were synthesized and tested against previously described surfactant-associated anionic peptide. Peptides inhibited the growth of both gram-negative (MIC, 0.08 to 3.00 mM) and gram-positive (MIC, 0.94 to 2.67 mM) bacteria. Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens form a new class of host-derived antimicrobial peptides important in innate defense. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Brogden, KA AU - Ackermann, M AU - Huttner, K M AD - Respir. and Neurologic Dis. Res. Unit, USDA, ARS, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Rd., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1615 EP - 1617 VL - 41 IS - 7 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - African clawed frog KW - PYL activation peptide KW - antibacterial agents KW - antimicrobial agents KW - defence mechanisms KW - ovine trypsinogen activation peptide KW - zymogens KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antibodies KW - Freshwater KW - hormones KW - Xenopus laevis KW - immunology KW - peptides KW - proteins KW - Q1 08326:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q4 27380:Pharmaceuticals KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Small%2C+anionic%2C+and+charge-neutralizing+propeptide+fragments+of+zymogens+are+antimicrobial&rft.au=Brogden%2C+KA%3BAckermann%2C+M%3BHuttner%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Brogden&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - defence mechanisms; immunology; antibodies; peptides; proteins; hormones; antibacterial agents; antimicrobial agents; Xenopus laevis; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standing crop and animal consumption of fungal sporocarps in Pacific Northwest forests AN - 16106148; 4204844 AB - Although fungal fruiting bodies are a common food supplement for many forest animals and an important dietary staple for several small mammals, changes in their abundance and consumption with forest succession or disturbance have not been quantified. Above- and belowground fungal fruiting bodies (epigeous and hypogeous sporocarps) were sampled for 46 mo in managed-young, natural-mature, and old-growth western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) stands in Washington State. Screen exclosures were placed over the surface of half of the sample plots to prevent aboveground predation of sporocarps. Standing crop of epigeous sporocarps was low in most seasons and then increased 30-fold to a mean of 2.28 kg/ha in the fall. Epigeous biomass varied little between stand types, and animal consumption of these sporocarps was low. Standing crop of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.78 kg/ha in managed-young stands, compared to 4.51 and 4.02 kg/ha in natural-mature and old-growth stands. In all stands, standing crop peaked in the summer and was lowest in the winter. Mean animal consumption of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.64 kg/ha, a value that exceeded the available standing crop quantity of 0.36 kg/ha in managed-young stands during the winter. In natural-mature and old-growth stands, truffle biomass remained high year-round and exceeded consumption in all seasons. Low hypogeous sporocarp biomass in the managed-young stands resulted from the general absence of large clusters of Elaphomyces granulatus, which made up >90% of the biomass in older stands. This absence in managed-young stands may be associated with the thin organic layer that has developed following harvest and burning 60 yr ago. The consistent level of animal consumption indicates that truffles may be an important and readily available year-round food source, compared to the ephemeral fruiting of epigeous sporocarps. Changes in forest composition and age due to natural disturbance or human management influence fungal sporocarp productivity and diversity and, consequently, affect food availability for animals dependent on hypogeous sporocarps. JF - Ecology AU - North, M AU - Trappe, J AU - Franklin, J AD - Forest. Sci. Lab., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1543 EP - 1554 VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Mammals KW - Elaphomyces granulatus KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Washington KW - Mammalia KW - mycophagy KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Standing+crop+and+animal+consumption+of+fungal+sporocarps+in+Pacific+Northwest+forests&rft.au=North%2C+M%3BTrappe%2C+J%3BFranklin%2C+J&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; USA, Washington; mycophagy; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogeny and classification of bacteria in the genera Clavibacter and Rathayibacter on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses AN - 16101715; 4203248 AB - A phylogenetic analysis by parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences (16S rDNA) revealed that species and subspecies of Clavibacter and Rathayibacter form a discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to Corynebacterium species. Within the Clavibacter-Rathayibacter clade, four major phylogenetic groups (subclades) with a total of 10 distinct taxa were recognized: (I) species C. michiganensis; (II) species C. xyli; (III) species R. iranicus and R. tritici; and (IV) species R. rathayi. The first three groups form a monophyletic cluster, paraphyletic to R. rathayi. On the basis of the phylogeny inferred, reclassification of members of Clavibacter-Rathayibacter group is proposed. A system for classification of taxa in Clavibacter and Rathayibacter was developed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences. The groups delineated on the basis of RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA coincided well with the subclades delineated on the basis of phylogeny. In contrast to previous classification systems, which are based primarily on phenotypic properties and are laborious, the RFLP analyses allow for rapid differentiation among species and subspecies in the two genera. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Bartoszyk, I M AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2631 EP - 2636 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Clavibacter KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - phylogeny KW - genes KW - Rathayibacter KW - taxonomy KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16101715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+and+classification+of+bacteria+in+the+genera+Clavibacter+and+Rathayibacter+on+the+basis+of+16S+rRNA+gene+sequence+analyses&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BBartoszyk%2C+I+M%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rathayibacter; genes; phylogeny; taxonomy; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) population dynamics and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 16100212; 4207311 AB - A model (LYMESIM) was developed for computer simulation of blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, population dynamics and transmission of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner. LYMESIM simulates the effects of ambient temperature, saturation deficit, precipitation, habitat type, and host type and density on tick populations. Epidemiological parameters including host infectivity, tick infectivity, transovarial transmission, and transstadial transmission are included in the model to simulate transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete between vector ticks and vertebrate hosts. Validity, of LYMESIM was established by comparing simulated and observed populations of immature I. scapularis on white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, (Rafinesque) at 2 locations in Massachusetts. Validity also was indicated by comparisons of simulated and observed seasonality of blacklegged ticks in New York, Massachusetts, Florida, and Oklahoma-Arkansas. Further model validity was shown by correlation between simulated and observed numbers of immature ticks engorging on white-footed mice at 3 sites in Massachusetts. The model produced acceptable values for initial population growth rate, generation time, and 20-yr population density when historical meteorological data for 16 locations in eastern North America were used. Realistic rates of infection in ticks were produced for locations in the northeastern and northcentral United States. LYMESIM was used to study the effect of white-footed mouse and white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), densities on tick density and infection rates. The model was also used to estimate tick density thresholds for maintenance of B. burgdorferi. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Mount, G A AU - Haile, D G AU - Daniels, E AD - Med. and Veterinary Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 461 EP - 484 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Lyme disease KW - disease transmission KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - models KW - Acari KW - population dynamics KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+blacklegged+tick+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+population+dynamics+and+transmission+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Mount%2C+G+A%3BHaile%2C+D+G%3BDaniels%2C+E&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acari; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; disease transmission; population dynamics; Lyme disease; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff curve number: Has it reached maturity? AN - 16100088; 4206676 AB - The discusser fully concurs with the author's contention that the runoff curve number (CN) method has reached maturity if maturity can be measured by acceptability and worldwide usage. However, the application of the CN number to urban basins must be done with a great deal of care, considerably more than now used by most public and private engineering organizations. Two areas where the discusser has observed problems in using the CN method by engineering organizations are subsequently discussed. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Golding, B L AD - ARS-USDA, AERC Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 145 EP - 148 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - CN KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - mathematical models KW - stormwater runoff KW - urban areas KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - river basins KW - Freshwater KW - evaluation KW - urban runoff KW - runoff KW - basins KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Runoff+curve+number%3A+Has+it+reached+maturity%3F&rft.au=Golding%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; river basins; urban runoff; runoff; basins; stormwater runoff; evaluation; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; urban areas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nested PCR for ultrasensitive detection of the potato ring rot bacterium, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus AN - 16098082; 4203247 AB - Oligonucleotide primers derived from sequences of the 16S rRNA gene (CMR16F1, CMR16R1, CMR16F2, and CMR16R2) and insertion element IS1121 of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (CMSIF1, CMSIR1, CMSIF2, and CMISR2) were used in nested PCR to detect the potato ring rot bacterium C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Nested PCR with primer pair CMSIF1-CMSIR1 followed by primer pair CMSIF2-CMSIR2 specifically detected C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, while nested PCR with CMR16F1-CMR16R1 followed by CMR16F2-CMR16R2 detected C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and the other C. michiganensis subspecies. In the latter case, C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus can be differentiated from the other subspecies by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of the nested PCR products (16S rDNA sequences). The nested PCR assays developed in this work allow ultrasensitive detection of very low titers of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus which may be present in symptomless potato plants or tubers and which cannot be readily detected by direct PCR (single PCR amplification). RFLP analysis of PCR products provides for an unambiguous confirmation of the identity of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Bartoszyk, I M AU - Gundersen, DE AU - Mogen, B AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2625 EP - 2630 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ring rot KW - Clavibacter michiganensis KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nested+PCR+for+ultrasensitive+detection+of+the+potato+ring+rot+bacterium%2C+Clavibacter+michiganensis+subsp.+sepedonicus&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BBartoszyk%2C+I+M%3BGundersen%2C+DE%3BMogen%2C+B%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clavibacter michiganensis; Solanum tuberosum; polymerase chain reaction; ring rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte proliferative responses of goats vaccinated with Brucella melitensis 16M or a Delta purE201 strain AN - 16079850; 4112307 AB - The response to a Brucella melitensis purEK deletion mutant, Delta purE201 (referred to as strain 201), was compared with the response to its parental strain, 16M, in juvenile goats. Proliferative responses to gamma -irradiated bacteria were detected earlier in strain 201-infected goats. Lymphocytes from strain 16M- or 201-infected goats proliferated in response to one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated proteins of similar mass isolated from strain 16M or Brucella abortus RB51. Data from this study suggest that some antigens stimulating cell-mediated responses are conserved among Brucella species, as 201- and 16M-infected goats recognized similar proteins expressed by RB51 and 16M. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AU - Stevens, M G AU - Houng, H H AU - Drazek, E S AU - Hadfield, T L AU - Warren, R L AU - Hoover, D L AD - USDA, ARS, NADC, Zoonotic Dis. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2987 EP - 2991 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - goats KW - brucellosis KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lymphocytes KW - immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Brucella melitensis KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16079850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+proliferative+responses+of+goats+vaccinated+with+Brucella+melitensis+16M+or+a+Delta+purE201+strain&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F%3BStevens%2C+M+G%3BHoung%2C+H+H%3BDrazek%2C+E+S%3BHadfield%2C+T+L%3BWarren%2C+R+L%3BHoover%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella melitensis; vaccination; immune response (cell-mediated); lymphocytes; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of supercooling points in the overwintering of the horn fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) AN - 16068097; 4105422 AB - Supercooling points were determined for eggs, 3rd instars, pupae, newly emerged unfed adults and 3-d-old engorged laboratory reared adults of Haematobia irritans (L.) and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Wild nondiapausing and diapausing pupae of H. irritans also were tested. Mean supercooling points ranged from -28.0 degree C for H. irritans eggs to -6.8 degree C for H. irritans larvae. Mean supercooling points of all H. irritans developmental stages were lower than those of comparable S. calcitrans developmental stages, with the exception of larvae where the reverse was true. The mean supercooling point of diapausing H. irritans pupae (-23.5 degree C) was significantly lower than those of nondiapausing laboratory pupae (-20.8 degree C) or nondiapausing wild pupae (-20.2 degree C). Developmental stages of both species were freeze intolerant, with no survival following exposures to temperatures below the supercooling points. Results are discussed with respect to the disparate overwintering strategies of these species and in relation to typical climatic minima experienced in south central Texas. The cold tolerance of H. irritans and S. calcitrans pupae was compared at 4 degree C, a temperature below their developmental threshold of 11.5 degree C and above their mean supercooling points. The survival of H. irritans pupae was significantly greater than the survival of S. calcitrans pupae. Cold injury was a significant mortality factor for both species. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jones AU - Kunz, SE AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 426 EP - 429 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - Horn fly KW - Stable fly KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - supercooling KW - Stomoxys calcitrans KW - life cycle KW - overwintering KW - temperature tolerance KW - Haematobia irritans KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05177:Water, temperature & ionic regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16068097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Importance+of+supercooling+points+in+the+overwintering+of+the+horn+fly+and+stable+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29&rft.au=Jones%3BKunz%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haematobia irritans; Stomoxys calcitrans; supercooling; overwintering; life cycle; temperature tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of Aphthona nigriscutis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the laboratory AN - 16067159; 4105420 AB - The flea beetle Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras was introduced to Canada in 1983 and the United States in 1989 for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. Life history data for A. nigriscutis are described based on laboratory studies using infect populations from Barnes County, North Dakota, and Fallon County, Montana. Initial emergence of males and females from spring soil samples was synchronized, but complete emergence for males preceded that of females. For the Barnes County population, approximately 80% of the adults were female. When adults were held as mated pairs at 25 degree C and a photoperiod of 14: 10 (L:D) h, male longevity was longer than that of the female with a median longevity of 221 and 124 d, respectively. Oviposition started approximately 10 d after female emergence and proceeded at a rate of 4 eggs per day over an average oviposition period of 109 d. Oviposition averaged 537 eggs per female with a range of 103-1,157. Eggs from the Fallon County population started to hatch within 10 d after oviposition when eggs were held at 25 degree C. Egg hatch averaged near 60% and occurred over a period of approximately 8 d. Life history data for A. nigriscutis were similar to other univoltine Aphthona spp., except A. nigriscutis had a female-biased sex ratio, greater male longevity, and higher female oviposition. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Jackson, J J AD - Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 433 EP - 437 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Aphthona nigriscutis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - life history KW - oviposition KW - longevity KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Aphthona+nigriscutis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+in+the+laboratory&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; life history; oviposition; longevity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical characterization of pectate lyases produced by fluorescent pseudomonads associated with spoilage of fresh fruits and vegetables AN - 16047190; 4098881 AB - An improved method for purification of pectate lyases (PLI and PLII) from culture fluids of Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 and Ps. viridiflava PJ-08-6 by using a phosphocellulose cation exchanger was described. Analysis of purified PLI and PLII by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis revealed that both enzymes had been purified to near homogeneity. Optimal Ca super(2+) concentration required for PLI and PLII activity was determined to be 0.5 mmol/l. The Ca super(2+) requirement could not be replaced by other metal cations such as Mg super(2+), Cu super(2+), Zn super(2+), Fe super(3+) and Co super(2+). Optimal pH for activity was determined to be between 8.5 and 9.0. The K sub(m) values for sodium polygalacturonate were 1.28 and 1.11 mg/ml for PLI and PLII, respectively. Both PLI and PLII were stable at low temperatures (25 degree C or below) for at least 1 month. However, at 37 degree C, the activity decreased 50% in 36 h. Optimal temperatures for activity were estimated to be 46 degree and 52 degree C for PLI and PLII, respectively. Thermal stability of both enzymes at elevated temperatures (48 degree C or higher) increased when CaCl sub(2) or a positively charged molecule such as polylysine was present, but decreased when polygalacturonate or a negatively charged molecule such as heparin was present. PLI and PLII exhibit differential degrees of sensitivity to group-specific inhibitors, including iodoacetic acid and diethylpyrocarbonate. This result suggests that both sulphydryl and imidazole groups are important for the catalytic function of PLI and PLII. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Liao, C-H AU - Sullivan, J AU - Grady, J AU - Wong, L-JC AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 10 EP - 16 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - pectate lyase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - rot KW - food spoilage KW - biochemistry KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - Pseudomonas viridiflava KW - storage KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16047190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biochemical+characterization+of+pectate+lyases+produced+by+fluorescent+pseudomonads+associated+with+spoilage+of+fresh+fruits+and+vegetables&rft.au=Liao%2C+C-H%3BSullivan%2C+J%3BGrady%2C+J%3BWong%2C+L-JC&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C-H&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas viridiflava; biochemistry; food spoilage; rot; storage; fruits; vegetables ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term species and structural changes after cleaning young even-aged northern hardwoods in New Hampshire, USA AN - 16037446; 4089204 AB - The effects of four cleaning practices (including a control) on species composition and structural characteristics were studied over a 31-year period following treatment of an even-aged 25-year-old northern-hardwood stand that originated after complete clearcutting in 1933-1935. The treatments consisted of: a heavy and a light crop tree cleaning; a drastic species-cleaning treatment that removed nearly all pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.f.), aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and grandidentata Michx.), striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) sprout clumps followed by a crop-tree cleaning; and an uncut control. There were no significant differences among treatments in species and structural characteristics in the 56-year-old stand at the end of the study period, except for the presence of a moderate aspen component in the light cleaning and the control. Although previous research shows that cleaning treatments in young northern hardwoods may have silvicultural and economic benefits, the impact of such treatments on long-term stand development is relatively minor. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Leak, W B AU - Smith, M-L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 11 EP - 20 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - species composition KW - community structure KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Long-term+species+and+structural+changes+after+cleaning+young+even-aged+northern+hardwoods+in+New+Hampshire%2C+USA&rft.au=Leak%2C+W+B%3BSmith%2C+M-L&rft.aulast=Leak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire; forests; species composition; community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A relative-flux-correction scheme for analyzing three dimensional data of a tile-drained agricultural plot AN - 16032858; 4096399 AB - The use of simple geostatistical tools is often constrained by data trend (nonstationarity) to characterize the spatial variability of soil properties in the subsurface environment influenced by any site-specific feature(s). Adaptive approaches, such as site-specific robust-resistant schemes, median polishing, trend analysis, etc., are thus used to preprocess the spatial data before analyzing for their spatial structures. Soil water nitrate-nitrogen (NO sub(3)-N) concentration (mg l super(-1)) and soil moisture content (cm) data collected jointly from 175 sites arranged on a 5 x 7 x 5 three-dimensional (3-D) grid network of 7.6 m x 7.6 m x 0.3 m spacings in a tile-drained agricultural plot were analyzed for their three-dimensional spatial distribution and for possible coregionalization. We propose a physical process-based correction scheme to preprocess the nonstationary spatial data of soil NO sub(3)-N concentration and soil moisture content. Using the subsurface-drain flow phenomenon, we developed a relative-Darcy-flux-based correction scheme to remove any tile drainage-induced nonstationarity in the spatial data of soil NO sub(3)-N concentration and soil moisture content prior to conducting the spatial analysis in the 3-D soil volume. 3-D composite semivariograms of relative-flux-corrected NO sub(3)-N concentration and relative-flux-corrected moisture content showed anisotropic linear structures in three principal directions. Linear models characterized by steep slopes were found in the directions perpendicular to tile line as opposed to nugget models found in the direction parallel to the tile line. Good spatial correlation between the relative-flux-corrected NO sub(3)-N concentration and relative-flux-corrected soil moisture content and their anisotropic linear semivariograms produced anisotropic linear cross semivariograms in 3-D. The 3-D composite cross semivariogram will be useful in predicting the more expensive variable, (relative-flux-corrected) soil water NO sub(3)-N concentration, at unsampled locations in the soil profile with a cheaper surrogate, the measured (relative-flux-corrected) soil moisture content. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Kanwar, R S AD - US Salinity Lab. USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 107 EP - 125 VL - 194 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - semivariograms KW - path of pollutants KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - subsurface drainage KW - spatial distribution KW - tile drains KW - moisture content KW - agriculture KW - nitrates KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=A+relative-flux-correction+scheme+for+analyzing+three+dimensional+data+of+a+tile-drained+agricultural+plot&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BKanwar%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - moisture content; soil water; nitrates; tile drains; spatial distribution; subsurface drainage; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream water and soil solution responses to 5 years of nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia AN - 16022851; 4089210 AB - To examine the effects of elevated N and S inputs on a central hardwood forest, a whole-watershed acidification experiment was initiated in 1989 on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Annual experimental additions of 40 kg S ha-1 year-1 and 35 kg N ha-1 year-1 as ammonium sulfate fertilizer were applied to a 34 ha watershed with a 25-year-old stand of central Appalachian hardwoods. An adjacent watershed served as the control. After 5 years of treatment (total additions of 275 kg S ha-1 and 220 kg N ha-1), stream water NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentrations and export increased. Soil solution concentrations provide evidence that the treatment watershed is nitrogen-saturated, which was unexpected for such a young stand. No statistically significant changes in annual SO42- export were observed, but peak stream water concentrations of SO42- did increase during the treatment period. Changes in soil solution chemistry suggest that the treated watershed also may be approaching SO42- saturation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Adams, M B AU - Angradi, T R AU - Kochenderfer, J N AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 79 EP - 91 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - stream pollution KW - soil solution KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - calcium KW - watersheds KW - air pollution KW - geochemistry KW - forests KW - nitrogen compounds KW - sulfates KW - nitrates KW - acidification KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16022851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Stream+water+and+soil+solution+responses+to+5+years+of+nitrogen+and+sulfur+additions+at+the+Fernow+Experimental+Forest%2C+West+Virginia&rft.au=Adams%2C+M+B%3BAngradi%2C+T+R%3BKochenderfer%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen compounds; air pollution; calcium; nitrates; sulfates; forests; watersheds; acidification; stream pollution; soil solution; geochemistry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineered resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in transgenic peanut expressing the viral nucleocapsid gene AN - 16018517; 4091476 AB - The nucleocapsid gene of tomato spotted wilt virus Hawaiian L isolate in a sense orientation, and the GUS and NPTII marker genes, were introduced into peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. New Mexico Valencia A) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Modifications to a previously defined transformation protocol reduced the time required for production of transformed peanut plants. Transgenes were stably integrated into the peanut genome and transmitted to progeny. RNA expression and production of nucleocapsid protein in transgenic peanut were observed. Progeny of transgenic peanut plants expressing the nucleocapsid gene showed a 10- to 15-day delay in symptom development after mechanical inoculations with the donor isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus. All transgenic plants were protected from systemic tomato spotted wilt virus infection. Inoculated non-transformed control plants and plants transformed with a gene cassette not containing the nucleocapsid gene became systemically infected and displayed typical tomato spotted wilt virus symptoms. These results demonstrate that protection against tomato spotted wilt virus can be achieved in transgenic peanut plants by expression of the sense RNA of the tomato spotted wilt virus nucleocapsid gene. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Li, Zhijian AU - Jarret, R L AU - Demski, J W AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Genetic Resour., 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA 30223, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 297 EP - 305 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - disease resistance KW - Agrobacterium KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - transgenic plants KW - nucleocapsids KW - tomato spotted wilt virus KW - transformation KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=Engineered+resistance+to+tomato+spotted+wilt+virus+in+transgenic+peanut+expressing+the+viral+nucleocapsid+gene&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhijian%3BJarret%2C+R+L%3BDemski%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zhijian&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; transgenic plants; nucleocapsids; transformation; Arachis hypogaea; Agrobacterium; tomato spotted wilt virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ribotyping to distinguish Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates AN - 16018387; 4091042 AB - A total of 113 Bordetella bronchiseptica strains, isolated from 11 different host species worldwide, were characterized by ribotyping with restriction enzyme PvuII. Sixteen distinct ribotypes were identified, and each ribotype contained five to seven restriction fragments ranging in size from 1.8 to 5.6 kb. Approximately 88% of the swine isolates were identified as ribotype 3 strains. Isolates from dogs also displayed little variation; 74.1% were found to be ribotype 4 strains. Strains obtained from the remaining nine host species belonged to 15 different ribotypes. There was no association between geographic location and ribotype. The technique which we used may be useful for epidemiologic studies in which the transmission of B. bronchiseptica, both within and between species, is investigated. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Register, K B AU - Boisvert, A AU - Ackermann, M R AD - Swine Respir. Dis. Project, USDA ARS Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 678 EP - 683 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - ribotyping KW - deoxyribonuclease PvuII KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - typing KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Use+of+ribotyping+to+distinguish+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+isolates&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BBoisvert%2C+A%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=678&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; typing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abnormal lignin in a loblolly pine mutant AN - 15968323; 4069990 AB - Novel lignin is formed in a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) severely depleted in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.195), which converts coniferaldehyde to coniferyl alcohol, the primary lignin precursor in pines. Dihydroconiferyl alcohol, a monomer not normally associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway, is the major component of the mutant's lignin, accounting for similar to 30 percent (versus similar to 3 percent in normal pine) of the units. The level of aldehydes, including new 2-methoxybenzaldehydes, is also increased. The mutant pines grew normally indicating that, even within a species, extensive variations in lignin composition need not disrupt the essential functions of lignin. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Ralph, J AU - MacKay, J J AU - Hatfield, R D AU - O'Malley, D M AU - Whetten, R W AU - Sederoff, R R AD - US Dairy Forage Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 1925 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706-1108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 235 EP - 239 VL - 277 IS - 5323 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - lignin KW - cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase KW - dihydroconiferyl alcohol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - G 07350:Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15968323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Abnormal+lignin+in+a+loblolly+pine+mutant&rft.au=Ralph%2C+J%3BMacKay%2C+J+J%3BHatfield%2C+R+D%3BO%27Malley%2C+D+M%3BWhetten%2C+R+W%3BSederoff%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=5323&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental hazard of selenium in the Animals La Plata water development project. AN - 79120682; 9212340 AB - A hazard assessment of selenium was conducted for the Animas La Plata Project, a multiple-use water development proposed for Colorado and New Mexico by the United States Bureau of Reclamation. A published protocol for aquatic hazard assessment of selenium was applied to environmental monitoring data to assess current threats to biota in the water supply rivers (Animas, La Plata, and Mancos Rivers). Hazard evaluation were also made for two proposed reservoirs (Ridges Basin and Southern Ute Reservoirs) based on estimated concentrations of selenium. The assessment protocol indicated moderate hazard in the Animas and La Plata Rivers, and high hazard in the Mancos River and both of the proposed reservoirs. These ratings indicate that the risk of selenium poisoning in fish and aquatic birds is substantial. Moreover, the geology and climate of this site make it prone to irrigation-induced selenium contamination of water and biota. The water supplies already contain dangerously high concentrations of selenium that may increase further due to agricultural irrigation drainage. The stage is set for significant environmental problems unless a development scenario can be devised that will effectively reduce ecological risks. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 92 EP - 96 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Fishes KW - New Mexico KW - Invertebrates KW - Birds KW - Colorado KW - Risk Assessment KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79120682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Environmental+hazard+of+selenium+in+the+Animals+La+Plata+water+development+project.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoremediation of soil metals. AN - 79091570; 9206007 AB - The phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils offers a low-cost method for soil remediation and some extracted metals may be recycled for value. Both the phytoextraction of metals and the phytovolatilization of Se or Hg by plants offer great promise for commercial development. Natural metal hyperaccumulator phenotype is much more important than high-yield ability when using plants to remove metals from contaminated soils. The hypertolerance of metals is the key plant characteristic required for hyperaccumulation; vacuolar compartmentalization appears to be the source of hypertolerance of natural hyperaccumulator plants. Alternatively, soil Pb and Cr6+ may be inactivated in the soil by plants and soil amendments (phytostabilization). Little molecular understanding of plant activities critical to phytoremediation has been achieved, but recent progress in characterizing Fe, Cd and Zn uptake by Arabidopsis and yeast mutants indicates strategies for developing transgenic improved phytoremediation cultivars for commercial use. JF - Current opinion in biotechnology AU - Chaney, R L AU - Malik, M AU - Li, Y M AU - Brown, S L AU - Brewer, E P AU - Angle, J S AU - Baker, A J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center West, MD 20705, USA. rchaney@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - Metalloproteins KW - Metals KW - Plant Proteins KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Metallothionein KW - 9038-94-2 KW - Phytochelatins KW - 98726-08-0 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Chelating Agents -- metabolism KW - Metallothionein -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Biological Transport, Active KW - Metalloproteins -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Genes, Plant KW - Metalloproteins -- metabolism KW - Biotechnology KW - Metallothionein -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plants -- genetics KW - Metals -- isolation & purification KW - Metals -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79091570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Phytoremediation+of+soil+metals.&rft.au=Chaney%2C+R+L%3BMalik%2C+M%3BLi%2C+Y+M%3BBrown%2C+S+L%3BBrewer%2C+E+P%3BAngle%2C+J+S%3BBaker%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of betaine on the growth performance of chicks inoculated with mixed cultures of avian Eimeria species and on invasion and development of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina in vitro and in vivo. AN - 79056685; 9181611 AB - At 7 d postinoculation (DPI) with a mixed culture of avian Eimeria species, 21-d-old chicks maintained in batteries and floor pens on a diet containing 0.15% (3 lb/ton) betaine plus 66 ppm (60 g/ton) salinomycin were significantly heavier and had significantly lower feed conversion ratios and mortality than chicks fed diets containing 0.15% betaine or 66 ppm salinomycin alone, or the control diet. At 31 DPI, when the chicks were 45 d old, the differences between the diet groups were not as great as at 7 DPI. In vitro, except at high concentrations, betaine was nontoxic to sporozoites of Eimeria tenella or Eimeria acervulina and had little effect on their invasion and development in cultured cells. In vivo, invasion by E. tenella and E. acervulina sporozoites was significantly reduced in all chicks fed diets containing betaine or salinomycin compared with that in control chicks. There was a significant interaction between betaine and salinomycin that impacted on invasion by both species. Overall development of E. tenella did not appear to be adversely affected by addition of betaine to diets containing salinomycin. Conversely, development of E. acervulina was reduced in chicks fed diets containing 0.075% (1.5 lb/ton) betaine plus 66 ppm salinomycin as compared with that in chicks fed salinomycin alone. JF - Poultry science AU - Augustine, P C AU - McNaughton, J L AU - Virtanen, E AU - Rosi, L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 802 EP - 809 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Coccidiostats KW - 0 KW - Lipotropic Agents KW - Pyrans KW - Betaine KW - 3SCV180C9W KW - salinomycin KW - 62UXS86T64 KW - Index Medicus KW - Coccidiostats -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Pyrans -- pharmacology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Intestines -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Random Allocation KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- parasitology KW - Coccidiostats -- therapeutic use KW - Intestines -- parasitology KW - Pyrans -- therapeutic use KW - Cells, Cultured KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Coccidiosis -- drug therapy KW - Coccidiosis -- physiopathology KW - Chickens -- parasitology KW - Betaine -- pharmacology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Eimeria tenella -- physiology KW - Coccidiosis -- veterinary KW - Lipotropic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Poultry Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Poultry Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Eimeria tenella -- drug effects KW - Eimeria -- drug effects KW - Eimeria -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79056685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+betaine+on+the+growth+performance+of+chicks+inoculated+with+mixed+cultures+of+avian+Eimeria+species+and+on+invasion+and+development+of+Eimeria+tenella+and+Eimeria+acervulina+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.&rft.au=Augustine%2C+P+C%3BMcNaughton%2C+J+L%3BVirtanen%2C+E%3BRosi%2C+L&rft.aulast=Augustine&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=802&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Poult Sci 1997 Nov;76(11):1623 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Types of salt structures in the Peri-Caspian Depression AN - 52506326; 1999-024469 AB - The structure of a unique salt-dome province--the Peri-Caspian saliferous basin--is discussed. A direct relationship between the structural features of the saliferous sequence and the nature of post-Kungurian tectonic movements is demonstrated. Spatial distribution of various types of salt structures is outlined, and their classification is given. Based on the performed studies, the evolution of the salt-bearing Peri-Caspian basin is reconstructed. JF - Geotectonics AU - Volozh, Yu A AU - Volchegurskii, L F AU - Groshev, V G AU - Shishkina, T Yu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 204 EP - 217 PB - MAIK Nauka/ Interperiodica Publishing, Birmingham, AL VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0016-8521, 0016-8521 KW - salt tectonics KW - geophysical surveys KW - salt domes KW - common-depth-point method KW - geophysical methods KW - reflection methods KW - paleogeography KW - Central Asia KW - seismic methods KW - Caspian Depression KW - velocity structure KW - surveys KW - tectonics KW - reconstruction KW - Asia KW - crust KW - 16:Structural geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52506326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geotectonics&rft.atitle=Types+of+salt+structures+in+the+Peri-Caspian+Depression&rft.au=Volozh%2C+Yu+A%3BVolchegurskii%2C+L+F%3BGroshev%2C+V+G%3BShishkina%2C+T+Yu&rft.aulast=Volozh&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geotectonics&rft.issn=00168521&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.maik.rssi.ru/cgi-bin/journal.pl?name=geoteng&page=main LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - AL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. charts, strat. cols. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEOTBK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; Caspian Depression; Central Asia; common-depth-point method; crust; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; paleogeography; reconstruction; reflection methods; salt domes; salt tectonics; seismic methods; surveys; tectonics; velocity structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field procedures for the headcut erodibility index AN - 52459233; 1999-048601 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Moore, John S Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 563 EP - 574 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - soil mechanics KW - shear strength KW - stream transport KW - erosion KW - grain size KW - water erosion KW - mathematical models KW - deformation KW - weathering KW - preventive measures KW - cohesive materials KW - dams KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52459233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Field+procedures+for+the+headcut+erodibility+index&rft.au=Moore%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - 12 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cohesive materials; dams; deformation; erodibility; erosion; grain size; granulometry; mathematical models; preventive measures; shear strength; soil erosion; soil mechanics; soils; stream transport; water erosion; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration of time domain reflectometry technique using undisturbed soil samples from humid tropical soils of volcanic origin AN - 50166066; 1997-069111 AB - Time domain reflectrometry (TDR) is used to measure the apparent dielectric number (K (sub a) ) in soils. We studied two soil types (Humitropept and Hapludand) of low bulk density (about 0.7 Mg m (super -3) at 0.05 m to 0.8 Mg m (super -3) at 0.3 m depth) and high organic matter content (about 7% at 0.05 m to 4% at 0.3 m depth). Soils are located in a humid tropical environment (average annual soil water content is 0.51 to 0.58 m (super 3) m (super -3) ). For calibration, undisturbed soil blocks, with a TDR probe installed in the center, were saturated and then allowed to dry by evaporation. Volumetric water content was calculated from measured K (sub a) values and from gravimetric measurements. Because we used undisturbed soil samples, our calibration accounts for the natural heterogeneity in soils. We tested the suitability of various calibration functions relating K (sub a) to soil water content for our soils. TDR technique underestimated the actual soil water content by 0.05-0.15 m (super 3) m (super -3) , when using the widely applied Topp calibration function. A three-phase mixing model with a geometry parameter, alpha = 0.47, fit our data best. We consider mixing models to be a robust approach for calibration of TDR technique on various soils. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Weitz, A M AU - Grauel, W T AU - Keller, M AU - Veldkamp, E Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 1241 EP - 1249 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - tropical environment KW - soils KW - Humitropepts KW - terrestrial environment KW - La Selva Costa Rica KW - Costa Rica KW - humid environment KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - unsaturated zone KW - calibration KW - Hapludands KW - water regimes KW - Central America KW - time domain reflectometry KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50166066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Calibration+of+time+domain+reflectometry+technique+using+undisturbed+soil+samples+from+humid+tropical+soils+of+volcanic+origin&rft.au=Weitz%2C+A+M%3BGrauel%2C+W+T%3BKeller%2C+M%3BVeldkamp%2C+E&rft.aulast=Weitz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F96WR03956 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - calibration; Central America; Costa Rica; electrical methods; geophysical methods; Hapludands; humid environment; Humitropepts; La Selva Costa Rica; soils; terrestrial environment; time domain reflectometry; tropical environment; unsaturated zone; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96WR03956 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal root endophytes in fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens, on arid rangelands of southwestern USA AN - 17196651; 4480327 AB - This research was conducted to determine the nature and incidence of fungal root endophytes on fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Root cortex cells of fourwing saltbush in arid rangelands of the southwestern United States were analyzed and found to be regularly colonized with three types of endophytic fungi: septate, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), and Chytridiomycetes. Septate fungi were 2.7 times more prevalent than VAM and formed intimate non-pathogenic associations characterized by inter- and intracellular hyphae, coils, microsclerotia, and occasional labyrinthine or "Hartig net" structures similar to those affiliated with ectendomy-corrhizae. External hyphae formed intimate associations with soil and sand particles. Typically, VAM were characterized by hyphae, vesicles, and (at times) coils. VAM were 2.2 times more prevalent than chytrids. Chytrids were rather common and were expressed as resting and active sporangia found within root cortex cells. The widespread occurrence of these non-destructive fungal associations with plants implies that they have an important role in plant survival in arid environments. JF - Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation AU - Barrow, J R AU - Havstad, K M AU - McCaslin, B D AD - USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, Box 30003, NMSU, Dept. 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0890-3069, 0890-3069 KW - USA, Southwest KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Endophytes KW - Fungi KW - Arid environments KW - Roots KW - Atriplex canescens KW - Species composition KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17196651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arid+Soil+Research+and+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Fungal+root+endophytes+in+fourwing+saltbush%2C+Atriplex+canescens%2C+on+arid+rangelands+of+southwestern+USA&rft.au=Barrow%2C+J+R%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BMcCaslin%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arid+Soil+Research+and+Rehabilitation&rft.issn=08903069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atriplex canescens; Fungi; Arid environments; Endophytes; Species composition; Roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction Analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Toxins with Two Aminopeptidases from Gypsy Moth Midgut Brush Border Membranes AN - 16557076; 4376679 AB - A 100 kDa aminopeptidase N isolated from Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larval midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) has previously been reported to function as a surface binding protein for the entomocidal protein toxin Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis. Fractionation of detergent-solubilized, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-digested BBMV membrane proteins by ion-exchange chromatography revealed two distinct peaks of aminopeptidase activity from which two proteins, APN-1 and APN-2, were purified. Western blot immunoanalysis revealed that the previously reported 100 kDa APN (APN-1 in this study) was antigenically distinct from the newly identified 105 kDa APN-2. Both ligand blots and Cry1Ac-Sepharose affinity chromatography revealed that only APN-1 was able to bind Cry1Ac. The narrow specificity and kinetic binding characteristics of APN-1 for Cry1Ac were determined using a surface plasmon resonance-based optical biosensor. APN-1 from the gypsy moth possessed a single Cry1Ac toxin-binding site and did not interact with either Cry1Aa or Cry1Ab. The association and dissociation rate constants of Cry1Ac and APN-1 were determined to be 7.2 x 10 super(4) Ms super(-1) and 2.3 x 10 super(-3) s super(-1), respectively, with an apparent affinity constant of 3.2 x 10 super(-8) M. Toxin binding to APN-1 was directly inhibited with N-acetylgalactosamine, suggesting that this aminosugar forms an integral part of the binding site. The absence of recognition of all Cry toxins by APN-2 suggests that either APN-2 recognizes an untested subclass of Cry toxins, or alternatively, not all APN molecules in larval midguts serve to function as toxin-binding proteins. JF - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AU - Valaitis AU - Mazza, A AU - Brousseau, R AU - Masson, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA, /s=a.valaitis/ou=s24105a@mhs-fswa.attmail.com Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 529 EP - 539 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - Cry1A protein KW - aminopeptidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Brush border membranes KW - Pathogenicity KW - Midgut KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16557076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Interaction+Analyses+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+Cry1A+Toxins+with+Two+Aminopeptidases+from+Gypsy+Moth+Midgut+Brush+Border+Membranes&rft.au=Valaitis%3BMazza%2C+A%3BBrousseau%2C+R%3BMasson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Valaitis&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Lymantria dispar; Biological control; Pathogenicity; Enzymatic activity; Brush border membranes; Midgut ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RAPD analysis of somaclonal variants derived from embryo callus cultures of peach AN - 16470423; 4336642 AB - Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] regenerants from cv 'Sunhigh' embryo no. 156, regenerants obtained from cv 'Redhaven' embryo no. 30, and two peach cultivars 'Sunhigh' and 'Redhaven', were screened for polymorphic RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers with up to 60 10-mer primers. Although 35 primers produced results with scoreable bands, only 10 of the primers revealed polymorphism for regenerants of embryo no. 156 and cv 'Sunhigh', and 1 revealed a low level of polymorphism for regenerants of embryo no. 30 and cv 'Redhaven'. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using RAPD markers to identify somaclonal variants of peach and provides evidence for the existence of genetic differences among these variants. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Hashmi, G AU - Huettel, R AU - Meyer, R AU - Krusberg, L AU - Hammerschlag, V AD - Plant Molecular Biology, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 624 EP - 627 VL - 16 IS - 9 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Peach KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16470423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=RAPD+analysis+of+somaclonal+variants+derived+from+embryo+callus+cultures+of+peach&rft.au=Hashmi%2C+G%3BHuettel%2C+R%3BMeyer%2C+R%3BKrusberg%2C+L%3BHammerschlag%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hashmi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extrafloral nectar, honeydew, and sucrose effects on searching behavior and efficiency of Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in cotton AN - 16457188; 4349258 AB - The influence of extrafloral nectar, sucrose, or whitefly honeydew on host- and food-searching behavior of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) females was investigated. Retention time, parasitization rate, time allocation to host damaged leaves and time interval between subsequent host attacks were compared in different cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., patch treatments containing Heliocoverpa zea (Boddie) hosts. Parasitoids that were starved for 2 d before release to patches with either sucrose or extrafloral nectar showed longer retention times and higher rates of parasitization than those not able to feed. The presence of food in the patch increased the time allocated to damaged leaves, but did not reduce the time interval between host attacks. Parasitoids that fed in patches with honeydew showed a similar performance to parasitoids in patches without any food, probably as a result of the relatively low quantity and quality of this food source for M. croceipes. The initial and subsequent detectability of different food sources was also investigated. More parasitoids found extrafloral nectar than sucrose in a first release. However, in a subsequent release, nectar and sucrose were found equally fast. Therefore, parasitoids showed an innate attraction to extrafloral nectar, whereas learning may have influenced orientation to sucrose. The importance and use of cotton extrafloral nectar as food source for adult parasitoids and the means of using extrafloral nectar as part of a pest management strategy in biological control are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Stapel, JO AU - Cortesero, A M AU - De Moraes, CM AU - Tumlinson, J H AU - Lewis, W J AD - Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 617 EP - 623 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Bollworm KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Corn earworm KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Underwings KW - honeydew KW - host searching behavior KW - nectar KW - sucrose KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16457188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Extrafloral+nectar%2C+honeydew%2C+and+sucrose+effects+on+searching+behavior+and+efficiency+of+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+in+cotton&rft.au=Stapel%2C+JO%3BCortesero%2C+A+M%3BDe+Moraes%2C+CM%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Stapel&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) to volatiles from avian fecal material AN - 16454309; 4349253 AB - Flight tunnel bioassays confirmed attraction of female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), to volatiles from aqueous solutions of avian fecal material and methanol extracts of avian fecal material. Attraction was highest to freshly prepared and 72-h-old solutions of crude material. In direct comparisons between aqueous solutions of crude material and weight-equivalent amounts of methanol extract, more females were captured in response to volatiles from crude material in tests of 0-, 24- and 72-h-old solutions. Ammonia release rate was greater from the crude material than from the methanol extract in tests of 0-, 24- and 48-h-old solutions, The greatest amount ( plus or minus sd) of ammonia was released from freshly prepared aqueous solutions of crude material (777 plus or minus 250 mu g/h from 75 mg of crude material) but dropped within 24 h (288 plus or minus 96 mu g/h from 75 mg of crude material) and then stayed close to that level. The greatest amount of ammonia released from methanol extracts was obtained from freshly prepared solutions (229 plus or minus 70 mu g/h from 75 mg crude material weight equivalent), also dropped within 24 h (98 plus or minus 12 mu g/h from 75 mg crude material weight equivalent) and then stayed fairly constant. Numbers of flies captured by either solution were directly correlated with ammonia release within the first 48 h of testing only, indicating that ammonia was partially or wholly responsible for attraction to the crude material during the first 48 h of testing. An increase in capture of females by volatiles from avian fecal material after 72 h in aqueous solution, which was observed in all tests, indicates that some chemical(s), other than ammonia, remain to be identified that are involved in fruit fly attraction. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Epsky, N D AU - Dueben, B D AU - Heath, R R AU - Lauzon, C R AU - Prokopy, R J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 270 EP - 277 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Aves KW - Birds KW - Caribbean fruit fly KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - attraction KW - feces KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16454309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+Anastrepha+suspensa+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+volatiles+from+avian+fecal+material&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BDueben%2C+B+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BLauzon%2C+C+R%3BProkopy%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storm water discharge regulations affecting the eastern forest products industry AN - 16436084; 4339357 AB - Storm water runoff or discharge is a major source of water pollution. In an effort to reduce this pollution, the Federal Clean Water Act was amended in 1987 to establish a compressive framework for the development of state and federal storm discharge permits. This paper 1) examines the evolution, costs, and requirements of these permits for wood products industries; 2) contrasts specific permit requirements for sawmills versus chromium copper arsenic treating facilities in the Eastern United States; and 3) examines how forest industry trade associations have reacted to the implementation of these regulations. The analysis is based on permits and other documentation obtained for state and federal agencies. These items were analyzed using an identical set of questions. Examination of the resulting data found considerable variation in permit cost and requirements. While some states have extremely low-cost permitting processes, other states have expensive processes. Further, there was considerable variation in monitoring requirements between states. The variations in monitoring requirements appear to be the result of different priorities and varying levels of human and financial resources and the continual evolution of federal regulations. Industry associations have worked with governmental agencies in establishing permit requirements but have been frustrated with the confusion and uncertainty that occurred during the development of federal guidelines. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Luppold, W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Expt. Sta., 241 Mercer Springs Rd., Princeton, WV 24740, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 32 EP - 38 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - State regulations KW - Freshwater KW - Pollution legislation KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Economics KW - Permits KW - Industrial pollution KW - Forestry KW - Marine KW - Federal regulations KW - Forest industry KW - Lumber industry KW - Brackish KW - Wood KW - USA, East KW - Environmental legislation KW - Clean Water Act KW - Legislation KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16436084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.atitle=Storm+water+discharge+regulations+affecting+the+eastern+forest+products+industry&rft.au=Luppold%2C+W&rft.aulast=Luppold&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.issn=00157473&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Forest industry; Economics; Wood; Permits; Environmental legislation; Pollution legislation; Legislation; Pollution control; Federal regulations; State regulations; Lumber industry; Clean Water Act; Industrial pollution; Forestry; USA, East; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from apple roots and orchard soils AN - 16344863; 4266293 AB - Rhizoctonia spp. were isolated from the roots of apple trees and associated soil collected in orchards located near Moxee, Quincy, East Wenatchee, and Wenatchee, WA. The anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from apple were determined by hyphal anastomosis with tester strains on 2% water agar and, where warranted, sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and restriction analysis of an amplified fragment from the 28S ribosomal RNA gene were used to corroborate these identifications. The dominant AG of R. solani isolated from the Moxee and East Wenatchee orchards were AG 5 and AG 6, respectively. Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. were recovered from apple roots at three of four orchards surveyed and included isolates of AG-A, -G, -I, -J, and -Q. In artificial inoculations, isolates of R. solani AG 5 and AG 6 caused extensive root rot and death of 2- to 20-week-old apple transplants, providing evidence that isolates of R. solani AG 6 can be highly virulent and do not merely exist as saprophytes. The effect of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. on growth of apple seedlings was isolate-dependent and ranged from growth enhancement to severe root rot. R. solani AG 5 and AG 6 were isolated from stunted trees, but not healthy trees, in an orchard near Moxee, WA, that exhibited severe symptoms of apple replant disease, suggesting that R. solani may have a role in this disease complex. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 582 EP - 587 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - orchards KW - roots KW - soil KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16344863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+pathogenicity+of+Rhizoctonia+spp.+isolated+from+apple+roots+and+orchard+soils&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic embryogenesis from cultured epicotyls and primary leaves of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] AN - 16336069; 4264317 AB - Regeneration of several varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] by somatic embryogenesis from cultured epicotyls and primary leaves has been demonstrated. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from epicotyls and primary leaves when cotyledon halves with the intact zygotic embryo axes were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 mg l super(-1) (45.2 mu M) 2,4-D. Stable, continuously proliferating globular embryo cultures (GEC) were established from small groups of somatic embryos on MS medium supplemented with 20 mg l super(-1) (90.5 mu M) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Rapid multiplication of shoot tips from germinating somatic embryos was achieved on Cheng's basal medium (CBO) containing 2.5 mg l super(-1) (11.3 mu M) 6-benzyladenine. Fertile plants were obtained from individual somatic embryos and in vitro propagated adventitious shoot bud cultures. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Rajasekaran, K AU - Pellow, J W AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 88 EP - 91 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - embryo cells KW - leaves KW - somatic embryogenesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16336069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Somatic+embryogenesis+from+cultured+epicotyls+and+primary+leaves+of+soybean+%5BGlycine+max+%28L.%29+Merrill%5D&rft.au=Rajasekaran%2C+K%3BPellow%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Rajasekaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of wind on the dispersal of oospores of Peronosclerospora sorghi from sorghum AN - 16315694; 4256646 AB - The effect of wind on the dispersal of oospores of Peronosclerospora sorghi, cause of sorghum downy mildew (SDM) is described. The oospores are produced within the leaves of aging, systemically infected sorghum plants. These leaves typically undergo shredding, releasing oospores into the air. Oospores are produced in large numbers (6 super(.)1 x 10 super(3) cm super(-2) of systemically infected leaf) and an estimate of the settling velocity of single oospores (0 super(.)0437 m s super(-1)) of P. sorghi indicated their suitability for wind dispersal. In wind tunnel studies wind speeds as low as 2 m s super(-1) dispersed up to 665 oospores per m super(3) air from a group of leaves previously exposed to wind and displaying symptoms of leaf shredding. The number of oospores dispersed increased exponentially with increasing wind speed. At 6 m s super(-1), up to 12 890 oospores per m super(3) air were dispersed. Gusts increased oospore dispersal. A constant wind speed of 3 m s super(-1) dispersed a mean of 416 oospores per m super(3). When gusts were applied the mean was 15 592 oospores per m super(3). In field experiments in Zimbabwe, oospores were sampled downwind from infected plants in the field and at a height of 3 super(.)8 m above ground level immediately downwind of an infected crop. These data indicate that wind could play a major role in the dispersal of oospores from infected plants in areas where SDM infects sorghum, perhaps dispersing oospores over long distances. JF - Plant Pathology AU - Bock, CH AU - Jeger, MJ AU - Fitt, BDL AU - Sherington, J AD - USDA/ARS/SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 439 EP - 449 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0862, 0032-0862 KW - disease transmission KW - downy mildew KW - oospores KW - wind KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+wind+on+the+dispersal+of+oospores+of+Peronosclerospora+sorghi+from+sorghum&rft.au=Bock%2C+CH%3BJeger%2C+MJ%3BFitt%2C+BDL%3BSherington%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=00320862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic properties from multiple tension disc infiltrometer data AN - 16310413; 4248093 AB - In a previous study, we showed that the cumulative infiltration rate measured with a tension disc infiltrometer at one particular tension does not provide enough information to estimate van Genuchten's soil-hydraulic parameters by numerical inversion of the Richards equation. In this paper we analyze the possibility of using cumulative infiltration rates obtained at several consecutive tensions for the purpose of estimating soil hydraulic parameters. We also investigate whether additional, easily obtainable information improves identifiability of the unknown parameters. The study is carried out using numerically generated data. The uniqueness problem was analyzed by studying the behavior of response surfaces in the optimized parameter planes. Our parameter estimation procedure combines the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear parameter optimization method with a quasi three-dimensional numerical model, HYDRUS-2D, which solves the variably-saturated flow equation. We found that the combination of multiple tension cumulative infiltration data with measured values of the initial and final water contents yielded unique solutions of the inverse problem for the unknown parameters. JF - Soil Science AU - Simuanek, J AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA, ARS, 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 383 EP - 398 VL - 162 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - unsaturated soils KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Estimating+unsaturated+soil+hydraulic+properties+from+multiple+tension+disc+infiltrometer+data&rft.au=Simuanek%2C+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Simuanek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculum density and expression of major gene resistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine AN - 16283148; 4292017 AB - Inoculum densities of 25 x 10 super(3) to 200 x 10 super(3) per ml of basidiospores from single aeciospore isolates avirulent or virulent to the Fr1 (fusiform resistance-1) gene were used to inoculate a control-pollinated loblolly pine family heterozygous for this gene. With two avirulent isolates, the regression curve of gall frequency 9 months after inoculation went from 26 to 50% as inoculum density increased to 100 x 10 super(3) spores. The regression curve flattened at higher inoculum densities. With two virulent isolates, gall frequency increased from 47% to a plateau at 97% as spore density increased. A double-blind element of the study correlated the occurrence of the genetic marker (RAPD marker J sub(7-)485A) for Fr1 resistance in haploid megagametophyte tissue and the presence or absence of galls on seedlings after artificial inoculations. With avirulent isolates at the two higher densities of 100 x 10 super(3) and 200 x 10 super(3), marker presence-absence and phenotypic assessments of gall presence-absence agreed for 95% of the seedlings. At the 50 x 10 super(3) level, marker-phenotype agreed for 86% of the seedlings. The increased marker-phenotype association resulted from a reduction or elimination of disease escapes as Fr1 resistance remained stable even at higher spore densities. The double-blind study indicates that resistant individuals can be identified from the megagametophyte tissue of germinating seedlings. With virulent isolates, marker and disease phenotype did not correlate, even at the lowest inoculum density. The virulent isolates appear to be homozygous for virulence because infection of marker-positive resistant seedlings equaled or exceeded that of marker-negative susceptible seedlings at the lowest inoculum density. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kuhlman, E G AU - Amerson, H V AU - Jordan, A P AU - Pepper, W D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 597 EP - 600 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Loblolly pine KW - disease resistance KW - forestry KW - gene expression KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16283148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Inoculum+density+and+expression+of+major+gene+resistance+to+fusiform+rust+disease+in+loblolly+pine&rft.au=Kuhlman%2C+E+G%3BAmerson%2C+H+V%3BJordan%2C+A+P%3BPepper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Kuhlman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of field-grown soybean (cv. Essex) to elevated SO sub(2) under two atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations AN - 16266701; 4268236 AB - The objective of this research was to determine the effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) and sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)) on field-grown soybean. Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. 'Essex') were grown a full-season in open-stop field chambers exposed to either ambient (350 mu l L super(-1)) or elevated CO sub(2) (500 mu l L super(-1)) levels under two levels of SO sub(2) (0.00 and 0.12 mu l L super(-1)). Enriched CO sub(2), with or without SO sub(2) treatments, significantly increased net photosynthesis rates, leaf area index (LAI; in R4 growth stage) and leaf dry weight, but did not significantly affect stomatal resistance, transpiration rates, leaf area, plant height, total biomass or grain yield. Elevated SO sub(2) treatments significantly decreased photosynthesis and LAI during pod fill stages, but did not significantly affect stomatal resistance, transpiration, total biomass, plant height or grain yield. Sulfur dioxide inhibited growth and development (i.e., LAI) during canopy coverage before any effects on photosynthesis were detected. The interactive effects of CO sub(2) and SO sub(2) treatments on the gas exchange parameters were significant during pod fill, where high SO sub(2) reduced photosynthesis at ambient CO sub(2) but not under elevated CO sub(2). Leaf area index values were likewise reduced by SO sub(2) exposure under ambient CO sub(2) during late flowering and pod fill stages. Thus, enriched CO sub(2) under high SO sub(2) exposure partially compensated for the negative impact of SO sub(2) stress on PS and LAI during the pod fill stages. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Lee, E H AU - Pausch, R C AU - Rowland, R A AU - Mulchi, CL AU - Rudorff, BFT AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 85 EP - 93 VL - 37 IS - 2-3 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16266701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Responses+of+field-grown+soybean+%28cv.+Essex%29+to+elevated+SO+sub%282%29+under+two+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+concentrations&rft.au=Lee%2C+E+H%3BPausch%2C+R+C%3BRowland%2C+R+A%3BMulchi%2C+CL%3BRudorff%2C+BFT&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Terrestrial invertebrates as salmonid prey and nitrogen sources in streams: Contrasting old-growth and young-growth riparian forests in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. AN - 16260846; 4267967 AB - Terrestrial-derived invertebrate (TI) inputs into streams and predation on them by salmonids (40-180 mm fork length) were measured in six coastal Alaska stream reaches from April through October 1993-1994; riparian habitat of three stream reaches contained conifer-dominated old-growth (no timber harvesting) and three were alder-dominated young-growth (31 years postclearcutting). Data from pan-traps placed on stream surfaces showed that TI biomass and nitrogen inputs averaged up to 66 and 6 mg super(.)m super(-2) super(.)day super(-1), respectively, with no significant difference between habitats. Stomach contents from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cutthroat trout (O. clarki) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) revealed that TI and aquatic-derived invertebrates (AI) were equally important prey. Additionally, salmonids from young-growth systems ingested a greater TI proportion than those from old-growth systems. There were trends but no significant differences between habitats of TI and AI biomass ingested; however, statistical power was <0.30. These results showed that TI were important juvenile salmonid prey and that a riparian overstory with more alder and denser shrub understory may increase their abundance. Riparian vegetation management will likely have important consequences on trophic levels supporting predators, including but not limited to fishes. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Wipfli AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 1259 EP - 1269 VL - 54 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Salmonids KW - USA, Alaska KW - age KW - food consumption KW - food organisms KW - forests KW - juveniles KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Terrestrial+invertebrates+as+salmonid+prey+and+nitrogen+sources+in+streams%3A+Contrasting+old-growth+and+young-growth+riparian+forests+in+southeastern+Alaska%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Wipfli&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geranium virus hard to identify, easy to spread AN - 16260358; 4239139 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Becker, H AD - USDA-ARS Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, U.S. Natl. Arboretum, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 22 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - aphid transmission KW - detection KW - infection KW - plant viruses KW - symptoms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Geranium+virus+hard+to+identify%2C+easy+to+spread&rft.au=Becker%2C+H&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successful pseudorabies vaccination in maternally immune piglets using recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines AN - 16255294; 4239839 AB - Three gilts were vaccinated with a NYVAC vaccinia recombinant expressing glycoprotein gD of pseudorabies virus (PRV) (NYVAC/gD). After farrowing, the piglets were allowed to nurse normally to obtain colostral immunity and then were divided into four groups, receiving NYVAC/gD, a NYVAC recombinant expressing glycoprotein gB of PRV (NYVAC/gB), an inactivated PRV vaccine (iPRV), or no vaccine. The piglets were vaccinated twice, three weeks apart beginning at approximately two weeks of age and later challenged with virulent PRV oronasally. Piglets that received NYVAC/gB or iPRV were the best protected based on lack of mortality, lower temperature responses, decreased weight loss and decreased viral shedding after challenge. These results indicate effective strategies for stimulating active immune response while still under the protection of maternal immunity. JF - Research in Veterinary Science AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Mengeling, W L AD - Virology Swine Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 281 EP - 285 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0034-5288, 0034-5288 KW - glycoprotein gD KW - immunity KW - pigs KW - pseudorabies virus KW - vaccines KW - vaccinia virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - A 01097:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16255294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.atitle=Successful+pseudorabies+vaccination+in+maternally+immune+piglets+using+recombinant+vaccinia+virus+vaccines&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BMengeling%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.issn=00345288&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epitope diversity of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum detected by flow cytometry AN - 16238436; 4225103 AB - A culture of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (F-MG) that exhibited an epitope identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6F10 was used to inoculate leghorn hens in two different trials. In Trial 1, mature hens chronically infected with F-MG were swabbed at intervals from 230 to 345 days postinoculation (PI). The F-MG isolates were tested with an agar plate fluorescent antibody (APFA) method that used a polyclonal antibody and with a flow cytometry (FC) technique that used MAb 6F10. Primary cultures of swabs taken at 258, 272, 293, 318, and 345 days PI were all identified as positive by APFA, whereas FC identified 23%-41% as positive. Subsequently, MAb 6B11 was found, which reacted positively with isolates negative to MAb 6F10. Both 6F10 and 6B11 were used in the second trial, which was designed to identify F-MG isolates that were negative to 6F10. In Trial 2, naive birds were inoculated with F-MG when they were 9 wk old and were sampled at six intervals from 13 to 154 days PI. The APFA method was used to identify primary isolation (P0) cultures, and FC was performed on P0 cultures and the same cultures after they had been passed three times (third serial passage [P3] cultures). The APFA test identified 100% of the P0 cultures as F-MG. The FC results on P0 cultures showed 34.5% as 6F10 positive and 85.1% as 6B11 positive. Results for FC on P3 cultures showed 92.3% 6F10 positive and 96.3% 6B11 positive. These results suggest that the microenvironment of the colonization site in the hen induced an epitope diversity in F-MG, as evidenced by the loss in the expression of MAb 6F10-defined epitope. Isolation of the organism from hens and propagation for several in vitro passages resulted in the re-expression of the epitope defined by MAb 6F10. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Brown, JE AU - Branton, S L AU - May, J D AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., South Central Poultry Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 289 EP - 295 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Epitopes KW - Flow cytometry KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16238436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Epitope+diversity+of+F+strain+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+detected+by+flow+cytometry&rft.au=Brown%2C+JE%3BBranton%2C+S+L%3BMay%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) reproductive responses to delayed mating AN - 16232119; 4224266 AB - Adult longevity, fecundity, and fertility of Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), females mated at 0, 1, 3, and 5 d after eclosion were examined under reversed photoperiodic and thermoperiodic conditions. Mating delays of 1 to 5 d did not significantly affect longevity. One- to 5-d delays in mating reduced fecundity primarily by shortening the oviposition period; however, females did not oviposit their entire egg complement regardless of mating age. The proportion of fertile eggs was not significantly reduced by mating delays of 50% only when mating was delayed for 5 d. Substantial reductions in fertility of E. loftini populations in response to synthetic pheromone applications would probably require that mating of most females be disrupted or delayed for >5 d. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lingren, P D AU - Shaver, T N AD - USDA, ARS, Crop Insects Res. Unit, 2413 E Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 195 EP - 200 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Eclosion KW - Fecundity KW - Grass moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Longevity KW - Mating behavior KW - Snout moths KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Mexican+rice+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+reproductive+responses+to+delayed+mating&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BShaver%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A conversion factor for correcting numbers of adult tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) captured with a sweep net in cotton AN - 16232058; 4224261 AB - Adult tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), were sampled with a sweep net and an absolute visual sampling method during the first five weeks of fruit production in cotton at Stoneville, Mississippi during 1993 and 1994. The absolute visual sampling method captured significantly higher mean numbers of adults than were found with sweep net sampling in all sample weeks of both years. A significant regression of mean numbers of adults from absolute visual samples on mean numbers of adults in sweep net samples was obtained. This regression showed that sweep net samples underestimated numbers of adults by a correction factor of three. This is the only correction factor currently available for converting numbers of adult tarnished plant bugs captured in the sweep net to the more accurate numbers captured with an absolute sampling method. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Snodgrass, G L AU - Scott, W P AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Insect Manage. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 189 EP - 194 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Hemiptera KW - Jumping tree bugs KW - Leaf bugs KW - Plant bugs KW - Sampling KW - Tarnished plant bug KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=A+conversion+factor+for+correcting+numbers+of+adult+tarnished+plant+bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29+captured+with+a+sweep+net+in+cotton&rft.au=Snodgrass%2C+G+L%3BScott%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterophil response to intraperitoneal challenge with invasion-deficient Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella-immune lymphokines AN - 16229791; 4222929 AB - The present work compared the accumulation of intraperitoneal heterophils in day-of-hatch chicks following treatment with Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (ILK) and challenge with various strains of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Day-of-hatch chicks received ILK by intraperitoneal injection and were challenged 1 hr later by intraperitoneal inoculation with one of the following SE strains: a wild-type, SE 890034-3: a Delta cya-12 Delta crp-11 avirulent vaccine strain, chi 4357; and an invasion-deficient strain, InvA::kan, chi 4420. Four hours after challenge heterophils were recovered from the peritoneal cavity by lavage. The concentration of heterophils in the recovered lavage fluid was determined. Heterophil concentrations increased in response to challenge with each SE strain but there was a lower response to the invasion-deficient strain. The difference was statistically significant. This diminished heterophil response to challenge with invasion-deficient salmonellae supports existing evidence that the initial defensive reaction occurs at the earliest stages of the Salmonella-host interaction. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 438 EP - 441 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - cytokines KW - immune response KW - lymphokines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16229791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Heterophil+response+to+intraperitoneal+challenge+with+invasion-deficient+Salmonella+enteritidis+and+Salmonella-immune+lymphokines&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with a description of a bioassay method AN - 16227564; 4224002 AB - We examined the infectivity of 30 isolates of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith originating from various insect hosts [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring principally, and some species of Lepidoptera] from the southern United States, Europe, Pakistan, Nepal, and India against B. argentifolii under laboratory conditions. Bioassays were conducted on leaf disks of ornamental sweetpotato that were infested with 2nd instars of B. argentifolii and transferred to petri dishes containing sterile KNOP medium. Using a Potter tower, insects were treated with 3.8 x 10 super(4) conidia per square centimeter of each of the 30 fungal isolates. Four replicate tests, each undertaken on a separate date, were conducted for each isolate. A 2nd series of bioassays was conducted on 5 selected isolates using 5 dosages ranging from 38 to 3.8 x 10 super(5) conidia per square centimeter. In all bioassays, after 24 h at 100% RH and 24 degree C, the dishes were ventilated and maintained at 60% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. After 10 d, mortality and nymphal instar at time of death were recorded. Of the 30 isolates, only 1 produced total mortality (i.e., occurring in all instars combined) that was not significantly different from the controls. For the 29 isolates causing highly significant mortality, total mortality ranged from 68 to 94% with no significant difference between isolates. LD sub(50)s of the selected isolates varied from 619 to 1,269 conidia per square centimeter, without significant intraspecific difference. Nymphs that were exposed to conidia in the 2nd instar died principally during the 4th instar. There was a significant difference between isolates depending on the nymphal instar at time of death in nymphs killed by P. fumosoroseus. The laboratory results are promising and confirmed the potential of P. fumosoroseus as a microbial control agent against B. argentifolii. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vidal, C AU - Lacey, LA AU - Fargues, J AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis, 34397 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 765 EP - 772 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - bioassays KW - biological control KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - pathogenicity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+%28Deuteromycotina%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+against+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+with+a+description+of+a+bioassay+method&rft.au=Vidal%2C+C%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BFargues%2C+J&rft.aulast=Vidal&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of tillage and rainfall on atrazine leaching under field and laboratory conditions AN - 16226303; 4222020 AB - Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate effects of tillage reversal and rainfall on super(14)C-atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) leaching patterns. Twelve intact soil cores (16 cm dia x 20 cm deep) were collected from 8-yr no-till (NT) fields. Half the cores were tilled (5 cm deep) prior to super(14)C-atrazine treatment (2.7 mg core super(-1)) to all cores. All cores received two rains (27 mm rain in 1.5 h, one day after application followed, two days later, by a 17 mm rain in 2.5 h) and leachate was collected and analyzed for atrazine. These rains simulated the timing, amount and duration of natural rainfall events from a tillage reversal field study. During the first high intensity rainfall event, a pulse (2.1 mu g L super(-1)) of atrazine leached through tilled cores while leaching rate was linear and decreased (1.25 to 0.9 mu g L super(-1)) through un-tilled cores. Leaching rate was linear for both the tilled and un-tilled cores during the second rain. Less atrazine was left in the surface 5 cm of tilled soil than un-tilled after the two rains. Results confirmed field observations and suggested that when tillage is reversed on well structured soils, pesticide leaching may increase relative to un-tilled soil but these effects are probably confined to the first rain events after application only. JF - Chemosphere AU - Isensee, A R AU - Sadeghi, A M AD - Plant Physiologist and Soil Scientist, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Environ. Chem. Lab., Bldg. 001, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 2715 EP - 2723 VL - 34 IS - 12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - conservation tillage KW - tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16226303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+tillage+and+rainfall+on+atrazine+leaching+under+field+and+laboratory+conditions&rft.au=Isensee%2C+A+R%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Isensee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Longevity of microbial biocontrol agents in a planting mix amended with Glomus intraradices AN - 16220104; 4223058 AB - Commercial sources of the biological control agents Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces griseoviridis and experimental single isolates of Serratia plymuthica, a Pseudomonas fluorescens parent and its lacZY mutant were evaluated for their survival and compatibility with the mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, in a commercial planting mix. The control treatments were the unamended mix and mix amended with G. intraradices alone. All were applied to 128-cell Speedling styrofoam flats and planted with the tomato cultivar 'Sunny'. At four to five intervals during the growing period (6.5-8 weeks), each organism was quantified by dilution plating and G. intraradices infection (%) was determined at the end of each test. The number of Trichoderma isolates increased slightly within 2 weeks after application and then stabilized through the end of the test. Serratia and Streptomyces isolates declined throughout the test from about 7.75 log sub(10) colony-forming units (CFU) g super(-1) to numbers at the end (6.2 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1)) similar to the controls. Bacillus isolates declined about 1 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) in the first week but then stabilized. G. intraradices had no influence on numbers of these four genera. The Pseudomonas parent and its lacZY mutant declined about 1 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) during the test with the mutant yielding higher CFU for each sampling period. Propagules of both Pseudomonas isolates were greater when mixed with G. intraradices than when alone. In these experiments, Bacillus and Trichoderma were the best survivors in a mix for potential use as biocontrol agents for tomato transplants. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Nemec, S AD - USDA/ARS, 2199 S. Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 183 EP - 192 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - biological control KW - soil amendment KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16220104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Longevity+of+microbial+biocontrol+agents+in+a+planting+mix+amended+with+Glomus+intraradices&rft.au=Nemec%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nemec&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating effects of fire on gaseous emissions and atmospheric carbon fluxes from coniferous forest landscapes AN - 16212177; 4275126 AB - Exclusion of fire from terrestrial ecosystems will result in major changes in landscape structure and composition that will, in turn, precipitate significant changes in gaseous emissions to the atmosphere. A mechanistic forest successional model, Fire-BGC (a Fire BioGeoChemical succession model) is used to investigate long-term trends in gas emissions (particulate matter, CH sub(4), CO, and CO sub(2)) under current, historical and future fire regimes and climates for a complex landscape in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Fire-BGC simulates long-term fire and stand dynamics on coniferous forest landscapes of the northern Rocky Mountains. Gaseous emissions generated under four scenarios are compared across 250 years of simulation for a pair of Glacier National Park watersheds (about 93,000 hectares). The scenarios are: 1) complete fire exclusion with current climate, 2) historical wildfire occurrence and current climate, 3) complete fire exclusion under a future climate, and 4) future fire occurrence and future climate. Model results indicate temperate and sub-boreal coniferous forest landscapes with fire tend to respire less carbon to the atmosphere even when carbon emissions from fire are included. Future climates will create productive landscapes with more frequent and more severe fires than the same landscapes experienced historically. Smoke emissions are nearly doubled under the modeled future climate and fire regime. Potential implications to the global carbon cycle and wildland fire management are discussed. JF - World Resource Review AU - Keane, R E AU - Hardy, C C AU - Ryan, K C AU - Finney, MA AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Intermountain Fire Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 177 EP - 205 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16212177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Simulating+effects+of+fire+on+gaseous+emissions+and+atmospheric+carbon+fluxes+from+coniferous+forest+landscapes&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BHardy%2C+C+C%3BRyan%2C+K+C%3BFinney%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutual exclusion by dolichoderine ants on a rich food source AN - 16119520; 4209117 AB - Some species of ants recruit rapidly to rich food sources and may exclude other species from that food source. These ant species interfere with other ant species by using chemical repellents or by physical means. We studied the ants on flowers and fruits of yucca in fifteen 0.5 ha plots on the Jornada Experimental Range, 26 km N of Las Cruces, NM. We identified and recorded the species of all ants on the fruits and flowers of each yucca within a plot. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Van Zee, JW AU - Whitford, W G AU - Smith, W E AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Exp. Range, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 229 EP - 231 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ants KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, New Mexico KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - Yucca elata KW - species composition KW - interspecific relationships KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Mutual+exclusion+by+dolichoderine+ants+on+a+rich+food+source&rft.au=Van+Zee%2C+JW%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BSmith%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Van+Zee&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Yucca elata; USA, New Mexico; species composition; interspecific relationships; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headcut advance prediction for earth spillways AN - 16109460; 4208147 AB - New technology for predicting the performance of earth (soil and rock) spillways has been developed through the joint efforts of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). This technology has been computer coded, and the resulting computational model incorporated into NRCS software. As a part of evaluating the potential for spillway breach, one component of this model predicts headcut advance within the spillway. This component utilizes an energy-based parameter to describe the erosive attack and a headcut erodibility index to describe the resistance of the geologic materials to that attack. Headcut advance threshold and rate parameters were calibrated using data from field spillways that had experienced extreme flow events. The model was validated using data from additional field spillways. Results of the validation suggest that the model should provide a useful tool for current use, but that additional data and model refinement are needed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Temple, D AU - Moore, J AD - USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 557 EP - 562 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - headcut advance KW - ARS KW - NRCS KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - interagency cooperation KW - erosion KW - dams KW - computer models KW - floods KW - resistance KW - prediction KW - spillways KW - performance evaluation KW - calibrations KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Headcut+advance+prediction+for+earth+spillways&rft.au=Temple%2C+D%3BMoore%2C+J&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - performance evaluation; prediction; spillways; floods; erosion; dams; interagency cooperation; computer models; calibrations; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential requirements of two insect cell lines for growth in serum-free medium AN - 16106239; 4204907 AB - The development of a serum-free medium that supports the growth of cells from a Spodoptera frugiperda and a Lymantria dispar cell line is reported. A yeast hydrolysate provided the B-vitamin complex, and a combination of a meat hydrolysate and tryptose provided most of the free amino acids required for cell growth. Supplemental cystine and methionine were required to achieve maximum cell growth. The serum or serum replacements used in earlier formulations were replaced with commercial lipid preparations and increased levels of iron salts. Although the cell growth cycle had a somewhat extended lag phase and the population doubling time of the S. frugiperda cells was longer than on serum-containing medium, the saturation densities were much higher. Spodoptera cells grown in this medium replicated the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus well, producing 8.71 x 10 super(6) TCID sub(50) extracellular virus and 4.4 x 10 super(8) polyhedra/ml culture. The specific activity of the polyhedra was somewhat less than that of polyhedra produced in insects. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Vaughn, J L AU - Fan, F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 479 EP - 482 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Fall armyworm KW - serum-free media KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Autographa californica KW - media (culture) KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - cell lines KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Differential+requirements+of+two+insect+cell+lines+for+growth+in+serum-free+medium&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+J+L%3BFan%2C+F&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - media (culture); cell lines; Spodoptera frugiperda; Autographa californica; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid and sensitive detection of Xanthomonas fragariae by simple alkaline DNA extraction and the polymerase chain reaction AN - 16099575; 4203277 AB - Methods for DNA preparation from Xanthomonas fragariae in infected or artificially contaminated strawberry plants were compared in diagnostic assays using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The bacterium was detected using PCR with primers specific to a region of its hrp gene. Sensitivity of detection was 1.25 x 10 super(3) CFU ml super(-1) using DNA from bacterial suspensions prepared by an alkali extraction method. This was 10-fold more sensitive than DNA extraction by boiling, and was equal to that in which DNA was prepared by a more involved cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) procedure. Sensitivity of detection from artificially contaminated strawberry tissues was 10-fold less than that from cell suspensions. The results indicated that a rapid and simple method of alkali DNA sample preparation is applicable for the sensitive and reliable detection of X. fragariae and possibly other plant pathogenic bacteria. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Zhang, S AU - Goodwin, PH AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 267 EP - 270 VL - 145 IS - 5-6 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - hrp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - bioassays KW - alkalis KW - Fragaria ananassa KW - Xanthomonas fragariae KW - DNA KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16099575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Rapid+and+sensitive+detection+of+Xanthomonas+fragariae+by+simple+alkaline+DNA+extraction+and+the+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Zhang%2C+S%3BGoodwin%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas fragariae; Fragaria ananassa; polymerase chain reaction; bioassays; DNA; alkalis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acidic deposition, cation mobilization, and biochemical indicators of stress in healthy red spruce AN - 16098467; 4203777 AB - Dendrochemical and biochemical markers link stress in apparently healthy red spruce frees (Picea rubens) to acidic deposition. Acidic deposition to spruce forests of the northeastern USA increased sharply during the 1960s. Previous reports related visible damage of trees at high elevations to root and soil processes. In this report, dendrochemical and foliar biochemical markers indicate perturbations in biological processes in healthy red spruce trees across the northeastern USA. Previous research on the dendrochemistry of red spruce stemwood indicated that under uniform environmental conditions, stemwood concentrations of Ca and Mg decreased with increasing radial distance from the pith. For nine forest locations, frequency analysis shows that 28 and 52% of samples of red spruce stemwood formed in the 1960s are enriched in Ca and Mg, respectively, relative to wood formed prior to and after the 1960s. This enrichment in trees throughout the northeastern USA may be interpretable as a signal of increased availability of essential cations in forest soils. Such a temporary increase in the availability of Ca and Mg could be caused by cation mobilization, a consequence of increased acidic deposition. During cation mobilization, essential Ca and Mg as well as potentially harmful Al become more available for interaction with binding sites in the soil and absorbing roots. As conditions which favor cation mobilization continue, Ca and Mg can be leached or displaced from the soil. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Shortle, W C AU - Smith, K T AU - Minocha, R AU - Lawrence, G B AU - David, M B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 871 EP - 876 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - calcium KW - magnesium KW - biochemistry KW - USA, Northeast KW - acid rain KW - Picea rubens KW - aluminum KW - cations KW - trees KW - bioindicators KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Acidic+deposition%2C+cation+mobilization%2C+and+biochemical+indicators+of+stress+in+healthy+red+spruce&rft.au=Shortle%2C+W+C%3BSmith%2C+K+T%3BMinocha%2C+R%3BLawrence%2C+G+B%3BDavid%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Shortle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea rubens; USA, Northeast; trees; acid rain; bioindicators; biochemistry; calcium; magnesium; aluminum; cations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertebrate use of habitats created by installation of field-scale erosion control structures AN - 16098297; 4206741 AB - Installation of field-scale erosion control structures or drop pipes is a common method for controlling knickpoint gully erosion in fields adjacent to incised streams. These structures transfer runoff water from field level to stream level through a metal drain pipe. The shape of the gully side collection basin at the pipe inlet allows small terrestrial and wetland habitats to develop with associated shallow pools that may be permanently or seasonally flooded. This study evaluated vertebrate use of habitats created by the installation of drop pipes. Four different habitats were categorized based on water depth and surrounding vegetation. Category 1 habitat has the smallest temporary pool, least vegetative structure, and is a terrestrial habitat. Categories consecutively increase to Category 4 which has the deepest pool, most vegetative structure, and is a wetland habitat. Study sites were surveyed for the five major vertebrate classes. Mean species richness and percentage capture abundance for all vertebrate classes increased from Category 1 habitats to Category 3 or 4 habitats. In all drop pipe habitat categories, amphibians had the highest percent capture abundance, fish were second, birds were third, mammals were fourth, and reptiles had the lowest percent capture abundance. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Cooper, C M AU - Smiley, PC Jr AU - Wigginton, J D AU - Knight, S S AU - Kallies, K W AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Sedimentation Lab., P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 199 EP - 207 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - vertebrates KW - habitat utilization KW - Vertebrata KW - habitats KW - gully erosion KW - agricultural runoff KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - pipes KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - USA, Mississippi KW - D 04666:Chordates - general KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Vertebrate+use+of+habitats+created+by+installation+of+field-scale+erosion+control+structures&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+M%3BSmiley%2C+PC+Jr%3BWigginton%2C+J+D%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BKallies%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vertebrata; erosion control; habitats; gully erosion; runoff; pipes; agricultural runoff; USA, Mississippi; habitat utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of zinc and copper to Brassica species: Implications for phytoremediation AN - 16095043; 4113801 AB - The toxicity of Zn and Cu in three species from the genus Brassica was examined to determine if these plants showed sufficient tolerance and metal accumulation to be used to phytoremediate a site contaminated with these two heavy metals. Hydroponically grown 12-d-old plants of Brassica juncea, B. rapa, and B. napus were grown for an additional 14 d in the presence of either elevated Zn (6.5 mg/L), Cu (0.32 mg/L), or Zn + Cu to quantify the toxic effects of these metals on several different growth parameters. With few exceptions, both root and shoot dry weight for all three species decreased significantly in the presence of heavy metals. Cu inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa, B. napus, and, to a lesser extent, B. juncea, while Zn tended to decrease only lateral root diameter. Both metals reduced shoot Fe and Mn concentrations in all three Brassica spp. to levels associated with Fe and Mn deficiencies. These deficiencies, however, did not correlate with observed patterns of leaf chlorosis. Nonetheless, heavy metal-induced inhibition of Fe and Mn accumulation may have been a significant factor in reducing plant growth. In terms of heavy metal removal, the Brassica spp. were more effective at removing Zn from the nutrient solution than Cu. The extent of Zn and Cu removal was reduced in the presence of both metals, as compared to the single heavy metal treatments. The implications of these results for phytoremediation are discussed. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Kochian, LV AD - US Plant, Soil, and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 776 EP - 781 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - phytoremediation KW - phytotoxicity KW - plants KW - pollution clean-up KW - soil remediation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - zinc KW - Brassica rapa KW - copper KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - Brassica juncea KW - toxicity KW - Brassica napus KW - heavy metals KW - pollution control KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16095043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+zinc+and+copper+to+Brassica+species%3A+Implications+for+phytoremediation&rft.au=Ebbs%2C+S+D%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Ebbs&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - zinc; toxicity; copper; heavy metals; bioaccumulation; pollution control; soil remediation; phytotoxicity; plants; pollution clean-up; Brassica juncea; Brassica rapa; Brassica napus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pre-harvest fungal colonization affects storage life of bing cherry fruit AN - 16079217; 4114109 AB - Treatment of sweet cherry (Prunus avium cv. Bing) trees with either two mildewcide cover sprays or multiple (18) applications of topical and systemic fungicides produced cherry fruit that were either highly colonized or relatively uncolonized by fungi, respectively. Fruit from the multiple application treatment had a storage life of up to 8 weeks (7 weeks at 1-4 degree C plus 1 week at simulated retail temperatures of 20-21 degree C), whereas the commercially-managed fruits (two mildewcides) were extensively colonized by fungi and extensively decayed when stored under the same conditions. Stringent post-harvest disinfection did not significantly reduce postharvest decay, and only slightly reduced isolation frequency of fungi. The data obtained in this study suggest that the degree of pre-harvest fungal colonization is a primary determinant of the percentage of post-harvest decay, and that pre-harvest colonization can potentially be addressed by pre- and post-harvest management practices. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Dugan, F M AU - Roberts, R G AD - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 225 EP - 230 VL - 145 IS - 5-6 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - Prunus avium KW - preservation KW - storage KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16079217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Pre-harvest+fungal+colonization+affects+storage+life+of+bing+cherry+fruit&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BRoberts%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus avium; storage; fruits; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of multiparasitism on the parasitization behavior and progeny development of Oriental fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16078092; 4110898 AB - Multiparasitism (the same fruit fly hosts are parasitized by different parasitoids) of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera (=Dacus) dorsalis (Hendel), had differential effects on the progeny development of the egg parasitoid Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) and the larval parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri). In addition, contact with previously parasitized hosts had varying effects on oviposition behavior of D. longicaudata and P. incisi. Progeny of each of the 3 species successfully developed in multiparasitized hosts. However, effect of multiparasitism was more costly to survival and emergence of D. longicaudata than to B. arisanus or P. incisi. Competition for the same hosts between D. longicaudata and P. incisi resulted in disproportionately large numbers of progeny by either species depending on which parasitoid the host larvae were exposed to first. Naive females of D. longicaudata and P. incisi oviposited in healthy and parasitized fruit fly larvae. However, oviposition by D. longicaudata was more restrained toward larval hosts that were parasitized initially by B. arisanus, P. incisi, or both. Our results provided a basis for better understanding of the consequences of multispecies releases of fruit fly parasitoids. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Bautista, R C AU - Harris, E J AD - Trop. Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 757 EP - 764 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - progeny KW - Fruit flies KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - development KW - parasitoids KW - Tephritidae KW - Braconidae KW - parasitism KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16078092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+multiparasitism+on+the+parasitization+behavior+and+progeny+development+of+Oriental+fruit+fly+parasitoids+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Bautista%2C+R+C%3BHarris%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Braconidae; Bactrocera dorsalis; parasitism; development; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of the larval root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in simulated flooding AN - 16076291; 4110927 AB - Larvae of the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus L. can cause substantial damage to sugarcane and citrus. To test the feasibility of managing Diaprepes populations by flooding canefields for extended periods of time larval mortalities recorded after submerging larvae under water in soil filled trays at temperatures from 18 to 27 degree C for up to 5 weeks. Mean mortality exceeded 90% by 3 weeks of submergence at 24 and 27 degree C and after 5 weeks at 21 degree C, but was only 46% after 5 weeks at 18 degree C. A model was derived by multiple regression analysis, describing the response of mortality to time and temperature. The model accounted for 84% of the variation in larval mortality. Levels of O sub(2) and pH were monitored in selected trays during the experiment; only pH correlated significantly with larval mortality but contributed only 20% of total variation. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Shapiro, J P AU - Hall, D G AU - Niedz, R P AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - larvae KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Weevils KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - flooding KW - Diaprepes abbreviatus KW - Curculionidae KW - mortality KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16076291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+the+larval+root+weevil+Diaprepes+abbreviatus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+simulated+flooding&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+J+P%3BHall%2C+D+G%3BNiedz%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Diaprepes abbreviatus; mortality; flooding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage effects on soil erosion potential and soil quality of a former Conservation Reserve Program site AN - 16074078; 4108987 AB - This study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage on soil erosion potential and soil quality characteristics of a former Conservation Research Program (CRP) site. Following tillage, the study area in Northern Mississippi was maintained in a fallow condition for nine months. Soil loss from simulated rainfall events was minimal on recently tilled plots and an adjoining, undisturbed CRP area. In contrast, soil loss from the former CRP site which had been tilled nine months previously was similar to values obtained before the CRP program when the area had been cropped for several years. Tillage and over-winter fallowing caused a degradation in soil quality resulting from the decomposition of biological nutrient reserves. The conservation and soil quality benefits derived from the CRP may rapidly decline once an area is tilled and then left fallow during the non-cropped period. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Gilley, JE AU - Doran, J W AD - USDA-ARS located at Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 184 EP - 188 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - soil quality KW - land management KW - simulated rainfall KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - degradation KW - nutrients KW - soil properties KW - runoff KW - USA, Mississippi KW - fallowing KW - soil conservation KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16074078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Tillage+effects+on+soil+erosion+potential+and+soil+quality+of+a+former+Conservation+Reserve+Program+site&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BDoran%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; soil erosion; land management; soil conservation; simulated rainfall; fallowing; degradation; soil properties; nutrients; runoff; USA, Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative prey weight influences handling time and biomass extraction in Sinea confusa and Zelus renardii (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) AN - 16073963; 4110879 AB - The influence of relative predator-prey weight ratios in feeding behavior was investigated in females of 2 species of reduviids, Sinea confusa Caudell and Zelus renardii Kolenati. Using 10-140 mg moth larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.) as prey (presented in 7 weight groups), we measured handling time and extracted biomass of prey over a wide range of predator-prey weight ratios (0.3-4.5:1). Handling time decreased exponentially and extracted biomass increased linearly as predator-prey weight ratios increased. At predator-prey ratios that were similar to 1:1, handling time was similar to 100 min for both species. Extracted biomass increased linearly with increases in prey weight, but these increases were not proportional to either increases in prey weights or handling times concomitant with increasing prey weights. Rate of consumption averaged similar to 110 mu g/min for both species. Relative consumption rate was significantly higher for S. confusa than it was for Z. renardii. We propose the concept of the major investor strategy for predators that can use extra-oral digestion to utilize relatively large prey. Major investors, as seen here, invest large amounts of time and materials in each large prey item, and they must, in turn, extract a substantial nutrient reward from each prey before abandoning it to attack a new prey. Therefore, with large prey, major investors would not conform to functional response kinetics. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cohen, A C AU - Tang, R AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 559 EP - 565 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hemiptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Assassin bugs KW - Zelus renardiie KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Reduviidae KW - feeding behavior KW - Noctuidae KW - body weight KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Sinea confusa KW - predation KW - Zelus renardii KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relative+prey+weight+influences+handling+time+and+biomass+extraction+in+Sinea+confusa+and+Zelus+renardii+%28Heteroptera%3A+Reduviidae%29&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A+C%3BTang%2C+R&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Heliothis virescens; Zelus renardii; Reduviidae; Sinea confusa; predation; predator-prey interactions; body weight; feeding behavior ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ornaments in the Diptera AN - 16073869; 4110875 AB - Occasionally, flies bear sexually dimorphic structures (ornaments) that are used, or are presumed to be used, in courtships or in aggressive interactions with sexual rivals. These are reviewed, beginning with projections from the head, continuing through elaborations of the legs and finishing with gigantism of the genitalia. Several functions for ornaments are considered, including advertisement of genetic properties, subversion of female mate choice and "runaway" sexual selection. Neither the type of ornament nor the degree of elaboration necessarily indicates which of the above processes is responsible for a particular ornament. Resource distribution and the resulting possibilities for resource defense and mate choice explain the occurrence of ornaments in some species. The phyletic distribution of ornaments may reflect foraging behaviors and the type of substrates upon which courtships occur. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Sivinski, J Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 142 EP - 164 VL - 80 IS - 2 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - mating behavior KW - sexual dimorphism KW - sexual selection KW - Diptera KW - courtship KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25523:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Ornaments+in+the+Diptera&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff, erosion, and soil quality characteristics of a former Conservation Reserve Program site AN - 16073842; 4108898 AB - No-till and moldboard plow tillage systems were established on a former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) site in southwest Iowa. Runoff rates from simulated rainfall events were significantly greater on sites returned to crop production than from adjoining, undisturbed CRP areas. Substantial soil loss was measured from the moldboard plow treatments, but no significant differences in erosion rates were found between the undisturbed CRP and no-till management systems. No-till management maintained levels of soil quality similar to those of CRP by preserving soil structural integrity and reducing losses of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with tillage. Conservation tillage systems which maintain residue materials on the soil surface may be well suited for former CRP areas which are used as cropland. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Gilley, JE AU - Doran, J W AU - Karlen, D L AU - Kaspar, T C AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 191 EP - 193 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - soil quality KW - runoff rates KW - simulated rainfall KW - land management KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - organic matter KW - USA, Iowa KW - soil properties KW - conservation KW - soil conservation KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Runoff%2C+erosion%2C+and+soil+quality+characteristics+of+a+former+Conservation+Reserve+Program+site&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BDoran%2C+J+W%3BKarlen%2C+D+L%3BKaspar%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; runoff rates; soil erosion; organic matter; simulated rainfall; conservation; land management; soil conservation; soil properties; USA, Iowa ER - TY - CONF T1 - The role of the naturalist in entomology and a defense of "curiosities" AN - 16073617; 4110867 JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Sivinski, J Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 119 EP - 120 VL - 80 IS - 2 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - nature conservation KW - education KW - Y 25954:General KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04903:Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+naturalist+in+entomology+and+a+defense+of+%22curiosities%22&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraspecific variation in pear psylla (Psyllidae: Homoptera) nymphal survival and development on resistant and susceptible pear AN - 16070994; 4108123 AB - Five pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, isolates from geographically distinct regions of the United States were examined on 6 pear cultivars to determine the extent of intraspecific variation in certain biological parameters, and if host resistance-breaking isolates existed. Newborn nymphs from isolates originating from Michigan, New York, Oregon, Washington, and West Virginia were transferred onto susceptible 'Bartlett' and resistant 'Krupen Burnusus', NY10352, 'Obican Vodenac', 'Mednik', and 'Zelinka' pear. Adult body weights, nymphal survival, and the age structure of the psylla populations were recorded over a 29-d period on each cultivar. Survival and age structure were significantly influenced by cultivar. Lack of significant differences among psylla isolates, and in the strain-by-cultivar interaction suggested that there were no host-dependent differences in survival or development. All of the resistant cultivars, except Obican Vodenac, exhibited moderate to high levels of antibiosis. Obican Vodenac was previously considered resistant, but it was found to be as susceptible as Bartlett to the psylla isolates. The age structures of the psylla isolates were composed mainly of earlier instars on resistant cultivars, although some individuals developed normally to adulthood as if they were on a susceptible host. The vigorous and healthy condition of some adults that were reared from resistant cultivars implies that pear psylla may have the potential to adapt significantly to host resistance. A population age structure index was developed to characterize the degree of antibiosis in pear cultivars. The index significantly correlated with nymphal survival, indicating that these parameters are related. The formula for calculating population age structure index is presented in detail. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Puterka, G J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 552 EP - 558 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - nymphs KW - Jumping plantlice KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Psyllidae KW - Pyrus communis KW - pest resistance KW - USA KW - survival KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16070994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Intraspecific+variation+in+pear+psylla+%28Psyllidae%3A+Homoptera%29+nymphal+survival+and+development+on+resistant+and+susceptible+pear&rft.au=Puterka%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Psyllidae; Pyrus communis; USA; survival; pest resistance; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of spider (Araneae) abundance during an outbreak of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 16070442; 4108150 AB - Spiders are acknowledged predators on all life stages of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, yet little is known about their communities in budworm infested forests. Systematic samples of arboreal spiders were taken from the mid-crowns of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii variety glauca (Beissner) Franco, and grand fir, Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley, for 3 consecutive years during a budworm outbreak. Densities over the 3-yr period averaged 5.6 spiders and 288.0 fourth-instar budworms per square meter of branch area. Spider densities were significantly higher on Douglas-fir (7.8/m super(2)) than on grand fir (4.6/m super(2)); however, species composition of spiders was similar on both tree species. Overall densities of spiders did not differ significantly over the 3 yr. All sampled spiders were classified by family, but because of large numbers of juveniles only 20% could be identified to species. Nonetheless, 13 families and at least 26 species were represented in the samples. Relative abundance of both families and species followed a typical logarithmic-series distribution in which a relatively few taxa accounted for most of the individuals sampled. Total number of spiders sampled was about evenly divided between web-spinning (47.3%) and hunting (52.7%) guilds; however, there were almost twice as many web-spinning species as hunting species. Species-diversity indices also were consistently higher each year for web-spinners than for hunters. The salticid species Pelegrina aeneola (=Metaphidippus aeneolus) (Curtis), a well-known predator of defoliating insects, was clearly dominant each year and accounted for almost half of all hunting spiders. The results offer a convenient marker for comparison with the relative structure of arboreal spider communities in other forest ecosystems. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Mason, R R AU - Jennings, D T AU - Paul, H G AU - Wickman, B E AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest Serv., USDA, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 507 EP - 518 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Araneae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Giant fir KW - Grand fir KW - Lowland white fir KW - Silver fir KW - White fir KW - Yellow fir KW - Leaf rollers KW - Leaf tyers KW - Blue douglas fir KW - Colorado douglas fir KW - Inland douglas fir KW - Rocky mountain douglas fir KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - pest outbreaks KW - Abies grandis KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca KW - Choristoneura occidentalis KW - Tortricidae KW - Salticidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16070442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+spider+%28Araneae%29+abundance+during+an+outbreak+of+western+spruce+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Mason%2C+R+R%3BJennings%2C+D+T%3BPaul%2C+H+G%3BWickman%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abies grandis; Choristoneura occidentalis; Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca; Salticidae; Tortricidae; population density; pest outbreaks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Once-mated beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Effects of age at mating on fecundity, fertility, and longevity AN - 16067196; 4108148 AB - We studied the effects of age at mating on reproductive parameters for once-mated beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), moths in the laboratory. The age of moths at mating significantly influenced the transfer of spermatophores by virgin males and the receipt of spermatophores by virgin females. Female age at mating significantly affected fecundity, fertility, and longevity. Two days after emergence was the optimum mating age for females to achieve their maximum reproductive potential. However, females laying the greatest number of eggs lived the fewest number of days. Male age at mating significantly influenced the fecundity and fertility of their mate and their own longevity. Females mating with 2-d-old males laid the most eggs and had the highest fertility. Males mating on day 2 after emergence lived significantly fewer days than males that mated on day 1 or on days 10 or 11. To document the effects of an adult mortality factor on S. exigua reproductive potential, the age at which moths mate must be standardized. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 585 EP - 590 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Beet armyworm KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - mating behavior KW - fecundity KW - age KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - longevity KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Once-mated+beet+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%3A+Effects+of+age+at+mating+on+fecundity%2C+fertility%2C+and+longevity&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Spodoptera exigua; age; fecundity; longevity; mating behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiosis and antagonism of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa and Drechslera poae by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 in vitro and in planta AN - 16050954; 4099929 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf-5, which produces several antifungal metabolites, including the antibiotics pyoluteorin, pyrrolnitrin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, was tested for its ability to inhibit Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (causal agent of dollar spot) and Drechslera poae (causal agent of 'melting-out') in vitro and in turfgrass; Tn5 mutants with altered antibiotic production also were tested. Inhibition in vitro differed with the medium used, but both fungi generally were inhibited by Pf-5. In most cases, a mutant deficient in pyoluteorin but not pyrrolnitrin or 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol was as inhibitory as Pf-5, whereas a pyrrolnitrin-deficient mutant was less inhibitory than Pf-5 in most fungus/medium combinations. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of culture extracts showed that bacterial genotype and nutrition have an interactive effect on antibiotic production, such that conditions causing an increase in one antibiotic may increase or decrease another. The purported deficiencies for the pyrrolnitrin- and pyoluteorin-deficient mutants were confirmed. In S. homoeocarpa-infested grass clippings incubated in a moist chamber, Pf-5 reduced mycelial growth, whereas the pyrrolnitrin-deficient mutant did not and the pyoluteorin-deficient mutant was intermediate. In greenhouse experiments, Pf-5 reduced dollar spot disease incidence in bentgrass and bluegrass when sprayed over inoculated turf. In grass clippings infested with D. poae and incubated in a moist chamber under favorable conditions for spore production, Pf-5 did not reduce significantly the number of spores produced compared with the non-treated control. However, Pf-5 reduced melting-out disease incidence and severity in bluegrass inoculated with spores of D. poae under greenhouse conditions. JF - Phytopathology AU - Rodriguez, F AU - Pfender, W F AD - USDA-ARS NFTSRC, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 614 EP - 621 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Drechslera poae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - disease resistance KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Sclerotinia homoeocarpa KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16050954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Antibiosis+and+antagonism+of+Sclerotinia+homoeocarpa+and+Drechslera+poae+by+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Pf-5+in+vitro+and+in+planta&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+F%3BPfender%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; Sclerotinia homoeocarpa; biological control; disease resistance; plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial models of competition and gap dynamics in old-growth Tsuga heterophylla/Thuja plicata forests AN - 16037896; 4089197 AB - Stem-mapped plots in old-growth forests of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata) in northern Idaho, USA were analyzed using Ripley's K(d) function, nearest-neighbor function, and influence zone analyses. A conceptual model of old-growth forest development was formulated from the spatial pattern analyses, to guide the development of a mathematical model. In the conceptual model, cohorts of seedlings begin life established in clusters associated with canopy gaps created by the deaths of overstory trees. Then, as the trees within clusters increase in size, they begin to compete with their immediate neighbors. Density-dependent mortality thins the clusters and increases the distance between neighboring trees. Over time, this self-thinning behavior tends to drive stand spatial patterns from aggregation towards regular spacing as trees get larger or increase in competitive status. Preliminary results from a dynamic point process model are presented. The approach simulates the regeneration of seedlings in gaps and the dynamic spatial patterns resulting from competitive interactions between neighboring trees as a sequence of point processes. Main features of the model are stochastic assignment of gapmaker trees, a Poisson cluster process for regeneration establishment, and a progressive simple inhibition process for competition between neighboring trees. The model produces spatial patterns for regeneration and adult trees consistent with the conceptual model and with patterns observed in the field data. Refinements designed to improve model realism are discussed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Moeur, M AD - Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843 USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 175 EP - 186 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 94 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - Thuja plicata KW - gaps KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - old growth KW - competition KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+models+of+competition+and+gap+dynamics+in+old-growth+Tsuga+heterophylla%2FThuja+plicata+forests&rft.au=Moeur%2C+M&rft.aulast=Moeur&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; Thuja plicata; models; competition; gaps; old growth; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of salinity on baldcypress seedlings: Physiological responses and their relation to salinity tolerance AN - 16032747; 4097197 AB - Growth and physiological responses of 15 open-pollinated families of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum var. distichum) subjected to flooding with saline water were evaluated in this study. Ten of the families were from coastal sites in Louisiana and Alabama, USA that have elevated levels of soil-water salinity. The other five families were from inland, freshwater sites in Louisiana. Seedlings from all families tolerated flooding with water of low (2 g l super(-1)) salinity. Differences in biomass among families became most apparent at the highest salinity levels (6 and 8 g l super(-1)). Overall, increasing salinity reduced leaf biomass more than root biomass, which in turn was reduced more than stem biomass. A subset of seedlings from the main greenhouse experiment was periodically placed indoors under artificial light, and measurements were made of gas exchange and leaf water potential. Also, tissue concentrations of Cl super(-), Na super(+), K super(+), and Ca super(2+) were determined at the end of the greenhouse experiment. Significant intraspecific variation was found for nearly all the physiological parameters evaluated, but only leaf concentrations of Na super(+) and Cl super(-) were correlated with an index of family-level differences in salt tolerance. JF - Wetlands AU - Allen, JA AU - Chambers, J L AU - Pezeshki AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Inst. Pacific Islands Forest., 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 310 EP - 320 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Taxodium distichum KW - ecophysiology KW - gas exchange KW - saline intrusion KW - saline water intrusion KW - salinity KW - salinity tolerance KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - biomass KW - Freshwater KW - seedlings KW - USA, Alabama KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Brackish KW - wetlands KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Effects+of+salinity+on+baldcypress+seedlings%3A+Physiological+responses+and+their+relation+to+salinity+tolerance&rft.au=Allen%2C+JA%3BChambers%2C+J+L%3BPezeshki&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecophysiology; biomass; wetlands; saline intrusion; salinity; salinity tolerance; seedlings; gas exchange; saline water intrusion; Taxodium distichum; USA, Alabama; USA, Louisiana; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Streamwater chemistry and nutrient budgets for forested watersheds in New England: variability and management implications AN - 16031394; 4089170 AB - Chemistry of precipitation and streamwater and resulting input-output budgets for nutrient ions were determined concurrently for three years on three upland, forested watersheds located within an 80 km radius in central New England. Chemistry of precipitation and inputs of nutrients via wet deposition were similar among the three watersheds and were generally typical of central New England. In contrast, chemistry and nutrient outputs in streamwater varied dramatically between watersheds, with chemistries ranging from acidic to alkaline. Comparisons with data reported for 159 other upland, forested watersheds in central New England show that our study watersheds span the regional range likely to be encountered in stream chemistry. The regional variability stems in part from past natural disturbances such as wildfire, and variations in source of soil parent material. An approach is presented for predicting the important influence of glacial till on stream chemistry, including acid-base relationships, aluminum content, and nutrient outputs. Knowledge of streamwater chemistry and controlling factors can serve as an index of how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will respond to forest management activities and atmospheric deposition. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Bailey, S W AU - Buso, D C AU - Shanley, J B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 73 EP - 89 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 93 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - chemical limnology KW - chemical precipitation KW - chemistry of precipitation KW - forest management KW - forestry KW - glacial sediments KW - nutrient cycles KW - nutrients KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - rivers KW - geochemistry KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16031394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Streamwater+chemistry+and+nutrient+budgets+for+forested+watersheds+in+New+England%3A+variability+and+management+implications&rft.au=Hornbeck%2C+J+W%3BBailey%2C+S+W%3BBuso%2C+D+C%3BShanley%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Hornbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical precipitation; chemical limnology; watersheds; nutrient cycles; rivers; geochemistry; nutrients; streams; forestry; forest management; glacial sediments; chemistry of precipitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest floor evaporation in a dense Douglas fir stand AN - 16028287; 4092818 AB - Forest floor evaporation was measured with an accurate weighing lysimeter during 44 days in early spring and summer. The Penman-Monteith approach was used to model the evaporation rates as well as the temperature difference between forest floor surface and air at 1 m height. Values of resistance parameters were slightly different when the Penman-Monteith model was optimized for measured evaporation rates or for measured temperature differences. These discrepancies were partly due to field variability in forest floor water contents but also because our approach considered the forest floor to be isothermal. With the appropriate parameter sets, the model was able to predict measured hourly forest floor evaporation rates and surface temperature dynamics satisfactorily. We show that in the forest discussed in this paper the Penman-Monteith ventilation term dominates over the available energy term. As a result the evaporation flux is matched by an almost equal, sensible heat flux but in opposite direction. Forest floor water content dynamics have a strong control over the evaporation flux. Spatial variability in forest floor water contents cause the 44-day average forest floor evaporation to range from 0.19 mm d super(-1) in a dry part of the forest to 0.3 mm d super(-1) in a wet part with 0.23 mm d super(-1) as a site representative value. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Schaap, M G AU - Bouten, W AD - US Salinity Lab., ARS-USDA, 450 Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 97 EP - 113 VL - 193 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1964, 0022-1964 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - fir trees KW - model studies KW - variability KW - resistance KW - evaporation rate KW - lysimeters KW - temperature KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16028287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Forest+floor+evaporation+in+a+dense+Douglas+fir+stand&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G%3BBouten%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221964&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; fir trees; evaporation rate; forests; lysimeters; temperature; resistance; variability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff and sediment losses resulting from winter feeding on pastures AN - 16027788; 4095532 AB - Grazing is an important land use in the humid, eastern U.S. When the grass is dormant, late fall through early spring, the land is most vulnerable to the pressures of livestock. Runoff and sediment losses from a small pastured watershed (WS) in eastern Ohio have been studied for 20 years. In Period 1, a beef cow herd grazed it rotationally during the growing season for 12 years and was fed hay in this WS during the dormant season (high animal density with feeding). During the next 3 years of this study (Period 2), there was summer rotational grazing only. There was no animal occupancy on this WS during the last 5 years (Period 3). Annual runoff was more than 10% of precipitation during Period 1 (120 mm) and less than 2% during Periods 2 and 3 (14 and 6 mm, respectively). The decrease in annual sediment loss was even greater with the change in management, yielding 2259, 146, and 9 kg/ha for the three respective periods. Over 60% of the soil loss during Period 1 occurred during the dormant season. In response to weather inputs, there was considerable seasonal and annual variation in runoff and soil loss within management periods. Low amounts of runoff and erosion from three adjacent watersheds with summer-only grazing supported the conclusion that the increased runoff and erosion during Period 1 resulted from the non-rotational, winter feeding on pastures. When the management was changed, the impacts of the previous treatment were not long lasting, changing within a year. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Owens, L B AU - Edwards, WM AU - Van Keuren, RW AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., North Appalachian Exp. Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 194 EP - 197 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - pastures KW - sediment erosion KW - grazing KW - small watersheds KW - pasture KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - watersheds KW - agricultural runoff KW - sediments KW - cattle KW - runoff KW - USA, Ohio KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16027788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Runoff+and+sediment+losses+resulting+from+winter+feeding+on+pastures&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BEdwards%2C+WM%3BVan+Keuren%2C+RW&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pastures; runoff; sediment erosion; grazing; small watersheds; cattle; sediments; erosion; watersheds; agricultural runoff; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water-use efficiency of perennial ryegrass as affected by soil drainage and nitrogen fertilization on two floodplain soils AN - 16026866; 4092738 AB - Quantitative knowledge of the interactive effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on water use efficiency (WUE) of grasses growing on floodplains in the northeastern United States is scant. Our objective was to quantify the effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on water use efficiency of perennial ryegrass. The study was conducted for two years on a floodplain in central Pennsylvania on two soils selected for soil drainage conditions. A tetraploid, forage-type, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., cv. Bastion) was treated with a split application (50%/50%) of 0, 84, 168 and 252 kg N ha super(-1) as ammonium nitrate. Overall, denitrification caused by poor soil drainage conditions during the spring growth period resulted in a 26 percent reduction in WUE. During the summer growth period, the reduction of WUE was 20 percent. These reductions in biomass yield resulted mostly from lost N fertilizer value due to denitrification. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Stout, W L AU - Schnabel, R R AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Manage. and Water Quality Unit, Univ. Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 207 EP - 211 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - grasses KW - riparian land KW - fertilization KW - quantitative analysis KW - denitrification KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - drainage KW - water use efficiency KW - flood plains KW - nitrogen KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16026866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Water-use+efficiency+of+perennial+ryegrass+as+affected+by+soil+drainage+and+nitrogen+fertilization+on+two+floodplain+soils&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BSchnabel%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water use efficiency; grasses; drainage; fertilization; nitrogen; quantitative analysis; flood plains; denitrification; riparian land; USA, Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of the recombinant Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain BTX in in vitro rurnen incubations AN - 16020412; 4091024 AB - The survival of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain BTX under rumen-simulating conditions was studied. Strain BTX is a recombinant variant of strain 5482 engineered for the production of high levels of xylanase, an enzyme important in the degradation of hemicellulose. Strain BTX was not inhibited by compounds present in rumen fluid and it grew well in media containing rumen fluid (up to 75%) or high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (total concentration, 100 mmol l super(-1)). The ability of strain BTX to compete with other micro-organisms under rumen-like conditions was studied in in vitro incubations of rumen contents. These experiments employed a consecutive batch culture (CBC) system consisting of alfalfa suspended in a rumen fluid buffer inoculated with blended rumen contents and maintained by transfers (10%, v/v) at 48 h intervals. CBC cultures contained a diversity of microbial morphotypes and accumulated fermentation products in rumen-like proportions. When added alone, the numbers of BTX cells were maintained for only a few hours, and then declined precipitously until undetectable after 48 h. If CBC cultures were also supplemented with chondroitin sulphate (a mucopolysaccharide used by Bact. thetaiotaomicron), strain BTX grew and the pattern of its population generally followed that of the total population of ruminal bacteria in these cultures. When transferred into fresh CBC cultures containing chondroitin sulphate, BTX was again able to grow and increase in numbers, but to a diminished degree. Although BTX was able to survive and maintain itself in chondroitin sulphate supplemented cultures, this was at a very low level (10 super(5) ml super(-1)). The potential for manipulation of rumen function by inoculation with recombinant bacteria is discussed. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Cotta, MA AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Rasmussen, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 743 EP - 750 VL - 82 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - recombinants KW - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron KW - rumen microorganisms KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+the+recombinant+Bacteroides+thetaiotaomicron+strain+BTX+in+in+vitro+rurnen+incubations&rft.au=Cotta%2C+MA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BRasmussen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; rumen microorganisms; recombinants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning of an outer membrane protein gene from Campylobacter jejuni AN - 16017016; 4090405 AB - An antigen in the outer membrane protein (OMP) fraction of Campylobacter jejuni was identified and characterized. Western blot analysis demonstrated antigenic differences in this protein between two congenic C. jejuni strains. Strain A74/C, which colonizes chickens, expressed the antigen at 34 kDa, while strain A74/O, which poorly colonizes chickens, expressed the antigen at 32 and 34 kDa. A genomic library was constructed in lambda gt11 with DNA from A74/O and screened with antibody raised against C. jejuni OMPs. A clone that possessed a 1.3-kb insert and expressed an immunoreactive protein fused to beta -galactosidase was isolated and purified. DNA sequence analysis revealed the insert contained one open reading frame 864 bases long. The deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated 56.3% similarity with Bacillus steorothermophilus glnH, a glutamine-binding protein, and 54.0% similarity with C. jejuni PEB1, a putative colonization adhesin. Southern hybridization, Northern hybridization, and DNA sequence analyses of the congenic colonizing and noncolonizing strains of C. jejuni failed to distinguish the two strains and revealed only one copy of the gene. Post-translational modification may be an alternate explanation for the antigenic differences seen between the two strains. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Hiett, K L AU - Tarplay, A AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Poultry Microbiol. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 360 EP - 366 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence KW - hybridization analysis KW - ompH1 gene KW - OmpH1 protein KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - membrane proteins KW - cloning KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16017016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+of+an+outer+membrane+protein+gene+from+Campylobacter+jejuni&rft.au=Meinersmann%2C+R+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BTarplay%2C+A&rft.aulast=Meinersmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; membrane proteins; cloning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing programs to monitor ecosystem health and effectiveness of management practices on lakes states national forests, USA AN - 16007974; 4080865 AB - Assessing accomplishment of management objectives related to ecosystem health requires monitoring key indicators, including ecological processes and components of biological diversity. For these purposes, a monitoring plan was developed on the Chequamegon National Forest. It was refined by use of public workshops and technical consultation, and later adjusted based on practicality and additional inventory needs. To date, monitoring has focused on plants and birds, including long-term baseline monitoring in both managed forest and more natural areas. Monitoring is done at both the national forest and the ranger district levels, a forest subunit, the latter usually focusing on specific projects rather than forest-wide ecosystem health concerns. Examples from the Laurentian ranger district of the Superior National Forest are provided. Future assessments will require qualitative, quantitative and spatial analyses of community, ecosystem, habitat and population trends and patterns, and management effects. An institutionalized program that focuses on key ecosystem components at various scales, and that involves concerned publics and many partners, will be necessary to provide feedback to refine forest management. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Vora, R S AD - USDA Forest Serv., 318 Forest. Rd., Aurora, MN 55705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 289 EP - 302 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - environmental monitoring KW - USA KW - ecosystem management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16007974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Developing+programs+to+monitor+ecosystem+health+and+effectiveness+of+management+practices+on+lakes+states+national+forests%2C+USA&rft.au=Vora%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Vora&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; ecosystem management; environmental monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural erosion rates and their prediction in the Idaho batholith AN - 15983694; 4075828 AB - Natural rates of surface erosion on forested granitic soils in central Idaho were measured in 40 m super(2) bordered erosion plots over a period of four years. In addition, we measured a variety of site variables, soil properties, and summer rainstorm intensities in order to relate erosion rates to site attributes. Median winter erosion rates are approximately twice summer period rates, however mean summer rates are nearly twice winter rates because of infrequent high erosion caused by summer rainstorms. Regression equation models and regression tree models were constructed to explore relationships between erosion and factors that control erosion rates. Ground cover is the single factor that has the greatest influence on erosion rates during both summer and winter periods. Rainstorm intensity (erosivity index) strongly influences summer erosion rates, even on soils with high ground cover percentages. Few summer storms were of sufficient duration and intensity to cause rilling on the plots, and the data set was too small to elucidate differences in rill vs. interrill erosion. The regression tree models are relatively less biased than the regression equations developed, and explained 70 and 84 percent of the variability in summer and winter erosion rates, respectively. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Clayton, J L AU - Megahan, W F AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., 316 E. Myrtle St., Boise, ID 83702, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 689 EP - 704 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - ground cover KW - geological erosion KW - USA, Idaho Batholith KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil genesis KW - soil properties KW - watershed management KW - erosion rates KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15983694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Natural+erosion+rates+and+their+prediction+in+the+Idaho+batholith&rft.au=Clayton%2C+J+L%3BMegahan%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion rates; soil properties; watershed management; soil genesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of microorganisms for biological control of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) of potato tubers AN - 15977603; 4072019 AB - Few management strategies exist for silver scurf, an important postharvest disease of potatoes. In this study, the microbiota of 47 agricultural soils and 7 tuber samples was screened for biological control agents of silver scurf. Soil or periderm samples were transferred to separate samples of gamma irradiation-sterilized field soil enriched with potato periderm. After incubation, the samples were assayed for biological suppressiveness to silver scurf using a whole-tuber/infested soil assay. Over 430 isolates of bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes were recovered from tubers and soil associated with the 12 most suppressive soil samples. Thirteen strains were selected for further study on three different strains of Helminthosporium solani, including one that was resistant to thiabendazole. Microbial strains that significantly inhibited H. solani (P less than or equal to 0.05) in at least one experiment were identified as Pseudomonas putida (PM1), Nocardia globerula (S244), and Xanthomonas campestris (P76). Colonization studies with rifampicin-resistant strains of putative biological control agents revealed that long-term colonization of the tuber surface was not necessary to reduce disease symptoms. Highly variable levels of conidiophore production prevented selection of the single most suppressive strain. Possible sources of variability in biological control are discussed, including physiological age of the tuber, tuber infection in the field, and uneven free moisture in the storage. JF - Plant Disease AU - Elson, M K AU - Schisler, DA AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res., USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 647 EP - 652 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - silver scurf disease KW - Nocardia globerula KW - thiabendazole KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - Helminthosporium solani KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - resistance KW - post-harvest decay KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15977603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Selection+of+microorganisms+for+biological+control+of+silver+scurf+%28Helminthosporium+solani%29+of+potato+tubers&rft.au=Elson%2C+M+K%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Elson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helminthosporium solani; Pseudomonas putida; Xanthomonas campestris; Solanum tuberosum; biological control; post-harvest decay; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural uses of alkaline fluidized bed combustion ash: Case studies AN - 15970058; 4067256 AB - Successful programmes were developed by Ahlstrom Development Ash Corporation and Air Products and Chemicals for using fluidized bed combustion ash as a substitute for agricultural lime on daily farms in northern New York state and on fruit and nut crops in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The companies developed these programmes by utilizing the methodology developed through USDA-ARS research and working closely with agricultural consultants and regulatory agencies to ensure that the ash applications were both agronomically and environmentally sound. JF - Fuel AU - Stout, W L AU - Daily, M R AU - Nickeson, T L AU - Svendsen, R L AU - Thompson, G P AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 767 EP - 769 VL - 76 IS - 8 SN - 0016-2361, 0016-2361 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - alkaline wastes KW - land application KW - agriculture KW - waste reuse KW - combustion KW - ash KW - fluidized beds KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15970058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel&rft.atitle=Agricultural+uses+of+alkaline+fluidized+bed+combustion+ash%3A+Case+studies&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BDaily%2C+M+R%3BNickeson%2C+T+L%3BSvendsen%2C+R+L%3BThompson%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel&rft.issn=00162361&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluidized beds; combustion; ash; alkaline wastes; agriculture; land application; waste reuse ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of gene loci controlling pectate lyase production and soft-rot pathogenicity in Pseudomonas marginalis. AN - 79016636; 9165701 AB - Pseudomonas marginalis is an important postharvest pathogen capable of causing soft rot in a wide variety of harvested fruits and vegetables. Following transposon mutagenesis, we isolated two groups of P. marginalis CY091 mutants deficient in production of pectate lyase (Pel) and soft-rot pathogenicity in plants. The first group, designated Pel-, was caused by the insertion of Tn5 into a pel structural gene, and the second group, designated LemA-, was caused by the insertion of Tn5 into a regulatory locus corresponding to the lemA gene previously identified in other Gram-negative bacteria. The LemA- mutants also exhibited alteration in colony morphology and showed deficiency in production of protease (Prt). A cosmid clone pCIC carrying the P. marginalis lemA gene was isolated and characterized. pCIC was capable of restoring Pel production and soft-rot pathogenicity in LemA- mutants of P. marginalis and Pseudomonas viridiflava, indicating that the function of lemA gene in these two pseudomonads was similar and interchangeable. Using MudI-mediated mutagenesis, we isolated a third group of P. marginalis mutants deficient in production of Pel, Prt, and soft-rot pathogenicity. Mutants in this group (designated GacA-1) contained an insertion of MudI in a locus corresponding to the gacA gene of P. viridiflava. Like LemA- mutants, GacA- mutants also exhibited alteration in colony morphology and showed deficiency in production of Pel and Prt. However, GacA- mutants produced much lower levels of levan and fluorescent pyoverdine siderophore than the wild type and LemA- mutants. These results provide the first genetic evidence that P. marginalis produces a single alkaline Pel for maceration of plant tissue and demonstrate that production of Pel, Prt, levan, and pyoverdin by this bacterium is mediated by the two-component lemA/gacA gene system. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Liao, C H AU - McCallus, D E AU - Fett, W F AU - Kang, Y AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. cliao@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 425 EP - 431 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Fructans KW - GacA protein, Bacteria KW - Siderophores KW - Transcription Factors KW - lemA protein, bacterial KW - EC 2.7.3.- KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases KW - EC 4.2.2.- KW - pectate lyase KW - EC 4.2.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Food Microbiology KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Fructans -- biosynthesis KW - Siderophores -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Pseudomonas -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- biosynthesis KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79016636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+gene+loci+controlling+pectate+lyase+production+and+soft-rot+pathogenicity+in+Pseudomonas+marginalis.&rft.au=Liao%2C+C+H%3BMcCallus%2C+D+E%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BKang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a mycorrhizal fungus and/or rhizobium on growth and biomass partitioning of subterranean clover exposed to ozone AN - 755134540; 13633944 AB - The influence of soilborne symbionts such as rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi on plant response to ozone (O sub(3)) has not been well defined. Leguminous plants in the field are infected by both types of organisms, which influence plant nutrition and growth. We studied the effects of infection withRhizobium leguminosarum biovartrifolii and/orGigaspora margarita on response of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv Mt. Barker) to O sub(3). Exposures were conducted in greenhouse CSTR chambers using four O sub(3) concentrations [charcoal-filtered (CF), 50, 100, or 150 ppb; 6 h day super(-1), 5 day wk super(-1) for 12 weeks] as main plots (replicated). Four inoculum types were subplot treatments, i.e., inoculated with one, both, or neither microorganisms. At 2-wk intervals, plants were exposed to super(14)CO sub(2) and harvested 24 h later for determination of biomass and super(14)C content of shoots and roots. Ozone at 100 or 150 ppb suppressed clover growth during the experiment. Inoculation withG. margarita alone suppressed clover growth by the last two harvests, whereasR. leguminosarum alone enhanced growth during this time period. When both symbionts were present, the plants grew similarly to the noninoculated controls. Shoot/root ratios were increased by 100 or 150 ppb O sub(3) compared to that for CF-treated plants. Shoot/root ratios were greater for all inoculated plants compared to noninoculated controls. Under low O sub(3) stress (CF or 50 ppb), plants inoculated with bothR. leguminosarum andG. margarita transported a greater proportion of recent photosynthate ( super(14)C) to roots than did noninoculated plants; we attribute this to metabolic requirements of the microorganisms. At the highest level of O sub(3) stress (150 ppb), this did not occur, probably because little photosynthate was available and the shoots retained most of it for repair of injury. Statistically significant interactions occurred between O sub(3) and inoculum types for shoot and total biomass. When averaged across harvests, 50 ppb O sub(3) suppressed biomass in the plants inoculated withG. margarita alone. Apparently, the mycorrhizal fungus is such a significant C drain that even a small amount of O sub(3) stress suppresses plant growth under these conditions. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Miller, Joseph E AU - Shafer, Steven R AU - Schoeneberger, Michele M AU - Pursley, Walter A AU - Horton, Stephanie J AU - Davey, Charles B AD - USDA-ARS Air Quality Program, Department of Crop Science, Univ. of Nebraska, 68583, Lincoln, NE Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 233 EP - 248 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 96 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Statistical analysis KW - Roots KW - Trifolium subterraneum KW - Growth KW - plant growth KW - greenhouses KW - infection KW - shoots KW - Inoculum KW - Ozone concentration KW - plant nutrition KW - Ozone KW - Bacteria KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Symbionts KW - Fungi KW - Stress KW - Soil contamination KW - Biomass KW - Photosynthates KW - Soil pollution KW - Shoots KW - Rhizobium KW - Microorganisms KW - Ozone control KW - K 03490:Miscellaneous KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755134540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+mycorrhizal+fungus+and%2For+rhizobium+on+growth+and+biomass+partitioning+of+subterranean+clover+exposed+to+ozone&rft.au=Miller%2C+Joseph+E%3BShafer%2C+Steven+R%3BSchoeneberger%2C+Michele+M%3BPursley%2C+Walter+A%3BHorton%2C+Stephanie+J%3BDavey%2C+Charles+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02407207 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shoots; Symbionts; Inoculum; Microorganisms; Stress; Roots; Photosynthates; Biomass; Ozone; Soil pollution; Atmospheric pollution; Statistical analysis; Ozone concentration; Ozone control; Injuries; Fungi; Soil contamination; Growth; plant growth; shoots; infection; greenhouses; plant nutrition; Bacteria; Trifolium subterraneum; Rhizobium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407207 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the soil resources of Africa in relation to productivity AN - 52720622; 1997-038456 AB - Africa, with a total land mass of about 30.7 million km (super 2) and a population exceeding 746 million persons, has generally lagged behind in agricultural development. Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding South Africa) is the poorest developing region, with 29 out of 34 countries being some of the poorest in the world. The purpose of this study is to develop a Soil Taxonomy map, based on the FAO Soil Map of the World, which together with other data, is used to make continent-level assessments of land productivity and sustainability. Prime land occupies about 9.6% of Africa and the lands with high potential occupy an area of about 6.7%. The medium- and low-potential lands, which together occupy 28.3% of the area have major constraints for low-input agriculture. Resource-poor farmers who live on these lands have high risks and, generally, the probability of agriculture failure is high to very high. The remaining about 55% of the land consists of deserts or other lands with major constraints even for low-input agriculture. The desert margins have nomadic grazing which with increasing animal population is stressing the environment. A soil quality analysis and an evaluation of sustainable production, based only on biophysical considerations, suggest the need for major investments to enhance the productivity of the soil resources of this continent. JF - Geoderma AU - Eswaran, Hari AU - Almaraz, Russell AU - van den Berg, Evert AU - Reich, Paul Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - soils KW - imagery KW - natural resources KW - Africa KW - mapping KW - land use KW - color imagery KW - productivity KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52720622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+soil+resources+of+Africa+in+relation+to+productivity&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+Hari%3BAlmaraz%2C+Russell%3Bvan+den+Berg%2C+Evert%3BReich%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=Hari&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Document feature - 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; color imagery; imagery; land use; mapping; natural resources; productivity; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expanded models for the non-thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 1855073228; PQ0003957804 AB - Previously developed four-variable response surface models for describing the effects of temperature, pH/lactic acid, sodium chloride and sodium nitrite on the time to achieve a 4-log, non-thermal inactivation (t sub(4D)) of Listeria monocytogenes in aerobic, acidic environments were expanded to five-variable models that distinguish the effects of pH and acidulant concentration. A total of 18 new variable combinations were evaluated and the inactivation kinetics data appended onto a consolidation of two data sets from earlier studies. The consolidated data set, which included 315 inactivation curves representing 209 unique combinations of the five variables, was analysed by response surface analysis. The quadratic model without backward elimination regression was selected for further evaluation. Three additional quadratic models were generated using the concentrations of undissociated lactic and/or nitrous acids as variables in place of percentage lactic acid and sodium nitrite concentration. Comparison of predicted t sub(4D) values against literature values for various food systems indicated that the models provide reasonable initial estimates of the inactivation of L. monocytogenes. The models based on the concentration of undissociated lactic and nitrous acids support the hypothesis that antimicrobial activity is associated with this form of the compounds. Evaluation of several examples suggests that these models may be useful for predicting the equivalent of the compounds''minimal inhibitory concentrations'for accelerating inactivation under various conditions. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Golden, M H AU - Phillips, J G AD - USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Centre, Wyndmoor, PA, Food Safety Research Unit. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 567 EP - 577 PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., 1105 N Market St Wilmington DE 19801 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Data processing KW - Food KW - Sodium nitrite KW - Models KW - nitrous acid KW - Kinetics KW - Lactic acid KW - Regression analysis KW - pH effects KW - Sodium chloride KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855073228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expanded+models+for+the+non-thermal+inactivation+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BGolden%2C+M+H%3BPhillips%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2672.1997.tb03587.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; nitrous acid; Antimicrobial activity; Data processing; Food; Kinetics; Regression analysis; Lactic acid; Sodium nitrite; pH effects; Sodium chloride; Models; Listeria monocytogenes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03587.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and Characterization of Forested Wetlands in the Carolinas and Virginia AN - 16554676; 4372652 AB - Recent forest inventories of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, included sampling for hydric vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Forest samples that met all 3 of these criteria were classified as forested wetland. This study characterizes wetland forests by extent, owner, age, forest type, physiography, volume, growth, and removals, and evaluates its contribution to the timber supply. Wetland stands comprise 8.1 million ac, or 17% of the forests in the 3 States. They are over 90% privately owned, they vary widely by type and physiography, and they contribute 21% of all removals. Classification of wetland area based simply on broad management class and physiography will result in inaccurate estimates. JF - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Brown, MJ AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC 28802, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 64 EP - 70 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0148-4419, 0148-4419 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - USA, South Carolina KW - USA, Virginia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Classification KW - Estimating KW - Forests KW - Wetlands KW - Sampling KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16554676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+Characterization+of+Forested+Wetlands+in+the+Carolinas+and+Virginia&rft.au=Brown%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=01484419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification; Spatial distribution; Estimating; Forests; Wetlands; Sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and environmental parameters for ovulation rate, twinning rate, and weight traits in a cattle population selected for twinning AN - 16539315; 4409946 AB - A project was implemented in 1981 with the objective of increasing twinning rate in cattle. Daughters of foundation sires had twin calves at a frequency of from 8 to 13%, and foundation females had twin calves at an average frequency of 50%. Data were analyzed on twinning rate, ovulation rate, and weight traits. The h super(2) of ovulation rate increased from .11 to .38 for a single estrous cycle to the mean of eight estrous cycles. From all data, h super(2) for single observation of ovulation rate and twinning rate were .10 and .09, respectively. The r sub(g) between them was .75. The h super(2) of weight traits ranged from .42 to .54 when weight traits were analyzed pair-wise with ovulation rate and with twinning rate. The r sub(g) between weight traits with ovulation rate ranged from .15 to .30 and with twinning rate ranged from .24 to .39. Phenotypic mean twinning rate increased from 1.07 to 1.29 calves per parturition for females born 1981 through 1993, and adjusted mean predicted breeding value (PBV) increased from 1.07 to 1.33 calves per parturition. Phenotypic mean ovulation rate for fall of 1984 through fall 1994 birth groups increased from 1.11 to 1.26 per estrous cycle, and adjusted mean PBV for ovulation rate increased from 1.11 to 1.29 per estrous cycle. Because of the high r sub(g) (i.e., .75) between ovulation rate and twinning rate, and because of a h super(2) of .35 for ovulation rate for the mean of six estrous cycles, repeated records of ovulation rate in puberal heifers is an effective indirect selection criterion for twinning rate. The positive r sub(g) between growth traits and ovulation and twinning rate suggest the need for some compromise when the selection goal is increased twinning rate with no increase in growth and size. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Gregory, KE AU - Bennett, G L AU - Van Vleck, LD AU - Echternkamp, SE AU - Cundiff, LV AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1213 EP - 1222 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - animal breeding KW - body weight KW - cattle KW - ovulation KW - twins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+environmental+parameters+for+ovulation+rate%2C+twinning+rate%2C+and+weight+traits+in+a+cattle+population+selected+for+twinning&rft.au=Gregory%2C+KE%3BBennett%2C+G+L%3BVan+Vleck%2C+LD%3BEchternkamp%2C+SE%3BCundiff%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of lettuce chlorosis virus naturally infecting sugar beets in California AN - 16307242; 4247432 AB - Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants showing interveinal yellowing and thickened leaves were collected from two fields in Imperial County, CA, for disease assessment in January 1996. Yellowing symptoms were wide-spread in these fields during the winter of 1995 to 1996. Initial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with polyclonal antiserum (ATCC) for beet western yellows virus were consistently negative. Inoculations with Bemisia tabaci "B" biotype (B. argentifolii) whiteflies onto the indicator plants Chenopodium capitatum, C. murale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and sugar beet resulted in interveinal yellowing, reddening, and thickened leaves characteristic of whitefly-transmitted closteroviruses (1). Western blot (immunoblot) analyses were performed with antisera to the purified virions of lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV) and lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV). Tissue extracts from original beet plants representing two fields and from all subsequent whitefly-inoculated indicator plants consistently showed a single band at ca. 32 kDa, reported to be the molecular mass for LCV capsid protein. Corresponding Western blot analyses for LIYV with the same tissue extracts were negative. No reactions were observed in Western blot assays with tissue extracts from healthy plants. Although sugar beet is a host for LCV as shown by laboratory experiments (1), this is the first report of a natural infection of LCV in sugar beet. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wisler, G C AU - Duffus, JE AU - Gerik, J S AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 550 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - diagnostic agents KW - immunoassays KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16307242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+lettuce+chlorosis+virus+naturally+infecting+sugar+beets+in+California&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BDuffus%2C+JE%3BGerik%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germplasm evaluation of Glycine max for resistance to Fusarium solani, the causal organism of sudden death syndrome AN - 16302472; 4247423 AB - Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is an important soybean disease that potentially can be controlled by host plant resistance. In this study, over 800 soybean plant introductions (PIs), lines, and cultivars were screened for resistance to Fusarium solani. Of 728 PIs from China, PI 567.374 had mean foliar SDS severities significantly (P = 0.05) lower than PI 520.733 (resistant check) in both growth-chamber and greenhouse tests. In addition, PIs 567.315, 567.441C, 567.650B, and 567.664 had mean SDS severity ratings significantly (P = 0.05) lower than PI 520.733 in a growth-chamber test. Of 16 soybean cyst nematode-resistant entries tested, 5 had values lower than the resistant check, PI 520.733, with cv. Hartwig significantly lower in the first trial. In trial two, no entries were lower than the resistant check, although cvs. Bell and Hartwig were not significantly different from PI 520.733. In another experiment, few soybean cultivars or experimental lines had SDS severity ratings lower than PI 520.733 in any one of three trials. Some of the newly acquired PIs from China that exhibited low foliar SDS severity ratings may provide the sources of resistance needed to develop new SDS-resistant soybean breeding lines and cultivars. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hartman, G L AU - Huang, Y H AU - Nelson, R L AU - Noel, G R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., and Dep. Crop Sci., 70 EASB, 1101 W. Peabody, Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-4723, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 515 EP - 518 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - germplasm KW - infection KW - resistance KW - symptoms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16302472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Germplasm+evaluation+of+Glycine+max+for+resistance+to+Fusarium+solani%2C+the+causal+organism+of+sudden+death+syndrome&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BHuang%2C+Y+H%3BNelson%2C+R+L%3BNoel%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractal dimensions for volume and surface of interaggregate pores -- scale effects AN - 16264504; 4273232 AB - Geometrical attributes of pore systems in soil have shown fractal scaling. Scaling in natural materials is inherently statistical, i.e., fractal dimensions may change with scale. While fractal dimensions characterizing pore surface roughness, D sub(s), or scaling of pore sizes, D sub(v), have been reported, seldom are both measurements made at more than one scale. We examine a scale effect on D sub(v) and D sub(s) values, and relationships between fractal dimensions of both properties. Natural and artificial types of soil structure were studied in a Normania soil. Natural soil structure was sampled from experiments involving: (1) three primary tillage tools, sampled immediately after tillage; and (2) three tillage systems, sampled after consolidation. Artificial soil structure was formed in columns packed with aggregate assemblies that included two single aggregate-size fractions, and two mixtures of six aggregate-size fractions (each covering two ranges) made to obtain fractal aggregate-size distributions. Block-like samples from all sources were resin-impregnated in situ and a face was cut and polished. Images of UV-illuminated faces were obtained at three magnifications and then pooled into two groups. A box-counting technique was applied to area and outline of pores to obtain D sub(v-box), and D sub(s-box), respectively; D sub(s) was also calculated from area-perimeter relations (D sub(s-AP)). Box-count data showed two segments: D sub(v-box), and D sub(s-box) were evaluated in relation to each segment and to D sub(s-AP). Coefficients of determination in the relation D sub(s-AP) vs D sub(s-box) were relatively low, indicating discrepancies between the two methods. Fractal dimensions were not scale-invariant. Values of D sub(s-box) for aggregate assemblies decreased with resolution, especially for single aggregate-size fractions. Values of D sub(v-box) were more influenced by aggregate size than resolution. Both D sub(s-box) and D sub(v-box) varied with resolution for freshly tilled soil. For somewhat consolidated soil, variations in values of both fractal dimensions were related to tillage systems. Values of D sub(s-box) and D sub(v-box) were highly correlated, with linear relations depending on magnification and type of soil structure. JF - Geoderma AU - Gimenez, D AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Nater, E A AU - Huggins AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrology Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 19 EP - 38 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16264504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Fractal+dimensions+for+volume+and+surface+of+interaggregate+pores+--+scale+effects&rft.au=Gimenez%2C+D%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BNater%2C+E+A%3BHuggins&rft.aulast=Gimenez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mexican fruit fly attractants: Effects of 1-pyrroline and other amines on attractiveness of a mixture of ammonia, methylamine, and putrescine AN - 16259116; 4239448 AB - Several amines were tested alone and in combination with AMPu, an attractant mixture containing ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, methylamine hydrochloride, and putrescine, for attractiveness to Mexican fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens Loew). In laboratory bioassay, 1-pyrroline, 3-pyrroline, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, spermidine, spermine, and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly more attractive than solvent controls. In orchard tests, traps baited with combinations of AMPu with dimethylamine hydrochloride, ethylamine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, or pyrrolidine captured fewer flies than traps baited with AMPu alone. Traps containing AMPu plus additional ammonium bicarbonate were much less attractive than AMPu alone. Combinations of AMPu with 1-pyrroline were about 50% more attractive than AMPu alone to both males and females. Combinations of AMPu with 3-pyrroline were not significantly more attractive than AMPu alone. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Demilo, AB AU - Voaden, D J AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1263 EP - 1280 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 1-pyrroline KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - amines KW - ammonia KW - attractants KW - methylamine KW - putrescine KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16259116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Mexican+fruit+fly+attractants%3A+Effects+of+1-pyrroline+and+other+amines+on+attractiveness+of+a+mixture+of+ammonia%2C+methylamine%2C+and+putrescine&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BDemilo%2C+AB%3BVoaden%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased attraction of Anastrepha ludens to combinations of two types of synthetic lures in a citrus orchard AN - 16258698; 4239449 AB - Combinations of the previously developed attractants CEHO from host fruit aroma and AMPu from volatile metabolites of amino acids were evaluated for attractiveness to gamma-irradiated Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens, in a citrus orchard. In one experiment, McPhail traps with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lures loaded with CEHO (10:1:1:50 mixture of 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, hexanol, and ethyl octanoate) were more attractive than blank traps. McPhail traps with AMPu (10:10:1 mixture of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO traps. Traps containing both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps containing AMPu alone. In another experiment, sticky yellow panels and spheres were used to compare attractiveness of the same two attractants in different formulations. Sticky traps baited with membrane formulations of CEHO (10:1:1:10 mixture of the chemicals listed above) were not significantly attractive. Sticky traps with polypropylene tubes containing an agar formulation of AMPu (6:10:1 mixture of ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO baited traps. As in the first experiment, traps with both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps with AMPu alone. Results indicate that attractive host-odor volatiles and attractive amino-acid metabolites interact negatively with regard to attractiveness to the Mexican fruit fly. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Heath, R R AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1253 EP - 1262 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - attraction KW - lures KW - orchards KW - traps KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16258698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Decreased+attraction+of+Anastrepha+ludens+to+combinations+of+two+types+of+synthetic+lures+in+a+citrus+orchard&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Role of host- and plant-related volatiles AN - 16254566; 4226716 AB - The specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson can parasitize only noctuid larvae in the genera Helicoverpa and Heliothis. To be successful in their search for hosts, the ability to distinguish hosts from nonhosts feeding on the same plant is beneficial. In flight tunnel experiments, we found that prior to landing on the odor source M. croceipes were able to distinguish volatiles released from frass of host larvae (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and nonhost larvae (Spodoptera exigua Huebner and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) fed on cotton. However, an initial contact experience with frass of cotton-fed host larvae appeared to be critical for this ability. Wasps that had antennated frass of host larvae fed pinto bean diet were equally attracted to frass of host and nonhost larvae fed on pinto bean diet. In short-range walking experiments, wasps located cotton-fed host larvae faster than diet-fed larvae, regardless of their experience. Wasps that had antennated frass of cotton-fed host larvae were less attracted to cotton-fed nonhost larvae, compared to host larvae, and preferred to sting host larvae. Plant-related volatiles in host frass and larvae appear to play a major role in the successful location of host larvae. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Roese, USR AU - Alborn, H T AU - Makranczy, G AU - Lewis, W J AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - USDA-ARS, Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604-2565, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 313 EP - 330 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - host plants KW - host selection KW - parasitoids KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16254566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Host+recognition+by+the+specialist+endoparasitoid+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%3A+Role+of+host-+and+plant-related+volatiles&rft.au=Roese%2C+USR%3BAlborn%2C+H+T%3BMakranczy%2C+G%3BLewis%2C+W+J%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Roese&rft.aufirst=USR&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of atmospheric CO sub(2) on longleaf pine: Productivity and allocation as influence by nitrogen and water AN - 16116287; 4215439 AB - Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings were exposed to two concentrations of atmospheric CO sub(2) (365 or 720 mu mol mol super(-1)) in combination with two N treatments (40 or 400 kg N ha super(-1) year super(-1)) and two irrigation treatments (target values of -0.5 or -1.5 MPa xylem pressure potential) in open-top chambers from March 1993 through November 1994. Irrigation treatments were imposed after seedling establishment (i.e., 19 weeks after planting). Seedlings were harvested at 4, 8, 12, and 20 months. Elevated CO sub(2) increased biomass production only in the high-N treatment, and the relative growth enhancement was greater for the root system than for the shoot system. In water-stressed trees, elevated CO sub(2) increased root biomass only at the final harvest. Root:shoot ratios were usually increased by both the elevated CO sub(2) and low-N treatments. In the elevated CO sub(2) treatment, water-stressed trees had a higher root:shoot ratio than well-watered trees as a result of a drought-induced increase in the proportion of plant biomass in roots. Well-watered seedlings consistently grew larger than water-stressed seedlings only in the high-N treatment. We conclude that available soil N was the controlling resource for the growth response to elevated CO sub(2) in this study. Although some growth enhancement was observed in water-stressed trees in the elevated CO sub(2) treatment, this response was contingent on available soil N. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Prior, SA AU - Runion, G B AU - Mitchell, R J AU - Rogers, H H AU - Amthor, J S AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Dynamics Lab., P.O. Box 3439, Auburn, AL 36831-3439, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 397 EP - 405 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Longleaf pine KW - Pinus palustris KW - toxicity testing KW - pollution effects KW - carbon dioxide KW - nitrogen KW - Pine Trees KW - Water Stress KW - Productivity KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - biomass KW - air pollution KW - irrigation KW - seedlings KW - phytotoxicity KW - trees KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+on+longleaf+pine%3A+Productivity+and+allocation+as+influence+by+nitrogen+and+water&rft.au=Prior%2C+SA%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BMitchell%2C+R+J%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BAmthor%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; carbon dioxide; seedlings; phytotoxicity; irrigation; biomass; trees; nitrogen; air pollution; Pine Trees; Water Stress; Productivity; toxicity testing; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of airflow on ion distribution for potential dust reduction applications AN - 16116252; 4221648 AB - High levels of airborne dust and microorganisms are continuing health concerns for animals and workers in enclosed animal housing. One approach that has been used to reduce indoor dust and microorganisms involves generation of a space charge of negative air ions which will charge dust particles and cause them to be precipitated out quickly or attached to oppositely charged surfaces. In the present study, three types of negative air ion generators were tested at direct current voltages ranging from -8 kV to -15 kV and air velocities from 0 to 200 m/min to quantify their effects on ion density distribution. Ion distribution increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) and almost proportionally with power supply voltage and with air velocity. Compared to ambient ion density levels of about -5,000 ions/cm super(3), a common ceiling fan was able to extend negative ion density levels of 50,000 ions/cm super(3) out to 3 m from the Ceiling Ionizer and the Room Ionizer System, and the In-Duct Ionizer, which operated on compressed air, was able to extend these levels out to 5 m. Since plus or minus 50,000 ions/cm super(3) has been demonstrated to have a lethal effect on airborne bacteria and to be effective for reducing airborne dust, the ability of common air moving devices to distribute this level of ion density 3 to 5 m away from the ion generator suggests that these devices could easily be effectively used to reduce dust and airborne microorganisms in a variety of applications with the addition of appropriate blowers or air moving devices. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Mitchell, B W AD - Southeast Poultry Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5657, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 81 EP - 89 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - animal housing KW - airborne microorganisms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - dust KW - indoor environments KW - occupational exposure KW - electrostatic precipitators KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Effect+of+airflow+on+ion+distribution+for+potential+dust+reduction+applications&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - indoor environments; occupational exposure; dust; electrostatic precipitators; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generic HACCP application in broiler slaughter and processing AN - 16106463; 4208292 AB - The Meat and Poultry Working Group of the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria in Foods (NACMCF) has prepared a generic Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan for the slaughter and processing of raw broiler chickens. This report includes a review of existing scientific information, a hazard analysis, and use of this information to develop a generic HACCP plan that focuses on the microbiological safety of raw broiler products. This generic plan provides general guidance material for manufacturers to use in developing plant-specific plans. A brief discussion of the role of regulatory agencies and industry in HACCP is also presented. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - McNamara, A M AD - Executive Secretariat, FSIS, Rm. 3175 South Bldg., Independence Ave. S.W., Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 579 EP - 604 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - food contamination KW - poultry KW - Quality control KW - abattoirs KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Generic+HACCP+application+in+broiler+slaughter+and+processing&rft.au=McNamara%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; poultry; abattoirs; food contamination; food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A halophytic crop for drainage water reuse systems AN - 16093860; 4200151 JF - Plant and Soil AU - Grieve, C M AU - Suarez, D L AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 277 EP - 283 VL - 192 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - agricultural water KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Impaired Water Use KW - Water Reuse KW - Salinity KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - Drainage KW - Salt Tolerance KW - Irrigation Water KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16093860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Purslane+%28Portulaca+oleracea+L.%29%3A+A+halophytic+crop+for+drainage+water+reuse+systems&rft.au=Grieve%2C+C+M%3BSuarez%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Grieve&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drainage; Water Reuse; Salt Tolerance; Irrigation Water; Impaired Water Use; Salinity; USA, California, San Joaquin Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with the presence of Escherichia coli O157 in feces of feedlot cattle AN - 16089065; 4116781 AB - Fecal samples were collected from pens of cattle in a total of 100 feedlots in 13 states. Fecal samples were cultured for Escherichia coli O157. E. coli O157 isolates were probed for the genetic coding for verotoxin production. At the time of sample collection, data were collected on the type of cattle present in the pen, as well as the length of time these cattle were in the feedlot, ingredients for the current ration, and cattle health history since arriving in the feedlot. Factors associated with increased likelihood of a pen being positive (one or more samples probe-positive for E. coli O157) included feeding of barley (odds ratio [OR] = 2.75) and cattle being on feed less than 20 days (OR = 3.39). Factors associated with a reduced likelihood of a pen being positive included feeding soy meal (OR = 0.50), a cattle entry weight of at least 700 lb (ca. 317.5 kg) (OR = 0.54), and at least 85% of the cattle in the pen being beef-type heifers (OR = .33). JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dargatz, DA AU - Wells, S J AU - Thomas, LA AU - Hancock, D D AU - Garber, L P AD - USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Serv., Centers for Epidemiol. and Animal Health, 555 S. Howes, Ft. Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 466 EP - 470 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - risk factors KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - intestinal microflora KW - Escherichia coli KW - feces KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16089065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+the+presence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+feces+of+feedlot+cattle&rft.au=Dargatz%2C+DA%3BWells%2C+S+J%3BThomas%2C+LA%3BHancock%2C+D+D%3BGarber%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Dargatz&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; feces; intestinal microflora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic architecture and water relations of a flood-tolerant tropical tree, Annona glabra AN - 16087744; 4112608 AB - Hydraulic architecture parameters, water relation parameters and wood anatomy were studied in roots and shoots of the flood-tolerant tree Annona glabra L. on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Hydraulic conductivity, leaf specific conductivity, and Huber value were similar to the corresponding values for tree species living in non-flooded habitats. The vulnerability of stems to loss of hydraulic conductivity resulting from embolism was low (50% loss of conductivity at -3.3 MPa). The lowest leaf water potential measured in the field was about -1.0 MPa, indicating that A. glabra has a large margin of safety from embolism, which may provide protection against rare drought events, or may be an adaptation to brackish mangrove habitats. Low absolute conductivity of roots was compensated for by an increase in the number of roots. More than two-thirds of whole-plant resistance to water flow was located in the roots. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Zotz, G AU - Tyree, M T AU - Patino, S AD - USDA Forest Serv., 705 Spear St., Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 359 EP - 365 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Huber value KW - vulnerability curve KW - Panama, Barro Colorado Island KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - flooding KW - tropical regions KW - specific conductivity KW - water potentials KW - leaves KW - permeability coefficient KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16087744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+architecture+and+water+relations+of+a+flood-tolerant+tropical+tree%2C+Annona+glabra&rft.au=Zotz%2C+G%3BTyree%2C+M+T%3BPatino%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zotz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - permeability coefficient; tropical regions; specific conductivity; flooding; leaves; water potentials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved electroporation protocol and vectors for Streptococcus bovis AN - 16065302; 4106379 AB - An improved method for electroporation of the ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis was developed. The organism was grown aerobically in hyperosmotic medium in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) glycine, and electroporation was carried out in a sucrose-glycerol solution with a field strength of 12.5 kV/cm, 200 Omega resistance and 25 mu F capacitance. Electroporation efficiencies of 0.5 to 2.0 x 10 super(5) transformants/ mu g DNA were achieved. Improved vectors for S. bovis were developed that include a multiple cloning site, and also a promoter region from the S. bovis intracellular amylase gene that may serve as an expression system for foreign genes. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Wyckoff, HA AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 269 EP - 272 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - expression vectors KW - electroporation KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16065302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Improved+electroporation+protocol+and+vectors+for+Streptococcus+bovis&rft.au=Wyckoff%2C+HA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Wyckoff&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - expression vectors; electroporation; Streptococcus bovis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of corn fibre sugars by an engineered xylose utilizing Saccharomyces yeast strain AN - 16064763; 4106388 AB - The ability of a recombinant Saccharomyces yeast strain to ferment the sugars glucose, xylose, arabinose and galactose which are the predominant monosaccharides found in corn fibre hydrolysates has been examined. Saccharomyces strain 1400 (pLNH32) was genetically engineered to ferment xylose by expressing genes encoding a xylose reductase, a xylitol dehydrogenase and a xylulose kinase. The recombinant efficiently fermented xylose alone or in the presence of glucose. Xylose-grown cultures had very little difference in xylitol accumulation, with only 4 to 5 g/l accumulating, in aerobic, micro-aerated and anaerobic conditions. Highest production of ethanol with all sugars was achieved under anaerobic conditions. From a mixture of glucose (80 g/l) and xylose (40 g/l), this strain produced 52 g/l ethanol, equivalent to 85% of theoretical yield, in less than 24 h. Using a mixture of glucose (31 g/l), xylose (15.2 g/l), arabinose (10.5 g/l) and galactose (2 g/l), all of the sugars except arabinose were consumed in 24 h with an accumulation of 22 g ethanol/l, a 90% yield (excluding the arabinose in the calculation since it is not fermented). Approximately 98% theoretical yield, or 21 g ethanol/l, was achieved using an enzymatic hydrolysate of ammonia fibre exploded corn fibre containing an estimated 47.0 g mixed sugars/l. In all mixed sugar fermentations, less than 25% arabinose was consumed and converted into arabitol. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Dien, B S AU - Skory, C D AU - Chen, Z D AU - Hespell, R B AU - Ho, NWY AU - Dale, B E AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 341 EP - 346 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - sugars KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Saccharomyces KW - Zea mays KW - fermentation KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+corn+fibre+sugars+by+an+engineered+xylose+utilizing+Saccharomyces+yeast+strain&rft.au=Moniruzzaman%2C+M%3BDien%2C+B+S%3BSkory%2C+C+D%3BChen%2C+Z+D%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BHo%2C+NWY%3BDale%2C+B+E%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Moniruzzaman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fermentation; Saccharomyces; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing models of unthinned red pine plantation dynamics using a modified Bakuzis matrix of stand properties AN - 16064282; 4106315 AB - The comprehensive graphical matrix of even-aged stand property inter-dependence, first developed by E.V. Bakuzis, facilitates identification and understanding of the relationship among stand properties. Bakuzis' original matrix of eight stand properties, contained 64 cells, was symmetric, but only about 11 of the 64 relationships had shown enough regularity among species to have been named. In this paper I simplify the Bakuzis matrix by reordering the rows and columns to make a more compact, lower triangular arrangement of eight rules or law-like relationships. I then demonstrate matrix use by looking for structural flaws in two models of unthinned red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation dynamics in the Lake States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan) (STEMS and REDPINE), and one from Ontario (yield tables from Petawawa). Flaws were found in each source of projections. REDPINE violates the Sukachev effect, predicts trees will have larger diameters on poor sites than on good sites, and that site has a significant effect on the mean height-stem frequency relation. All bi-variate relations for the Petawawa data are identical, which violates several rules. The STEMS program does the poorest job of the three methods of predicting unthinned red pine plantation stand development, primarily because site index has very little effect on any of the stand variables. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Leary, R A AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 33 EP - 46 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Norway pine KW - Red pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - plantations KW - models KW - Canada, Ontario KW - USA KW - Pinus resinosa KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Testing+models+of+unthinned+red+pine+plantation+dynamics+using+a+modified+Bakuzis+matrix+of+stand+properties&rft.au=Leary%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus resinosa; USA; Canada, Ontario; models; plantations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of air-drying methods for evaluating the desiccation tolerance of liquid culture-produced blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus AN - 16064237; 4106385 AB - Various drying methods were tested to identify a standard procedure for evaluating the desiccation tolerance of liquid culture-produced blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. Since our work is focused on optimizing fermentation conditions for the production of P. fumosoroseus, the criteria for selecting a drying method included ease of use, moderate spore survival after drying and limited variation in spore survival. Three air-drying methods were tested: P. fumosoroseus blastospores mixed with silica gel, with sand, or with diatomaceous earth. Humidity controlled drying was used in the diatomaceous earth drying method. Blastospore survivals after drying were 19% (C.V. range, 32 to 45%), 82% (C.V. range, 26 to 43%), and 2% (C.V. range 32 to 50%) for the silica gel, sand, and diatomaceous earth methods, respectively. Blastospores dried using the silica gel and sand methods had been rinsed in 0.7 M polyethylene glycol before drying and rehydrated in the same solution for determination of survival. The variation observed within each method was similar. The silica gel drying method was selected as most appropriate for our studies based on moderate blastospore survival (19%) and ease of use. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Cliquet, S AU - Jackson, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 299 EP - 303 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - blastospores KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - desiccation KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+air-drying+methods+for+evaluating+the+desiccation+tolerance+of+liquid+culture-produced+blastospores+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus&rft.au=Cliquet%2C+S%3BJackson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cliquet&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - desiccation; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propagating uncertainty through spatial estimation processes for old-growth subalpine forests using sequential Gaussian simulation in GIS AN - 16063225; 4106321 AB - Based on data from 83 plot locations, the geostatistical Monte Carlo technique of sequential Gaussian simulation (s.G.s.) was used to generate 1000 independent spatially continuous representations of three variables. These were then used in a geographic information system analysis to create maps of relative uncertainty for estimated areas of potential old-growth forest conditions across a 121 hectare first-order subalpine watershed. First, identical selection criteria were applied to each of the 1000 three-layer input sets to determine areas that simultaneously satisfied three old-growth forest conditions for mean stem diameter, percent crown cover, and mean age of overstory stems. This created 1000 equally probable realizations of potential old growth for the study area. An uncertainty image for the potential old-growth forest areas was created by summing these realizations. Cells were selected from the image histogram that indicated the highest proportions of old-growth conditions. Spatially, these results followed those obtained from a similar analysis using kriging. s.G.s. is recommended as a generic spatial Monte Carlo technique that can be used to assess stochastic elements in complex integrated ecological predictions. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Mowrer, H T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - sub-alpine environments KW - geographic information systems KW - D 04150:High altitude environments KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16063225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Propagating+uncertainty+through+spatial+estimation+processes+for+old-growth+subalpine+forests+using+sequential+Gaussian+simulation+in+GIS&rft.au=Mowrer%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Mowrer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; geographic information systems; forests; sub-alpine environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) on fungicide-treated peanut seed in relationship to plant growth and yield AN - 16062828; 4106387 AB - Survival and viability of Bradyrhizobium inoculant on fungicide-treated peanut seed and the resulting effects on nitrogen fixation, plant growth and seed yield were determined. Vitavax and Benomyl had the most and least lethal actions against Bradyrhizobium strains grown on YEM medium containing a fungicide, respectively, while Thiram and Captan effects were intermediate. Survival of Bradyrhizobium USDA 3384 and USDA 3456, as single strain peat inoculants, on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. var. Florunner) seeds treated with Benomyl or Vitavax at the rate of 3 g/kg seed was also examined. Both fungicides inhibited the growth and affected the survival of strain USDA 3384 on peanut seed. Vitavax killed the inoculant in 9 h. In contrast, USDA 3456 resisted both fungicides, and survived for up to 72 h. Nodule formation on greenhouse-grown plants inoculated with USDA 3384 was inhibited by all fungicides. Shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen content significantly decreased as compared to controls. Fungicides, except Vitavax, had a slight effect on nodulation and plant growth when USDA 3456 was used as inoculant. The agronomic importance of fungicide-inoculant interaction was examined in field experiments conducted in Egypt in soil free of peanut-nodulating Bradyrhizobium, where seeds were treated with a combination of two fungicides and a single strain peat inoculant of either USDA 3384 or USDA 3456. All fungicides decreased nodulation, nitrogen fixation, plant growth and seed yield, especially with USDA 3384 as inoculant. Fungicides inhibited viability and survival of Bradyrhizobium on peanut seeds which decreased nodule formation leading to reduced peanut seed yield. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Hashem, F M AU - Saleh, SA AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Voll, M AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 335 EP - 340 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - fungicides KW - seeds KW - nitrogen fixation KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16062828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Bradyrhizobium+sp.+%28Arachis%29+on+fungicide-treated+peanut+seed+in+relationship+to+plant+growth+and+yield&rft.au=Hashem%2C+F+M%3BSaleh%2C+SA%3BVan+Berkum%2C+P%3BVoll%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hashem&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seeds; fungicides; nitrogen fixation; Arachis hypogaea; Bradyrhizobium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolated septic arthritis due to Streptococcus bovis AN - 16060165; 4099134 AB - Streptococcus bovis is commonly present in the rumen of ruminant animals and in the feces of 10%-16% of immunocompetent humans. In humans, S. bovis has been identified as a causative agent for endocarditis, bacteremia, and meningitis. Most notably, reports have associated S. bovis infection with colonic malignancy. Isolation of S. bovis from synovial fluid is a rare finding. We report, to our knowledge, the second documented case of septic arthritis due to S. bovis. Since the patient was a dairy farmer, both a ruminal origin of infection and colonic malignancy were investigated. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Grant, R J AU - Shang, W Y AU - Whitehead, T R AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1021 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - farms KW - arthritis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16060165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Isolated+septic+arthritis+due+to+Streptococcus+bovis&rft.au=Grant%2C+R+J%3BShang%2C+W+Y%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1021&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; arthritis; farms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applicability of the forest stand growth simulator PROGNAUS for the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif AN - 16059883; 4104960 AB - Our objective is to examine the applicability of the basal area increment model in the PROGNAUS forest stand growth simulator using independent permanent plot data. The simulator is designed to forecast the development of both pure even-aged and mixed-species uneven-aged stands in Austria using distance-independent individual tree methodology. The primary model is for the basal area increment (BAI), which is predicted from size (diameter, crown ratio), competition (basal area of larger trees, crown competition factor), and site descriptors. Because the model must be able to simulate the development of both uneven- and even-aged stands, site index and age are intentionally not used as predictors. Available for testing is an independent data set of 22 permanent plots in mixed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)-Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands in the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif, northeastern Austria. The validation plots were remeasured for three 5-year periods between 1977 and 1992. The prediction interval (95% confidence) for the basal area increment over the full 15-year period was 62-157%, with a mean of 99% of the observed increment. A plot-specific adjustment of the model's intercept using past increment did not improve predictions for Norway spruce, but did improve predictions for Scots pine. Thus, important site-specific variation not captured by the Scots pine model can nevertheless be accounted for by using increment calibration. A time trend towards increasing underestimation of the increment was detected in the later growth periods of the validation data. This trend agrees with a frequently reported increase in the site potential of central European stands, possibly caused by changing weather conditions, nitrogen deposition, and abandoning of litter raking. For future model development, as many growth periods as possible should be used to parameterize increment models, although even this cannot account for a long term change in the site potential. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Sterba, H AU - Monserud, R A AD - Intermountain Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1221 S. Main St., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 23 EP - 34 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Scotch pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - Austria KW - Picea abies KW - growth KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Applicability+of+the+forest+stand+growth+simulator+PROGNAUS+for+the+Austrian+part+of+the+Bohemian+Massif&rft.au=Sterba%2C+H%3BMonserud%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Sterba&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus sylvestris; Picea abies; Austria; models; forests; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass and nutrient dynamics of decaying litter from Passiflora mollissima and selected native species in a Hawaiian montane rain forest AN - 16039878; 4085772 AB - The structure and functioning of Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha forests between 1200 and 1800 m elevation on the island of Hawaii are being threatened by Passiflora mollissima, an aggressive introduced liana from South America. This study was done to evaluate the short-term decomposition dynamics of Passiflora and selected native leaf and twig litter. The nutrient-rich, non-sclerophyllous Passiflora leaves completely disappeared in less than 5 mo. The estimated time for native leaf litter to lose 95% of initial dry weight ranged from 1.65 y for N-rich Acacia phyllodes to 6.67 y for Cibotium glaucum; for woody litter, the time ranged from 4.5 y for Acacia twigs to 23 y for Acacia bark. Except for Cibotium frond litter, decay rates were significantly correlated with initial lignin-ash ratios. Passiflora litter did not accelerate decomposition of Acacia and Metrosideros leaf litter. Passiflora, Acacia, and Metrosideros leaf litter showed net mineralization of N, P, Ca, K, and Mg during the study. Cibotium frond litter showed significant accumulation of N, Ca, and Mg; P levels stayed constant and K was rapidly lost. In general, twigs experienced a net loss of most nutrients, while bark experienced either no change or a significant net gain of nutrients. Nutrient cycling has increased in P. mollissima infested forests. JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology AU - Scowcroft, P G AD - Inst. Pacific Islands Forest., USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 407 EP - 426 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0266-4674, 0266-4674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient dynamics KW - decomposition KW - USA, Hawaii KW - litter KW - rain forests KW - Passiflora mollissima KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Mass+and+nutrient+dynamics+of+decaying+litter+from+Passiflora+mollissima+and+selected+native+species+in+a+Hawaiian+montane+rain+forest&rft.au=Scowcroft%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.issn=02664674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Passiflora mollissima; USA, Hawaii; litter; rain forests; decomposition; nutrient dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth response and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei fed different sources of dietary lipid AN - 16032198; 4089552 AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding various sources of dietary lipid on weight gain, feed conversion, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei. Seven semi-purified diets (35% protein and 3400 kcal of metabolizable energy kg-1) containing defatted, freeze-dried shrimp meal, 1.0% soybean lecithin and 0.5% cholesterol were supplemented with 6.5% of either stearic acid, coconut, safflower, corn, soybean, linseed or menhaden fish oils. Each diet was fed to shrimp (1.00 plus or minus 0.03 g average weight) in four replicate aquaria four times daily for 10 weeks. Weight gain, feed conversion and survival were best for shrimp fed the diet containing menhaden fish oil. Shrimp fed the linseed oil diet had the second highest weight gain, followed by shrimp on soybean oil, corn oil, stearic acid, coconut oil and safflower oil diets, respectively. Feed conversion values were a reflection of weight gain. Results of this study show that both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are dietary essential for juvenile Penaeus vannamei, although n-3 fatty acids promoted faster growth than n-6. However, highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) had better growth-promoting effect than 18:3n-3, due probably to the limited ability of shrimp to bioconvert fatty acids to polyenoic forms of longer chain length. The fatty acid composition of the shrimp generally reflected that of the dietary lipids, especially for the diets containing unsaturated fatty acids. Shrimp fed stearic acid and coconut oil diets low in polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulated high levels of 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Aquaculture AU - Lim, C AU - Ako, H AU - Brown, CL AU - Hahn, K AD - Tropical Aquaculture Research Unit, USDA-ARS-PWA, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 143 EP - 153 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 151 IS - 1-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Penaeus vannamei KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - feeding experiments KW - Marine KW - animal nutrition KW - shrimp culture KW - polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Growth+response+and+fatty+acid+composition+of+juvenile+Penaeus+vannamei+fed+different+sources+of+dietary+lipid&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BAko%2C+H%3BBrown%2C+CL%3BHahn%2C+K&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feeding experiments; animal nutrition; shrimp culture; polyunsaturated fatty acids; Marine ER - TY - CONF T1 - Factors related to diversity of decomposer fungi in tropical forests AN - 16029862; 4094943 AB - Recent studies suggest that host-preferences are common among certain groups of tropical fungal decomposers but rare in others, and sometimes occur where we least expect them. Host preferences among microfungi and ascomycetes that decompose leaf litter are common but usually involve differences in relative frequencies more than presence/absence, so their diversity may be loosely correlated with species richness of host trees. Strong host-specificity appears to be rare among wood decomposer fungi, whereas characteristics of their substrata and habitat are very important for this group. Anthropogenic disturbance predisposed a tropical forest to subsequent hurricane damage, and the resulting direct and indirect effects on host diversity and habitat heterogeneity were reflected in the decomposer fungal community more than sixty years after the original disturbance. While species richness of dictyostelid slime molds and functional diversity of their bacterial prey increased with disturbance, the more diverse microfungi and ascomycetes were apparently negatively affected by disturbance. JF - Biodiversity and Conservation AU - Lodge, D J Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 681 EP - 688 VL - 6 IS - 5 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - forests KW - fungi KW - decomposition KW - species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16029862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=Factors+related+to+diversity+of+decomposer+fungi+in+tropical+forests&rft.au=Lodge%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.issn=09603115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards a virtual reality for plant-associated fungi in the United States and Canada AN - 16024923; 4092370 AB - At present knowledge of fungal biodiversity in North America is scattered in diverse sources ranging from well-reviewed, comprehensive databases to unedited databases of reports from the literature, information on file cards, and uncomputerized reference collections. Resources available electronically were used to determine their relative importance in evaluating the plant-associated fungi known from the United States and to a lesser extent Canada. The results demonstrate that the literature provides the greatest information but that reference collections in the US National Fungus Collections contribute between 22-31% additional data. Little overlap exists between fungi isolated as endophytes and those reported in the literature or as reference collections. Eighty to 100% of the plant-associated fungi reported from Canada are accounted for in comprehensive resources for the United States. A comprehensive database of plant-associated fungi in Canada, the United States, and eventually Mexico would serve as a valuable resource for those making plant quarantine decisions. JF - Biodiversity and Conservation AU - Rossman, A Y AU - Farr, D F Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 739 EP - 751 VL - 6 IS - 5 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - fungi KW - Canada KW - data bases KW - species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16024923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=Towards+a+virtual+reality+for+plant-associated+fungi+in+the+United+States+and+Canada&rft.au=Rossman%2C+A+Y%3BFarr%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.issn=09603115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successional changes in plant species diversity and composition after clearcutting a southern Appalachian watershed AN - 16021637; 4089843 AB - Watershed 7, a southwest-facing watershed in the Coweeta Basin, western North Carolina, USA, was clearcut in 1977. Twenty-four permanent plots were inventoried in 1974 before cutting and in 1977, 1979, 1984, and 1993 after clearcutting. This study evaluates changes in species diversity during early succession after clearcutting and differences in overstory tree and ground flora response to disturbance by clearcutting and their interaction with previous disturbances and subsequent stand development. To quantify species diversity, we computed Shannon-Weaver's index of diversity (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J'). Woody species diversity remained relatively stable; however, woody species richness increased in the cove-hardwoods and hardwood-pines, but remained relatively constant in the mixed-oak hardwoods. Although revegetation was rapid, forest composition has changed through succession. Opportunistic species, such as Liriodendron tulipifera, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Acer rubrum, increased in abundance, whereas Quercus velutina, Carya spp., and Q. rubra decreased. Ground flora diversity declined in the cove-hardwoods and mixed-oak hardwoods communities, but the decrease in the hardwood-pines was not significant. The abundance (g biomass m-2) of ground flora was much lower in 1993 than in 1984; 79% less in the cove-hardwoods, 90% less in the mixed-oak hardwoods, and 79% less in the hardwood-pines. Watershed 7 is apparently in a transition state between early and late successional species abundance. Early successional, shade-intolerant species, such as Erechtites, Solidago, Eupatorium, Panicum, and Aster, have declined, whereas late successional, shade-tolerant species, such as Viola, Galium, Sanguinaria, Uvularia, and Veratrum are not yet well established. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Elliott, K J AU - Boring, L R AU - Swank, W T AU - Haines, B R AD - USDA For. Serv., SRS, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 67 EP - 85 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - clear-cutting KW - ecological effects KW - clear cutting KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, North Carolina KW - watersheds KW - forestry KW - trees KW - species diversity KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16021637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Successional+changes+in+plant+species+diversity+and+composition+after+clearcutting+a+southern+Appalachian+watershed&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BBoring%2C+L+R%3BSwank%2C+W+T%3BHaines%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clear-cutting; watersheds; forestry; species diversity; ecological effects; trees; forests; USA, North Carolina; clear cutting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen fixation in root-colonized large woody residue of Oregon coastal forests AN - 16020867; 4089852 AB - Coarse woody residues are conspicuous features of the forest floor in coastal Oregon forests. They provide habitats for plants, animals, and a diversity of microorganisms. Live plants are partially or completely rooted in the woody residues. This study provides baseline information on nitrogenase activities (nitrogen fixation) and populations of nitrogen-fixating organisms in root-colonized and noncolonized woody residues on forest and clearcut sites. Coarse woody residue of decay classes IV-V were sampled at three sites of Douglas-fir stands having varying amounts of understory vegetation. Nitrogen-fixation activity in woody residues was detected on all three sites. The woody residues at lower elevation sites near the coast had the least nitrogen-fixing activity and nitrogen-fixing bacterial populations. Plant colonized and noncolonized woody residues had significantly higher nitrogenase activity than the adjacent soils, but the activity between the colonized and noncolonized woody residues did not differ significantly. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Crawford, R H AU - Li, CY AU - Floyd, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 229 EP - 234 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - disturbance KW - debris KW - nitrogenase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - nitrogen fixation KW - fungi KW - soil microorganisms KW - bacteria KW - USA, Oregon KW - A 01044:General KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+fixation+in+root-colonized+large+woody+residue+of+Oregon+coastal+forests&rft.au=Crawford%2C+R+H%3BLi%2C+CY%3BFloyd%2C+M&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Oregon; nitrogen fixation; forests; disturbance; bacteria; fungi; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus in winter wheat AN - 16017475; 4086442 AB - The dynamics of wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus in winter wheat were studied during two crop cycles in a field site with a history of high virus incidence. Individual plants of two susceptible cultivars were sampled from autumn to spring and the presence of virus antigen in roots and leaves was determined by ELISA. Virus incidence was higher in cv. Frankenmuth than in cv. Augusta. During year one, incidence of viral antigen in roots remained very low for four months after sowing, and did not reach maximum levels until the following spring. During year two, incidence of viral antigen in roots rose to maximum levels in autumn, only three months after sowing. These results strongly suggested that root infection occurred in spring as well as in autumn. In both cultivars and in both years, we detected the virus in roots one month prior to its detection in leaves, suggesting that virus moves slowly from roots into leaves. Maximum incidence of virus in leaves occurred in spring of both years, coinciding with the period of symptom development. Typical symptoms (yellow streaks, spindles, and mosaic) were observed in year two, whereas only mild mosaic was observed in year one. Virus antigen was detected in nonsymptomatic leaves from two months after sowing through crop senescence. Because antigen could be detected in roots throughout the crop cycle, and zoosporangia and cystosori of the fungal vector could be detected one and two months, respectively, after sowing, it is possible that wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus is acquired and /or spread by the vector during the majority of the crop cycle. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Carroll, JE AU - Bergstrom, G C AU - Gray, S M AD - Dep. Plant Pathol., USDA-ARS, 334 Plant Sci. Bldg., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 313 EP - 321 VL - 103 IS - 4 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - roots KW - wheat spindle streak mosaic virus KW - antigenicity KW - symptoms KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Polymyxa graminis KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16017475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wheat+spindle+streak+mosaic+bymovirus+in+winter+wheat&rft.au=Carroll%2C+JE%3BBergstrom%2C+G+C%3BGray%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat spindle streak mosaic virus; Triticum aestivum; Polymyxa graminis; symptoms; antigenicity; roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks AN - 16010561; 4080887 AB - A novel dendroecological procedure was developed to elucidate canopy disturbances spanning a >300-yr period for oak (Quercus) forests of central Pennsylvania. Running comparisons of sequential 10-yr ring-width averages may effectively neutralize both short-term (i.e., drought) and long-term growth trends associated with climate while enhancing detection of abrupt and sustained radial-growth increases characteristic of canopy disturbance. Thinning-response studies revealed the conservative tendencies of overstory oak, with substantial basal area reductions (>1/3) required to attain moderate and consistently detectable growth increases. Based on empirical evidence, a minimum growth-response threshold of 25% was established to depict canopy disturbances. This is in contrast to the 50-100% sustained radial-growth release often used to detect disturbance using understory trees in closed forests. Our default threshold was adjusted higher as necessary for those trees highly correlated to climatic trends (as represented by the Palmer drought severity index). Canopy disturbances detected with this dendroecological approach were further substantiated using tree-recruitment data (age cohorting). By coupling these data sets, we estimated return intervals of standwide disturbance from 21 yr in presettlement times (prior to 1775) and during heavy Euro-American exploitation (1775-1900) to 31 yr in modern times (after 1900). Although disturbance periodicity remained stable between presettlement and early post-settlement (exploitation) eras, the mode of disturbance shifted from mainly natural (wind and fire) to anthropogenic forces (intense harvesting for charcoal production), based on the historical record. In the process, presettlement oak-pine (Pinus)-chestnut (Castanea) forests on ridges were rapidly converted to young coppice stands of oak and chestnut. The reduction of harvesting and fire events coupled with the eradication of chestnut by blight this century have allowed these coppice stands to mature into oak-dominated forests that exist today. This analytical technique for ascertaining disturbance histories holds much potential and should be considered for use with mature, overstory trees in other forest types with appropriate modifications. JF - Ecological Monographs AU - Nowacki, G J AU - Abrams, MD AD - USDA Forest Serv., Alaska Region, P.O. Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 225 EP - 249 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9615, 0012-9615 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - disturbance KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Quercus KW - growth KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Monographs&rft.atitle=Radial-growth+averaging+criteria+for+reconstructing+disturbance+histories+from+presettlement-origin+oaks&rft.au=Nowacki%2C+G+J%3BAbrams%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Nowacki&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Monographs&rft.issn=00129615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA, Pennsylvania; disturbance; growth; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the intestines of neonatal calves AN - 16006282; 4082999 AB - Cattle are an important reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains, foodborne pathogens that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. EHEC O157:H7 strains are not pathogenic in calves >3 weeks old. Our objective was to determine if EHEC O157:H7 strains are pathogenic in neonatal calves. Calves <36 h old inoculated with EHEC O157:H7 developed diarrhea and enterocolitis with attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions in both the large and small intestines by 18 h postinoculation. The severity of diarrhea and inflammation, and also the frequency and extent of A/E lesions, increased by 3 days postinoculation. We conclude that EHEC O157:H7 strains are pathogenic in neonatal calves. The neonatal calf model is relevant for studying the pathogenesis of EHEC O157:H7 infections in cattle. It should also be useful for identifying ways to reduce EHEC O157:H7 infections in cattle and thus reduce the risk of EHEC O157:H7 disease in humans. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Moon, H W AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1842 EP - 1848 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - pathogenicity KW - Shiga toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - lesions KW - reservoirs KW - enterocolitis KW - neonates KW - Escherichia coli KW - intestine KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16006282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+the+intestines+of+neonatal+calves&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BBosworth%2C+B+T%3BCray%2C+WC+Jr%3BMoon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1842&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; reservoirs; intestine; diarrhea; enterocolitis; lesions; neonates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin by Gibberella fujikuroi from rice from various geographic areas AN - 16004986; 4077750 AB - Gibberella fujikuroi strains isolated from rice in the United States, Asia, and other geographic areas were tested for sexual fertility with members of mating population D and for production of fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin in culture. Of the 59 field strains tested, 32 (54%) were able to cross with tester strains of mating population D, but only a few ascospores were produced in most of these crosses. Thirty-four strains produced more than 10 mu g of fumonisin B sub(1) per g, but only three strains produced more than 1000 mu g/g. Twenty-five strains produced more than 100 mu g of moniliformin per g, and 15 produced more than 1,000 mu g/g. Seven field strains produced both fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin, but none of these strains produced a high level of fumonisin B sub(1) (>1,000 mu g/g). However, a genetic cross between a strain that produced fumonisin B sub(1) but no moniliformin and a strain that produced moniliformin but no fumonisin B sub(1) yielded progeny that produced high levels of both toxins. Strains of G. fujikuroi isolated from rice infected with bakanae disease are similar to strains of mating population D isolated from maize in their ability to produce both fumonisins and moniliformin. This finding suggests a potential for contamination of rice with both fumonisins and moniliformin. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Nelson, P E AD - Mycotoxin Res., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1838 EP - 1842 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - moniliformin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA KW - Asia KW - Gibberella fujikuroi KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16004986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+and+moniliformin+by+Gibberella+fujikuroi+from+rice+from+various+geographic+areas&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gibberella fujikuroi; USA; Asia; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of trichothecenes in liquid cultures of a Fusarium sporotrichioides mutant lacking a functional trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase AN - 16002206; 4077747 AB - A mutant strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 produced by disruption of Tri11, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, Was shown to be altered in its ability to biosynthesize T-2 toxin. This mutant strain produced four trichothecenes that were not observed in cultures of the parent strain. The compounds were identified as isotrichodermin, 8-hydroxyisotrichodermin, 8-hydroxyisotrichodermol, and 3,4,8-trihydroxytricothecene on the basis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. This is the first report of these 8-hydroxytrichothecenes as metabolites of F. sporotrichioides. The accumulation of isotrichodermin and the results of whole-cell feeding experiments with a Tri11 super(-) strain confirm that oxygenation of C-15 is blocked. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - McCormick, S P AU - Hohn, T M AD - USDA/ARS/NCAUR, 185 N. Univ., Preoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1685 EP - 1688 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 8-hydroxytricothecenes KW - T-2 toxin KW - Tri11 gene KW - trichothecenes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium sporotrichioides KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16002206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+trichothecenes+in+liquid+cultures+of+a+Fusarium+sporotrichioides+mutant+lacking+a+functional+trichothecene+C-15+hydroxylase&rft.au=McCormick%2C+S+P%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycotoxins; Fusarium sporotrichioides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed treatment with a fungal or a bacterial antagonist for reducing corn damping-off caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium AN - 15982978; 4072134 AB - Bioassays were conducted under greenhouse conditions to test the efficacy of antagonists applied to corn (Zea mays) seed for protection against seed rot and seedling damping-off at 18 and 25 degree C in a field soil artificially infested with a combination of Pythium ultimum, P. arrhenomanes and Fusarium graminearum. Biomass of Gliocladium virens isolates Gl-3 or Gl-21, Trichoderma viride isolate Tv-1, or peat-based slurry of Burkholderia cepacia isolates Bc-B, Bc-T, or Bc-1 was coated individually onto corn seeds in one test, and Gl-3 or Bc-B at four inoculum levels was used in another test. Seed treatments with most of the biocontrol agents, as well as with the fungicide captan, significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased seedling stand, plant height and fresh weight, and decreased root rot severity compared with untreated seeds in pathogen-infested soil. Coating seeds with the biocontrol fungus G. virens isolate Gl-3 was the most effective treatment, resulting in greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) seedling stand, plant height, and fresh weight, and lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) severity of root rot than those parameters from seeds treated with captan or other antagonists at both temperatures. The results from the seeds treated with Gl-3 were similar to those of untreated seeds in noninfested soil. In treatments with Bc-1, Bc-T, Bc-B, or Tv-1, incubation temperature affected plant emergence, root rot severity, plant height, and fresh weight (P less than or equal to 0.01). Conversely, in seeds coated with Gl-3 or Gl-21, these parameters were similar at both temperatures. The minimum number of propagules needed per corn seed to obtain plant emergence comparable to that from captan-treated seeds was between 10 super(4) and 10 super(5) CFU for Gl-3 and >10 super(8) for Bc-B. When propagules of Gl-3 were applied at a rate >10 super(6) CFU per seed, seedling emergence was greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) than that from captan-treated seeds. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mao, W AU - Lewis, JA AU - Hebbar, P K AU - Lumsden, R D AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 450 EP - 454 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Pythium arrhenomanes KW - captan KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - damping-off KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Zea mays KW - seed treatments KW - Gliocladium virens KW - seed rot KW - Burkholderia cepacia KW - Trichoderma viride KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - seedlings KW - A 01043:Seed treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15982978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Seed+treatment+with+a+fungal+or+a+bacterial+antagonist+for+reducing+corn+damping-off+caused+by+species+of+Pythium+and+Fusarium&rft.au=Mao%2C+W%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BHebbar%2C+P+K%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Pythium ultimum; Fusarium graminearum; Gliocladium virens; Trichoderma viride; Burkholderia cepacia; seed treatments; seed rot; seedlings; damping-off ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abscisic acid-responsive protein, bovine serum albumin, and proline pretreatments improve recovery of in vitro currant shoot-tip meristems and callus cryopreserved by vitrification AN - 15971659; 4071104 AB - Improved recovery of vitrified currant (Ribes aureum Pursh and R. ciliatum Humb. & Bonpl.) meristems and callus was obtained following 2 h pretreatment in sucrose, proline, abscisic acid-responsive proteins (RABP), or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Two hours immersion in 0.4 M RIB-SM prior to vitrification greatly improved the regrowth of meristems compared to 0, 1, 3, and 4 h immersion. Two hours immersion of meristems in 5 and 10% proline dissolved in 0.4 M RIB-SM significantly improved regrowth following vitrification. Initial tests with extracts of crude RABP from wheat seeds showed that regrowth of vitrified Ribes apical meristems improved after 2 h immersion pretreatment with the highest survival at 1% RABP. RABP preparations containing equivalent proteins (1% crude or 0.2% dialyzed RABP) had similar effects on regrowth, indicating that the effect was from the proteins rather than sugars and other carbohydrates in the crude RABP extracts. Pretreatments of meristems and callus with 5 or 10% proline, 1% crude RABP, or 1% BSA in 0.4 M sucrose solutions produced similar results. Pretreated meristems resumed growth 3 days after warming and reached the maximum regrowth at 1 week, compared to 2 weeks for non-pretreatment controls. We suggest using a 1% BSA pretreatment as the most economical and available of the materials tested. JF - Cryobiology AU - Luo, Jie AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR 97330-2521, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 240 EP - 250 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0011-2240, 0011-2240 KW - Ribes ciliatum KW - abscisic acid KW - meristem KW - proline KW - sucrose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - callus KW - bovine serum albumin KW - Ribes aureum KW - tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15971659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryobiology&rft.atitle=Abscisic+acid-responsive+protein%2C+bovine+serum+albumin%2C+and+proline+pretreatments+improve+recovery+of+in+vitro+currant+shoot-tip+meristems+and+callus+cryopreserved+by+vitrification&rft.au=Luo%2C+Jie%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryobiology&rft.issn=00112240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - callus; bovine serum albumin; tissue culture; Ribes aureum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An elicitor of plant volatiles from beet armyworm oral secretion AN - 15900968; 4039338 AB - The compound N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine (named here volicitin) was isolated from oral secretions of beet armyworm caterpillars. When applied to damaged leaves of corn seedlings, volicitin induces the seedlings to emit volatile compounds that attract parasitic wasps, natural enemies of the caterpillars. Mechanical damage of the leaves, without application of this compound, did not trigger release of the same blend of volatiles. Volicitin is a key component in a chain of chemical signals and biochemical processes that regulate tritrophic interactions among plants, insect herbivores, and natural enemies of the herbivores. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Alborn, H T AU - Turlings, TCJ AU - Jones, TH AU - Stenhagen, G AU - Loughrin, J H AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Cent. Med., Agric., and Vet. Entomol., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1700 Southwest 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 945 EP - 949 VL - 276 IS - 5314 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - feeding KW - parasitoids KW - Braconidae KW - beet armyworms KW - volicitin KW - N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Cotesia marginiventris KW - Zea mays KW - tri-trophic interactions KW - attractants KW - volatiles KW - kairomones KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18160:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=An+elicitor+of+plant+volatiles+from+beet+armyworm+oral+secretion&rft.au=Alborn%2C+H+T%3BTurlings%2C+TCJ%3BJones%2C+TH%3BStenhagen%2C+G%3BLoughrin%2C+J+H%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Alborn&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=5314&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera exigua; Zea mays; Cotesia marginiventris; kairomones; volatiles; tri-trophic interactions; feeding; parasitoids; attractants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternansucrase mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-21138 AN - 860373145; 13777713 AB - Alternan is a unique a-D-glucan of potential commercial interest, produced by rare strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Natural isolates that produce alternan, such as NRRL B-1355, also produce dextran as a troublesome contaminant. We previously isolated mutants of strain NRRL B-1355 that are deficient in dextran production, including the highly stable strain NRRL B-21138. In the current work, we mutagenized strain NRRL B-21138 and screened survivors for further alterations in production of alternansucrase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of alternan from sucrose. Second generation mutants included highly stable strain NRRL B-21297, which produced four-fold elevated levels of alternansucrase without an increase in the proportion of dextransucrase activity. Such alternansucrase overproducing strains will facilitate studies of this enzyme, and may become valuable for the enzymatic production of alternan. Another highly stable mutant strain, NRRL B-21414, grew slowly on sucrose with negligible production of glucan or extracellular glucansucrase activity. This strain may prove useful as an expression host for glucansucrase genes. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Ahlgren, J A AU - Cote, G L AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture*, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, US Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 278 EP - 283 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Dextran KW - Alternansucrase KW - Sucrose KW - Dextransucrase KW - Enzymes KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - Contaminants KW - glucans KW - W 30940:Products KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860373145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Alternansucrase+mutants+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+strain+NRRL+B-21138&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BAhlgren%2C+J+A%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.2900380 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dextran; Dextransucrase; Sucrose; Alternansucrase; Enzymes; Contaminants; glucans; Leuconostoc mesenteroides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900380 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bee health and international trade. AN - 79319066; 9329115 AB - The international trade in bee products is a complex issue as a result of the diverse uses of these products. This is especially true with regard to honey. In most cases, honey is imported for human consumption: the high purchase and shipping costs preclude the use of honey as feed for bees. For these reasons, the risk of transmitting disease through honey is minimal. However, this risk should not be ignored, especially in those countries where American foulbrood is not known to occur. The importation of pollen for bee feed poses a definite risk, especially since there are no acceptable procedures for determining whether pollen is free from pathogens, insects and mites. Routine drying of pollen would reduce the survival of mites and insects, but would not have any impact on bacterial spores. Phytosanitary certificates should be required for the importation of honey and pollen when destined for bee feed. The declaration on the phytosanitary certificate should include country of origin, and should state whether the following bee diseases and parasitic mites are present: American foulbrood disease, European foulbrood disease, chalkbrood disease, Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Shimanuki, H AU - Knox, D A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 172 EP - 176 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Waxes KW - beeswax KW - 8012-89-3 KW - royal jelly KW - L497I37F0C KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Animals KW - Fatty Acids -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Waxes -- adverse effects KW - Bacillus -- physiology KW - Bacillus -- isolation & purification KW - Food Parasitology KW - Pollen -- microbiology KW - Transportation KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mites -- physiology KW - Ascomycota -- physiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Pollen -- parasitology KW - Bees -- microbiology KW - Honey -- microbiology KW - Bees -- parasitology KW - Honey -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79319066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Bee+health+and+international+trade.&rft.au=Shimanuki%2C+H%3BKnox%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shimanuki&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retroviral insertional mutagenesis of a herpesvirus: a Marek's disease virus mutant attenuated for oncogenicity but not for immunosuppression or in vivo replication. AN - 79080552; 9201407 AB - Our earlier studies have shown that retrovirus insertion into herpesvirus is an efficient process that engenders recombinant herpesviruses with altered biological properties. The RM1 clone is derived from the JM strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) through retrovirus insertional mutagenesis and contains sequences of reticuloendotheliosis virus inserted at the junction of the internal repeat and unique short regions of the genome. In previous studies, the RM1 clone appeared attenuated for oncogenicity but caused marked atrophy of the thymic lobes. The present studies represent a detailed analysis of the biological characteristics of the RM1 clone in order to better understand mechanisms of oncogenicity and gene function of MDV. RM1 was almost fully attenuated for oncogenicity but retained other in vivo properties of virulent viruses such as thymic and bursal atrophy, early immunosuppression, early cytolytic infection followed by efficient replication, and contact spread--all normally absent in attenuated strains. This suggests that, for serotype 1 MDV, oncogenicity is not tightly linked with immunodepression or viral replication and that these properties may be controlled by different genes or mechanisms. The mutation was stable through serial passage of the virus in chickens as determined by molecular analysis. None of the mutant viruses demonstrated expansion of the 132-bp repeat region of the genome, indicating that such expansion is not required for attenuation. Chickens vaccinated with RM1 clones were protected against challenge with virulent MDV, and levels of protection exceeded those of other attenuated serotype 1 vaccine viruses. Thus, attenuation by selective mutation may be an advantageous strategy for development of serotype 1 Marek's disease vaccines. JF - Avian diseases AU - Witter, R L AU - Li, D AU - Jones, D AU - Lee, L F AU - Kung, H J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 407 EP - 421 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- pathology KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Genome, Viral KW - Immune Tolerance KW - Virulence KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Chickens KW - Lymphocyte Depletion KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- immunology KW - Virus Replication KW - Retroviridae -- pathogenicity KW - Marek Disease -- immunology KW - Marek Disease -- pathology KW - Retroviridae -- immunology KW - Retroviridae -- physiology KW - Marek Disease -- virology KW - Retroviridae -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79080552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Retroviral+insertional+mutagenesis+of+a+herpesvirus%3A+a+Marek%27s+disease+virus+mutant+attenuated+for+oncogenicity+but+not+for+immunosuppression+or+in+vivo+replication.&rft.au=Witter%2C+R+L%3BLi%2C+D%3BJones%2C+D%3BLee%2C+L+F%3BKung%2C+H+J&rft.aulast=Witter&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem recovery following selenium contamination in a freshwater reservoir. AN - 78992058; 9143456 AB - Belews Lake, North Carolina, was contaminated by selenium in wastewater released from a coal-fired electric generating facility during 1974-1985. Selenium bioaccumulated in aquatic food chains and caused severe reproductive failure and teratogenic deformities in fish. Beginning in 1986, the electric utility company changed its ash disposal practices and selenium-laden wastewater no longer entered the lake. A survey of selenium present in the water, sediments, benthic invertebrates, fish, and aquatic birds was conducted in 1996. Concentrations were compared to pre-1986 levels to determine how much change occurred during the decade since selenium inputs stopped. The data were also examined using a hazard assessment protocol to determine if ecosystem-level hazards to fish and aquatic birds had changed as well. Results reveal that waterborne selenium fell from a peak of 20 micrograms/liter before 1986, to < 1 microgram/liter in 1996; concentrations in biota were 85-95% lower in 1996. Hazard ratings indicate that high hazard existed prior to 1986 and that moderate hazard is still present, primarily due to selenium in the sediment-detrital food pathway. Concentrations of selenium in sediments have fallen by about 65-75%, but remain sufficiently elevated (1-4 micrograms/g) to contaminate benthic food organisms of fish and aquatic birds. Field evidence confirmed the validity of the hazard ratings. Developmental abnormalities in young fish indicate that selenium-induced teratogenesis and reproductive impairment are occurring. Moreover, the concentrations of selenium in benthic food organisms are sufficient to cause mortality in young bluegill and other centrarchids because of Winter Stress Syndrome. At the ecosystem level, recovery has been slow. Toxic effects are still evident 10 years after selenium inputs were stopped. The sediment-associated selenium will likely continue to be a significant hazard to fish and aquatic birds for years. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 275 EP - 281 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - North Carolina KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Fishes -- physiology KW - Teratogens -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Birds -- physiology KW - Ecosystem KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78992058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+recovery+following+selenium+contamination+in+a+freshwater+reservoir.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium-induced growth reduction in Brassica land races considered for phytoremediation. AN - 78975470; 9143457 AB - Brassica species considered for use in selenium (Se) phytoremediation need to accumulate large amounts of Se to be successful. Retarded plant growth and impaired protein synthesis are common symptoms for plants grown under seleniferous soils. Selenium accumulation by different land races of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss and one land race of Brassica carinata was investigated in Se-enriched water and soil cultures containing 2 mg Se kg-1. Effects of Se concentration in the root environment on the assimilation of Se, leaf surface area, dry matter yield, total leaf protein concentration, and free seleno-amino acid concentrations were analyzed for plants grown in Se-laden media. In water culture, shoot Se concentrations among the land races ranged from 501 to 1017 mg Se kg-1 dry matter (DM), and in plants grown in Se-laden soil, concentrations ranged from 407 to 769 mg Se kg-1 DM. Land races grown with Se exhibited decreases in dry matter yields from 12 to 23% and in leaf surface area from 5 to 26% compared to the same land races grown without Se. Protein content was significantly correlated both with shoot Se concentrations (r = 0.746, P < 0.001) and with leaf surface area (r = 0.446, P < 0.01) for all land races grown in Se-enriched water culture. There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.767, P < 0.001) between total Se assimilation and shoot protein for all land races. Free selenomethionine was detected for plants grown with Se and ranged from 92 to 958 ng g-1 DM. Other seleno-amino acids, Se-methyl-selenocysteine and selenocysteine, were not consistently detected as free amino acids in the different land races. Although visual symptoms of Se toxicity were not observed in the Brassica species, dry matter yield, leaf surface, and total shoot protein decreased, depending on the land races tested. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Bañuelos, G S AU - Ajwa, H A AU - Wu, L AU - Guo, X AU - Akohoue, S AU - Zambrzuski, S AD - USDA, ARS, Water Management Research Lab, Fresno, California 93727, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 282 EP - 287 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Plant Proteins KW - Selenium Compounds KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Selenium Compounds -- toxicity KW - Selenium Compounds -- analysis KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Selenium -- metabolism KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- growth & development KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Brassica -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78975470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Selenium-induced+growth+reduction+in+Brassica+land+races+considered+for+phytoremediation.&rft.au=Ba%C3%B1uelos%2C+G+S%3BAjwa%2C+H+A%3BWu%2C+L%3BGuo%2C+X%3BAkohoue%2C+S%3BZambrzuski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ba%C3%B1uelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide application during defeathering on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses prior to evisceration. AN - 78935012; 9106897 AB - The microbiological quality and skin appearance of New York dressed broiler carcasses were determined in two separate experiments after a water control, acetic acid, or H2O2 spray during defeathering. Broilers were picked up from a local processor and transported in coops to the pilot facility. In both experiments, commercial processing parameters were followed up to the defeathering step. After feather removal, the vents of all carcasses were blocked with a cotton plug to prevent contamination of the whole carcass rinse diluent with fecal material from the lower gut. The neck and feet were removed, and the carcasses were placed in individual plastic bags in preparation for a whole carcass rinse. Results showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the log10 total aerobic plate counts for carcasses treated with 1% acetic acid in comparison to the water control (log10 cfu counts = 3.93 and 4.53, respectively). No differences were observed in skin appearance due to the 1% acid treatment. The addition of 0.5, 1, or 1.5% H2O2 to spray waters had no effect on microbiological quality of the carcasses when compared to the water control (4.92, 5.01, 4.91, and 4.99 log10 counts, respectively). The skin of carcasses treated with hydrogen peroxide, regardless of the concentration was bleached and bloated. JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Whittemore, A D AD - USDA, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 657 EP - 660 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Female KW - Meat -- standards KW - Acetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Feathers KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78935012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+acetic+acid+and+hydrogen+peroxide+application+during+defeathering+on+the+microbiological+quality+of+broiler+carcasses+prior+to+evisceration.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of synthetic foot-and-mouth disease virus provirions separates acid-mediated disassembly from infectivity. AN - 78862639; 9060641 AB - One of the final steps in the maturation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is cleavage of the VP0 protein to produce VP4 and VP2. The mechanism of this cleavage is unknown, but it is thought to function in stabilizing the virus particle and priming it for infecting cells. To investigate the cleavage process and to understand its role in virion maturation, we engineered synthetic FMDV RNAs with mutations at Ala-85 (A85) and Asp-86 (D86) of VP0, which border the cleavage site. BHK cells transfected with synthetic RNAs containing substitutions at position 85 (A85N or A85H) or at position 86 (D86N) yielded particles indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) virus in sedimentation and electrophoretic profiles. Viruses derived from these transfected cells were infectious and maintained their mutant sequences upon passage. However, BHK cells transfected with synthetic RNAs encoding Phe and Lys at these positions (A85F/D86K) or a Cys at position 86 (D86C) produced noninfectious provirions with uncleaved VP0 molecules. Despite their lack of infectivity, the A85F/D86K provirions displayed cell binding and acid sensitivity similar to those of WT virus. However, acid breakdown products of the A85F/D86K provirions differed in hydrophobicity from the comparable WT virion products, which lack VP4. Taken together, these studies are consistent with a role for soluble VP4 molecules in release of the viral genome from the endosomal compartment of susceptible cells. JF - Journal of virology AU - Knipe, T AU - Rieder, E AU - Baxt, B AU - Ward, G AU - Mason, P W AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York 11944, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 2851 EP - 2856 VL - 71 IS - 4 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Capsid Proteins KW - 0 KW - RNA, Viral KW - VP2 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - VP4 protein, Rotavirus KW - Index Medicus KW - Centrifugation, Density Gradient KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Proviruses -- physiology KW - Virion -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - RNA, Viral -- chemical synthesis KW - Transfection KW - Proviruses -- genetics KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Aphthovirus -- physiology KW - Aphthovirus -- metabolism KW - Virus Assembly -- physiology KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Capsid -- metabolism KW - Aphthovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78862639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+synthetic+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus+provirions+separates+acid-mediated+disassembly+from+infectivity.&rft.au=Knipe%2C+T%3BRieder%2C+E%3BBaxt%2C+B%3BWard%2C+G%3BMason%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Knipe&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virology. 1984 Jun;135(2):542-5 [6330983] J Biol Chem. 1981 Feb 25;256(4):1604-7 [6257680] J Virol. 1985 Oct;56(1):120-6 [2411948] Virology. 1985 Nov;147(1):118-25 [2998059] J Virol. 1986 Jun;58(3):893-9 [3009894] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):21-5 [3467351] Virus Res. 1987 May;7(3):257-71 [3037820] J Virol. 1987 Oct;61(10):3199-207 [3041041] Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487-91 [2448875] J Gen Virol. 1988 Sep;69 ( Pt 9):2313-25 [2842438] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7351-67 [3045756] Nature. 1989 Feb 23;337(6209):709-16 [2537470] J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):2143-51 [2467993] Virology. 1989 Jul;171(1):76-82 [2545039] J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):1934-45 [2157861] J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4067-75 [2166805] J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2110-22 [8383233] J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):5075-8 [8392631] J Virol. 1993 Sep;67(9):5139-45 [8394441] Virology. 1993 Dec;197(2):616-23 [8249284] EMBO J. 1994 Feb 15;13(4):928-33 [8112307] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Mar 1;91(5):1932-6 [8127909] J Virol. 1994 Aug;68(8):5296-9 [8035529] Nature. 1994 Sep 1;371(6492):37-43 [8072525] Structure. 1994 Feb 15;2(2):123-39 [8081743] J Virol. 1995 Jan;69(1):430-8 [7983739] Protein Sci. 1994 Oct;3(10):1651-69 [7849583] J Virol. 1995 Apr;69(4):2664-6 [7533862] J Virol. 1996 Oct;70(10):7125-31 [8794359] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Sep 17;93(19):10428-33 [8816817] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4625-31 [2168956] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4697-702 [2168959] J Virol. 1990 Nov;64(11):5389-95 [2170677] J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):326-34 [1845893] J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):6015-23 [1681115] Virology. 1993 Feb;192(2):568-77 [8380665] J Mol Biol. 1968 Apr 28;33(2):369-78 [4302632] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] J Virol. 1972 Jan;9(1):29-40 [4333543] J Gen Virol. 1978 Nov;41(2):255-64 [214518] Arch Virol. 1979;59(1-2):69-79 [218538] Virology. 1980 Jul 15;104(1):42-55 [6249029] J Virol. 1984 Aug;51(2):298-305 [6205165] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hawaiian Quaternary paleoenvironments; a review of existing geological, pedological, and botanical evidence AN - 52695240; 1997-048922 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Gavenda, Robert T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 15 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Plantae KW - pedogenesis KW - Quaternary KW - interglacial environment KW - paleohydrology KW - landform evolution KW - paleo-oceanography KW - Hawaii KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - paleoclimatology KW - Cenozoic KW - paleoenvironment KW - glacial environment KW - Oceania KW - Polynesia KW - wind transport KW - winds KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52695240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hawaiian+Quaternary+paleoenvironments%3B+a+review+of+existing+geological%2C+pedological%2C+and+botanical+evidence&rft.au=Gavenda%2C+Robert+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gavenda&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, 93rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; East Pacific Ocean Islands; glacial environment; Hawaii; hydrology; interglacial environment; landform evolution; Oceania; paleo-oceanography; paleoclimatology; paleoenvironment; paleohydrology; pedogenesis; Plantae; Polynesia; Quaternary; soils; United States; wind transport; winds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustaining watershed research; the Reynolds Creek experimental watershed example AN - 52628605; 1998-023574 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Slaughter, Charles W A2 - Sommarstrom, Sari Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 185 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 92 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - data acquisition KW - landform evolution KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - research KW - Reynolds Creek KW - mountains KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - Owyhee County Idaho KW - basin management KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52628605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Sustaining+watershed+research%3B+the+Reynolds+Creek+experimental+watershed+example&rft.au=Slaughter%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Slaughter&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=1887192069&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth biennial watershed management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; basin management; climate; data acquisition; data processing; experimental studies; floods; fluvial features; geologic hazards; hydrology; Idaho; landform evolution; monitoring; mountains; Owyhee County Idaho; research; Reynolds Creek; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the roles of sediment waves and channel conditions over time and space AN - 52618744; 1998-023568 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Lisle, Thomas E A2 - Sommarstrom, Sari Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 57 EP - 67 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 92 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - degradation KW - waves KW - rivers and streams KW - aggradation KW - sediment supply KW - channels KW - equilibrium KW - case studies KW - transport KW - abrasion KW - sediments KW - sediment waves KW - fluvial features KW - velocity KW - stream gradient KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52618744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+roles+of+sediment+waves+and+channel+conditions+over+time+and+space&rft.au=Lisle%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=1887192069&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth biennial watershed management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abrasion; aggradation; bedload; case studies; channels; degradation; equilibrium; fluvial features; hydrology; rivers and streams; sediment supply; sediment waves; sediments; stream gradient; transport; velocity; waves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total elemental analysis digestion method evaluation on soils and clays AN - 52477643; 1999-037738 JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Wilson, M A AU - Burt, R AU - Lynn, W C AU - Klameth, L C Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 497 EP - 426 PB - Marcel Dekker, New York, NY VL - 28 IS - 6-8 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - clay KW - concentration KW - clastic sediments KW - variance analysis KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - suspended materials KW - size KW - sediments KW - oxides KW - testing KW - ecology KW - particulate materials KW - chemical composition KW - accuracy KW - instruments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52477643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Total+elemental+analysis+digestion+method+evaluation+on+soils+and+clays&rft.au=Wilson%2C+M+A%3BBurt%2C+R%3BLynn%2C+W+C%3BKlameth%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6-8&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - 12 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CSOSA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; chemical composition; clastic sediments; clay; concentration; ecology; grain size; granulometry; instruments; oxides; particulate materials; sediments; size; soils; statistical analysis; suspended materials; testing; variance analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the effects of nonpoint source pollution controls on Sny Magill Creek, Clayton County, Iowa AN - 52359619; 2000-041202 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Seigley, Lynette S AU - Wilton, Tom F AU - Wunder, Gaige AU - May, Jayne E AU - Schueller, Mike D AU - Birmingham, Mike W AU - Tisl, Jeff A AU - Palas, Eric A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 71 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - bedload KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - Clayton County Iowa KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - effects KW - nonpoint sources KW - Iowa KW - nutrients KW - controls KW - Sny Magill Creek KW - northeastern Iowa KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52359619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+effects+of+nonpoint+source+pollution+controls+on+Sny+Magill+Creek%2C+Clayton+County%2C+Iowa&rft.au=Seigley%2C+Lynette+S%3BWilton%2C+Tom+F%3BWunder%2C+Gaige%3BMay%2C+Jayne+E%3BSchueller%2C+Mike+D%3BBirmingham%2C+Mike+W%3BTisl%2C+Jeff+A%3BPalas%2C+Eric+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Seigley&rft.aufirst=Lynette&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 31st annual North-Central Section N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; Clayton County Iowa; controls; effects; Iowa; monitoring; nonpoint sources; northeastern Iowa; nutrients; pesticides; pollution; Sny Magill Creek; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical transfer from soil solution to surface runoff AN - 50168768; 1997-064870 AB - Three soils were exposed to three consecutive simulated rains under dry, wet, and water table conditions with gypsum as a tracer placed at a 5-mm depth to evaluate the extent and nature of chemical transfer from soil solution to runoff and to determine the effective depth of the mixing zone. No electrolyte release was detected in runoff during the dry run for any of the soils. Electrical conductivity decreased exponentially with time during the initial stages of the wet and water table runs. Results were consistent with the complete mixing concept, but they also suggest that the assumption of no chemical transfer into the mixing zone from below should be modified. The effective mixing depth appears to be less than 3-4 mm. Two timescale processes were identified. The fast rate process, driven by raindrop impact and confined to the mixing zone, causes an exponential depletion of chemicals from that zone. The slow rate process, dominated by molecular diffusion and mechanical dispersion, describes chemical transfer to the mixing zone from below. The identification of the two processes indicates that the fast rate process is adequate for approximating chemical loss under free drainage conditions, while otherwise the slow rate process must be considered. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Zhang, X C AU - Norton, D AU - Nearing, M A Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 809 EP - 815 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - desorption KW - surface water KW - rates KW - adsorption KW - solution KW - transport KW - mixing KW - runoff KW - water regimes KW - geochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50168768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Chemical+transfer+from+soil+solution+to+surface+runoff&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+D%3BNearing%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F96WR03908 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; desorption; experimental studies; geochemistry; hydrology; mixing; rates; runoff; soils; solution; surface water; transport; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96WR03908 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of oak wilt fungal mats by Ophiostoma piceae during spring in Minnesota AN - 17102474; 4410604 AB - The colonization of Ceratocystis fagacearum fungal mats of different ages by Ophiostoma piceae on Quercus spp. was determined in three east-central Minnesota locations during the spring of 1995. The extent of the mat area colonized by O. piceae generally increased with mat age. Subsamples per mat yielding the fungus for the three locations averaged 11 to 27% for immature mats, 65 to 72% for mature mats, and 66 to 96% for aging and declining mats. On a mat-incidence basis, frequencies of O. piceae isolation from at least one subsample of an immature mat ranged from 30 to 53% compared with more than 90% for all other mat ages in the three locations. The average number of colony-forming units of O. piceae per square centimeter ranged from 1 x 10 super(3) to 1.2 x 10 super(6) and increased with mat age. The extent of C. fagacearum recovery from each mat was lower for aging plus declining mats (P < 0.03) compared with other ages in two locations. On a mat-incidence basis, frequency of C. fagacearum recovery from at least one subsample of a mat averaged 99% for all ages of mats in all locations. The interaction between O. piceae and C. fagacearum on mats, nitidulids, and the oak wound surface is discussed. JF - Plant Disease AU - Juzwik, J AU - Meyer, J M AD - North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 410 EP - 414 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Minnesota KW - oak wilt KW - wilt KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Nitidulidae KW - Ceratocystis fagacearum KW - Quercus KW - Ophiostoma piceae KW - Graphium pirinum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+oak+wilt+fungal+mats+by+Ophiostoma+piceae+during+spring+in+Minnesota&rft.au=Juzwik%2C+J%3BMeyer%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Juzwik&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratocystis fagacearum; Graphium pirinum; Nitidulidae; Ophiostoma piceae; Quercus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of concentration of soda ash, temperature, and immersion period on the control of postharvest green mold of oranges AN - 16510377; 4414594 AB - Oranges were inoculated with spores of Penicillium digitatum, the citrus green mold pathogen, and immersed 24 h later in heated soda ash (Na sub(2)CO sub(3), sodium carbonate) solutions to control postharvest citrus green mold. Oranges were immersed for 1 or 2 min in solutions containing 0, 2, 4, or 6% (wt/vol) soda ash heated to 35.0, 40.6, 43.3, or 46.1 degree C. After 3 weeks of storage at 10 degree C, the number of decayed oranges was determined. Soda ash significantly controlled green mold in every test. The most effective control of green mold was obtained at 40.6 or 43.3 degree C with 4 or 6% soda ash. The concentration of soda ash greatly influenced efficacy, whereas the influences of temperature or immersion period on soda ash efficacy were small. Solutions of 4 and 6% soda ash were similar in efficacy and provided superior control of green mold compared with 2% soda ash. The control of green mold by soda ash solutions heated to 40.6 or 43.3 degree C was slightly superior to control by solutions heated to 35.0 or 46.1 degree C. The control of green mold by 1-min immersion of inoculated oranges in heated soda ash solutions was inferior to immersion for 2 min, but the magnitude of the difference, particularly with 6% soda ash, was small. A second-order response surface model without interactions was developed that closely described the influence of soda ash concentration, temperature, and immersion period on efficacy. The efficacy of soda ash under commercial conditions was better than that predicted by the model, probably because under commercial conditions the fruit were rinsed less thoroughly with water after treatment than in laboratory tests. The primary finding of this work was that soda ash controlled 24-h-old green mold infections at commercially useful levels using shorter immersion periods and lower temperatures than those recommended by other workers for the use of soda ash on lemons. The oranges were not visibly injured in any test. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Mackey, B E AU - Reese, R AU - Usall, J AU - Margosan, DA AD - Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 379 EP - 382 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - post-harvest decay KW - preservation KW - soda ash KW - sodium carbonate KW - spoilage KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16510377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Influence+of+concentration+of+soda+ash%2C+temperature%2C+and+immersion+period+on+the+control+of+postharvest+green+mold+of+oranges&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BMackey%2C+B+E%3BReese%2C+R%3BUsall%2C+J%3BMargosan%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of biotechnologically engineered vaccines and diagnostics in pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) eradication strategies AN - 16363214; 4314760 AB - Modern-day biotechnology has an almost unlimited number of possibilities for reducing the impact of hereditary and infectious diseases. To date one of its most visible and rewarding applications for veterinary medicine has been in the genetic engineering of vaccines and diagnostics to assist in the eventual eradication of pseudorabies (PR, Aujeszky's disease). In the following review we summarize some of the most pertinent issues relative to PR eradication and point out the present and potential role of biotechnology in achieving our goal. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Mengeling, W L AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Vorwald, A C AD - Virology Swine Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 49 EP - 60 VL - 55 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Aujeszky's disease KW - biotechnology KW - diagnostic agents KW - eradication KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16363214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+biotechnologically+engineered+vaccines+and+diagnostics+in+pseudorabies+%28Aujeszky%27s+disease%29+eradication+strategies&rft.au=Mengeling%2C+W+L%3BBrockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BVorwald%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Mengeling&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trace gas emissions from ecosystems of the Amazon basin AN - 16251445; 4237536 AB - Tropical forests of Amazonia play a major role in controlling the composition of the earth's atmosphere. Natural ecosystems of Amazonia contribute significant portions to the global budgets of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide. Amazon forest vegetation contributes to regional atmospheric chemistry as an important source of reduced gases such as volatile organics and carbon monoxide. The forest soils produce nitric oxide. Recent trends in land use change have led to increases in the sources of nitrous oxide and methane. The ozone precursor nitric oxide is internally recycled under forest conditions while deforestation leads to larger net emissions. We have limited knowledge of biosphere-atmosphere exchange of trace gases in Amazonia. However, recent advances in instrumentation approaches and the evolution in the design of interdisciplinary field campaigns enhance the prospects for successful study of this area in earth system science. JF - Ciencia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) AU - Keller, M AU - Melillo, J AU - De Mello, WZ AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intl. Inst. Trop. Forest., PO Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 87 EP - 97 VL - 49 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-6725, 0009-6725 KW - Brazil KW - environmental changes KW - forests KW - gas exchange KW - gas production KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ciencia+e+Cultura+%28Sao+Paulo%29&rft.atitle=Trace+gas+emissions+from+ecosystems+of+the+Amazon+basin&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BMelillo%2C+J%3BDe+Mello%2C+WZ&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ciencia+e+Cultura+%28Sao+Paulo%29&rft.issn=00096725&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambrosia beetle host selection among logs of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar with different ethanol and alpha -pinene concentrations AN - 16245788; 4239438 AB - Logs from Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii; western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla; and western red cedar, Thuja plicata, were left in the forest through winter. In April, segments from these logs were removed and randomly positioned adjacent to one another allowing ambrosia beetles to select their preferred host. In early June the tissues of Douglas fir and western hemlock logs contained significantly higher ethanol concentrations and ambrosia beetle (Trypodendron lineatum and Gnathotrichus spp.) densities than logs of western red cedar. Low beetle attack densities in western red cedar were probably a consequence of low ethanol concentrations. Although Douglas fir tissues produced significantly higher ethanol concentrations than western hemlock, the beetles did not effectively discriminate between these two conifer species. Ethanol and alpha -pinene were significant covariates for the ambrosia beetle densities. alpha -Pinene concentrations were highest in the phloem of western red cedar, intermediate in Douglas fir, and nearly absent in western hemlock. alpha -Pinene did not synergize the beetle's response to ethanol or to ethanol + pheromone during host selection, and it may have functioned as a deterrent. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kelsey, R G AU - Joseph, G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1035 EP - 1051 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Douglas fir KW - Douglas spruce KW - Engraver beetles KW - Oregon pine KW - Red fir KW - Striped ambrosia beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - Western redcedar KW - alpha -pinene KW - ethanol KW - host plants KW - host selection KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16245788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Ambrosia+beetle+host+selection+among+logs+of+Douglas+fir%2C+western+hemlock%2C+and+western+red+cedar+with+different+ethanol+and+alpha+-pinene+concentrations&rft.au=Kelsey%2C+R+G%3BJoseph%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of the fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and parasitoid, Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hym., Aphelinidae) on confined populations of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hom., Aphididae) under field conditions AN - 16223449; 4221068 AB - The natural enemies of Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) can play an important role in the dynamics of aphid populations. The aphelinid wasp parasite, Aphelinus asychis, and the hyphomycete fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, were evaluated separately and in combination against confined populations of D. noxia under field conditions. Groups of 10 infested barley plants were treated in a spray tower with either 10 ml of a fungal suspension (1.7 x 10 super(7) conidia/ml) [with and without incubation for 24 h under ideal conditions (Pfr; Pfr(24 h), respectively)] or four female A. asychis (Aa) or both fungus and parasitoids (Pfr + Aa). Insects treated with Pfr + Aa or Aa responded with higher mortality at 7 and 10 days post-treatment than controls or those receiving only the fungus. Laboratory studies confirmed mycosis in cadavers of D. noxia that were recovered from plants that had received fungal treatments ranged from 24.4 to 31.9% (Pfr); 26.6 to 43.3% (Pfr(24 h)) and 27.7 to 34.5% (Pfr + Aa). The total number of living aphids per plant was significantly lower in the treatments involving A. asychis than in all other treatments and controls throughout the test. Significantly lower numbers of D. noxia relative to controls were also observed 13 days post-treatment for the Pfr(24 h) treatment. At the termination of the test 13 days post-treatment, the density of aphids on plants treated with Pfr + Aa, Aa, Pfr(24 h) and Pfr was 38.2%, 43.1%, 70.5% and 91.9% of that observed on control plants, respectively. Significant differences in the percentages of aphid age groups were observed between treatments involving A. asychis and all other treatments and controls 13 days post-treatment; there was a significant reduction of the percentage of younger instar and relative increase in older instars for the treatments involving A. asychis. The dry weight of plants treated with Pfr + Aa was significantly greater than controls 13 days post-treatment. These studies reveal an additive effect of P. fumosoroseus and A. asychis with regard to aphid control with no detrimental effects on the percentage of parasitism nor parasitoid emergence when the two agents were used together. JF - Journal of Applied Entomology AU - Mesquita, ALM AU - Lacey, LA AU - Leclant, F AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA, ARS, Montpellier, France Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 121 IS - 3 SN - 0931-2048, 0931-2048 KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - pathogens KW - population dynamics KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04710:Control KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16223449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+the+fungus%2C+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+and+parasitoid%2C+Aphelinus+asychis+Walker+%28Hym.%2C+Aphelinidae%29+on+confined+populations+of+Russian+wheat+aphid%2C+Diuraphis+noxia+%28Mordvilko%29+%28Hom.%2C+Aphididae%29+under+field+conditions&rft.au=Mesquita%2C+ALM%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BLeclant%2C+F&rft.aulast=Mesquita&rft.aufirst=ALM&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.issn=09312048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatibility of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses and inherited sterility for control of corn earworm and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16113769; 4215598 AB - Inherited sterility has been proposed as a means of suppressing the populations of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). If nuclear polyhedrosis viruses could be used to kill larvae, thereby reducing the number of moths in the field populations, fewer moths treated with substerilizing doses of irradiation would need to be released. However, for these two methods to be compatible, the progeny of substerile moths should be no more susceptible to the virus than the progeny of the field populations. The corn earworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Elcar super(TM)) was bioassayed against corn earworm larvae from untreated moths and larvae from male, female, and male and female moths treated with 100 Gy of irradiation and larvae from male moths treated with 150 Gy of irradiation. The fall armyworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus was bioassayed against fall armyworm larvae from untreated moths and larvae from male moths treated with 100 to 150 Gy of irradiation. There was no significant difference between susceptibility of larvae from untreated moths and larvae from irradiated moths. Thus, the use of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses for control of larvae should be compatible with the release of substerilized moths as part of an integrated pest management approach for area-wide management of the corn earworm and fall armyworm. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Hamm, J J AU - Carpenter, JE AD - Insect Biol. and Population Manage. Res. Lab., USDA, ARS, P. O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 148 EP - 153 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Bollworm KW - Corn earworm KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Fall armyworm KW - pathology KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - integrated control KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - viruses KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16113769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Compatibility+of+nuclear+polyhedrosis+viruses+and+inherited+sterility+for+control+of+corn+earworm+and+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Hamm%2C+J+J%3BCarpenter%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Hamm&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; viruses; integrated control; pathology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of forest management effects on nitrate removal by riparian buffer systems AN - 16112301; 4208139 AB - A study was conducted to determine the impact of different forest management techniques on shallow groundwater quality in coastal plain riparian zones. Considerable past research had shown that riparian zones are effective in removing or assimilating nitrates entering from upslope agricultural fields via shallow lateral flow, but the impact of different forest management techniques on this process was unknown. The study was conducted at a site near Tifton, Georgia, on a second-order coastal plain stream. The riparian buffer system consisted of a grass buffer, a managed forest zone, and a forest zone adjacent to the stream. Three forest treatments were studied: mature forest (MF), clearcut (CC), and selective thinning (ST). Following a nine-month pretreatment period, trees were completely or selectively removed from the CC and ST treatments, respectively. Shallow groundwater quality was evaluated in networks of wells on transects extending downslope from the edge of the agricultural field to the stream. Results from the study showed that all three forest management treatments were effective in assimilating nitrate-nitrogen (NO sub(3)-N). Significant differences in NO sub(3)-N concentrations in the shallow groundwater between the three different treatments did not occur. The only statistically significant effect that was observed on groundwater quality was under the CC treatment, where solute concentrations (both NO sub(3)-N and chloride [Cl]) decreased after the tree cutting. This was attributed to a combination of effects including possible increased NO sub(3)-N uptake by rapidly growing vegetation, dilution associated with less evapotranspiration by young vegetation as compared to mature forest, and more throughfall of rainfall under the CC than under the other two treatments. No treatment effects were observed on ammonium-nitrogen (NH sub(4)-N) concentrations. Overall the study showed that regardless of forest management techniques, coastal plain riparian forests are effective in assimilating NO sub(3)-N. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Lowrance, R AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 383 EP - 394 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - riparian buffer systems KW - USA, Georgia, Tifton KW - forest management KW - coastal plains KW - Riparian Land KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - nonpoint pollution KW - riparian environments KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - water quality KW - nitrates KW - groundwater pollution KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+forest+management+effects+on+nitrate+removal+by+riparian+buffer+systems&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BLowrance%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrates; water quality; forest management; coastal plains; Riparian Land; nonpoint pollution sources; groundwater pollution; forests; nonpoint pollution; riparian environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of vegetable oil to remove nitrate from flowing groundwater AN - 16105343; 4204281 AB - This study investigated the use of vegetable oil to cleanse nitrate from groundwater. The hypothesis on which the study was based was that oil trapped in the soil matrix would form an immobile organic zone through which water flows; nitrate in the water would be removed as microbial denitrifiers utilized the oil as a carbon source. Laboratory studies show that the procedure has merit. Both corn and soybean oil rapidly stimulated native bacteria to remove nitrate from water in static anaerobic bioreactors. Soybean oil /water mixtures ranging from 0.8 to 12.5% oil in water were tested and all were effective at supporting denitrification. Also, denitrification occurred rapidly at nitrate concentrations up to 2000 ppm NO sub(3)-N. In addition to studies with static bioreactors, soil column studies were conducted. Soybean oil injected into 2.5 x 34 cm columns containing aquifer matrix or sand removed nitrate from flowing water. Flow rates of up to 600 mL/day were successful. Innocuous vegetable oil may provide the basis for a simple and inexpensive method of nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hunter, W J AU - Follett, R F AU - Cary, J W AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 345 EP - 354 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - vegetable oil KW - performance evaluation KW - soil bacteria KW - pollutant removal KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - nitrates KW - oil KW - remediation KW - flow rates KW - denitrification KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16105343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Use+of+vegetable+oil+to+remove+nitrate+from+flowing+groundwater&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+J%3BFollett%2C+R+F%3BCary%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remediation; oil; nitrates; flow rates; groundwater pollution; denitrification; performance evaluation; soil bacteria; pollutant removal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing effects of mitigation strategies for global climate change with an intertemporal model of the U.S. forest and agriculture sectors AN - 16102848; 4203755 AB - A model of product and land markets in U.S. forest and agricultural sectors is used to examine the private forest management, land use, and market implications of carbon sequestration policies implemented in a "least social cost" fashion. Results suggest: policy-induced land use changes may generate compensating land use shifts through markets; land use shifts to meet policy targets need not be permanent; implementation of land use and management changes in a smooth or regular fashion over time may not be optimal; and primary forms of adjustment to meet carbon policy targets involve shifting of land from agriculture to forest and more intensive forest management in combinations varying with the policy target. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Alig, R AU - Adams, D AU - McCarl, B AU - Callaway, J M AU - Winnett, S AD - USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 259 EP - 274 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - environment management KW - climatic changes KW - USA KW - afforestation KW - carbon KW - federal policies KW - land use KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16102848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Assessing+effects+of+mitigation+strategies+for+global+climate+change+with+an+intertemporal+model+of+the+U.S.+forest+and+agriculture+sectors&rft.au=Alig%2C+R%3BAdams%2C+D%3BMcCarl%2C+B%3BCallaway%2C+J+M%3BWinnett%2C+S&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; climatic changes; afforestation; land use; carbon; environment management; federal policies; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotype composition of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomiidae) populations from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina and Virginia AN - 16102065; 4206917 AB - Fourteen populations of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia were evaluated for biotype composition, and two Arkansas populations were tested for response to Hessian fly resistance genes or gene combinations H3, H5, H6, H7H8, and H9 to H19 in wheat. The biotype composition of Hessian fly populations was estimated by confining individual gravid females on the four wheat differential cultivars 'Monon' (H3), 'Magnum' (H5), 'Caldwell' (H6), and 'Seneca' (H7H8). The response of Arkansas fly populations to resistance genes was evaluated in replicated tests with wheat germplasm lines or cultivars homozygous for these genes. Hessian fly populations from Arkansas were predominately biotype L, with low levels of biotypes F, G, J, M, and O, depending upon population. Biotype L was predominant in the Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia populations, although biotype D was present in populations from extreme southwestern Illinois and Virginia and North Carolina. Biotypes G, J, L, M, and O were identified from the west-central Georgia population collected at Griffin, while only biotypes M and O were identified from the southwestern Georgia population, collected at Plains. All fly populations were virulent to resistance genes H3, H5, and H6, while the southwestern Georgia population was avirulent to H7H8. Plants with single resistance genes H9 to H19 varied significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) in their resistance to the two Arkansas populations. Plants with single resistance genes H9, H10, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 conditioned resistance (88 to 100%) to both populations, while plants with single genes H11, H12, or H15 were susceptible to one or both populations. Wheat germplasm lines developed in the Purdue/USDA program that carry single gene resistances H9, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 should provide useful sources of resistance for developing improved wheat cultivars adapted to the mid-south and southeastern United States. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Ratcliffe, R H AU - Ohm, H W AU - Patterson, F L AU - Cambron, SE AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Prot. and Pest Control Res. Unit, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1158, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 154 EP - 164 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Diptera KW - Cecidomiidae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mayetiola destructor KW - Cecidomyiidae KW - pest resistance KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - biotypes KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16102065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Biotype+composition+of+Hessian+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Cecidomiidae%29+populations+from+Arkansas%2C+Georgia%2C+Illinois%2C+North+Carolina+and+Virginia&rft.au=Ratcliffe%2C+R+H%3BOhm%2C+H+W%3BPatterson%2C+F+L%3BCambron%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Ratcliffe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cecidomyiidae; Triticum aestivum; Mayetiola destructor; Diptera; USA; biotypes; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understory species composition and production in old-growth western hemlock - Sitka spruce forests of southeastern Alaska AN - 16100764; 4206883 AB - Vascular understory species composition and production were studied in 36 stands in both northern and southern portions of southeastern Alaska, United States. Understory composition and production were related to site factors of soil drainage and slope and overstory factors of species composition, stand age, canopy coverage, and mass (net wood volume). Principal floristic gradients were dominated by differences in production of Alaska blueberry (Vaccinium alaskaense How.), skunk-cabbage (Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John), and lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth). Soil drainage was the principal environmental factor determining understory species composition. Soil drainage also determined overstory mass and, consequently, total understory production, presumably through effects of overstory mass on light interception. Well-drained sites were more productive of trees and less productive of understory than were poorly drained sites. Relations between windthrow, soil drainage, overstory mass, and understory species composition and production are interactive in these excessively wet, old-growth forests. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Hanley, T A AU - Brady, W W AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., P.O. Box 20909, Juneau, AK 99802-0909, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 574 EP - 580 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - environmental factors KW - species composition KW - plant communities KW - understory KW - old growth KW - productivity KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Understory+species+composition+and+production+in+old-growth+western+hemlock+-+Sitka+spruce+forests+of+southeastern+Alaska&rft.au=Hanley%2C+T+A%3BBrady%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska; plant communities; understory; species composition; productivity; environmental factors; old growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headcut migration analysis of a compacted soil AN - 16097262; 4202866 AB - Predicting headcut migration is a complex problem. The rate of headcut migration is of specific interest for engineers designing earthen spillways and embankments. Headcut migration tests of a compacted soil were conducted in a 1.8-m wide and 29-m long flume with 2.4-m high sidewalls. Three simple physically based headcut migration equations that separately group material-dependent parameters and flow-dependent parameters are used in this study to analyze results of the headcut migration study. The purpose of this article is (1) to relate the material-dependent factors of these equations to material property measurements; and (2) to determine the appropriate adjustment algorithm for these material-dependent factors for multiple material layers. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hanson, G J AU - Robinson, K M AU - Cook, K R AD - USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 355 EP - 362 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - headcut migration KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - migration KW - model studies KW - flumes KW - erosion KW - soil compaction KW - mathematical equations KW - algorithms KW - gullies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16097262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Headcut+migration+analysis+of+a+compacted+soil&rft.au=Hanson%2C+G+J%3BRobinson%2C+K+M%3BCook%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; migration; soil compaction; gullies; flumes; mathematical equations; erosion; model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of lipoxygenase activity by bacterial hopanoids AN - 16091360; 4200781 AB - Tetrahydroxybacteriohopane (1), a bacterial hopanoid, inhibited soybean 15-lipoxygenase with an IC sub(50) of about 10 mu M. After per-O-acetylation of 1 no inhibition of the 15-lipoxygenase was observed. Two other bacterial hopanoids, tetrahydroxybacteriohopane glucosamine (2) and tetrahydroxybacteriohopane ether (3), stimulated the activity of soybean 15-lipoxygenase. The activities of two other arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzymes, human 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin H synthase, were unaffected by 1. JF - Journal of Natural Products AU - Moreau, R A AU - Agnew, J AU - Hicks, K B AU - Powell, MJ AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 397 EP - 398 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - 15-lipoxygenase KW - tetrahydroxybacteriohopane KW - hopanoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Glycine max KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+lipoxygenase+activity+by+bacterial+hopanoids&rft.au=Moreau%2C+R+A%3BAgnew%2C+J%3BHicks%2C+K+B%3BPowell%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zymomonas mobilis; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic benefits of maintaining ecological integrity of Rio Mameyes, in Puerto Rico AN - 16067841; 4108355 AB - A contingent valuation in-person survey of Puerto Rican households was performed to estimate their willingness to pay for preserving instream flows in the Rio Mameyes and avoiding a dam on the Rio Fajardo. Households annual willingness-to-pay amount was $27 for the Rio Mameyes and $28 for the Rio Fajardo. When expanded to the one million households in Puerto Rico on an annual basis this amounts to $11.33 million for the Rio Mameyes and $13.09 million for the Rio Fajardo. The household values can be compared to the costs of repairing water lines and in-home water conservation measures to determine whether there are more net benefits to these alternative sources of water than withdrawals from the Rio Mameyes. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Gonzalez-Caban, A AU - Loomis, J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., Forest Fire Lab., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 63 EP - 75 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico, Mameyes R. KW - Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rico, Rio Mameyes KW - conservation KW - dams KW - ecological balance KW - economic aspects KW - economics KW - instream flow KW - nature conservation KW - public concern KW - water conservation KW - water supplies KW - water supply KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water management KW - Freshwater KW - ecology KW - rivers KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Economic+benefits+of+maintaining+ecological+integrity+of+Rio+Mameyes%2C+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Gonzalez-Caban%2C+A%3BLoomis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gonzalez-Caban&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nature conservation; water supply; water conservation; conservation; dams; water management; ecological balance; economics; ecology; rivers; water supplies; public concern; Puerto Rico; instream flow; economic aspects; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roadside soils: A corridor for invasion of xeric scrub by nonindigenous plants AN - 16043742; 4091983 AB - Invasion of ecosystems by nonindigenous species threatens native biodiversity by altering species composition and site characteristics, and by potentially impacting endangered species. We compared plant communities and soil characteristics along clay, limerock, and unmodified sand roadsides, and in adjacent clearcuts in xeric Florida sand pine scrub to test our hypothesis that modified soils used in constructing roadways provide a roadside corridor for invasion by nonindigenous species and species that are uncharacteristic of xeric scrub. Clay and limerock roadsides had more clay and less sand than sand roadsides or clearcuts. Soil pH and levels of several nutrients differed significantly in limerock roadsides relative to the other substrates. In general, sand roadsides and clearcuts had higher characteristic but lower uncharacteristic and nonindigenous plant cover and number of species than modified roadside substrates. This suggests that xeric scrub may be somewhat resistant to invasion where native soils are present, even if disturbed. However, presence of nonindigenous species suggests that roadways facilitate the transport of source propagules to otherwise remote sites. Especially where roadside and native soil characteristics differ markedly, conditions may be enhanced for invasion by nonindigenous and uncharacteristic plants. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Crownover, SH AU - Gordon AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Bent Creek Res. and Demonstration Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd., Asheville, NC 28806, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 99 EP - 109 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population establishment KW - USA, Florida KW - roadsides KW - plants KW - soil characteristics KW - exotic species KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16043742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Roadside+soils%3A+A+corridor+for+invasion+of+xeric+scrub+by+nonindigenous+plants&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BCrownover%2C+SH%3BGordon&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Florida; plants; exotic species; population establishment; soil characteristics; roadsides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suitability of the North American weeds Sesbania exaltata and S. drummondii (Leguminosae) as hosts for Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus and Trichapion lativentre (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Argentina AN - 16039593; 4085827 AB - Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus (Oliver) and Trichapion lativentre (Beguin-Billecocq) are 2 South American weevils successfully used for the biological control of Sesbania punicea (Cavanille) Benth. in South Africa. The potential of these insects as control agents for the weeds Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. and S. drummondii (Rydb.) Cory in the United States was studied in Argentina. Estimation of adult consumption, the food preference of adult insects on 5 species of Sesbania (3 native hosts and the 2 weeds mentioned above), the capacity of the insects to complete their life cycle on the weeds, and the weed infestation by wild populations in the laboratory garden were studied. The consumption of N. quadrivitattus on both north American weeds did not differ from that on native hosts. Similar consumption was observed for T. lativentre feeding on S. drummondii. S. exaltata showed the lowest consumption. The feeding preference of N. quadrivittatus was similar to that of its natural host plants. In the case of T. lativentre, results on only S. drummondii were comparable to that of its natural hosts. Both insects were able to complete their life cycles on the weeds. In the garden, there was a marked preference by the weevils for S. drummondii. S. exaltata was not attacked by T. lativentre and no test was carried out with N. quadrivittatus. We concluded that both insects are good biocontrol candidates for S. drummondii, whereas only N. quadrivittatus is a promising control agent for S. exaltata. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Logarzo, G A AU - Casalinuovo, MA AD - South American Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Bolivar 1559, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 343 EP - 348 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus KW - Trichapion lativentre KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - Sesbania drummondii KW - Argentina KW - Curculionidae KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suitability+of+the+North+American+weeds+Sesbania+exaltata+and+S.+drummondii+%28Leguminosae%29+as+hosts+for+Neodiplogrammus+quadrivittatus+and+Trichapion+lativentre+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+Argentina&rft.au=Logarzo%2C+G+A%3BCasalinuovo%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Logarzo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Sesbania exaltata; Sesbania drummondii; Argentina; weed control; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of free-ranging elk from Wyoming and Montana for selected pathogens AN - 16034358; 4088667 AB - From December 1991 through January 1995, a disease survey was conducted on herds of free-ranging, hunter-killed elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) from three areas in proximity to Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming (USA), after tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis was discovered in a captive herd of elk in the area. Complete or partial sets of specimens from 289 elk collected between December 1991 and January 1993 were examined histologically: no mycobacterial lesions were observed. Lesions of tuberculosis were not detected in tonsils or lymph nodes of the head from an additional 99 hunter-killed, adult elk from one area (area 2) collected in January 1995. Neither M. bovis nor M. paratuberculosis were isolated from any of the specimens cultured. Antibodies to Brucella abortus were detected in serum samples from 0%, 1%, and 1% of elk from three areas sampled (areas 1, 2, and 3), respectively. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from multiple tissues from one seropositive animal from area 3. Larvae with morphology consistent with Dictyocaulus sp. were found in 12%, 14%, and 0% of fecal specimens tested from areas 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Pasteurella multocida and Actinomyces pyogenes were isolated from a lung with purulent bronchopneumonia and abseesses. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Rhyan, J C AU - Aune, K AU - Ewalt AU - Marquardt, J AU - Mertins, J W AU - Payeur, J B AU - Saari, DA AU - Schladweiler, P AU - Sheehan, E J AU - Worley, D AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, P.O. Box 844, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 290 EP - 298 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Cervus elaphus-nelsoni KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Brucella abortus KW - Actinomyces pyogenes KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - USA, Montana KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Survey+of+free-ranging+elk+from+Wyoming+and+Montana+for+selected+pathogens&rft.au=Rhyan%2C+J+C%3BAune%2C+K%3BEwalt%3BMarquardt%2C+J%3BMertins%2C+J+W%3BPayeur%2C+J+B%3BSaari%2C+DA%3BSchladweiler%2C+P%3BSheehan%2C+E+J%3BWorley%2C+D&rft.aulast=Rhyan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Brucella abortus; Pasteurella multocida; Actinomyces pyogenes; USA, Montana; USA, Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host specificity of Coniatus tamarisci (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from France: Potential biological control agent of Tamarix spp. in the United States AN - 16033642; 4086580 AB - The feeding behavior and host specificity of Coniatus tamarisci F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Hyperini) were studied in southern France. The results of the experiments and observations supported the potential of this species and its safe use as a biological control agent for saltcedar, Tamarix ramosissima Ledebourg, in North America. Adults and larvae fed on saltcedar buds, leaves, and stems during the entire vegetative phase of the host plant, limiting its growth. Under no-choice, starvation conditions on caged plants, adult feeding and oviposition were restricted to species in the genus Tamarix and to the closely related Myricaria germanica (L.) Desvaux, also belonging to the family Tamaricaceae. The heaviest damage and oviposition were on saltcedar, and feeding was light on T. aphylla (L.) Karsten. Among the species tested, the weevil completed its development only on saltcedar and M. germanica and not on T. aphylla or T. parviflora DC. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fornasari, L AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, BP 4168-Agropolis, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 349 EP - 356 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Coniatus tamarisci KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Tamarix KW - biological control KW - France KW - USA KW - Curculionidae KW - host specificity KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16033642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+specificity+of+Coniatus+tamarisci+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+from+France%3A+Potential+biological+control+agent+of+Tamarix+spp.+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Fornasari%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fornasari&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tamarix; Curculionidae; France; USA; biological control; host specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercontinental differences in the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Escape from natural enemies? AN - 16033315; 4086586 AB - The absence of natural enemies often allows exotic pests to reach densities that are much higher than normally occur in their native habitats. When Solenopsis fire ants were introduced into the United States, their numerous natural enemies were left behind in South America. To compare intercontinental fire ant densities, we selected 13 areas in South America and another 12 areas in North America. Sample areas were paired with weather stations and distributed across a broad range of climatic conditions. In each area, we measured fire ant densities at 5 preselected roadside sites that were at least 5 km apart. At each site, we also measured foraging activity, checked for polygyne colonies, and recorded various kinds of environmental data. In most areas, we also measured fire ant densities in lawns and grazing land. Fire ant populations along roadsides in North America were 4-7 times higher than fire ant populations in South America. Similar intercontinental differences were found in lawns and on grazing lands. These intercontinental differences in fire ant abundance were not associated with sampling conditions, seasonal variability, habitat differences, or the frequency of polygyny. Although several correlations were found with long-term weather conditions, careful inspection of the data suggests that these correlations were probably more coincidental than causal. Cultural differences in roadside maintenance may explain some of the intercontinental differences in fire ant abundance, but they did not account for equivalent intercontinental differences in grazing land and mowed lawns. Bait tests showed that competition with other ants was much more important in South America; however, we were not able to determine whether this was a major cause of intercontinental differences or largely a consequence of other factors such as the numerous pathogens and parasites that are found in South America. Because this study was correlational, we were unable to determine the cause(s) of the large intercontinental difference in fire ant abundance that we observed. However, we were able to largely exclude a number of possible explanations for the differences, including sampling, season, polygyny, climate, and aspects of habitat. By a process of elimination, escape from natural enemies remains among the most likely explanations for the unusually high densities of fire ants found in North America. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Porter, S D AU - Williams, D F AU - Patterson, R S AU - Fowler, H G AD - Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 373 EP - 384 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - geographical variations KW - exotic species KW - natural enemies KW - Solenopsis KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16033315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Intercontinental+differences+in+the+abundance+of+Solenopsis+fire+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29%3A+Escape+from+natural+enemies%3F&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D%3BWilliams%2C+D+F%3BPatterson%2C+R+S%3BFowler%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis; Formicidae; population density; natural enemies; exotic species; geographical variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attractiveness of synthetic corn volatiles to feral northern and western corn rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16028560; 4095134 AB - Synthetic corn volatiles and selected analogues were tested in corn fields for attractiveness to feral adults of northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Attractiveness of test compounds was compared with that of reference standards, geranylacetone and (+)- alpha -terpineol for northern and western corn rootworm, respectively, and with two structural isomers of the reference standards, nerylacetone and (+)- alpha -terpinen-4-ol, which were the only test compounds not reported from corn. Compounds attractive to northern corn rootworms included nerylacetone, linalool, and geranyl acetate, although the best captures were only approximately 20% of those on traps baited with the geranylacetone reference standard. Linalool proved to be an effective western corn rootworm attractant that captured as many females as the (+)- alpha -terpineol reference standard. Methyl salicylate also showed moderate attractiveness to western corn rootworm females. Marginal captures (but statistically higher than control) of western corn rootworm females occurred on traps baited with nerylacetone, geranyl acetate, geraniol, and (-)- alpha -pinene. Linalool was the only new compound to attract western corn rootworm males, but the highest capture was only about twice that of control. Compounds that failed to attract either species or sex in numbers significantly exceeding control were (+)- alpha -terpinen-4-ol, (+)- alpha -pinene, carvacrol, thymol, and 1-octen-3-ol. Kairomonal attractants so far identified for corn rootworm adults generally are widely distributed in nature and thus unlikely to account for specificity of host-finding responses except as components of unique odorant blends. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hammack, L AD - Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 311 EP - 317 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Zea mays KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Chrysomelidae KW - attractancy KW - volatiles KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16028560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Attractiveness+of+synthetic+corn+volatiles+to+feral+northern+and+western+corn+rootworm+beetles+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Hammack%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Zea mays; volatiles; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatially distributed sensible heat flux over a semiarid watershed. Part II: Use of a variable resistance approach with radiometric surface temperatures AN - 16026311; 4092796 AB - Radiometric surface temperature images from aircraft observations over the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, a semiarid rangeland watershed, were used with ground-based meteorological data at a reference site for extrapolating estimates of surface sensible heat flux across the basin. Two approaches were used. One method assumed that the resistance to heat transport and other meteorological data at a reference site were constant over the watershed. This resulted in a simple scheme (constant resistance approach) for computing spatially distributed sensible heat flux since the variation in sensible heat flux was directly proportional to surface temperature differences from the reference site. The second approach (the variable resistance approach) used spatially distributed estimates of the surface roughness for momentum and heat, as well as air temperature and wind speed. The sensible heat flux values derived by both techniques were compared to measurements made at several other locations in the watershed for three different days. The environmental conditions for these days ranged from uniformly dry surface soil moisture to variably wet conditions caused by several high intensity and spatially variable rainfall events. Comparisons between these two schemes with observations indicated that the more detailed method of accounting for changes in surface roughness over the basin gave significantly better agreement than the simpler scheme. The average percentage of difference with measured values was 30% for the constant resistance approach compared to approximately 20% for the variable resistance method. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Kustas, W P AU - Humes, K S AD - USDA/ARS Hydrol. Lab., Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 293 EP - 301 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - sensible heat flux KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - fluctuations KW - spatial distribution KW - comparison studies KW - semiarid lands KW - resistance KW - watersheds KW - radiometry KW - heat KW - temperature KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16026311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Spatially+distributed+sensible+heat+flux+over+a+semiarid+watershed.+Part+II%3A+Use+of+a+variable+resistance+approach+with+radiometric+surface+temperatures&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BHumes%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - comparison studies; semiarid lands; watersheds; spatial distribution; heat; fluctuations; radiometry; resistance; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some problems associated with the use of well water in hatching eggs and holding fish AN - 16025797; 4076954 AB - Well water is the main source of water for hatching fish eggs and holding fish in vats or tanks. In regions with abundant ground water, well water is dependable and the temperature is relatively constant. It is usually free of pollutants, suspended material, predatory organisms, and fish disease pathogens. However, in some fish production areas the well water can contain high levels of ammonia, iron, and carbon dioxide, low levels of dissolved oxygen and calcium (a hardness component), or acidic waters that can react with certain metal pipes or vats causing harm to fish and eggs. This article discusses fluctuations in the quality of water from wells, some problems associated with well water usage and management techniques to overcome these problems. JF - Aquaculture Magazine AU - Mitchell, A J AU - Bo Collins, C AD - Agric. Res. Serv. USDA P.O. Box 860, Stuttgart, AK, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 91 EP - 94 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0199-1388, 0199-1388 KW - fish culture KW - fish eggs KW - wells KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16025797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.atitle=Some+problems+associated+with+the+use+of+well+water+in+hatching+eggs+and+holding+fish&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+A+J%3BBo+Collins%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.issn=01991388&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; fish culture; fish eggs; wells; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the hazard to granivorous birds feeding on chemically treated seeds AN - 16023287; 4085131 AB - Current methods for evaluating hazards to seed-eating birds are based on estimated exposure per unit area and assume that birds ingest all of the chemical on a treated seed. In an earlier study, however, it was determined that red-winged blackbirds removed only about 15% of an insecticidal treatment applied to individual rice seeds. Here, we extend those findings by examining the seed-handling behavior of four granivorous bird species exposed to millet, rice, sunflower and sorghum treated with imidacloprid. Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura L.) swallowed the seed whole. House finches (Carpodacus mexicanus Mueller), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major Vieillot) discarded the seed hulls, however, and removed only 15-40% of the initial chemical treatment. Residues on seed hulls decreased as handling time increased. Sunflowers had the lowest residues because birds repeatedly handled the hull to remove bits of the oily kernel. These results suggest that avian hazard assessment methods should incorporate species-typical seed-handling behavior to assess more accurately birds' exposure to chemicals on different types of seed. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Avery, M L AU - Fischer, D L AU - Primus, T M AD - USDA, National Wildlife Research Center, 2820 E. University Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 362 EP - 366 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - imidacloprid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Carpodacus mexicanus KW - Zenaida macroura KW - risk assessment KW - seeds KW - pesticides KW - Quiscalus major KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16023287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+hazard+to+granivorous+birds+feeding+on+chemically+treated+seeds&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BFischer%2C+D+L%3BPrimus%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zenaida macroura; Carpodacus mexicanus; Agelaius phoeniceus; Quiscalus major; seeds; pesticides; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorescence and relative activities of stilbene optical brighteners as enhancers for the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus AN - 16018188; 4091207 AB - Eight structurally related stilbene optical brighteners were compared as enhancers for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV). Five of the 8 brighteners acted as activity enhancers (Blankophor HRS, P167, BBH, RKH, and Tinopal LPW); but Blankophor BSU, DML, and LPG did not enhance the activity of LdNPV. The most effective brighteners (BBH, RKH, and LPW) reduced LC sub(50)s from 800- to 1,300-fold. LT sub(50)s were influenced by some brighteners (HRS, LPW, BBH, RKH) but not by others (LPG, DML, BSU). All 8 brighteners exhibited fluorescence, which was concentration dependent. The most fluorescent brighteners were LPW, BBH, RKH, and P167, and the least fluorescent brighteners were LPG and DML. In general, the most active brighteners (i.e., those exhibiting the greatest viral enhancement) tended to exhibit the greatest fluorescence, and the least active brighteners tended to exhibit the least fluorescence. Although pHs of the brighteners ranged from 7 to 10, no correlation was found between pH and activity enhancement. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Argauer, R AU - Shapiro, M AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 416 EP - 420 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - optical brighteners KW - Lymantria dispara KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - pathogens KW - baculovirus KW - fluorescence KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Fluorescence+and+relative+activities+of+stilbene+optical+brighteners+as+enhancers+for+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+baculovirus&rft.au=Argauer%2C+R%3BShapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Argauer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baculovirus; Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; fluorescence; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef and chicken: determination of D- and z-values AN - 16014205; 4088637 AB - Thermal inactivation of a four-strain mixture of E. coli 0157:H7 was determined in 90% lean ground beef, and lean ground chicken. Inoculated meat was packaged in bags which were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, and 65 degree C for predetermined lengths of time. D-values, determined by linear regression, in beef were 21.13, 4.95, 3.17, 0.93 and 0.39 min, respectively (z = 6.0 degree C). Using a survival model for non-linear survival curves, D-values in beef ranged from 20.45 min (D sub(1); and there was no D sub(2)) at 55 degree C to 0.16 min (D sub(1)) and 1.45 min (D sub(2)) at 65 degree C. When E. coli O157:H7 four-strain cocktail was heated in chicken, D-values calculated by both approaches were consistently less at all temperatures. The heat resistance of E. coli O157:H7 was not altered after refrigerated or frozen storage of inoculated beef for 48 h. The results of this study will be beneficial to the food industry in designing HACCP plans to effectively eliminate E. coli 0157:H7 in the meat products used in this study. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Snyder, OP Jr AU - Marmer, B S AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 231 EP - 237 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - heat treatments KW - poultry KW - beef KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16014205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Thermal+destruction+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+beef+and+chicken%3A+determination+of+D-+and+z-values&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BSnyder%2C+OP+Jr%3BMarmer%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; beef; poultry; heat treatments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of PCR primers from internal transcribed spacer region 2 for detection of Phytophthora species infecting potatoes AN - 16013797; 4088810 AB - We developed PCR primers and assay methods to detect and differentiate three Phytophthora species which infect potatoes and cause late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and pink rot (P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae) diseases. Primers based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer region 2 of ribosomal DNA produced PCR products of 456 bp (P. infestans), 136 bp (P. erythroseptica), and 455 bp (P. nicotianae) and were used to detect the pathogens in potato leaf (P. infestans) and tuber (P. infestans, P. erythroseptica, and P. nicotianae) tissue with a sensitivity limit of 1 to 10 pg of DNA. Leaf and tuber tissue were processed for PCR by a rapid NaOH method as well as a method based on the use of commercially available ion-exchange columns. P. infestans primers and the rapid NaOH extraction method were used to detect late blight in artificially and naturally infected tubers of potato cultivar Red LaSoda. In sampling studies, P. infestans was detected by PCR from artificially infected tubers at 4 days postinoculation, before any visible symptoms were present. The PCR assay and direct tissue extraction methods provide tools which may be used to detect Phytophthora pathogens in potato seedlots and storages and thus limit the transmission and spread of new, aggressive strains of P. infestans in U.S. potato-growing regions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tooley, P W AU - Bunyard, BA AU - Carras, M M AU - Hatziloukas, E AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Bldg. 1301, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1467 EP - 1475 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - blight KW - rot KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - late blight KW - spacer region KW - DNA KW - Phytophthora KW - pink rot KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+PCR+primers+from+internal+transcribed+spacer+region+2+for+detection+of+Phytophthora+species+infecting+potatoes&rft.au=Tooley%2C+P+W%3BBunyard%2C+BA%3BCarras%2C+M+M%3BHatziloukas%2C+E&rft.aulast=Tooley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; Solanum tuberosum; DNA; spacer region; polymerase chain reaction; blight; late blight; pink rot; rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed germination regulation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) and its ecological significance AN - 16012559; 4081169 AB - Bromus tectorum is a winter annual grass that has become extensively naturalized in western North America. Its seeds are usually at least conditionally dormant at dispersal and lose dormancy through dry afterripening. Germination response to temperature for recently harvested seeds and rate of change in germination response during afterripening were examined for collections from 21 western North American populations representing a wide array of habitats. Analysis of variance showed highly significant among-population differences in germination response variables. Principal components analysis of 20 germination variables revealed groups of populations that could be characterized by distinct response syndromes. Degree of dormancy at summer temperatures in recently harvested seeds as well as rate of dormancy loss during dry storage could be related to the risk of premature summer germination in different habitats. Mojave Desert populations showed the most clearly differentiated response. Populations from Intermountain desert and foothill habitats showed intermediate responses and did not form distinct groups. Montane populations showed the widest variation. Fully afterripened seeds from all populations were nondormant and could germinate quickly across a wide temperature range. These results demonstrate the existence of adaptively significant variation in germination response. Such variation probably represents the beginning of genetic differentiation as a result of selection among and within founder populations. Lack of a consistent relationship with habitat reflects the stochastic nature of colonization and the fact that diverse germination strategies may permit persistence, especially in less extreme habitats. JF - Oikos AU - Meyer, SE AU - Allen, P A AU - Beckstead, J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Shrub Sci. Lab., Provo, UT 84606, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 475 EP - 485 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - seed germination KW - Bromus tectorum KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16012559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Seed+germination+regulation+in+Bromus+tectorum+%28Poaceae%29+and+its+ecological+significance&rft.au=Meyer%2C+SE%3BAllen%2C+P+A%3BBeckstead%2C+J&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bromus tectorum; USA; seed germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progeny allocation by the parasitoid Lespesia archippivora (Diptera: Tachinidae) in larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16010296; 4080996 AB - Field-collected Spodoptera exigua (Huebner) larvae always produce small brood sizes of the gregarious parasitoid Lespesia archippivora (Riley) (1-2 progeny). To further investigate this finding we characterized life history attributes of the parasitoid's offspring in different host instars in the laboratory. Changes in offspring fitness and mortality and rate of successful parasitization can indicate opportunities for tachinids to influence fitness of their progeny. Effects of host instar and parasitoid brood size on parasitoid survival, development, size, and fecundity were investigated. Fecundity was indirectly assessed by measuring parasitoid puparial weight; female puparial weight and egg load are positively correlated. L. archippivora is able to successfully parasitize all investigated instars of S. exigua. The percentage of hosts yielding puparia was highest (95.1%) in 4th instars; it was only 65.5% in prepupal stages of the host. Lower parasitoid emergence rates in younger host instars were caused by higher host survival or premature host mortality. Parasitoid puparial weight decreased with increasing brood size but was not affected by host instar when equal brood sizes were compared. Parasitoid puparial weight from broods of 2 offspring was significantly reduced in broods of 2 female progeny compared with that of females from mixed sex broods of 2 progeny. Progeny allocation of L. archippivora and fitness consequences associated with that allocation are independent of host size. We conclude that by consistently allotting small broods to hosts, L. archippivora adults may reduce strong competition between offspring and maximize successful parasitization, thereby resulting in highly fit females. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Stapel, JO AU - Ruberson, J R AU - Gross, HR Jr AU - Lewis, W J AD - Insect Biol. and Population Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 265 EP - 271 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lespesia archippivora KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - sex ratio KW - parasitoids KW - reproductive effort KW - Tachinidae KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Progeny+allocation+by+the+parasitoid+Lespesia+archippivora+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29+in+larvae+of+Spodoptera+exigua+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Stapel%2C+JO%3BRuberson%2C+J+R%3BGross%2C+HR+Jr%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Stapel&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tachinidae; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; parasitoids; sex ratio; reproductive effort ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance, immunofluorescent colony staining, and a transgenic marker (bioluminescence) for monitoring the environmental fate of a rhizobacterium AN - 16009006; 4084480 AB - Field releases of the wild-type plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B-27, its bioluminescent derivative GEM-8 (89B-27::Tn4431), and a spontaneous rifampin-resistant variant (R34) were established on cucumber in 1994 and 1995 to examine the efficiency of these marker systems for estimating the wild-type population. Seed and root samples were taken 0, 7, 14, 21 or 28, 35 or 42, and 70 days after planting in each year and processed for enumeration by spiral plating or immunofluorescent colony staining (IFC). In both years, the populations of 89B-27, R34, and GEM-8, as measured by IFC, were not significantly different from each other at each sampling time. However, the populations of R34 and GEM-8, as measured by spiral plating and differentiation based on their respective phenotypes, were significantly lower than the wild-type populations and their IFC-determined populations. These data indicate that traditional marker systems may underestimate populations and hence the survival and colonization of genetically marked bacteria. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Mahaffee, W F AU - Bauske, E M AU - Van-Vuurde, JWL AU - Van-Der-Wolf, J M AU - Van-Den-Brink, M AU - Kloepper, J W AD - USDA-ARS, Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1617 EP - 1622 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cloning KW - staining KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - environmental monitoring KW - antibiotic resistance KW - immunofluorescence KW - bioluminescence KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16009006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+antibiotic+resistance%2C+immunofluorescent+colony+staining%2C+and+a+transgenic+marker+%28bioluminescence%29+for+monitoring+the+environmental+fate+of+a+rhizobacterium&rft.au=Mahaffee%2C+W+F%3BBauske%2C+E+M%3BVan-Vuurde%2C+JWL%3BVan-Der-Wolf%2C+J+M%3BVan-Den-Brink%2C+M%3BKloepper%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Mahaffee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental monitoring; staining; antibiotic resistance; immunofluorescence; bioluminescence; Pseudomonas fluorescens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to decrease its intracellular pH and resist the toxicity of acetic acid AN - 16007776; 4083079 AB - Batch cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 grew well in an anaerobic glucose medium at pH 5.9, but even small amounts of acetate (20 mM) inhibited growth and fermentation. E. coli O157:H7 was at least fourfold more resistant to acetate than K-12. Continuous cultures of E. coli K-12 (pH 5.9, dilution rate 0.085 h super(-1)) did not wash out until the sodium acetate concentration in the input medium was 80 mM, whereas E. coli O157:H7 persisted until the sodium acetate concentration was 160 mM. E. coli K-12 cells accumulated as much as 500 mM acetate, but the intracellular acetate concentration of O157:H7 was never greater than 300 mM. Differences in acetate accumulation could be explained by intracellular pH and the transmembrane pH gradient (pH). E. coli K-12 maintained a more or less constant Delta pH (intracellular pH 6.8), but E. coli O157:H7 let its Delta pH decrease from 0.9 to 0.2 units as sodium acetate was added to the medium. Sodium acetate increased the rate of glucose consumption, but there was little evidence to support the idea that acetate was creating a futile cycle of protons. Increases in glucose consumption rate could be explained by increases in D-lactate production and decreases in ATP production. Intracellular acetate was initially lower than the amount predicted by ApH, but intracellular acetate and Delta pH were in equilibrium when the external acetate concentrations were high. Based on these results, the acetate tolerance of O157:H7 can be explained by fundamental differences in metabolism and intracellular pH regulation. By decreasing the intracellular pH and producing large amounts of D-lactate, O157:H7 is able to decrease Delta pH and prevent toxic accumulations of intracellular acetate anion. JF - Microbiology AU - Diez-Gonzalez, F AU - Russell, J B AD - Sect. Microbiol., Cornell Univ., and Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1175 EP - 1180 VL - 143 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1028, 0002-1028 KW - resistance KW - O157:H7 KW - acetic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - pH KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16007776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+ability+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+to+decrease+its+intracellular+pH+and+resist+the+toxicity+of+acetic+acid&rft.au=Diez-Gonzalez%2C+F%3BRussell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Diez-Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00021028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The population genetics of Phytophthora AN - 15997088; 4076634 JF - Phytopathology AU - Goodwin, S B AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Botany and Plant Pathol., 1155 Lilly Hall, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 462 EP - 473 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - reviews KW - soil-borne diseases KW - population genetics KW - genetic variance KW - Phytophthora KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - G 07290:Population genetics KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15997088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+population+genetics+of+Phytophthora&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; population genetics; soil-borne diseases; genetic variance; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient variation in the infiltration rate during measurement with tension infiltrometers AN - 15996513; 4080322 AB - Tension infiltrometers have been used extensively to determine soil hydraulic properties, but the validity of short-term, quasi-steady-state measurements has been questioned. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of short-term measurements by monitoring 100 min of tension infiltration. In September 1991, six replicate measurements were made, without preponding, at each of two negative heads (-30 and -60 mm) using a small base (76 mm) infiltrometer. In August 1992, two replicate measurements were made at the same two negative heads, both with and without preponding, for both 76- and 230-mm base infiltrometers. Measurements were also made at a head of -150 mm using the small base infiltrometers, with no preponding. The infiltration rates across the measurement time were variable, both increasing and decreasing. In two cases, extreme variation in the applied negative head may have contributed to the variation in infiltration rate, but for the other 28 cases, the applied head variation did not influence the infiltration rate variation. Temperature changes during the measurements were small compared with temperature difference between the two measurement dates. Other factors, such as poor wettability attributable to water repellency, heterogeneous soil structure, and/or changes in soil-structure during the measurement, probably contributed to the transient infiltration rate variations. The magnitude of transient infiltration rate variation should be observed relative to spatial and temporal variations. JF - Soil Science AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 233 EP - 241 VL - 162 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - tension infiltrometers KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil physical properties KW - monitoring KW - data acquisition KW - variability KW - data interpretation KW - hydraulic properties KW - infiltrometers KW - infiltration rate KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Transient+variation+in+the+infiltration+rate+during+measurement+with+tension+infiltrometers&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - variability; infiltration rate; infiltrometers; monitoring; data interpretation; data acquisition; soil physical properties; hydraulic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur (Delphinium spp.) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy AN - 15995538; 4080040 AB - A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic method for measuring norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspurs was developed. Alkaloids were isolated from dry plant material using a simplified extraction procedure and quantitated using FT-IR. Calibration of the method was made from selected larkspur samples with known alkaloid levels determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and gravimetric methods. Thirty-nine samples from three different larkspur species (Delphinium barbeyi, D. glaucescens, and D. occidentale) were analysed to demonstrate the ability of the FT-IR method to measure toxic and total alkaloid concentrations in these plants. JF - Phytochemical Analysis AU - Gardner AU - Manners, G D AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Pfister, JA AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 55 EP - 62 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0958-0344, 0958-0344 KW - measuring techniques KW - alkaloids KW - Delphinium glaucescens KW - methyllycaconitine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxins KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - spectroscopy KW - X 24172:Plants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15995538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemical+Analysis&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+in+larkspur+%28Delphinium+spp.%29+by+Fourier+transform+infrared+spectroscopy&rft.au=Gardner%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemical+Analysis&rft.issn=09580344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; spectroscopy; toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis-transgenic and nectariless cotton on insect populations with emphasis on the tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) AN - 15993447; 4075603 AB - Comparison of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenic and nectariless cottons with non-B. thuringiensis commercial varieties > 2-yr showed no significant differences in number of beneficials, bollworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] eggs, fruiting sites per plant, and percentage square set. Significantly more tarnished plant bugs, Lugus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and percentage of crazy cotton were observed in B. thuringiensis 757 (Coker 312 background in 1994) and in Coker 312 variety in 1995 compared with other varieties, suggesting no effect of B. thuringiensis gene insertion in cotton on the number of tarnished plant bugs. Transgenic cotton had significantly fewer bollworms and budworms, cabbage loopers [Trichoplusia ni (Huebner)], and percentage of damaged squares than the other varieties, 75% as many beet armyworms [Spodoptera exigua (Huebner)], and had no effect on fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)]. The transgenic character itself did not cause an increase of any insect population, but consultants and producers are encouraged to monitor other insect pests, especially boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, and tarnished plant bug. These pests may cause economic damage when fewer or no sprays are used for bollworm and budworm in cotton. Nectariless MD51 had fewer plant bugs than other varieties both years, but also lower yield. These results suggest transgenic cotton is a useful tool in the management of certain lepidopterous pests. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Hardee, D D AU - Bryan, W W AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 663 EP - 668 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hemiptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - pest control KW - transgenic plants KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Miridae KW - Noctuidae KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Lygus lineolaris KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15993447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis-transgenic+and+nectariless+cotton+on+insect+populations+with+emphasis+on+the+tarnished+plant+bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29&rft.au=Hardee%2C+D+D%3BBryan%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Hardee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population levels; transgenic plants; pest control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Noctuidae; Miridae; Lygus lineolaris; Gossypium hirsutum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effects of fungicides on hydrolysis of urea and nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil AN - 15988532; 4073695 AB - The influence of 1 and 50 mg active ingredient (AI) kg super(-1) soil of 17 fungicides on transformations of urea nitrogen in soil was studied by determining the amounts of urea hydrolysed and the amounts of nitrate and nitrite produced when samples of two coarse-textured and two fine-textured soils were incubated aerobically for various times after treatment with urea. When applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, anilazine, benomyl, captan, chloranil, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the two coarse-textured soils and maneb retarded urea hydrolysis in all four of the soils used. Most of the fungicides tested retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in the two coarse-textured soils when applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, but only etridiazole markedly retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in all of the soils used when applied at this rate. When the fungicides were applied at the rate of 50 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, anilazine, captan, chloranil, fenaminosulf, folpet, maneb, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the four soils studied, and all fungicides tested except chloroneb, fenarimol and iprodione retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in these soils. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses indicated that the inhibitory effects of the 17 fungicides tested on nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil increased with decrease in the organic-matter content and increase in the sand content of the soil. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Martens, DA AU - Bremner, J M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 344 EP - 352 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - urea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - nitrification KW - inhibitors KW - hydrolysis KW - fungicides KW - soil KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15988532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effects+of+fungicides+on+hydrolysis+of+urea+and+nitrification+of+urea+nitrogen+in+soil&rft.au=Martens%2C+DA%3BBremner%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungicides; hydrolysis; inhibitors; nitrification; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction AN - 15985088; 4073680 JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - English, J T AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 446 EP - 447 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - reviews KW - soil-borne diseases KW - population genetics KW - fungi KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BEnglish%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil-borne diseases; population genetics; fungi; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction costs for some aquatic plants AN - 15976615; 4071996 AB - Resource allocation reflects a plant's response to its environment and affects its overall growth and performance in a particular habitat. We measured ash, C, N, and caloric content for various parts of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton nodosus Poir., P. gramineus L., and P. pectinatus L. Mean ash content of vegetative propagules ranged from 2.96 to 5.46%, lower than values previously reported for aquatic plant shoots. Potamogeton propagule C and N contents were greater than those of Hydrilla propagules. Mean propagule caloric content ranged from 3753 to 4198 cal g super(-1) and construction costs from 1.00 to 1.12 g glucose g super(-1). They were similar to or slightly greater than those for shoots or leaves. Construction costs for leaves of eight aquatic species averaged 1.02 g glucose g super(-1). Vegetative propagules had sink strengths similar to those of shoots. H. verticillata, P. pectinatus, and P. gramineus were grown in a greenhouse with different levels of N in the water column. In this experiment, P. pectinatus and H. verticillata roots had higher construction costs than shoots whereas P. gramineus did not. Only the costs for P. pectinatus shoots and roots were affected by the N level in the water column. Construction costs for aquatic plant vegetative propagules, shoots, and roots were lower than similarly calculated values published for roots, stems and leaves of terrestrial plants, in agreement with expectations based on the structural characteristics of leaves and stems of aquatic plants. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ryan, F J AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA ARS Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 203 EP - 214 VL - 56 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton KW - bioenergetics KW - construction costs KW - plant growth KW - plant physiology KW - turions KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - roots KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - leaves KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15976615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Construction+costs+for+some+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BRyan%2C+F+J%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - roots; plant growth; aquatic plants; plant physiology; bioenergetics; turions; leaves; Potamogeton; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - avnA, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus AN - 15970672; 4067430 AB - Recent studies have shown that at least 17 genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway are clustered within a 75-kb DNA fragment in the genome of Aspergillus parasiticus. Several additional transcripts have also been mapped to this gene cluster. A gene, avnA (previously named ord-1), corresponding to one of the two transcripts identified earlier between the ver-1 and omtA genes on the gene cluster was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the avnA gene contains a coding region for a protein of 495 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 56.3 kDa. The gene consists of three exons and two introns. Disruption of the avnA gene in the wild-type aflatoxigenic A. parasiticus strain (SU1-N3) resulted in a nonaflatoxigenic mutant which accumulated a bright yellow pigment. Thin-layer chromatographic studies with six different solvent systems showed that the migration patterns of the accumulated metabolite were identical to those of averantin, a known aflatoxin precursor. Precursor feeding studies with this mutant showed that norsolorinic acid and averantin were not converted to aflatoxin whereas 5'-hydroxyaverantin, averufanin, averufin, versicolorin A, sterigmatocystin, and O-methylsterigmatocystin were converted to aflatoxins. Southern blot analysis of the wild-type strain and avnA-disrupted mutant strain indicated that the avnA gene was disrupted in the mutant strain. A search of the GenBank database for similarity indicated that the avnA gene encodes a cytochrome P-450-type monooxygenase, and it has been assigned to a new P-450 gene family named CYP60A1. We have therefore concluded that the avnA gene encodes a fungal cytochrome P-450-type enzyme which is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in A. parasiticus. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P-K AU - Cary, J W AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Cent., 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1349 EP - 1356 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - avnA gene KW - cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - mutation KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01012:Nucleic acids & metabolites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15970672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=avnA%2C+a+gene+encoding+a+cytochrome+P-450+monooxygenase%2C+is+involved+in+the+conversion+of+averantin+to+averufin+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P-K%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus parasiticus; nucleotide sequence; mutation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotyping and enzyme characterization of Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from pneumonic lungs of stressed feeder calves AN - 15967397; 4062770 AB - Ninety-one isolates of Pasteurella multocida (Pm) and 124 of Pasteurella haemolytica (Ph) were recovered from the lungs of calves that died of bovine respiratory tract disease (BRTD). Nine Pm enzyme profiles (A through I) and 9 Ph enzyme profiles (J through R) were determined for the Pasteurella isolates. The Pm isolates were relatively evenly divided among the enzyme profiles, with one exception, profile I. The Ph isolates were not evenly distributed among the profiles. Fifty of the 91 Pm isolates were serotyped. Forty-two Pm isolates were positive for capsule type A, and 8 were untypable. Five somatic type antigen profiles (3: 3,4; 3,7; 3,4,7; and 4) were identified among the 50 serotyped Pm isolates; one isolate was untypable. The Ph isolates were further divided through serotyping and grouped as follows: 74 (60%) Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (PhA1), 12 (10%) PhA2, 4 (3%) PhA5, and 34 (27%) PhA6. Eighty-one percent of the Ph serotypes were clustered in the M and N enzyme profile. The P enzyme profile was almost unique to PhA2 (8 of 12, 67% of PhA2 isolates). Results of this study indicate a need to collect more data on Ph serotypes at the state veterinary diagnostic laboratories. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Purdy, C W AU - Raleigh, R H AU - Collins, J K AU - Watts, J L AU - Straus, D C AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 244 EP - 249 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - lung KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - serotyping KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - enzymes KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15967397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serotyping+and+enzyme+characterization+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+and+Pasteurella+multocida+isolates+recovered+from+pneumonic+lungs+of+stressed+feeder+calves&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BRaleigh%2C+R+H%3BCollins%2C+J+K%3BWatts%2C+J+L%3BStraus%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; Pasteurella multocida; lung; respiratory tract diseases; enzymes; serotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of numerical procedures for gate stroking AN - 15958082; 4062127 AB - A study was conducted to compare three existing solution methods for the inverse problem of unsteady open-channel flow (i.e., gate stroking). Both the accuracy of the results and the robustness of the methods were examined. Similar solutions were computed with a method-of-characteristics and an implicit finite-difference model, except under extreme transients, in which case the method-of-characteristics model performed better. However, the characteristic model was unable to find a solution for some proposed examples. An explicit finite-difference model was also examined and, although it produced satisfactory results for some examples, it is inherently unstable. A nonlinear, implicit finite-difference gate-stroking method was developed, which was sufficiently accurate and more robust than the existing methods. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Bautista, E AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Strelkoff, T AD - U.S. Dep. Agr.-Agric. Res. Serv. (USDA-ARS), U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 129 EP - 137 VL - 123 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - gate stroking KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - finite difference methods KW - comparison studies KW - numerical analysis KW - unsteady flow KW - mathematical models KW - open-channel flow KW - SW 6020:Hydraulics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15958082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+numerical+procedures+for+gate+stroking&rft.au=Bautista%2C+E%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BStrelkoff%2C+T&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - finite difference methods; comparison studies; numerical analysis; open-channel flow; mathematical models; unsteady flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - WEPP-predicting water erosion using a process-based model AN - 15949188; 4055798 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Laflen, J M AU - Elliot, W J AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Meyer, C R AU - Nearing, MA AD - Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 96 EP - 102 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - WEPP KW - process-based model KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - mathematical equations KW - computer models KW - prediction KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15949188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=WEPP-predicting+water+erosion+using+a+process-based+model&rft.au=Laflen%2C+J+M%3BElliot%2C+W+J%3BFlanagan%2C+D+C%3BMeyer%2C+C+R%3BNearing%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Laflen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical equations; prediction; erosion; computer models; soil erosion; sediment transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl bromide emissions from agricultural fields: Bare-soil, deep injection AN - 15947743; 4056620 AB - The environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide (MeBr) in an agricultural field after deep injection (68 cm) is described and compared to a recent experiment where MeBr was injected at a shallow (25 cm) depth, and the surface was covered with high-density polyethylene plastic. Three independent methods were used to estimate the total MeBr lost after application, i.e., the appearance of soil Br super(-), the flux chamber, and micrometeorological methods. Peak MeBr volatilization rates occurred during the first 24 h, but relatively high rates continued for more than 7 days after application. Diurnally, the largest volatilization rates occurred from midnight to early morning during periods of decreasing barometric pressure, and the volatilization rate decreased when the barometric pressure was increasing. Due to deep injection, cooler temperatures, and smaller thermal gradients, the total MeBr mass emitted from the field was significantly less than a previous experiment. The total emissions estimate obtained from the Br super(-) data was 239 kg or 21%. The estimates obtained from the direct flux measurements were found to range from 1.9% to 4.9%. The percent mass recovery ranged from 81% to 84% of the applied mass, with an average value of 82%. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Yates AU - Wang, D AU - Ernst, F F AU - Gan, J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1136 EP - 1143 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - methyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emission measurements KW - agrochemicals KW - temperature KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15947743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Methyl+bromide+emissions+from+agricultural+fields%3A+Bare-soil%2C+deep+injection&rft.au=Yates%3BWang%2C+D%3BErnst%2C+F+F%3BGan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; emission measurements; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of flagellation and a novel agar-penetrating flagellar structure in Salmonella enterica grown on solid media: Possible consequences for serological identification AN - 15944924; 4053060 AB - Salmonella enterica grown on solid medium containing iron, thiosulfate and 100 mM hexoses and amino acids underwent cell surface differentiation involving increased flagellation (electrophoretic isotypes 60, 54 and 50 kDa), conversion from rough to smooth lipopolysaccharide, and assembly of a matrix that penetrated 1.4% agar. Flagellation was also induced in the avian pathogen S. enterica var pullorum, which is diagnostically defined as aflagellate. Induction correlated closely with a simple colonial color change when Hektoen Enteric agar was used as the basal growth medium. Group D1 egg-contaminating Salmonella grown under inducing conditions deviated from their expected H-antigen immunoreactivity, suggesting possible consequences for the interpretation of the Kauffman-White identification scheme. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Guard-Petter, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, ARS-SEPRL, 934 College Station Drive, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 173 EP - 180 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - chickens KW - egg KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - flagella KW - Salmonella enterica KW - differentiation KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15944924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Induction+of+flagellation+and+a+novel+agar-penetrating+flagellar+structure+in+Salmonella+enterica+grown+on+solid+media%3A+Possible+consequences+for+serological+identification&rft.au=Guard-Petter%2C+J&rft.aulast=Guard-Petter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; flagella; differentiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulated stand characteristics and wood product yields from Douglas-fir plantations managed for ecosystem objectives AN - 15942991; 4053092 AB - Hundreds of thousands of hectares of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) plantations in coastal forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest were established over the past 40 years. Density management regimes designed to increase structural and compositional diversity in these plantations are being tested and implemented on an operational scale. These regimes are designed to promote various tree and stand characteristics, such as trees with large limbs, stands with multi-layered canopies, and dense unthinned patches. Changes in management policy associated with these types of regimes raise questions about the potential to manage for both ecosystem values and timber production. We used state-of-the-art models to simulate stand growth and wood product yields under several silvicultural prescriptions. The results indicated that timing and intensity of early thinnings are critical in determining both stand structure and wood quality. We concluded that it should be possible to manage Douglas-fir plantations to provide a high degree of structural diversity and wood products with quality similar to that grown in many industrial plantations. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Barbour, R J AU - Johnston, S AU - Hayes, J P AU - Tucker, G F AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 205 EP - 219 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 91 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - silviculture KW - habitat KW - ecosystem management KW - forest practices KW - wildlife KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15942991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Simulated+stand+characteristics+and+wood+product+yields+from+Douglas-fir+plantations+managed+for+ecosystem+objectives&rft.au=Barbour%2C+R+J%3BJohnston%2C+S%3BHayes%2C+J+P%3BTucker%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Barbour&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystem management; wildlife; habitat; silviculture; forest practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth AN - 15886595; 4034041 AB - In this article, we discuss four possible mechanisms to explain the patterns of maximum tree height and age-related changes in height growth within a species. Three of these--respiration, nutrient limitation, and genetic changes in meristem tissue--have been discussed in the literature. (The respiration and nutrient limitation mechanisms were developed to explain patterns of whole tree and stand growth with age, but not tree height specifically.) The fourth, hydraulic limitation, is newer, but we believe that it is the most promising. Accordingly, we examine the hydraulic limitation hypothesis in the most detail. JF - Bioscience AU - Ryan, M G AU - Yoder, B J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 235 EP - 241 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - hydraulics KW - trees KW - limiting factors KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15886595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+limits+to+tree+height+and+tree+growth&rft.au=Ryan%2C+M+G%3BYoder%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; limiting factors; growth; hydraulics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States AN - 1034828617; 17024723 AB - Forest trees are constantly exposed to various types of natural and anthropogenic stressors. A major long-term goal of our research is to develop a set of early physiological and biochemical markers of stress in trees before the appearance of visual symptoms. Six red spruce (t Picea rubens Sarg.) stands from the northeastern United States were selected for collection of soil and foliage samples. All of the chosen sites had soil solution pH values below 4.0 in the Oa horizon but varied in their geochemistry. Some of these sites were apparently under some form of environmental stress as indicated by a large number of dead and dying red spruce trees. Samples of soil and needles (from apparently healthy red spruce trees) were collected from these sites four times during a two-year period. The needles were analyzed for perchloric acid-soluble polyamines and exchangeable inorganic ions. Soil and soil solution samples from the Oa and B horizons were analyzed for their exchange chemistry. The data showed a strong positive correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations in the needles and in the Oa horizon of the soil. However, needles from trees growing on relatively Ca-rich soils with a low exchangeable Al concentration and a low Al:Ca soil solution ratio had significantly lower concentrations of putrescine and spermidine than those growing on Ca-poor soils with a high exchangeable Al concentration and a high Al:Ca soil solution in the Oa horizon. The magnitude of this change was several fold higher for putrescine concentrations than for spermidine concentrations. Neither putrescine nor spermidine were correlated with soil solution Ca, Mg, and Al concentrations in the B horizon. The putrescine concentrations of the needles always correlated significantly with exchangeable Al (r super(2)=0.73, t p less than or equal to 0.05) and soil solution Al:Ca ratios (r super(2)=0.91, t p less than or equal to 0.01) of the Oa horizon. This suggests that in conjunction with soil chemistry, putrescine and/or spermidine may be used as a potential early indicator of Al stress before the appearance of visual symptoms in red spruce trees. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Minocha, Rakesh AU - Shortle, Walter C AU - Lawrence, Gregory B AU - David, Mark B AU - Minocha, Subhash C AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, PO Box 640, Durham, NH, 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 109 EP - 122 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 191 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Biochemistry KW - Environmental stress KW - Foliage KW - Forests KW - Geochemistry KW - Soil KW - Soil chemistry KW - Stress KW - Trees KW - USA KW - Picea rubens KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034828617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Relationships+among+foliar+chemistry%2C+foliar+polyamines%2C+and+soil+chemistry+in+red+spruce+trees+growing+across+the+northeastern+United+States&rft.au=Minocha%2C+Rakesh%3BShortle%2C+Walter+C%3BLawrence%2C+Gregory+B%3BDavid%2C+Mark+B%3BMinocha%2C+Subhash+C&rft.aulast=Minocha&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004293523185 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Foliage; Biochemistry; Trees; Geochemistry; Soil chemistry; Forests; Stress; Environmental stress; Picea rubens; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004293523185 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endogenous Levels of Phenolics in Tomato Fruit during Growth and Maturation AN - 907168704; 15570344 AB - Changes in the metabolism of several types of phenolics in the pulp and pericarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit var. Ailsa Craig and Pik-Red were related to the stage of development. The highest levels of chlorogenic acid were found in the pulp and pericarp at the earliest stage of fruit development, and quantities declined rapidly during fruit ripening. Levels of rutin, found only in the pericarp, followed a similar pattern of change. The p-coumaric acid conjugate of rutin was found in low levels through fruit growth and ripening. High levels of p-coumaric acid glucoside were detected in the pulp only as the fruit matured with no rapid decline in levels during ripening. The decline of chlorogenic acid and rutin levels during fruit ripening paralleled the decline in indole-3-acetic acid levels measured previously in the pericarp tissues of these two varieties of tomato fruit during maturation. These phenolics are among those that have been suggested as regulants of auxin metabolism. JF - Journal of Plant Growth Regulation AU - Buta, J G AU - Spaulding, D W AD - Horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, US Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 43 EP - 46 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0721-7595, 0721-7595 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Pulp KW - Developmental stages KW - rutin KW - pericarp KW - glucosides KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Ripening KW - chlorogenic acid KW - phenolic compounds KW - Metabolism KW - Auxins KW - p-Coumaric acid KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - W 30930:Agricultural Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907168704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Growth+Regulation&rft.atitle=Endogenous+Levels+of+Phenolics+in+Tomato+Fruit+during+Growth+and+Maturation&rft.au=Buta%2C+J+G%3BSpaulding%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Buta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Growth+Regulation&rft.issn=07217595&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FPL00006973 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ripening; Fruits; chlorogenic acid; Developmental stages; phenolic compounds; Pulp; rutin; pericarp; glucosides; Auxins; Metabolism; p-Coumaric acid; Lycopersicon esculentum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006973 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification Distributions in Four Valley and Ridge Riparian Ecosystems AN - 899163247; 15625079 JF - Environmental Management AU - Schnabel, Ronald R AU - Shaffer, John A AU - Stout, William L AU - Cornish, Leonard F AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Lab Curtin Road University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA , US Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 283 EP - 290 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - ridges KW - Ecosystems KW - valleys KW - Denitrification KW - Riparian environments KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899163247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Denitrification+Distributions+in+Four+Valley+and+Ridge+Riparian+Ecosystems&rft.au=Schnabel%2C+Ronald+R%3BShaffer%2C+John+A%3BStout%2C+William+L%3BCornish%2C+Leonard+F&rft.aulast=Schnabel&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679900027 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ridges; Ecosystems; valleys; Denitrification; Riparian environments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900027 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Northern analysis of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus sojae AN - 899159234; 15667227 AB - RNAs from three Aspergillusparasiticus and three Aspergillus sojae isolates were probed with seven genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Previously published work and preliminary work in this study demonstrated that these aflatoxin biosynthesis genes were present in the DNA of the isolates. RNA from aflatoxin-producing and O-methylsterigmatocystin-producing A. parasiticus strains SRRC 143 and SRRC 2043 hybridized to all of the gene probes tested. However, RNA from a strain of A. parasiticus that had lost its ability to produce aflatoxin in culture (SRRC 77) and RNA from one of the A. sojae isolates did not hybridize to any of the gene probes. Two of the A. sojae isolates hybridized to the regulatory gene aflR and the structual gene uvm8, which is believed to code for a fatty acid synthase involved in an early step in aflatoxin biosynthesis, but not to any of the other five genes of the aflatoxin pathway tested. These results suggest that most of the genes involved in aflatoxin production are transcriptionally blocked in A. parasiticus SRRC 77 and all of the A. sojae isolates. The cause of this blockage is unknown. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Klich, MA AU - Montalbano, B AU - Ehrlich, K AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. Fax: +504 286 4419 e-mail: mklich[AT]nola.srrc.usda.gov, US PY - 1997 SP - 246 EP - 249 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Aspergillus sojae KW - RNA KW - DNA probes KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA KW - Transcription KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Fatty-acid synthase KW - W 30940:Products KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899159234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Northern+analysis+of+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+genes+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+Aspergillus+sojae&rft.au=Klich%2C+MA%3BMontalbano%2C+B%3BEhrlich%2C+K&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530050921 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RNA; DNA probes; DNA; Aflatoxins; Transcription; Fatty-acid synthase; Aspergillus sojae; Aspergillus parasiticus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050921 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying urban forest structure, function, and value: the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project AN - 860392637; 13880070 AB - This paper is a review of research in Chicago that linked analyses of vegetation structure with forest functions and values. During 1991, the regions trees removed an estimated 5575 metric tons of air pollutants, providing air cleansing worth 9.2 million. Each year they sequester an estimated 315 800 metric tons of carbon. Increasing tree cover 10% or planting about three trees per building lot saves annual heating and cooling costs by an estimated 50 to 90 per dwelling unit because of increased shade, lower summertime air temperatures, and reduced neighborhood wind speeds once the trees mature. The net present value of the services trees provide is estimated as 402 per planted tree. The present value of long-term benefits is more than twice the present value of costs. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - McPherson, EGregory AU - Nowak, David AU - Heisler, Gordon AU - Grimmond, Sue AU - Souch, Catherine AU - Grant, Rich AU - Rowntree, Rowan AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, co Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 49 EP - 61 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois, Chicago KW - Ecosystems KW - air temperature KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Air temperature KW - Carbon KW - Pollutants KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Planting KW - Wind KW - Shade KW - Climate KW - Velocity KW - planting KW - Vegetation KW - Air pollution KW - Reviews KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860392637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Quantifying+urban+forest+structure%2C+function%2C+and+value%3A+the+Chicago+Urban+Forest+Climate+Project&rft.au=McPherson%2C+EGregory%3BNowak%2C+David%3BHeisler%2C+Gordon%3BGrimmond%2C+Sue%3BSouch%2C+Catherine%3BGrant%2C+Rich%3BRowntree%2C+Rowan&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=EGregory&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1014350822458 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Pollutants; Structure-function relationships; Trees; Shade; Reviews; Planting; Climate; Vegetation; Forests; Wind; Air temperature; Air pollution; air temperature; Ecosystems; planting; Velocity; USA, Illinois, Chicago DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014350822458 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - N-nitrosodibenzylamine in boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. AN - 78901380; 9086591 AB - Boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings contain high levels of nitrosamines in the outermost layer. The precursors of the nitrosamines are zinc dibutyl- or dibenzyldithlocarbamate used as a vulcanizing agent in the formulation of the rubber. The outermost layer from 59 commercial hams was analyzed for 11 volatile nitrosamines including N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA). The principal nitrosamine, NDBzA, was detected in 32 (54%) ham samples at the 10-100 ppb range; it exceeded 100 ppb in 18 (30%) samples, with the highest at 512.2 ppb. No nitrosamine was detected in 7 of 59 ham samples. To determine the cause of the high NDBzA values, various types of unused nettings (from different manufacturers) accompanying the samples were analyzed for nitrosamines. No correlation was found between the NDBzA content of the hams and the nettings. The results suggest that the problem of nitrosamine formation in these products has not yet been resolved. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Fiddler, W AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Gates, R A AU - Custer, C AU - Yoffe, A AU - Phillipo, T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 353 EP - 358 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Food Preservatives KW - Nitrosamines KW - N-nitrosodibenzylamine KW - 5336-53-8 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Sodium Nitrite KW - M0KG633D4F KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Food Preservatives -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Sodium Nitrite -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Food Handling KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Rubber -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78901380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=N-nitrosodibenzylamine+in+boneless+hams+processed+in+elastic+rubber+nettings.&rft.au=Fiddler%2C+W%3BPensabene%2C+J+W%3BGates%2C+R+A%3BCuster%2C+C%3BYoffe%2C+A%3BPhillipo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Fiddler&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of cloacal plugging on microbial recovery from partially processed broilers. AN - 78887626; 9068056 AB - Experiments were performed to test the contribution of bacteria contained in the intestinal tract of broilers at the beginning of processing to counts on the exterior of modified New York-dressed carcasses. Thirty-two birds were processed for each of seven replications. Within each replication, batches of four birds were electrocuted, scalded, and picked, with batches alternating between treatment and control groups. Treated birds were cloacally plugged with rayon fiber tampons prior to electrocution to prevent escape of intestinal contents during scalding and picking. Control birds were processed in the same manner, except that cloacal plugs were inserted immediately after defeathering to reduce escape of intestinal contents during sampling. Gram-negative enteric bacteria and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated on carcasses by whole carcass rinse procedure and in cecal contents. Counts were converted to log10 and subjected to analysis of variance. Cecal levels of Gram-negative enterics were significantly higher for plugged birds, but there was not a significant difference between levels of cecal Campylobacter spp. between treatment groups. Plugging before electrocution resulted in significantly lower levels (2.5 vs 3.0 log10 cfu/mL) of Campylobacter spp. and Gram-negative enteric bacteria (3.0 vs 3.4 log10 cfu/mL) in carcass rinses of treatment birds than in those of controls. All carcasses were positive for Gram-negative enterics. Cloacal plugging resulted in significantly lower incidence of Campylobacter spp. carcass contamination as determined by chi-square. Intestinal carriage of both campylobacters and Gram-negative enteric bacteria appears to influence the microbial quality of the carcass during processing. JF - Poultry science AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Cason, J A AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Stern, N J AU - Cox, N A AU - Bailey, J S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 530 EP - 533 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Food Microbiology KW - Random Allocation KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- veterinary KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Cloaca -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78887626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+cloacal+plugging+on+microbial+recovery+from+partially+processed+broilers.&rft.au=Musgrove%2C+M+T%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BBailey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Musgrove&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beneficial effects of chromium on glucose and lipid variables in control and somatotropin-treated pigs are associated with increased tissue chromium and altered tissue copper, iron, and zinc. AN - 78881616; 9078480 AB - Chromium (Cr) and somatotropin have been shown to increase lean body mass in pigs but by independent mechanisms. Somatotropin and Cr also affect blood glucose, lipids, and tissue trace metal concentrations. Twenty-four castrated male pigs were divided into four groups: 1) control basal diet; 2) basal diet + 300 micrograms of Cr/kg of diet as Cr picolinate; 3) basal diet + pituitary porcine somatotropin (ppST; 100 micrograms/kg live weight injected daily); and 4) basal diet + Cr + ppST. Pigs were fed the diets from 30 to 60 kg body weight and then killed. Supplemental Cr led to increased total Cr in kidney (1.1 vs 2.3 micrograms) and liver (5.9 vs 8.8 micrograms) but not in the heart independent of ppST treatment. Chromium concentrations in longissimus muscle were less than 1.5 ng/g in all samples, and any increases due to supplemental Cr were not detected. Somatotropin treatment led to decreased hepatic Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations and increased total renal Cu, Fe, and Zn. These data demonstrate that supplemental Cr causes increased tissue Cr in the liver and kidney but not in the heart or muscle in control and somatotropin treated pigs. Somatotropin treatment caused decreased kidney and liver Cr concentrations that were offset by increased tissue weights. Somatotropin effects on tissue Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe were variable and difficult to evaluate due in part to growth hormone-induced changes in organ weights. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Anderson, R A AU - Bryden, N A AU - Evock-Clover, C M AU - Steele, N C AD - Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, MD 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 657 EP - 661 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Composition -- physiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Drug Synergism KW - Organ Size KW - Body Composition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Lipids -- blood KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Copper -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Chromium -- metabolism KW - Blood Glucose -- analysis KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- analysis KW - Myocardium -- chemistry KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Chromium -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- analysis KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78881616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Beneficial+effects+of+chromium+on+glucose+and+lipid+variables+in+control+and+somatotropin-treated+pigs+are+associated+with+increased+tissue+chromium+and+altered+tissue+copper%2C+iron%2C+and+zinc.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+A%3BBryden%2C+N+A%3BEvock-Clover%2C+C+M%3BSteele%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary vitamin K1 and stability of oral anticoagulation: proposal of a diet with constant vitamin K1 content. AN - 78872068; 9066002 AB - Case reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1 equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies. JF - Thrombosis and haemostasis AU - Booth, S L AU - Charnley, J M AU - Sadowski, J A AU - Saltzman, E AU - Bovill, E G AU - Cushman, M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 504 EP - 509 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0340-6245, 0340-6245 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Coumarins KW - Warfarin KW - 5Q7ZVV76EI KW - Vitamin K 1 KW - 84-80-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Administration, Oral KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Warfarin -- adverse effects KW - Warfarin -- administration & dosage KW - Warfarin -- therapeutic use KW - Coumarins -- administration & dosage KW - Vitamin K 1 -- pharmacology KW - Anticoagulants -- therapeutic use KW - Coumarins -- therapeutic use KW - Anticoagulants -- adverse effects KW - Coumarins -- adverse effects KW - Diet KW - Anticoagulants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78872068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thrombosis+and+haemostasis&rft.atitle=Dietary+vitamin+K1+and+stability+of+oral+anticoagulation%3A+proposal+of+a+diet+with+constant+vitamin+K1+content.&rft.au=Booth%2C+S+L%3BCharnley%2C+J+M%3BSadowski%2C+J+A%3BSaltzman%2C+E%3BBovill%2C+E+G%3BCushman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Thrombosis+and+haemostasis&rft.issn=03406245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of somatotroph function induced by growth hormone treatment in neonatal pigs. AN - 78870358; 9063653 AB - The effect of recombinant porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment on pituitary function was evaluated in young pigs. Piglets received intraperitoneal recombinant pGH implants (0.5 mg/d sustained release) or vehicle implants beginning at 3 d of age. Ten piglets were sacrificed at 4 and 6 wk of age (five piglets/treatment group) for the collection of pituitary glands, blood, and liver tissue. Blood samples also were drawn at 3 and 12 d of age. Serum concentrations of GH, prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-2 were evaluated. Levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA were determined in liver samples. Treatment with GH increased circulating levels of GH and IGF-1 (P < 0.01), but not PRL, TSH, or IGF-2. Hepatic IGF-1, but not IGF-2, mRNA levels were increased by pGH (P < 0.001). Cultured pituitary cells from each animal were challenged with 0.1, 1, and 10 nM GH-releasing hormone (GHRH); 2 nM 8-Br-cAMP; or 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate. The release of GH from cultured pituitary cells was stimulated by all secretagogues (P < 0.001). The secretion of GH, but not PRL or TSH, in culture was inhibited by previous in vivo GH treatment (P < 0.001). Similarly, cellular GH, but not PRL or TSH, content was lower in the GH-implant group (P = 0.005). Cell cultures from 6-wk-old piglets secreted more GH, but not PRL or TSH, than cultures from 4-wk-old piglets (P < 0.05). Likewise, cellular GH, but not PRL or TSH, content was greatest in cultures from 6-wk-old animals (P = 0.002). Piglet growth was not affected by exogenous GH treatment (P = 0.67). These results demonstrate that exogenous pGH treatment selectively down-regulates somatotroph function in young pigs. JF - Domestic animal endocrinology AU - Matteri, R L AU - Becker, B A AU - Carroll, J A AU - Buonomo, F C AD - Animal Physiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 109 EP - 118 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0739-7240, 0739-7240 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I KW - 67763-96-6 KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II KW - 67763-97-7 KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Thyrotropin KW - 9002-71-5 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone KW - 9034-39-3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Thyrotropin -- blood KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- metabolism KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II -- genetics KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II -- metabolism KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- genetics KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Swine KW - Pituitary Gland -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Pituitary Gland -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78870358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+somatotroph+function+induced+by+growth+hormone+treatment+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=Matteri%2C+R+L%3BBecker%2C+B+A%3BCarroll%2C+J+A%3BBuonomo%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Matteri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.issn=07397240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizae, biocides, and biocontrol 3. Effects of three different fungicides on developmental stages of three AM fungi AN - 754566244; 13414393 AB - The effects of biocide use on nontarget organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, are of interest to agriculture, since inhibition of beneficial organisms may counteract benefits derived from pest and disease control. Benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and captan were tested for their effects on the germination and early hyphal growth of the AM fungiGlomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.),Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.). Gerd. and Trappe andGigaspora rosea (Nicol & Schenck) in a silty-clay loam soil placed in petri plates. Application of fungicides at 20 mg active ingredient (a.i) kg super(-1) soil inhibited spore germination by all three AM-fungal isolates incubated on unsterilized soil for 2 weeks. However, fungicides applied at 10 mg a.i. kg super(-1) soil had variable effects on AM-fungal isolates. Fungicide effects on germination and hyphal growth of G.etunicatum were modified by soil pasteurization and CO sub(2) concentration in petri plates and also by placing spores below the soil surface followed by fungicide drenches. Effects of fungicides on mycorrhiza formation and sporulation of AM fungi, and the resulting host-plant response, were evaluated in the same soil in associated pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Fungicides applied at 20 mg a.i. kg super(-1) soil did not affect the root length colonized byG. etunicatum, but both benomyl and PCNB reduced sporulation by this fungus. Benomyl and PCNB reduced the root length colonized byG. rosea at 48 and 82 days after transplanting. PCNB also reducedG. mosseae-colonized root length at 48 and 82 days, but benomyl only affected root length colonized byG. mosseae at the earlier time point. Only PCNB reduced sporulation byG. mosseae, consistent with its effect on root length colonized by this fungus. captan reduced the root length colonized by G. rosea at 48 days, but not at 82 days, and reduced colonization byG. mosseae at 82 days, but not at 48 days. Captan did not affect sporulation by any of the fungi.G. rosea spore production was highly variable, but benomyl appeared to reduce sporulation by this fungus. Overall,G. etunicatum was the most tolerant to fungicides in association with pea plants in this soil, andG. rosea the most sensitive. Benomyl and PCNB were overall more toxic to these fungi than captan. Interactions of AM fungi and fungicides were highly variable and biological responses depended on fungus-fungicide combinations and on environmental conditions. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Schreiner, R P AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Education Service Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, OR 97330, Corvailis, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 18 EP - 26 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Biological control KW - Spore germination KW - Disease control KW - Sporulation KW - Roots KW - disease control KW - Pisum sativum KW - Soil KW - Colonization KW - Benomyl KW - Pests KW - Biocides KW - Soils (loam) KW - germination KW - Captan KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Fungi KW - Developmental stages KW - Pest control KW - Pasteurization KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Fungicides KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Environmental conditions KW - Carbon dioxide KW - pentachloronitrobenzene KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754566244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizae%2C+biocides%2C+and+biocontrol+3.+Effects+of+three+different+fungicides+on+developmental+stages+of+three+AM+fungi&rft.au=Schreiner%2C+R+P%3BBethlenfalvay%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Schreiner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF01420215 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycorrhizas; Biological control; Agriculture; Fungi; Spore germination; Sporulation; Disease control; Roots; Developmental stages; Pest control; Pasteurization; Soil; Colonization; Benomyl; Fungicides; arbuscular mycorrhizas; Nontarget organisms; Biocides; Pests; pentachloronitrobenzene; Carbon dioxide; Environmental conditions; Soils (loam); Captan; disease control; germination; Pisum sativum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420215 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening for ethanol-producing filamentous fungi AN - 754562481; 13395297 AB - Of nineteen Aspergilli and ten Rhizopus strains examined for their ability to ferment simple sugars (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) as well as complex substrates (cellulose, oat-spelt xylan, corn fiber, and corn germ pressing), three Rhizopus strains were identified that could produce more than 31 g ethanol/l under anaerobic stress. By 72 h, glucose , xylose, cellobiose, and corn fiber were fermented with perspective yields of 100, 47, 80, and 40 percent, of theoretical. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Skory, Christopher D AU - Freer, Shelby N AU - Bothast, Rodney J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 203 EP - 206 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - cellobiose KW - Fungi KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Stress KW - Fibers KW - Xylan KW - Arabinose KW - Rhizopus KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754562481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Screening+for+ethanol-producing+filamentous+fungi&rft.au=Skory%2C+Christopher+D%3BFreer%2C+Shelby+N%3BBothast%2C+Rodney+J&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1018337003433 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fibers; Xylose; cellobiose; Xylan; Fungi; Cellulose; Arabinose; Glucose; Stress; Ethanol; Rhizopus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018337003433 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lake Tahoe case study AN - 52690054; 1997-058965 JF - Wildland Resources Center Report AU - Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L AU - Rowntree, Rowan A AU - Cahill, Thomas A AU - Goldman, Charles R AU - Gruell, George AU - Harris, Robert AU - Leisz, Doug AU - Lindstrom, Susan AU - Kattelmann, Richard AU - Machida, Dennis AU - Lacey, Ray AU - Rucks, Penny AU - Sharkey, Debra A AU - Ziegler, David S AU - Davis, Owen K AU - Duan, Lian AU - Stephens, Scott L Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 217 EP - 264 PB - University of California, Davis, Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, Davis, CA KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - hydrology KW - regulations KW - watersheds KW - atmosphere KW - ecosystems KW - water balance KW - vegetation KW - Truckee Marsh KW - case studies KW - natural resources KW - drainage basins KW - aerosols KW - ecology KW - land use KW - Lake Tahoe KW - biology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52690054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildland+Resources+Center+Report&rft.atitle=Lake+Tahoe+case+study&rft.au=Elliott-Fisk%2C+Deborah+L%3BRowntree%2C+Rowan+A%3BCahill%2C+Thomas+A%3BGoldman%2C+Charles+R%3BGruell%2C+George%3BHarris%2C+Robert%3BLeisz%2C+Doug%3BLindstrom%2C+Susan%3BKattelmann%2C+Richard%3BMachida%2C+Dennis%3BLacey%2C+Ray%3BRucks%2C+Penny%3BSharkey%2C+Debra+A%3BZiegler%2C+David+S%3BDavis%2C+Owen+K%3BDuan%2C+Lian%3BStephens%2C+Scott+L&rft.aulast=Elliott-Fisk&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildland+Resources+Center+Report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 109 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04562 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmosphere; biology; case studies; drainage basins; ecology; ecosystems; hydrology; Lake Tahoe; land use; natural resources; regulations; Sierra Nevada; Truckee Marsh; United States; vegetation; water balance; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Orientation of sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, to weevil, frass, and food odors AN - 16440136; 4337965 AB - Adults of the sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, form aggregations on citrus trees, where they feed on new foliage. The relative roles of male and female weevils, frass, food, and combinations of these odor sources in aggregation formation were studied using a y-tube olfactometer. Female and male D. abbreviatus were attracted by food, males, females, and female or male frass. Females were most often attracted by damaged food (broken green beans), whereas males were similarly attracted to damaged food and either female frass, male frass, or heterosexual pairs. No enhancement of attraction by either sex was found when males and male frass were combined with damaged food. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Harari, A R AU - Landolt, P J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology USDA-ARS 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 857 EP - 868 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - USA, Florida KW - Weevils KW - aggregation behavior KW - food KW - frass KW - olfaction KW - orientation KW - pheromones KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16440136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Orientation+of+sugarcane+rootstalk+borer+weevil%2C+Diaprepes+abbreviatus%2C+to+weevil%2C+frass%2C+and+food+odors&rft.au=Harari%2C+A+R%3BLandolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Harari&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=857&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of flow cytometry and fluorescein-labeled antibodies to measure specific milk proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells AN - 16311296; 4252529 AB - A flow cytometric technique was developed to measure the relative concentration of whey protein and beta -casein in individual fixed and permeabilized bovine mammary epithelial cells. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells were compared to mammary cells isolated from explants after a 24-h incubation and a bovine mammary epithelial transfected cell line (MAC-T). Cells were incubated with rabbit anti-bovine whey protein ( alpha -lactalbumin + beta -lactoglobulin) or beta -casein primary antibodies followed by a fluorescein-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG second antibody. The number and intensity of fluorescing cells were measured using an EPICS Profile Flow Cytometer. Primary and explant cells contained 3.3 and 2.8 times more whey protein than MAC-T cells. Explant epithelial cells contained 2.9 and 5.1 times more beta -casein than primary or MAC-T cells. The higher concentrations of specific proteins within the cells was attributed to either greater synthesis or reduced secretion. These data show that flow cytometry is capable of detecting differences in milk protein concentration in different mammary epithelial cell types. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Keys, JE AU - Guidry, A J AU - Cifrian, E AD - USDA-ARS, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Laboratory, B-173, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 201 EP - 205 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - antibodies KW - cow's milk KW - epithelium KW - flow cytometry KW - fluorescein KW - mammary gland KW - milk proteins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16311296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=The+use+of+flow+cytometry+and+fluorescein-labeled+antibodies+to+measure+specific+milk+proteins+in+bovine+mammary+epithelial+cells&rft.au=Keys%2C+JE%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BCifrian%2C+E&rft.aulast=Keys&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bovine mammary explant versus primary cell cultures: Effect of bovine somatotropin and insulinlike growth factor-I on DNA content and protein synthesis AN - 16309057; 4252528 AB - Cellular DNA, milk protein content, and protein secretion by bovine mammary explants were compared to cultures of confluent and growing primary bovine mammary secretory cells over 4 d. Explants were obtained at slaughter from eight Holstein cows (120 plus or minus 35 d lactation). Primary cells were grown to confluence, cryopreserved, thawed, and cultured through five passages. Explants and cells were cocultured with liver and adipose tissue in the presence of somatotropin, insulinlike growth factor-I, and somatotropin + insulinlike growth factor-I. Cellular DNA and milk proteins were assayed using fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. Media proteins were assayed by densitometer scanning of electrophoresis gel bands. DNA content of explant, confluent, and growing primary cells increased similarly through the 96 h incubation. DNA content in G sub(0)G sub(1) phase was increased by: (a) insulinlike growth factor-I in explant cells; (b) somatotropin, insulinlike growth factor-I, and their combination in confluent primary cells; and (c) the combination of somatotropin and insulinlike growth factor in growing primary cells. Approximately 65% of explant and confluent primary cells were in the G sub(0)G sub(1) or differentiated phase compared to 47% for the growing primary cells. Whey protein content and secretion were similar among cell types. Explant cells contained and secreted more beta -casein than primary cells but secretion trends for beta -casein and k-casein were similar after 48 h for both cell types. Results suggest that primary cell cultures are comparable to explant cultures when used to study mechanisms of DNA and milk protein synthesis and secretion. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Keys, JE AU - Cifrian, E AU - Guidry, A J AU - Farrell, H M AD - USDA-ARS, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Laboratory, B-173, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 206 EP - 211 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - growth hormone KW - insulin-like growth factor I KW - mammalian cells KW - protein biosynthesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16309057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Bovine+mammary+explant+versus+primary+cell+cultures%3A+Effect+of+bovine+somatotropin+and+insulinlike+growth+factor-I+on+DNA+content+and+protein+synthesis&rft.au=Keys%2C+JE%3BCifrian%2C+E%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BFarrell%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Keys&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil respiration response to three years of elevated CO sub(2) and N fertilization in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Laws.) AN - 16237538; 4228881 AB - We measured growing season soil CO sub(2) evolution under elevated atmospheric [CO sub(2)] and soil nitrogen (N) additions. Our objectives were to determine treatment effects, quantify seasonal variation, and compare two measurement techniques. Elevated [CO sub(2)] treatments were applied in open-top chambers containing ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L.) seedlings. N applications were made annually in early spring. The experimental design was a replicated factorial combination of CO sub(2) (ambient, +175, and +350 mu L L super(-1) CO sub(2)) and N (0, 10, and 20 g m super(-2) N as ammonium sulphate). Soils were irrigated to maintain soil moisture at > 25 percent. Soil CO sub(2) evolution was measured over diurnal periods (20-22 hours) in October 1992, and April, June, and October 1993 and 1994 using a flow-through, infrared gas analyzer measurement system and corresponding pCO sub(2) measurements were made with gas wells. Significantly higher soil CO sub(2) evolution was observed in the elevated CO sub(2) treatments; N effects were not significant. Averaged across all measurement periods, fluxes, were 4.8, 8.0, and 6.5 for ambient +175 CO sub(2), and +350 CO sub(2) respectively). Treatment variation was linearly related to fungal occurrence as observed in minirhizotron tubes. Seasonal variation in soil CO sub(2) evolution was non-linearly related to soil temperature; i.e., fluxes increased up to approximately soil temperature (10cm soil depth) and decreased dramatically at temperatures > 18 degree C. These patterns indicate exceeding optimal temperatures for biological activity. The dynamic, flow-through measurement system was weakly correlated (r = 0.57; p < 0.0001; n = 56) with the pCO sub(2) measurement method. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Vose, J M AU - Elliott, K J AU - Johnson, D W AU - Tingey, D T AU - Johnson, M G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Experiment Stn., Coweeta Hydrologic Lab., 999 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 190 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Blackjack pine KW - Bull pine KW - Pinabete KW - Ponderosa pine KW - Rock pine KW - USA, California KW - Western yellow pine KW - atmospheric conditions KW - carbon dioxide KW - nutrient availability KW - respiration KW - soil KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+respiration+response+to+three+years+of+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+N+fertilization+in+ponderosa+pine+%28Pinus+ponderosa+Doug.+ex+Laws.%29&rft.au=Vose%2C+J+M%3BElliott%2C+K+J%3BJohnson%2C+D+W%3BTingey%2C+D+T%3BJohnson%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Vose&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of sterilization, pH, filler and spore inoculum concentration on the preparation of alginate pellets AN - 16228839; 4222650 AB - Alginate encapsulation of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus was studied in order to optimize encapsulation of fungal inocula with alginic acid. Sterilization by autoclaving is known to depolymerize sodium alginate. Buffered solutions (pH = 7-8) reduced this effect. Autoclaving the alginate solution with a filler /nutrient further inhibited the depolymerization reaction. Autoclaving under optimal conditions allowed a less expensive alginate (medium viscosity) to be used at a lower concentration (1%) to produce a stable product. The lowest cost pellets resulted from use of 1% medium viscosity sodium alginate with 10% cotton-seed meal. Further savings may be achieved by performing fermentations directly in alginate-nutrient mixtures and thus eliminating the mixing and blending steps. In such formulations, the nutrient composition and length of fermentation must be adjusted to prevent alginate hydrolysis. The ultimate composition of alginate pellets is influenced by the diffusion of nutrients during gelation. Up to 65% of water-soluble nutrients were lost from alginate pellets during gelation. Once pellets are introduced into the environment, organisms other than the formulated agent compete for pelleted nutrients. A minimum concentration of the biocontrol agent must be present to ensure the agent excludes competitors and successfully converts the nutrients to biomass. For A. flavus, 5000 spores g super(-1) were required. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Daigle, D J AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Regional Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 3 EP - 10 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - alginate KW - alginic acid KW - biological control KW - fermentation KW - pH KW - spores KW - sterilization KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16228839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+sterilization%2C+pH%2C+filler+and+spore+inoculum+concentration+on+the+preparation+of+alginate+pellets&rft.au=Daigle%2C+D+J%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Daigle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extruded granular formulation with biomass of biocontrol Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma spp. to reduce damping-off of eggplant caused by Rhizoctonia solani and saprophytic growth of the pathogen in soil-less mix AN - 16225594; 4222646 AB - Extruded granular formulations containing rice flour, gluten, Pyrax, vermiculite, canola oil, and fermentor-produced biomass of isolates of Gliocladium virens (Gl-3, Gl-21 and Gl-32), Trichoderma hamatum (TRI-4 and 31-3), T. harzianum (Th-32 and Th-87) and T. viride (Tv-101) were evaluated for their effect on the reduction of eggplant damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, reduction of pathogen inoculum and proliferation of the isolates in a soil-less mix. Granules with all isolates except 31-3 significantly (P < 0.01) reduced damping-off, and granules with Gl-3, Gl-21, Gl-32, TRI-4 and Th-87 yielded stands comparable to that (90%) of the non-infested control. Granules with isolates Gl-21 and TRI-4 were the most effective in the reduction of saprophytic growth of R. solani, and there was a significant inverse correlation (r super(2) = -0.82) between eggplant stand and saprophytic growth of the pathogen over all treatments. Isolate propagules proliferated to about 10 super(7) colony-forming units (CFU) g super(-1) of soil-less mix after a 6-week incubation, but there was no correlation between the number of CFU and eggplant stand or saprophytic growth reduction of the pathogen. Granules with Gl-21 and TRI-4 amended to pathogen-infested soil-less mix at a rate as low as 0.06% significantly (P < 0.05) reduced damping-off and pathogen saprophytic growth, and a rate of 0.25% of Gl-21 granules resulted in an eggplant stand comparable to that of the non-infested control. There was no significant correlation between the rate of granule amendment and the proliferation of Gl-21 and TRI-4. Granules of Gl-21 and TRI-4 also significantly prevented the spread of R. solani in flats of eggplant seedlings when the biocontrol granules were applied to the soil-less mix 1 day before the pathogen inoculum. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Lewis, JA AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA, ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 49 EP - 60 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - biological control KW - biomass KW - damping-off KW - soil KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16225594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Extruded+granular+formulation+with+biomass+of+biocontrol+Gliocladium+virens+and+Trichoderma+spp.+to+reduce+damping-off+of+eggplant+caused+by+Rhizoctonia+solani+and+saprophytic+growth+of+the+pathogen+in+soil-less+mix&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increase of CO sub(2) and climate change effects on Iowa soybean yield, simulated using GLYCIM AN - 16209700; 4275131 AB - Increases in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration are likely to have a significant impact on the climate and to affect the growth and development of crops. The effect of climate change on crops has to be assessed for large areas to provide information for global estimates and regional strategy development. In this study, computer simulations were done using the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop model GLYCIM to assess the effects of these changes on soybean yields in the state of Iowa. The ability of the model to accurately predict the effect of changes in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration was tested by comparing model results with a curve fit of CO sub(2) concentration yield response derived from measured data. To simulate the effects of climate change, we used projected monthly weather variables for ambient and increased CO sub(2) from three general circulation models (GCMs): Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO). The monthly weather variables were converted to the daily weather to simulate soybean crop yields in nine crop reporting districts (CRDs) of Iowa, with and without increases in atmospheric CO sub(2). When climate change was simulated with increasing levels of CO sub(2) (baseline 350, 450, 550, and 650 mu L L super(-1)), yields increased. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Haskett, J D AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Acock, B AD - Duke Univ. Phytotron and USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16209700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Increase+of+CO+sub%282%29+and+climate+change+effects+on+Iowa+soybean+yield%2C+simulated+using+GLYCIM&rft.au=Haskett%2C+J+D%3BPachepsky%2C+YA%3BAcock%2C+B&rft.aulast=Haskett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-distance dispersal of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in Texas AN - 16120021; 4210691 JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Schaefer, R R AU - Saenz, D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 157 EP - 160 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - USA, Texas KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Picoides borealis KW - movements KW - dispersal KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25656:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16120021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Long-distance+dispersal+of+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers+in+Texas&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R%3BSaenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; movements; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest species diversity in upper elevation hardwood forests in the southern Appalachian mountains AN - 16111785; 4204718 AB - Overstory, shrub-layer, and herb-layer flora composition and abundance patterns in eleven forest sites were studied to evaluate species diversity and richness before implementing three types of harvest treatments. The sites were within the Wine Spring Creek Watershed and were classified as high elevation, dry, Quercus rubra-Rhododendron calendulaceum based on McNab and Browning's Landscape Ecosystem Classification system. Evaluation of species diversity was determined by Shannon-Weiner's index of diversity (H') and Pielou's species evenness index (J'). Overstory H' based on tree density ranged from 1.62 to 2.50 and H' based on tree basal area ranged from 0.94 to 2.22. The importance values for woody species, showed four species that occurred on all sites (Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Amelanchier arborea, and Castanea dentata) accounted for 32 to 84% of overstory abundance. Shrub-layer H' sub(Density) ranged from 0.64 to 2.33 and H' sub(BA) ranged from 0.40 to 2.26. Rhododendron calendulaceum and Castanea dentata were the only species present on all sites and accounted for 28.5 to 92.3% of the shrub-layer abundance. Herb-layer H' sub(Density) ranged from 1.72 to 3.02 and J' sub(Density) was low, between 0.5 and 0.6 on most sites. Herb-layer diversity was determined by a few dominant species. Although species richness ranged from 51 to 73, seven genera of understory herbs [Prenanthes trifoliata, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Viola hastata, Medeola virginiana, Solidago (curtisii and arguta), and Carex spp., and Aster spp.] occurred on all sites and accounted for 50 to 91% of the total density and 27 to 75% of the total cover. Early successional species were well represented at all sites. Seedling survivorship, germination, and overstory contribution of seeds, caused varied site representation of species. This study provides base line data for observing variation in species richness and diversity that will result from experimental harvest methods. JF - Castanea AU - Elliot, K J AU - Hewitt, D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Coweeta Hydrological Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 32 EP - 42 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0008-7475, 0008-7475 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - understory KW - species diversity KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16111785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=Forest+species+diversity+in+upper+elevation+hardwood+forests+in+the+southern+Appalachian+mountains&rft.au=Elliot%2C+K+J%3BHewitt%2C+D&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; forests; species diversity; understory ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nests of Northern Spotted Owls on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington AN - 16108296; 4210757 AB - We located 155 nests in 82 territories occupied by Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. All nests were in trees. Of 116 nests that were measured, 105 were in cavities and 11 were in external platforms on tree limbs. Cavity nests were typically in large holes in the side of the trunk or in the broken top of the trunk. Aspect of cavity entrances was non-random, with the majority of cavities facing east-north-east. Location of nest trees did not differ from expected values for slope aspect or position on slope. Proportions of nest sites in different percent slope categories differed from availability, with more nests than expected in the higher percent slope categories. Nests usually were in stands with high overall canopy closure ( greater than or equal to 70%), but canopy closure in the immediate vicinity of the nest varied from 35-90%. Most nests (87%) were in multilayered stands dominated by large trees. Nests in younger stands were typically in stands where remnant old trees were present. Owls changed nests between successive nesting events in 80% of all cases. Changes in pair members on a territory did not influence the frequency with which pairs switched to a new nest tree in the next nesting year. Based on observed rates of attrition, the expected life span of nests was 120 years. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Forsman, ED AU - Giese, A R AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Lab., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 28 EP - 41 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Northern spotted owl KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - Strix occidentalis caurina KW - site fidelity KW - site selection KW - nests KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Nests+of+Northern+Spotted+Owls+on+the+Olympic+Peninsula%2C+Washington&rft.au=Forsman%2C+ED%3BGiese%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Forsman&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis caurina; USA, Washington; nests; site selection; site fidelity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization of a phytoplasma associated with annual blue grass (Poa annua) white leaf disease in southern Italy AN - 16077512; 4114069 AB - A phytoplasma was detected in annual blue grass (Poa annua L. Fienardo), exhibiting white leaf symptoms, that was grown in the fields near Caserta in southern Italy. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences, the phytoplasma associated with annual blue grass white leaf disease was identified as a new member of phytoplasma 16S rRNA group XI (16SrXI) (type strain, rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma). The annual blue grass white leaf phytoplasma is most closely related to Bermuda grass white leaf phytoplasma found in Asia. Annul blue grass white leaf and Bermuda grass white leaf phytoplasmas were designated as the third subgroup (16SrXI-C) of group XI. This is the first report that a plant pathogenic phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrXI is present on the European continent. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Pastore, M AU - Vibio, M AU - Danielli, A AU - Attathom, S AU - Davis, R E AU - Bertaccini, A AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 251 EP - 254 VL - 103 IS - 3 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phytoplasma KW - plant diseases KW - Italy KW - Poa annua KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16077512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+of+a+phytoplasma+associated+with+annual+blue+grass+%28Poa+annua%29+white+leaf+disease+in+southern+Italy&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BPastore%2C+M%3BVibio%2C+M%3BDanielli%2C+A%3BAttathom%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BBertaccini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poa annua; Italy; plant diseases; phytoplasma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of two avian Salmonella-immune lymphokines against liver invasion in chickens by Salmonella serovars with different O-group antigens AN - 16038979; 4088837 AB - Newly hatched chicks are susceptible to organ invasion by various serovars of Salmonella. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (SEILK) increased resistance to organ invasion by S. enteritidis (SE) in day-of-hatch chicks. In the present study, we determined that Salmonella-immune lymphokines can provide protection against organ invasion by serovars that are unrelated to the original serovar used as an immunogen. Immune lymphokines were produced from the splenic T cells of mature hens immunized with either viable SE or Salmonella anatum (SA). Day-of-hatch chicks were treated with either SA-immune lymphokine (SAILK) or SEILK and challenged per os with either Salmonella typhimurium (ST) or SE 1 hr later. Liver samples were aseptically collected 20 hr later and were cultured to detect salmonella. We found that SAILK conferred resistance against invasion by either SE, a serogroup D organism, or ST, a serogroup B organism. Furthermore, SEILK reduced organ invasion by ST. These observations together reveal that the protection against organ invasion conferred by Salmonella-immune lymphokines is unrelated to the serovar-specific antigenic characteristics of the immunizing bacteria. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Kogut, M H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - O antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - liver KW - Salmonella KW - lymphokines KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16038979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+two+avian+Salmonella-immune+lymphokines+against+liver+invasion+in+chickens+by+Salmonella+serovars+with+different+O-group+antigens&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; lymphokines; liver ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time analysis of antibody binding interactions with immobilized E. coli O157:H7 cells using the BIAcore AN - 16034721; 4093596 AB - The kinetic properties of antibody-antigen reaction and other interacting macromolecules can be analyzed in real-time using the surface plasmon resonance biosensor (BIAcore). The interactions of an antibody against Escherichia coli O157:H7 were studied using immobilized whole cells. The bacterial sensor surface was evaluated with anti-E. coli in a continuous flow system. Regeneration of the sensor surface with guanidine-HCl was more effective than with phosphoric acid and resulted in better binding reproducibility. The determined kinetic values, association and dissociation rate constants, can be used in the development of rapid immuno-techniques. This study also provides the basis to evaluate real-time interactions of macromolecules with immobilized cells. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Medina, M B AU - Van Houten, L AU - Cooke, PH AU - Tu, SI AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 173 EP - 176 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - BIAcore KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immobilized cells KW - antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33210:Immobilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Real-time+analysis+of+antibody+binding+interactions+with+immobilized+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+cells+using+the+BIAcore&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BVan+Houten%2C+L%3BCooke%2C+PH%3BTu%2C+SI&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immobilized cells; antibodies; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal endophytes of wild barley and their effects on Diuraphis noxia population development AN - 16025497; 4092397 AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the expression of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) resistance in four plant introduction (PI) lines of wild barley (Hordeum) infected with different species or strains of endophytic fungi (tribe Balansieae, family Clavicipitaceae, Neotyphodium gen. nov. [formerly Acremonium]). Aphid densities were significantly lower on endophyte-infected plants of PI 314696 (H. bogdanii Wilensky) and P1 440420 (H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum (Boissier & Hohenacker)), compared with densities on endophyte-free plants of both PI lines in population growth experiments. This endophyte- associated resistance was the result of antibiosis effects or starvation. In other experiments, endophyte-free plants of PI 269406 and PI 440413 (H. bogdanii) were not superior to endophyte-infected conspecifics as host plants of D. noxia. Our results demonstrate the influence of host plant species/genotype and endophyte species/strain on expression of aphid resistance, provide an explanation of the high levels of D. noxia resistance in PI 314696 and PI 440420 previously reported in the literature, and underscore the potential importance of endophytic fungi in conferring insect resistance in wild barley. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Clement, S L AU - Wilson, AD AU - Lester, D G AU - Davitt, C M AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Res. Unit, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 275 EP - 281 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Homoptera KW - endophytes KW - fungi KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - Hordeum KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - pest resistance KW - Neotyphodium KW - population dynamics KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16025497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Fungal+endophytes+of+wild+barley+and+their+effects+on+Diuraphis+noxia+population+development&rft.au=Clement%2C+S+L%3BWilson%2C+AD%3BLester%2C+D+G%3BDavitt%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diuraphis noxia; Hordeum; Neotyphodium; Aphididae; pest resistance; population dynamics; endophytes; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Mycoplasma isolates by ELISA AN - 16013846; 4088840 AB - An antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Two trials were conducted to compare the ELISA with the conventional fluorescent antibody technique. In trial 1, broilers were inoculated with M. gallisepticum F, M. gallisepticum S6, and M. synoviae. In trial 2, hens were inoculated with M. gallisepticum F, M. synoviae, and a combination of the two. Swab isolates were obtained from the choanal cleft and cultures were grown in broth media with a pH indicator. The organisms were bound to 96-well plates for the ELISA or cultured on agar for the fluorescent antibody test. Monoclonal antibodies directed to M. gallisepticum F, M. gallisepticum S6, and M. synoviae were reacted with the ELISA aliquots. The ELISA test identified the mycoplasmas in these samples and was completed within 8 hr but did not identify as many isolates as the fluorescent antibody procedure. The principal advantage of this ELISA is the ability to identify the strain of mycoplasma. JF - Avian Diseases AU - May, J D AU - Branton, S L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 93 EP - 96 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma synoviae KW - Mycoplasma gallisepticum KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01115:Mycoplasmas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Mycoplasma+isolates+by+ELISA&rft.au=May%2C+J+D%3BBranton%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tall larkspur ingestion: Can cattle regulate intake below toxic levels? AN - 15999842; 4084261 AB - Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is a toxic forb often consumed by cattle on mountain rangelands, with annual fatalities averaging about 5%. This study examined the relationship between food ingestion and toxicity in cattle. Two grazing studies suggested that larkspur consumption above 25-30% of cattle diets for one or two days led to reduced larkspur consumption on subsequent days. We subsequently hypothesized that cattle can generally limit intake of larkspur to sublethal levels. This hypothesis was tested by feeding a 27% larkspur pellet in experiment 1. Cattle given a 27% larkspur pellet ad libitum showed distinct cyclic patterns of intake, where increased larkspur consumption on one or two days was followed by reduced (P 0.05) between controls and treatment animals at the 20 or 40 mg LiCl/kg dose in the percentage of corn consumed, but the 80 mg LiCl /kg dose induced a cyclic response (mean 46%) compared to intake by controls (mean 96%) (P < 0.001). At the 80 mg/kg dose, LiCl induced an aversion to corn; when corn intake decreased on subsequent days and LiCl dose also decreased, cattle responded by increasing corn intake and apparently extinguishing the transient food aversion. Experiment 3 was similar to the LiCl trial, except that tall larkspur was the toxin. Cattle responded to oral gavage of ground larkspur with distinct cycles; days of higher corn consumption were followed by one to three days of reduced consumption. Corn intake for controls was higher (P < 0.01) than for larkspur-treated animals (means 84 and 52%, respectively; day x treatment interaction P < 0.01). The threshold for toxic effects on corn intake was 14 mg toxic alkaloid/kg body weight. In conclusion, cattle apparently limit ingestion of some toxins so that periods of high consumption are followed by periods of reduced consumption to allow for detoxification. Cyclic consumption generally enables cattle to regulate tall larkspur consumption below a toxic threshold and allows cattle the opportunity to safely use an otherwise nutritious, but toxic, plant. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Pfister, JA AU - Provenza, F D AU - Manners, G D AU - Gardner AU - Ralphs, M H AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 759 EP - 778 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - cattle KW - alkaloids KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - allelochemicals KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - food intake KW - Y 25697:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15999842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Tall+larkspur+ingestion%3A+Can+cattle+regulate+intake+below+toxic+levels%3F&rft.au=Pfister%2C+JA%3BProvenza%2C+F+D%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BGardner%3BRalphs%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; allelochemicals; food intake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The scaling characteristics of remotely-sensed variables for sparsely-vegetated heterogeneous landscapes AN - 15985444; 4084297 AB - With increasing interest in airborne and satellite-based sensors for mapping regional and global energy balance, there is a need to determine the uncertainty involved in aggregating remotely-sensed variables [surface temperature (T sub(k)) and reflectance ( rho )] and surface energy fluxes [sensible (H) and latent ( lambda E) heat flux] over large areas. This uncertainty is directly related to two factors: (1) the non-linearity of the relation between the sensor signal and T sub(k), rho , H or lambda E; and (2) the heterogeneity of the site. In this study, we compiled several remotely-sensed data sets acquired at different locations within a semi-arid rangeland in Arizona, at a variety of spatial and temporal resolutions. These data sets provided the range of data heterogeneities necessary for an extensive analysis of data aggregation. The general technique to evaluate uncertainty was to compare remotely-sensed variables and energy balance components calculated in two ways: first, calculated at the pixel resolution and averaged to the coarser resolution; and second, calculated directly at the coarse resolution by aggregating the fine-resolution data to the coarse scale. Results showed that the error in the aggregation of T sub(k) and rho was negligible for a wide range of conditions. However, the error in aggregation of H and lambda E was highly influenced by the heterogeneity of the site. Errors in H larger than 50% were possible under certain conditions. The conditions associated with the largest aggregation errors in H were: sites which are composed of a mix of stable and unstable conditions; sites which have considerable variations in aerodynamic roughness, especially for highly unstable conditions where the difference between surface and air temperature is large; and sites which are characterized by patch vegetation, where the pixel resolution is less than or nearly-equal to the diameter of the vegetation 'element' (in most cases, the diameter of the dominant vegetation type or vegetation patch). Thus, knowledge of the surface heterogeneity is essential for minimizing error in aggregation of H and lambda E. Two schemes are presented for quantifying surface heterogeneity as a first step in data aggregation. These results emphasized the need for caution in aggregation of energy balance components over heterogeneous landscapes with sparse or mixed vegetation types. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Moran AU - Humes, K S AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AD - USDA-ARS US Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 337 EP - 362 VL - 190 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - aggregation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - data acquisition KW - mapping KW - heterogeneity KW - vegetation KW - energy KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=The+scaling+characteristics+of+remotely-sensed+variables+for+sparsely-vegetated+heterogeneous+landscapes&rft.au=Moran%3BHumes%2C+K+S%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Aggregate description of land-atmosphere interactions. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vegetation; remote sensing; mapping; heterogeneity; data acquisition; energy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of alternative nitrogen and carbon sources for sugarbeet suspension culture platings in development of cell selection schemes AN - 15971830; 4071067 AB - Low molecular weight nitrogenous impurity compounds as well as raffinose are negative quality factors that interfere with efficient processing of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) for sucrose. In order to identify nutrient media for cell selection of biochemical mutants or transgenics that might have reduced levels of these processing impurities, the ability of 10 endogenous compounds to serve as sole nitrogen or carbon source for suspension plating and subculture callus growth was evaluated. The most productive concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, L-glutamine, L-glutamate, urea, and L-proline as sole nitrogen sources supported plating callus growth at 106, 159, 233, 167, 80, and 52%, respectively, as well as the historical 60 mM mix of nitrate and ammonium in Murashige-Skoog medium. Glycine betaine and choline did not support growth. D(+) Raffinose and D(+) galactose supported plating callus growth only 67 and 25%, respectively, as well as sucrose as sole carbohydrate source. No callus growth occurred on glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine as the sole carbon or carbon plus nitrogen source. Platings on either nitrate or ammonium as sole nitrogen source did not differ in sensitivity to the nitrate uptake inhibitor phenylglyoxal, suggesting that phenylglyoxal lacks the specificity for use in selection for mutants of nitrate uptake. The ability of raffinose to be used as the carbon source, and glutamine or glutamate as the nitrogen source, may preclude their use for selection of genetic variants accumulating less of these processing impurities. However, mutants or transgenics able to utilize either glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine might be selectable on media containing any one of these as carbon, nitrogen, or carbon plus nitrogen source, respectively, that is incapable of supporting wild-type cell growth. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Saunders, J W AU - Tsai, C J AU - Samper, E AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Sugarbeet and Bean Res. Unit, Dep. Crop & Soil Sci., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 56 EP - 61 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - carbon KW - choline KW - galactose KW - glutamine KW - glycine betaine KW - nitrogen KW - phenylglyoxal KW - raffinose KW - sucrose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - callus KW - Beta vulgaris KW - tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15971830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+alternative+nitrogen+and+carbon+sources+for+sugarbeet+suspension+culture+platings+in+development+of+cell+selection+schemes&rft.au=Saunders%2C+J+W%3BTsai%2C+C+J%3BSamper%2C+E&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - callus; tissue culture; Beta vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swallow-tailed kite nesting in Texas: Past and present AN - 15966239; 4070039 AB - The historical breeding range of the swallow-tailed kite (Elanoides forficatus) in the United States extended from the Carolinas and Tennessee south through Florida, and Wisconsin and Minnesota south through Louisiana, and Nebraska to central and southeastern Texas. The species' decline in Texas apparently was well under way be 1900 and resulted in almost complete extirpation by 1910. The last published report of breeding in Texas was from Harris County near Houston during 1911-1914. On 31 March 1994, an active swallow-tailed kite nest was located by the first two authors in an extensive bottomland and hardwood forest approximately 1 km from the Neches River in Tyler County, Texas. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Brown, R E AU - Williamson, J H AU - Boone, D B AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 103 EP - 105 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - new records KW - historical account KW - ecological distribution KW - Elanoides forficatus KW - breeding status KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15966239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Swallow-tailed+kite+nesting+in+Texas%3A+Past+and+present&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+E%3BWilliamson%2C+J+H%3BBoone%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elanoides forficatus; USA, Texas; breeding status; ecological distribution; historical account; new records ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demography of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures AN - 15965401; 4061698 AB - Reproductive and population parameters of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett); oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis (Hendel); Malaysian fruit flies, B. latifrons (Hendel); and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were measured at 16, 18, 24, 29, and 32 plus or minus 1 degree C. Female longevity of B. cucurbitae, C. capitata, B. dorsalis, and B. latifrons ranged (minimum/maximum) from 35.6 to 136.5, 12.5 to 107.3, 27.5 to 133.5, and 15.0 to 80.3 d, respectively. Corresponding ranges for longevity of male fruit flies were 37.4 to 220.8, 13.3 to 182.0, 23.1 to 116.8, and 12.4 to 61.3 d, respectively. Highest net reproductive rates (i.e., production of newborn females per generation) for all species occurred at 24 degree C. At this temperature, B. dorsalis rates were almost twice those for all other species. The rate of multiplication per generation per female was <1 for B. latifrons reared at all temperatures and for B. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis, and C. capitata at 16 and 32 degree C. Highest intrinsic rates of population increase for all species were at 29 degree C. Values at this temperature were highest for C. capitata and lowest for B. latifrons. Mean generation times varied inversely with temperature. The effects of temperature on fruit fly reproduction and life history patterns are discussed with respect to rearing operations and geography. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Vargas, R I AU - Walsh, WA AU - Kanehisa, D AU - Jang, E B AU - Armstrong, J W AD - Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 162 EP - 168 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Bactrocera cucurbitae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - demography KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Bactrocera latifrons KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - Tephritidae KW - fecundity KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15965401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Demography+of+four+Hawaiian+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+reared+at+five+constant+temperatures&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BWalsh%2C+WA%3BKanehisa%2C+D%3BJang%2C+E+B%3BArmstrong%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera latifrons; Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; demography; fecundity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two groups of phytoplasmas from Japan distinguished on the basis of amplification and restriction analysis of 16S rDNA AN - 15963239; 4061693 AB - Phytoplasmas (mycoplasmalike organisms, MLOs) associated with mitsuba (Japanese honewort) witches'-broom (JHW), garland chrysanthemum witches'-broom (GCW), eggplant dwarf (ED), tomato yellows (TY), marguerite yellows (MY), gentian witches'-broom (GW), and tsuwabuki witches'-broom (TW) in Japan were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA and restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products. The phytoplasmas could be separated into two groups, one containing strains JHW, GCW, ED, TY, and MY, and the other containing strains GW and TW, corresponding to two groups previously recognized on the basis of transmission by Macrosteles striifrons and Scleroracus flavopictus, respectively. The strains transmitted by M. striifrons were classified in 16S rRNA gene group 16SrI, which contains aster yellows and related phytoplasma strains. Strains GW and TW were classified in group 16SrIII, which contains phytoplasmas associated with peach X-disease, clover yellow edge, and related phytoplasmas. Digestion of amplified 16S rDNA with HpaII indicated that strains GW and TW were affiliated with subgroup 16SrIII-B, which contains clover yellow edge phytoplasma. All seven strains were distinguished from other phytoplasmas, including those associated with clover proliferation, ash yellows, elm yellows, and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence in North America, and Malaysian periwinkle yellows and sweet potato witches'-broom in Asia. JF - Plant Disease AU - Okuda, S AU - Prince, J P AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AU - Mogen, B AU - Kato, S AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 301 EP - 305 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - DNA KW - rRNA 16S KW - Macrosteles striifrons KW - Scleroracus flavopictus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cicadellidae KW - vectors KW - phytoplasma KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - Homoptera KW - Japan KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - N 14411:Isolation, occurrence & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15963239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Two+groups+of+phytoplasmas+from+Japan+distinguished+on+the+basis+of+amplification+and+restriction+analysis+of+16S+rDNA&rft.au=Okuda%2C+S%3BPrince%2C+J+P%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming%3BMogen%2C+B%3BKato%2C+S&rft.aulast=Okuda&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cicadellidae; Homoptera; Japan; phytoplasma; mycoplasma-like organisms; vectors; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of antibiotic-producing Pseudomonas spp. in natural environments AN - 15924273; 4044876 AB - The antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) are major determinants of biological control of soilborne plant pathogens by various strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In this study, we described primers and probes that enable specific and efficient detection of a wide variety of fluorescent Pseudomonas strains that produce various phenazine antibiotics or Phl. PCR analysis and Southern hybridization demonstrated that specific genes within the biosynthetic loci for Phl and PCA are conserved among various Pseudomonas strains of worldwide origin. The frequency of Phl- and PCA-producing fluorescent pseudomonads was determined on roots of wheat grown in three soils suppressive to take-all disease of wheat and four soils conducive to take-all by colony hybridization followed by PCR. Phenazine-producing strains were not detected on roots from any of the soils. However, Phl-producing fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from all three take-all-suppressive soils at densities ranging from approximately 5 x 10 super(5) to 2 x 10 super(6) CFU per g of root. In the complementary conducive soils, Phl-producing pseudomonads were not detected or were detected at densities at least 40-fold lower than those in the suppressive soils. We speculate that fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce Phl play an important role in the natural suppressiveness of these soils to take-all disease of wheat. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Raaijmakers, J M AU - Weller, D M AU - Thomashow, L S AD - USDA-ARS, 367 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 881 EP - 887 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - antibiotics KW - phenazine-1-carboxylic acid KW - 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Pseudomonas KW - fluorescence KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - A 01030:General KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15924273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+antibiotic-producing+Pseudomonas+spp.+in+natural+environments&rft.au=Raaijmakers%2C+J+M%3BWeller%2C+D+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Raaijmakers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; biological control; plant protection; fluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current approaches for reconditioning process water and its use in food manufacturing operations AN - 15918270; 4048735 AB - Water is perhaps the most critical component in the processing of most food products. Supplies of water that is suitable for use in food processing operations are becoming limited. Three aspects of water as they relate to food processing will be discussed: water as a vehicle for various foodborne disease agents (bacterial, viral and parasitic); an overview of waste-water treatment processes, including the agents used in the final phase to disinfect water; and approaches to reconditioning food plant processing water for reuse within the food processing plant and in other areas of food production. Although the potential for the use of reconditioned water is vast, actual applications are currently very few. JF - Trends in Food Science & Technology AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Miller, A J AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0924-2244, 0924-2244 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - water KW - reviews KW - food KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15918270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Current+approaches+for+reconditioning+process+water+and+its+use+in+food+manufacturing+operations&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+SA%3BRajkowski%2C+K+T%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=09242244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water; reviews; food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initial steps in the degradation of methoxychlor by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 15906375; 4038489 AB - The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized [ring- super(14)C]methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane] and metabolized it to a variety of products. The three most prominent of these were identified as the 1-dechloro derivative 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, the 2-hydroxy derivative 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, and the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol by comparison of the derivatives with authentic standards in chromatographic and mass spectrometric experiments. In addition, the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative was identified from its super(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The 1-dechloro and 2-hydroxy derivatives were both converted to the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative by the fungus; i.e., there was no requirement that dechlorination precede hydroxylation or vice versa. All three metabolites were mineralized and are therefore likely intermediates in the degradation of methoxychlor by P. chrysosporium. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Grifoll, M AU - Hammel, KE AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochem. Technol., USDA Forest Products Lab., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 1175 EP - 1177 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - methoxychlor KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15906375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Initial+steps+in+the+degradation+of+methoxychlor+by+the+white+rot+fungus+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Grifoll%2C+M%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Grifoll&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in vitro and in the rhizosphere of wheat AN - 15904632; 4038096 AB - The broad-spectrum antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) is a major determinant in the biological control of a wide range of plant diseases by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. A protocol was developed to readily isolate and quantify Phl from broth and agar cultures and from the rhizosphere environment of plants. Extraction with ethyl acetate at an acidic pH was suitable for both in vitro and in situ sources of Phl. For soil samples, the addition of an initial extraction step with 80% acetone at an acidic pH was highly effective in eliminating polar organic soil components, such as humic and fulvic acids, which can interfere with Phl detection by high-performance liquid chromotography. The efficiency of Phl recovery from soil by a single extraction averaged 54.6%, and a second extraction added another 6.1%. These yields were substantially greater than those achieved by several standard protocols commonly used to extract polar phenolic compounds from soil. For the first time Phl was isolated from the rhizosphere environment in raw soil. Following application of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87 and the Phl-overproducing strain Q2-87(pPHL5122) to the seeds of wheat, 2.1 and 2.4 mu g of Phl/g of root plus rhizosphere soil, respectively, were isolated from wheat grown in a Ritzville silt loam; 0.47 and 1.3 mu g of Phl/g of root plus rhizosphere soil, respectively, were isolated from wheat grown in a Shano silt loam. However, when the amount of Phi was calculated on the basis of cell density, Q2-87(pPHL5122) produced seven and six times more antibiotic than Q2-87 in Ritzville silt loam, and Shano silt loam, respectively. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bonsall, R F AU - Weller, D M AU - Thomashow, L S AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Root Dis. and Biol. Control Res. Unit, Washington State Univ., P.O. Box 646430, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 951 EP - 955 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - rhizosphere microorganisms KW - Pseudomonas KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15904632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+2%2C4-diacetylphloroglucinol+produced+by+fluorescent+Pseudomonas+spp.+in+vitro+and+in+the+rhizosphere+of+wheat&rft.au=Bonsall%2C+R+F%3BWeller%2C+D+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Bonsall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Triticum aestivum; rhizosphere microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157 AN - 15870702; 4026399 AB - Identification of the O157 antigen is an essential part of the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, which is recognized as a major etiologic agent of hemorrhagic colitis. However, polyclonal antibodies produced against E. coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may react with several other bacteria including Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Yersinia enterocolitica O9, Escherichia hermannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. We produced eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the LPS of E. coli O157. Western blots (immunoblots) of both the phenol phase (smooth) and the aqueous phase (rough) of hot phenol-water-purified LPS indicated that three of the MAbs were specific for the O antigen and five were reactive with the LPS core. The eight MAbs could be further differentiated by their reactivities to Salmonella O30 LPS (group N), which is reported to be identical to the E. coli O157 antigen. All eight MAbs reacted strongly to all of the 64 strains of E. coli O157 tested, which included 47 isolates of O157:H7 and 17 other O157 strains. None of the eight MAbs cross-reacted with any of the 38 other E. coli serotypes tested, which consisted of 29 different O-antigen serotypes, or with 38 strains (22 genera) of non-E. coli gram-negative enteric bacteria. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Westerman, R B AU - He, Yongsheng AU - Keen, JE AU - Littledike, E T AU - Kwang, J AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 679 EP - 684 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - specificity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Escherichia coli KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - antigens KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+and+characterization+of+monoclonal+antibodies+specific+for+the+lipopolysaccharide+of+Escherichia+coli+O157&rft.au=Westerman%2C+R+B%3BHe%2C+Yongsheng%3BKeen%2C+JE%3BLittledike%2C+E+T%3BKwang%2C+J&rft.aulast=Westerman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monoclonal antibodies; antigens; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affectingAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediatedgusA expression and opine synthesis inGladiolus AN - 1285092580; 17059977 AB - Five tumorigenic strains ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens were used to inoculate corms, cormels, plants grown in vitro, and seed-derived seedlings of several cultivars ofGladiolus. Tumors formed on 12% of the plant tissues inoculated, and 1% of these tumors synthesized either octopine or nopaline.A. tumefaciens-mediated beta -glu-curonida se (GUS) expression showed 0.5% and 3.5% GUS expression for plants grown in vitro and regenerable callus, respectively. GUS expression ranged from 40% to 61% whenA. tumefaciens was incubated with leaves from seedlings grown in the dark, whereas leaves from seedlings grown under a 16-h light photoperiod showed no GUS, indicating the significant effect of etiolation on transient GUS expression mediated byA. tumefaciens. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Kamo, K AD - United States Department of Agriculture National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, B-010A Room 238, BARC West, 20705-2350, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 389 EP - 392 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Callus KW - Corms KW - Etiolation KW - Leaves KW - Light effects KW - Photoperiods KW - Seedlings KW - Tumors KW - octopine KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1285092580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Factors+affectingAgrobacterium+tumefaciens-mediatedgusA+expression+and+opine+synthesis+inGladiolus&rft.au=Kamo%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kamo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF01146779 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - octopine; Photoperiods; Etiolation; Leaves; Callus; Seedlings; Tumors; Light effects; Corms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01146779 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of the food animal veterinarian in the HACCP era. AN - 78837187; 9040834 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Buntain, B AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/02/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Feb 15 SP - 492 EP - 495 VL - 210 IS - 4 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Humans KW - Records as Topic -- veterinary KW - Abattoirs -- standards KW - Food Parasitology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Risk Management KW - Quality Control KW - Meat -- standards KW - United States Department of Agriculture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Veterinary Medicine KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78837187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+food+animal+veterinarian+in+the+HACCP+era.&rft.au=Buntain%2C+B&rft.aulast=Buntain&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-02-15&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 Apr 15;210(8):1099-100 [9108902] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid fermentation to produce biomass of mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum AN - 899135969; 15667426 AB - Conditions for optimizing spore production, especially chlamydospores, by host-specific mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum causing vascular wilts in coca (Erythroxylum coca) and poppy (Papaver somniferum) were studied in 2.5-1 fermentors. The fermentor dissolved oxygen and pH had significant effects on the growth characteristics of F. oxysporum strains. The effect of the fungal strain, however was not significant for most of the variables studied except for chlamydospore formation. After 14 days of fermentation, the spore types produced were microconidia and chlamydospores, with very little production of macroconidia. While the total viable counts were significantly higher under high than under low dissolved O sub(2), the chlamydospore counts were significantly higher under low than under high dissolved O sub(2). The percentage of chlamydospores obtained, as a proportion of total viable was significantly higher when the fermentor pH was increased, than when it was not. Scaling-up the liquid fermentation to 20l, yielded log sub(10) c = 6.8 (where c=chlamydospores ml super(-1)) after 14 days' fermentation, with biomass viable counts of log sub(10) v8.0 (where v=viable counts g super(-1) air-dried biomass). A single-step liquid fermentation reported in this study increased chlamydospore yields and reduced the time required for their production with techniques currently available from 5 weeks to less than 2 weeks. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Poch, S M AU - Lewis, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, BARC-W, Room 275, Bldg. 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Tel.: +1 301 504 7007 Fax: +1 301 504 5968, US, phebbar@asrr.arsusda.gov PY - 1997 SP - 714 EP - 719 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Erythroxylum KW - Fermentation KW - Chlamydospores KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Papaver somniferum KW - Biomass KW - Spores KW - pH effects KW - Wilt KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899135969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Liquid+fermentation+to+produce+biomass+of+mycoherbicidal+strains+of+Fusarium+oxysporum&rft.au=Hebbar%2C+K+P%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BPoch%2C+S+M%3BLewis%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530051121 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Chlamydospores; Spores; Biomass; pH effects; Dissolved oxygen; Wilt; Erythroxylum; Fusarium oxysporum; Papaver somniferum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051121 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of disease states as a modifying factor for nutrition toxicity. AN - 79013694; 9155218 AB - Acquired kidney and liver diseases are relatively common diseases that can raise the potential for nutrient intoxication. For example, high-protein diets increase glomerular blood flow and the blood pressure gradient across the glomerular capillary wall in the kidney, which can result in injury to membranes. Likewise, the liver can increase nutrient intoxication because it is involved in the intermediary metabolism of many nutrients, serves as the storage organ for many nutrients, and is important in the biotransformation and excretion of nutrients. In this paper, vitamin A serves as an example to illustrate how kidney disease and liver disease can increase a single nutrient's toxicity. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Russell, R M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 50 EP - 53 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Anemia, Pernicious -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Iron -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Hemochromatosis -- metabolism KW - Folic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin A -- adverse effects KW - Kidney Diseases -- metabolism KW - Liver Diseases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79013694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+disease+states+as+a+modifying+factor+for+nutrition+toxicity.&rft.au=Russell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies darmstadiensis to adults of the Mexican fruit fly (diptera: (Diptera:Tephritidae) in the laboratory. AN - 78904260; 9071889 AB - Centrifugation pellets obtained from an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies darmstadiensis (Guat 1) cultured from a Guatemalan soil sample were found to be toxic to Anastrepha ludens (Loew) adults in the laboratory. We developed a bioassay diet that consisted of a mixture of the bacterium, a protein source, and sugar. A pH of 4.1 of the mixture was needed to obtain maximum adult mortality. One meal of the diet, which lasted from 30 s to 4 min, was enough to cause > 70% mortality of both fed or starved adults. Mortality of fed adults was 70-75% following a feeding period of 60 min and mortality of starved adults was 80-90% following a feeding period of 30 min. The isolate was toxic to adults from 1 to 21 d old. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Martinez, A J AU - Robacker, D C AU - Garcia, J A AD - Mission Biological Control Center, USDA, TX 78573, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 130 EP - 134 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Time Factors KW - Species Specificity KW - Diptera -- microbiology KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Pest Control, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78904260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+an+isolate+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+subspecies+darmstadiensis+to+adults+of+the+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28diptera%3A+%28Diptera%3ATephritidae%29+in+the+laboratory.&rft.au=Martinez%2C+A+J%3BRobacker%2C+D+C%3BGarcia%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and expression of solanidine UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase from potato. AN - 78884444; 9076990 AB - A cDNA encoding solanidine glucosyltransferase (SGT) was isolated from potato. The cDNA was selected from a yeast expression library using a positive selection based on the higher toxicity of steroidal alkaloid aglycons relative to their associated glycosylated forms. The cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a 56 kDa polypeptide with regions of similarity to previously characterized UDP-glucosyltransferases. The enzyme activity and reaction products of recombinant SGT in yeast were consistent with those observed for the endogenous enzyme from potato. SGT mRNA and protein accumulated in tubers in response to wounding. The time course for SGT mRNA accumulation paralleled that of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA isoform 1 (hmg1) mRNA. Steady-state SGT mRNA levels also increased transiently upon wounding of leaves. JF - The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology AU - Moehs, C P AU - Allen, P V AU - Friedman, M AU - Belknap, W R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 227 EP - 236 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - Plant Proteins KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - RNA, Plant KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - patatin protein, Solanum tuberosum KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases KW - EC 1.1.1.- KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-Reductases, NADP-dependent KW - EC 1.1.1.34 KW - Glucosyltransferases KW - EC 2.4.1.- KW - solanidine glucosyltransferase KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - RNA, Plant -- analysis KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Cloning, Molecular -- methods KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant -- physiology KW - Solanum tuberosum -- genetics KW - Solanum tuberosum -- enzymology KW - Glucosyltransferases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78884444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+expression+of+solanidine+UDP-glucose+glucosyltransferase+from+potato.&rft.au=Moehs%2C+C+P%3BAllen%2C+P+V%3BFriedman%2C+M%3BBelknap%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Moehs&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - P19488; GENBANK; A54739; U82367; S41951; P36538; B53652; P16662; S33169 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered acyl chain length specificity of Rhizopus delemar lipase through mutagenesis and molecular modeling. AN - 78882454; 9075201 AB - The acyl binding site of Rhizopus delemar prolipase and mature lipase was altered through site-directed mutagenesis to improve lipase specificity for short- or medium-chain length fatty acids. Computer-generated structural models of R. delemar lipase were used in mutant protein design and in the interpretation of the catalytic properties of the resulting recombinant enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulations of the double mutant, val209trp + phe112trp, predicted that the introduction of trp112 and trp209 in the acyl binding groove would sterically hinder the docking of fatty acids longer than butyric acid. Assayed against a mixture of triacylglycerol substrates, the val209trp + phe112trp mature lipase mutant showed an 80-fold increase in the hydrolysis of tributyrin relative to the hydrolysis of tricaprylin while no triolein hydrolysis was detected. By comparison, the val94Trp mutant, predicted to pose steric or geometric constraints for docking fatty acids longer than caprylic acid in the acyl binding groove, resulted in a modest 1.4-fold increase in tricaprylin hydrolysis relative to the hydrolysis of tributyrin. Molecular models of the double mutant phe95asp + phe214arg indicated the creation of a salt bridge between asp95 and arg214 across the distal end of the acyl binding groove. When challenged with a mixture of triacylglycerols, the phe95asp + phe214arg substitutions resulted in an enzyme with 3-fold enhanced relative activity for tricaprylin compared to triolein, suggesting that structural determinants for medium-chain length specificity may reside in the distal end of the acyl binding groove. Attempts to introduce a salt bridge within 8 A of the active site by the double mutation leu146lys + ser115asp destroyed catalytic activity entirely. Similarly, the substitution of polar Gln at the rim of the acyl binding groove for phe112 largely eliminated catalytic activity of the lipase. JF - Lipids AU - Klein, R R AU - King, G AU - Moreau, R A AU - Haas, M J AD - ERRC, ARS, USDA, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 123 EP - 130 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Caprylates KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - tricaprylin KW - 538-23-8 KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - tributyrin KW - S05LZ624MF KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Models, Structural KW - Triglycerides -- metabolism KW - Caprylates -- metabolism KW - Substrate Specificity -- genetics KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Rhizopus -- genetics KW - Rhizopus -- enzymology KW - Lipase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78882454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Altered+acyl+chain+length+specificity+of+Rhizopus+delemar+lipase+through+mutagenesis+and+molecular+modeling.&rft.au=Klein%2C+R+R%3BKing%2C+G%3BMoreau%2C+R+A%3BHaas%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of moniliformin present in Fusarium fujikuroi culture material and aflatoxin in broiler chicks. AN - 78867389; 9057205 AB - The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 100 mg moniliformin (M) and 3.5 mg aflatoxins (AF)/kg of diet were evaluated in male broiler chicks from day of hatch to 3 wk of age. When compared with controls, BW gains were reduced 29% by M, 13% by AF, and 33% by the M and AF combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by M independent of AF. Feeding M resulted in decreased relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and increased relative weights of the heart, increased serum concentrations of creatinine and calcium, increased activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase, and changes in hematological values. Feeding AF resulted in increased relative weights of the kidney and heart, decreased serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and calcium, and decreased mean corpuscular volume. Feeding the combination of M and AF resulted in increased relative weights of the heart, decreased serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus, increased concentrations of creatinine and activity of alanine aminotransferase, and changes in hematological values. Results indicate additive or less than additive toxicity, but not toxic synergy, for most parameters when chicks are fed diets containing the combination of 100 mg M and 3.5 mg AF/kg of diet. The likelihood of encountering these high concentrations of these mycotoxins in finished feed is small; however, additional data on the naturally occurring concentrations of M are necessary before the importance of this mycotoxin to the poultry industry can be assessed. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Buckley, S A AU - Edrington, T S AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 265 EP - 270 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Blood Proteins KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fusarium KW - Drug Interactions KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- drug effects KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Chickens KW - Heart -- anatomy & histology KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Blood Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- anatomy & histology KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed KW - Cyclobutanes -- administration & dosage KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78867389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+moniliformin+present+in+Fusarium+fujikuroi+culture+material+and+aflatoxin+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and diacetoxyscirpenol or ochratoxin A in turkey poults. AN - 78862070; 9057204 AB - The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1), and 4 mg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) or 3 mg ochratoxin A (OA) were evaluated in two experiments using female turkey poults (Nicholas Large Whites) from day of hatch to 3 wk of age. When compared with controls, body weight gains were reduced 30% (Study 1) and 24% (Study 2) by FB1, 30% by DAS, 8% by OA, 46% by the FB1 and DAS combination, and 37% by the FB1 and OA combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by all treatments except FB1 in Experiment 2. Relative weights of the liver were significantly increased by all treatments except the DAS treatment. Serum concentrations of cholesterol were decreased and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased and several hematological values were altered in poults fed FB1 alone and in combination with either DAS or OA. Results indicate additive or less than additive toxicity, but not toxic synergy, when poults are fed diets containing 300 mg FB1, and 4 mg DAS or 3 mg OA/kg of diet. The likelihood of encountering FB1, DAS, or OA at these concentrations in finished feed is small. However, under field conditions, other stress factors could alter the impact of these mycotoxins on the health and performance of poultry. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Edrington, T S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Phillips, T D AU - Sarr, A B AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 256 EP - 264 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Ochratoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Triglycerides KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - diacetoxyscirpenol KW - 2270-40-8 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Fusarium KW - Drug Interactions KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Erythrocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Turkeys KW - Liver -- growth & development KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Hematocrit KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Trichothecenes -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed KW - Carboxylic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Trichothecenes -- administration & dosage KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Ochratoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78862070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+fumonisin+B1+present+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+and+diacetoxyscirpenol+or+ochratoxin+A+in+turkey+poults.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BSarr%2C+A+B%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Salmonella organisms in swine feed. AN - 78842974; 9057923 AB - To test feed and feed ingredients on swine farms for Salmonella organisms and to analyze data from these farms to determine risk factors associated with Salmonella organisms in the feed and feed ingredients. Epidemiologic survey and retrospective case-control study. 30 swine farms. Samples of feed and feed ingredients and information regarding herd characteristics were collected from 30 swine farms. Samples were tested for Salmonella organisms, and data compiled from herd information forms were examined for associated risk factors between herd characteristics and isolation of Salmonella organisms. Salmonella organisms were isolated from 36 of 1,264 (2.8%) feed and feed ingredient samples and from 14 of 30 (46.7%) farms. Thirteen Salmonella sp serotypes and 2 untypeable isolates were cultured. Recovery of Salmonella organisms from at least 1 feed or feed ingredient on a farm was significantly associated with 6 herd characteristics (lack of bird-proofing, using farm-prepared feed for finishing-age pigs rather than purchased feed, and housing pigs in facilities other than total confinement in the growing, finishing, gestating, and breeding stages of production, respectively). Isolation of Salmonella sp was not associated with a history of salmonellosis on a farm. Salmonella organisms were readily isolated from samples of feed and feed ingredients, illustrating that salmonellae are ubiquitous in a farm environment. Implementing sanitary and pest-control measures continues to be a prudent recommendation. Salmonella serotypes found in feed and feed ingredients have the potential to cause disease in pigs that consume the feed or, ultimately, in people that consume pork. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Harris, I T AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Gray, J T AU - Thomas, L A AU - Ferris, K AD - Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 1997/02/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Feb 01 SP - 382 EP - 385 VL - 210 IS - 3 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Serotyping -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Swine Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78842974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Salmonella+organisms+in+swine+feed.&rft.au=Harris%2C+I+T%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BGray%2C+J+T%3BThomas%2C+L+A%3BFerris%2C+K&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction of a [4Fe-4S (S-cys)4]+1,+2 iron-sulfur center into a four-alpha helix protein using design parameters from the domain of the Fx cluster in the Photosystem I reaction center. AN - 78835276; 9041635 AB - We describe the insertion of an iron-sulfur center into a designed four alpha-helix model protein. The model protein was re-engineered by introducing four cysteine ligands required for the coordination of the mulinucleate cluster into positions in the main-chain directly analogous to the domain predicted to ligand the interpeptide [4Fe-4S (S-cys)4] cluster, Fx, from PsaA and PsaB of the Photosystem I reaction center. This was achieved by inserting the sequence, CDGPGRGGTC, which is conserved in PsaA and PsaB, into interhelical loops 1 and 3 of the four alpha-helix model. The holoprotein was characterized spectroscopically after insertion of the iron-sulfur center in vitro. EPR spectra confirmed the cluster is a [4Fe-4S] type, indicating that the cysteine thiolate ligands were positioned as designed. The midpoint potential of the iron-sulfur center in the model holoprotein was determined via redox titration and shown to be -422 mV (pH 8.3, n = 1). The results support proposals advanced for the structure of the domain of the [4Fe-4S] Fx cluster in Photosystem I based upon sequence predictions and molecular modeling. We suggest that the lower potential of the Fx cluster is most likely due to factors in the protein environment of Fx rather than the identity of the residues proximal to the coordinating ligands. JF - Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society AU - Scott, M P AU - Biggins, J AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 340 EP - 346 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0961-8368, 0961-8368 KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - 0 KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- chemistry KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- genetics KW - Cysteine -- chemistry KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- chemistry KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78835276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protein+science+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Protein+Society&rft.atitle=Introduction+of+a+%5B4Fe-4S+%28S-cys%294%5D%2B1%2C%2B2+iron-sulfur+center+into+a+four-alpha+helix+protein+using+design+parameters+from+the+domain+of+the+Fx+cluster+in+the+Photosystem+I+reaction+center.&rft.au=Scott%2C+M+P%3BBiggins%2C+J&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Protein+science+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Protein+Society&rft.issn=09618368&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: FASEB J. 1990 May;4(8):2483-91 [2185975] Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):976-8 [3043666] Biochemistry. 1990 Dec 11;29(49):10878-83 [2271687] Biochemistry. 1991 Aug 6;30(31):7863-72 [1651109] Science. 1992 Sep 18;257(5077):1653-9 [1529353] J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 25;267(36):25625-7 [1464583] Nature. 1994 Mar 31;368(6470):425-32 [8133888] Methods Enzymol. 1994;243:165-88 [7830609] Biochemistry. 1995 May 16;34(19):6328-34 [7756260] Protein Sci. 1994 Dec;3(12):2419-27 [7756995] Biochemistry. 1996 Sep 10;35(36):11832-8 [8794765] FEBS Lett. 1974 Dec 1;49(1):111-4 [4374381] Biochem J. 1976 Jul 15;158(1):71-7 [183755] J Mol Biol. 1988 Jan 5;199(1):183-93 [3351918] FEBS Lett. 1990 Dec 10;276(1-2):175-80 [2125006] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid cloning of insect transposon insertion junctions using 'universal' PCR. AN - 78808862; 9013259 AB - Very highly degenerate primers with short specific 3' anchor sequences and 5' adaptors were used in conjunction with nested specific primers to amplify large numbers of unknown insertion junctions of the insect retrotransposon Woot, using genomic DNA as template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique, sometimes referred to as universal PCR, is a powerful method for molecular characterization of transposon insertions into genomes, and more generally for short-distance chromosome walking through unknown DNA. Twenty-four unique insertion junctions were cloned and sequenced from two strains of Tribolium castaneum and one strain of T. freemani. Inspection of these sequences revealed that integration of the Woot retrotransposon is cued by the insertion target motif, GTAC, in both species. JF - Insect molecular biology AU - Beeman, R W AU - Stauth, D M AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 83 EP - 88 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0962-1075, 0962-1075 KW - Retroelements KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genes, Insect KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Cloning, Molecular -- methods KW - Tribolium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78808862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Rapid+cloning+of+insect+transposon+insertion+junctions+using+%27universal%27+PCR.&rft.au=Beeman%2C+R+W%3BStauth%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Beeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09621075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U47897; GENBANK; U47903; U47898; U47904; U47895; U47905; U47906; U47896; U47893; U47894; U47900; U47901; U47902; U47913; U47912; U47911; U47910; U47907; U47916; U47908; U47915; U47909; U47914; U47899 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic and genetic analysis of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus few polyhedra mutants: mutations in the 25K FP gene may be caused by DNA replication errors. AN - 78788359; 8995630 AB - We previously demonstrated that polyhedron formation (PF) mutants arise at a high frequency during serial passage of the Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) in the L. dispar 652Y cell line (J. M. Slavicek, N. Hayes-Plazolles, and M. E. Kelly, Biol. Control 5:251-261, 1995). Most of these PF mutants exhibited the traits of few polyhedra (FP) mutants; however, no large DNA insertions or deletions that correlated with the appearance of the FP phenotype were found. In this study, we have characterized several of the PF mutants at the phenotypic and genetic levels. Genetic techniques were used to group the mutations in the LdMNPV PF mutants to the same or closely linked genes. Wild-type viruses were recovered after coinfection of L. dispar 652Y cells with certain combinations of PF mutants. These viruses were analyzed by restriction endonuclease analysis and found to be chimeras of the original PF mutants used in the coinfections. Marker rescue experiments localized the mutations in one group of PF isolates to the region containing the LdMNPV 25K FP gene. The mutations in these PF mutants were identified. Four of five of the LdMNPV FP mutants contain small insertions or deletions within the 25K FP gene. The fifth LdMNPV FP mutant analyzed contained a large deletion that truncated the C terminus of the 25K FP gene product. All of the deletions occurred within the same potential hairpin loop structure, which had the lowest free energy value (most stable hairpin) of the five potential hairpin loop structures present in the 25K FP gene. One of the insertion mutants contained an extra base within a repetitive sequence. These types of mutations are likely caused by errors that occur during DNA replication. The relationship between the types of mutations found within the LdMNPV 25K FP gene and DNA replication-based mutagenesis is discussed. JF - Journal of virology AU - Bischoff, D S AU - Slavicek, J M AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, USDA Forest Service, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 1097 EP - 1106 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - DNA Replication -- genetics KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- genetics KW - Insects -- virology KW - Genes, Viral KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78788359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+and+genetic+analysis+of+Lymantria+dispar+nucleopolyhedrovirus+few+polyhedra+mutants%3A+mutations+in+the+25K+FP+gene+may+be+caused+by+DNA+replication+errors.&rft.au=Bischoff%2C+D+S%3BSlavicek%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Bischoff&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U79642; GENBANK; U79641; U79644; U79643; U79640 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Gen Virol. 1995 Jun;76 ( Pt 6):1451-9 [7782773] Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1616-9 [7777859] Genetics. 1995 Nov;141(3):825-32 [8582629] Virology. 1996 Feb 1;216(1):235-7 [8614994] Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):802-5 [8628995] J Virol. 1976 Jun;18(3):1040-50 [775129] Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1966;31:77-84 [5237214] J Gen Virol. 1996 Aug;77 ( Pt 8):1913-23 [8760443] Nature. 1982 Oct 7;299(5883):562-4 [6289125] J Virol. 1985 May;54(2):392-400 [3886931] Virology. 1985 Sep;145(2):356-61 [2992159] J Virol. 1986 May;58(2):684-8 [3528527] Virus Res. 1987 Jun;7(4):335-49 [2887077] Virology. 1988 Jan;162(1):206-20 [2829419] Gene. 1988 Nov 15;71(1):97-105 [3063616] Virology. 1989 Feb;168(2):344-53 [2644735] Virology. 1989 Sep;172(1):156-69 [2549707] Annu Rev Entomol. 1990;35:127-55 [2154158] Virology. 1990 Feb;174(2):354-63 [2154879] Biotechniques. 1989 Apr;7(4):331-2, 334 [2698197] Genetics. 1991 Apr;127(4):649-55 [2029966] Genetics. 1991 Dec;129(4):991-1005 [1783300] J Gen Virol. 1992 Dec;73 ( Pt 12):3177-83 [1469355] Genetics. 1993 Jun;134(2):409-22 [8325478] J Virol. 1994 Mar;68(3):1728-36 [8107234] J Gen Virol. 1994 Apr;75 ( Pt 4):829-38 [8151299] Science. 1994 Dec 23;266(5193):1957-8 [7801121] J Bacteriol. 1995 Aug;177(15):4385-91 [7635823] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum and water stress effects on growth and proline of Sorghum AN - 16465160; 4421322 AB - Plants grown on acid soil with high exchangeable Al often show decreased growth and water deficit (WD) symptoms. Detailed comparisons of separate and combined effects between Al toxicity and WD would help identify plants for tolerance or resistance to these factors to enhance plant improvement procedures. Separate and simultaneous effects of Al toxicity and WD [induced by polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG)] on growth and proline accumulation of two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes were determined. (drought- and Al-sensitive) and SC283 (drought- and Al-resistant) sorghum were grown in a growth chamber in nutrient solutions with 0, 200, 400, and 600 mu mol/L Al and 0, 4.4, 7.0, and 9.6% PEG separately and in combination. Increased Al and WD separately decreased shoot and root dry matter, leaf area, net main axis root length, total and specific root length, (RL/root DM). The WD treatments had greater effects on growth traits than Al. Combinations of Al and PEG (Al+PEG) decreased shoot and root DM, LA, NMARL, and TRL. The LA/RL increased as Al increased, and LA /root DM and LA/RL were not affected by Al+PEG. Proline did not increase in shoots and roots of plants grown with Al, but did increase extensively when grown with WD; shoots had higher proline than roots. Combinations of Al+PEG resulted in higher proline in both shoots and roots than Al stress alone. Overall, SC283 was generally less affected by Al and WD than Redlan. JF - Journal of Plant Physiology AU - Zaifnejad, M AU - Clark, R B AU - Sullivan, CY AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservation Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 867, Airport Road, Beckley, WV 25802-0867 USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 338 EP - 344 VL - 150 IS - 3 SN - 0176-1617, 0176-1617 KW - proline KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16465160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Aluminum+and+water+stress+effects+on+growth+and+proline+of+Sorghum&rft.au=Zaifnejad%2C+M%3BClark%2C+R+B%3BSullivan%2C+CY&rft.aulast=Zaifnejad&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=01761617&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf physiology, production, water use, and nitrogen dynamics of the grassland invader Acacia smallii at elevated CO sub(2) concentrations AN - 16243382; 4239621 AB - Invasion by woody legumes can alter hydrology, nutrient accumulation and cycling, and carbon sequestration on grasslands. The rate and magnitude of these changes are likely to be sensitive to the effects of atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment on growth and water and nitrogen dynamics of leguminous shrubs. To assess potential effects of increased atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations on plant growth and acquisition and utilization of water and nitrogen, seedlings of Acacia smallii Isely (huisache) were grown for 13 months at CO sub(2) concentrations of 385 (ambient), 690, and 980 mu mol mol super(-1). Seedlings grown at elevated CO sub(2) concentrations exhibited parallel declines in leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity; however, at the highest CO sub(2) concentration, biomass production increased more than 2.5-fold as a result of increased leaf photosynthetic rates, leaf area, and N sub(2) fixation. Measurements of leaf gas exchange and aboveground biomass production and soil water balance indicated that water use efficiency increased in proportion to the increase in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration. The effects on transpiration of an accompanying decline in leaf conductance were offset by an increase in leaf area, and total water loss was similar across CO sub(2) treatments. Plants grown at elevated CO sub(2) fixed three to four times as much N as plants grown at ambient CO sub(2) concentration. The increase in N sub(2) fixation resulted from an increase in fixation per unit of nodule mass in the 690 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) treatment and from a large increase in the number and mass of nodules in plants in the 980 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) treatment. Increased symbiotic N sub(2) fixation by woody invaders in response to CO sub(2) enrichment may result in increased N deposition in litterfall, and thus increased productivity on many grasslands. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Polley, H W AU - Johnson, H B AU - Mayeux, H S AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 89 EP - 96 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - carbon dioxide KW - grasslands KW - growth KW - nitrogen fixation KW - water relations KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Leaf+physiology%2C+production%2C+water+use%2C+and+nitrogen+dynamics+of+the+grassland+invader+Acacia+smallii+at+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+concentrations&rft.au=Polley%2C+H+W%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BMayeux%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutralization of G-CSF inhibits ILK-induced heterophil influx: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mediates the Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine potentiation of the acute avian inflammatory response AN - 16227116; 4222098 AB - Hematopoietic colony stimulating factors (CSF) regulate the growth and development of phagocytic cell progenitors and also augment functional activation of phagocytes. Granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) is the CSF that acts specifically upon granulocyte progenitor cells and mature granulocytes. We have shown that lymphokines (ILK) from T cells of birds immunized against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) induce a granulocytic (PMN) inflammatory response in chicks challenged with SE. This inflammatory response was characterized by: (a) a dramatic emigration of granulocytic cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, (b) an enhancement of the biological functions of the circulating PMNs, and (c) a directed influx of these activated PMNs to the site of bacterial invasion. In the current study, we determined the presence of G-CSF in ILK by Western blot analysis using a goat polyclonal anti-human G-CSF antibody (Ab). Using this Ab, we then evaluated the role of G-CSF in the ILK-induced protective inflammatory response in chickens against SE. Pretreatment of ILK with the Ab totally abolished the colony-stimulating activity of the ILK. Furthermore, Ab treatment of ILK resulted in: (a) an elimination of the ILK-induced peripheral blood heterophilia with a dramatic inhibition of ILK-mediated protection against SE organ invasion and (b) an elimination of accumulation of inflammatory PMNs in the peritoneum with subsequent decrease in the survival rate of chicks challenged i.p. with SE. Taken together these studies demonstrate for the first time the contribution of G-CSF to avian PMN activation and the immunoprophylaxis of SE infection by ILK in neonatal chickens. JF - Inflammation AU - Kogut, M H AU - Moyes, R AU - Deloach, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 9 EP - 26 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0360-3997, 0360-3997 KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - granulocyte colony-stimulating factor KW - inflammation KW - leukocytes (heterophilic) KW - lymphokines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06733:General KW - F 06774:Other cytokines (TNF, GM-CSF) KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inflammation&rft.atitle=Neutralization+of+G-CSF+inhibits+ILK-induced+heterophil+influx%3A+Granulocyte-colony+stimulating+factor+mediates+the+Salmonella+enteritidis-immune+lymphokine+potentiation+of+the+acute+avian+inflammatory+response&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H%3BMoyes%2C+R%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inflammation&rft.issn=03603997&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in growth stimulation by elevated carbon dioxide in seedlings of some C sub(3) crop and weed species AN - 16106986; 4209851 AB - Seven C sub(3) crop and three C sub(3) weed species were grown from seed at 360 and at 700 cm super(3) m super(-3) carbon dioxide concentrations in a controlled environment chamber to compare dry mass, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and photosynthetic acclimation at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. The dry mass at the final harvest at elevated carbon dioxide relative to that at ambient carbon dioxide was highly correlated with the RGR at the lower carbon dioxide concentration. This relationship could be quite common, because it does not require that species differ in the response of RGR or photosynthesis to elevated carbon dioxide, and holds even when species differ moderately in these responses. RGR was also measured for a limited period at the end of the experiment to determine relationships with leaf gas exchange measured at this time. Relative increases in RGR at elevated carbon dioxide at this time were more highly correlated with the relative increase in NAR at elevated carbon dioxide than with the response of LAR. The amount of acclimation of photosynthesis was a good predictor of the relative increase in NAR at elevated carbon dioxide, and the long-term increase in photosynthesis in the growth environment. No differences between crops and weeds or between cool and warm climate species were found in the responses of growth or photosynthetic acclimation to elevated carbon dioxide. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Bunce, JA AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA-ARS Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 61 EP - 66 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - C3 plants KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - acclimation KW - biomass KW - plants KW - growth rate KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+growth+stimulation+by+elevated+carbon+dioxide+in+seedlings+of+some+C+sub%283%29+crop+and+weed+species&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants; biomass; growth rate; photosynthesis; acclimation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Captures of wild Mediterranean and Oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Jackson and McPhail traps baited with coffee juice AN - 16039520; 4095075 AB - We examined captures of wild Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), in Jackson and McPhail traps baited with juice from ripe coffee fruits. Both and females of each species were captured. Jackson traps baited with coffee juice caught significantly more C. capitata females than did traps baited with water or trimedlure. Fewer B. dorsalis males and females were captured in traps baited with coffee juice compared with other traps. McPhail traps baited with coffee juice caught more C. capitata female and male flies than those baited with water, and they were equal to those baited with Nu-Lure or a water + sugar mixture. McPhail traps baited with coffee juice caught more B. dorsalis female and male flies than those baited with water or Nu-Lure, and they were equal to those baited with a water + sugar mixture. Findings are discussed with respect to the physiological condition of responding C. capitata females and development of a female attractant. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vargas, R I AU - Prokopy, R J AU - Duan, J J AU - Albrecht, C AU - Li, Qing X AD - Trop. Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 165 EP - 169 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Diptera KW - Tephritidae KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - bait KW - traps KW - Coffea arabica KW - attractants KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Captures+of+wild+Mediterranean+and+Oriental+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+Jackson+and+McPhail+traps+baited+with+coffee+juice&rft.au=Titley%2C+Heather+K.%3BHeskin-Sweezie%2C+Raquel%3BChung%2C+Ji-Yeon+J.%3BKassardjian%2C+Charles+D.%3BRazik%2C+Fathima%3BBroussard%2C+Dianne+M.&rft.aulast=Titley&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Neurophysiology&rft.issn=00223077&rft_id=info:doi/10.1152%2Fjn.01056.2007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Ceratitis capitata; Coffea arabica; Bactrocera dorsalis; traps; bait; attractants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved harvesting systems for wet sites AN - 16034949; 4089829 AB - Environmentally acceptable and economical forest operations are needed for sustainable management of forest resources. Improved methods for harvesting and transporting timber are especially needed for wet sites. As the demand for hardwood lumber continues to increase, improved and alternative methods are needed to ensure acceptance of timber harvesting for the wet site conditions that are typical of bottomland hardwoods. Some alternative technological developments include grapple saw feller-bunchers, wide tires, larger forwarders, clambunk skidders, two-stage hauling, mats, cable systems, helicopters and towed vehicles and air-cushioned vehicles. These developments have the potential to improve the performance of the harvesting system and to reduce the negative effects of conventional operations on conventional sites and on difficult sites such as wet areas. Although many of these new alternatives are now operational, others are just concepts or evolving prototypes. More research is still needed to optimize these alternative technologies and to reduce costs associated with their implementation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Stokes, B J AU - Schilling, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Auburn, AL, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 155 EP - 160 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 90 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - flood plains KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Improved+harvesting+systems+for+wet+sites&rft.au=Stokes%2C+B+J%3BSchilling%2C+A&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flood plains; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silvicultural systems for southern bottomland hardwood forests AN - 16034084; 4089827 AB - Silvicultural systems integrate both regeneration and intermediate operations in an orderly process for managing forest stands. The clearcutting method of regeneration favors the development of species that are moderately intolerant to intolerant of shade. In fact, clearcutting is the most proven and widely used method of successfully regenerating bottomland oak species in the South. The seed-tree method of regeneration favors the establishment of light-seeded species. Mechanical soil scarification may be necessary if the desired species requires bare mineral soil for establishment. The shelterwood method of regeneration can provide for the development of heavy-seeded species, but has produced highly variable results with southern bottomland oaks. The single-tree selection method of regeneration favors the development of shade-tolerant species. When single-tree selection is applied repeatedly to stands containing commercially valuable shade-intolerant species, composition will gradually shift to less-valuable, more-tolerant species. Consequently, the single-tree selection method of regeneration is not recommended for any commercially valuable bottomland hardwood tree species. Group selection, in its strictest application, creates only small openings that usually fail to allow sufficient light to the forest floor for satisfactory establishment and development of shade-intolerant bottomland species. Patch cutting, a combination of uneven-aged (group selection) and even-aged (clearcutting) silviculture, designed to create larger openings, has been successfully used to produce an uneven-aged stand that consists of many small, irregularly shaped, even-aged groups. Silvicultural systems should include a planned program of intermediate operations designed to enhance the growth and development of those species favored during the regeneration process. Improvement cutting and commercial thinning are increasingly common in southern bottomland hardwood forests. Other partial cuttings employed today in bottomland hardwood forests typically involve some form of crop-tree release. Specific recommendations for the selection of silvicultural systems are presented for the eight most important species groups found in southern bottomland hardwood forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Meadows, J S AU - Stanturf, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 127 EP - 140 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 90 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - USA KW - Quercus KW - flood plains KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Silvicultural+systems+for+southern+bottomland+hardwood+forests&rft.au=Meadows%2C+J+S%3BStanturf%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Meadows&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA; forest management; flood plains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mating disruption of Mexican rice borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in lower Rio Grande Valley sugarcane AN - 16029650; 4095084 AB - Mating disruption of Mexican rice borers, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), by synthetic pheromone applications in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was investigated in large-scale field studies. Mating disruption was assessed using pheromone trapping, mating tables, stalk dissections, and nocturnal collections of adults. Pheromone traps were inappropriate for monitoring mating disruption. Mating tables supplied useful information but overestimated effects of pheromone applications on mating activities of feral rice borer populations. Adult collections and dissections supplied the least ambiguous assessment of mating activities, but were interested most easily in the presence of other substantiating data. Pheromone applications formulated in rubber ships or microporous beads and applied in a polybutene-based adhesive did not result in appreciable levels of mating disruption, and did not control rice borer populations or reduce associated stalk injury levels. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lingren, P D AU - Gillespie, J M AD - Crop Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 223 EP - 234 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Grass moths KW - Snout moths KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Eoreuma loftini KW - Saccharum KW - biological control KW - mating disruption KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16029650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mating+disruption+of+Mexican+rice+borers+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+in+lower+Rio+Grande+Valley+sugarcane&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BGillespie%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharum; Eoreuma loftini; Pyralidae; USA, Texas; mating disruption; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oviposition by the banded sunflower moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) in response to constituents of the bracts and leaves of Helianthus annuus AN - 16029167; 4095103 AB - Sunflower bracts that develop around the outer edge of the disk of a sunflower head have been reported to be the primary oviposition site for the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, Experiments were conducted with the natural bract substrate, sunflower leaves, an artificial substrate, and sunflower extracts to look for the presence of chemical components or physical properties of bract and leaf parts that stimulated oviposition by the banded sunflower moth. In choice experiments with intact sunflower bracts or leaves, C. hospes oviposited on either sunflower part with about equal frequency. The moths oviposited on an artificial substrate of floral foam but they preferred the natural substrate over the artificial substrate in a ratio of 8.8:1. The moisture content of the artificial substrate significantly influenced oviposition. Extracts of sunflower bracts or leaves prepared with water or hexane significantly stimulated oviposition over that on the control. Bract extracts prepared with ether did not show significant activity. Results of this study indicated that the leaves and bracts of sunflower contain a combination of contact chemicals, volatiles, and moisture that enhanced, in varying degrees, oviposition by the banded sunflower moth. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Barker, J F AD - Biosci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P. O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 160 EP - 164 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Helianthus anuus KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical stimuli KW - stimulants KW - plant extracts KW - Cochylis hospes KW - oviposition KW - Cochylidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16029167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Oviposition+by+the+banded+sunflower+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Cochylidae%29+in+response+to+constituents+of+the+bracts+and+leaves+of+Helianthus+annuus&rft.au=Barker%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochylis hospes; Cochylidae; oviposition; stimulants; chemical stimuli; plant extracts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedimentation associated with forest road surfacing in a bottomland hardwood ecosystem AN - 16020032; 4089833 AB - Access systems are a necessary element of resource production in bottomland hardwood sites. However, road building may have a detrimental effect on hydrologic function of the site. This report describes initial results of a study designed to examine the effect of different road surfacing treatments on water quality. Four surfacing treatments installed on two test roads included native soil, native soil with vegetative stabilization, 6 cm of gravel, and 15 cm of gravel over geotextile. During the first flooding season periodic sampling measured floodwater suspended sediments and location of erosion and sediment deposition within the road prism. Initial results suggest that sediment movement was confined to the road right-of-way, with no statistically significant sedimentation effects detected beyond the clearing limits of the road. The study is continuing for another field season. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rummer, B AU - Stokes, B AU - Lockaby, G AD - USDA Forest Service, Devall Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 195 EP - 200 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 90 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - paving KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - water quality KW - erosion KW - sedimentation KW - logging KW - wetlands KW - roads KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Sedimentation+associated+with+forest+road+surfacing+in+a+bottomland+hardwood+ecosystem&rft.au=Rummer%2C+B%3BStokes%2C+B%3BLockaby%2C+G&rft.aulast=Rummer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wetlands; logging; water quality; sedimentation; forests; roads; paving; hydrology; erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Pratylenchus neglectus in New York AN - 16013784; 4080476 AB - Soil samples were collected from a field in Wyoming County near Portageville, NY, on 29 October 1992 and 23 November 1993. The field was planted with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from September 1991 to August 1992, and with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Superior from May 1993 to September 1993. Thirty and 45 samples were collected along three transects in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Two species of Pratylenchus were identified, P. neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev & Sch. Stek. (identification confirmed by A. M. Golden) and P. penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Sch. Stek. Their combined population densities were 134 plus or minus 18 (mean plus or minus SE per 100 cm super(3) soil) in 1992 and 195 plus or minus 12 in 1993. P neglectus was found in all samples, whereas P. penetrans was found in 33 and 78% of the samples in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Where both species occurred together, the density of P. neglectus was 7 to 8 times that of P. penetrans. In both years, spores of a nematode-pathogenic bacterium (probably a Pasteuria sp.) were found attached to the cuticle of P. penetrans (68% with spores in 1993) but were rarely attached to P. neglectus (less than 1% with spores). Although both Pratylenchus spp. are wide-spread in North America, this is the first report of P. neglectus in New York. Its dominance in the field was unexpected because P. penetrans and P. crenatus Loof arc typically the dominant Pratylenchus ssp. in potato production regions of northeastern North America (1). The presence of the bacterium, which appeared to be host-specific for P. penetrans, may help explain the dominance of P. neglectus. JF - Plant Disease AU - Timper, P AU - Brodie, B B AD - USDA, ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853-0331, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 228 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Prateylenchus neglectus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - USA, New York KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+Pratylenchus+neglectus+in+New+York&rft.au=Timper%2C+P%3BBrodie%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Timper&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Triticum aestivum; USA, New York ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new report of rhizomania and other furoviruses infecting sugar beet in Minnesota AN - 16011235; 4080481 JF - Plant Disease AU - Wisler, G C AU - Widner, J N AU - Duffus, JE AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Sears, J L AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St. Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 229 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - rhizomania KW - Beta vulgaris KW - beet necrotic yellow vein virus KW - USA, Minnesota KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16011235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+new+report+of+rhizomania+and+other+furoviruses+infecting+sugar+beet+in+Minnesota&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BWidner%2C+J+N%3BDuffus%2C+JE%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BSears%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beet necrotic yellow vein virus; Beta vulgaris; USA, Minnesota; rhizomania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A supercolony of the thatch ant Formica obscuripes Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Blue Mountains of Oregon AN - 16001237; 4081466 AB - Foliage-foraging ants have often been demonstrated to be important predators of tree defoliating insects such as western spruce budworm. Because of the importance of ants as pest suppression agents, we were interested in describing a rare supercolony of western thatching ants (Formica obscuripes Forel) from the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. The supercolony occupies a site within a second-growth mixed-conifer stand near Lehman Hot Springs, approximately 20 km east of Ukiah, Umatilla County, Oregon. In October 1993, the 4-hectare colony had 210 active nests, with the largest nest having an aboveground volume of 6 m super(3). Location of primary nests was not related to canopy cover, although nests tended to be associated with stumps and down woody debris. Nest excavations in May and June 1995 allowed estimation of the total nestbound population for the supercolony at 56 million individuals; addition of the foraging population would increase this estimate substantially. We estimate that to maintain the current worker population the supercolony would require at least 470 kg dry weight of food from its foraging territory annually, or about 11 times the total dry weight of western spruce budworm that might typically occupy the site at any given time during an outbreak. Thatching ants may have had a significant effect on populations of defoliating insects at Lehman Hot Springs during the last western spruce budworm outbreak (1980-1992), since the forest stand occupied by the supercolony was visibly less defoliated than the surrounding mixed-conifer stands. JF - Northwest Science AU - McIver, J D AU - Torgersen, T R AU - Cimon, N J AD - Blue Mountains Nat. Resour. Inst., USDA Forest Serv., 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 18 EP - 29 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - environmental effects KW - Hymenoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - colonies KW - food consumption KW - Formica obscuripes KW - USA, Oregon KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16001237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=A+supercolony+of+the+thatch+ant+Formica+obscuripes+Forel+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+from+the+Blue+Mountains+of+Oregon&rft.au=McIver%2C+J+D%3BTorgersen%2C+T+R%3BCimon%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=McIver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formica obscuripes; Formicidae; USA, Oregon; colonies; population density; food consumption ER - TY - CONF T1 - Isocupressic acid and related diterpene acids from Pinus ponderosa as abortifacient compounds in cattle AN - 15999896; 4080205 AB - Consumption of Pinus ponderosa needles by cattle in late stages of pregnancy is known to cause abortions. We recently demonstrated that isocupressic acid, a diterpene acid from the pine needles, was an active abortifacient compound when given orally to pregnant cattle. Acetyl and succinyl derivatives of isocupressic acid are also active abortifacients in cattle, apparently after ruminal activation by ester hydrolysis to isocupressic acid, following oral administration. Acetyl- and succinyl-isocupressic acid have been shown to be rapidly metabolized to isocupressic acid in vitro in active rumen fluid with 50% conversion after two to four hours, respectively. Intravenous infusion of isocupressic acid induced abortion in three of four cows while i.v. infusion of acetyl- and succinyl-isocupressic acid failed to induce abortion. Isocupressic acid is rapidly metabolized by the post-absorptive system to structurally similar diterpene acid compounds, including the predominant serum metabolite agathic acid. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Gardner AU - Panter, KE AU - Molyneux, R J AU - James, L F AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Pfister, JA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 6 IS - 1 KW - cattle KW - agathic acid KW - isocupressic acid KW - diterpene acids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - abortion KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15999896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Isocupressic+acid+and+related+diterpene+acids+from+Pinus+ponderosa+as+abortifacient+compounds+in+cattle&rft.au=Gardner%3BPanter%2C+KE%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airborne microwave radiometry on a semi-arid area during HAPEX-Sahel AN - 15996676; 4080373 AB - Airborne microwave radiometric measurements in the framework of the HAPEX-Sahel Experiment were performed by the Push Broom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) and the PORTOS radiometer. The flights of both radiometers produced an original set of data covering the 1.4-90 GHz range of frequency. The East and West Central Super Sites were the areas most intensively observed by the microwave radiometers. Over those sites, several brightness temperature (T sub(B)) maps are available at seven dates distributed over a 1 month period in the middle of the rainy season. A comparison of the two radiometers demonstrates their radiometric quality and the precision of the localization of the microwave observations. At 1.4 GHz, the vegetation had very little effect on the soil microwave emission. Maps of soil moisture were developed using a single linear relationship between T sub(B) and the surface soil moisture. There is an important spatial heterogeneity in the soil moisture distribution, which is explained by both the soil moisture hydrodynamic properties and the localization of the precipitation fields. At 5.05 GHz, the vegetation must be accounted for to infer soil moisture from the microwave observations. A method based on a simple radiative transfer model and on microwave data has shown encouraging results. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Chanzy, A AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Calvet, J-C AU - Kerr, Y AU - Van Oevelen, P AU - Grosjean, O AU - Wang, J R AD - USDA, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20740, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 285 EP - 309 VL - 188-189 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - HAPEX-Sahel KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - spatial distribution KW - semiarid lands KW - mapping KW - Africa, Sahelian Zone KW - heterogeneity KW - vegetation KW - radiometry KW - microwaves KW - temperature KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Airborne+microwave+radiometry+on+a+semi-arid+area+during+HAPEX-Sahel&rft.au=Chanzy%2C+A%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BCalvet%2C+J-C%3BKerr%2C+Y%3BVan+Oevelen%2C+P%3BGrosjean%2C+O%3BWang%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Chanzy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=188-189&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: HAPEX-SAHEL. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa, Sahelian Zone; microwaves; radiometry; semiarid lands; temperature; vegetation; mapping; soil water; heterogeneity; spatial distribution ER - TY - CONF T1 - Gliotoxin, a mycotoxin associated with cases of avian aspergillosis AN - 15996006; 4080204 AB - Gliotoxin is a toxic metabolite produced by species of several genera of fungi, most notably by Aspergillus fumigatus, the major causative agent of avian aspergillosis. This mycotoxin has demonstrated activities against bacteria and fungi, is quite cytotoxic, and is a potent immunosuppressive compound. It has been shown to be produced by A. fumigatus in the pathogenic state of a mycosis involving the bovine udder and after inoculation of this organism into the peritoneal cavity of mice. More recently, gliotoxin was the major suspect mycotoxin involved in an intoxication of camels consuming moldy hay. We have shown that this compound was produced by most of the isolates of A. fumigatus involved in an outbreak of aspergillosis among turkeys, was very cytotoxic to turkey peripheral lymphocytes and was produced in turkeys with aspergillosis by experimentally inoculating them with a gliotoxin-producing isolate of this organism. We have also found gliotoxin in turkey lung and air-sac tissue naturally infected with A. fumigatus and taken from the turkeys at the time of slaughter. The nature of the involvement of this compound in aspergillosis is not known but because of its properties it has the potential to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Richard, J L Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 6 IS - 1 KW - turkeys KW - gliotoxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - lymphocytes KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - aspergillosis KW - immunosuppressive agents KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Gliotoxin%2C+a+mycotoxin+associated+with+cases+of+avian+aspergillosis&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Old-growth mangrove forests in the United States AN - 15990998; 4074549 AB - Criteria used to identify old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest have not been proven applicable in other ecological life zones. For example, Pacific Northwest criteria are not suitable for the identification of old-growth mangrove forests. To identify old-growth mangroves one has to take into account differences in stand structure and function due to geomorphology, within-site environmental gradients, and regional disturbance regimes. A flexible and holistic approach is needed. Stand age, defined in terms of Pacific Northwest forests, is not necessarily the best criterion for identifying for conservation mangrove forests or any forest outside the Pacific Northwest. No single stand will have all old-growth characteristics, and even if they are present in a stand, these characteristics do not necessarily assure that the stand is old growth. Whether a mangrove stand reaches old-growth stage depends on the dynamics of coastal conditions under which it grows. Moreover, it is necessary to differentiate between the age of trees in a stand and the age of the mangrove system, which includes the substrate. Old-growth mangrove stands are improbable states for this ecosystem type, and they can revert to younger stages. Mangroves offer a challenge to the concept of the old-growth forest, and through our analysis of this system we show that when ecosystem functions and states are evaluated it is necessary to avoid geographic biases based on particular ecological conditions. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Lugo, A E AD - Intl. Inst. Tropical Forest., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., P.O. Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928-5000 Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 VL - 11 IS - 1,11 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - forest industry KW - old growth KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles, US Virgin Is. KW - mangrove swamps KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii KW - Brackish KW - environmental protection KW - ASW, USA KW - nature conservation KW - USA KW - mangroves KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico KW - conservation KW - ecosystem management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15990998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Old-growth+mangrove+forests+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1%2C11&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; nature conservation; mangroves; ecosystem management; forest industry; mangrove swamps; conservation; environmental protection; old growth; ASW, USA; USA; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles, US Virgin Is.; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico; ISE, USA, Hawaii; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using mark-recapture methods to estimate fish abundance in small mountain lakes AN - 15985200; 4083911 AB - The majority of lacustrine fish populations in the western USA are located far from the nearest road. Although mark-recapture techniques are widely accepted for estimating population abundance, these techniques have been broadly ignored for fisheries surveys in remote mountain lakes because of restricted access and associated logistical constraints. In this study, mark-recapture experiments were used to estimate fish population abundance in nine small (<7 ha) lakes of the North Cascades National Park Service Complex. Seven of the study lakes supported reproducing populations of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) or rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout in the other two lakes did not reproduce naturally, and the lakes were stocked with cutthroat trout fry. Fish in the mark sample were collected by angling, fin-clipped, and immediately released; fish were recaptured with variable mesh monofilament gill nets. A single-census Petersen estimator was used to calculate abundance in each lake, and assumptions for unbiased estimates appeared to be satisfied in most cases. Post-release mortality of angler-captured fish was low. The small size of these lakes in conjunction with the brief period of time allotted for each individual experiment apparently reduced the probability of unequal vulnerability and mortality for marked and unmarked fish. Single-census mark-recapture experiments appeared to provide reasonable estimates of population abundance in these mountain lakes. Resulting estimates furnish a substantial increase in information when compared to more ubiquitous assessments of relative abundance, but the logistical requirements are modest. We believe that this technique may useful for survey purposes in other small, remote lakes. JF - Northwest Science AU - Gresswell, R E AU - Liss, W J AU - Lomnicky, G A AU - Deimling, E K AU - Hoffman, R L AU - Tyler, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 39 EP - 44 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Oncorhynchus clarki KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Pisces KW - fish management KW - fishery management KW - freshwater fish KW - lake fisheries KW - marking and tracking techniques KW - montane environments KW - population status KW - salmon fisheries KW - sport fishing KW - stock assessment KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - lakes KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Washington KW - tagging KW - USA, Washington, Cascades Mts. KW - population dynamics KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Using+mark-recapture+methods+to+estimate+fish+abundance+in+small+mountain+lakes&rft.au=Gresswell%2C+R+E%3BLiss%2C+W+J%3BLomnicky%2C+G+A%3BDeimling%2C+E+K%3BHoffman%2C+R+L%3BTyler%2C+T&rft.aulast=Gresswell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sport fishing; salmon fisheries; tagging; freshwater fish; lakes; fishery management; lake fisheries; stock assessment; population dynamics; marking and tracking techniques; montane environments; population status; fish management; Pisces; Oncorhynchus clarki; Oncorhynchus mykiss; USA, Washington; USA, Washington, Cascades Mts.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detachment in a simulated rill AN - 15946361; 4055818 AB - The effects of water and sediment inflow to the top of a 25 cm wide rill with a fine sand bed at 5% slope with no rainfall and no infiltration were determined by using a new laboratory apparatus called a rill simulator. A significant sediment feedback effect on the detachment by flow at the top of the flume was determined with data obtained from laser elevation scans. Observations of the detachment that occurred in the rill were thus comparable with those predicted by the detachment equation in the WEPP model (Foster et al., 1995). For low sediment inflow rates, the detachment equation could be adjusted to predict reasonable results of detachment in the rill, but parameter estimation (rill erodibility, critical shear stress, transport capacity) was difficult. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Cochrane, T A AU - Flanagan, D C AD - USDA-ARS, NSERL, Purdue Univ., 1196 Bldg. SOIL, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 111 EP - 119 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - rill simulator KW - WEPP model KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - flumes KW - comparison studies KW - flow rates KW - sediment transport KW - mathematical equations KW - prediction KW - experimental data KW - sediment concentration KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15946361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Detachment+in+a+simulated+rill&rft.au=Cochrane%2C+T+A%3BFlanagan%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical equations; sediment transport; flumes; flow rates; sediment concentration; experimental data; prediction; comparison studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative relationship between sticky trap catch and beat tray counts of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae): Seasonal, sex, and morphotypic effects AN - 15929201; 4048319 AB - Adult pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), were monitored with beat trays, yellow sticky traps, and clear sticky traps for 2 yr at 3 orchards to determine whether a general relationship exists between tray counts and sticky trap catch. Samples were also categorized according to morphotype of the insect (summerform versus winterform), diapause status of winterforms (diapausing versus postdiapause and reproductive), and sex of the insect. Most (42 of 48) of the samples indicated that trap catch varied significantly with tray count (by linear regression analysis). However, aside from the fall winterform generation, no general relationship between trap catch and tray count was noted. Results suggest that sticky trap counts often had a large behavioral or activity component that obscured density effects. These effects were especially noticeable in the spring winterform generation and the summerform generation. Factors affecting sticky trap catch included sex of the insect, reproductive status, trap color, insect age, and leaf fall. We suggest that these factors, as well as others not explored here (e.g., weather), contributed to the lack of a general relationship between tray and trap counts. Previous work indicates that either method predicts damage to the tree; thus, for pest-management decisions, both sampling methods are useful. However, for more precise questions about absolute densities of adults, we suggest that beat trays should be preferred. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Horton AU - Lewis, T M AD - USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 170 EP - 177 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - seasonal variations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - sampling KW - traps KW - sex differences KW - Psyllidae KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15929201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+relationship+between+sticky+trap+catch+and+beat+tray+counts+of+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29%3A+Seasonal%2C+sex%2C+and+morphotypic+effects&rft.au=Horton%3BLewis%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Psyllidae; traps; sampling; sex differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of doubled CO sub(2) on water use by alfalfa and orchard grass: Simulating evapotranspiration using canopy conductance measurements AN - 15927140; 4047235 AB - Alfalfa and orchard grass crops were grown at ambient and twice ambient carbon dioxide concentrations in field plots for several years in Beltsville, MD, using semi-open chambers. Canopy conductances throughout many days were determined from water vapour exchange measurements, and indicated significant reductions in canopy conductance to water vapour at elevated carbon dioxide in both species. However, recognizing that the artificial ventilation in the chambers made direct comparisons of evapotranspiration rates questionable, we used a soil-vegetation-atmosphere model to determine what field-scale evapotranspiration rates would have been with natural ventilation. Unlike the 'omega' approach, the model used allowed feedbacks between the canopy and the atmosphere, such that, for example, canopy conductance responses affected profiles of temperature and water vapour. Simulations indicated that although canopy conductances were lower at elevated carbon dioxide by as much as 20% in alfalfa and 60% in orchard grass, evapotranspiration rates never differed by more than 3% in alfalfa or 8% in orchard grass. Daily totals of evapotranspiration were only 1-2% lower at elevated carbon dioxide in alfalfa, and 2-5% lower in orchard grass. The results are partly explained by the fact that aerodynamic conductances to water vapour were generally smaller than the stomatal conductance, and also by canopy-atmosphere feedback processes which largely compensated for the lower conductance at elevated carbon dioxide by increasing the gradient for evaporation. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Bunce, JA AU - Wilson, K B AU - Carlson, T N AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 81 EP - 87 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - USA, Maryland, Beltsville KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - ventilation KW - grasses KW - water use KW - field tests KW - conductance KW - stomata KW - canopy KW - alfalfa KW - evapotranspiration KW - simulation KW - carbon dioxide KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15927140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+doubled+CO+sub%282%29+on+water+use+by+alfalfa+and+orchard+grass%3A+Simulating+evapotranspiration+using+canopy+conductance+measurements&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA%3BWilson%2C+K+B%3BCarlson%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; water use; alfalfa; grasses; simulation; evapotranspiration; canopy; field tests; ventilation; stomata; conductance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of peach latent mosaic viroid in stone fruits and its transmission with contaminated blades AN - 15926550; 4048516 AB - Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is widely distributed (approximately 55%) in peach germplasm from Europe, Asia, North America, and South America. PLMVd, or a closely related viroid, was occasionally detected in cherry, plum, and apricot germplasm from countries in Europe or Asia. The cherry isolate of PLMVd is 337 nucleotides in length and is 91 to 92% homologous to PLMVd isolates from peach. Molecular hybridization experiments demonstrated that PLMVd is not related to the agent of peach mosaic disease. PLMVd was readily transmitted (50 to 70%) by contaminated blades to green shoots and lignified stems of peach GF-305 plants. These results indicate that the viroid may be transmitted in orchards with contaminated pruning equipment. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hadidi, A AU - Giunchedi, L AU - Shamloul, A M AU - Poggi-Pollini, C AU - Amer, MA AD - Natl. Germplasm Resour. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 106, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 154 EP - 158 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - disease transmission KW - pruning KW - equipment KW - peach latent mosaic viroid KW - contamination KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15926550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+peach+latent+mosaic+viroid+in+stone+fruits+and+its+transmission+with+contaminated+blades&rft.au=Hadidi%2C+A%3BGiunchedi%2C+L%3BShamloul%2C+A+M%3BPoggi-Pollini%2C+C%3BAmer%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Hadidi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - peach latent mosaic viroid; disease transmission; equipment; pruning; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid evaluation of plant extracts and essential oils for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea AN - 15922711; 4045040 AB - A rapid assay to determine antifungal activity in plant extracts and essential oils is described. Wells in microtiter plates were loaded with Botrytis cinerea spores and plant extracts or essential oils. Subsequent changes in optical density following spore germination in the wells was measured after 24 h using an automatic microtiter plate reader driven by a software program developed for this purpose. Extracts from 345 plants and 49 essential oils were evaluated for their antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Among 345 plant extracts analyzed, 13 showed high levels of antifungal activity, with species of Allium and Capsicum predominating. Among the 49 essential oils tested, palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini), red thyme (Thymus zygis) cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and clove buds (Eugenia caryophyllata) demonstrated the most antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The most frequently occurring constituents in essential oils showing high antifungal activity were: D-limonene, cineole; beta -myrcene; alpha -pinene, beta -pinene; and camphor. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wilson, CL AU - Solar, J M AU - El Ghaouth, A AU - Wisniewski, ME AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 204 EP - 210 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Capsicum KW - antifungal activity KW - Allium KW - essential oils KW - extracts KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15922711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Rapid+evaluation+of+plant+extracts+and+essential+oils+for+antifungal+activity+against+Botrytis+cinerea&rft.au=Wilson%2C+CL%3BSolar%2C+J+M%3BEl+Ghaouth%2C+A%3BWisniewski%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; Allium; Capsicum; antifungal activity; essential oils; extracts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A polymerase chain reaction protocol for the detection of Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease AN - 15920279; 4045036 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed that amplified a 360-bp DNA product unique to Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa), the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease. The assay utilizes previously described PCR primers that target the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Primer pair Ala4/L1 allowed amplification of a 360-bp DNA fragment from 71 Xa strains including representatives of serovats I, II, and III. Fragments of different sizes were also amplified from three unidentified saprophytic bacteria from sugarcane. Xa could be detected at a lower bacterial concentration with the PCR protocol than with a serological dot blot assay. With PCR, as little as 1.25 pg of Xa genomic DNA (125 fg if followed by Southern blot hybridization), or as few as 0 to 5 CFU of Xa per reaction were detected from infected sugarcane sap and leaf diffusate. Five CFU of Xa per reaction were detected from suspension culture. The PCR protocol provides a rapid, reliable, and economical tool for routine detection and identification of Xa. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pan, Y-B AU - Grisham, M P AU - Burner, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., Sugarcane Res. Unit, P.O. Box 470, Houma, LA 70361, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 189 EP - 194 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - scald KW - detection KW - Saccharum KW - Xanthomonas albilineans KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15920279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+polymerase+chain+reaction+protocol+for+the+detection+of+Xanthomonas+albilineans%2C+the+causal+agent+of+sugarcane+leaf+scald+disease&rft.au=Pan%2C+Y-B%3BGrisham%2C+M+P%3BBurner%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Y-B&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas albilineans; Saccharum; polymerase chain reaction; scald; detection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early-season migratory flights of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 15905839; 4038313 AB - Studies were conducted to determine the frequency, intensity, and displacement of migratory flights of adult corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), from the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico during the citrus blooming period in February and March 1994. Samples of daily collections of adult male H. zea from pheromone traps in the valley (10) and southern Texas (21) were examined for the presence of citrus pollen using scanning electron microscopy. H. zea were captured at all locations except Alpine, TX. Based on samples of the daily collections, citrus pollen-contaminated H. zea were captured as far as 661 km from the valley. However, the valley is the nearest source of commercial citrus production. Insect flight trajectories from the valley were estimated using wind velocity data at 500 m above ground level and an assumed insect air speed of 5 m/s. Probability of daily capture of H. zea at locations that were 112-711 km from the valley were significantly related to duration of the estimated insect flight trajectory; minimum air temperature at the trap location; and daily average trap capture in the valley. The independent variables: duration of estimated insect flight trajectory, duration of estimated insect trap location, and the 1-d lag of minimum air temperature at the flight trajectory were significantly related to the daily capture of citrus pollen-contaminated H. zea. Wind trajectories measured by mylar balloons (tetroons) and hourly weather data (i.e., wind, precipitation, and air temperature) may explain some of the residual variance of the logistic regressions. The logistic regression equations can be used to estimate the probability of occurrence of daily capture of corn earworm for use as an advisory to agriculturists, regulatory personnel, and research scientists. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Westbrook, J K AU - Wolf, W W AU - Lingren, P D AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lopez, JD Jr AU - Matis, J H AU - Eyster, R S AU - Esquivel, J F AU - Schleider, P G AD - Areawide Pest Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 2771 F&B Rd., Coll. Stn., TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 12 EP - 20 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - flight KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - migration KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Mexico KW - USA, Texas KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15905839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Early-season+migratory+flights+of+corn+earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Westbrook%2C+J+K%3BWolf%2C+W+W%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr%3BMatis%2C+J+H%3BEyster%2C+R+S%3BEsquivel%2C+J+F%3BSchleider%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Helicoverpa zea; Mexico; USA, Texas; migration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased pheromone production in wild tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to host plants and host chemicals AN - 15900880; 4038976 AB - Compared with the laboratory colony females, 1st-generation feral (wild F sub(1)) females of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), produced little sex pheromone unless exposed to a host plant. Pheromone production in wild F sub(1) females was induced by both cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., squares and tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., buds. With either of the hosts, physical contact evoked a significantly higher response than did exposure to volatile compounds from these plant parts. Of the 12 tobacco chemicals and a corn, Zea mays L., silk extract tested with wild F sub(1) females, oxidized alpha + beta -4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diols (oxy-DVT-diols), alpha -4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diol ( alpha -DVT-diol), (13E)-labda-13-ene-8 alpha ,15-diol (labdenediol), and the corn silk extract evoked high pheromone production. Pheromone production may require host plant-based signals to assure that a suitable host is available for oviposition by the female, once it is mated. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Raina, A K AU - Jackson, D M AU - Severson, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 101 EP - 105 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Noctuidae KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Zea mays KW - Heliothis virescens KW - host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - sex pheromone KW - pheromone emission KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Increased+pheromone+production+in+wild+tobacco+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+exposed+to+host+plants+and+host+chemicals&rft.au=Raina%2C+A+K%3BJackson%2C+D+M%3BSeverson%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Raina&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; Gossypium hirsutum; Nicotiana tabacum; Zea mays; pheromone emission; host plants; sex pheromone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectivity of celery looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus to navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 15900178; 4039104 AB - The multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus (MNPV) isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), has a relatively broad host range within the order Lepidoptera. Preliminary tests indicated that AfMNPV was infectious to the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker). The pathogenicity of AfMNPV to a laboratory colony of A. transitella was established. AfMNPV was infectious to A. transitella with an LC sub(50) of 36 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/mm super(2) of diet surface. Histopathology showed that PIBs were concentrated in the midgut but also were found in the hypodermis, fat body, and tracheal matrix. Malpighian tubules and ganglia also showed evidence of infection. The virus did not cause any damaging effects to the survivors of a sublethal dose (LC sub(50)). JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cardenas, F A AU - Vail, P V AU - Hoffmann, D F AU - Tebbets, J S AU - Schreiber, F E AD - Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 131 EP - 134 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - pathogenicity KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Noctuidae KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - disease transmission KW - Amyelois transitella KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Infectivity+of+celery+looper+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+multiple+nucleocapsid+polyhedrosis+virus+to+navel+orangeworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Cardenas%2C+F+A%3BVail%2C+P+V%3BHoffmann%2C+D+F%3BTebbets%2C+J+S%3BSchreiber%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Cardenas&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Pyralidae; Anagrapha falcifera; Amyelois transitella; pathogenicity; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory-scale measurements and simulations of effect of application methods on soil methyl bromide emission AN - 15892733; 4029277 AB - Methyl bromide (bromomethane, MeBr), which originates from the oceans, fumigation, and a few other sources, is reportedly contributing to the ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Due to the heavy reliance on this fumigant in the production of many crops, it is of particular importance to accurately quantify the atmospheric input of MeBr arising from agricultural uses, and develop feasible measures to minimize these emissions. In this study, we determined the effect of two important application variables, surface tarp and injection depth, on MeBr transport and transformation in the soil and its emission from the soil surface under controlled conditions. Following 20- and 30-cm injections, covering the soil surface with 1-mil (0.025 mm) high-density polyethylene film resulted in an average of 48% reduction in MeBr emission. Increasing the injection depth from 20 to 60 cm caused a decrease in MeBr emission of 54% under untarped conditions and 40% under tarped conditions. The influence of application methods on MeBr atmospheric emissions should be considered when estimating the contribution of agricultural fumigation to the overall atmospheric MeBr burden on a global scale. The results also indicate that MeBr emission after soil fumigation may be substantially minimized by using surface tarpaulins and deep injections. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AU - Spencer, W F AU - Yates, M V AU - Jury, WA AD - USDA-ARS Soil Phys. and Pesticides Res. Unit, U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 310 EP - 317 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - methyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emission measurements KW - fumigation KW - environmental impact KW - agriculture KW - simulation KW - stratosphere KW - soil KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15892733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Laboratory-scale+measurements+and+simulations+of+effect+of+application+methods+on+soil+methyl+bromide+emission&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BYates%3BSpencer%2C+W+F%3BYates%2C+M+V%3BJury%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulation; emission measurements; environmental impact; agriculture; fumigation; stratosphere; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The pollyannas vs. the chicken little -- enough already! AN - 15891527; 4034659 AB - In the "Perils of Pollyannas," (Conservation Biology 9: 701-703) Reed F. Noss seems to consider those who write about hopeful trends in U.S. environmental conditions to be threats to conservation. He dismisses the environmental optimists, not only as being wrong-headed perpetrators of misinformation, but as actually dangerous "because a public out of touch with the natural world cannot see the fallaciousness of their claims." As one set of the misguided souls referenced by Noss, we take issue with the allegations leveled at us. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Salwasser, H AU - MacCleery, D W AU - Snellgrove, T A AD - Forest Serv., USDA, One Central Auditors, 201 14th St. SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 283 EP - 286 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - conservation KW - environmental perception KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15891527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=The+pollyannas+vs.+the+chicken+little+--+enough+already%21&rft.au=Salwasser%2C+H%3BMacCleery%2C+D+W%3BSnellgrove%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Salwasser&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; environmental perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive interactions among symbiotic fungi of the southern pine beetle AN - 15887753; 4034092 AB - The southern pine beetle, a damaging pest of conifers, is intimately linked to three symbiotic fungi. Two fungi, Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus and Entomocorticium sp. A, are transported within specialized structures (mycangia) in the beetle exoskeleton and are mutualists of the beetle. A third fungus, Ophiostoma minus, is transported externally on the beetle exoskeleton (phoretically) and is an antagonist of the beetle. This study examined competitive interactions among these three fungi. The results of the Wit replacement series and primary and secondary resource capture assays with these fungi provide strong evidence for differential competition between the phoretic and mycangial fungi. O. minus was the most able to capture both uncolonized and colonized resources. Entomocorticium sp. A and C. ranaculosus, although equal to one another in competitive abilities, differed in their ability to compet with O. minus. Entomocorticium sp. A was able to maintain space free of O. minus to a much greater degree than was C. ranaculosus. The outcome of such competitive interactions may have significant impacts on the biology of this ecologically and economically important beetle. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Klepzig, K D AU - Wilkens, R T AD - USDA For. Serv., 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, PA 71360, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 621 EP - 627 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus KW - Entomocorticium KW - Ophiostoma minus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Scolytidae KW - symbiosis KW - fungi KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - competition KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15887753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Competitive+interactions+among+symbiotic+fungi+of+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D%3BWilkens%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus frontalis; Scolytidae; symbiosis; competition; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungicidal activity of cecropin A AN - 15882137; 4028980 AB - Cecropin A (CA) fungicidal properties were explored. Nongerminated and germinated Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. conidia were treated with CA. CA achieved complete lethality at less than or equal to 25 mu M (99 mu g /ml) for germinating, but not nongerminating, conidia of Aspergillus spp. CA achieved total lethality for nongerminated and germinating conidia of Fusarium spp at 1.5 mu M (6 mu g/ml). MIC and minimal lethal concentration assays in buffered RPMI medium gave similar results. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - DeLucca, A J AU - Bland, J M AU - Jacks, T J AU - Grimm, C AU - Cleveland, TE AU - Walsh, T J AD - Southern Regional Res. Cent., USDA, ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 481 EP - 483 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - cecropin A KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium KW - Aspergillus KW - fungicidal activity KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15882137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Fungicidal+activity+of+cecropin+A&rft.au=DeLucca%2C+A+J%3BBland%2C+J+M%3BJacks%2C+T+J%3BGrimm%2C+C%3BCleveland%2C+TE%3BWalsh%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=DeLucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Fusarium; fungicidal activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A soil depth approach to soil quality assessment AN - 15868817; 4024701 AB - Soil quality is a term associated with soil suitability for productivity and environmental quality-related uses. It is often assessed from quantitative measurements of soil properties that can exhibit a wide range of variability across the landscape due to differences in soil formation and erosion processes. Thus, the depth to some profile feature that delineates the zone in which most soil processes are restricted to (effective soil depth ESD) must be included in the development of soil quality indices that apply spatially. Our objective was to determine the potential of ESD as an integrator of properties that change with depth and are used to characterize productivity and erodibility, two common indicators of soil quality. Selected soil properties were determined for a range of ESD above a fragipan horizon which restricted soil water movement and rooting depths. As ESD decreased from 100 to 20 cm, productivity decreased and erodibility generally increased. These adverse changes in soil quality were attributed to the modification of several properties that were highly correlated with ESD. Therefore, ESD is considered a reasonably accurate method of assigning a soil quality index to soils that have a limited depth. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Lindbo, D L AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Sedimentation Lab., Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 66 EP - 72 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - ESD KW - soil quality KW - soil depth KW - assessments KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil properties KW - environmental quality KW - runoff KW - indexing KW - soil erosion KW - clay minerals KW - productivity KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15868817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=A+soil+depth+approach+to+soil+quality+assessment&rft.au=Rhoton%2C+F+E%3BLindbo%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rhoton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental quality; soil properties; productivity; indexing; soil erosion; runoff; clay minerals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of wheat residue cover in the Great Plains and Pacific Northwest AN - 15867881; 4024700 AB - Nine devices were used to visually measure percent residue cover on fields following a crop of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The devices were four lines with various arrangements of bead markers, a measuring tape, and four wheels with markers located on or near the wheel perimeter. Emphasis was on wheat residues, including low residue cover as found following intense tillage of Pacific Northwest non-irrigated wheatlands. Sources of measurement variation were studied for each of the nine devices to determine if any of the methods/devices were preferable for documenting residue cover in conditions of extended weathering and multiple tillages. The fields were located in the Southern Great Plains and the Columbia Plateau area of the Pacific Northwest. A total of nine field sites were intensely measured, with three operators taking 1000 point readings with each device. Residue cover varied from 6 to 84%-cover ("%-cover" is the unit of measure). Field conditions ranged from fallow with as many as seven tillages to long-term no-till. Measurement precision and operation time were similar for the four line and wheel type devices. Precision, as evaluated by the mean range of data values, ranged between 7.7 to 9.7%-cover. Excluding another type of transect line, the measuring tape, field time to take 1000 points averaged only 22.3 min. The tape took 50% more field time and is not recommended. Any differences in measured cover caused by the line bead arrangements or wheel designs, were either small or were masked by large variations among operators and spatial differences across the fields. Other factors, including length, height, stubble row spacing, and initial amount of residue, as well as surface roughness were also either masked or not important. Measurement variations by operators within replications and across replications were of the same order of magnitude, at plus or minus 2 to 7%-cover. When combined, these sources of variation generally exceeded the arbitrary criteria of allowable variations of plus or minus 3%-cover (originally based on plus or minus 10% of 30% mean cover, which defined the critical value of residue cover for a tillage system to be "Conservation Tillage" (CTIC, 1995)). Of course, as residue cover values become small, such as 6 to 10%-cover, then the plus or minus 3%-cover is really an allowable tolerance of plus or minus 33 to 50%. This points out the need either for more appropriate allowance criteria or for the development of measurement instruments which will achieve more precision than is currently possible with any of the visual-measurement devices/methods used in this study. Results showed that fields with low amounts of weathered wheat residues may be measured with the same devices and methods as fields with higher amounts of residues. The range of observed values and absolute variation became smaller as cover decreased. Because the field sites spanned a wide range of conditions, the results should apply to most dryland wheat production areas. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Morrison, JE Jr AU - Rickman, R W AU - McCool, D K AU - Pfeiffer, K L AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 59 EP - 65 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wheat KW - precision KW - agricultural practices KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - data acquisition KW - variability KW - crop production KW - detritus KW - evaluation KW - spatial distribution KW - USA, Great Plains KW - erosion control KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15867881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+wheat+residue+cover+in+the+Great+Plains+and+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Morrison%2C+JE+Jr%3BRickman%2C+R+W%3BMcCool%2C+D+K%3BPfeiffer%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat; detritus; agricultural practices; precision; erosion control; crop production; evaluation; variability; spatial distribution; data acquisition; USA, Great Plains; USA, Pacific Northwest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoplasma induced free-branching in commercial poinsettia cultivars AN - 15825901; 4008586 AB - Free-branching poinsettia cultivars that produce numerous axillary shoots are essential for propagating desirable multi-flowered poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild. Klotz). For more than a decade, a biological agent has been suspected to cause free-branching in poinsettias. Attempts to identify the branching agent have failed. Isolation of the pathogen was accomplished using a living host and it was concluded that an unculturable phytoplasma is the cause of free-branching in poinsettias. This is the first reported example of a pathogenic phytoplasma as the causal agent of a desirable and economically important trait. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AU - Klopmeyer, M AU - Bartoszyk, I M AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AU - Chou, Tau-San AU - Thomson, K L AU - Eisenreich, R AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 178 EP - 182 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0733-222X, 0733-222X KW - free-branching KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - poinsettia mosaic virus KW - Euphorbia pulcherrima KW - phytoplasma KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15825901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Phytoplasma+induced+free-branching+in+commercial+poinsettia+cultivars&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ing-Ming%3BKlopmeyer%2C+M%3BBartoszyk%2C+I+M%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE%3BChou%2C+Tau-San%3BThomson%2C+K+L%3BEisenreich%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ing-Ming&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=0733222X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytoplasma; poinsettia mosaic virus; Euphorbia pulcherrima ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Conservation Policy Analysis: An Interregional, Multi-Output, Primal-Dual Optimization Approach AN - 1038617460; 17020267 AB - An interregional, multi-output, normalized restricted-equilibrium model of field-crop agriculture is estimated within the context of a multistage, programming-based, system estimation procedure. Implicit, total economic-cost functions endogenize behavioral, opportunity adjustment costs of fixed and allocatable land and water resources. Crop-specific, Marshallian water-demand elasticities are estimated for restricted and unrestricted groundwater substitution environments, and decomposed by water source. Elasticities are inelastic, but water-price policy reform can be an effective water-conservation policy tool when groundwater use is unrestricted. When groundwater use is restricted, effective conservation policy requires more dramatic water-price policy reform. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Schaible, Glenn D AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 163 EP - 177 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - multi-output production KW - water policy KW - water-demand elasticities KW - Q250 KW - Q280 KW - Agriculture KW - policy reform KW - Water conservation KW - Conservation KW - Water resources KW - Groundwater KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038617460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Water+Conservation+Policy+Analysis%3A+An+Interregional%2C+Multi-Output%2C+Primal-Dual+Optimization+Approach&rft.au=Schaible%2C+Glenn+D&rft.aulast=Schaible&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1243951 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; policy reform; Water conservation; Water resources; Conservation; Groundwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243951 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibrating Benefit Function Transfer to Assess the Conservation Reserve Program AN - 1038617446; 17020258 AB - Benefit transfer offers an inexpensive alternative to conducting an original study to determine economic value. Unfortunately, benefit transfers can also result in biased welfare estimates. In this paper, we suggest a method of calibrating the benefit transfer to reduce this bias. An empirical example to determine the benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program on water-based recreation illustrates the potentially large biases that can result if the transfer is not calibrated. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Feather, Peter AU - Hellerstein, Daniel AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 151 EP - 162 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - benefit transfer KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - double hurdle model KW - random utility model KW - soil erosion KW - Q250 KW - Q260 KW - Economics KW - Conservation KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038617446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Calibrating+Benefit+Function+Transfer+to+Assess+the+Conservation+Reserve+Program&rft.au=Feather%2C+Peter%3BHellerstein%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Feather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1243950 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Conservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243950 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update on implementation of the final rule on pathogen reduction and HACCP. AN - 79652515; 10343032 JF - Food and drug law journal AU - Glavin, M AD - Office of Policy, Program Development, and Evaluation, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 323 EP - 325 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 1064-590X, 1064-590X KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Salmonella KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Meat-Packing Industry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79652515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.atitle=Update+on+implementation+of+the+final+rule+on+pathogen+reduction+and+HACCP.&rft.au=Glavin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Glavin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.issn=1064590X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of an Aspergillus flavus transformant expressing Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase in maize kernels resistant to aflatoxin production. AN - 79650484; 10465048 AB - Kernels of a maize inbred that demonstrated resistance to aflatoxin production in previous studies were inoculated with an Aspergillus flavus strain containing the Escherichia coli beta-D-glucuronidase reporter gene linked to a beta-tubulin gene promoter and assessed for both fungal growth and aflatoxin accumulation. Prior to inoculation, kernels were pin-wounded through the pericarp to the endosperm, pin-wounded in the embryo region, or left unwounded. After 7 days incubation with the fungus, beta-glucuronidase activity (fungal growth) in the kernels was quantified using a fluorogenic assay and aflatoxin B content of the same kernels was analyzed. Kernels of a susceptible inbred, similarly treated, served as controls. Results indicate a positive relationship between aflatoxin levels and the amount of fungal growth. However, resistant kernels wounded through the pericarp to the endosperm before inoculation supported an increase in aflatoxin B over levels observed in nonwounded kernels, without an increase in fungal growth. Wounding kernels of the resistant inbred through the embryo resulted in both the greatest fungal growth and the highest levels of aflatoxin B1 for this genotype. Maintenance of resistance to aflatoxin B1 in endosperm-wounded kernels may be due to the action of a mechanism which limits fungal access to the kernel embryo. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Brown, R L AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Payne, G A AU - Woloshuk, C P AU - White, D G AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 84 EP - 87 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Food Contamination KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Glucuronidase -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Glucuronidase -- genetics KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79650484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Growth+of+an+Aspergillus+flavus+transformant+expressing+Escherichia+coli+beta-glucuronidase+in+maize+kernels+resistant+to+aflatoxin+production.&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+L%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BPayne%2C+G+A%3BWoloshuk%2C+C+P%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of allelochemicals and their enzymatic oxidation products to maize fungal pathogens, emphasizing Fusarium graminearum. AN - 79572490; 9496376 AB - A series of stable quinones and their precursors, and enzymatic oxidation products of plant allelochemicals were tested for their effect on maize fungal pathogens, primarily Fusarium graminearum. Benzoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than hydroquinone, while 1,2-naphthoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. Aspergillus flavus was the most resistant fungus to these compounds, while Phoma medicaginis was the most susceptible. Applying tyrosinase in conjunction with several phenolic compounds only increased the toxicity of gallic acid to Fusarium graminearum. Applying peroxidase generally increased toxicity of all compounds tested to this fungus in a dose-dependent fashion. Ferulic acid was generally the most toxic compound, both alone and when combined with peroxidase and H2O2, followed by coumaric acid. These results suggest that enzymatic oxidation of plant allelochemicals may result in the generation of products that either are directly toxic to maize pathogens, or indirectly inhibitory due to their ability to tie up nutrients. JF - Natural toxins AU - Dowd, P F AU - Duvick, J P AU - Rood, T AD - U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 180 EP - 185 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Benzoquinones KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - Coumaric Acids KW - Hydroquinones KW - Naphthols KW - Quinones KW - Dihydroxyphenylalanine KW - 63-84-3 KW - Horseradish Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.18.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Fungi -- enzymology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Interactions KW - Ascomycota -- drug effects KW - Naphthols -- pharmacology KW - Dihydroxyphenylalanine -- pharmacology KW - Horseradish Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Hydroquinones -- pharmacology KW - Benzoquinones -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Benzoquinones -- pharmacology KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- drug effects KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Fungi -- drug effects KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Hydroquinones -- chemistry KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Quinones -- chemistry KW - Fusarium -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Quinones -- pharmacology KW - Coumaric Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79572490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+allelochemicals+and+their+enzymatic+oxidation+products+to+maize+fungal+pathogens%2C+emphasizing+Fusarium+graminearum.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BDuvick%2C+J+P%3BRood%2C+T&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne salmonellosis. AN - 79252513; 9282390 AB - Foodborne diseases caused by non-typhoid Salmonella are a very important public health problem and an economic burden in many parts of the world. Salmonellosis data from the WHO Global Databank on Foodborne Disease, from the literature and from the WHO Surveillance Programme in Europe were reviewed for the years 1985-1995, showing an apparent increase in the incidence of salmonellosis in many parts of the world. In industrialized countries, this increase may be due to the emergence and increase of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium DT104. In order to reduce the incidence of human foodborne salmonellosis, measures should be taken simultaneously during the production, processing, distribution, retail marketing and handling/preparation of food to prevent the introduction of Salmonella and its multiplication. These control measures need to be supported by effective foodborne disease surveillance programmes which make it possible to recognize and investigate outbreaks and emerging pathogens, and to assess the need for and evaluate interventions by monitoring longer term trends. JF - World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales AU - Gomez, T M AU - Motarjemi, Y AU - Miyagawa, S AU - Käferstein, F K AU - Stöhr, K AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 81 EP - 89 VL - 50 IS - 1-2 SN - 0379-8070, 0379-8070 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - World Health Organization KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Global Health KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- economics KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79252513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+health+statistics+quarterly.+Rapport+trimestriel+de+statistiques+sanitaires+mondiales&rft.atitle=Foodborne+salmonellosis.&rft.au=Gomez%2C+T+M%3BMotarjemi%2C+Y%3BMiyagawa%2C+S%3BK%C3%A4ferstein%2C+F+K%3BSt%C3%B6hr%2C+K&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+health+statistics+quarterly.+Rapport+trimestriel+de+statistiques+sanitaires+mondiales&rft.issn=03798070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-26 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting atrazine fate in north central U.S. soils. AN - 79124162; 9216258 AB - Atrazine persistence and fate are influenced by many factors, the interactions of which are difficult to predict. Several models, such as LEACHP (Wagenet and Hutson 1989), have been used as tools to estimate losses and identify variables that will impact the magnitude of loss. The LEACHP model was evaluated for predicting atrazine movement in sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam soils during three consecutive years (two dry and one wet) in Minnesota (Khakural et al. 1995). Considering the broad range in soil properties and climatic conditions used in testing, the model performed well. However, these are only estimates, and additional field studies need to be conducted to verify model results. In a report by Fausey et al. (1995), the amount of atrazine found in groundwater throughout the Midwestern region was reported to be much below the MCL. However, specific sites in the Midwest may struggle with atrazine problems from both point and nonpoint sources of contamination. Some states, such as South Dakota, have created groundwater protection areas that alert growers and the public to sensitive areas where contamination may occur because of soil type, depth to groundwater, and distance to public wellheads. Wisconsin has developed a tiered managerial strategy, or zoning approach, in which restrictions are matched to pollution detections (Wolf and Nowak 1996). The USEPA has mandates for states to implement generic management plans to prevent pesticide contamination of groundwater. Chemical-specific plans by states will be required for at least five pesticides, one of which will be atrazine. Best management practices have been and are continuing to be developed to aid the grower in lessening the adverse impacts of atrazine. With continuing research into understanding the problem and developing solutions, and with adaptation of these recommendations by growers, the use of effective, inexpensive herbicides may continue with minimal off-site environmental effects. JF - Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Clay, S A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 117 EP - 165 VL - 151 SN - 0179-5953, 0179-5953 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Midwestern United States KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Atrazine -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79124162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+atrazine+fate+in+north+central+U.S.+soils.&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BClay%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=01795953&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative histopathology of intestinal infections. AN - 79083702; 9191985 AB - Intestinal infections are characterized by a range of histologic changes. Some examples (moving progressively deeper into the tissue from the intestinal lumen) are: 1) Enterotoxigenic E. coli infections are characterized by layers of E. coli adherent to villous epithelium, usually with little or no apparent structural damage to the mucosa. 2) The term enteropathogenic E. coli infection designates a disease characterized by E. coli attached intimately to the epithelial cell surface membrane with effacement of brush border microvilli. 3) Rotavirus infections are characterized by destruction of villous epithelial cells. Parvovirus infections are characterized by destruction of crypt epithelial cells. 4) Some intracellular infections with Campylobacter-like organisms are characterized by epithelial cell hyperplasia. 5) Hemorrhagic colitis in humans, caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains, is characterized by mucosal hemorrhage and edema indicative of vascular necrosis. 6) Most of these lesions are accompanied by some degree of inflammation. Neurophils and lymphocytes mediate some of the structural and functional changes characteristic of these infections. Some changes are mediated directly by microbial products. Additional examples of the complexity of these diseases are: 1) Edema disease of swine is characterized both by adherent E. coli and vascular necrosis (each process mediated by a different bacterial virulence attribute). 2) Rotavirus infections are characterized both by destruction of villous epithelial cells and compensatory hyperplasia of crypt epithelial cells. 3) There is suggestive evidence that enterohemorrhagic E. coli infections may involve: a) destruction of epithelial brush border by attaching-effacing E. coli, b) neutrophil mediated epithelial cell destruction, c) Shiga-like toxin mediated epithelial cell destruction and d) Shiga-like toxin mediated vascular necrosis which in turn causes ischemic damage to epithelium. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Moon, H W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York 11944, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 EP - 19 VL - 412 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hyperplasia -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - Diarrhea -- pathology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- pathology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- pathology KW - Necrosis KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Protozoan Infections -- pathology KW - Bacterial Toxins -- toxicity KW - Microvilli -- pathology KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Cholera -- pathology KW - Intestinal Diseases -- pathology KW - Intestinal Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79083702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Comparative+histopathology+of+intestinal+infections.&rft.au=Moon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying tests for specific yolk antibodies to predict contamination by Salmonella enteritidis in eggs from experimentally infected laying hens. AN - 78931325; 9087337 AB - Detecting Salmonella enteritidis contamination in eggs has become the cornerstone of many programs for reducing egg-borne disease transmission, but egg culturing is time consuming and laborious. Preliminary screening tests are thus generally applied to minimize the number of flocks from which eggs must be cultured. The usefulness of such tests is directly proportional to both their detection sensitivity and their ability to predict the likelihood of egg contamination. In the present study, samples were collected for 24 days after groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with S. enteritidis. Eggs from each hen were cultured for S. enteritidis in the contents and samples of egg yolk were diluted and tested for specific antibodies to S. enteritidis flagella using both experimental and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Samples of voided feces were also collected regularly from each bird and cultured for S. enteritidis. Although fecal shedding and egg yolk antibody production followed opposite patterns over time (fecal shedding was decreasing as egg yolk antibody titers were increasing), tests for both parameters were effective in predicting whether particular hens would lay contaminated eggs. Among hens that laid at least one egg contaminated by S. enteritidis, 82% were detected as infected by fecal culturing and 96% by the experimental egg yolk ELISA test. Using easily collected samples, egg yolk antibody testing offers a rapid and effective screening method for identifying S. enteritidis-infected laying flocks that might lay contaminated eggs. JF - Avian diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Porter, R E AU - Hold, P S AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 195 EP - 202 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Probability KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Flagella -- immunology KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Time Factors KW - Oviposition KW - Female KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- diagnosis KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- transmission KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- immunology KW - Egg Yolk -- microbiology KW - Egg Yolk -- immunology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78931325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Applying+tests+for+specific+yolk+antibodies+to+predict+contamination+by+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+eggs+from+experimentally+infected+laying+hens.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BPorter%2C+R+E%3BHold%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the addition of potassium or sodium, but not calcium, to prepartum ratios on milk fever in dairy cows. AN - 78839856; 9120088 AB - The effects of prepartum dietary concentrations of K, Na, and Ca on the incidence of periparturient hypocalcemia or milk fever was determined for older (> or = 4th lactation) Jersey cows. Cows were fed one of six diets differing in K and Ca contents. In addition, the effect of dietary Na (tested only at the high concentration of dietary Ca, and low concentration of dietary K) was examined. Treatments were arranged in an incomplete 2 x 4 factorial design; dietary Ca (0.5 or 1.5%) and dietary strong cations (1.1, 2.1, and 3.1% K or 1.3% Na) were the main effects. Dietary Ca did not significantly affect the incidence of milk fever of the degree of hypocalcemia experienced by the cows. Milk fever occurred in 2 of 20 cows that were fed the prepartum diet containing 1.1% K and 0.12% Na. Increasing dietary K to 2.1 or 3.1% increased the incidence of milk fever to 10 of 20 cows and 11 of 23 cows, respectively. Increasing dietary Na to 1.3% in the diet containing 1.5% Ca induced milk fever in 5 of 8 cows. Addition of strong cations to the prepartum diet increased blood and urine pH and reduced plasma hydroxyproline concentrations, suggesting that bone resorption of Ca is inhibited in cows fed high K or high Na diets as a result of metabolic alkalosis. These data demonstrated that dietary Ca concentration is not a major risk factor for milk fever and that dietary strong cations, especially K, induce metabolic alkalosis in the prepartum dairy cow, which reduces the ability of the cow to maintain Ca homeostasis. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Goff, J P AU - Horst, R L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 176 EP - 186 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Bicarbonates KW - 0 KW - Cations KW - Potassium Compounds KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - potassium bicarbonate KW - HM5Z15LEBN KW - Hydroxyproline KW - RMB44WO89X KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - Cattle KW - Bicarbonates -- adverse effects KW - Bicarbonates -- administration & dosage KW - Potassium Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Urine KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Potassium Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Hydroxyproline -- blood KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cattle Diseases KW - Parturient Paresis -- etiology KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Potassium -- adverse effects KW - Calcium -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium -- administration & dosage KW - Potassium -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78839856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+addition+of+potassium+or+sodium%2C+but+not+calcium%2C+to+prepartum+ratios+on+milk+fever+in+dairy+cows.&rft.au=Goff%2C+J+P%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cholesterol: a two-edged sword in brain aging. AN - 78780066; 8981037 AB - Previous research from several laboratories has indicated that cholesterol (CHO) accumulates in neuronal membranes and alters their structural and signal transduction (ST) properties during aging. The possible reasons for these increases in membrane CHO have not been specified. However, present findings suggest that such accumulation may actually serve to protect neuronal tissue from oxidative damage. Striatal slices (6, 24 month rats) were preincubated in 1 mM CHO (30 min) followed by incubation with H2O2 (10 microM, 30 min). The slices were then either superfused with 30 mM KCl in the presence or absence of 500 microM oxotremorine (Ox), and K(+)-evoked dopamine release (K(+)-ERDA) examined or assessed for carbachol-stimulated low K(m) GTPase activity. The results indicated that CHO incubation prior to H2O2 in either age group was effective in preventing H2O2 reductions in both non-Ox-enhanced K(+)-ERDA and Ox conditions, as well as sodium nitroprusside (SNP 150 microM)-induced decreases in K(+)-ERDA. In addition, H2O2-induced deficits in carbachol-stimulated low K(m) GTPase activity were reduced in the striatal tissue from the old animals pretreated with CHO. However, if the slices were incubated in H2O2 prior to CHO exposure, CHO enhanced the H2O2 effects in the tissue from the old animals. Thus, depending upon the order of exposure, CHO functioned to enhance or retard the effects of oxidative stress, in an age-dependent manner. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Joseph, J A AU - Villalobos-Molinas, R AU - Denisova, N A AU - Erat, S AU - Strain, J AD - USDA-ARS Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 455 EP - 462 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Proteins KW - 0 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Carbachol KW - 8Y164V895Y KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - GTP Phosphohydrolases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Dopamine -- secretion KW - Animals KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Corpus Striatum -- physiology KW - GTP Phosphohydrolases -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Nitric Oxide -- pharmacology KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Carbachol -- pharmacology KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Cholesterol -- physiology KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Cholesterol -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78780066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Cholesterol%3A+a+two-edged+sword+in+brain+aging.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BVillalobos-Molinas%2C+R%3BDenisova%2C+N+A%3BErat%2C+S%3BStrain%2C+J&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in soil taxonomy; a shared heritage AN - 64842213; 250283-12 JF - Mitteilungen der Oesterreichischen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft AU - Arnold, R W AU - Ahrens, R J AU - Engel, R J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 167 EP - 170 PB - Oesterreichische Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft, Vienna VL - 55 SN - 0029-893X, 0029-893X KW - soils KW - classification KW - taxonomy KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64842213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mitteilungen+der+Oesterreichischen+Bodenkundlichen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Trends+in+soil+taxonomy%3B+a+shared+heritage&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W%3BAhrens%2C+R+J%3BEngel%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mitteilungen+der+Oesterreichischen+Bodenkundlichen+Gesellschaft&rft.issn=0029893X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International symposium on Soil system behaviour in time and space N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #52268 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; soils; taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of subsurface drains on runoff losses of metolachlor and trifluralin from Mississippi River Alluvial soil AN - 52707586; 1997-052343 JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Southwick, L M AU - Willis, G H AU - Mercado, O A AU - Bengtson, R L Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 106 EP - 109 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - United States KW - ecosystems KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - East Baton Rouge Parish Louisiana KW - triazines KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - Baton Rouge Louisiana KW - sediments KW - Mississippi River KW - Louisiana KW - trifluralin KW - soils KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - rainfall KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - metolachlor KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - atrazine KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - residence time KW - pesticides KW - Alluvial soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52707586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+subsurface+drains+on+runoff+losses+of+metolachlor+and+trifluralin+from+Mississippi+River+Alluvial+soil&rft.au=Southwick%2C+L+M%3BWillis%2C+G+H%3BMercado%2C+O+A%3BBengtson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(4rb2jbyxcwtb1he1c13ybdmm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100119,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AECTCV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; Alluvial soils; atmospheric precipitation; atrazine; Baton Rouge Louisiana; concentration; detection; drainage; East Baton Rouge Parish Louisiana; ecosystems; herbicides; infiltration; Louisiana; metolachlor; Mississippi River; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; rainfall; residence time; runoff; sediments; soils; toxic materials; transport; triazines; trifluralin; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aquerts and aquertic soils; a querulous proposition AN - 52685711; 1997-068247 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Jacob, J S AU - Griffin, R W AU - Miller, W L AU - Wilding, L P A2 - Vepraskas, M. J. A2 - Sprecher, S. W. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 61 EP - 77 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 50 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Victoria County Texas KW - Vertisols KW - Texas KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - research KW - Jefferson County Texas KW - Aquerts KW - taxonomy KW - pH KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52685711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Aquerts+and+aquertic+soils%3B+a+querulous+proposition&rft.au=Jacob%2C+J+S%3BGriffin%2C+R+W%3BMiller%2C+W+L%3BWilding%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Aquic conditions and hydric soils; the problem soils N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquerts; field studies; Gulf Coastal Plain; Jefferson County Texas; pH; research; soils; taxonomy; Texas; United States; Vertisols; Victoria County Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrology, morphology, and redox potentials in four soils of south central Alaska AN - 52685592; 1997-068250 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Clark, Mark H AU - Ping, Chien-Lu A2 - Vepraskas, M. J. A2 - Sprecher, S. W. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 113 EP - 131 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 50 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - Matanuska Valley KW - Susitna River basin KW - Southern Alaska KW - morphology KW - pressuremeters KW - wetlands KW - tensiometers KW - south-central Alaska KW - Alaska KW - instruments KW - Eh KW - climate KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52685592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Hydrology%2C+morphology%2C+and+redox+potentials+in+four+soils+of+south+central+Alaska&rft.au=Clark%2C+Mark+H%3BPing%2C+Chien-Lu&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Aquic conditions and hydric soils; the problem soils N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; climate; Eh; hydrology; instruments; Matanuska Valley; monitoring; morphology; pressuremeters; soils; south-central Alaska; Southern Alaska; Susitna River basin; tensiometers; United States; water quality; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary geology and geomorphology, northern Henry Mountains region; gravel deposits north of Mount Ellen, Henry Mountains, Utah; part 5 AN - 52632358; 1998-023050 JF - Geology Studies AU - Godfrey, Andrew E A2 - Link, Paul Karl A2 - Kowallis, Bart J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 390 EP - 391 PB - Brigham Young University, Department of Geology, Provo, UT VL - 42, Part 2 SN - 0068-1016, 0068-1016 KW - United States KW - Mount Ellen KW - Henry Mountains KW - Bull Creek KW - stream transport KW - Quaternary KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - water erosion KW - mapping KW - gravel KW - piedmonts KW - Cenozoic KW - benches KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - Utah KW - geomorphology KW - depositional environment KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52632358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+Studies&rft.atitle=Quaternary+geology+and+geomorphology%2C+northern+Henry+Mountains+region%3B+gravel+deposits+north+of+Mount+Ellen%2C+Henry+Mountains%2C+Utah%3B+part+5&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42%2C+Part+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geology+Studies&rft.issn=00681016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BYGSAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - benches; Bull Creek; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; depositional environment; erosion; fluvial features; geomorphology; gravel; Henry Mountains; mapping; Mount Ellen; piedmonts; Quaternary; sediments; stream transport; United States; Utah; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary geology and geomorphology, northern Henry Mountains region; long-term measurements of soil creep rates on Mancos Shale badland slopes; part 3 AN - 52632321; 1998-023048 JF - Geology Studies AU - Godfrey, Andrew E A2 - Link, Paul Karl A2 - Kowallis, Bart J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 386 EP - 387 PB - Brigham Young University, Department of Geology, Provo, UT VL - 42, Part 2 SN - 0068-1016, 0068-1016 KW - United States KW - Henry Mountains KW - erosion KW - Cretaceous KW - slopes KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - erosion rates KW - erosion features KW - Cenozoic KW - movement KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - Quaternary KW - Colorado Plateau KW - Mancos Shale KW - statistical analysis KW - rates KW - Mesozoic KW - creep KW - Utah KW - geomorphology KW - Colorado KW - badlands KW - regression analysis KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52632321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+Studies&rft.atitle=Quaternary+geology+and+geomorphology%2C+northern+Henry+Mountains+region%3B+long-term+measurements+of+soil+creep+rates+on+Mancos+Shale+badland+slopes%3B+part+3&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42%2C+Part+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geology+Studies&rft.issn=00681016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BYGSAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; badlands; Cenozoic; Colorado; Colorado Plateau; creep; Cretaceous; erosion; erosion features; erosion rates; geomorphology; Henry Mountains; Mancos Shale; Mesozoic; movement; Quaternary; rates; regression analysis; slopes; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; United States; Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary geology and geomorphology, northern Henry Mountains region; part 1, Road log AN - 52629841; 1998-023046 JF - Geology Studies AU - Everitt, Benjamin L AU - Godfrey, Andrew E AU - Anderson, Robert S AU - Howard, Alan D A2 - Link, Paul Karl A2 - Kowallis, Bart J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 373 EP - 383 PB - Brigham Young University, Department of Geology, Provo, UT VL - 42, Part 2 SN - 0068-1016, 0068-1016 KW - United States KW - Henry Mountains KW - glaciation KW - erosion KW - Cretaceous KW - guidebook KW - landforms KW - field trips KW - vegetation KW - gravel KW - road log KW - Cenozoic KW - Garfield County Utah KW - sediments KW - Quaternary KW - Fremont River KW - clastic sediments KW - Mancos Shale KW - Wayne County Utah KW - Mesozoic KW - lithofacies KW - boreholes KW - creep KW - Pleistocene KW - alluvium KW - Utah KW - geomorphology KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52629841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+Studies&rft.atitle=Quaternary+geology+and+geomorphology%2C+northern+Henry+Mountains+region%3B+part+1%2C+Road+log&rft.au=Everitt%2C+Benjamin+L%3BGodfrey%2C+Andrew+E%3BAnderson%2C+Robert+S%3BHoward%2C+Alan+D&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42%2C+Part+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geology+Studies&rft.issn=00681016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., strat. cols., sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BYGSAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; boreholes; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; creep; Cretaceous; erosion; field trips; Fremont River; Garfield County Utah; geomorphology; glaciation; gravel; guidebook; Henry Mountains; landforms; lithofacies; Mancos Shale; Mesozoic; Pleistocene; Quaternary; road log; sediments; United States; Utah; vegetation; Wayne County Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary geology and geomorphology, northern Henry Mountains region; wind erosion of Mancos Shale badlands; part 2 AN - 52621932; 1998-023047 JF - Geology Studies AU - Godfrey, Andrew E A2 - Link, Paul Karl A2 - Kowallis, Bart J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 384 EP - 385 PB - Brigham Young University, Department of Geology, Provo, UT VL - 42, Part 2 SN - 0068-1016, 0068-1016 KW - vertical movements KW - United States KW - Henry Mountains KW - erosion KW - Cretaceous KW - Mancos Shale KW - wind erosion KW - erosion features KW - Mesozoic KW - depressions KW - atmospheric pressure KW - Utah KW - geomorphology KW - badlands KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52621932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+Studies&rft.atitle=Quaternary+geology+and+geomorphology%2C+northern+Henry+Mountains+region%3B+wind+erosion+of+Mancos+Shale+badlands%3B+part+2&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42%2C+Part+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geology+Studies&rft.issn=00681016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BYGSAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric pressure; badlands; Cretaceous; depressions; erosion; erosion features; geomorphology; Henry Mountains; Mancos Shale; Mesozoic; United States; Utah; vertical movements; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Middle Holocene aeolian activity on the High Plains of west-central Kansas AN - 52616076; 1998-018811 JF - The Holocene AU - Olson, C G AU - Nettleton, W D AU - Porter, D A AU - Brasher, B R Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 255 EP - 261 PB - Edward Arnold, Sevenoaks VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0959-6836, 0959-6836 KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - spatial distribution KW - radioactive isotopes KW - dates KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - absolute age KW - thickness KW - Great Plains KW - paleosols KW - horizons KW - soils KW - sand KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - Cimarron River KW - Quaternary KW - middle Holocene KW - clastic sediments KW - landform evolution KW - grain size KW - models KW - provenance KW - Kansas KW - west-central Kansas KW - loess KW - Arkansas River valley KW - alluvium KW - C-14 KW - landscapes KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52616076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Holocene&rft.atitle=Middle+Holocene+aeolian+activity+on+the+High+Plains+of+west-central+Kansas&rft.au=Olson%2C+C+G%3BNettleton%2C+W+D%3BPorter%2C+D+A%3BBrasher%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Holocene&rft.issn=09596836&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://hol.sagepub.com/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; alluvium; Arkansas River valley; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; Cimarron River; clastic sediments; dates; grain size; Great Plains; Holocene; horizons; isotopes; Kansas; landform evolution; landscapes; loess; middle Holocene; models; North America; paleoclimatology; paleosols; pedogenesis; provenance; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; sand; sediments; soils; spatial distribution; thickness; United States; west-central Kansas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing salt load in irrigation district drainage water AN - 52519593; 1999-015630 JF - Proceedings - International Association for Hydraulic Research Congress = Congres de l'Association Internationale de Recherches Hydrauliques AU - Ayars, J E AU - Soppe, R W AU - Cone, D AU - Wichelns, D A2 - Holly, Forrest M., Jr. A2 - Alsaffar, Adnan A2 - Findikakis, Angelos N. A2 - Stauffer, Fritz Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 277 EP - 282 PB - [International Association for Hydraulic Research Congress] VL - 27, Theme C KW - United States KW - water quality KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - San Joaquin Valley KW - selenium KW - drainage KW - water management KW - evaporites KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - California KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Kesterson Reservoir KW - salt KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52519593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+International+Association+for+Hydraulic+Research+Congress+%3D+Congres+de+l%27Association+Internationale+de+Recherches+Hydrauliques&rft.atitle=Managing+salt+load+in+irrigation+district+drainage+water&rft.au=Ayars%2C+J+E%3BSoppe%2C+R+W%3BCone%2C+D%3BWichelns%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27%2C+Theme+C&rft.issue=&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+International+Association+for+Hydraulic+Research+Congress+%3D+Congres+de+l%27Association+Internationale+de+Recherches+Hydrauliques&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Water for a changing global community; the 27th congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Published by ASCE for IAHR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PCIRD3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; chemically precipitated rocks; drainage; evaporites; ground water; irrigation; Kesterson Reservoir; salt; San Joaquin Valley; sedimentary rocks; selenium; United States; water management; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land capability classification; the U.S. experience AN - 52243256; 2001-028665 JF - Advances in Geoecology AU - Helms, D A2 - Yaalon, Dan H. A2 - Berkowicz, Simon Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 159 EP - 175 PB - Catena Verl., Cremlingen-Destedt VL - 29 KW - United States KW - soils KW - nomenclature KW - government agencies KW - techniques KW - standardization KW - research KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - history KW - description KW - classification KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52243256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Geoecology&rft.atitle=Land+capability+classification%3B+the+U.S.+experience&rft.au=Helms%2C+D&rft.aulast=Helms&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=3923381409&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Geoecology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04228 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; description; government agencies; history; land use; nomenclature; research; Soil Conservation Service; soil surveys; soils; standardization; surveys; techniques; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic geometry relationships in streams of the Pacific Northwest AN - 51657172; 2005-076818 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Castro, Janine M AU - Peterson, Gary L Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 91 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 40 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - hydraulics KW - Pacific Coast KW - channels KW - streams KW - discharge KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51657172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+geometry+relationships+in+streams+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Castro%2C+Janine+M%3BPeterson%2C+Gary+L&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=Janine&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists 40th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; discharge; hydraulics; Pacific Coast; streams ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assembled notes from the "Friends" Pensauken field trip, May 1949 AN - 51493002; 2007-017728 JF - Guidebook - Annual Reunion of the Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference AU - Flint, R F AU - Stanford, Scott D AU - Witte, Ron W AU - Ashley, Gail M AU - Epstein, Jack B AU - Shaw, Richard K AU - Wright, John Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 PB - University of Maine, Climate Change Institute, Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene, Orono, ME VL - 60 KW - United States KW - lithostratigraphy KW - Quaternary KW - surficial geology KW - field trips KW - weathering KW - Miocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Tertiary KW - Pensauken Formation KW - Neogene KW - sediments KW - stratigraphic units KW - Pliocene KW - unconformities KW - New Jersey KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51493002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guidebook+-+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Northeastern+Friends+of+the+Pleistocene+Field+Conference&rft.atitle=Assembled+notes+from+the+%22Friends%22+Pensauken+field+trip%2C+May+1949&rft.au=Flint%2C+R+F%3BStanford%2C+Scott+D%3BWitte%2C+Ron+W%3BAshley%2C+Gail+M%3BEpstein%2C+Jack+B%3BShaw%2C+Richard+K%3BWright%2C+John&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Guidebook+-+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Northeastern+Friends+of+the+Pleistocene+Field+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/friends/pdf/1997Ledgewood.pdf http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/friends/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - ME N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06645 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; field trips; lithostratigraphy; Miocene; Neogene; New Jersey; Pensauken Formation; Pliocene; Quaternary; sediments; stratigraphic units; surficial geology; Tertiary; unconformities; United States; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey AN - 51492726; 2007-017727 JF - Guidebook - Annual Reunion of the Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference AU - Stanford, Scott D AU - Witte, Ron W AU - Ashley, Gail M AU - Epstein, Jack B AU - Shaw, Richard K AU - Wright, John Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 EP - variously paginated PB - University of Maine, Climate Change Institute, Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene, Orono, ME VL - 60 KW - United States KW - Cenozoic KW - Tertiary KW - northern New Jersey KW - Quaternary KW - Neogene KW - stratigraphic units KW - Pliocene KW - New Jersey KW - paleoclimatology KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51492726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Stanford%2C+Scott+D%3BWitte%2C+Ron+W%3BAshley%2C+Gail+M%3BEpstein%2C+Jack+B%3BShaw%2C+Richard+K%3BWright%2C+John&rft.aulast=Stanford&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Pliocene-Quaternary+geology+of+northern+New+Jersey&rft.title=Pliocene-Quaternary+geology+of+northern+New+Jersey&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/friends/pdf/1997Ledgewood.pdf http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/friends/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - ME N1 - SuppNotes - Individual chapters are cited separately; 60th annual reunion of the Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene, Ledgewood, NJ, May 30-June 1, 1997 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06645 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; Neogene; New Jersey; northern New Jersey; paleoclimatology; Pliocene; Quaternary; stratigraphic units; Tertiary; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SoilView; a soil survey report for today's technology AN - 51281885; 2008-034422 JF - Illinois GIS & Mapnotes AU - D'Avello, Tom AU - McLeese, Robert L Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 23 EP - 26 PB - Illinois University, Illinois GIS Association Center for Governmental Studies, DeKalb, IL VL - 15 IS - Fall KW - soils KW - technology KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - information management KW - data management KW - computer programs KW - geographic information systems KW - information systems KW - SoilView KW - data storage KW - digitization KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51281885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+GIS+%26+Mapnotes&rft.atitle=SoilView%3B+a+soil+survey+report+for+today%27s+technology&rft.au=D%27Avello%2C+Tom%3BMcLeese%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=D%27Avello&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=Fall&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Illinois+GIS+%26+Mapnotes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04388 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; data management; data processing; data storage; digitization; geographic information systems; information management; information systems; mapping; soils; SoilView; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of fish and sediment samples from Mississippi Delta rivers AN - 51044521; 1997-057758 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Pennington, Karrie A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 228 EP - 236 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 27 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - concentration KW - Chordata KW - surface water KW - Mississippi Delta KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - atomic absorption spectra KW - biota KW - bioaccumulation KW - Pisces KW - detection KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - sediments KW - spectra KW - Louisiana KW - Vertebrata KW - pesticides KW - mercury KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51044521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+fish+and+sediment+samples+from+Mississippi+Delta+rivers&rft.au=Pennington%2C+Karrie&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=Karrie&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 27th Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; atomic absorption spectra; bioaccumulation; biota; Chordata; concentration; detection; Louisiana; mercury; metals; Mississippi Delta; pesticides; Pisces; pollution; sediments; spectra; surface water; toxicity; United States; Vertebrata; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Furrow irrigation infiltration with multiple traffic and increased axle mass AN - 26523940; 2001-35-000487 (CE); 0280310 (EN) AB - Pullman clay loam and related soils in the Southern High Plains are slowly to moderately permeable, and furrow wheel traffic reduces irrigation infiltration rates. Traffic effects were evaluated with treatments of one (1) and two (2) furrow passes with relatively light (L) and heavy (H) tractors of 4.1 and 8.2 Mg (9,000 and 18,000 lb) mass, respectively, having 75% of the mass on the rear axle. Treatments are designated L-1, L-2, H-1, and H-2. Both larger tractor mass and repeated traffic increased tillage zone compaction and reduced irrigation infiltration rates and total infiltration. Soil strength (cone penetrometer) from wheel traffic compaction was greatest at the 100 to 150 mm (4 to 6 in.) depth for all treatments, which is near the bottom of the 150 m (6 in.) primary tillage zone. For the first 8-h infiltration test after tillage, using a flowing furrow infiltrometer, the L-1, L-2, H-1, and H-2 treatments reduced average infiltration by 23, 33, 38, and 43%, respectively; compared with 212 mm (8.3 in.) of infiltration for the no-traffic check. Because of furrow surface layer consolidation after the first irrigation, infiltration for all treatments was about 20% less during the second tests about 60 days later. The check infiltrated 171 mm (7.3 in.) and traffic induced infiltration reductions were 16, 23, 28, and 36%, respectively, for L-1, L-2, H-1, and H-2 treatments. A better understanding of variable furrow traffic effects on irrigation infiltration enables producers to improve water application efficiency by using traffic compaction to reduce excessive early season infiltration or by limiting traffic where low infiltration is a concern later in a crop season. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Allen, R R AU - Musick, J T AD - USDA-ARS, Bushland, TX, USA PY - 1997 SP - 49 EP - 53 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Infiltration KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic engineering KW - Furrows KW - Irrigation KW - Compacts KW - Tillage KW - Tractors KW - Axles KW - Wheels KW - Efficiency KW - Crops KW - Loams KW - Clay (material) KW - Surface layer KW - Constraining KW - Measuring instruments KW - Consolidation KW - Magnesium base alloys KW - Article KW - EE 601.2:MACHINE COMPONENTS (EN) KW - EE 663.1:HEAVY DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES KW - EE 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - EE 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26523940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Furrow+irrigation+infiltration+with+multiple+traffic+and+increased+axle+mass&rft.au=Allen%2C+R+R%3BMusick%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractal modeling of airborne laser altimetry data AN - 26516162; 2001-61-001530 (CE); 0293477 (EN) AB - Airborne laser altimetry is a remote sensing technique that can provide high resolution data on the roughness of the landscape both for estimating water balance components and for distinguishing between landscapes. Models of the scale-dependent roughness are needed to find scales most appropriate for these purposes. Our objectives were to apply fractal scaling to high-resolution profiling laser altimetry data and to determine fractal parameters for differentiating land cover. Data were collected at the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range in New Mexico over grass-dominated and shrub-dominated sites along four transects at each site. Scale-dependent root-mean-square (RMS) roughness and data power spectrums were computed from 100,000 data points (approximately 2 km) from each transect. A linearity measure and piecewise linear approximation were applied to find intervals of the fractal scaling. The RMS roughness data had two intervals of self-affine fractal scaling on grass transects and four such intervals on shrub transects. Reduction in the number of data points did not lead to a decrease in roughness but caused a smoothing dependency of fractal dimension on scale. Ten- and hundred-meter scales were appropriate for distinguishing between grass and shrub transects on the basis of fractal dimensions. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Pachepsky, Yakov A AU - Ritchie, Jerry C AU - Gimenez, Daniel AD - USDA ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA PY - 1997 SP - 150 EP - 161 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Roughness KW - Lasers KW - Altimeters KW - Dimensions KW - Airborne sensing KW - Landscapes KW - Remote sensing KW - Grasses KW - Approximation KW - Land KW - Environment KW - Resolution KW - Computation KW - Balances (scales) KW - Article KW - EE 481.1:GEOLOGY (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26516162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Fractal+modeling+of+airborne+laser+altimetry+data&rft.au=Pachepsky%2C+Yakov+A%3BRitchie%2C+Jerry+C%3BGimenez%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Pachepsky&rft.aufirst=Yakov&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating clutch size in wild turkey by eggshell mass AN - 17523726; 4705191 AB - We collected 83 eggs from 15 abandoned nests of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) to derive a standardized estimate of eggshell mass that could be used to estimate clutch size from shell fragment remains of undisturbed successful nests. Dry mass of eggshells varied considerably, especially among nests of different regions. There also was appreciable variation in egg width, length, and shell thickness. Regional variation required a large sample ( greater than or equal to 40 nests) to provide unambiguous estimates of clutch size. Mean eggshell mass obtained from as few as four nests in the same vicinity could be used to provide an objective estimate of clutch size for local populations. JF - Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences AU - Smith, W P AU - McGuiness, J H AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane - Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 30 EP - 35 VL - 60 SN - 0096-9192, 0096-9192 KW - Wild turkey KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Egg shells KW - Meleagris gallopavo KW - Reproduction KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17523726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Louisiana+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Estimating+clutch+size+in+wild+turkey+by+eggshell+mass&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+P%3BMcGuiness%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Louisiana+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00969192&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo; Reproduction; Egg shells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ambient and enhanced UV-B radiation on periphyton in a mountain stream AN - 17211564; 4496677 AB - The influence of UVR was examined on an open and a shaded section of a mountain stream (2,850 m a.s.l.) by comparing periphyton and grazers on clay substrates under four light regimes (UVR blocked and UV-B enhanced treatments and two controls). Neither ambient levels of UVR nor enhanced UV-B appeared to have an adverse impact on periphyton in the shaded section. However, enhanced UV-B in the open section appeared to cause a decline in periphyton biomass and diversity. Diatoms seemed particularly susceptible as 28 species were absent from the UV-B enhanced treatment but were present 2 m downstream in the control. Tube-dwelling diatoms were only present at UV-B enhanced treatments (shade and open). Hydrurus foetidus (cells embedded in mucopolysaccharide) was relatively rare at all sites except the UV-B enhanced treatment in the open where it was the dominant alga. Periphyton may use mucopolysaccharide to diminish harmful UV-B effects. Grazer densities in the UV-B enhanced sites were similar to controls and treatments blocking UVR. The results suggest that potential UV-B increases due to thinning of the ozone layer could have direct adverse effects on the periphyton assemblage in open sections of high elevation streams. JF - J. Freshwat. Ecol. AU - Rader, R B AU - Belish, T A AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Range and Forest Experiment Station 222 South 22nd Street, Laramie, WY 82070 USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 615 EP - 628 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Algae KW - Baetis tricaudatus KW - Chironomus KW - Glossosoma KW - Rhithrogena KW - USA, Colorado, West Saint Louis Creek KW - climatic changes KW - lotic environment KW - primary production KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - USA, Colorado KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Hydrurus foetidus KW - Periphyton KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17211564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Freshwat.+Ecol.&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ambient+and+enhanced+UV-B+radiation+on+periphyton+in+a+mountain+stream&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B%3BBelish%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+Freshwat.+Ecol.&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ultraviolet radiation; Periphyton; Bacillariophyceae; Hydrurus foetidus; USA, Colorado; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host plant influences on sex pheromone behavior of phytophagous insects AN - 17209610; 4494887 AB - The sexual behavior of phytophagous insects is often integrated in a variety of ways with their host plants. This integration may be manifested as effects or influences of host plants on insect physiology and behavior, including sex pheromone communication, that reflect strategies by insects to optimize mating and reproduction. Certain insects sequester or otherwise acquire host plant compounds and use them as sex pheromones or sex pheromone precursors. Other insects produce or release sex pheromones in response to particular host plant cues. Chemicals from host plants often synergize or otherwise enhance insect responses to sex pheromones. By these means, host plants may be used by insects to regulate or mediate sexual communication. For many species of insects, host plant influences on insect sex pheromone communication may be important aspects of the formation of feeding and mating aggregations, of insect strategies to locate both hosts and mates, of behavioral reproductive isolation among sibling species, and of the regulation of reproduction to coincide with the availability of food and oviposition sites. Knowledge of these relationships is critical to understanding many different areas of the behavioral ecology of plant-feeding insects. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Landolt, P J AU - Phillips, T W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Station, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, Washington 98915, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 371 EP - 391 VL - 42 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Insects KW - insects KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Sex pheromone KW - Sexual behavior KW - Host plants KW - Reviews KW - Insecta KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17209610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+plant+influences+on+sex+pheromone+behavior+of+phytophagous+insects&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BPhillips%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Host plants; Reviews; Sex pheromone; Sexual behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Entomopoxviruses of grasshoppers and locusts: Biology and biological control potential AN - 17129463; 4430987 AB - Entomopoxviruses (EPVs) are insect poxviruses that are often found infecting grasshoppers and locusts. Nearly 15 grasshopper and locust EPVs have been reported in the literature. This review describes our current knowledge of the biology of grasshopper and locust EPVs including virus ultrastructure, host range, production in cell culture, pathology, process of infection, epizootiology, and field evaluations of the viruses to assess their potential as biological control agents. The most extensively studied has been the Melanoplus sanguinipes EPV (MsEPV). Trypsin-like protease activity has been identified in association with MsEPV occlusion bodies but its importance in the infection process is not known. Mortality from MsEPV has been found to occur in two distinct time frames over 6 weeks or longer. MsEPV is also the only grasshopper EPV that has been grown in vitro and been shown to produce virus that is both infectious and virulent to M. sanguinipes. Horizontal transmission of grasshopper EPVs is apparently by consumption of infected cadavers. Field evaluations of MsEPV at an application rate of 1 X 10 super(10) occlusion bodies per hectare resulted in a 23% prevalence after 13 days despite a considerable amount of dispersal of grasshoppers between plots. Epizootiological studies of EPVs will continue to be an area requiring additional research. Virus production and a limited host range are the two most critical issues affecting the development of EPVs as microbial control agents. JF - Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada AU - Streett, DA AU - Woods, SA AU - Erlandson, MA AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Insect Management Unit, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, Mississippi. 38776 USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 115 EP - 130 VL - 171 SN - 0071-075X, 0071-075X KW - biological control KW - entomopoxvirus KW - pathogenicity KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Melanoplus sanguinipes KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - Entomopoxvirus KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17129463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Entomopoxviruses+of+grasshoppers+and+locusts%3A+Biology+and+biological+control+potential&rft.au=Streett%2C+DA%3BWoods%2C+SA%3BErlandson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Streett&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Entomopoxvirus; Melanoplus sanguinipes; Orthoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swine wastewater treatment by media filtration AN - 17126086; 4430592 AB - A media filter was constructed to treat swine wastewater after anaerobic lagoon treatment. The media filter consisted of a tank (1.5-m-diameter x 0.6-m-height) filled with marl gravel. The marl gravel had a carbonate content of 300 g kg super(-1). Gravel particle size distributions were 85 and 14% in the 4.7- to 12.7-mm and 12.7- to 19-mm size classes, respectively. Pore space of the filtration unit was 57%. Wastewater flow rate was 606 L m super(-2) d super(-1), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) load was 198 g m super(-2) d super(-1). The media filter removed 54% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) content after one cycle, but increased cycling did not produce additional COD reduction. Total suspended solids (TSS) removal after one cycle was 50% of initial levels, and additional cycling reduced TSS levels at a much lower rate of 7% per cycle. Removal efficiencies for total phosphorus (TP) ranged from 37% to 52% (one to four cycles), but long-term phosphorus removal would be limited by the sorption capacity of the gravel. Up to 24% of TKN was converted to nitrate-plus-nitrite-N (NO sub(3)+NO sub(2)-N). Effluents with high NO sub(3)+NO sub(2)-N levels can be treated further for denitrification with constructed wetlands or anaerobic lagoon. This is important in cases where land is limited for wastewater application. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food AU - Szoegi, A A AU - Humenik, F J AU - Rice, J M AU - Hunt, P G AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 831 EP - 843 VL - 32B IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - chemical oxygen demand KW - denitrification KW - filtration KW - phosphorus KW - pigs KW - swine KW - wastewater treatment KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Filter media KW - Gravel KW - Phosphorus KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Flow rates KW - Phosphorus removal KW - Filtration KW - Denitrification KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - A 01105:Non-patents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17126086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food&rft.atitle=Swine+wastewater+treatment+by+media+filtration&rft.au=Szoegi%2C+A+A%3BHumenik%2C+F+J%3BRice%2C+J+M%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Szoegi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=32B&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phosphorus removal; Filtration; Denitrification; Phosphorus; Chemical oxygen demand; Wastewater treatment; Filter media; Gravel; Flow rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Entomophaga grylli (Fresenius) Batko species complex: Its biology, ecology, and use for biological control of pest grasshoppers AN - 17122525; 4430993 AB - The biology, ecology, disease etiology, and biological control potential of different members of the Entomophaga grylli species complex are discussed. This complex is represented by several pathotypes that include members that produce both conidia and resting spores within a single season, and members that produce only resting spores. This complex is known as a major pathogen of acridids from most areas of the world where populations of these insects are found, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Pathogens from this species complex commonly cause disease epizootics in their host populations and are known to reduce significantly outbreaks of grasshoppers, particularly following periods of rain or high humidity. Specific factors that either limit or enhance disease processes and host mortality are discussed in relation to both epizootiology and biological control programmes. Recent biological control efforts are discussed and the potential of using members of the E. grylli species complex in both augmentation and introduction programmes is considered. JF - Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada AU - Carruthers, R I AU - Ramos, ME AU - Larkin, T S AU - Hostetter, D L AU - Soper, R S AD - USDA-ARS-NPS, Building 005, Room 220, Beltsville Agriculture Research Centre - West, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705 USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 329 EP - 353 VL - 171 SN - 0071-075X, 0071-075X KW - Benin KW - biological control KW - pathogenicity KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - Entomophaga grylli KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17122525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Entomophaga+grylli+%28Fresenius%29+Batko+species+complex%3A+Its+biology%2C+ecology%2C+and+use+for+biological+control+of+pest+grasshoppers&rft.au=Carruthers%2C+R+I%3BRamos%2C+ME%3BLarkin%2C+T+S%3BHostetter%2C+D+L%3BSoper%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Entomophaga grylli; Orthoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal patterns of cadaver persistence and sporulation by the fungal pathogen Entomophaga grylli (Fresenius) Batko (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) infecting Camnula pellucida (Scudder) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 17121315; 4430994 AB - Entomophaga grylli (Fresenius) Batko (North American pathotype 1) is a fungal pathogen of the clearwinged grasshopper, Camnula pellucida (Scudder). We present results from a field experiment conducted in Arizona in 1984, designed to investigate factors associated with seasonal patterns of cadaver persistence and sporulation by E. grylli. Rangeland plots at two sites were monitored daily for 8 weeks for the appearance of new cadavers of diseased grasshoppers during a natural epizootic. Cadavers were individually marked and revisited on subsequent days, when it was noted whether or not conidial sporulation was underway. Environmental variables were recorded by electronic data loggers. Daily probabilities of cadaver disappearance and fungal sporulation were analysed in relation to site, date, and various measures of cadaver status, sporulation history, and environmental variables by logistic regression analysis. The average daily rate of cadaver disappearance was 0.22, yielding an expected time to 50% disappearance of 2.8 days. The environmental factor most significantly associated with cadaver disappearance was rainfall, and the most important host factor was age of the cadaver. The probability that conidia would be discharged from a cadaver over the next 24 h was most dependent on whether or not conidial sporulation was underway already. This probably reflects a state of readiness for sporulation on the part of the fungus. Although the probability of sporulation declined with increasing age of a cadaver, high rates of sporulation were predicted under conditions of prolonged leaf wetness and high humidity at night, regardless of age of the cadaver. These results, together with the observation that in some cadavers sequences of sporulation were interspersed with periods of no sporulation, suggest that E. grylli may undergo cycles of dehydration and rehydration, in which conidial production is interrupted and then resumes in response to changing environmental conditions. JF - Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada AU - Sawyer, A J AU - Ramos, ME AU - Poprawski, T J AU - Soper, R S AU - Carruthers, R I AD - USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Hawaii Plant Protection Center, PO Box 1040, Waimanalo, Hawaii, USA 96795 Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 355 EP - 374 VL - 171 SN - 0071-075X, 0071-075X KW - USA, Arizona KW - biological control KW - pathogenicity KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Camnula pellucida KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - Entomophaga grylli KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17121315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Seasonal+patterns+of+cadaver+persistence+and+sporulation+by+the+fungal+pathogen+Entomophaga+grylli+%28Fresenius%29+Batko+%28Entomophthorales%3A+Entomophthoraceae%29+infecting+Camnula+pellucida+%28Scudder%29+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Sawyer%2C+A+J%3BRamos%2C+ME%3BPoprawski%2C+T+J%3BSoper%2C+R+S%3BCarruthers%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Camnula pellucida; Entomophaga grylli; Orthoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processes controlling sediment yield from watersheds as functions of spatial scale AN - 16560711; 4406807 AB - The need for estimates of sediment yield are ubiquitous throughout water resources analyses, modelling, and engineering as sediment is a major pollutant, a transporter of pollutants, and sedimentation rates and amounts determine the performance and life of reservoirs, canals, drainage channels, harbors, and other downstream structures and improvements. Moreover, as a 'watershed wide' measure of soil erosion, transport, and deposition, sediment yield reflects the characteristics of a watershed, its history, development, use, and management. The major factors and processes controlling sediment yield from watersheds are described and discussed in the context of spatial scale. Historical sediment yield data from selected watersheds across a range of scales are used to illustrate variations of sediment yield with watershed scale. Generalized relationships between sediment yield and drainage area from the USA and Australia are used to show the statistical variations of sediment yield with watershed area. Area is shown to be an important predictor variable which usually, but not always, is correlated with sediment yield. Experimental data from a small experimental watershed are used in a case study to illustrate processes controlling sediment yield. The case study summarizes and interprets simulation model studies using experimental field data from measurements distributed across a range of scales. Information presented here should help guide the conceptual development of sediment yield models and their mathematical formulation. It should also be useful in design and implementation of spatially distributed verification and validation studies. JF - Environmental Modelling & Software with Environment Data News AU - Lane, L J AU - Hernandez, M AU - Nichols, M AD - USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center and University of Arizona, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 355 EP - 369 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Australia KW - USA KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Statistical analysis KW - Water resources KW - River basins KW - Soil erosion KW - Watersheds KW - Erosion KW - Pollutants KW - Catchment areas KW - Sediment yield KW - Sediment transport KW - Sedimentation KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software+with+Environment+Data+News&rft.atitle=Processes+controlling+sediment+yield+from+watersheds+as+functions+of+spatial+scale&rft.au=Lane%2C+L+J%3BHernandez%2C+M%3BNichols%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software+with+Environment+Data+News&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Pollutants; Pollution dispersion; Statistical analysis; Water resources; Sediment transport; River basins; Soil erosion; Sedimentation; Watersheds; Catchment areas; Sediment yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The physical risks of reforestation as a strategy to offset global climate change AN - 16504870; 4410484 AB - Assessment of physical risks is important with respect to costs and carbon yields from tree planting. Plantation losses were estimated for the Southern U.S. Commercial timber harvests are the principal cause of losses. Excluding harvesting losses, the annual survival rate is 98.4 percent. Wildfire, insects, and inclement weather are not major factors; diseases are the leading cause of mortality, but affect only a small number of plantations. JF - CRIT. REV. ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL. AU - Moulton, R J AU - Kelly, J F AD - USDA Forest Service Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - S245 EP - S257 VL - 27 SN - 1064-3389, 1064-3389 KW - USA, Southern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16504870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRIT.+REV.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+TECHNOL.&rft.atitle=The+physical+risks+of+reforestation+as+a+strategy+to+offset+global+climate+change&rft.au=Moulton%2C+R+J%3BKelly%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Moulton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CRIT.+REV.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+TECHNOL.&rft.issn=10643389&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Economics of carbon sequestration in forestry. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Profile of bacterial genera associated with cotton from low endotoxin and high endotoxin growing regions AN - 16499796; 4397429 AB - A survey method is presented for the unbiased sampling and identification of bacterial species. The method utilizes a randomized selection process and the MIDI Microbial identification System (MIS) which uses whole cell fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography rather than relying on colonial growth morphology and conventional biochemical testing. Approximately 1093 bacterial isolates were made and identified from cotton. The method uncovers a greater diversity of bacterial species from cotton than has hitherto been reported. In California, the bulk of bacterial species consisted of Bacillus spp.; and in Mississippi and Texas regions cottons, the bulk of bacterial species consisted of Pseudomonas spp. No significant differences between populations were observed in the nonsticky, moderately sticky and sticky cottons. A Gram-index concept is introduced which relates the "Gram-reaction character" of a cotton growing region. JF - ANN. AGRIC. ENVIRON. MED. AU - Chun, DTW AU - Perkins, HH Jr AD - Cotton Qual. Res. Stn., USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 792, Clemson, SC 29633, USA, dtwchun@clemson.campus.mci.net Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 233 EP - 242 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16499796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANN.+AGRIC.+ENVIRON.+MED.&rft.atitle=Profile+of+bacterial+genera+associated+with+cotton+from+low+endotoxin+and+high+endotoxin+growing+regions&rft.au=Chun%2C+DTW%3BPerkins%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Chun&rft.aufirst=DTW&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ANN.+AGRIC.+ENVIRON.+MED.&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution status of a representative site in the Czech Republic Brdy Mountains AN - 16460325; 4357823 AB - To analyze air quality and deposition over a forest site in the Czech Republic, a cooperative study was implemented in July 1993 within the Brdy Mountains. Weekly average concentration measurements of SO sub(2), SO sub(4) super(-2), NO sub(3) super(-), NH sub(4) super(+), and HNO sub(3) were made at the Brdy Mountains during the periods 2 July, 1993 to 2 December, 1994 and 2 June, 1995 to 9 September, 1995. The annual concentration of SO sub(4) super(-2), 3.9 plus or minus 1.6 mu g m super(-3), was two times higher compared to other regional measurements. A local source of SO sub(2) may be a contributing factor. The annual concentration of NH sub(4) super(+), 1.5 plus or minus 0.6 mu g m super(-3), is lower than anticipated by a modeling study of European sources. Dry deposition of SO sub(4) super(-2) and NO sub(3) super(-) was calculated by combining measured concentrations with modeled deposition velocity based on in-situ meteorological measurements. The inferred, seasonally weighted, average annual deposition during the study period was 324 kg km super(-2) for SO sub(4) super(-2) and 115 kg km super(-2) for NO sub(3) super(-). Ozone concentrations during an abbreviated period of July 1994 averaged 57 ppb and did not vary diurnally, indicating regional anthropogenic precursors for the photochemical generation of O sub(3). JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Zeller, K AU - Cerny, M AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Smith, L AU - Sestak, M AU - Michalec, M AU - Pernegr, V AU - Kucera, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 240 W Prospect Rd., Ft. Collins, CO 80526-2098 USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 291 EP - 297 VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Czech Rep., Brdy Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16460325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+status+of+a+representative+site+in+the+Czech+Republic+Brdy+Mountains&rft.au=Zeller%2C+K%3BCerny%2C+M%3BBytnerowicz%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+L%3BSestak%2C+M%3BMichalec%2C+M%3BPernegr%2C+V%3BKucera%2C+J&rft.aulast=Zeller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution and climate change effects on forests in central and eastern Europe. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildfire in Russian boreal forests - potential impacts of fire regime characteristics on emissions and global carbon balance estimates AN - 16459717; 4357825 AB - Most of the research about the effects of the release of carbon and other chemicals to the atmosphere during forest fires focuses on emissions from crown fires or slash fires in which a high percentage of the fine fuels are burned. However, in many temperate and boreal conifer ecosystems, surface fires of varying intensities and severities are an important part of the fire regime. In Russia a large percentage of the area burned in a typical year is in surface fires, which will result in lower carbon emissions than crown fires because of lower fuel consumption. In Russian boreal forest, different distribution patterns of fire severity across the landscape could produce fourfold differences in carbon release. Furthermore, tree mortality after surface fires is often quite extensive, leading to a pulse in carbon release as needles and other fine fuels fall to the ground and decompose. With extensive tree mortality, a decrease in carbon sequestration is expected for several years, until stand level photosynthesis returns to prefire levels. Perhaps the largest potential source of error in estimates of carbon release from biomass fires in Russia is inaccuracy in estimates of burned area. Many published estimates of annual burned area in Russia may be extremely low. On the basis of information on fire return intervals and area of boreal forest, 12 million ha per year may be a reasonable conservative estimate of burned area until better data are available. Based on this estimate, direct and indirect fire-generated carbon emissions from boreal forests worldwide may exceed 20% of the estimated global emissions from biomass burning, making them an important component in understanding global atmospheric chemistry. In considering effects of fire on global atmospheric chemistry, it is important to include the effects of fire severity, postfire mortality, decomposition of fine fuels, and changing postfire vegetation structure as components of fire-induced changes in ecosystem-level carbon flux. But the most important factor may be accurate information on the annual area burned. Levels of carbon storage are likely to be highly sensitive to changes in fire return intervals that result from direct human activities and from climatic changes, making accurate assessments of burned areas and fire severity critical. Strong fire management programs will be key to managing future fire regimes and carbon cycling in Russia's boreal forest. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Conard, S G AU - Ivanova, G A AD - USDA Forest Service, Vegetation Management and Protection Research, 201 14th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 305 EP - 313 VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Russia KW - wildfire KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16459717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Wildfire+in+Russian+boreal+forests+-+potential+impacts+of+fire+regime+characteristics+on+emissions+and+global+carbon+balance+estimates&rft.au=Conard%2C+S+G%3BIvanova%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution and climate change effects on forests in central and eastern Europe. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution status of the Bulgarian Govedartsi ecosystem AN - 16459566; 4357822 AB - Coniferous forests cover one-third of Bulgaria's forest ecosystems and occupy 31% of the country's total area. Forests in general are considered vulnerable to air pollutants in the form of dry and wet pollution deposition. The Bulgarian Govedartsi ecosystem study site, Ovnarsko No. 3, was established in 1991 to: (1) determine the existing status of remote forest site air quality: and (2) address potential air pollution problems related to coniferous forests. The site (1600 m) is located on the south slope of the Govedartsi Valley in the northwestern part of the Rila Mountain area. The Rila are the highest mountains (peak 2925 m) in the Balkan peninsula and are representative of rural forested conditions in that part of Europe. There are no anthropogenic air pollution sources for at least 30 km in all directions. The dominant tree species surrounding the study site include Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Macedonia pine (Pinus peuce), black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.), Norway spruce (Picca abies Karst.), white fir Abies alba Mill.), beech Fagus sylvatica L.), and several oak species (i.e. Quercus petraea Liebl, Q. pubescens Willd., Q. conferta Kit., Q. cerris L., and Q. robur). Multi-day average ambient concentrations of nitrate and sulfate were measured using a filter-pack technique. Data for 27 multi-day periods between October 1991 and 1994 have been collected and 24 are reported in this study. Annual acidic aerosol dry deposition values are estimated at: 154 kg km super(-2) for sulfate (SO sub(4) super(2-)) and 28 kg km super(-2) for nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)). Ozone (O sub(3)) concentrations were measured from late spring to summer in 1994 and 1995. No high O sub(3) concentration episodes were detected, and maximum hourly O sub(3) concentrations rarely exceeded 55 ppb. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Zeller, K AU - Donev, E AU - Bojinov, H AU - Nikolov, N AD - Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 W Prospect Rd., Ft. Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 281 EP - 289 VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Bulgaria KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16459566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+status+of+the+Bulgarian+Govedartsi+ecosystem&rft.au=Zeller%2C+K%3BDonev%2C+E%3BBojinov%2C+H%3BNikolov%2C+N&rft.aulast=Zeller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution and climate change effects on forests in central and eastern Europe. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment production from forest roads in the Oregon Coast Range AN - 1645570378; 2015-002816 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Black, Tom AU - Luce, Charles AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 78 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - soils KW - forests KW - experimental studies KW - slopes KW - human activity KW - sedimentation KW - vegetation KW - Oregon KW - loam KW - Coast Ranges KW - runoff KW - sediments KW - construction KW - roads KW - land use KW - design KW - sediment traps KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1645570378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Sediment+production+from+forest+roads+in+the+Oregon+Coast+Range&rft.au=Black%2C+Tom%3BLuce%2C+Charles%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292324-9250 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1997 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-01-15 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coast Ranges; construction; design; experimental studies; forests; human activity; land use; loam; Oregon; roads; runoff; sediment traps; sedimentation; sediments; slopes; soils; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustainable agriculture and the use of energy and other purchased inputs AN - 16455337; 4357843 AB - An important issue with regard to the overall effectiveness of conservation tillage practices in reducing the impact of agricultural production on the environment concerns what happens to energy, pesticide and fertilizer use as these practices are more extensively adopted. To gain some insight into this, the conservation tillage adoption decision is modelled. Starting with the assumption that the conservation tillage adoption decision is a two-step procedure - the first is the decision whether or not to adopt a conservation tillage production system and the second is the decision on the extent to which conservation tillage should be used - appropriate models of the Cragg and Heckman (dominance) type are estimated. Based on farm-level data on corn production in the United States for 1987, the profile of a farm on which conservation tillage was adopted is that the cropland had above average slope and experienced above average rainfall, the farm was a cash grain enterprise, and it had an above average expenditure on pesticides and a below average expenditure on energy and a below average expenditure on custom pesticide applications. Additionally, for a farm adopting a no tillage production practice, an above average expenditure was made on fertilizer. JF - International Journal of Global Energy Issues AU - Uri, N D AD - Natural Resources and Environment Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 299 EP - 315 VL - 9 IS - 4-6 SN - 0954-7118, 0954-7118 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16455337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Global+Energy+Issues&rft.atitle=Sustainable+agriculture+and+the+use+of+energy+and+other+purchased+inputs&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Global+Energy+Issues&rft.issn=09547118&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Energy, environment and sustainable development. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining soil and water sodicity from electrode measurements AN - 16434722; 4330650 AB - A method is presented for estimating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the saturated soil-paste extract from three electrode measurements made directly in the saturated soil-paste. An analogous method is presented for the determination of the SAR of extracts and solutions solely from electrode measurements made in the extract or solution. Both methods are carried out without the use of pH and ionic strength buffers. The methods were tested on a widespread range of salt-affected soils and their extracts; they are deemed suitable for field applications in the diagnosis, screening, and classification of sodic soils and waters. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Manteghi, NA AU - Lesch, S M AU - Slovacek, D C AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1737 EP - 1765 VL - 28 IS - 19-20 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16434722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Determining+soil+and+water+sodicity+from+electrode+measurements&rft.au=Rhoades%2C+J+D%3BManteghi%2C+NA%3BLesch%2C+S+M%3BSlovacek%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Rhoades&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=19-20&rft.spage=1737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing effects of mitigation strategies for global climate change with an intertemporal model of the U.S. forest and agriculture sectors AN - 16419422; 4320927 AB - A model of product and land markets in U.S. forest and agricultural sectors is used to examine the private forest management, land use, and market implications of carbon sequestration policies implemented in a "least social cost" fashion. Results suggest: policy-induced land use changes may generate compensating land use shifts through markets; land use shifts to meet policy targets need not be permanent; implementation of land use and management changes in a smooth or regular fashion over time may not be optimal; land use changes account for the largest part of adjustments to meet policy targets; and forest management changes involve higher intensity and less forest type conversion. JF - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology AU - Alig, R AU - Adams, D AU - McCarl, B AU - Callaway, J M AU - Winnett, S AD - USDA Forest Serv., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - S97 EP - S111 VL - 27 SN - 1064-3389, 1064-3389 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16419422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Assessing+effects+of+mitigation+strategies+for+global+climate+change+with+an+intertemporal+model+of+the+U.S.+forest+and+agriculture+sectors&rft.au=Alig%2C+R%3BAdams%2C+D%3BMcCarl%2C+B%3BCallaway%2C+J+M%3BWinnett%2C+S&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=10643389&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Economics of carbon sequestration in forestry. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of feeding by two folivorous arthropods on susceptibility of hybrid poplar clones to a foliar pathogen AN - 16399694; 4309263 AB - We investigated variation in folivore-induced effects on subsequent plant suitability to a foliar pathogen. We used a leaf disk assay to expose three clones of hybrid poplar, NC11382, NE332 and NM6, to colonization by a leaf spot pathogen, Septoria musiva. Undamaged leaf disks of NE332 were the most resistant to S. musiva, followed by NM6 and NC11382, respectively. To test the effects of prior herbivory on subsequent susceptibility to this fungal pathogen, we inoculated S. musiva on leaf disks taken from leaves which had been exposed to feeding by Tetranychus mites or cottonwood leaf beetles. Prior activity by mites and cottonwood leaf beetle affected the subsequent susceptibility of clones NC11382 and NE332 to S. musiva. JF - Great Lakes Entomologist AU - Klepzig, K D AU - Robison, D J AU - Smalley, E B AU - Raffa, K F AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 99 EP - 104 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0090-0222, 0090-0222 KW - Acari KW - Coleoptera KW - clones KW - feeding KW - feeding experiments KW - pathogens KW - pest attack KW - pest control KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16399694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Effects+of+feeding+by+two+folivorous+arthropods+on+susceptibility+of+hybrid+poplar+clones+to+a+foliar+pathogen&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D%3BRobison%2C+D+J%3BSmalley%2C+E+B%3BRaffa%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.issn=00900222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attack behavior and host utilization of Aphthona chinchihi (Col.: Chrysomelidae), a potential biological control agent of Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae, leafy spurge) in North America AN - 16396087; 4307005 AB - Aphthona chinchihi Chen was collected in China feeding on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Studies were conducted on its host specificity in the laboratory, using field collected adults and their progeny. Aphthona chinchihi can effectively complement the impact of the other natural enemies of leafy spurge established from Europe in the U.S.A. and Canada. The adults feed on leaves and shoots and the larvae, which cause the main damage to the plant, feed on the hypogeous portion of the plant, seriously stressing the plant and preventing its vegetative spread. The host range of A. chinchihi was studied with tests on adult feeding and oviposition, larval survival and host suitability, using 40 plant species or varieties distributed in 12 families. The experiments demonstrated that it has a high level of specificity. This flea beetle completed its life cycle only on leafy spurge. Also, because of its ecological valence, A. chinchihi has a very good potential as a biocontrol agent in North America. JF - Entomophaga AU - Fornasari, L AD - European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, B.P. 4168, Agropolis II, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 605 EP - 617 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Attack+behavior+and+host+utilization+of+Aphthona+chinchihi+%28Col.%3A+Chrysomelidae%29%2C+a+potential+biological+control+agent+of+Euphorbia+esula+%28Euphorbiaceae%2C+leafy+spurge%29+in+North+America&rft.au=Fornasari%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fornasari&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing furrow irrigation erosion with polyacrylamide (PAM) AN - 16364750; 4296852 AB - Irrigated cropping is a critical component of global agricultural production. Surface irrigation - most of it furrow irrigation - accounts for >60% of Earth's 600 million irrigated acres. Erosion threatens irrigation's ability to maintain its 2X average yield advantage and 3X value over rainfed agriculture, with serious environmental and food security consequences to the burgeoning human population. Furrow irrigation-induced erosion is nearly halted by small additions of water-soluble polyacrylamide (PAM) to irrigation water. PAM is an environmentally safe flocculent used extensively in municipal water treatment, paper manufacturing, food processing, and other sensitive applications. On freshly cultivated furrows, 1 lb/acre of PAM applied at 10 ppm in irrigation water before runoff began (only), reduced sediment loss in runoff 94% and increased net water infiltration 15% in 3 yr of Idaho tests on silt loam soils. Irrigation return-flow quality was improved by PAM-use, greatly reducing sediment losses, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total P, and various pesticides. Polyacrylamide products are now registered in most western states and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published a PAM-use practice standard. Cost sharing is available in some locales. In 1995 about 50 000 acres of furrow-irrigated land used PAM, halting as much as 1 million tons of soil erosion in the first year. Farmers see PAM-use as an attractive alternative to more difficult conservation practices. The typically $15 to $35/acre per crop costs are partially or entirely retrieved by crop responses or savings in erosion-related field operations and water conservation. Pam-use in irrigation is expected to expand rapidly in 1996. JF - Journal of Production Agriculture AU - Sojka, R E AU - Lentz, R D AD - USDA-ARS Northwest Irrig. and Soils Res. Lab., 3793N-3600E Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 47 EP - 52 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0890-8524, 0890-8524 KW - polyacrylamide KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16364750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Production+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Reducing+furrow+irrigation+erosion+with+polyacrylamide+%28PAM%29&rft.au=Sojka%2C+R+E%3BLentz%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Sojka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Production+Agriculture&rft.issn=08908524&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blueberry scorch carlavirus eliminated from infected blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) by heat therapy and apical meristem culture AN - 16343962; 4266283 AB - The incidence of aphid-transmitted blueberry scorch carlavirus (BBSCV) has been increasing in recent years through the blueberry production areas of Oregon and Washington (1). Several infected plants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and removed from the blueberry germ plasm collection at the USDA /ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, OR. A virus-free replacement was not available from other sources for one of the infected cultivars. Plants of a highbush blueberry cultivar (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Gem'), infected with BBSCV, were grown at temperatures alternating every 4 h between 30 and 38 degree C. After 16 or 58 days of heat therapy, apical shoot tips were removed and meristems ranging in size from 0.2 to 1.0 mm were dissected and grown in vitro. Eight plants were successfully regenerated from these meristems: five from shoots that had been heat treated for 16 days and three from shoots heat treated for 58 days. These eight plants were tested for BBSCV by ELISA during the first growing season, and again after growth resumed following winter dormancy. All eight plants consistently tested negative for the virus and Gem is now among the 400 virus-tested Vaccinium clones available at NCGR Corvallis. This is the first report of the successful elimination of BBSCV from infected blueberry plants. JF - Plant Disease AU - Postman, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 111 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Oregon KW - USA, Washington KW - apical KW - heat treatments KW - meristem tip culture KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22187:Control & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16343962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Blueberry+scorch+carlavirus+eliminated+from+infected+blueberry+%28Vaccinium+corymbosum%29+by+heat+therapy+and+apical+meristem+culture&rft.au=Postman%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hurricane Andrew damage in relation to wood decay fungi and insects in bottomland hardwoods of the Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana AN - 16335253; 4266150 AB - Hurricane Andrew caused damage to more than 780 sq. km of bottomland hardwood and cypress-tupelo forests in the Atchafalaya Basin of Louisiana in August 1992. Trees in bottomland hardwood sites were examined, in early May 1994, for signs and symptoms of wood decay fungi, and for insect damage, ostensibly present before the hurricane, which may have predisposed trees to windthrow or breaks in the bole or top. Three sites with severe wind damage and three sites with minor wind damage were studied along the path of the hurricane. Surveying for wood decay fungi and insects on trees, and evaluating damage to crowns, stems, and roots was done on 25-m diameter point-sample plots. Evidence of wood decay fungi and insects, or the damage they cause, was rare at all sites, in part because of flooding during the evaluation, so that predisposition to wind damage by these agents was not established. Crown damage rating classes and d.b.h. classes were positively correlated for sites with severe wind damage indicating that larger diameter trees were more susceptible to wind damage than smaller diameter trees. Chinese tallow, swamp cottonwood, pumpkin ash, American sycamore, and swamp dogwood showed greater wind damage on sites with severe wind damage than other species. JF - Journal of Coastal Research AU - Leininger, T D AU - Wilson, AD AU - Lester, D G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Southern Hardwoods Lab., P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1290 EP - 1293 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0749-0208, 0749-0208 KW - Hurricane Andrew KW - USA, Louisiana, Atchafalaya Basin KW - biodegradation KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - environmental impact KW - fungi KW - hardwood forests KW - hurricanes KW - wetlands KW - wood KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Ecological effects KW - Forests KW - Wetlands KW - Marine KW - Damage KW - USA, Louisiana, Atchafalaya R. KW - Fungi KW - Environmental impact KW - River basins KW - Insects KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Hurricanes KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16335253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Hurricane+Andrew+damage+in+relation+to+wood+decay+fungi+and+insects+in+bottomland+hardwoods+of+the+Atchafalaya+Basin%2C+Louisiana&rft.au=Leininger%2C+T+D%3BWilson%2C+AD%3BLester%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Leininger&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.issn=07490208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Damage; Fungi; Environmental impact; Forests; Wetlands; River basins; Ecosystem disturbance; Insects; Ecological effects; USA, Louisiana, Atchafalaya R.; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal variation of gas exchange and pigmentation in branches of three grafted clones of mature ponderosa pine exposed to ozone and acid rain AN - 16330063; 4258876 AB - Gas exchange and pigmentation responses of mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) branches to ozone and acid rain exposure were investigated using three grafted clones growing in a managed seed orchard. Exposure of one-year-old foliage to twice ambient ozone (2 x AMB) resulted in significant decreases in net photosynthesis (P sub(n)), stomatal conductance (g sub(sw)) and pigmentation relative to charcoal-filtered (CF) and ambient (AMB) ozone treatments. Ozone effects on gas exchange and pigmentation were most pronounced during late-season and differed significantly among clones. Environmental parameters (e.g. light, vapor pressure deficit, and temperature) accounted for more variation in P sub(n) than did cumulative ozone exposure. Minimal differences in g sub(sw) and P sub(n) among ozone treatments occurred during seasonal periods of high temperature and evaporative demand. Negative effects of 2 x AMB ozone on g sub(sw) and pigmentation were greatest for the clones having highest and lowest phenotypic vigor under ambient conditions; the clone of moderate phenotypic vigor under ambient conditions was least sensitive to ozone. Application of simulated acid rain of pH 3.0, pH 5.1 or no rain (NR) had little impact on gas exchange or pigmentation. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Anderson, P D AU - Houpis, JLJ AU - Helms, JA AU - Momen, B AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rhinelander, WI, USA, pdanders@newnorth.net Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 253 EP - 263 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - clones KW - gas exchange KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16330063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variation+of+gas+exchange+and+pigmentation+in+branches+of+three+grafted+clones+of+mature+ponderosa+pine+exposed+to+ozone+and+acid+rain&rft.au=Anderson%2C+P+D%3BHoupis%2C+JLJ%3BHelms%2C+JA%3BMomen%2C+B&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildlife conservation and ecosystem health in the interior Columbia River basin AN - 16321108; 4254149 AB - In July 1993, President Clinton directed the USDA Forest Service (FS) to develop a strategy for the management of forests east of the Cascade Crest in Oregon and Washington. A year later, the Director of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Chief of the Forest Service extended the area under consideration to include the Upper Columbia River Basin, e.g., Idaho, Montana west of the continental divide, and northern portions of Utah and Nevada - in essence, the Interior Columbia River Basin (Basin) south of the Canadian border. Wildlife conservation within the Basin was to be guided by a scientifically sound and ecosystem-based strategy, to restore and maintain habitat needs of plant and animal species by moving toward desired landscape conditions on a broad basis and explore whether current management practices and habitat trends are consistent with long-term maintenance of ecosystem health. In August 1996, an interagency working group was established to continue the evaluation of the status of terrestrial vertebrate species within the Basin that began with the work of Lehmkuhl et al. (1996) and Marcot et al. (in preparation). The goals were, first, to identify species in need of conservation action to meet legal and requirements. Second, given the lack of habitat and other natural history for many species, refine the species habitat information that had been organized Marcot et al. (in preparation) in the species environmental relations database. Third, characterize distribution and abundance of habitats for species and determine whether such habitats may serve as "sources" of individuals or "sinks" where populations may be expected to decline without regular immigration (Brawn and Robinson 1996). Fourth, spatially identify opportunities for wildlife habitat restoration across the Basin. The working group in this effort takes advantage of extensive broad-scale information gathered within the Basin. This paper compares the three major paradigms in natural resource conservation and theft respective relation to wildlife conservation and ecosystem health. Further, it provides an overview of changed ecological conditions within the Basin and addresses two questions. What are specific wildlife conservation actions and opportunities at the regional scale? And, what lessons can be learned from integrating wildlife conservation with overall strategies for ecosystem health at the regional scale? JF - Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference AU - Samson, F B AU - Eames, MA AU - Holthausen, R S AU - Lee, D C AU - Murphy, W AU - Newhouse, DA AU - Rich, T D AU - Sands, A R AU - Wales, B AU - Wisdom, MJ AD - USDA Forest Serv., Missoula, MT, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 479 EP - 489 SN - 0078-1355, 0078-1355 KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Wildlife management KW - Ecosystems KW - Ecosystem resilience KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - River basins KW - Freshwater KW - Environmental protection KW - Nature conservation KW - Environment management KW - River basin management KW - Forestry KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+North+American+Wildlife+and+Natural+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Wildlife+conservation+and+ecosystem+health+in+the+interior+Columbia+River+basin&rft.au=Samson%2C+F+B%3BEames%2C+MA%3BHolthausen%2C+R+S%3BLee%2C+D+C%3BMurphy%2C+W%3BNewhouse%2C+DA%3BRich%2C+T+D%3BSands%2C+A+R%3BWales%2C+B%3BWisdom%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+North+American+Wildlife+and+Natural+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00781355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystems; Ecosystem resilience; Nature conservation; River basins; River basin management; Environment management; Environmental protection; Wildlife management; Forestry; USA, Columbia R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon partitioning in cotton and soybean crops in southern US under climate change conditions AN - 16318817; 4254740 AB - The increase in CO sub(2) concentration and predicted global warming associated with climate change will have a substantial impact on agricultural production. Carbon partitioning between shoots and roots is essential for both carbon sequestration in soil and for aboveground biomass production. The objective of this paper was to estimate environmental effects on the carbon partitioning in cotton and soybean crops in the U.S. Cotton Belt and in the southern soybean producing region of the USA. We downscaled climate change projections of the GFDL and the UKMO global circulation models to provide replicated daily weather variables needed in the comprehensive crop simulators GLYCIM and CALGOS. Crop development was simulated in fifty-five locations on three soils of different texture. Simulated changes in carbon partitioning had well-defined spatial patterns both in soybean and in cotton in the Southern US. These patterns were definitely affected by the soil on which a crop was simulated. Climate change did not significantly affect the proportion the carbon allocated to roots in soybeans but increased the proportion of carbon allocated to roots in cotton. The changes in partitioning may have implications in long term soil quality changes and in crop management practices. JF - World Resource Review AU - Reddy, V R AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Marani, A AD - Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., USDA-ARS, Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 359 EP - 371 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16318817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Carbon+partitioning+in+cotton+and+soybean+crops+in+southern+US+under+climate+change+conditions&rft.au=Reddy%2C+V+R%3BPachepsky%2C+YA%3BMarani%2C+A&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of brown-rot decay: Paradigm or paradox AN - 16306472; 4248498 AB - Interest in understanding how brown-rot fungi degrade wood has received increasing attention in recent years because of a need to identify novel targets that can be inhibited for the next generation of antifungal wood preservatives. Brown-rot fungi are unique in that they can degrade holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) in wood without first removing the lignin. Furthermore, they degrade holocellulose in an unusual manner, causing a rapid decrease in degree of polymerization at low weight loss. Despite increased research effort, the mechanism of brown-rot decay remains unclear. Furthermore, this research has not pointed to biochemical targets for inhibition and development of new wood preservatives. In reviewing the brown-rot literature, it became apparent that many beliefs about brown-rot decomposition of wood are based more on traction or conjecture than on facts. In some cases, these misconceptions have become near dogma. They cloud our understanding of brown-rot decay and as a result may contribute to a misdirection of research efforts. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify and clarify some of these misconceptions. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Green, F III AU - Highley, T L AD - Forest Products Lab., USDA Forest Serv., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 113 EP - 124 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - biodegradation KW - brown rot KW - cellulose KW - decay KW - hemicellulose KW - wood KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16306472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+brown-rot+decay%3A+Paradigm+or+paradox&rft.au=Green%2C+F+III%3BHighley%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Biodegradation of wood. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term effects of ambient and enhanced UV-B on moss (Fontinalis neomexicana) in a mountain stream AN - 16299948; 4236257 AB - The influence of UV-B radiation on Fontinalis neomexicana was examined, by comparing the growth of moss under four light regimes (90% PAR-ambient UV radiation, UV-B enhanced treatment, and two controls) applied to both an open and a shaded section of West Saint Louis Creek (2,850 m a.s.l.). Clear Plexiglas shields and FS 40 sunlamps were used to block UVR or enhance UV-B irradiance. Sunlamps increased UV-B irradiance above ambient levels by an average of 15% during clear skies and 40% under cloudy conditions. This increase was equivalent to 428.7 Einst/m super(2)-day in the open and 136.7 Einst/m super(2)-day in the shade. After 70 days, enhanced levels of UV-B had no effects on the growth of F.neomexicana in the shade. However, moss in the enhanced treatment in the open had a lower biomass (19.57 mg cm super(-2)) than moss growing under ambient conditions (28.47 mg cm super(-2)). It was not possible to conclusively determine the effects of ambient levels of UV radiation (UVR) on F.neomexicana. It is, however, worth noting that clouds reduced the potential maximum amount of solar radiation striking the stream bottom from 7 hrs to an average of 3.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs per day in the open and to approx. 45 min to 20 min per day in the shade (sunflecks). The results suggest that a 15% to 40% increase in UV-B may have a harmful impact on this moss. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Rader, R B AU - Belish, T A AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Range and Forest Experiment Station, 222 South 22nd Street, Laramie, WY 82070, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 395 EP - 403 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - aquatic plants KW - electromagnetic radiation KW - lotic environment KW - primary production KW - solar radiation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Fontinalis neomexicana KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - USA, Colorado, Saint Louis Creek KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16299948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Short-term+effects+of+ambient+and+enhanced+UV-B+on+moss+%28Fontinalis+neomexicana%29+in+a+mountain+stream&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B%3BBelish%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ultraviolet radiation; Fontinalis neomexicana; USA, Colorado, Saint Louis Creek; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pentanoic acid attracts Olcella parva (Adams) (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Colorado corn fields AN - 16284834; 4288971 AB - As part of a study of attractants for western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) adults, short-chain free fatty acids were placed on yellow sticky traps in a Colorado corn field. Olcella parva (Adams) were attracted to traps baited with 10 or 100 mg pentanoic acid. Hexanoic acid (10 and 100 mg) and propanoic acid (100 mg) were also significantly attractive, but significantly less so than pentanoic acid (propanoic acid was also significantly less attractive than hexanoic acid). Other fatty acids tested (heptanoic, octanoic, and nonanoic acids) were not attractive. Male/female O. parva ratios were 2/17 and 0/17 on traps baited with hexanoic and pentanoic acid respectively. These results are different from those of a similar study in Michigan that found hexanoic acid more attractive than pentanoic acid and reported nearly 5 times more males than females on traps baited with hexanoic acid. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Hibbard, B E AU - Jewett, D K AU - Bjostad, L B AD - USDA-ARS, 101 Curtis Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 67 EP - 69 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Chloropid flies KW - Diptera KW - USA, Colorado KW - attractancy KW - biological control KW - kairomones KW - maize KW - pentanoic acid KW - traps KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16284834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Pentanoic+acid+attracts+Olcella+parva+%28Adams%29+%28Diptera%3A+Chloropidae%29+in+Colorado+corn+fields&rft.au=Hibbard%2C+B+E%3BJewett%2C+D+K%3BBjostad%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Hibbard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Queen rearing suppression in the honey bee - Evidence for a fecundity signal AN - 16281809; 4288987 AB - Previous studies have shown that a pheromone produced in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queen's mandibular glands suppresses the rearing of new queens. The present studies investigated the existence of an as-yet unidentified, brood-associated signal that acts in conjunction with the queen's mandibular pheromone to suppress queen rearing. When we manipulated the levels of synthetic queen mandibular gland pheromone (QMP) and young brood in queenless colonies, there was a 50% reduction in the number of queen cells reared compared to colonies receiving QMP alone. In a second experiment, colonies containing eggs and young larvae but no QMP reared on average only one queen cell after 24 h, while colonies containing older larvae reared four queen cells, suggesting that combs with younger brood were the source of the second signal. In a third experiment, we attempted to induce queen rearing in the presence of the queen by removing eggs and young larvae in colonies with healthy queens. Six of nine brood-manipulated colonies initiated queen cells, compared with only one of nine colonies receiving a sham manipulation. The results from this experiment suggest that a decline in the brood signal initiated queen supersedure in honey bee colonies. Results from all three experiments clearly demonstrate the existence of a "fecundity" signal that acts with QMP to suppress queen rearing. JF - Insectes Sociaux AU - Pettis, J S AU - Higo, HA AU - Pankiw, T AU - Winston, M L AD - USDA-ARS Bee Res. Lab. Bldg. 476, BARC-E, Belstville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 311 EP - 322 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0020-1812, 0020-1812 KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Hymenoptera KW - Stingless bees KW - fecundity KW - pheromones KW - queens KW - reproductive behavior KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16281809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.atitle=Queen+rearing+suppression+in+the+honey+bee+-+Evidence+for+a+fecundity+signal&rft.au=Pettis%2C+J+S%3BHigo%2C+HA%3BPankiw%2C+T%3BWinston%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Pettis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.issn=00201812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cheek pouch capacities and loading rates of heteromyid rodents AN - 16280272; 4291293 AB - Rodents of the family Heteromyidae are proficient gatherers and hoarders of seeds. A major component of their adaptive specialization for harvesting and transporting seeds is their spacious, fur-lined cheek pouches. Precise measurements of cheek pouch capacities are essential if ecologists are to understand the foraging ecology, possible constraints on locomotion patterns, and competitive relationships of heteromyid rodents. To measure the size of these cheek pouches and the rate at which animals load seeds into their pouches during seed harvest, we attracted 56 individuals representing ten species of heteromyid rodents to bait stations in the field and allowed them to fill their cheek pouches with seeds several times while we observed and timed the events with the aid of night-vision equipment. The largest load taken by each individual was used as an estimate of its cheek pouch capacity. At the end of observations, each subject was captured and its mass and other data gathered. The allometric relationship between cheek pouch capacity and body mass for ten species of heteromyids was significant [pouch capacity (ml) = 0.148 body mass (g) super(0.992), r super(2)=0.91, P<0.0001]. The regression coefficient is \approx 1.0, which indicates that the volume of the cheek pouches scales in direct proportion to body size. When the data were subdivided into quadrupeds (Perognathus and Chaetodipus) and bipeds (Dipodomys) (n=5 for each), the relationships between pouch capacity and body mass were significant, but the two regressions were not significantly different from each other. When all loads (full and partial) were considered, subjects filled their cheek pouches an average of 93 plus or minus 10% of pouch capacity (n=185). Cheek pouch capacities from published studies of artificially filled pouches of heteromyids in the laboratory averaged about 40% below the field measurements obtained here. The allometric relationship between mean loading rate and body mass was also significant [seeds/s=1.067 bodymass (g) super(0.830), r super(2)=0.85,P=0.0011), but when quadrupeds and bipeds were considered separately, the relationships were not significant. Seed densities and bulk densities were used to calculate packing coefficients for seed species, which, when used in conjunction with the allometric relationship between cheek pouch capacity and body size, can be used to estimate the maximum load carried by a heteromyid. Except for the very largest kangaroo rat species, a full pouch load of Indian ricegrass seeds represents less than the daily energy requirements of an active heteromyid. JF - Oecologia AU - Vander Wall, SB AU - Longland, W S AU - Pyare, S AU - Veech, JA AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 21 EP - 28 VL - 113 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Heteromyid rodents KW - foraging behavior KW - granivory KW - hoarding behavior KW - seeds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Cheek+pouch+capacities+and+loading+rates+of+heteromyid+rodents&rft.au=Vander+Wall%2C+SB%3BLongland%2C+W+S%3BPyare%2C+S%3BVeech%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Vander+Wall&rft.aufirst=SB&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of atrazine positive and false positive immunoassay detections in ground water AN - 16265328; 4249396 AB - False positive responses on an atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) immunoassay kit were investigated to explain possible causes for these occurrences. Ground water samples were evaluated with the immunoassay kit and positive responses (> 0.20 mu g L super(-1)) were confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Non-confirming samples (false positives) were analyzed for seven additional compounds on GC. Resulting GC/MS and GC analyses showed that 70% of the false positives could be attributed to two compounds. Prometon (6-methoxy-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was responsible for the majority (64%) of the false positive responses. The atrazine metabolite, deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), was responsible for the other 6% of the false positives measured. Unattributed false positives (30%) were probably due to an overestimation of pesticide concentrations in the kit's lower detection range. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PT. B: PESTIC., FOOD CONTAM., AGRIC. WASTES AU - Watts, D W AU - Novak, J F AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 659 EP - 671 VL - 32B IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Analytical techniques KW - atrazine KW - immunoassay KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Metabolites KW - Water analysis KW - Gas chromatography KW - Pollution detection KW - Immunoprecipitation KW - Herbicides KW - Pollutant identification KW - Pollution surveys KW - Atrazine KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Immunoassays KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16265328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PT.+B%3A+PESTIC.%2C+FOOD+CONTAM.%2C+AGRIC.+WASTES&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+atrazine+positive+and+false+positive+immunoassay+detections+in+ground+water&rft.au=Watts%2C+D+W%3BNovak%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=32B&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PT.+B%3A+PESTIC.%2C+FOOD+CONTAM.%2C+AGRIC.+WASTES&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution detection; Gas chromatography; Immunoprecipitation; Groundwater pollution; Metabolites; Herbicides; Pollutant identification; Water analysis; Immunoassays; Pollution surveys; Atrazine; Mass spectrometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wetland feeding site use by White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) breeding in coastal South Carolina AN - 16261214; 4247886 AB - We monitored the activity of radiotagged adult White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) breeding at a coastal colony site on Pumpkinseed Island, Georgetown County, SC, during 3 breeding seasons. A total of 11 nesting adults (4 each in 1987 and 1988, and 3 in 1989) wearing backpack radiotelemetry units were monitored from the ground and from fixed-wing aircraft. Ibises caring for prefledged young concentrated their foraging efforts in swamps, abandoned rice fields, impoundments, and ponds (15 such sites were used totaling 76% of all observations of radiotagged ibises), ranging from 4 to 32 km from the colony site. Saltmarshes 2 to 5 km from the colony site were visited less often by parental ibises (4 such sites were used by 4 ibises, totaling 25% of all observations). Adult ibises fed primarily crayfishes and fishes to their prefledged young. After their young fledged, or their nests failed, ibises ceased visits to abandoned rice fields, decreased visits to freshwater swamps, and doubled their relative use of saltmarsh feeding habitat. The estimated cost of traveling to freshwater feeding sites could be 1.5 to 13.5 times greater than that of traveling to the saltmarsh feeding sites. The use of non-saltmarsh habitats during chick rearing suggests that the prey available at saltmarsh sites, primarily fiddler crabs (Uca spp.), are a less preferred prey for prefledgling ibises. JF - Colonial Waterbirds AU - nDe Santo, TL AU - Johnston, J W AU - Bildstein, K L AD - U.S.D.A. Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0738-6028, 0738-6028 KW - Habitat KW - White ibis KW - feeding behavior KW - parental behavior KW - salt marshes KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - ANW, USA, South Carolina, Pumpkinseed I. KW - Eudocimus albus KW - Uca KW - Brackish KW - Parental behaviour KW - Prey selection KW - Freshwater KW - Procambarus KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Salt marshes KW - Wetlands KW - Aquatic birds KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Y 25446:Birds KW - D 04671:Birds KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q1 08364:Reproduction and development KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16261214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Wetland+feeding+site+use+by+White+Ibises+%28Eudocimus+albus%29+breeding+in+coastal+South+Carolina&rft.au=nDe+Santo%2C+TL%3BJohnston%2C+J+W%3BBildstein%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=nDe+Santo&rft.aufirst=TL&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.issn=07386028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salt marshes; Feeding behaviour; Prey selection; Parental behaviour; Wetlands; Aquatic birds; Uca; Eudocimus albus; Procambarus; ANW, USA, South Carolina, Pumpkinseed I.; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Making sense of the interactions between groundwater and streamflow: Lessons for water masters and adjudicators AN - 16258071; 4254100 AB - The effects of groundwater pumping on streamflow are hydrologic issues that often are poorly understood in law. In some states, as illustrated with an Arizona example, different laws govern surface-and groundwater. In reality, however, surface-and groundwater form one continuum and conflicts can arise when different parties use both. How groundwater pumping affects streams depends on the depth to groundwater and whether or not the stream bottom is covered with fine sediment or organic deposits that control seepage. Using the hydrologic concept of capture, we present the basic quantitative aspects of stream-aquifer interactions in four case examples. More quantitative refinements and regional aspects can be achieved with computer models that can closely simulate specific regional or basin-wide systems. Once the broader concepts are sufficiently understood, integrated water management schemes can be developed that best resolve conflicts between users of surface-and groundwater while protecting third parties, such as public and environmental interests. An underlying principle of these schemes should be the balance between the desire for good scientific results and the economic reality of securing such results. We recommend steps to achieve that balance. JF - Rivers AU - Bouwer, H AU - Maddock, T III AD - U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 19 EP - 31 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0898-8048, 0898-8048 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Water resources KW - Streamflow KW - Freshwater KW - Stream flow KW - Water use KW - Surface-groundwater relations KW - Water management KW - Legal aspects KW - Water rights KW - Ground water KW - USA, Arizona KW - Groundwater mining KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16258071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rivers&rft.atitle=Making+sense+of+the+interactions+between+groundwater+and+streamflow%3A+Lessons+for+water+masters+and+adjudicators&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+H%3BMaddock%2C+T+III&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rivers&rft.issn=08988048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Water use; Water management; Legal aspects; Water rights; Ground water; Water resources; Stream flow; Surface-groundwater relations; Streamflow; Groundwater mining; USA, Arizona; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strains of Rhizobium fredii effectively nodulate and efficiently fix nitrogen with Medicago sativa and Glycine max AN - 16257203; 4237945 AB - Effective nodulation of and efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation with alfalfa by strains of Rhizobium fredii, the fast-growing soybean microsymbiont, is herein reported. This discovery has broad implications for host specificity research and strain improvement. Effective nodulation of Egyptian alfalfa cultivar 'Giza 4' by R. fredii type strain USDA 205 was observed and deemed anomalous yet intriguing since nodulation of alfalfa by R. fredii had not been previously reported. To investigate this anomaly, twenty-two strains of R. fredii, including the eleven strains first isolated fifteen years ago from east central provinces of China, and three strains of R. meliloti were evaluated for symbiotic capabilities with 'ARC' alfalfa, a standard improved cultivar of Medicago sativa. Efficient nitrogen-fixing symbioses were formed by R. fredii USDA strains 201, 208, 209 and 214 with this cultivar and four other USDA strains of R. fredii, including the type strain USDA 205, formed inefficient nodules. The former strains produced high nodule numbers and high plant dry weights under conditions of nil combined nitrogen, and strains 201, 208 and 214 exhibited symbiotic nitrogen fixation activities comparable to those of R. meliloti, the long-recognized nitrogen-fixing microsymbiont of alfalfa. R. fredii strains efficiency nodulating both soybean and alfalfa were confirmed by megaplasmid DNA content, by reinfection of both hosts, and by DNA RFLP. JF - Symbiosis AU - Hashem, F M AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - El-Fadly, G AU - Devine, TE AD - USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 255 EP - 264 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0334-5114, 0334-5114 KW - Alfalfa KW - host specificity KW - nitrogen fixation KW - nodulation KW - symbionts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16257203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Symbiosis&rft.atitle=Strains+of+Rhizobium+fredii+effectively+nodulate+and+efficiently+fix+nitrogen+with+Medicago+sativa+and+Glycine+max&rft.au=Hashem%2C+F+M%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D%3BEl-Fadly%2C+G%3BDevine%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Hashem&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Symbiosis&rft.issn=03345114&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Tifway 2 bermudagrass to fresh or composted broiler litter containing boric acid-treated paper bedding AN - 16256677; 4238566 AB - Recycled paper treated with boric acid (BA) is gaining acceptance as bedding in broiler production houses. Applying this litter, or compost made from this litter, to turf raises an issue of boron (B) toxicity. There is also the question of nitrogen (N) availability from composts made from borated paper and broiler manure. The objective of this study was to determine if broiler house litter containing recycled BA-treated paper poses a toxicity hazard to bermudagrass turf (Cynodon dactylon L. pers x C. Transvaalensis, Burtt-Davis) when applied at agronomic N rates. The effects of five N sources at rates equivalent to 224,448, and 896 kg N/ha in a factorial arrangement plus an unfertilized control and a high nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) treatment with B at 22 kg B/ha on bermudagrass were determined in pot culture during the summer of 1992. The five NPKB sources were (M1) compost made from broiler manure, BA-treated paper and yard refuse; (M2) fresh broiler manure with BA paper bedding; (M3) fresh broiler manure with pine shavings bedding; (M4) inorganic NPK; and (M5) inorganic NPK and BA. The soil was Cecil sandy clay loam subsoil. Top growth was harvested four times at 4 cm height with tops, roots, and stubble harvested at the fifth and final harvest. Composted litter was higher in water content and lower in NPK and B than fresh litter. As a result, over four times the mass had to be applied to achieve the desired N inputs. Boron concentrations in M1 on a dry matter basis were 290, M2=390, M3=52 mg B/kg, respectively. The NPK gave highest yields and compost (M1) gave the lowest yields. The risk of B toxicity to Tifway 2 bermudagrass from compost or manure containing BA-treated paper is minimal if N rates are in the agronomic utilization range. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Wilkinson AD - Southern Piedmont Conserv. Res. Cent., USDA, ARS, 1420 Experiment Stn. Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 259 EP - 279 VL - 28 IS - 3-5 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16256677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Response+of+Tifway+2+bermudagrass+to+fresh+or+composted+broiler+litter+containing+boric+acid-treated+paper+bedding&rft.au=Wilkinson&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3-5&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) reproduction and behavior on Scotch pine Christmas trees taken indoors AN - 16251275; 4227988 AB - Tomicus piniperda, the pine shoot beetle, is an exotic insect that was first found in North America in 1992. A federal quarantine currently restricts movement of pine products, including Christmas trees, from infested to uninfested counties. We conducted a study to determine if T. piniperda would reproduce in Christmas trees that were cut and taken indoors during the Christmas season. Twelve Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris, Christmas trees infested with overwintering T. piniperda beetles were cut in Indiana in early December 1993 and taken to Michigan. Four trees were dissected immediately, while the other 8 trees were taken indoors, placed in tree stands, and watered regularly. After 4 weeks indoors, 4 trees were dissected, and the other 4 were placed outdoors in Michigan for 7 weeks. Upon dissection, all overwintering sites occurred along the lower trunk within the first 40 cm of the soil line; 81% were found within 10 cm of the soil line. Adults collected from the 4 trees dissected in December produced viable progeny adults when placed on Scotch pine logs in the laboratory. Overwintering beetles became active and laid eggs in 4 of the 8 trees that had been taken indoors. All adults and progeny found in the 4 trees that had been placed outdoors for 7 weeks during cold January and February temperatures were dead. Overall, T. piniperda can become active and breed in Christmas trees that are cut and taken indoors in December. Tomicus piniperda survival in trees that are discarded outdoors at the end of the Christmas season will depend largely on the prevailing temperatures. JF - Great Lakes Entomologist AU - Haack, R A AU - Lawrence, R K AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., 1407 S. Harrison Rd., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 19 EP - 32 VL - 30 IS - 1-2 SN - 0090-0222, 0090-0222 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Engraver beetles KW - Scotch pine KW - Timber beetles KW - reproduction KW - survival KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Tomicus+piniperda+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+reproduction+and+behavior+on+Scotch+pine+Christmas+trees+taken+indoors&rft.au=Haack%2C+R+A%3BLawrence%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Haack&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.issn=00900222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of immune responses to a GroEL heat shock protein in preventing brucellosis in mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 16244810; 4232991 AB - Resistance to infection with virulent Brucella abortus strain 2308 and antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses to a recombinant 60 kDa B. abortus GroEL heat shock protein were measured in mice vaccinated with attenuated B. abortus strain RB51. Mice at 12-20 weeks after vaccination with 5 x 10 super(8) colony forming units (CFU) of strain RB51 had increased resistance to infection with strain 2308 and increased antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses to GroEL following challenge infection with 2308. However, these mice at 12-20 weeks after vaccination did not have greater resistance to infection than mice vaccinated with 5 x 10 super(6) CFU of strain RB51, which had no increased antibody or lymphocyte proliferative response to GroEL. These results indicate that mice vaccinated with strain RB51 can have antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to GroEL during infection with virulent strain 2308, although neither response appeared to have an essential role in vaccine-induced immunity to brucellosis. JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Pugh, G W AU - Mayfield, JE AD - Brucellosis Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 147 EP - 153 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - Brucella abortus KW - GroEL protein KW - brucellosis KW - heat shock proteins KW - mice KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Role+of+immune+responses+to+a+GroEL+heat+shock+protein+in+preventing+brucellosis+in+mice+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPugh%2C+G+W%3BMayfield%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site preparation alters soil distribution of roots and ectomycorrhizae on outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir AN - 16244729; 4228318 AB - This report documents root and ectomycorrhizal development on container-produced (1-0), outplanted, western white pine and Douglas-fir seedlings growing in site-prepared forest soils typical of the Inland Northwestern US. The following site preparations were used: 1) mounding organic and surface mineral horizons; 2) mounding with subsequent physical removal or chemical control of competing vegetation; 3) scalping to reduce competing vegetation; and, 4) a control or no post-harvest disturbance. Treatments were applied on relatively harsh and moderate sites in northern Idaho. Most ectomycorrhizae on the seedling population were found in the mineral substrates that dominated planting sites. However, compared to mineral substrates, highest seedling ectomycorrhizal tip counts were recorded in organic matter, particularly decayed wood or mixtures containing decayed wood. Strong ectomycorrhizal development was characteristic of western white pine. It supported highest ectomycorrhizal activity in organic substrates on the harshest treatments (scalps). Douglas-fir showed even stronger relative increases of ectomycorrhizae in organic substrates on harsh treatments. Three of the four common ectomycorrhizal morphological types were concentrated in mineral substrates with all treatments. A treatment-induced change of behavior was shown by the principal pine type. It occurred at highest numbers in organic substrates of the mound with competing vegetation treatment and in mineral substrates with the control. If relative availability to seedling roots was considered, organics (especially decomposed wood) were generally equal or superior to mineral substrates for supporting ectomycorrhizal activity on planted seedlings. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Harvey, A E AU - Page-Dumroese, D S AU - Jurgensen, M F AU - Graham, R T AU - Tonn, J R AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 107 EP - 117 VL - 188 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Douglas fir KW - Douglas spruce KW - Idaho white pine KW - Mountain white pine KW - Oregon pine KW - Red fir KW - Silver pine KW - USA, Idaho KW - Western white pine KW - ectomycorrhizas KW - forest management KW - forests KW - roots KW - soil microorganisms KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - D 04700:Management KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Site+preparation+alters+soil+distribution+of+roots+and+ectomycorrhizae+on+outplanted+western+white+pine+and+Douglas-fir&rft.au=Harvey%2C+A+E%3BPage-Dumroese%2C+D+S%3BJurgensen%2C+M+F%3BGraham%2C+R+T%3BTonn%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The non-abundant nutrient (NAN) concept as a determinant of predator-prey fitness AN - 16243894; 4228235 AB - We applied the non-abundant nutrient concept (NAN), an off-shoot from the ecological concept known as Liebig's "law of the minimum" or the concept of "limiting factors", to explain why certain predators are well fitted while others are poorly fitted to their prey. The generalist predators Geocoris punctipes (Say) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and the specialist predator of whiteflies Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were compared, nutritionally, to determine their relative propensities for predation on Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) eggs, silverleaf whitefly nymphs Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Using two prey content parameters, biomass (measured as dry weight) and methionine (the least abundant protein amino acid in all three prey species), we made estimates of how many of the various kinds of prey would need to be consumed to satisfy each predator's growth requirements to reach the adult stage. From this information and observations regarding developmental periods, prey handling times, extraction efficiencies and conversion efficiencies, we developed a daily time budget for each predator feeding on each of the three types of prey. The number of prey and the time required to satisfy the methionine requirement were generally much greater than the numbers and time required for meeting biomass requirements. Of the three species of predators, only S. parcesetosum could survive and reproduce within a reasonable time budget with whiteflies ass prey. Cotton aphids also appeared to be a marginal prey with respect to methionine content. JF - Entomophaga AU - Cohen, A C AU - Brummett, D L AD - USDA, ARS, WCRL 4135 E. Broadway Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 85 EP - 91 VL - 42 IS - 1-2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Beetles KW - Scale insects KW - Treehoppers KW - Whiteflies KW - fitness KW - nutrients KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=The+non-abundant+nutrient+%28NAN%29+concept+as+a+determinant+of+predator-prey+fitness&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A+C%3BBrummett%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Kentucky-31 tall fescue to broiler litter and composts made from broiler litter AN - 16217198; 4275138 AB - Recycled paper treated with boric acid (BA) is gaining acceptance as bedding in broiler houses. Applying this litter to Kentucky 31 (K-31) tall fescue, Festuca Arundinacea Shreb, pastures raises the issue of potential boron (B) toxicity. There is also the question of nitrogen (N) availability from composts made with borated paper and broiler manure. The effect of five N sources at 224, 448, and 896 kg N/ha in a factorial arrangement plus an unfertilized control and high nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) + additional boron at 45 kg B/ha on growth and NPKB uptake of K-31 tall fescue was determined in a greenhouse during the spring of 1992. The five N sources were (1) inorganic salts, (2) compost made from hen manure, broiler manure, rescue hay and bark (M1), (3) fresh broiler litter (M2), (4) compost made from broiler manure and borated paper bedding (M3), (5) compost from hen manure, oak leaves, broiler litter (M4). The soil was Cecil sandy clay loam subsoil. Six harvests were made at 4-cm cutting heights for determination of dry matter, N, P, K, and B uptake in tops, stubble, roots, and residue. Relative yield response of M2 was 65% of that from inorganic NPK, whereas the yield of the three composts was 22-30% of that from inorganic NPK. Industry efforts to reduce the amount of boric acid used in the treatment of recycled paper, the high mobility of B in humid areas, the apparent ability of K-31 tall fescue to tolerate massive quantities of compost and high rates of B application suggest that the application of the broiler litter from houses where BA-treated recycled paper is used as bedding would be environmentally safe at application rates based on N requirements of K-31 tall fescue. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Wilkinson AD - Southern Piedmont Conserv. Res. Cent., USDA, ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 281 EP - 299 VL - 28 IS - 3-5 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Response+of+Kentucky-31+tall+fescue+to+broiler+litter+and+composts+made+from+broiler+litter&rft.au=Wilkinson&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3-5&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating losses of efficacy due to pesticide biodegradation in soil model simulations AN - 16123252; 297910 AB - A model was developed for describing rates of pesticide-substrate biodegradation, accounting for bioavailability and microbial growth. The model was used to simulate losses of efficacy for soil-applied pesticides. The model requires rate constants for rapid sorption-desorption to and from soil surfaces (k sub(1)/k sub(-1) identical with K sub(d1)); diffusion into and out of soil aggregates-organic matter particles (k sub(2)/k sub(-2) identical with K sub(d2)); microbial growth [yield (Y), maximum growth rate ( mu sub(max)), half-saturation growth constant (K sub(s)), and initial biomass concentration (X sub(0))]; initial mass of substrate (S sub(0)); and gravimetric water content ( theta sub(g)). Simulations of microbial growth and substrate depletion were conducted assuming no sorption (aqueous solution), sorption to soil surfaces only, and sorption in conjunction with diffusion. The time required to achieve a soil solution concentration of 1 mu g mL super(-1) was defined as a hypothetical loss of efficacy (LE sub(1)). Certain relationships were consistently observed, regardless of sorption or diffusion: LE sub(1) was found to be related to K sub(s), linearly, to X sub(0) logarithmically, to mu sub(max) geometrically, and to initial pesticide-substrate concentration (S sub(0)) nonlinearly. Sorption to soil surfaces resulted in decreased equilibrium soil solution concentration (S sub(e)), depending on the magnitude of theta sub(g) and K sub(d1). Rates of biodegradation-growth were a function of S sub(e), as opposed to total (soluble + sorbed) concentration. Sorption coupled with diffusion decreased both S sub(e) and time-dependent availability, resulting in slower rates of biodegradation. In general, larger values of S sub(0) resulted in faster rates of biodegradation, i.e., decreased the time required for a loss of efficacy. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Shelton AU - Doherty, MA AD - USDA-ARS Environmental Chemistry Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1085 EP - 1090 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Bioavailability KW - Growth kinetics KW - Soil organic matter KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Biodegradation KW - Desorption KW - Mathematical models KW - Pesticides KW - Adsorption KW - Organic compounds KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Estimating+losses+of+efficacy+due+to+pesticide+biodegradation+in+soil+model+simulations&rft.au=Shelton%3BDoherty%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Mathematical models; Desorption; Biodegradation; Pesticides; Adsorption; Organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model describing pesticide bioavailability and biodegradation in soil AN - 16123209; 297909 AB - A model is proposed for describing pesticide-substrate bioavailability and rates of biodegradation in soil. The model accounts for sorption to soil surfaces, diffusion into the internal matrix of soil organic matter or aggregates, and microbial growth. Rates of sorption and diffusion are approximated by first-order kinetics while microbial growth is approximated by Monod kinetics. Model verification was performed using 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) degradation data from high and low organic matter soils inoculated with pure cultures of 2,4-D degrading bacteria. Estimates of sorption, diffusion, and Monod constants were obtained sequentially by fitting the defining differential equations to the data using nonlinear regression techniques. Independent estimates of initial biomass (X sub(0)) and growth yield (Y) were required, although X sub(0) could be approximated from the number of colony-forming units assuming a bacterial weight of 0.1 pg cell super(-1). The model could account for the partitioning of 2,4-D between soluble and sorbed phases and provided estimates of the Monod constants, mu sub(max) and K sub(s), which were generally consistent with values previously determined in pure culture. In conjunction with pest toxicology data, the model may be useful in predicting the time between application and loss of efficacy (i.e., window of efficacy) for biodegradable pesticide. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Shelton AU - Doherty, MA AD - USDA-ARS Environmental Chemistry Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1078 EP - 1084 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Bioavailability KW - Growth kinetics KW - Reaction kinetics KW - Soil organic matter KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Biodegradation KW - Mathematical models KW - Pesticides KW - Regression analysis KW - Diffusion KW - Organic compounds KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Model+describing+pesticide+bioavailability+and+biodegradation+in+soil&rft.au=Shelton%3BDoherty%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1078&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Mathematical models; Biodegradation; Pesticides; Regression analysis; Diffusion; Organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil microbial biomass and mineralizable carbon of water-stable aggregates AN - 16121996; 297911 AB - Biophysical alterations of agricultural soils following adoption of zero tillage (ZT) deserve investigation in order to better understand the processes of soil organic C (SOC) sequestration and turnover. We determined the vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), C mineralized in 24 d under standard conditions, and basal soil respiration (BSR) in five water-stable aggregate classes. Four soils (loam, silt loam, clay loam, and clay) from the Peace River region of northern Alberta and British Columbia were sampled following 4 to 16 yr under comparison of conventional shallow tillage (CT) and ZT. Macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) had greater SMBC, more C mineralized in 24 d, and higher BSR than microaggregates at a depth of 0 to 50 mm. Differences between macro- and microaggregates in these properties decreased with soil depth. Carbon mineralized in 24 d and SMBC were 9 plus or minus 9% greater (mean of four soils plus or minus standard deviation among soils) under ZT than under CT in macroaggregates, but were 6 plus or minus 11% lower in whole soil due to lower amounts in microaggregates under ZT than under CT. Macroaggregate-protected SOC to a depth of 200 mm was 6.7 plus or minus 1.9 g m super(-2) under CT and 9.8 plus or minus 2.6 g m super(-2) under ZT. Soil organic C in macroaggregates, which had high concentrations of active pools of SOC, appeared to have been shunted into the more stable microaggregate fraction after disturbance with CT. Unlike in temperate, humid climates, decomposition of SOC during the passage from macro- to microaggregates may have been limited by the frigid, semiarid climate. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Franzluebbers, A J AU - Arshad, MA AD - USDA-ARS, Watkinsville, GA, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1090 EP - 1097 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Mineralizable carbon KW - Mineralization KW - Particle size analysis KW - Soil aggregates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Organic compounds KW - Biomass KW - Agglomeration KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 805.1.1:BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 943.3:SPECIAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+microbial+biomass+and+mineralizable+carbon+of+water-stable+aggregates&rft.au=Franzluebbers%2C+A+J%3BArshad%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Franzluebbers&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1090&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Organic compounds; Biomass; Agglomeration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition-induced reductions in soil water availability reduced pine root extension rates AN - 16121893; 297915 AB - The relationship between soil water availability, root extension, and shoot growth of loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) was evaluated in a rhizotron sand mixture in the absence and presence of crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) competition. Heights and diameters of seedlings grown with crabgrass were reduced 33 and 50%, respectively, compared with seedlings grown in pine monoculture. Furthermore, survival of seedlings was reduced by 16% in the mixed species treatments compared with pine monoculture cells. Soil water contents at all depths were at least 50% lower in mixed species treatments compared with pine monocultures during a dry-down cycle. Maximum loblolly pine root extension rate was 0.10 m wk super(-1) in pine monoculture compared with 0.02 m wk super(-1) in the presence of grass. Pine seedling root extension ceased in the presence of grass during prolonged periods of induced water stress. Crabgrass roots extended at a rate of 0.6 m wk super(-1), a rate largely unaffected by watering regime or differences in water content within the rhizotron. Pine root distributions, at the end of one growing season, were different for seedlings grown with grass than for those in pine monoculture; however, when seedlings of similar size were compared, root distributions were not different. Our results indicate that competition-induced reductions in soil water availability reduced the rate of pine root extension and thus the volume of soil exploited, thereby reducing resource availability and tree growth. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Ludovici, KH AU - Morris, LA AD - USDA Forest Service, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1196 EP - 1202 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Moisture determination KW - Plants (botany) KW - Root extension KW - Trees KW - Water absorption KW - Water content KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sand KW - Forestry KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - EE 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - W4 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - EE 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Competition-induced+reductions+in+soil+water+availability+reduced+pine+root+extension+rates&rft.au=Ludovici%2C+KH%3BMorris%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Ludovici&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sand; Forestry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon to organic matter ratios for soils in Rocky Mountain coniferous forests AN - 16121577; 297914 AB - Vegetation type, soils, climate, and conversion ratios influence estimates of terrestrial C. Our objectives were to (i) determine carbon to organic matter (C/OM) ratios for brown cubical rotten wood, litter, surface humus, soil wood, and mineral soils; (ii) evaluate the validity of using 0.58 and 0.50 ratios for estimating C in mineral and organic soil components, respectively; and (iii) determine if C/OM relationships were applicable across broad geographic areas. The study sites were located from the southern to northern Rocky Mountains. They differed in vegetation, soil parent material, and climate. The C/OM regression slopes we developed for organic components were quite consistent and relatively constant across vegetation types ranging from 0.43 to 0.51 and were similar to the 0.50 traditional ratio. The C/OM regression slopes for mineral soils ranged from 0.16 to 0.48 depending on vegetation type. These slopes were lower than the 0.58 ratio often applied. The reliability of simple ratios when used in estimating C as a function of organic matter is often overestimated. Error and bias can be introduced into C estimates when using simple ratios. This study refined C/OM regressions for mineral soils and provided regressions for organic soil components. Information developed in this study can be applied to improve regional and global C assessments. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Jain, ThB AU - Graham, R T AU - Adams, D L AD - USDA, Moscow, ID, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1190 EP - 1195 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Climate KW - Climatology KW - Decay (organic) KW - Forests KW - Geographical regions KW - Plants (botany) KW - Regression analysis KW - Soil organic matter KW - Vegetation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Wood KW - Organic compounds KW - EE 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 443:METEOROLOGY KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - EE 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 443:METEOROLOGY KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Carbon+to+organic+matter+ratios+for+soils+in+Rocky+Mountain+coniferous+forests&rft.au=Jain%2C+ThB%3BGraham%2C+R+T%3BAdams%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=ThB&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regression analysis; Wood; Organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nondestructive elemental analysis of wood biodeterioration using electron paramagnetic resonance and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence AN - 16105318; 4203568 AB - Over the last few years we have developed nondestructive methods for the elemental analysis of wood during biodeterioration by fungi. In this paper we review progress made in our laboratories on the multi-element analysis of wood using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and synchrotron-generated X-ray spectroscopy. The non-intrusive sample preparation and the nondestructive methods have been used to detect elements in situ at concentrations as low as 0.1-10 ppm and to determine the redox states of several transition state metals. Custom specimen handling equipment and computer software were coupled with the analytical tools for mapping element accumulation and distribution. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Illman, B L AU - Bajt, S AD - USDA/FS Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 235 EP - 243 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - wood KW - biodeterioration KW - electron paramagnetic resonance KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16105318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Nondestructive+elemental+analysis+of+wood+biodeterioration+using+electron+paramagnetic+resonance+and+synchrotron+X-ray+fluorescence&rft.au=Illman%2C+B+L%3BBajt%2C+S&rft.aulast=Illman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue, Biodegradation of wood. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; wood; biodeterioration; electron paramagnetic resonance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of southern pine from fungal decay and termite damage with N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine AN - 16099304; 4201459 AB - The design of environmentally benign methods for preserving wood in service requires an understanding of the precise sequence of the biochemical events that occur as wood is colonized. We hypothesize that in-situ precipitation of existing calcium ions in association with pectin in wood may prevent the cascade of biochemical events involved in fungal colonization. Preliminary experiments showed that pretreatment of wood blocks with the selective water-soluble calcium-precipitating agent N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA) inhibited decay caused by brown-rot and white-rot fungi as well as damage caused by eastern subterranean termites. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Green, F III AU - Kuster, T A AU - Ferge, L AU - Highley, T L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Products Lab., Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 103 EP - 111 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - Fomitopsis palustris KW - Gloephyllum trabeum KW - Meruliporia incrassata KW - N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine KW - Ophistoma minus KW - Ophistoma piliferum KW - Pine KW - Postia placenta KW - calcium KW - oxalic acid KW - pectin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Aureobasidium pullulans KW - Reticulitermes flavipes KW - Penicillium KW - wood KW - pest control KW - Trichoderma KW - Trametes versicolor KW - Aspergillus niger KW - Pinus KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16099304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Protection+of+southern+pine+from+fungal+decay+and+termite+damage+with+N%2CN-naphthaloylhydroxylamine&rft.au=Green%2C+F+III%3BKuster%2C+T+A%3BFerge%2C+L%3BHighley%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Biodegradation of wood. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest control; wood; Aureobasidium pullulans; Reticulitermes flavipes; Penicillium; Trichoderma; Trametes versicolor; Pinus; Aspergillus niger ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological detection of wood decay fungi--an overview of techniques developed from 1986 to the present AN - 16099007; 4203529 AB - During the past decade, diagnostic methods for detecting incipient wood decay in vitro and in situ have been developed using antibodies to target fungal antigens. Antibodies are potentially ideal probes for detecting fungal biodeterioration because they are specific and can quantitate fungal antigens within a complex structure such as wood. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to various fungal components have been utilized separately and in concert for immunoblotting, enzyme immunoassays, particle agglutination assays, and chromatographic `dipstick' assays. This paper provides an overview of the challenges encountered and progress made in the field of forest products immunodiagnostics since 1986. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Clausen, CA AD - Research Microbiologist, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 133 EP - 143 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - fungi KW - wood decay KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - biodeterioration KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16099007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Immunological+detection+of+wood+decay+fungi--an+overview+of+techniques+developed+from+1986+to+the+present&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue, Biodegradation of wood. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; biodeterioration; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of fertilizer and its environmental consequences AN - 16098235; 4203811 AB - The increase in the use of fertilizer in agricultural production has been associated with a substantial increase in agricultural productivity in the United States. This increase in fertilizer use has been driven by a variety of economic forces including variations in the price of output and changing relative factor prices. Associated with the increase in the use of fertilizer have been adverse environmental consequences that are not reflected in the costs and returns of agricultural production. That is, externalities exist whose cost need to be internalized. Because the use of fertilizer has been shown to respond to market forces, it is efficient to use the market to control the use of fertilizer. This can be done through, for example, the use of a fertilizer tax. JF - Energy & Environment AU - Uri, N D AD - Natural Resources and Environmental Division, Economic Research Service, U.A. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 191 EP - 205 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0958-305X, 0958-305X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - taxation KW - USA KW - agrochemicals KW - environmental impact KW - economics KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=The+use+of+fertilizer+and+its+environmental+consequences&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.issn=0958305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; economics; agrochemicals; fertilizers; environmental impact; taxation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Gluconobacter oxydans whole cell biosensor for amperometric detection of xylose AN - 16087824; 4114946 AB - Whole cells of Gluconobacter oxydans were employed in a microbial sensor for xylose determinations using Clark-type electrodes. Bacterial cells were immobilized on chromatographic paper by simple physical adsorption and attached to the surface of the electrodes. The lower limit of xylose detection was approximately 0.5 mM and measurements were useful up to at least 20 mM xylose. Physiological buffers showed little effect on biosensor function. Responses were highly reproducible, showing a standard deviation of 6.7% over 10 consecutive measurements. Whole cell biosensors were relatively stable, retaining 60% of initial activity after 35 days of dry storage at 4 degree C. Xylose detection was not significantly affected by the presence of xylitol, suggesting that biosensors will be useful in monitoring conversions of these compounds. However, glucose or ethanol elicited a 10-fold higher response than xylose at equal concentrations (1 mM). Such interfering materials will need to be controlled or concurrently monitored in specific sensor applications. JF - Biosensors & Bioelectronics AU - Reshetilov, AN AU - Iliasov, P V AU - Donova, M V AU - Dovbnya, D V AU - Boronin, A M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Greene, R V AD - Biopolymer Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 241 EP - 247 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - amperometer KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biosensors KW - Gluconobacter oxydans KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16087824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Gluconobacter+oxydans+whole+cell+biosensor+for+amperometric+detection+of+xylose&rft.au=Reshetilov%2C+AN%3BIliasov%2C+P+V%3BDonova%2C+M+V%3BDovbnya%2C+D+V%3BBoronin%2C+A+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Reshetilov&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biosensors; Gluconobacter oxydans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Success of intensive management of a critically imperiled population of red-cockaded woodpeckers in South Carolina AN - 16086934; 4116550 AB - By late 1985, the population of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, had declined to a low of four individuals. Because of extensive timber harvesting prior to the 1950s, the older live pine trees that Red-cockaded Woodpeckers require for cavity construction were limited. We monitored the response of the population to intensive habitat enhancement that included construction of artificial cavities, control of cavity competitors, and removal of the hardwood mid-story to improve nesting habitat quality. Translocations of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers from on-site and donor populations were undertaken to enhance the number of breeding pairs, the removal population size, and to minimize potential adverse genetic consequences of a small population size. From 1986-1995, we carried out 54 translocations, installed 305 artificial cavities, and removed 2304 southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) (a cavity competitor). Concomitant intensive population monitoring revealed that the number of breeding pairs of woodpeckers increased form 1 to 19 and the overall population size grew from 4 to 99 individuals, reflecting the highly focused habitat restoration effort. Intensive management has been successful in rehabilitating this artificially small population of endangered birds. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Franzreb, KE AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Dep. Forest Resour., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-1003, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 458 EP - 470 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population changes KW - USA, South Carolina KW - conservation KW - Picoides borealis KW - wildlife management KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16086934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Success+of+intensive+management+of+a+critically+imperiled+population+of+red-cockaded+woodpeckers+in+South+Carolina&rft.au=Franzreb%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Franzreb&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; USA, South Carolina; population changes; wildlife management; conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immobilization of lipoxygenase in an alginate-silicate solgel matrix: Formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides AN - 16081873; 4111418 AB - A method for the immobilization of lipoxygenase (LOX) in an alginate-silicate gel matrix was developed. In this method, a mixture of calcium alginate beads and LOX in borate buffer are dispersed into a hexane solution of tetramethoxyortho-silicate (TMOS). Hydrolysis of the TMOS gives products that permeate and co-polymerize with the alginate gel to form a colloid within the beads that entraps the LOX. Optimum reaction conditions for sol-gel entrapment of LOX are at pH 9.0 in 0.2M borate buffer. The composite gel, after isolation and vacuum drying, had excellent protein retention that has good enzyme activity and stability at room temperature. The activity of the entrapped LOX was less than the activity of the free enzyme. However, the activity of the immobilized LOX can be restored by the addition of borate buffer and glycerol, or borate buffer saturated with an organic solvent. In contrast to the free enzyme in solution, which loses its activity in less than one day, sol-gel entrapped LOX retains its activity at ambient temperature for at least 25 days and can be recycled. This report demonstrates that the sol-gel entrapment method for immobilizing LOX can be useful in developing a process for the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Hsu, A-F AU - Foglia, T A AU - Piazza, G J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 71 EP - 74 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - alginate KW - lipoxygenase KW - silicate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immobilized enzymes KW - Glycine max KW - gels KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16081873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Immobilization+of+lipoxygenase+in+an+alginate-silicate+solgel+matrix%3A+Formation+of+fatty+acid+hydroperoxides&rft.au=Hsu%2C+A-F%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BPiazza%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=A-F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immobilized enzymes; gels; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of estolides from monounsaturated fatty acids AN - 16052901; 290561 AB - Mono- and polyestolides, made from oleic acid, meadowfoam oil fatty acids and erucic acid, were subjected to biodegradation with mixed cultures of Penicillium verucosum, Mucor racemosus, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Fermentations were continued for 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 d. Meadowfoam oil and its fatty acids, oleic acid and soybean oil were also biodegraded under the same conditions. After 10 d, oleic acid and soybean oil were degraded 99.8 and 99.2%, respectively; meadowfoam oil and its fatty acids were degraded 89.0 and 97.7%, respectively. After 30 d, oleic acid-derived poly- and monoestolides were degraded 98.6 and 90.0%, respectively, meadowfoam estolides were degraded 75.7%, and erucic acid estolides were degraded 84.0%. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Erhan, Selim M AU - Kleiman, Robert AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 605 EP - 607 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 74 IS - 5 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Enterobacter aerogenes KW - Erucic acids KW - Estolides KW - Meadowfoam oil fatty acids KW - Mucor racemosus KW - Oleic acid KW - Penicillium verucosum KW - Soybean oil KW - Unsaturated compounds KW - Vegetable oils KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Fermentation KW - Microorganisms KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16052901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+estolides+from+monounsaturated+fatty+acids&rft.au=Erhan%2C+Selim+M%3BKleiman%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Erhan&rft.aufirst=Selim&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Fermentation; Microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of different plant species used for phytoremediation of high soil selenium AN - 16051499; 289339 AB - Concentrations of selenium (Se) in agricultural irrigation effluent increased stored soil Se to toxic levels in the wetland sediment at Kesterson Reservoir. Vegetation management (phytoremediation) may be a strategy to reduce these soil Se concentrations to nontoxic levels. Selenium in plant shoots and depletion of soil Se removal by selected plant species were evaluated over a 1-yr period under greenhouse conditions. Two soils were used: a seleniferous Turlock soil (collected from Kesterson Reservoir) that contained high total Se (approx. 40 mg kg super(-1) soil), high water extractable B (approx. 10 mg B L super(-1)), and a soil salinity of approx. 8 dS m super(-1), and a nonseleniferous Hanford sandy loam (collected from an agricultural field site). Three plant species tested were Brassica napus cv. Westar (canola), Hibiscus cannabinus L. cv. Indian (kenaf), and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Alta (tall fescue). Only canola and kenaf grown in Turlock soil showed significant lower shoot yield (P < 0.01) than on the Hanford soil. Leaf Se was as high as 470 mg Se kg super(-1) DM in canola, 45 mg Se kg super(-1) DM in kenaf and 50 mg Se kg super(-1) DM in tall fescue. The same crops contained mean leaf B concentrations as high as 415 mg B kg super(-1) DM in kenaf, 180 mg B kg super(-1) DM in canola, and 111 mg B kg super(-1) DM in first clipping of tall fescue. The cultivation of all species led to a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of total soil Se between preplant and the final harvest by the following percentages: canola (47%), kenaf (23%), and tall fescue (21%). Successively planting of canola and to a lesser extent kenaf and tall fescue, in Se-laden soil has the potential to reduce total soil Se. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Ajwa, HA AU - Mackey, B AU - Wu, L AU - Cook, C AU - Akohoue, S AU - Zambruzuski, S AD - USDA, Fresno, CA, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 639 EP - 646 PB - AMERICAN SOC OF AGRONOMY INC, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Evaluation KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Hibiscus cannabinus KW - Phytoremediation KW - Plants (botany) KW - Removal KW - Selenium KW - Soils KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Toxicity KW - Effluents KW - Sediments KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 461.7:HEALTH CARE KW - EE 442.2:LAND RECLAMATION KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 549.3:OTHERS (INCLUDING BISMUTH, BORON, CADMIUM, COBALT, MERCURY, NIOBIUM, SELENIUM, SILICON, TELLURIUM AND ZIRCONIUM) KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - EE 549.3:OTHERS (INCLUDING BISMUTH, BORON, CADMIUM, COBALT, MERCURY, NIOBIUM, SELENIUM, SILICON, TELLURIUM AND ZIRCONIUM) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 442.2:LAND RECLAMATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16051499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+different+plant+species+used+for+phytoremediation+of+high+soil+selenium&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BAjwa%2C+HA%3BMackey%2C+B%3BWu%2C+L%3BCook%2C+C%3BAkohoue%2C+S%3BZambruzuski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evaluation; Removal; Toxicity; Effluents; Sediments; Selenium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrastructural changes in the intestine of rats fed high-zinc diets AN - 16046648; 4088123 AB - The feeding of high-zinc diets to humans is often used as therapy for patients with Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disorder of copper accumulation. There seem to be no outward adverse effects of this treatment; however, preliminary studies in our laboratory have shown apparent weaknesses in the intestinal wall of rats fed high-zinc diets. As a consequence, this study was carried out to determine if feeding high-zinc diets to rats would affect the ultrastructural morphology of the small intestine. The effects of treatment on copper status of the rats also were determined. Weanling male rats were fed diets containing either 35 or 350 mg of zinc/kg. After 7 weeks, blood and various tissues were collected to measure copper status indicators, and portions of the upper duodenum were excised and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Results showed that rats fed high-zinc diets had significantly lower copper status as indicated by low serum copper, serum ceruloplasmin activity, and liver copper, than rats fed normal-zinc diets. Liver superoxide dismutase or cytochrome c oxidase activities were not affected by high zinc. Observations of sections of the duodenum by electron microscopy showed that non-assembled collagen molecules of the lamina propria were more often disorganized and formed tangled masses in rats fed the high-zinc diet than in those fed normal-zinc diets. This suggests that low copper status caused by high-zinc feeding might be affecting the activity of lysyl oxidase, a copper-dependent enzyme, and thus crosslinking of the collagen molecules. However, these observations did not always correlate with low copper status. Other possible explanations include a direct competition between zinc and copper for sites on lysyl oxidase, zinc blocking of aldehyde residues on the collagen molecule, or some unrecognized process involving other enzymes or other aspects of collagen assembly. Whether such processes or affinities actually exist is still under investigation. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Reeves, P G AU - Newman, SM Jr AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Box 9034, University Station, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 37 EP - 46 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - rats KW - ultrastructure KW - zinc KW - copper KW - collagen KW - lysyl oxidase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - diets KW - intestine KW - electron microscopy KW - X 24164:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16046648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ultrastructural+changes+in+the+intestine+of+rats+fed+high-zinc+diets&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BNewman%2C+SM+Jr&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intestine; diets; electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex attractant and aggregation pheromones of male phytophagous insects AN - 16043881; 4087567 JF - American Entomologist AU - Landolt, P J AD - USDA-ARS, Yakima Agric. Res. Lab., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 12 EP - 22 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 1046-2821, 1046-2821 KW - Insecta KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical communication KW - sex pheromone KW - aggregation pheromone KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05194:Communication KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16043881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Sex+attractant+and+aggregation+pheromones+of+male+phytophagous+insects&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Entomologist&rft.issn=10462821&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sex pheromone; aggregation pheromone; chemical communication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride: In vitro mutagenicity studies for human health hazards determinations AN - 16037687; 4091432 AB - 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPT-HCl) is an aniline derivative used in the manufacture of the dye palatine fast yellow; it is also registered as a selective, low-volume-use (<45 kg/yr) avicide. Three in vitro mutagenicity tests of CPT-HCl were performed according to methods recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): the Ames/Salmonella assay, the Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (CHO /HPRT) mammalian cell forward gene mutation assay, and the CHO chromosome aberration assay. CPT-HCl did not display mutagenic activity using the Ames/Salmonella or CHO/HPRT assays. However, CPT-HCl induced statistically significant, concentration-dependent, metabolically activated increases in the proportion of aberrant cells and aberrations/cell in cultured CHO cells. Results are suggestive of minimal mutagenicity effects associated with exposure to anilines and their derivatives. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Stankowski, LF Jr AU - Sebastian, San, JR AU - Sterner, R T AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC, Natl. Wildl. Res. Cent., 1716 Heath Pkwy., Ft. Collins, CO 80524-2719, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 451 EP - 462 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - CHO cells KW - man KW - 3-chloro(p)toluidine hydrochloride KW - mutagenicity testing KW - aniline KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - chromosome aberrations KW - Ames test KW - Salmonella KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=3-Chloro-p-toluidine+hydrochloride%3A+In+vitro+mutagenicity+studies+for+human+health+hazards+determinations&rft.au=Stankowski%2C+LF+Jr%3BSebastian%2C+San%2C+JR%3BSterner%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Stankowski&rft.aufirst=LF&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Ames test; chromosome aberrations; mutagenicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A water resources decision model for forest managers AN - 16034078; 4096435 AB - Four decades of forest hydrology and meteorology research in northeastern United States has provided broad knowledge on relationships between forests and streamwater quantity and quality. We have incorporated this knowledge into a decision model to help forest managers protect and enhance water resources. The model is in a user-friendly format for personal computers, and allows the user to choose combinations from five management objectives or goals related to water quality and five related to water quantity. Options for management objectives to protect water quality are: (1) do nothing except obey the law, (2) provide intensive protection for wetlands as required by law, (3) enhance the habitat for warm-water fish, or enhance the habitat for cold-water fish, (4) provide intensive protection for water quality and unique flora and fauna found in the riparian area, (5) provide intensive protection for water quality beyond the usual Best Management Practices. Goals related to water quantity are: (1) do nothing except obey the law, (2) increase water yields, (3) limit peak flows, (4) maintain or exceed existing low flows, and (5) restore hydrologic function to previously disturbed lands. Regardless of goals selected, all users are first provided with information about Best Management Practices required to control non-point source pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Based upon the options selected, and taking into account forest stand and precipitation data provided by the user, one of six possible silvicultural systems is recommended to meet management objectives. Impacts of the recommended silvicultural system on water quality and quantity are provided in the form of text and tables. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Smith, R B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 83 EP - 88 VL - 84 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - best management practices KW - aquatic habitats KW - water quality KW - water supply KW - computer models KW - flow control KW - decision making KW - environmental protection KW - wetlands KW - forest hydrology KW - streams KW - water resources KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=A+water+resources+decision+model+for+forest+managers&rft.au=Hornbeck%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Hornbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water supply; water resources; decision making; forest hydrology; water quality; best management practices; computer models; wetlands; aquatic habitats; flow control; environmental protection; streams ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of seedling damping-off disease in potting mix containing animal manure composts AN - 16013692; 4088588 AB - Broiler litter, dairy manure, and steer/horse manure were separately cocomposted with other organic residues, and the resulting composts incorporated into potting mixes. All the compost-amended potting mixes were suppressive to damping-off caused by Pythium and Rhizoctonia relative to disease conducive controls. The type of manure in the compost had a greater influence on damping-off of Pythium than of Rhizoctonia. Composts differed in the relative amounts of suppression of Pythium damping-off as follows: dairy manure greater than or equal to steer manure greater than or equal to poultry litter. However, dairy manure compost contained phytotoxins generated in anaerobic zones of the windrow. There was no statistically significant association between disease suppression and compost age. Comparisons between disease losses in nonautoclaved and autoclaved potting mixes provided evidence that disease suppression was microbially mediated. There was also some evidence that low levels of NO super(-) sub(2)--or NO super(-) sub(3)-- nitrogen were associated with suppression of Pythium damping-off. JF - Compost Science & Utilization AU - Ringer, CE AU - Millner, P D AU - Teerlinck, L M AU - Lyman, B W AD - Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 6 EP - 14 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1065-657X, 1065-657X KW - composts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - manure KW - soil-borne diseases KW - Pythium KW - damping-off KW - Rhizoctonia KW - soil KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+seedling+damping-off+disease+in+potting+mix+containing+animal+manure+composts&rft.au=Ringer%2C+CE%3BMillner%2C+P+D%3BTeerlinck%2C+L+M%3BLyman%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Ringer&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.issn=1065657X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium; Rhizoctonia; soil; manure; damping-off; soil-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the dietary level of iron from iron methionine and iron sulfate on immune response and resistance of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri AN - 15997778; 4080222 AB - Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings were fed purified diets supplemented with iron at levels of 0, 20, 60, and 180 mg/kg from iron sulfate (FeS) or 5, 10, 20, 60, and 180 mg/kg from iron methionine (FeM) in triplicate tanks for 8 wk. Fish were then divided into two groups and subjected to different assays to measure disease resistance and individual immune functions. Representative fish from each dietary treatment were challenged by bacterial immersion with virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri, and mortality due to enteric septicemia was recorded. Other fish were immunized with 0.2-mL formalin-killed E. ictaluri and boosted 21 d post-immunization. Antibody response was determined by FAST-ELISA. Chemiluminescent and chemotaxis assays were performed using peritoneal macrophages. Supplementation of the diet with various levels of iron from FeS or FeM did not significantly affect antibody production. Chemotactic migration by macrophages was depressed in iron-deficient fish and a level of 60 mg/kg from either FeS or FeM provided the highest chemotactic indexes. A deficiency of dietary iron was found to increase mortality of channel catfish due to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). However, more studies should be conducted to better understand the effects of sources and levels of dietary iron on immune responses and disease resistance in channel catfish. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Sealey, WM AU - Lim, Chhorn AU - Klesius, PH AD - USDA-ARS, Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 142 EP - 149 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - immunology KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - fish culture KW - Freshwater KW - iron compounds KW - therapy KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15997778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+dietary+level+of+iron+from+iron+methionine+and+iron+sulfate+on+immune+response+and+resistance+of+channel+catfish+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri&rft.au=Sealey%2C+WM%3BLim%2C+Chhorn%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Sealey&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; immunology; fish culture; iron compounds; therapy; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusaric acid increases melatonin levels in the weanling rat and in pineal cell cultures AN - 15996820; 4080049 AB - Fusaric acid (FA) is produced by several Fusarium species that commonly infect cereal grains and other agricultural commodities. FA in the feed of nursing dams is lactationally transferred to the suckling offspring and alters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) in the pineal gland of the neonate rat. 5HT is involved in melatonin (MEL) production by the pineal gland. MEL is a hormone important in reproduction and seasonality in animals. Therefore, the effects of FA on MEL in the serum and pineal gland of male and female 21-d-old weanling rats from dams on an FA diet were studied. MEL was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which was standardized for directly measuring MEL in rat serum and pineal homogenates. At 200 ppm in the diet of nursing dams, FA increased serum MEL in both sexes. Results obtained from ELISA were supported by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with fluorescence detection. MEL analysis of the pineal gland homogenates by ELISA and HPLC supported observations in the serum. Analogously, in pineal cell monolayer cultures, FA at 1 mu M and 100 mu M concentrations increased MEL in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the control cells. This is the first report that FA increases MEL in vivo and in vitro and suggests that FA contamination of diets may affect mechanisms involving MEL synthesis. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Rimando, A M AU - Porter, J K AD - Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 275 EP - 284 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - rats KW - cell culture KW - fusaric acid KW - melatonin KW - pineal body KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24172:Plants KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Fusaric+acid+increases+melatonin+levels+in+the+weanling+rat+and+in+pineal+cell+cultures&rft.au=Rimando%2C+A+M%3BPorter%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; mycotoxins; high-performance liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dilute acetic acid exposure enhances electrolyte leakage by Hydrilla verticillata and Potamogeton pectinatus tubers AN - 15994192; 4080107 AB - Subterranean vegetative propagules are important life cycle stages for some species of rooted aquatic plants. Sediments contain numerous compounds resulting from anaerobic degradation of organic matter, including acetic acid. Tubers of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) and sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.) were exposed to a range of acetic acid concentrations (0, 17.4, 87, 174, 348, and 696 mmol/l) for 1, 2, 4, or 8 days. Total electrolyte leaked increased with exposure to increased acetic acid concentrations and to a lesser extent longer exposure periods for both sago pondweed and hydrilla tubers. Logistic regression of tuber survival versus total electrolyte leaked indicated that 50% of sago pondweed tubers would not survive the damage indicated by a total electrolyte leaked value of 4.5%. For hydrilla, a similar value is 12.3% Twenty amino acids were released by tubers into the external medium following acetic acid exposure. Alanine, arginine, and gamma -amino butyric acid were the dominant amino acids lost from treated hydrilla tubers, accounting for 69% of the total amino acids leaked. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquatic Weed Control Res. Lab., Weed Sci. Prog., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 25 EP - 30 VL - 35 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton pectinatus KW - Sago pondweed KW - acetic acid KW - aquatic weed control KW - decomposing organic matter KW - hydrilla KW - introduced species KW - leakage KW - plant control KW - population exposure KW - sediment chemistry KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - aquatic plants KW - electrolytes KW - Freshwater KW - organic acids KW - amino acids KW - survival KW - regression analysis KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08542:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15994192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Dilute+acetic+acid+exposure+enhances+electrolyte+leakage+by+Hydrilla+verticillata+and+Potamogeton+pectinatus+tubers&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic acids; plant control; amino acids; aquatic plants; electrolytes; sediment chemistry; survival; introduced species; regression analysis; acetic acid; aquatic weed control; population exposure; leakage; decomposing organic matter; Potamogeton pectinatus; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) canopy morphology in relation to habitat, soil fertility and associated annual plant communities AN - 15994137; 4076719 AB - Differences in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) crown morphology may reflect changes in the relative demand for water vs. nutrient resources, coinciding with shrub growth and development. Creosotebushes with inverted cone-shaped crowns were more abundant in water-limited environments whereas hemispherical shaped creosotebushes were more abundant in less water-limited environments. Cone-shaped creosotebushes accumulated substantially less litter under their canopies than did creosotebushes with hemispherical shaped crowns. Soil nutrient concentrations under conical shrubs were similar to those in intershrub spaces and both of these were significantly less than soil nutrient concentrations under hemispherical shrubs. In ecosystems where overland flow of water exerted a greater influence on the movement of organic litter than did wind, shrub shape had little effect on long-term litter accumulation. No persistent differences in the biomass or diversity of ephemeral taxa exploiting undershrub areas were found, probably because the positive effects of greater nutrient resources under hemispherical shrubs were offset by the limitations imposed by the larger, more dense canopies of hemispherical shrubs. Overall, creosotebush morphology affected litter accumulation patterns and soil nutrient patterns, and must be considered when assessing the heterogeneity of desert ecosystems in the southwestern USA. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - De Soyza, AG AU - Whitford, W G AU - Martinez-Meza, E AU - Van Zee, JW AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Exptl. Range, NMSU Dep. 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 13 EP - 26 VL - 137 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - canopy KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - morphology KW - USA, Southwest KW - Larrea tridentata KW - soil nutrients KW - water intake KW - litter KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15994137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Variation+in+creosotebush+%28Larrea+tridentata%29+canopy+morphology+in+relation+to+habitat%2C+soil+fertility+and+associated+annual+plant+communities&rft.au=De+Soyza%2C+AG%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BMartinez-Meza%2C+E%3BVan+Zee%2C+JW&rft.aulast=De+Soyza&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Larrea tridentata; USA, Southwest; morphology; litter; soil nutrients; water intake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a fiberscope for examining cavity nests AN - 15991416; 4074953 AB - A system is described that uses a fiberscope to view nests in cavities to provide detailed information on eggs and nestlings. The flexible probe can be inserted around bends, and the tip articulates to allow viewing of the entire cavity and nest. A light guide bundle furnishes light to enable viewing of dark cavities and optical fibers transmit the image from the lens to the eyepiece. Using the fiberscope, we were able to get accurate egg counts and to see details of the nestlings that indicated age and development, including feather growth and whether the eyes were open. Nest checks were also quicker than using the standard light and mirror apparatus. Drawbacks include cost and, possibly, durability. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Purcell, K L AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2081 East Sierra Ave., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 283 EP - 286 VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - equipment KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - cavity nesters KW - observation methods KW - Y 25866:Birds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15991416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+fiberscope+for+examining+cavity+nests&rft.au=Purcell%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; cavity nesters; observation methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid culture production of desiccation tolerant blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus AN - 15969231; 4067483 AB - Liquid media with differing carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios were tested for production of desiccation tolerant blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. While all media tested supported sporulation in submerged culture, high blastospore concentrations (5.8 x 10 super(8) spores ml super(-1)) were produced in media containing 80 g glucose l super(-1) and 13.2 g Casamino acids l super(-1) (MS medium) and a significantly higher percentage (79%) of these blastospores survived air drying. Media containing glucose concentrations greater than 20 g l super(-1) and Casamino acid concentrations between 13.2 and 40 g l super(-1) supported maximal production of desiccation tolerant blastospores. All 23 isolates of P. fumosoroseus grown in MS media produced high concentrations of desiccation tolerant blastospores. When stored at 4 degree C, more than 60% of the lyophilized blastospores produced in MS medium were still viable after 7 months storage while less than 25% of the air-dried blastospores survived after 90 d storage. Standard whitefly bioassays were performed to compare air-dried blastospores of P. fumosoroseus ARSEF 4491 with solid substrate-produced conidia of Beauveria bassiana ARSEF 252. Air-dried blastospores of P. fumosoroseus gave LD sub(50)s of 60 and 113 blastospores mm super(-3) for the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) in two separate bioassays with potency ratios (LD sub(50) B. bassiana/LD sub(50) P. fumosoroseus) of 3.9 and 3.8, respectively. These results have demonstrated that high concentrations of blastospores of P. fumosoroseus can be rapidly produced in liquid culture, remain viable following drying, and infect and kill silverleaf whitefly. JF - Mycological Research AU - Jakcson, MA AU - McGuire, M R AU - Lacey, LA AU - Wraight, S P AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 35 EP - 41 VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - liquid culture KW - media (culture) KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15969231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Liquid+culture+production+of+desiccation+tolerant+blastospores+of+the+bioinsecticidal+fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus&rft.au=Jakcson%2C+MA%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BWraight%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Jakcson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; media (culture); liquid culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xylitol and riboflavin accumulation in xylose-grown cultures of Pichia guilliermondii AN - 15961674; 4063549 AB - Seven strains of Pichia guilliermondii (Candida guilliermondii, asexual state) from diverse isolation sources were examined for the production of xylitol and riboflavin in xylose-grown cultures. Under the conditions tested, all strains produced xylitol from xylose; conversion efficiencies varied, on a strain-specific basis, from 7% to 36% of the initial substrate. Four of seven strains metabolized xylitol immediately as xylose levels became depleted. The remaining three strains metabolized xylitol slowly and incompletely. Surprisingly, utilization of xylitol showed an apparent relationship with riboflavin production. Strains that readily metabolized xylitol produced at least threefold greater levels of riboflavin than did strains that used xylitol slowly. Moreover, riboflavin accumulation took place during xylitol consumption. P. guilliermondii strains that produced the highest levels of riboflavin on xylose produced significantly less riboflavin when grown on glucose or directly on xylitol. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 58 EP - 61 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - xylitol KW - riboflavin KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Pichia guilliermondii KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15961674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Xylitol+and+riboflavin+accumulation+in+xylose-grown+cultures+of+Pichia+guilliermondii&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pichia guilliermondii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Designing an object-oriented structure for crop models AN - 15951512; 4056129 AB - Object-oriented design (OOD) and programming (OOP) offer many advantages for developing modular crop models. The model structure is well-defined, reuse of code is facilitated through inheritance, and data can be hidden (encapsulated) inside objects that correspond to physical components of the real system, e.g. roots, stems, leaves, or soil layers. However, OOD is best suited to describing the relationship between freely interacting objects, and it has so far been used almost exclusively for modeling simple, discrete and sequential actions. Plant models are not like the automatic teller machine software that is often used in examples of OOD. Plant organs, i.e. objects on the plant, do not wait passively for input from other organs, but they all grow in response to their environment and interact with each other simultaneously and continuously. Also, our ignorance of the processes controlling plant growth forces us to use devices like the limiting factor model to handle these interactions. Many plant models therefore calculate potential growth, limitations imposed by various factors, and then actual growth. In short, there are procedural elements in plant models that do not easily fit an OOD. However, some OOP languages like C++ allow mixed designs to be implemented, so we have developed a mixed, but mostly object-oriented structure that (1) contains the components familiar in extant procedural designs; (2) can be used for modeling at several levels of complexity; and (3) can be used to model any plant. The mixed procedural /object-oriented design has been implemented in C++ as a shell using dummy algorithms, and its operation verified. The problems and advantages are discussed. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Acock, B AU - Reddy, V R AD - USDA:ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 33 EP - 44 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - crops KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15951512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Designing+an+object-oriented+structure+for+crop+models&rft.au=Acock%2C+B%3BReddy%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Acock&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Object-oriented design of a cotton crop model AN - 15949641; 4056128 AB - We have developed a cotton crop model, Cotton++. This model will eventually be coupled with an expert system to advise farmers when to irrigate, fertilize and harvest their crops. Cotton++ is written in the object-oriented programming language C++. In this paper we discuss (1) the reasons we opted to adopt the object-oriented paradigm and (2) why we selected C++ over other available programming languages. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Lemmon, H AU - Chuk, Ning AD - USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 45 EP - 51 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - computer programs KW - models KW - cotton KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15949641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Object-oriented+design+of+a+cotton+crop+model&rft.au=Lemmon%2C+H%3BChuk%2C+Ning&rft.aulast=Lemmon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cotton; models; computer programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variable specificity of Tn7::lacZY insertion into the chromosome of root-colonizing Pseudomonas putida strains AN - 15946590; 4057979 AB - To our knowledge, only one report has appeared in the literature that specifically addressed the question of insertion specificity of Tn7 in pseudomonads. Barry (1986), in an examination of four exconjugants derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens 701E1 with the use of the biocomponent (pMON7029 and pMON7018) system, found all of them to have a single lacZY insertion in the same location in the chromosome. We report here that broader application of the lacZY marking system to environmental pseudomonads has revealed that not all strains appear to share the feature of a single, preferred lacZY insertion site. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Staley, TE AU - Lawrence, E G AU - Drahos, D J AD - USDA-ARS-NAA, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 85 EP - 87 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - transposon Tn7 KW - chromosomes KW - lacZ gene KW - lacY gene KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - roots KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15946590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Variable+specificity+of+Tn7%3A%3AlacZY+insertion+into+the+chromosome+of+root-colonizing+Pseudomonas+putida+strains&rft.au=Staley%2C+TE%3BLawrence%2C+E+G%3BDrahos%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas putida; chromosomes; roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A modular soil and root process simulator AN - 15934221; 4052506 AB - The ability to build models for various crop management scenarios can be enhanced by using modules corresponding to soil, root atmosphere and management processes. In this paper we describe the design of a generic modular soil and root process simulator (2DSOIL) for use in crop modelling. Coded in Fortran 77, it uses a three-level hierarchy to organize soil processes and their parameters into a modularized structure. Decoupling of processes and re-arrangement of boundary condition formulations are used to facilitate independence of modules and the encapsulation of information is consistently implemented. Variable time steps are selected using restrictions imposed by non-linearity of models. The use of this modular design allows modellers to reuse well-tested codes, and results in a decrease of effort in input data preparation and in expandability to encompass various management practices. The modular design of 2DSOIL allows it to be readily modified and easily incorporated into crop models. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Timlin, D J AU - Pachepsky, YA AD - USDA-ARS, Systems Res. Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 67 EP - 80 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - roots KW - crops KW - soil KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15934221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+modular+soil+and+root+process+simulator&rft.au=Timlin%2C+D+J%3BPachepsky%2C+YA&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; roots; soil; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing generic, object-oriented models in biology AN - 15932024; 4052493 AB - This paper describes object-oriented programming (OOP) in terms relevant to the modeling of biological systems. Object-oriented programming is not a new technique but remains mostly unexploited in biosystems modeling. For biological scientists, the ideas of object-oriented design, based on the notions of taxonomy, discrete structures, behavior, and scale, make the approach intrinsically familiar and thus inherently compelling. We present a new OOP framework that may serve as a generic foundation for the production of plant models. This OOP framework represents a first step towards the development of generic model architectures and provides modularity, mechanistic richness, and advantages in process evaluation previously unavailable. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Sequeira, R A AU - Olson, R L AU - McKinion, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Simulation Res. Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 17 EP - 31 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - plants KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15932024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Implementing+generic%2C+object-oriented+models+in+biology&rft.au=Sequeira%2C+R+A%3BOlson%2C+R+L%3BMcKinion%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Sequeira&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction: Modularity in plant models AN - 15928796; 4052495 JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Acock, B AU - Reynolds, J F AD - USDA, ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - plants KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15928796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Modularity+in+plant+models&rft.au=Acock%2C+B%3BReynolds%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Acock&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrolysis by commercial enzyme mixtures of AFEX-treated corn fiber and isolated xylans AN - 15919493; 4048751 AB - Corn fiber is a coproduct produced during the corn wet-milling process and is similar to other high hemicellulose/cellulose-containing biomass such as grasses, straws, or bagasse, all of which represent potential fermentation feedstock for conversion into biofuels or other products. Corn fiber was subjected to ammonia-explosion (AFEX) treatment to increase degradability and then enzymatically digested with a combined mixture of commercial amylase, xylanase, and cellulase enzyme preparations. Whereas the starch and cellulose components were converted solely to glucose, oligosaccharides represented 30-40% of the xylan degradation products. This enzyme mixture also produced substantial oligosaccharides with xylans purified from corn fiber, corn germ, beechwood, oatspelt, or wheat germ. Commercial xylan-degrading enzyme preparations containing xylanase, xylosidase, and arabinosidase activities were then used alone or in varying combinations to attempt to maximize degradation of these isolated xylans of differing chemical compositions. The results showed that oatspelt and beechwood xylans were degraded most extensively (40-60%) with substantial amounts of xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose as products depending on the enzyme combination used. Corn fiber and wheat germ xylans, which contain large amounts of arabinose and uronic acid sidechains, were poorly degraded and only small amounts of arabinose and xylose and large amounts of pentamer or longer oligosaccharides were produced by enzymatic degradation. The data suggest that whereas enzymatic digestion of biomass hemicellulose does not produce toxic products, the process is not effective in producing a suitable fermentable substrate stream because of the low levels of monosaccharides and high levels of oligosaccharides produced. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Hespell, R B AU - O'Bryan, P J AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 87 EP - 95 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - beta -L-arabinosidase KW - corn fiber KW - xylan KW - xylan 1,4- beta -xylosidase KW - xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Zea mays KW - fermentation KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15919493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Hydrolysis+by+commercial+enzyme+mixtures+of+AFEX-treated+corn+fiber+and+isolated+xylans&rft.au=Hespell%2C+R+B%3BO%27Bryan%2C+P+J%3BMoniruzzaman%2C+M%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hespell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fermentation; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sphingolipids -- the enigmatic lipid class: Biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology AN - 15900413; 4038104 AB - The "sphingosin" backbone of sphingolipids was so named by J. L. W. Thudichum in 1884 for its enigmatic ("Sphinx-like") properties. Although still an elusive class of lipids, research on the involvement of sphingolipids in the signal transduction pathways that mediate cell growth, differentiation, multiple cell functions, and cell death has been rapidly expanding our understanding of these compounds. In addition to the newly discovered role of ceramide as an intracellular second messenger for tumor necrosis factor- alpha , IL-1 beta , and other cytokines, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and other sphingolipid metabolites have recently been demonstrated to modulate cellular calcium homeostasis and cell proliferation. Perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism using synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors of key enzymes of the biosynthetic pathways is aiding the characterization of these processes; for examples, inhibition of cerebroside synthase has indicated a role for ceramide in cellular stress responses including heat shock, and inhibition of ceramide synthase (by fumonisins) has revealed the role of disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in several animal diseases. Fumonisins are currently the focus of a FDA long-term tumor study. This review summarizes recent research on (i) the role of sphingolipids as important components of the diet, (ii) the role of sphingoid base metabolites and the ceramide cycle in expression of genes regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, (iii) the use of cerebroside synthase inhibitors as tools for understanding the role of sphingolipids as mediators of cell cycle progression, renal disease, and stress responses, and (iv) the involvement of disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in animal disease and cellular deregulation associated with exposure to inhibitors of ceramide synthase and serine palmitoyltransferase, key enzymes in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. These findings illustrate how an understanding of the function of sphingolipids can help solve questions in toxicology and this is undoubtedly only the beginning of this story. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Merrill, AH Jr AU - Schmelz, E-M AU - Dillehay, D L AU - Spiegel, S AU - Shayman, JA AU - Schroeder, J J AU - Riley, R T AU - Voss, KA AU - Wang, E AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 208 EP - 225 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - lipids KW - sphingolipids KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Sphingolipids+--+the+enigmatic+lipid+class%3A+Biochemistry%2C+physiology%2C+and+pathophysiology&rft.au=Merrill%2C+AH+Jr%3BSchmelz%2C+E-M%3BDillehay%2C+D+L%3BSpiegel%2C+S%3BShayman%2C+JA%3BSchroeder%2C+J+J%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BWang%2C+E&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sphingolipids; reviews; lipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal antibodies to vitellins of bollworm and tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Biochemical and ecological implications AN - 15877937; 4027409 AB - We partially characterized the antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against eggs of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and purified vitellin of Heliothis virescens (F.). Through western blot analysis following pore-limiting electrophoresis, both antibodies were shown to recognize vitellin specifically. Western blots generated following SDS-PAGE indicated that the determinant for the antibody produced to H. virescens vitellin (HVE-1) was found exclusively on the large molecular weight apoprotein of vitellin, apoVn-I. The determinant for the antibody produced to H. zea eggs (HZE-1) was not detected by western blot analysis following SDS-PAGE, indicating that its determinant was disrupted by protein denaturation. Electrophoretic analyses also indicated that the apparent molecular weights of native heliothine vitellins ranged from 472,000 to 522,000 and those of their apoproteins ranged from 164,000 to 169,000 (apoVn-I) and from 45,000 to 47,000 (apoVn-II). The species- and stage-specificities of the antibodies also was determined. The HZE-1 antibody was found to be specific for vitellin of H. zea and 2 Old World relatives, Helicoverpa armigera (Huebner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren), but did not recognize vitellins of H. virescens, Heliothis subflexa (Grote), or 3 genera of nonheliothine noctuids. The HVE-1 antibody recognized vitellins of all Helicoverpa-Heliothis species tested, but not those of the nonheliothine noctuids. Neither antibody cross-reacted with native proteins from homogenates or hemolymph of H. zea or H. virescens larvae or pupae. Western blots of adult hemolymph indicated that the antibodies also recognized vitellogenin, vitellin's precursor. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Goodman, CL AU - Greenstone, M H AU - Stuart, M K AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Agric. Res. Serv., Columbia, MO 65203-3535, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 83 EP - 90 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0013-3746, 0013-3746 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - diets KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Z 05171:Alimentary system & nutrition KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15877937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+antibodies+to+vitellins+of+bollworm+and+tobacco+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%3A+Biochemical+and+ecological+implications&rft.au=Goodman%2C+CL%3BGreenstone%2C+M+H%3BStuart%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00133746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; monoclonal antibodies; diets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Spiroplasma motility inhibition test, a new method for determining intraspecific variation among Colorado potato beetle spiroplasmas AN - 15877356; 4032127 AB - The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a major holarctic pest of solanaceous crops. Presumably, this insect spread from Solanum species in central America to the Mexican plateau, and this was followed by multiple invasions of North America and Europe. Attempts are being made to control this beetle by using a genetically modified spiroplasma that occurs naturally in its gut. In the current study, spiroplasmas isolated from beetles collected in North America and Poland exhibited serologic (spiroplasma motility inhibition test) and genomic (restriction fragment length polymorphism) profiles that suggest that there were multiple spiroplasma introductions. Two serovars were identified; one is found in northern North America and at high elevations in Poland, and the other is found in southern North America and at low elevations in Poland. The patterns of genovar distribution coincide with the serovar patterns. The existence of such biovars-intraspecific taxal units reflected by serologic and genomic differences-should be taken into consideration when taxonomies are developed and strains are chosen for biocontrol. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Hackett, K J AU - Lipa, J J AU - Gasparich, GE AU - Lynn, DE AU - Konai, M AU - Camp, M AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA, ARS, Rm. 214, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 33 EP - 37 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - North America KW - serotyping KW - gut KW - pathogens KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Poland KW - motility KW - Spiroplasma KW - taxonomy KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Chrysomelidae KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15877356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=The+Spiroplasma+motility+inhibition+test%2C+a+new+method+for+determining+intraspecific+variation+among+Colorado+potato+beetle+spiroplasmas&rft.au=Hackett%2C+K+J%3BLipa%2C+J+J%3BGasparich%2C+GE%3BLynn%2C+DE%3BKonai%2C+M%3BCamp%2C+M%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Chrysomelidae; North America; Poland; gut; serotyping; motility; restriction fragment length polymorphism; taxonomy; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a simple transient assay for Ac/Ds activity in cells of intact barley tissue AN - 15870056; 4021994 AB - The development of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) transformation system made it possible to consider the use of maize Activator /Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposable elements for gene tagging in transgenic barley plants. However, barley transformation is time-consuming, and therefore a simple transient assay for Ac/Ds activity in intact barley tissues was developed to test the components of a proposed gene tagging system, prior to their stable introduction into plants. In this assay, barley scutellar tissue is co-transformed with constructs containing the maize Ac transposase gene and an Escherichia coli uidA reporter gene (Gus), the expression of which is interrupted by a maize Ds element. In transformed barley scutellar cells, Ac transposase-mediated excision of the Ds element generates a functional Gus gene, leading to histochemically detectable GUS activity. Characterization of the excision products showed that they had a pattern of nucleotide deletions and/or transversions similar to that found in maize and other heterologous plant systems. In addition, although contrary to the situation observed in heterologous dicot systems, efficient Ds excision in barley, a heterologous monocot system, appears to be inversely associated with Ac copy number, a finding similar to the Ac dosage effects observed in maize. The transient assay was used to demonstrate functional transposase activity in barley callus lines stably transformed with an Ac transposase gene. JF - Plant Journal AU - McElroy, D AU - Louwerse, J D AU - McElroy, S M AU - Lemaux, P G AD - USDA-ARS/UC Berkeley Plant Gene Expression Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 157 EP - 165 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - transposon Ac KW - transposon Ds KW - uidA gene KW - Gus gene KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Zea mays KW - Escherichia coli KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07357:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+simple+transient+assay+for+Ac%2FDs+activity+in+cells+of+intact+barley+tissue&rft.au=McElroy%2C+D%3BLouwerse%2C+J+D%3BMcElroy%2C+S+M%3BLemaux%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hordeum vulgare; Zea mays; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does transpiration control stomatal responses to water vapour pressure deficit? AN - 15865577; 4024052 AB - Three types of observations were used to test the hypothesis that the response of stomatal conductance to a change in vapour pressure deficit is controlled by whole-leaf transpiration rate or by feedback from leaf water potential. Varying the leaf water potential of a measured leaf by controlling the transpiration rate of other leaves on the plant did not affect the response of stomatal conductance to vapour pressure deficit in Glycine max. In three species, stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit was eliminated when measurements were made at near-zero carbon dioxide concentrations, despite the much higher transpiration rates of leaves at low carbon dioxide. In Abutilon theophrasti, increasing vapour pressure deficit sometimes resulted in both decreased stomatal conductance and a lower transpiration rate even though the response of assimilation rate to the calculated substomatal carbon dioxide concentration indicated that there was no 'patchy' stomatal closure at high vapour pressure deficit in this case. These results are not consistent with stomatal closure at high vapour pressure deficit caused by increased whole-leaf transpiration rate or by lower leaf water potential. The lack of response of conductance to vapour pressure deficit in carbon dioxide-free air suggests that abscisic acid may mediate the response. JF - Plant, Cell & Environment AU - Bunce, JA AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 131 EP - 135 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0140-7791, 0140-7791 KW - stomatal conductance KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - transpiration KW - water potentials KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15865577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Does+transpiration+control+stomatal+responses+to+water+vapour+pressure+deficit%3F&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01407791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transpiration; water potentials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Speciation of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) in sediment extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography--hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry AN - 15820423; 4005046 AB - Determining the redox states of arsenic (As) in environmental samples is important due to the pronounced differences in toxicity and mobility of the various forms. We have combined the separation capabilities of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the sensitivity and element specificity of hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) to determine arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], which have been shown to be the most toxic and prevalent forms of As in soil and water. The HPLC-HGAAS technique gave retention times of 2.2 and 4.2 min for As(III) and As(V), respectively. Detection limits of 200 pg of As (0.8 mu g/L As in solution) were obtained for both As(III) and As(V). The technique was used to determine As(III) and As(V) in deionized water and 1 mM PO sub(4) sequential extracts of estuarine sediment, coal fly ash, and saline evaporation pond sediment. Coal fly ash contained no detectable deionized water-extractable As(III) or As(V), but contained appreciable PO sub(4)-extractable As(V). The As(III) species was detected in all extracts of estuarine sediment, though 1 mM PO sub(4) released primarily As(V). Evaporation pond sediment also contained primarily PO sub(4)-extractable As(V). JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Manning, BA AU - Martens, DA AD - USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 171 EP - 177 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - analytical methods KW - atomic absorption spectrophotometry KW - chemical speciation KW - chromatography KW - detection limits KW - pollution detection KW - retention time KW - sediment pollution KW - speciation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - arsenic KW - Freshwater KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15820423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Speciation+of+arsenic%28III%29+and+arsenic%28V%29+in+sediment+extracts+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography--hydride+generation+atomic+absorption+spectrophotometry&rft.au=Manning%2C+BA%3BMartens%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; sediments; arsenic; sediment pollution; pollution detection; chemical speciation; chromatography; speciation; analytical methods; retention time; detection limits; atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of VSH-1, a generalized transducing bacteriophage of Serpulina hyodysenteriae AN - 15809162; 3999836 AB - Serpulina hyodysenteriae B204 cells treated with mitomycin (20 mu g of mitomycin/ml of culture broth) lysed and released bacteriophages. Bacteriophage particles, precipitated by using polyethylene glycol and purified by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation, had a buoyant density of 1.375 g/cm super(3) and consisted of a head (45-nm diameter) and an ultrastructurally simple (noncontractile) tail (64 by 9 nm) composed of at least 13 proteins with molecular masses ranging between 13 and 101 kDa. The purified bacteriophage has been designated VSH-1 (VSH for virus of S. hyodysenteriae). VSH-1 was incapable of lytic growth on any of five intestinal spirochete strains, representing three Serpulina species. VSH-1 nucleic acid was determined to be approximately 7.5 kb in size and to be linear, double-stranded DNA based on differential staining with acridine orange, DNase I sensitivity, electrophoretic mobility, and contour length as measured by electron microscopy. Phage DNA digested by the restriction enzymes SspI, AseI, EcoRV, and AflII gave electrophoretic banding patterns nearly identical to those of digested chromosomal DNA from S. hyodysenteriae. Additionally, VSH-1 DNA fragments hybridized with probes complementary to S. hyodysenteriae chromosomal genes nox and flaA1. When purified bacteriophages induced from cultures of S. hyodysenteriae A203 ( Delta flaA1 593-762::cat) were added to growing cells of strain A216 ( Delta nox 438-760::kan), transductants (Cm super(r) Km super(r)) were obtained at a frequency of 1.5 x 10 super(-6) per phage particle (enumerated by electron microscopy). These findings indicate that induced VSH-1 virions package DNA of S. hyodysenteriae and are capable of transferring host genes between cells of that spirochete. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic transduction of a spirochete. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Humphrey, S B AU - Stanton, T B AU - Jensen, N S AU - Zuerner, R L AD - Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 323 EP - 329 VL - 179 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - isolation KW - phage VSH-1 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ultracentrifugation KW - DNA KW - transduction KW - density gradients KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15809162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+VSH-1%2C+a+generalized+transducing+bacteriophage+of+Serpulina+hyodysenteriae&rft.au=Humphrey%2C+S+B%3BStanton%2C+T+B%3BJensen%2C+N+S%3BZuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; transduction; density gradients; ultracentrifugation; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of watershed curve number using derived distributions AN - 13633999; 199704535 AB - A method is developed and evaluated for the practical use of derived frequency distributions to determine curve numbers from measured rainfall and runoff data. The method was compared with 3 other curve number estimation procedures. The effects of sample size and underlying curve number on accuracy and variability of curve number estimates were evaluated by a Monte Carlo simulation. The derived distribution method was tested with measured rainfall and runoff data with different watershed runoff characteristics. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Coshocton, Ohio Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 28 EP - 36 VL - 123 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13633999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Determination+of+watershed+curve+number+using+derived+distributions&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical flow constrains flow hydraulics in mobile-bed streams: a new hypothesis AN - 13629472; 199800552 AB - As a step towards developing a comprehensive theory that links flow hydraulics and bed forms across a range of channel types, it is proposed that a similar mechanism of flow-bed form interaction found in sand-bed streams also applies to other mobile-bed channels. The hypothesis predicted that interactions between the channel hydraulics and bed configuration prevent the Froude number (Fr) from exceeding one for more than short distances or periods of time. Detailed examination of the mechanism in two steep sand-bed streams on the Oregon coast revealed Froude numbers between 0.7 and 1.3 in 20 to 30 second cycles, with an average of 1.0 at the channel thalweg. Active- bed braided gravel rivers, step-pool streams, laboratory rills, lahar-runout channels and even some bedrock channels have a similar interaction, constraining the Froude number to one. If this hypothesis that high gradient streams adjust their hydraulics according to a common principle is validated it will provide a useful method of predicting flow hydraulics in mountain streams. There are 83 references. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Grant, GE AD - USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 349 EP - 358 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Steepness KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13629472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Critical+flow+constrains+flow+hydraulics+in+mobile-bed+streams%3A+a+new+hypothesis&rft.au=Grant%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel approach using solid phase extraction disks for extraction of pesticides from water AN - 13628441; 199800287 AB - The extraction of carbon-14 labelled pesticides by immersion of solid-phase extraction disks of octylsilica in water samples was investigated as an alternative to laboratory extraction. Periodically, the sample was decanted and the disk extracted with methanol in situ and analysed by gas chromatography. Shaking 47-mm extraction disks in 500 ml of sample for 20 h, followed by elution with ethyl acetate gave more than 70 per cent recovery of acetochlor, alachlor and atrazine, compared with more than 90 per cent recovery of atrazine by traditional vacuum filtration and extraction. The method might permit extraction of some pesticides in the field. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Barber, B L AD - USDA-ARS, St. Paul, Minn. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 558 EP - 560 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Alachlor KW - Analysis KW - Ethylacetate KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13628441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=A+novel+approach+using+solid+phase+extraction+disks+for+extraction+of+pesticides+from+water&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BBarber%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate losses in runoff and subsurface drain effluent from controlled-water-table plots AN - 13628025; 199800175 AB - Surface runoff was 46.5, 42.5, 45.5 and 43.1 per cent of total rainfall for the surface drainage only (SUR), conventional subsurface drainage at 1.2 m or more (DRN), controlled water table at 45 cm (CWT45) and controlled water table at 75 cm (CWT75) plots, respectively. Nitrate losses in surface runoff were 20, 14, 15 and 20 per cent of amounts added as fertilizers to SUR, DRN, CWT45 and CWT75, respectively. Effluent volume in subsurface drain water during 327 d following initial nitrogen-fertilizer application were 13.9, 12.7 and 13.1 of the total rainfall for the DRN, CWT45 and CWT75 plots, respectively. Nitrate losses in subsurface drain effluent from these plots were about 3 per cent of the amounts applied as nitrogen fertilizer. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Willis, G H AU - Southwick, L M AU - Fouss, J L AU - Carter, CE AU - Rogers, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, La. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 566 EP - 573 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13628025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Nitrate+losses+in+runoff+and+subsurface+drain+effluent+from+controlled-water-table+plots&rft.au=Willis%2C+G+H%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BCarter%2C+CE%3BRogers%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Portable and permanent flumes for channel flow measurement AN - 13627655; 199800374 AB - The use of vertically adjustable flumes to measure flow in lined and unlined canals is discussed. The device reduces upstream ponding which is often perceived as restricting flow. Operation of the flume, which is based on the theory of creating critical flow by forming a channel contraction, is described. Applications, including use as a shut-off structure and as an in-line gate to measure and regulate flow depth, are outlined. Commercial adaptation of 2 models constructed and tested in the laboratory are described. The features and operational capabilities of the portable flume, which combines new concepts with traditional field practices, are listed. JF - International Water & Irrigation Review AU - Replogle, JA AU - Wahlin, B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Phoenix, Ariz. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 8 EP - 12 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0334-5807, 0334-5807 KW - Equipment KW - Flow measurement (see also gauges gauging, meters) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13627655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Water+%26+Irrigation+Review&rft.atitle=Portable+and+permanent+flumes+for+channel+flow+measurement&rft.au=Replogle%2C+JA%3BWahlin%2C+B&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Water+%26+Irrigation+Review&rft.issn=03345807&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulics and erosion in eroding rills AN - 13627601; 199800528 AB - Rill hydraulics and erosion were investigated as a function of slope and discharge rate in a laboratory flume with two soils an a uniform sand, and in a field study with one of the soils on a hillside with slopes up to 20 per cent. Total mass discharge rate, sediment discharge rate, flow width, slope, sample length and flow velocity were measured. The results challenged the assumption, often common in hydrological and erosion models that relationships derived for sheet flow or larger channel flow were applicable to actively eroding rills. Velocity did not vary with slope and Reynolds number was not a consistent predictor of hydraulic friction. This result was due to interactions of gradient, flow rate, erosion and the formation of rill roughness, bed structures and head cuts. Stream power was a consistent predictor of unit sediment load for the entire data set, while other hydraulic variables were not; the relationship was a logistic curve which was superior to those of other erosion models. There are 46 references. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Nearing, MA AU - Norton, L D AU - Bulgakov, DA AU - Larionov, G A AU - West, L T AU - Dontsova, K M AD - USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, Ind. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 865 EP - 876 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Rill KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13627601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Hydraulics+and+erosion+in+eroding+rills&rft.au=Nearing%2C+MA%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BBulgakov%2C+DA%3BLarionov%2C+G+A%3BWest%2C+L+T%3BDontsova%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality as design criterion in drainage water management systems AN - 13626683; 199800846 AB - Existing design methods and design criteria for subsurface drainage systems in arid and semiarid irrigation areas are overviewed. Present design practices of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation are examined. The effects of modifications to include water quality in the design of subsurface drains are discussed. These criteria included the midpoint water table height and the depth and spacing of drain laterals. These concepts were demonstrated with design simulations for clay and sandy loams based on climate data from the San Joaquin valley and an irrigation schedule for cotton grown in the presence of shallow groundwater. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Ayars, JE AU - Grismer, ME AU - Guitjens, J C AD - USDA-ARS, Fresno, Calif. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 154 EP - 158 VL - 123 IS - 3 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13626683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Water+quality+as+design+criterion+in+drainage+water+management+systems&rft.au=Ayars%2C+JE%3BGrismer%2C+ME%3BGuitjens%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of coal surface mining on three Ohio watersheds - surface-water hydrology AN - 13625095; 199803562 AB - The effects of surface mining and the reclamation of originally undisturbed catchments on surface-water hydrology were studied in 3 experimental catchments originally 11.8-19.8 ha in area. Flow-duration curves, mass curves, peak flows and curve numbers were monitored before and during mining, and after reclamation. Occasional ground and aerial photographs were taken to monitor changes in the catchments. Slightly frequent higher daily flow volumes were noted during mining and reclamation compared with the initial state. Baseflow responses showed no consistent pattern. Seasonal variability was reduced by mining and not invariably restored by reclamation. Peak-flow response to rainfall was generally increased by mining and restoration. Curve numbers rose through mining and did not fall after reclamation. Although the sites were originally lithologically different, the final curve numbers were similar. JF - Journal of American Water Resources Association AU - Bonta, J V AU - Amerman, C R AU - Harlukowicz, T J AU - Dick, WA AD - USDA-ARS, Coshocton, Ohio Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 907 EP - 917 VL - 33 IS - 4 KW - Aerial KW - Reduction KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13625095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Impact+of+coal+surface+mining+on+three+Ohio+watersheds+-+surface-water+hydrology&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BAmerman%2C+C+R%3BHarlukowicz%2C+T+J%3BDick%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS AN - 13623817; 199802268 AB - The literature concerning the modelling of the behaviour of non-point source (NPS) pollutants during transport through the unsaturated zone is critically reviewed. The growing recognition of diffuse sources of pollution and their significance for ground and surface water pollution is emphasized, and the development of the necessary modelling techniques, coupled with the application of geographic information systems (GIS) for recording spatial variability is considered. The characteristics of the most frequently used GIS-based models for NPS pollutants are summarized in tabular format, and some of the factors affecting the reliability and uncertainty connected with present NPS modelling techniques are reviewed. Some indications concerning the probable future development of GIS-based modelling systems are also included. There are 256 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Corwin, D L AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Loague, K AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, Calif. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 2157 EP - 2175 VL - 31 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Spatial KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13623817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Modelling+nonpoint+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone+with+GIS&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BVaughan%2C+P+J%3BLoague%2C+K&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration of dye-saturated quaternized cellulose by bisulphite-mediated borohydride reduction of dye azo groups: an improved process for decolorization of textile wastewaters AN - 13621764; 199804458 AB - The hypothesis that bisulphite-mediated borohydride reduction of azo dyes could be efficiently used to reductively cleave dyes bound to quaternized cellulose and quaternized lignocellulose was tested. Experiments were conducted with 2 monoazo dyes, Orange II and Remazol Red F3B. The quaternized ammonium cellulose (QAC) anion exchanger bound maximally 1.17 mequiv Orange II per g or 1.07 mequiv F3B per g. Chloride and chlorate were ineffective in removing Orange II and F3B from QAC. Borohydride/bisulphite treatment prior to extraction with these anions increased the regenerated capacity and large decreases in solution colour intensity. HPLC confirmed that borohydride/bisulphite treatment reductively cleaved dye azo bonds. The efficiency of dye azo bond reduction was the same for dye in solution and exchanger-bound dye. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Laszlo, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Peoria, Ill. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 3647 EP - 3653 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Azodyes KW - Bisulphite KW - Orange ii KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13621764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Regeneration+of+dye-saturated+quaternized+cellulose+by+bisulphite-mediated+borohydride+reduction+of+dye+azo+groups%3A+an+improved+process+for+decolorization+of+textile+wastewaters&rft.au=Laszlo%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Laszlo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive model for nitrate load in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon AN - 13621649; 199803615 AB - Predictive models for nitrate in 4 streams in a catchment of the Cascade mountains were developed from 14 years' data. Nitrate load was selected because it represented a catchment-level integrated response to the biological, chemical and physical processes generating nitrate. Forty-seven independent variables were initially screened graphically and then a more restricted set was examined by stepwise multiple regression of the auto-regressive time-series type. The logarithm of the nitrate load was related to 6 independent variables. These were: the logarithm of the 14-d mean daily stream discharge; the current day's precipitation; the logarithm of the previous day's precipitation; total precipitation for the previous 7 d; a hydrograph position variable indicating the rising or falling limb; and the average maximal air temperature for the preceding 14 d. The models described annual cycle and seasonable trends and variations in nitrate loads but not large day to day variations like those associated with hydrograph peaks. JF - Journal of American Water Resources Association AU - Bakke, P D AU - Pyles, M R AD - USDA Forest Service, Klamath Falls, Ore. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 897 EP - 906 VL - 33 IS - 4 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13621649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Predictive+model+for+nitrate+load+in+the+Bull+Run+watershed%2C+Oregon&rft.au=Bakke%2C+P+D%3BPyles%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphologic response of subalpine streams to transbasin flow diversion AN - 13619142; 199803566 AB - The effects of flow diversion from Rocky mountain streams on the stream losing the flow were sought through impacts on subalpine step-pool, plane bed or pool-riffle channels. Several streams, of average catchment area 50 km2, were studied in the headwaters of the Colorado river. Diversions from these systems had occurred 20-100 years ago. Flow records, reconnaissance surveys, and channel unit surveys were undertaken. Flows before diversion were obtained from actual records or by modelling. Total annual discharges had been reduced 20-60 per cent and the average annual peak flow by up to 45 per cent. Channel widths were reduced 35-50 per cent, principally through colonization by riparian plant species and the development of an inset beside former cut banks. This observation applied only to wider pool-riffle channels with gravel bars. Morphological changes were either subtle or absent outside these areas. This lack of widespread response probably resulted from high flows during wetter-than-average years. These events potentially offset changes in form incurred during dry periods. The stable nature and structure of subalpine channels also contributed to the absence of reduced capacity. There are 51 references. JF - Journal of American Water Resources Association AU - Ryan, S AD - USDA Forest Service, Laramie, Wyo. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 839 EP - 854 VL - 33 IS - 4 KW - Equipment KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Nature KW - Plants (see also aquatic macrophytes, grps below) KW - Reconnaissance KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13619142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Morphologic+response+of+subalpine+streams+to+transbasin+flow+diversion&rft.au=Ryan%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the effects of nonpoint source pollution controls on Sny Magill Creek, Clayton County, Iowa AN - 1008820926; 2012-041111 JF - Midwest Ground Water Conference AU - Seigley, Lynette S AU - Wilton, Tom AU - Wunder, Gaige AU - May, Jayne AU - Schueller, Mike AU - Birmingham, Mike AU - Tisl, Jeff AU - Palas, Eric AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 45 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 42 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - fertilizers KW - monitoring KW - Clayton County Iowa KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - nonpoint sources KW - Iowa KW - nutrients KW - controls KW - Sny Magill Creek KW - sediments KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+effects+of+nonpoint+source+pollution+controls+on+Sny+Magill+Creek%2C+Clayton+County%2C+Iowa&rft.au=Seigley%2C+Lynette+S%3BWilton%2C+Tom%3BWunder%2C+Gaige%3BMay%2C+Jayne%3BSchueller%2C+Mike%3BBirmingham%2C+Mike%3BTisl%2C+Jeff%3BPalas%2C+Eric%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Seigley&rft.aufirst=Lynette&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 42nd annual Midwest groundwater conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03005 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Clayton County Iowa; controls; fertilizers; hydrology; Iowa; monitoring; nitrates; nonpoint sources; nutrients; pesticides; pollution; sediments; Sny Magill Creek; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current trends in human diseases associated with foods of animal origin. AN - 78615058; 8960177 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Morris, J G AD - Epidemiology and Emergency Response Program, USDA, FSIS, EERP, Washington, DC 20250-3700, USA. Y1 - 1996/12/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Dec 15 SP - 2045 EP - 2047 VL - 209 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Toxoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Toxoplasmosis -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food Parasitology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78615058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Current+trends+in+human+diseases+associated+with+foods+of+animal+origin.&rft.au=Morris%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-15&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of ultralow-volume aerial sprays of insecticide for mosquito control. AN - 78687628; 9046465 AB - This review of research on ultralow-volume (ULV) aerial sprays for mosquito control is a component of an Aerial SPray EXpert system (ASPEX). Topics include application volume, adulticiding, larviciding, droplet size, and meteorology. The review discusses the efficacy of ULV aerial sprays against many important pest and vector species of mosquitoes in a wide range of locations and habitats in the USA and in some countries of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Nine conclusions were drawn from this review. 1) ULV applications are as effective for mosquito control as highly-diluted, water-based sprays. 2) More acres can be sprayed per aircraft load with the ULV method than with dilute sprays. 3) High-altitude ULV sprays using wide or stacked swaths could be used in emergencies if wind speed and direction data at appropriate altitudes are available to accurately place the spray. 4) Successful adult mosquito control can be achieved in dense foliage or open housing with ULV aerial sprays, but doses of insecticide must be increased. 5) ULV aerial application of mosquito larvicides can be used successfully in large areas. 6) The optimum droplet size for adult mosquito control is 5-25 microns volume median diameter (VMD). 7) For mosquito adulticiding, near optimum atomization of ULV sprays is achieved with flat-fan nozzles oriented straight down or slightly forward for high-speed aircraft (> or = 150 mph) or rotary atomizers on slow-speed aircraft (< 150 mph). 8) Optimum atomization minimizes paint spotting. 9) Maximum adult mosquito control is achieved just after sunrise and just before sunset with 2-10-mph crosswinds. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Mount, G A AU - Biery, T L AU - Haile, D G AD - Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 601 EP - 618 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva KW - Meteorological Concepts KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Culicidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78687628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=A+review+of+ultralow-volume+aerial+sprays+of+insecticide+for+mosquito+control.&rft.au=Mount%2C+G+A%3BBiery%2C+T+L%3BHaile%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dietary fumonisin B1-containing culture material, deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat, or their combination on growing barrows. AN - 78586727; 8950437 AB - To examine the toxic effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1)-containing culture material and deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated wheat diets on barrows. 24, 7-week-old crossbred barrows allotted to 4 equal groups of 3 replicates of 2 barrows/replicate. Barrows were fed diets for 28 days that were formulated as follows: no additional FCM or DON/kg of feed (control); 100 mg FB1/kg of feed; 5 mg DON/kg of feed; or 100 mg FB1 plus 5 mg DON/kg of feed. Body weight and feed consumption were monitored weekly. On day 28, blood samples were obtained for serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic measurements. On day 29, barrows were euthanatized and necropsies were performed. Analyzed mycotoxin content of diets were: none detected (control); 47 mg of FB1/kg of feed (FB1 diet); 4.5 mg of DON/kg of feed (DON diet); and 56 mg of FB1 and 3.7 mg of DON/kg of feed (FB1 plus DON diet). Differences were detected among groups of barrows for clinical performance, serum biochemical analytes, immunologic response, and histopathologic lesions. Combining FB1-containing material and DON-contaminated wheat in the diets of growing barrows induces a more toxic response than that induced by either toxin singly. For many variables, the response could be described as additive; however, for some variables, responses were interactive in a greater-than-additive manner. Caution should be exercised when formulating swine diets that could contain FB1 and DON, because the condition induced by their combination is more severe than that predicted for each mycotoxin's toxicity. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Casper, H H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AU - Turk, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College' Station, TX 77845, USA. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 1790 EP - 1794 VL - 57 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Lung -- anatomy & histology KW - Animal Feed KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Orchiectomy KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Triticum KW - Carboxylic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Food Contamination KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78586727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+fumonisin+B1-containing+culture+material%2C+deoxynivalenol-contaminated+wheat%2C+or+their+combination+on+growing+barrows.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BCasper%2C+H+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E%3BTurk%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1790&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loess stratigraphy of the Lower Mississippi Valley AN - 52753625; 1997-019491 AB - Loesses of the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) are world-famous. Sir Charles Lyell (1847), Hilgard (1860), Stafford (1869), Call (1891) and Mabry (1898), thought the LMV loess was a single water deposit although "double submergence" was noted by Call (1891) and Salisbury (1891). Shimek (1902) and Emerson (1918) recognized LMV loess as a wind deposit which came from the valley. Although wind-deposited loess gained wide acceptance, Russell (1944a) published his controversial theory of "loessification" which entailed weathering of backswamp deposits, downslope movement and recharge by carbonates to form loess. Wascher et al. (1947) identified three LMV loesses, mapped distributions and strongly supported eolian deposition. Leighton and Willman (1950), identified four loesses and supported eolian deposition as did Krinitzsky and Turnbull (1967) and Snowden and Priddy (1968), but Krinitzsky and Turnbull questioned the deepest loess. Daniels and Young (1968) and Touchet and Daniels (1970) studied the distribution of loesses in south-central Louisiana. West et al. (1980) and Rutledge et al. (1985) studied the source areas and wind directions which deposited the loesses on and adjoining Crowley's Ridge. B.J. Miller and co-workers (Miller et al., 1985, 1986 Miller and Alford, 1985) proposed that the Loveland Silt was Early Wisconsin rather than Illinoian age and advanced the name Sicily Island loess. They proposed the underlying loess was Illinoian and advanced the name Crowley's Ridge. We termed the loesses, from the surface downward, Peoria Loess, Roxana Silt, Loveland/Sicily Island loess, Crowley's Ridge Loess and Marianna loess. Researchers agree that the surficial Peoria Loess is Late Wisconsin and the Roxana Silt is Late to Middle Wisconsin, but little agreement exists on the age of the older loesses. Pye and Johnson (1988) proposed Early Wisconsin for the Loveland/Sicily Island. McKay and Follmer (1985) suggested this loess correlated with a loess under Illinoian till. Clark et al. (1989) agreed on Crowley's Ridge, but suggested the Loveland/Sicily Island loess on Sicily Island was older. Mirecki and Miller (1994) and Millard and Maat (1994) suggested an Illinoian age for the Loveland/Sicily Island loess. Miller and co-workers suggested, as did Pye and Johnson (1988), an Illinoian age for the Crowley's Ridge loess. McKay and Follmer (1985) suggested it correlated with a loess under "Kansan" till. Stratigraphy indicates the Marianna is the older of the five loesses. Researchers identified loess on both the east and west side of the LMV as well as on higher terraces within the valley. Many researchers assumed unaltered loesses were commonly yellowish brown, and silts or silt loams (West et al., 1980; Miller et al., 1986). The nonclay fraction of unweathered LMV loesses was dominated by quartz followed by carbonates, mainly dolomites, followed by feldspars, and micas. Clays were dominated by montmorillonite followed by micaceous minerals, kaolinite and vermiculite (Miller et al., 1986). Soils in the Crowley's Ridge loess are most developed, followed by the soils in the Loveland/Sicily Island which are more developed than the modern soils in the Peoria Loess. Soils in the Roxana and Marianna loesses are least developed and the Farmdale Soil of the Roxana is the weaker of the two (Miller et al., 1986). There is certainly overlapping range in the degree of soil development in the various loesses. JF - Engineering Geology AU - Rutledge, E M AU - Guccione, M J AU - Markewich, H W AU - Wysocki, D A AU - Ward, L B A2 - Saucier, Roger T. A2 - Smith, Lawson M. A2 - Autin, Whitney J. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 167 EP - 183 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 45 IS - 1-4 SN - 0013-7952, 0013-7952 KW - United States KW - Cenozoic KW - lithostratigraphy KW - Quaternary KW - Mississippi Valley KW - clastic sediments KW - sediments KW - Lower Mississippi Valley KW - loess KW - correlation KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52753625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+Geology&rft.atitle=Loess+stratigraphy+of+the+Lower+Mississippi+Valley&rft.au=Rutledge%2C+E+M%3BGuccione%2C+M+J%3BMarkewich%2C+H+W%3BWysocki%2C+D+A%3BWard%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Engineering+Geology&rft.issn=00137952&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00137952 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Conference on Geology in the Lower Mississippi Valley; implications for engineering, the half century since Fisk, 1944 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EGGOAO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; clastic sediments; correlation; lithostratigraphy; loess; Lower Mississippi Valley; Mississippi Valley; Quaternary; sediments; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary carbonates in three fine and fine-loamy Alfisols in Michigan AN - 52611785; 1998-030636 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Schaetzl, Randall J AU - Frederick, William E AU - Tornes, Lawrence Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 1862 EP - 1870 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Michigan Lower Peninsula KW - pedogenesis KW - soil profiles KW - secondary minerals KW - Calhoun County Michigan KW - Alfisols KW - Iosco County Michigan KW - fine-grained materials KW - classification KW - parent materials KW - acidic composition KW - Michigan KW - carbonates KW - Midwest KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52611785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Secondary+carbonates+in+three+fine+and+fine-loamy+Alfisols+in+Michigan&rft.au=Schaetzl%2C+Randall+J%3BFrederick%2C+William+E%3BTornes%2C+Lawrence&rft.aulast=Schaetzl&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 plate, 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidic composition; Alfisols; Calhoun County Michigan; carbonates; classification; fine-grained materials; Iosco County Michigan; Michigan; Michigan Lower Peninsula; Midwest; parent materials; pedogenesis; secondary minerals; soil profiles; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of morningglory species using Fusarium solani and its extracts AN - 16518735; 4420483 AB - Natural products of an isolate of Fusarium solani App. & Wr. NRRL 18883 grown on rice medium were discovered to be phytotoxic to morningglory. This isolate was evaluated for biocontrol potential on morningglory species including ivyleaf [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.], multicoloured (I. tricolor Cav.), palmleaf (I. wrightii Gray), pitted (I. lacunosa L.), purple moonflower (I. turbinata Lag.), red (I. coccinea L.), sharppod (I. cordatotriloba Dennstedt), smallflower [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb], and tall [I. purpurea (L.) Roth] morningglory. When sprayed at a concentration of 10 g fungus-infested rice per 50 ml of water, this isolate caused phytotoxic damage including necrosis, chlorosis, growth inhibition, and mortality. Deleterious effects were recorded in all species, ranging from necrotic spots to death, depending on the species. Mortality ranged from 0% at 3 weeks for purple moonflower to 89% for smallflower morningglory. Soil-drench application (10-20 ml fungal material per 150 g soil) caused wilting and death. Root lengths of 7- and 10-day-old plants were reduced between 19 and 89% by soil-drench application and 17-84% by spray application. Whole plant length reduction of 7- and 10-day-old plants ranged from 0 to 96%, and 39 to 96% for soil-drench and spray applications, respectively. Testing of F. solani on weed and crop species showed that most broadleaved species were sensitive but monocotyledons were immune. Tests of the phytotoxic extract for known phytotoxins such as common trichothecene (deoxynivalenol) and non-trichothecene compounds (fusaric acid, monoliformin, fumonisins) were negative. This is the first report of the use of F. solani against morningglory. JF - International Journal of Pest Management AU - Abbas, H K AU - Boyette, C D AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., PO Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 235 EP - 239 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0967-0874, 0967-0874 KW - biological control KW - mortality KW - phytotoxins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16518735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Pest+Management&rft.atitle=Control+of+morningglory+species+using+Fusarium+solani+and+its+extracts&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Pest+Management&rft.issn=09670874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the costs of food safety regulation AN - 16517751; 4420141 AB - Discusses the benefits and costs of food safety policies. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - MacDonald, J M AU - Crutchfield, S AD - USDA, Economic Res. Serv., Food and Consumer Econ. Div. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1285 EP - 1290 VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16517751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+costs+of+food+safety+regulation&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+J+M%3BCrutchfield%2C+S&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The first five years in the reorganization of aboveground biomass and nutrient use following Hurricane Hugo in the Bisley Experimental Watersheds, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico AN - 16437936; 4337267 AB - Five years after Hurricane Hugo reduced the aboveground biomass by 50 percent in two forested watersheds in the Luquiollo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico, regeneration and growth of survivors had increased the aboveground biomass to 86 percent of the pre-hurricane value. Over the 5 yr, the net aboveground productivity averaged 21.6 Mg/ha/yr and was faster than most plantations and secondary forests in the area. Woodfall and associated nutrient fluxes never attained pre-storm values but by the fifth yr, mean daily total litterfall, and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg fluxes in litterfall were 83, 74, 62, 98, 75, and 81 percent of their pre-disturbance values, respectively. Aboveground nutrient pools of these nutrients ranged from 102 to 161 percent of their pre-disturbance values and were larger after 5 yr because of higher nutrient concentrations in the regeneration compared to the older wood that it replaced. The following sequence of ecosystem reorganization during this first 5 yr period is suggested. An initial period of foliage production and crown development occurred as hurricane survivors re-leafed and herbaceous vegetation and woody regeneration became established. During this period, 75 to 92 percent of the nutrient uptake was retained in the aboveground vegetation and there was a relatively low rate of aboveground carbon accumulation per mole of nutrient cycled. This initial period of canopy development was followed by a peak in aboveground productivity that occurred as early successional species entered the sapling and pole stages. This period was followed by the establishment of the litterfall nutrient cycle and an increase in the net productivity per mole of nutrient cycled,. During this 5 yr period, the Bisley forest had some of the lowest within-stand nutrient-use-efficiencies and some of the highest levels of aboveground productivity ever observed in the LEF. The study demonstrates that high levels of productivity and rapid rates of aboveground reorganization can be achieved with rapid within-system cycling and inefficient within-stand nutrient use. JF - Biotropica AU - Scatena, F N AU - Moya, S AU - Estrada, C AU - Chinea, J D AD - Intl. Inst. Trop. Forest., USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-2500, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 424 EP - 440 VL - 28 IS - 4, pt. A SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Hurricane Hugo KW - Puerto Rico KW - forests KW - hurricanes KW - nutrient cycles KW - nutrient utilization KW - productivity KW - resource allocation KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16437936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=The+first+five+years+in+the+reorganization+of+aboveground+biomass+and+nutrient+use+following+Hurricane+Hugo+in+the+Bisley+Experimental+Watersheds%2C+Luquillo+Experimental+Forest%2C+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Scatena%2C+F+N%3BMoya%2C+S%3BEstrada%2C+C%3BChinea%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Scatena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4%2C+pt.+A&rft.spage=424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Long term responses of Caribbean ecosystems to disturbance. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous culture of pig tissue-derived macrophages AN - 16359639; 4217848 AB - Normal tissue macrophages from fetal and adult pig tissues can be continuously cultured by growing simple explant cultures on feeder layers of STO mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Macrophage cultures initiated from fetal and newborn pig testicle and liver explants grew from eight to 30 population doublings. The macrophages grew on top of the STO feeder cells in two forms: either a semi-attached round refractile morphology, or a closely attached ameboid morphology with several extended pseudopods. Cultured macrophages had large lobed nuclei, numerous complex vacuoles, and filopodia by transmission electron microscopic examination. The macrophages rapidly took up and sequestered acetylated-LDL in their vacuoles. They were highly phagocytic and expressed CD14 on their surface. Macrophage cultures were also initiated from tissues of the turkey, rat, mouse, cow, and sheep (data not shown). This simple method of isolating and propagating tissue macrophages could routinely provide macrophages for general research, adoptive immunotherapy, and somatic gene therapy (DBO). JF - Methods in Cell Science AU - Talbot, N C AU - Paape, MJ AD - USDA, ARS, LPSI, GEML, Bldg. 200, Rm. 13, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 315 EP - 327 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1381-5741, 1381-5741 KW - continuous culture KW - macrophages KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16359639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.atitle=Continuous+culture+of+pig+tissue-derived+macrophages&rft.au=Talbot%2C+N+C%3BPaape%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.issn=13815741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Background and catastrophic tree mortality in tropical moist, wet, rain forests AN - 16355122; 4314923 AB - The process of tree mortality has dimensions of intensity, spatial, and temporal scales that reflect the characteristics of endogenic processes (i.e., senescence) and exogenic disturbances (i.e., severity, frequency, duration, spatial scale, and points of interaction with the ecosystem). Tree mortality events expressed as percent of stems or biomass per unit area, range in intensity from background (5% yr super(-1)), in spatial scale from local to massive, and in temporal scale from gradual to sudden (hours to weeks). Absolute annual rates of background tree mortality (biomass or stem ha super(-1) yr super(-1)) can vary several fold depending on stand conditions and tend to increase with stem density. The ecological effects of a catastrophic, massive, and sudden tree mortality event contrast with those of background, local, and gradual tree mortality in terms of the direction of succession after the event, community dynamics, nutrient cycling, and possibly selection on trees. When standardized for the return frequency of disturbance events, area, and topography, the ranking of tree mortality events (trees ha super(-1) century super(-1)) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest is: background > hurricanes > individual tree fall gaps > landslides. Estimates of vegetation turnover rates require long-term and spatial analysis to yield accurate results. JF - Biotropica AU - Lugo, A E AU - Scatena, F N AD - Intl. Inst. Trop. Forest., USDA Forest Serv., PO Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 585 EP - 599 VL - 28 IS - 4, pt. A SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Puerto Rico KW - forests KW - mortality KW - scaling KW - stand structure KW - succession KW - trees KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16355122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Background+and+catastrophic+tree+mortality+in+tropical+moist%2C+wet%2C+rain+forests&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BScatena%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4%2C+pt.+A&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Long term responses of Caribbean ecosystems to disturbance. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A twelve-year comparison of stand changes in a mahogany plantation and a paired natural forest of similar age AN - 16352968; 4314920 AB - We compared forest structure over a 12 yr period (1982-1994) that included measurements before and after a severe hurricane in two forests: a 64 yr old Swietenia macrophylla tree plantation and a paired natural forest of similar age in a subtropical wet forest life zone at 200 m elevation in Puerto Rico. We measured trees greater than or equal to 4 cm diameter at breast height in a 40 x 50 m plot at each forest type. The natural forest had lower total tree height (8.8 vs. 10.2 m in 1984), and greater basal area (35.7 vs. 28.5 m super(2)/ha in 1989) and tree density (1525 vs. 969 trees/ha in 1989) than the plantation. Rates of tree mortality and ingrowth to the greater than or equal to 4 cm diameter class were higher in the plantation than in the natural forest. Both forest types exhibited the same rate of change in these structural parameters before and after Hurricane Hugo. However, Hurricane Hugo caused a greater reduction in the rate of change of tree density and basal area of the plantation than it did in the natural forest. After the hurricane, the plantation experienced a greater fluctuation in tree species composition and tree species abundance than did the natural forest. Tree ingrowth was lower than tree mortality in both stands. By 1994, all measured rates of change were at pre-hurricane levels. The species composition and structural changes required to make the plantation more productive in terms of stemwood biomass appear to make the plantation more vulnerable to hurricane wind effects and this in turn causes greater rates of change in species composition, tree mortality, and tree ingrowth during the initial phase following the disturbance. JF - Biotropica AU - Fu, S AU - Rodriguez Pedraza, C AU - Lugo, A E AD - Intl. Inst. Trop. Forest., USDA Forest Serv., P.O. BOX 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 515 EP - 524 VL - 28 IS - 4, pt. A SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Puerto Rico KW - forests KW - hurricanes KW - plantations KW - stand structure KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16352968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=A+twelve-year+comparison+of+stand+changes+in+a+mahogany+plantation+and+a+paired+natural+forest+of+similar+age&rft.au=Fu%2C+S%3BRodriguez+Pedraza%2C+C%3BLugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4%2C+pt.+A&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Long term responses of Caribbean ecosystems to disturbance. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a chimeric Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus containing the leader gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus AN - 16263292; 4242439 AB - The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader coding region (Lb) was cloned into a full-length cDNA of the DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) replacing the complete L coding region of TMEV. This construct, pDAFSSC1-Lb, was engineered to contain cleavage sites, at the 3' end of the Lb coding region, for both the FMDV Lb and the TMEV 3C proteases. Transcripts derived from this construct were translated in a cell-free system. Analysis of the translation products showed efficient synthesis and processing of TMEV structural and nonstructural proteins as well as a major band that comigrated with FMDV Lb and was reactive with Lb antiserum. A small plaque virus was recovered from BHK-21 cells transfected with RNA derived from pDAFSSC1-Lb. RT-PCR of RNA isolated from DAFSSC1-Lb virus demonstrated a product corresponding in size and sequence to FMDV Lb. DAFSSC1-Lb virus grew slower than parental virus, DAFSSC1, and to a lower titer. The pattern of viral proteins synthesized in DAFSSC1-Lb virus-infected cells was very similar to the pattern in DAFSSC1 virus-infected cells except that significant amounts of FMDV Lb were produced. In addition, extracts from DAFSSC1-Lb-virus-infected cells cleaved an exogenous source of the translation initiation factor, p220, while DAFSSC1-virus-infected extracts did not. Chimeric viruses that contain coding regions from different picornaviral genera may be valuable tools in investigating the function of particular viral proteins and in studying disease pathogenesis. JF - Virology AU - Piccone, ME AU - Chen, H-H AU - Roos, R P AU - Grubman, MJ AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, New York 11944, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 135 EP - 139 VL - 226 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Lb gene KW - Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus KW - double prime Lb gene KW - chimeras KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - gene fusion KW - leader sequence KW - pathogenesis KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - N3 11130:Neurovirology KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22031:Viral nucleic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16263292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+chimeric+Theiler%27s+murine+encephalomyelitis+virus+containing+the+leader+gene+of+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus&rft.au=Piccone%2C+ME%3BChen%2C+H-H%3BRoos%2C+R+P%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Piccone&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Values and economics in environmental management: A perspective and critique AN - 16255996; 4247495 AB - Several categories of non-market value have been identified for forests and other natural environments: use value, option value, altruism, bequest value, existence value and intrinsic value. In this paper, we view these values from a psychological perspective. Non-market values arise because natural resources play important roles in furthering human goals. This goal perspective contrasts with intrinsic value - the idea that natural objects have value as ends in themselves regardless of their relationship to man. Because of the lack of precise definitions, elements of intrinsic value are often mixed with existence value, creating confusion in the literature. These resource values need to be examined on a logical as well as an empirical basis. We argue that careful scrutiny reveals problems with both existence value and intrinsic value so that it is important to question their role in policy formation and analysis. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - More, T A AU - Averill, J R AU - Stevens, TH AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 397 EP - 409 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - contingent valuation KW - economics KW - environment management KW - environmental perception KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16255996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Values+and+economics+in+environmental+management%3A+A+perspective+and+critique&rft.au=More%2C+T+A%3BAverill%2C+J+R%3BStevens%2C+TH&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual biology and mating disruption of orange tortrix, Argyrotaenia citrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 16255477; 4239463 AB - Studies were conducted to characterize the sexual biology of Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald) and to evaluate the potential of sex pheromones to disrupt moth communication. Both males and females are sexually active during their first scotophase. Virgin females start calling 3 hrs into scotophase and continue until sunrise. Calling frequency by virgins is lower during the first than in subsequent nights. Females generally mate once during a scotophase. Calling is reduced after mating for one scotophase and then increases though mated females continue to call less frequently than virgins. Peak calling. by mated females is delayed several hours compared with virgins. Females may remate after 1-3 days. Males can mate more than once per scotophase. Oviposition is concentrated during early scotophase. Females laid an average of five egg masses. Communication and mating disruption were evaluated in replicated 0.1 ha plots and 100 m super(2) field cages treated with field-aged polyethylene tube dispensers releasing 0.7-1.2 mg/d of either (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate alone or in a 15:1 blend with (Z)-11-tetradecenal. Mating of tethered females in field cages and catches of lure and female-baited traps in small field plots were nearly completely disrupted with the two component blend. Dispensers emitting only the acetate pheromone were less effective in disrupting moth communication in similar tests. JF - Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia AU - Knight, AL AD - USDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 111 EP - 120 VL - 93 SN - 0071-0733, 0071-0733 KW - Leaf rollers KW - Leaf tyers KW - Lepidoptera KW - calling behavior KW - mating disruption KW - oviposition KW - sex pheromone KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16255477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+British+Columbia&rft.atitle=Sexual+biology+and+mating+disruption+of+orange+tortrix%2C+Argyrotaenia+citrana+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Knight%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+British+Columbia&rft.issn=00710733&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a newly developed rapid microbial ATP bioluminescence assay to detect microbial contamination on poultry carcasses AN - 16115662; 4215904 AB - A newly developed rapid microbial ATP bioluminescence test (R-mATP) was shown to be an adequate means to assay the microbial load of poultry carcasses. This assay utilizes differential extraction and filtration to separate somatic from microbial ATP in a very rapid timeframe. The assay requires approximately 5 min to complete; approximately 3.5 min to sample and 90 s analytical time. Correlation coefficient (r) between aerobic colony counts and R-mATP test results (n = 329) was 0.82. Post-test probabilities to correctly classify carcasses with different levels of microbial contamination were as high as 98% for samples of greater than or equal to 3.5 log aerobic CFU per ml. Given the rapidity of this assay, the R-mATP holds potential for monitoring the microbial load of carcasses at poultry-processing critical control points. Other potential applications of this new version of the microbial ATP bioluminescence test are discussed. JF - Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Cutter, C N AU - Perino, L J AU - Koohmaraie, M AD - United States Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv. (USDA-ARS), Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Res. Cent., PO Box 166, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 297 EP - 301 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0884-3996, 0884-3996 KW - microbial contamination KW - poultry KW - bioluminescence KW - microbial pollution KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - food contamination KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16115662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bioluminescence+and+Chemiluminescence&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+newly+developed+rapid+microbial+ATP+bioluminescence+assay+to+detect+microbial+contamination+on+poultry+carcasses&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BDorsa%2C+W+J%3BCutter%2C+C+N%3BPerino%2C+L+J%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bioluminescence+and+Chemiluminescence&rft.issn=08843996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Campylobacter jejuni; microbial contamination; food contamination; poultry; bioluminescence; microbial pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasensitive detection of phytoplasmas by nested-PCR assays using two universal primer pairs AN - 16081785; 4112296 AB - A new universal oligonucleotide primer pair R16mF2/R1 and a modified universal oligonucleotide primer pair R16F2n/R2 for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were designed on the basis of comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from 19 phytoplasmas (previously called mycoplasmalike organisms), 48 related mollicutes, and other prokaryotes. These primer pairs specifically initiated amplification of 16S rDNA sequences from representatives of all known phytoplasma 16S rRNA groups plus one closely related Acholeplasma strain. These primer pairs did not initiate amplification from any healthy plant host or any plant pathogenic bacteria tested. Direct PCR assays using the new primer pair R16mF2 /R1 allowed sensitive detection of phytoplasmas from most woody hosts, including ornamental and fruit trees where the associated phytoplasmas had not been readily detected before. Nested-PCR assays using two universal primer pairs, R16mF2/R1 and R16F2n/R2, increased detection sensitivity over 100 fold and readily detected phytoplasmas from all the woody hosts and insect hosts tested. RFLP analysis of the nested-PCR products allowed identification of the primary phytoplasma(s) associated with each tissue sample. JF - Phytopathologia Mediterranea AU - Gundersen, DE AU - Lee, I-M AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 144 EP - 151 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0031-9466, 0031-9466 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phytoplasma KW - Acholeplasma KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01115:Mycoplasmas KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16081785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathologia+Mediterranea&rft.atitle=Ultrasensitive+detection+of+phytoplasmas+by+nested-PCR+assays+using+two+universal+primer+pairs&rft.au=Gundersen%2C+DE%3BLee%2C+I-M&rft.aulast=Gundersen&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathologia+Mediterranea&rft.issn=00319466&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acholeplasma; phytoplasma; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of union mild etch, a newly recognized disorder, on almond scions growing on Marianna 2624 rootstock AN - 16011367; 4081084 AB - Symptoms of union mild etch (UME) disease appeared on young trees of almond (Prunus dulcis) and consisted of light green to yellow drooped leaves that detached prematurely from current-season shoots otherwise exhibiting normal growth and development. Concomitantly, a mild etching was observed in the woody cylinder at the junction of the almond scions and the plum rootstock, Marianna 2624 (P. cerasifera x P. munsoniana). Affected trees were diagnosed in several orchards; one orchard had a 75% incidence and some trees died the same year they were diagnosed. However, many trees appeared to recover, with partial or complete lack of symptoms. Transmission attempts by grafting bud chips and bark patches to healthy almond/Marianna 2624 trees proved unsuccessful. Similarly, assays for viral, phytoplasma, and root rot pathogens were negative. The causal agent of UME is currently unknown. Measurements of tree trunks and nut harvests over four seasons showed that UME-affected Mission trees had significantly lower yields and less vegetative growth than healthy trees. JF - Plant Disease AU - Uyemoto, J K AU - Connell, J H AU - Greer, CA AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1406 EP - 1408 VL - 80 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - union mild etch KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - etiology KW - Prunus dulcis KW - transmission KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16011367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effects+of+union+mild+etch%2C+a+newly+recognized+disorder%2C+on+almond+scions+growing+on+Marianna+2624+rootstock&rft.au=Uyemoto%2C+J+K%3BConnell%2C+J+H%3BGreer%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Uyemoto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus dulcis; transmission; etiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capsular hyaluronic acid-mediated adhesion of Pasteurella multocida to turkey air sac macrophages AN - 16007931; 4080758 AB - Serogroup A strains of Pasteurella multocida, the major cause of fowl cholera, are resistant to phagocytosis in nonimmunized birds. Adherence studies with a capsulated strain of P. multocida (serotype A:3) and turkey air sac macrophages in culture showed that the bacteria were capable of adhering in large numbers to the macrophages but were not internalized. A noncapsulated variant of the bacteria (serotype -:3) showed little or no adherence and was not internalized. These data indicated that the adhesive properties were caused by the presence of a capsule on the bacteria. The role of capsular hyaluronic acid in adherence to macrophages was investigated. Depolymerization of the bacterial capsule with hyaluronidase increased phagocytosis by macrophage cultures, and addition of hyaluronic acid to the macrophages inhibited bacterial adherence. Additionally, exposure of macrophages to chondroitin sulfate B, an anionic polysaccharide similar to hyaluronic acid, did not affect the adhesive properties and resistance to phagocytosis of capsulated organisms. Treatment of macrophages with sodium metaperiodate or trypsin suppressed bacterial binding. Collectively, these data indicate that P. multocida adhesion to air sac macrophages, but not internalization, is mediated by capsular hyaluronic acid and suggest that recognition of this bacterial polysaccharide is a result of a specific glycoprotein receptor. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Pruimboom, I M AU - Rimler, R B AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Brogden, KA AD - Avian and Swine Respir. Dis. Res. Unit, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 887 EP - 897 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - turkeys KW - hyaluronic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - capsules KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - macrophages KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16007931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Capsular+hyaluronic+acid-mediated+adhesion+of+Pasteurella+multocida+to+turkey+air+sac+macrophages&rft.au=Pruimboom%2C+I+M%3BRimler%2C+R+B%3BAckermann%2C+M+R%3BBrogden%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Pruimboom&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=887&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; capsules; macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red-cockaded woodpecker nesting success, forest structure, and southern flying squirrels in Texas AN - 16001123; 4077035 AB - For several decades general opinion has suggested that southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) have a negative effect on Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) through competition for cavities and egg/nestling predation. Complete removal of hardwood trees from Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity tree clusters has occurred on some forests because southern flying squirrel abundance was presumed to be associated with the presence and abundance of hardwood vegetation. In some locations, southern flying squirrels have been captured and either moved or killed in the name of Red-cockaded Woodpecker management. We determined southern flying squirrel occupancy of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities in loblolly (Pinus taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitat (with and without hardwood midstory vegetation) and longleaf pine (P. palustris) habitat (nearly devoid of hardwood vegetation) during spring, late summer, and winter during 1990 and 1991. Flying squirrel use of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities was variable and was not related to presence or abundance of hardwood vegetation. Woodpecker nest productivity was not correlated with flying squirrel use of woodpecker cavities within clusters. In addition, we observed six instances where Red-cockaded Woodpeckers successfully nested while flying squirrels occupied other cavities in the same tree. Our results suggest that complete removal of hardwoods from woodpecker cluster areas in loblolly and shortleaf pine habitat may not provide benefits to the woodpeckers through reduction of flying squirrel numbers. Reduction of hardwood midstory around cavity trees, however, is still essential because of the woodpecker's apparent innate intolerance of hardwood midstory foliage. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Saenz, D AU - Schaefer, R R AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 697 EP - 711 VL - 108 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - interspecific relationships KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Picoides borealis KW - nests KW - Glaucomys volans KW - site selection KW - USA, Texas KW - breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16001123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Red-cockaded+woodpecker+nesting+success%2C+forest+structure%2C+and+southern+flying+squirrels+in+Texas&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Glaucomys volans; USA, Texas; breeding success; nests; site selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of sediment and nitrate loss on a vertisol with conservation tillage practices AN - 15947962; 4055887 AB - Shrinking and swelling clay soils are dominant in the Blackland Prairie of Central Texas and comprise a vast majority of agricultural production land in the area. An agricultural field scale simulation model (EPIC) was applied on six small watersheds located in Riesel, Texas. A non-calibrated model performance evaluation of the runoff, sediment yield, nutrient transport, and crop growth components was completed. Management practices included no-till and conventional till systems. Annual and monthly predicted parameter values were compared with measured data for a 5-year period. Annual comparisons indicate close agreement between means and standard deviations for runoff, erosion, and nitrate-nitrogen. Significant correlation existed between monthly measured and simulated runoff and erosion. Significant correlation for nitrate-nitrogen was present in a majority of the cases studied. Prediction efficiency was significant for all elements except nitrate-nitrogen on two watersheds. The results of this study indicate EPIC's ability to simulate natural processes without calibration on shrinking and swelling clay soils with varying management practices. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - King, K W AU - Richardson, C W AU - Williams, J R AD - USDA-ARS, 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 2139 EP - 2145 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - EPIC KW - USA, Texas, Riesel KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - clays KW - model testing KW - agricultural practices KW - comparison studies KW - runoff KW - nitrates KW - correlation analysis KW - performance evaluation KW - soil erosion KW - simulation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15947962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+sediment+and+nitrate+loss+on+a+vertisol+with+conservation+tillage+practices&rft.au=King%2C+K+W%3BRichardson%2C+C+W%3BWilliams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulation; nitrates; agricultural practices; performance evaluation; comparison studies; correlation analysis; clays; model testing; runoff; soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evapotranspiration modeling of partial canopy/residue-covered fields AN - 15947910; 4055865 AB - Knowledge of soil evaporation (E) and crop transpiration (T), collectively referred to as evapotranspiration (ET), is central to water budget analysis and modeling of agricultural cropping systems. The double layer Shuttleworth-Wallace (S-W) model provides the potential of modeling ET for the entire range of canopy cover. This model is extended herein to include the effects of surface crop residues on soil evaporation by explicitly specifying a partially covered soil area and partitioning evaporation between the bare and residue-covered areas. Although the extended S-W model is physically based, simplifying assumptions are made for the sake of functionality. Model derivation and potential uses are discussed. The main drawback to the model's field application is parameter estimation. In this article, the concepts of soil and residue evaporative resistances are explored leading to proposed methods for estimating these difficult-to-determine parameters. An immediate use of the model is in predicting daily E and T rates in system-wide agricultural simulation models. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Farahani, HJ AU - Ahuja, L R AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Great Plains Systems Res. Unit, 301 S. Howes St., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 2051 EP - 2064 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - canopy KW - mulches KW - agriculture KW - prediction KW - resistance KW - estimating KW - detritus KW - evapotranspiration KW - energy KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15947910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+modeling+of+partial+canopy%2Fresidue-covered+fields&rft.au=Farahani%2C+HJ%3BAhuja%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Farahani&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; evapotranspiration; canopy; detritus; energy; mulches; resistance; estimating; prediction; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary overview of Hemidactylus turcicus with possible implications of food partitioning AN - 15940906; 4054576 AB - A stomach content analysis was conducted on Hemidactylus turcicus, the Mediterranean gecko, from 19 April 1990 to 15 October 1990, on the campus of Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Geckos (N = 167) were placed into four size groups based on snout-vent-length ( less than or equal to 29 mm, 30-39 mm, 40-49 mm, and greater than or equal to 50 mm) and three microhabitat groups based on perch height (those occupying perch sites 3.05 m). Stomach contents were analyzed and sex, size, and microhabitat groups were compared using Schoener's percent overlap index. Volumetrically, the most important prey items taken were Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and Isopoda. Geckos of different size groups showed some differences in diet. The greatest difference occurred between the smallest and largest size groups. A significant positive correlation was found between gecko size and prey size (r = 0.24, P = 0.0008). Differences in the diets of geckos inhabiting different microhabitats were very evident. Geckos occupying high perch sites ate more flying prey while geckos at lower perch sites ate more ground-dwelling prey. JF - Journal of Herpetology AU - Saenz, D AD - Wildl. and Silviculture Lab., Southern Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv. in Cooperation with Coll. Forest., Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 461 EP - 466 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1511, 0022-1511 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Hemidactylus turcicus KW - microenvironments KW - diets KW - body size KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04670:Reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15940906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.atitle=Dietary+overview+of+Hemidactylus+turcicus+with+possible+implications+of+food+partitioning&rft.au=Saenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.issn=00221511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hemidactylus turcicus; USA, Texas; diets; body size; microenvironments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population level processes in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii: The role of founder effects AN - 15938241; 4056523 AB - The importance of genotype-specific selection between host and symbiont, founder effect, and clonal reproduction in Rhizobia leguminosarum biovar trifolii populations is relatively unknown. A field experiment was conducted to sample 1268 isolates of R. l. bv. trifolii from four genotypically distinct Trifolium pratense plants for allozyme variation at nine loci. Genetic and genotypic variation, population genetic substructure, and linkage disequilibrium were estimated. Of the 1268 isolates 188 genotypically distinct strains (electrophoretic types or ETs) were identified with an average of 11.04 different ETs per plant. Total genetic diversity in the plot was 0.346 and most of the variation was found within plants ( approximately 80%). Our data suggests that genotype-specific selection between the rhizobia and the four host-plant genotypes tested does not influence local population structure, but evidence of founder effect was present. Significant linkage disequilibrium was observed and is most likely due to the clonal reproduction of R. l. bv. trifolii. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Hagen, MJ AU - Hamrick, J L AD - USDA-ARS Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 707 EP - 714 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - founder effect KW - population genetics KW - genetic diversity KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Trifolium pratense KW - population structure KW - Rhizobium leguminosarum trifolii KW - linkage disequilibrium KW - selection KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15938241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Population+level+processes+in+Rhizobium+leguminosarum+bv.+trifolii%3A+The+role+of+founder+effects&rft.au=Hagen%2C+MJ%3BHamrick%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium leguminosarum trifolii; Trifolium pratense; founder effect; population genetics; selection; linkage disequilibrium; genetic diversity; population structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling a poisonous plant population: Quantifying toxic alkaloids in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) leaves AN - 15935740; 4046629 AB - Poisonous plants and noxious weeds are often chemically examined to determine concentrations of secondary metabolites which are responsible for their toxic or biological activity. This study examined sample size requirements and sample methods necessary to quantify accurately the concentrations of individual and total toxic alkaloids in two tall larkspur populations. A high performance liquid chromatography analytical method was utilized to determine toxic alkaloid concentrations in all leaves from three individual plant stems and leaves from the remaining stems (remainder) from each of 50 plants in each population. To obtain high precision in quantifying toxic alkaloids in the larkspur populations (within 2.5 to 5% of the population mean, 0.95 confidence), very large numbers of samples (>50-200) were required. However, lower precision (within 10% of the population mean, 0.90-0.95 confidence) required only 20 samples. Similarly, testing parameters relating to toxin concentration in tall larkspur populations within 5 or 10% of the population mean also required hundreds of samples at power levels of 0.95 and alpha -levels of 0.05. Relaxing power and alpha -level requirements to 0.80 and 0.1 respectively, reduced sample size to about 30. The means obtained by four different sampling methods were similar (P>0.05). Alkaloid concentrations in leaf samples from single stems were highly correlated to whole-plant leaf (remainder) samples (r super(2) greater than or equal to 0.76), indicating that harvesting leaves from single stems provided representative samples of the entire plant. The results indicate the difficulty in obtaining accurate information about toxins in poisonous plant populations for risk assessment by livestock producers or extension agents and demonstrate the necessity for efficient analytical methodology. Researchers evaluating concentrations of plant compounds in other weeds or toxic plants should consider variability, sampling procedure, and sample size before experiments begin. JF - Weed Science AU - Manners, G D AU - Pfister, JA AD - Res. Chem., USDA, Agric. Res. Ser., Western Regional Res. Ctr., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 782 EP - 788 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - alkaloids KW - methyllycaconitine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxins KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - weeds KW - leaves KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15935740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Sampling+a+poisonous+plant+population%3A+Quantifying+toxic+alkaloids+in+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29+leaves&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; leaves; toxins; weeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The acetate kinase of Clostridum acetobutylicum strain P262 AN - 15921198; 4048813 AB - Clostridum acetobutylicum strain P262 fermented glucose, pyruvate, or lactate, and the butyrate production was substrate-dependent. Differences in butyrate yield could not be explained by changes in butyrate kinase activities, but the butyrate production was inversely related to acetate kinase activity. The acetate kinase had a pH optimum of 8.0, a K sub(m) for acetate of 160 mM, and a k sub(cat) of 16,800 min super(-1). The enyzme had a native molecular mass of 78 kDa; the size of 42 kDa on SDS-PAGE indicated that the acetate kinase of strain P262 was a homodimer. JF - Archives of Microbiology AU - Diez-Gonzalez, F AU - Russell, J B AU - Hunter, J B AD - Agric. Res. Serv., USDA and Sect. Microbiol., Wing Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 418 EP - 420 VL - 166 IS - 6 SN - 0302-8933, 0302-8933 KW - acetate kinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - molecular weight KW - Michaelis-Menten parameters KW - gel electrophoresis KW - Clostridium acetobutylicum KW - pH KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15921198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+acetate+kinase+of+Clostridum+acetobutylicum+strain+P262&rft.au=Diez-Gonzalez%2C+F%3BRussell%2C+J+B%3BHunter%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Diez-Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Microbiology&rft.issn=03028933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium acetobutylicum; Michaelis-Menten parameters; pH; molecular weight; gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gully treatment and water quality in the Southern Plains AN - 15910862; 4040903 AB - Erosion of agricultural land and transport of associated fertilizer chemicals nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in runoff, can be detrimental to both soil productivity and water quality. In the Southern Plains, gully erosion is of concern due to periodically intense rainfall and a large acreage of erodible soils. As little information is available, we studied the loss of sediment, N, and P in runoff over 13 yr (1980-1992) from two adjacent extensively gullied native grass watersheds (3.8 and 5.7 ha of 5% slope and class 4 erosion) in the Little Washita River Basin, OK. In 1983, the gullies on one of the watersheds were treated by land shaping, Midland Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] establishment, and construction of a runoff detention pond. Prior to gully treatment, greater (p > 0.05) amounts of sediment, N, and P were lost from the subsequently treated than untreated watershed. Following gully treatment, 27,500 kg sediment, 7.1 kg N, and 4.1 kg P ha super(-1) yr super(-1) were lost from the gullied watershed, while only 4,900 kg sediment, 3.1 kg N, and 1.6 kg P ha super(-1) yr super(-1) were lost from the treated watershed. While gully treatment had no effect on nitrate-N and ammonium-N loss, dissolved P and bioavailable P losses were increased six-and three-fold, respectively. This was attributed to the application of fertilizer N and P to the treated watershed only. The loss of N and P in runoff from gullied and treated watersheds was accurately predicted using kinetic and enrichment ratio approaches with soil properties reflecting the main zone of runoff and soil interaction. Subsoil (5-20 cm) properties accurately predicted N and P release and transport in runoff from the gullied watershed, whereas accurate predictions for the treated watershed were obtained with surface soil (0-5 cm) properties. The cost of gully treatment was $1,098 ha super(-1), with a reduced loss of 210 kg sediment, 5 g N, and 3 g P in the ensuing 10 years for every dollar spent on treatment. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Sharpley, A AU - Smith, S J AU - Zollweg, JA AU - Coleman, G A AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Manage. Res. Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 498 EP - 503 VL - 51 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - gully treatment KW - USA, Southern Plains KW - gully erosion KW - cost analysis KW - detention reservoirs KW - agrochemicals KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - water quality KW - remediation KW - grasses KW - agricultural runoff KW - soil erosion KW - nutrients KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15910862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Gully+treatment+and+water+quality+in+the+Southern+Plains&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+S+J%3BZollweg%2C+JA%3BColeman%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; nutrients; agricultural runoff; gully erosion; fertilizers; grasses; soil erosion; cost analysis; detention reservoirs; remediation; agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The pheromone of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.) (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae) AN - 15900607; 4038962 AB - The pheromone system of the eastern tent caterpillar, M. americanum, has been identified as a mixture of (E,Z)-5,7-dodecadienal and the corresponding alcohol. Field data on the attractiveness of the aldehyde alone were not consistent, but mixtures of aldehyde and alcohol in varying proportions were attractive to males. Addition of small amounts of E,Z acetate to E,Z aldehyde had no effect on male response, but larger amounts reduced trap catch. Traps baited with Z,E, E,E, or Z,Z aldehydes were not more attractive than blank traps. Pherocon 1C traps fortified with extra adhesive and baited with lures consisting of 500 mu g (E,Z)-5,7-dodecadienal with either 250 or 100 mu g of the corresponding alcohol trapped as many as 100 males/trap/night with means of 15-20. Lures prepared from purified (94% E,Z) aldehyde and alcohol were more attractive than those prepared from unpurified (58% E,Z) materials. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kochansky, J AU - Hill, A AU - Neal, JW Jr AU - Bentz, J AU - Roelofs, W AD - USDA ARS Bee Res. Lab., Bldg. 476, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 2251 EP - 2261 VL - 22 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Lepidoptera KW - (E,Z)-5,7-dodecadienal KW - pheromone traps KW - Lasiocampidae KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Malacosoma americanum KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+pheromone+of+the+eastern+tent+caterpillar%2C+Malacosoma+americanum+%28F.%29+%28Lepidoptera%2C+Lasiocampidae%29&rft.au=Kochansky%2C+J%3BHill%2C+A%3BNeal%2C+JW+Jr%3BBentz%2C+J%3BRoelofs%2C+W&rft.aulast=Kochansky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malacosoma americanum; Lasiocampidae; sex pheromone; pheromone traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralogical and microscopic analyses of material deposited on submersed macrophytes in Florida lakes AN - 15883590; 4034057 AB - Attached material on submersed vegetation from 18 lakes was analyzed by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to identify constiuent components. Lake trophic state ranged from oligo-to hyper-eutrophic. Minerals present on 11 submersed taxa included calcite, various salts (KCl and NaCl), silicon dioxide (both biogenic and sand) and hematite. Abundance of deposited material was not related to concentrations of precursor elements in the water column. Resuspended sediments and diatom frustules both contributed to the silica fraction of marl and should be compartmentalized. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Zimba, P V AU - Bates AD - USDA, P.O.B. 19678, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 37 EP - 41 VL - 340 IS - 1-3 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - carbonates KW - mineralogy KW - nutrients KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - submerged plants KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - USA, Florida KW - sedimentation KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - electron microscopy KW - Q1 08464:Other aquatic communities KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15883590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Mineralogical+and+microscopic+analyses+of+material+deposited+on+submersed+macrophytes+in+Florida+lakes&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BBates&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=340&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic plants; sedimentation; nutrients (mineral); mineralogy; carbonates; electron microscopy; nutrients; submerged plants; USA, Florida; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf temperature effects on Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) oviposition AN - 15879223; 4026264 AB - Little is known about high temperature thresholds for the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, which thrives during the hot summers common to the southwestern deserts of the United States. This study addressed 3 questions relating to B. argentifolii thermal responses. (1) What are the maximum, optimum, and minimum leaf temperatures for oviposition rate? (2) Is the optimum temperature for oviposition dependent on temperature effects on insect physiology or on host plant thermal responses? (3) How does B. argentifolii respond to localized temperature gradients across the host plant leaf? Adult B. argentifolii were placed in clip cages that were attached to the abaxial surface of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., leaves. A temperature gradient was created by either heating or cooling one side of the leaf with water-filled copper tubing placed on the adaxial leaf surface. Minimum and optimum leaf temperatures for oviposition were 16 and 31 degree C, respectively, and were independent of plant species. No thermal maximum was detected because oviposition occurred at the highest leaf temperature (43 degree C). Even though oviposition occurred at high temperatures, a stronger than expected preference was shown for the cool side of the leaf temperature gradient. This was true even at lower than optimum temperatures. Thus, even though B. argentifolii appeared capable of reproducing at the highest temperatures commonly encountered in the southwest deserts, they preferred cooler microenvironments, even when temperatures were below optimum for oviposition rate. This response may serve to maximize total egg production by increasing adult longevity. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Skinner, R H AD - Great Plains Systems Res., USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1371 EP - 1375 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - leaf characters KW - oviposition KW - temperature effects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15879223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Leaf+temperature+effects+on+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+oviposition&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia argentifolii; Aleyrodidae; temperature effects; leaf characters; oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sprayable granule formulations for Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 15872153; 4027528 AB - Spray-dried Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki formulations, composed of citric or lactic acid, pregelatinized corn flour, cornstarch, isopropyl alcohol, sugar, and corn oil, were used in leaf and diet incorporation bioassays to determine the effects of solar radiation and rain on insecticidal activity. In diet incorporation tests against Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Trichoplusia ni (Huebner), Heliothis virescens (F.), and Spodoptera exigua (Cramer), insecticidal activity of spray-dried B. thuringiensis did not decrease when compared with unformulated technical B. thuringiensis. Cotton leaf bioassay tests using Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner) showed that insecticidal activity of formulations exposed to 8 h of artificial solar radiation was significantly higher than technical. B. thuringiensis exposed to solar radiation, suggesting that the formulations provided protection against solar radiation. In cotton leaf bioassays, when 5 different starches were used individually in the formulations, insecticidal activity was significantly reduced in only 1 ease after exposure to solar radiation. Cotton leaf bioassays also showed a reduction in insecticidal activity caused by exposure to solar radiation as the amount of active ingredient (wt:wt) in the formulation increased. Throughout all tests, rainfastness of formulations was not consistently better than technical B. thuringiensis alone. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Tamez-Guerra, P AU - McGuire, M R AU - Medrano-Roldan, H AU - Galan-Wong, L J AU - Shasha, B S AU - Vega, F E AD - Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, Bioactive Agents Res. Unit, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1424 EP - 1430 VL - 89 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - formulations KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - Pyralidae KW - insecticides KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15872153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Sprayable+granule+formulations+for+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=Tamez-Guerra%2C+P%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R%3BMedrano-Roldan%2C+H%3BGalan-Wong%2C+L+J%3BShasha%2C+B+S%3BVega%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Tamez-Guerra&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity testing; insecticides; Pyralidae; Trichoplusia ni; Bacillus thuringiensis; Spodoptera exigua; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Heliothis virescens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardized bioassay and screening of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus against the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) AN - 15869127; 4027529 AB - Two hyphomycetous fungi with potential as biocontrol agents were used in bioassays against the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov). Dose-response assays were done using 5-7 concentrations of 2 isolates each of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith. A sensitive assay technique was developed in which adult aphids, 0-2 d of age, were sprayed with fungal spore suspensions on cut barley leaf sections. LC sub(50) estimates were 91 and 282 spores per square centimeter for two B. bassiana isolates and 46 and 56 spores per square centimeter for two P. fumosoroseus isolates. Slopes ranged from 1.43 to 1.76. Aphids were significantly less susceptible to B. bassiana than to P. fumosoroseus, indicated by the lack of overlap among fiducial limits. LT sub(50)s varied inversely with dose for all 4 isolates and ranged from 4.6 d to 12.2 d for B. bassiana, and from 3.3 d to 12.2 d for P. fumosoroseus, depending on isolate and dose. In standardized screening assays, relative potencies ranged from 0.2 to 2.1 among 23 isolates of B. bassiana, and from 0.3 to 3.7 among 14 isolates of P. fumosoroseus. Use of this assay method will facilitate studies of biotic and abiotic factors that influence Russian wheat aphid susceptibility to fungal infection in the laboratory and in the field. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vandenberg, J D AD - Plant Prot. Res. Unit, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14850, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1418 EP - 1423 VL - 89 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Homoptera KW - bioassays KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - biological control KW - Aphididae KW - pathogenicity KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15869127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Standardized+bioassay+and+screening+of+Beauveria+bassiana+and+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+against+the+Russian+wheat+aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29&rft.au=Vandenberg%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Vandenberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pathogenicity; Beauveria bassiana; Aphididae; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Diuraphis noxia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence attributes of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy heifer feces AN - 15866362; 4024608 AB - Escherichia coli isolates from 1,305 (of 6,894) fecal samples collected during the 1991-1992 USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Animal Health Monitoring System, Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project were tested for virulence attributes associated with human enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and the enterotoxin commonly associated with diarrhoea in newborn calves. Single, random isolates from each heifer were hybridized to probes derived from the 60 mDa EHEC plasmid (CVD 419), E. coli attaching and effacing gene (eae), Shiga-like toxin (slt) genes I and II, and E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin a (STaP). Seventy-seven of the 1305 isolates (5.9%) were slt-positive. Most (81.8%) slt-positive E. coli were also CVD 419 and eae-positive. Only 2 of the slt-positive E. coli isolates were STaP-positive. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Thomas, LA AU - Schneider, R A AU - Moon, H W AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 369 EP - 374 VL - 53 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - eae gene KW - slt gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - virulence KW - enterotoxins KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15866362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virulence+attributes+of+Escherichia+coli+isolated+from+dairy+heifer+feces&rft.au=Cray%2C+WC+Jr%3BThomas%2C+LA%3BSchneider%2C+R+A%3BMoon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Cray&rft.aufirst=WC&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; virulence; diarrhea; enterotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term tillage effects on atrazine and fluometuron sorption in Coastal Plain soils AN - 15865112; 4024068 AB - Conservation tillage (CnT) management practices are known to increase levels of soil organic matter (SOM) in southeastern Coastal Plain soils. Plant residues in CnT systems accumulate at the surface and, with time, will form a layer enriched in SOM. The authors hypothesize that herbicide sorption will be highest in this SOM-enriched zone of CnT systems when compared to sorption at a similar depth in conventional tillage (CT) systems. The objective was to characterize the impact of two different tillage systems, CnT and CT, on sorption of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N'-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl urea] in plots of Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous thermic Typic Kandiudult). The plots have been under CnT and CT management for 18 yrs. Bulk (0-15 cm) and five equal incremental soil samples to a 15 cm depth were collected from 10 CnT and 10 CT plots, and the atrazine (ATR) and fluometuron (FLMT) sorption coefficients (K sub(d)) were measured using batch equilibration. Significantly higher herbicide K sub(d) values occurred in the CnT 0-3 cm samples, indicating that the highest amount of herbicide sorption occurred in the top few cm of soil. This corresponded to the stratified soil organic carbon (SOC) contents in topsoil of the CnT plots. In addition, analyses of covariance using SOC as the covariant to test for tillage effects indicated complex interactions among SOC, tillage, and depth. Those results confirm that tillage and soil depth will affect SOC contents of a Norfolk loamy sand, which correspondly will influence the magnitude of ATR and FLMT sorption. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Novak, J M AU - Watts, D W AU - Hunt, P G AD - USDA-ARS-Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 165 EP - 173 VL - 60 IS - 2-3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - atrazine KW - conservation tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sorption KW - agricultural practices KW - soil contamination KW - land management KW - cultivated lands KW - organic matter KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15865112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Long-term+tillage+effects+on+atrazine+and+fluometuron+sorption+in+Coastal+Plain+soils&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BWatts%2C+D+W%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sorption; soil contamination; agricultural practices; organic matter; cultivated lands; land management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on dung-inhabiting arthropods in Florida AN - 15861166; 4017888 AB - The effect of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, on the horn fly, Haematobia irritans L., and other arthropods associated with cowdung was evaluated in northcentral Florida pastures from August to November 1992 and 1993. Workers of S. invicta were found to infest fresh cowpats heavily and prey on horn fly larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults. After the fire ant populations were controlled with a bait, Amdro (hydramethylnon), the numbers of horn flies and other muscid and sarcophagid flies emerged from cowpats were significantly greater than those from the untreated area. S. invicta caused 94.3 and 62.9% mortality of horn flies for 1992 and 1993, respectively. It also reduced the populations of staphylinid, hydrophilid, and carabid beetles that are predators of horn flies. Despite this negative effect, S. invicta was evaluated as an effective natural enemy of the horn fly. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hu, G Y AU - Frank, J H AD - Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1290 EP - 1296 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - predation KW - Formicidae KW - coprophilous organisms KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Haematobia irritans KW - Muscidae KW - competition KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15861166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+the+red+imported+fire+ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+on+dung-inhabiting+arthropods+in+Florida&rft.au=Hu%2C+G+Y%3BFrank%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Haematobia irritans; Muscidae; Formicidae; USA, Florida; coprophilous organisms; predation; competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extending the residual toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis with casein-based formulations AN - 15860512; 4021239 AB - We evaluated the extension of the residual insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner with 2 sprayable formulations based on casein. One formulation contained native casein in a basic solution (pH > 8.5); the other had a water soluble ammonium salt of casein in the presence of ammonium zirconium carbonate as a cross-linking agent. Formulations were applied to cotton leaves, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'DES 119', in a greenhouse and subjected to simulated rain in a modified spray chamber and artificial sunlight from a simulator. Activity was assessed based on mortality of neonate European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner), that were fed treated cotton leaves. Performance of some formulations was also evaluated against beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner). Leaves treated with the casein formulations (0.5% wt:vol) of B. thuringiensis resisted wash-off, often retaining >60% of the original insecticidal activity of unexposed treatments compared with <20% of the original activity for unformulated and commercially formulated B. thuringiensis preparations. The casein formulations also provided some protection from light-induced degradation compared with unformulated B. thuringiensis, although the amount of protection was less than that provided by other experimental formulations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Behle, R W AU - McGuire, M R AU - Shasha, B S AD - Bioactive Agents Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1399 EP - 1405 VL - 89 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - ammonium zirconium KW - casein KW - formulations KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pesticide residues KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - pathogenicity KW - Noctuidae KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15860512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Extending+the+residual+toxicity+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+with+casein-based+formulations&rft.au=Behle%2C+R+W%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R%3BShasha%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Behle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticide residues; pathogenicity; Pyralidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; Ostrinia nubilalis; Gossypium hirsutum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of fertilizer and sewage sludge compost on yield and heavy metal accumulation by lettuce grown in urban soils AN - 15854015; 4014794 AB - Previous research has demonstrated that many urban soils are enriched in Pb, Cd and Zn. Culture of vegetable crops in these soils could allow transfer of potentially toxic metals to foods. 'Tanya' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was grown in pots of five urban garden soils and one control agricultural soil to assess the effect of urban-soil metal enrichment, and the effect of soil amendments, on heavy metal uptake by garden vegetables. The amendments included NPK fertilizer, limestone, Ca(H sub(2)PO sub(4)) sub(2), and two rates of limed sewage sludge compost. Soil Cd ranged from 0.08 to 9.6 mg kg super(-1); soil Zn from 38 to 3490 mg kg super(-1); and soil Pb from 12 to 5210 mg kg super(-1). Lettuce yield on the urban garden soils was as great as or greater than that on the control soil. Lettuce Cd, Zn and Pb concentrations increased from 0.65, 23, and 2.2 mg kg super(-1) dry matter in the control soil to as high as 3.53, 422 and 37.0 mg kg super(-1) on the metal-rich urban garden soils. Adding limestone or limed sewage sludge compost raised soil pH and significantly reduced lettuce Cd and Zn, while phosphate fertilizer lowered soil pH and had little effect on Zn but increased Cd concentration in lettuce. Urban garden soils caused a significant increase in lettuce leaf Pb concentration, especially on the highest Pb soil. Adding NPK fertilizer, phosphate, or sludge compost to two high Pb soils lowered lettuce Pb concentration, but adding limestone generally did not. On normally fertilized soils, Pb uptake by lettuce was not exceptionally high until soil Pb substantially exceeded 500 mg kg super(-1). Comparing garden vegetables and soil as potential sources of Pb risk to children, it is clear that the risk is greater through ingestion of soil or dust than through ingestion of garden vegetables grown on the soil. Urban dwellers should obtain soil metal analyses before selecting garden locations to reduce Pb risk to their children. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - Sterrett, S B AU - Chaney, R L AU - Gifford, CH AU - Mielke, H W AD - USDA-Agricultural Res. Serv., Environ. Chem. Lab., Bldg. 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 135 EP - 142 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - heavy metals KW - vegetable crops KW - sludge disposal KW - compost KW - land application KW - vegetables KW - Lactuca sativa KW - sewage sludge KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - composting KW - bioaccumulation KW - food chains KW - land disposal KW - crops KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15854015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=Influence+of+fertilizer+and+sewage+sludge+compost+on+yield+and+heavy+metal+accumulation+by+lettuce+grown+in+urban+soils&rft.au=Sterrett%2C+S+B%3BChaney%2C+R+L%3BGifford%2C+CH%3BMielke%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Sterrett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactuca sativa; heavy metals; bioaccumulation; vegetable crops; sludge disposal; fertilizers; land disposal; composting; crops; food chains; compost; land application; sewage sludge; vegetables ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring and predicting population growth of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) over a range of environmental conditions AN - 15853809; 4017936 AB - Population growth of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), in 135-kg lots of hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., was monitored at 3 grain moisture levels ( approximately 10, 12, and 14%) at each of 3 temperatures ( approximately 22, 27, and 32 degree C). Over this range of environmental conditions, a published population growth model explained 64-96% of the variation in insect density. Based on published studies and new data collected for developmental times, new equations were developed for egg production and developmental time, and daily adult mortality was estimated. Substituting new equations and mortality rate in the published model improved predictions, increasing by 3-24% the percentage of variation explained. The biggest improvements tended to be at the extreme grain moisture and temperature conditions. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hagstrum, D W AD - Grain Marketing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 Coll. Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1354 EP - 1359 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - environmental factors KW - monitoring KW - Rhyzopertha dominica KW - Coleoptera KW - Bostrichidae KW - models KW - population growth KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15853809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Monitoring+and+predicting+population+growth+of+Rhyzopertha+dominica+%28Coleoptera%3A+Bostrichidae%29+over+a+range+of+environmental+conditions&rft.au=Hagstrum%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Hagstrum&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhyzopertha dominica; Bostrichidae; Coleoptera; monitoring; population growth; environmental factors; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substitution of cottonseed meal for marine animal protein in diets for Penaeus vannamei AN - 15852932; 4012063 AB - Solvent-extracted cottonseed meal was used in shrimp Penaeus vannamei diets at levels of 0, 13.3, 26.5, 39.8, 53.0 and 66.3%, substituting on an equal nitrogen basis for 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of animal protein mix (53% menhaden fish meal, 34% shrimp waste meal and 13% squid meal). The feeds were formulated to contain 32% crude protein and 3,100 kcal metabolizable energy/kg. Each diet was fed to juvenile shrimp to satiation four times daily for 8 wk. Shrimp fed the three lowest dietary levels of cottonseed meal (0, 13.3 and 26.5%) had similar weight gain, feed consumption and survival. The performance of shrimp was adversely affected when diets containing more than 26.5% cottonseed meal, or 1,100 ppm free gossypol, were fed. Shrimp fed the diet with 39.8% cottonseed meal or 1,600 ppm free gossypol had depressed weight gain, reduced feed intake and high mortality. The groups receiving the two highest dietary levels of cottonseed meal lost weight by the end of week 4 and all shrimp in these treatments died within 6 to 8 wk. These adverse effects were probably due to the toxicity of free gossypol. Shrimp appeared to accumulate gossypol in the body as evidenced by light yellow-green coloration in shrimp fed diets containing cottonseed meal. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Lim, C AD - Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 402 EP - 409 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - Penaeus vannamei KW - free gossypol toxicity KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - feeding experiments KW - Marine KW - toxicity KW - diets KW - mortality KW - nutritive value KW - shrimp culture KW - feed composition KW - proteins KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15852932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Substitution+of+cottonseed+meal+for+marine+animal+protein+in+diets+for+Penaeus+vannamei&rft.au=Lim%2C+C&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feeding experiments; toxicity; mortality; diets; nutritive value; feed composition; shrimp culture; proteins; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two decades of carbon flux from forests of the Pacific Northwest AN - 15852221; 4013204 AB - On balance, between 1972 and 1991 the forests of the pilot study area have been a net source to the atmosphere of 1.13 x 10 super(6) g C/ha/yr. JF - Bioscience AU - Cohen, W B AU - Harmon, ME AU - Wallin, DO AU - Fiorella, M AD - Forest. Sci. Lab., Pacific Northwest Research Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 836 EP - 844 VL - 46 IS - 11 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - nutrient flow KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15852221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Two+decades+of+carbon+flux+from+forests+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Cohen%2C+W+B%3BHarmon%2C+ME%3BWallin%2C+DO%3BFiorella%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Pacific Northwest; forests; nutrient flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption and desorption of atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, hydroxyatrazine, and metolachlor in two soils from Virginia AN - 15840208; 4009969 AB - The objective of this study is to characterize the adsorption-desorption properties of atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), hydroxyatrazine (HA), and metolachlor in the Emporia (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult) and Cullen (clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludult) soils. Adsorption and desorption isotherms were determined using the batch equilibrium procedure. Four solution concentrations (2.5, 7.5, 13.2, and 26.4 mu mol L super(-1)) were prepared of each chemical and four 24-h desorption periods at each concentration followed immediately after the adsorption process. Organic carbon distribution coefficients (K sub(oc)) ranged from 140 to 234 for atrazine, 80 to 110 for DEA, 128 to 130 for DIA, 493 to 609 for HA, and 162 to 190 for metolachlor. For desorption, all chemicals exhibited hysteresis. Hysteresis was quantified: omega = [1/n sub(ads) divided by 1/n sub(des) - 1] x 100. Soil type affected the degree of atrazine, DEA, and metolachlor hysteresis ( divided by ), and initial concentration had a significant effect on divided by only in the Cullen soil. The amount of chemical desorbed, expressed as the percentage of the amount adsorbed, was about 60% for DEA, 43% for atrazine, 40% for metolachlor, 37% for DIA, and 31 and 17% for HA on the Emporia and Cullen soils, respectively. Soil type and initial concentration had no significant effect on the percentage of chemical desorbed except for HA. The sorption properties for atrazine and metolachlor in these soils are similar. The tendency of HA to leach will be low in these soils compared with atrazine, while the tendency of DEA to leach will be high. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Seybold, CA AU - Mersie, W AD - USDA-NRCS, Oregon State Univ., ALS Bldg., Rm. 3017, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1179 EP - 1185 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 1165-1468, 1165-1468 KW - chemicals KW - soil KW - deethylatrazine KW - deisopropylatrazine KW - hydroxyatrazine KW - metolachlor KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - desorption KW - herbicides KW - USA, Virginia KW - adsorption KW - soil contamination KW - atrazine KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15840208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Adsorption+and+desorption+of+atrazine%2C+deethylatrazine%2C+deisopropylatrazine%2C+hydroxyatrazine%2C+and+metolachlor+in+two+soils+from+Virginia&rft.au=Seybold%2C+CA%3BMersie%2C+W&rft.aulast=Seybold&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=11651468&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; desorption; atrazine; leaching; herbicides; soil contamination; USA, Virginia; chemicals; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative uptake of cadmium by garden vegetables and fruits grown on long-term biosolid-amended soils AN - 15823396; 3999240 AB - Cadmium contamination of soils has been viewed as the most dangerous form of trace element contamination of soil. The primary risk posed by Cd contamination is through the ingestion of vegetables grown on Cd-contaminated soil. A variety of garden vegetables selected as representatives of the major food groups were grown on long-term sludge and control plots at high and low pH levels to determine their patterns of Cd uptake in reference to an indicator crop. This was done to determine the potential for a relative uptake index. This relative uptake index (RUI) can be used to assess the risk potential for transfer of soil Cd to the food chain for contaminated sites. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was used as the indicator crop. For all vegetables excluding dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), which shows very low Cd uptake, it was possible to define a statistically significant log linear relationship with Cd accumulation in lettuce. When only the more contaminated treatments were included, a more quantitative relation between Cd in the indicator crop and Cd in the other vegetables (including bean) was defined. This indicates that a RUI may be appropriate for risk evaluation on more heavily Cd-contaminated soils. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Brown, S L AU - Chaney, R L AU - Lloyd, CA AU - Angle, J S AU - Ryan, JA AD - Environ. Chem. Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 3508 EP - 3511 VL - 30 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - cadmium KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - food chains KW - soil pollution KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - Lactuca sativa KW - trace elements KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15823396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Relative+uptake+of+cadmium+by+garden+vegetables+and+fruits+grown+on+long-term+biosolid-amended+soils&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BChaney%2C+R+L%3BLloyd%2C+CA%3BAngle%2C+J+S%3BRyan%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactuca sativa; Phaseolus vulgaris; soil pollution; fruits; trace elements; vegetables; food chains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of relative abundance and biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods under different forest management practices AN - 15806507; 3996660 AB - Habitat structural characteristics and relative abundance and biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods were compared among four replicated stand treatments: intense burning and salvage logging; clearcutting followed by roller-chopping (100% soil surface disturbance); clearcutting followed by bracke seeding (30% soil surface disturbance); and naturally regenerated mature, forested sand pine scrub. Arthropods were classified by taxa and by mean maximum width. Monthly trends in abundance and biomass of arthropods captured are described. Mature forest differed from the three disturbance treatments in most habitat structural features, but disturbance treatments were similar. Total numbers and dry weight did not differ among treatments but more individuals and biomass of arthropods less than 5 mm mean maximum width occurred in burned sites. There were significantly more arthropods 10 mm or less in mean maximum width than over 10 mm, but arthropods 5-10 mm had the highest biomass. The relative abundance of some taxa differed among treatments, and taxa differed in monthly capture rates. Total numbers and biomass of captured arthropods were greatest from late May through November. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Greenberg, CH AU - McGrane, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Research and Demonstration Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC 28806, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 31 EP - 41 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 89 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - soil fauna KW - forest management KW - biomass KW - abundance KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15806507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+relative+abundance+and+biomass+of+ground-dwelling+arthropods+under+different+forest+management+practices&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BMcGrane%2C+A&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forest management; soil fauna; abundance; biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trace elements, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aneurysms. AN - 78616708; 8959000 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Klevay, L M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, North Dakota 58202, USA. Y1 - 1996/11/18/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 18 SP - 239 EP - 242 VL - 800 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Antihypertensive Agents KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Captopril KW - 9G64RSX1XD KW - Metalloendopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Captopril -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Metalloendopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Metalloendopeptidases -- chemistry KW - Captopril -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- physiology KW - Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- physiology KW - Arteriosclerosis -- complications KW - Arteriosclerosis -- metabolism KW - Copper -- deficiency KW - Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal -- etiology KW - Zinc -- deficiency KW - Zinc -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78616708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Trace+elements%2C+atherosclerosis%2C+and+abdominal+aneurysms.&rft.au=Klevay%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Klevay&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-11-18&rft.volume=800&rft.issue=&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff generation mechanisms in a steep, forested catchment; controls on flow contributions to a road network AN - 1765871065; 2016-010169 JF - Eos (Washington, DC) AU - Wemple, Beverley C AU - Jones, Julia A AU - Grant, Gordon E AU - Selker, John S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996/11/12/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 12 SP - 188 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 77 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - sediment transport KW - slopes KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - preferential flow KW - seepage KW - Cascade Range KW - Oregon KW - topography KW - transport KW - hydrographs KW - runoff KW - drainage basins KW - velocity KW - hydrodynamics KW - roads KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765871065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos+%28Washington%2C+DC%29&rft.atitle=Runoff+generation+mechanisms+in+a+steep%2C+forested+catchment%3B+controls+on+flow+contributions+to+a+road+network&rft.au=Wemple%2C+Beverley+C%3BJones%2C+Julia+A%3BGrant%2C+Gordon+E%3BSelker%2C+John+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wemple&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.date=1996-11-12&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos+%28Washington%2C+DC%29&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292324-9250 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1996 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; Cascade Range; drainage basins; forests; hydrodynamics; hydrographs; hydrology; Oregon; preferential flow; roads; runoff; sediment transport; seepage; slopes; topography; transport; United States; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary folate protects against the development of macroscopic colonic neoplasia in a dose responsive manner in rats. AN - 78693021; 9014775 AB - Diminished folate status is associated with enhanced colorectal carcinogenesis. This study investigated the potential chemopreventive role of dietary folate in the dimethylhydrazine colorectal cancer model. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 0, 2 (daily dietary requirement), 8 or 40 mg folate/kg diet for 20 weeks. After five weeks of diet, rats were injected with dimethyl-hydrazine (44 mg/kg) weekly for 15 weeks. Fifteen weeks after the first injection of dimethylhydrazine, all rats were killed. Folate status was determined, and the entire colorectum from each rat was analysed for macroscopic and microscopic neoplasms. Plasma and colonic folate concentrations correlated directly with dietary folate levels (p < 0.005). The incidence of microscopic neoplasms was similar among the four groups. However, the incidence and the average number of macroscopic tumours per rat decreased progressively with increasing dietary folate levels up to 8 mg/kg diet (p < 0.05). In the strongly procarcinogenic milieu used in this study, folate supplementation at 20 times the basal requirement was associated with rates of macroscopic tumour development that were intermediate, and not statistically distinct, from rates observed at either 0 or 8 mg/kg diet. These data indicate that in this rat model, (a) increasing dietary folate up to four times the basal requirement leads to a progressive reduction in the evolution of macroscopic neoplasms from microscopic foci; and (b) folate supplementation beyond four times the requirement does not convey further benefit. JF - Gut AU - Kim, Y I AU - Salomon, R N AU - Graeme-Cook, F AU - Choi, S W AU - Smith, D E AU - Dallal, G E AU - Mason, J B AD - Vitamin Bioavailability Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 732 EP - 740 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0017-5749, 0017-5749 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Dimethylhydrazines KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - S-Adenosylhomocysteine KW - 979-92-0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Colon -- chemistry KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- chemistry KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- analysis KW - S-Adenosylhomocysteine -- analysis KW - Male KW - Folic Acid -- blood KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Folic Acid -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78693021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gut&rft.atitle=Dietary+folate+protects+against+the+development+of+macroscopic+colonic+neoplasia+in+a+dose+responsive+manner+in+rats.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y+I%3BSalomon%2C+R+N%3BGraeme-Cook%2C+F%3BChoi%2C+S+W%3BSmith%2C+D+E%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BMason%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=732&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gut&rft.issn=00175749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):917-21 [6940156] Cancer. 1981 Mar 1;47(5 Suppl):1121-5 [6263443] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Oct;67(4):877-80 [6944555] Clin Chem. 1982 May;28(5):1198-200 [6804123] Cancer Res. 1983 Sep;43(9):4083-90 [6871849] Dis Colon Rectum. 1995 Jan;38(1):64-7; discussion 67-8 [7813348] Hum Mol Genet. 1994;3 Spec No:1487-95 [7849743] Eur J Cancer Prev. 1994 Nov;3(6):473-9 [7858479] Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 May;61(5):1083-90 [7733033] Gut. 1996 Mar;38(3):410-3 [8675095] N Engl J Med. 1970 Apr 9;282(15):859-61 [5418551] Cancer Res. 1973 May;33(5):1003-9 [4703115] Br J Cancer. 1975 Jul;32(1):60-77 [1174451] Cancer Res. 1977 Jan;37(1):262-71 [830413] Cancer Res. 1977 Nov;37(11):4156-9 [908050] Cancer Res. 1980 Jan;40(1):61-3 [7349904] Cancer. 1981 Jan 1;47(1):81-9 [7006791] Hum Pathol. 1983 Nov;14(11):931-68 [6629368] J Biol Chem. 1984 Feb 25;259(4):2360-4 [6698970] J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 10;259(1):12-5 [6608520] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Oct;73(4):915-24 [6592387] Dig Dis Sci. 1985 Dec;30(12 Suppl):87S-102S [2998716] J Clin Invest. 1988 Feb;81(2):466-74 [3339129] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Sep 15;944(1):101-7 [3415996] J Nutr. 1988 Sep;118(9):1089-96 [3418416] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Jan;10(1):69-72 [2910533] Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1988 Dec;17(4):727-45 [3068139] Gastroenterology. 1989 Aug;97(2):255-9 [2568304] J Nutr. 1989 Dec;119(12):1956-61 [2621488] Cancer Res. 1990 Jun 15;50(12):3493-502 [2140289] J Nutr. 1990 Dec;120(12):1633-9 [2262809] J Biol Chem. 1991 May 5;266(13):7985-7 [2022628] Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):49-53 [1905840] Mol Carcinog. 1991;4(3):243-7 [2064728] Int J Cancer. 1991 Sep 9;49(2):161-7 [1652565] Int J Epidemiol. 1991 Jun;20(2):368-74 [1917236] Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jan;55(1):131-8 [1728812] Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1991 Sep;29(9):549-54 [1760484] J Nutr. 1992 Apr;122(4):986-91 [1552373] FASEB J. 1992 Jul;6(10):2783-90 [1321771] Cancer. 1992 Sep 1;70(5 Suppl):1229-35 [1324781] Cancer. 1992 Sep 15;70(6 Suppl):1723-6 [1516026] Cancer Res. 1992 Sep 15;52(18):5002-6 [1516055] Carcinogenesis. 1992 Dec;13(12):2471-4 [1473260] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Jun 2;85(11):875-84 [8492316] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Jun 30;193(3):1184-90 [8323540] J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1993;119(9):549-54 [8392076] Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Aug 15;138(4):225-36 [8395140] Int J Cancer. 1993 Sep 9;55(2):213-9 [8370618] J Biol Chem. 1993 Oct 15;268(29):21665-73 [8408019] Cancer Res. 1993 Nov 15;53(22):5401-8 [8221678] J Nutr. 1993 Nov;123(11):1939-51 [8229312] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 15;91(4):1261-4 [8108398] Biochem J. 1994 Mar 1;298 ( Pt 2):415-9 [8135750] Cancer. 1994 Aug 1;74(3):893-9 [8039116] Br J Cancer. 1994 Dec;70(6):1150-5 [7981067] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Folate: effects on carcinogenesis and the potential for cancer chemoprevention. AN - 78605501; 8953590 AB - A provocative array of observations from both laboratory and clinical investigations indicates that alterations in folate status modulate the process of neoplastic transformation in selected epithelial tissues. Diminished folate status appears to promote carcinogenesis. Considerably more speculative is the concept that supraphysiologic folate status may afford some protection against cancer. Although observations to this effect support such a relationship in the uterine cervix, lung, stomach, and esophagus, present evidence clearly is most compelling for the colorectum. This article reviews these observations, particularly as they apply to the colorectum, and outlines some of the possible mechanisms by which these effects may be exerted. JF - Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) AU - Mason, J B AU - Levesque, T AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human, Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 1727 EP - 36, 1742-3; discussion 1743-4 VL - 10 IS - 11 SN - 0890-9091, 0890-9091 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- complications KW - Folic Acid -- metabolism KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Folic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Chemoprevention -- methods KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Folic Acid -- therapeutic use KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78605501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncology+%28Williston+Park%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Folate%3A+effects+on+carcinogenesis+and+the+potential+for+cancer+chemoprevention.&rft.au=Mason%2C+J+B%3BLevesque%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncology+%28Williston+Park%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08909091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the hazard quotient method for risk assessment of selenium. AN - 78586598; 8950538 AB - Environmental contamination with selenium from industrial and agricultural sources has poisoned fish and wildlife at several locations in the United States. Monitoring and risk assessment activities are currently being conducted by many state and Federal agencies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends a hazard quotient (HQ) method (waterborne concentration divided by the national water quality criterion) to assess the toxic threat of individual waterborne elements, including selenium. An evaluation of the EPA HQ method was conducted by comparing it to a recently published protocol (Protocol) for selenium assessment. Hazard estimates obtained using HQ were found to be invalid because the EPA water quality criterion is outdated, and the procedure uses mean rather than maximum waterborne concentrations. The HQ method seriously underestimates hazard and could lead to risk management decisions that would not protect fish and wildlife from selenium toxicity. The Protocol method provides an accurate assessment because it evaluates hazard by examining multiple exposure pathways on a site-specific basis. Until a revised (lowered) national water quality criterion is available, the EPA HQ method should not be used for selenium. Even then, with the availability of the Protocol, HQ analysis should be restricted to data sets where water is the primary or sole source of information on environmental concentrations of selenium. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 156 EP - 162 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Safety Management -- methods KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78586598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+hazard+quotient+method+for+risk+assessment+of+selenium.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ochratoxin A: an antiinsectan metabolite from the sclerotia of Aspergillus carbonarius NRRL 369. AN - 78571933; 8941986 AB - Ochratoxin A, a known mycotoxin with demonstrated toxicity to insects, has been isolated from the sclerotia of the fungus Aspergillus carbonarius NRRL 369. The sclerotia, harvested from a solid substrate fermentation of corn kernels at 28 degrees C, produced quantities of ochratoxin A exceeding 50 ppm/g dry weight of sclerotia. Evidence is presented that ochratoxin A accounts for the activity of the methanol extract against larvae of the detritivorous beetle Carpophilus hemipterus (Nitidulidae) (75% reduction in feeding rate) and corn ear worm Helicoverpa zea (50% mortality with 99% reduction in weight gain among surviving larvae) when incorporated into a pinto bean diet at levels less than those occurring naturally in the sclerotia. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Dowd, P F AU - Alfatafta, A A AU - Gloer, J B AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. wicklowdt@ncurl.necaur.gov Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 1100 EP - 1103 VL - 42 IS - 11 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Ochratoxins KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Fermentation KW - Larva -- metabolism KW - Moths -- metabolism KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Beetles -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- metabolism KW - Moths -- drug effects KW - Zea mays -- metabolism KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Beetles -- drug effects KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Ochratoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- chemistry KW - Ochratoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78571933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Ochratoxin+A%3A+an+antiinsectan+metabolite+from+the+sclerotia+of+Aspergillus+carbonarius+NRRL+369.&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+D+T%3BDowd%2C+P+F%3BAlfatafta%2C+A+A%3BGloer%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absence of cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies from subjects allergic to Hevea brasiliensis latex with a new source of natural rubber latex from guayule (Parthenium argentatum). AN - 78561807; 8939152 AB - Natural rubber latex sensitization is caused by proteins from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis, the Brazilian rubber tree. Alternative non-cross-reactive latex rubber sources are needed for the manufacture of nonallergenic medical devices (e.g., catheters) that require elasticity, which is not currently provided by synthetic materials. We have studied the ability of IgE antibodies from subjects allergic to Hevea latex and IgG antibodies from hyperimmunized mice to detect proteins derived from guayule (Parthenium argentatum), an alternative rubber source, using a direct binding and competitive inhibition RAST and Western blot analysis. IgE antibodies from 62 subjects allergic to Hevea latex (46 adults and 16 children with spina bifida) and from serum pools of adults allergic to Hevea latex (n = 183), pediatric patients (n = 101), and patients with spina bifida (n = 53), as well as IgG antibodies from hyperimmunized mice, were unable to detect any proteins in guayule by RAST or Western blot analysis. No competitive inhibition of IgE anti-Hevea binding to Hevea solid phase was detected by the preincubation of sera from subjects allergic to Hevea latex with soluble guayule latex before RAST analysis. These results demonstrate that proteins in guayule latex are not cross-reactive with Hevea latex allergens. Devices that require the elasticity provided by rubber may be manufactured with guayule latex as an alternative rubber source for patients with Hevea latex allergy. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Siler, D J AU - Cornish, K AU - Hamilton, R G AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 895 EP - 902 VL - 98 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Latex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Polyvinyls KW - polyvinylidene fluoride KW - 24937-79-9 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - RPP30 protein, Parthenium argentatum KW - EC 4.2.1.92 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Spinal Dysraphism -- complications KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Child KW - Immunoglobulin G -- immunology KW - Cross Reactions KW - Radioallergosorbent Test KW - Blotting, Western KW - Catheterization KW - Adult KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Middle Aged KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Allergens -- immunology KW - Latex -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- immunology KW - Drug Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Rubber -- adverse effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- immunology KW - Drug Hypersensitivity -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78561807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Absence+of+cross-reactivity+of+IgE+antibodies+from+subjects+allergic+to+Hevea+brasiliensis+latex+with+a+new+source+of+natural+rubber+latex+from+guayule+%28Parthenium+argentatum%29.&rft.au=Siler%2C+D+J%3BCornish%2C+K%3BHamilton%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Siler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the toxicity of alum (aluminum sulfate) in young broiler chickens. AN - 78558472; 8933589 AB - Two experiments were conducted to characterize the toxicity and evaluate the efficacy of alum to increase intestinal strength in young broiler chicks. Cobb x Cobb male broiler chicks were placed in an experimental design consisting of six dietary treatments of alum (control, 0.23, 0.47, 0.93, 1.9, and 3.7%) with four replicate pens of 10 broilers per pen. The chicks were housed in electrically heated batteries and provided the treatments for ad libitum consumption from 1 d to 3 wk of age. Alum significantly (P < or = 0.05) decreased body weights at 1.9 and 3.7% in Experiment 1 and at 0.93, 1.9, and 3.7% in Experiment 2. Feed conversion and the relative weight of the gizzard were increased in both experiments at 3.7%. Serum phosphorus was decreased at 1.9 and 3.7% in Experiment 1 and at 3.7% in Experiment 2. Intestinal and bone strength were decreased in both experiments at 3.7%. Bone ash was reduced at 3.7% in Experiment 2, bone S levels increased at 1.9 and 3.7% in Experiment 1 and at 3.7% in Experiment 2, and bone Al levels were elevated in both experiments at 3.7%. Muscle levels of P and S decreased, and that of Ca increased at 3.7%. Aluminum levels were not elevated in muscle tissues. These data indicate that alum can be toxic to young broiler chicks, but at levels that would not be expected to be reached through litter consumption, and that alum did not increase intestinal strength. JF - Poultry science AU - Huff, W E AU - Moore, P A AU - Balog, J M AU - Bayyari, G R AU - Rath, N C AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 1359 EP - 1365 VL - 75 IS - 11 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Alum Compounds KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - aluminum sulfate KW - 34S289N54E KW - Sulfur KW - 70FD1KFU70 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Tibia -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Tibia -- drug effects KW - Sulfur -- metabolism KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Calcium -- analysis KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - Bone and Bones -- drug effects KW - Bone and Bones -- physiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Intestines -- physiology KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Male KW - Sulfur -- analysis KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Alum Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Alum Compounds -- metabolism KW - Chickens -- metabolism KW - Alum Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78558472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+toxicity+of+alum+%28aluminum+sulfate%29+in+young+broiler+chickens.&rft.au=Huff%2C+W+E%3BMoore%2C+P+A%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BBayyari%2C+G+R%3BRath%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake and distribution of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols in human colonic epithelial cells in vivo. AN - 78545944; 8922300 AB - Studies suggest that micronutrients such as the tocopherols, retinol, and the carotenoids have a chemopreventive action against colonic carcinogenesis and that they may be essential for the functioning and structural integrity of the gastrointestinal epithelium. In this study, we have determined the concentrations of tocopherols, retinol, and the carotenoids in human colonic epithelial cells using a noninvasive procedure developed in this laboratory (G.P. Albaugh et al., Int. J. Cancer, 52: 347-350, 1992). In subjects on a normal diet, almost all of these micronutrients were restricted to cells in the density range of rho 1.065-1.090 and rho 1.090-1.110. The lighter fraction (rho 1.033-1.064), representing the most senescent subpopulation, retained these micronutrients only when the subjects were on diets rich in vegetables. Cells isolated from subjects on their usual diets gave the following values expressed as ng/10(7) cells: alpha-tocopherol, 93-151; gamma-tocopherol, 152-280; retinol, 12-20; lutein, 4-18; cryptoxanthin, not detected; lycopene, 0-17; alpha-carotene, 3-7; and beta-carotene, 6-9. Peak responses in specific micronutrients following 5 days on a high carotenoid diet showed a lag period of at least 5 days, corresponding to the turnover rates of the epithelium itself. The evidence suggests that uptake of these micronutrients by the colonic mucosa occurs in the deep cryptal zone where the actively proliferating cells extract the nutrients from the systemic circulation. JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Nair, P P AU - Lohani, A AU - Norkus, E P AU - Feagins, H AU - Bhagavan, H N AD - Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 913 EP - 916 VL - 5 IS - 11 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cell Movement KW - Cell Fractionation KW - Humans KW - Feces -- cytology KW - Colon -- metabolism KW - Colon -- cytology KW - Diet KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- cytology KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carotenoids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Vitamin A -- pharmacokinetics KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- metabolism KW - Vitamin A -- metabolism KW - Carotenoids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78545944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=Uptake+and+distribution+of+carotenoids%2C+retinol%2C+and+tocopherols+in+human+colonic+epithelial+cells+in+vivo.&rft.au=Nair%2C+P+P%3BLohani%2C+A%3BNorkus%2C+E+P%3BFeagins%2C+H%3BBhagavan%2C+H+N&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operant analysis of chronic locoweed intoxication in sheep. AN - 78545618; 8923176 AB - Five sheep were fed a 10% locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) pellet or alfalfa pellets for 3- to 5-wk periods to determine the effects of intermittent locoweed ingestion on operant responding; three controls were fed alfalfa pellets for 22 wk. Sheep were trained to respond to a multiple schedule with a fixed ratio (FR) 5 and fixed interval (FI) 50 s as major elements; performance was reinforced with rolled barley. Locoweed-treated sheep decreased (P .05) from their FR baseline except during wk 2. Sheep did not stabilize on the FI component. As locoweed-treated sheep became progressively more intoxicated, they altered their pattern of FR responses, with longer post-reinforcement pauses, and a slower overall FR rate. Intoxicated sheep ingested an average of .21 mg swainsonine.kg-1.d-1. Overt signs of intoxication were noted when two sheep were stressed on wk 17. These two sheep had neuroviseral vacuolation typical of locoweed poisoning, whereas the three remaining locoweed-treated sheep that were euthanatized 5 wk later showed little histologic evidence of intoxication. Our findings indicate that "on-off" or cyclic grazing of locoweed ranges should be approached cautiously. Such a grazing program may be feasible because of the rapid resolution of histologic pathology; however, an initial toxic insult of 4 wk seems to be excessive, even at low doses, because sheep may exhibit persistent behavioral abnormalities that require > 6 wk to resolve. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Pfister, J A AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Cheney, C D AU - James, L F AU - Molyneux, R J AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Logan UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 2622 EP - 2632 VL - 74 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Pancreas -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Eating -- physiology KW - Thyroid Gland -- pathology KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Hordeum KW - Pancreas -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Thyroid Gland -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Medicago sativa KW - Swainsonine -- adverse effects KW - Plant Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Sheep -- physiology KW - Sheep Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78545618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Operant+analysis+of+chronic+locoweed+intoxication+in+sheep.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+J+A%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BCheney%2C+C+D%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bone density and tissue lead accretion in growing rats fed low high calcium with or without supplemental clinoptilolite. AN - 78305107; 8791545 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Pond, W G AU - Krook, L P AU - Ho, H AU - Su, D AU - Schoknecht, P A AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 713 EP - 721 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - clinoptilolite KW - 12173-10-3 KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - lead acetate KW - RX077P88RY KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals, Suckling KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Interactions KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Femur -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Adsorption KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Male KW - Femur -- drug effects KW - Organometallic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Bone Density -- drug effects KW - Organometallic Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Zeolites -- administration & dosage KW - Zeolites -- pharmacology KW - Calcium, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Bone Density -- physiology KW - Organometallic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Calcium -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78305107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Bone+density+and+tissue+lead+accretion+in+growing+rats+fed+low+high+calcium+with+or+without+supplemental+clinoptilolite.&rft.au=Pond%2C+W+G%3BKrook%2C+L+P%3BHo%2C+H%3BSu%2C+D%3BSchoknecht%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Pond&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat Treatment of Cotton: Effect on Endotoxin Content, Fiber and Yarn Properties, and Processability AN - 754891067; 13497969 AB - A specially designed device is used to heat several hundred pounds of cotton at temperatures previously shown to reduce endotoxin content during small-scale treat ment of cotton lint. Dust from heated and unheated (control) cotton is captured during processing in a pilot plant textile mill. The endotoxin content of fibers, bulk dust, and fine dust is reduced by the heating, compared to the unheated bale. The effect of heat treatment on fiber physical properties and processability is monitored to provide an assessment of the effect of heating on the market value of the cotton. Results from dust from heated fibers distributed to other researchers for in vivo and in vitro evaluation of physiological activity are discussed. JF - Textile Research Journal AU - Rousselle, Marie-Alice AU - Price, John B AU - Thomasson, JA AU - Chun, David TW AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, U.S.A Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 727 EP - 738 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 66 IS - 11 SN - 0040-5175, 0040-5175 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endotoxins KW - Temperature effects KW - Fibers KW - Cotton KW - Textiles KW - Heat treatments KW - Dust KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754891067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Heat+Treatment+of+Cotton%3A+Effect+on+Endotoxin+Content%2C+Fiber+and+Yarn+Properties%2C+and+Processability&rft.au=Rousselle%2C+Marie-Alice%3BPrice%2C+John+B%3BThomasson%2C+JA%3BChun%2C+David+TW&rft.aulast=Rousselle&rft.aufirst=Marie-Alice&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.issn=00405175&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F004051759606601109 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Endotoxins; Fibers; Cotton; Textiles; Heat treatments; Dust DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759606601109 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of stream-aquifer interactions using a coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model AN - 52628637; 1998-011459 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Vionnet, Leticia Beatriz AU - Maddock, Thomas, III AU - Goodrich, David C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 248 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 77 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - hydrology KW - Dupuit model KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - coupling KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - finite element analysis KW - hydrologic cycle KW - streamflow KW - digital simulation KW - hydrodynamics KW - unconfined aquifers KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52628637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+stream-aquifer+interactions+using+a+coupled+surface-water+and+ground-water+flow+model&rft.au=Vionnet%2C+Leticia+Beatriz%3BMaddock%2C+Thomas%2C+III%3BGoodrich%2C+David+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Vionnet&rft.aufirst=Leticia&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1996 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; coupling; data processing; digital simulation; Dupuit model; finite element analysis; ground water; hydrodynamics; hydrologic cycle; hydrology; rivers and streams; statistical analysis; streamflow; surface water; unconfined aquifers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-Octadecenoic acid, from linoleic acid by a new microbial isolateClavibacter sp. ALA2 AN - 21318179; 11724777 AB - A novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA), was produced from linoleic acid by microbial transformation at 25% yield. The newly isolated microbial strain that catalyzed this transformation was identified asClavibacter sp. ALA2. The product was purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and its structure was determined byH andC nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and mass spectroscopy. Maximum production of THOA was reached after 85 h of reaction. THOA was not further metabolized by strain ALA2. This is the first report on 12,13,17-trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid and its production by microbial transformation. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1359 EP - 1362 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 73 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Transformation KW - Oil KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Fatty acids KW - N.M.R. KW - Linoleic acid KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21318179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=A+novel+compound%2C+12%2C13%2C17-trihydroxy-9%28Z%29-Octadecenoic+acid%2C+from+linoleic+acid+by+a+new+microbial+isolateClavibacter+sp.+ALA2&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02523497 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; Oil; Transformation; Fatty acids; N.M.R.; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02523497 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipoxygenase as a versatile biocatalyst AN - 21284471; 11724776 AB - This review of lipoxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway enzymes focuses on the potential for the efficient production of useful compounds. Although the existence of lipoxygenase has been inown for many years, only recently has there been progress toward understanding the conditions required to improve yields and immobilize its activity. Maintaining a high O2 tension is necessary to obtain good yeilds of hydroperoxides; whereas, partial anaerobic conditions can lead to hydroperoxide decomposition. Fatty hydroperoxides, obtained from lipoxygenase action, can serve as precursors for further transformation by either enzymes or chemical reactions. Well over one-hundred products from lipoxygenase-generated hydroperoxides of linoleic acid alone have been described. Examples will be given of the formation of fatty acids with epoxide, hydroxy, ketone, cyclic, and multiple functional groups. The cleavage of fatty hydroperoxides into short-chain aldehydes and alcohols also will be described. Many of the products have biological activity, suggesting a significant physiological function for lipoxygenase. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Gardner, Harold W AD - Present address: NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, IL Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1347 EP - 1357 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 73 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Epoxides KW - biocatalysts KW - Enzymes KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Decomposition KW - Lipoxygenase KW - Oil KW - alcohols KW - Fatty acids KW - Aldehydes KW - Linoleic acid KW - ketones KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21284471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Lipoxygenase+as+a+versatile+biocatalyst&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Harold+W&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02523496 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Epoxides; biocatalysts; Enzymes; Anaerobic conditions; Lipoxygenase; Decomposition; Oil; Fatty acids; alcohols; Aldehydes; ketones; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02523496 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of scald of triticale caused by Rhynchosporium secalis in North America AN - 16477948; 4345189 AB - Scald, caused by Rhynchosporium secalis, was found for the first time on leaves of triticale in the Willamette Valley in Oregon in April 1995. Koch's postulates were completed and four separate inoculation studies were done with 12- to 17-day-old greenhouse-grown seedlings of triticale lines. Seedlings were examined beginning 3 days after inoculation and at 2- to 3-day intervals until a final rating was made 11 to 20 days after inoculation. Nine to 15 days after inoculation, leaves of susceptible plants of triticale lines 149 TR 3-232, 83 TP 1-121, and 191 TR 2-12 lost turgor, wilted, and collapsed, changing from green to gray to chlorotic. No leaf lesions developed in triticale lines 5735 TW 3-324 and 431 TU 1-22. Seedlings of rye, winter and spring wheat, and barley were also inoculated with conidia of R. secalis. Severe scald developed in rye cvs. Prima and Jingshou and rye semidwarf line SD-152. Some cultivars of inoculated barley developed small lesions along margins of leaves, but were considered resistant to scald. No disease symptoms developed in inoculated wheat. Symptomatic leaf sheaths and blades from triticale line 149 TR 3-232 were dried and deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis. A culture of R. secalis from triticale in Oregon was deposited in the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, as ATCC 96698. JF - Plant Disease AU - Welty, R E AU - Metzger, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., Oregon State Univ., 3450 SW. Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1220 EP - 1223 VL - 80 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2197, 0191-2197 KW - North America KW - scald KW - seedlings KW - triticale KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16477948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+scald+of+triticale+caused+by+Rhynchosporium+secalis+in+North+America&rft.au=Welty%2C+R+E%3BMetzger%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Welty&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912197&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isozyme analysis of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from five host genera AN - 16473828; 4345188 AB - Thirty-three isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from five plant genera were characterized using isozyme electrophoresis. Using 11 selected enzymes, 148 electrophoretic phenotypes were identified among the 33 isolates examined. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADHDH) and diaphorase (DIA) yielded the greatest numbers of electrophoretic phenotypes. Three major groups (I, II, and III) and four subgroups (IA, IB, IIIA, and IIIB) were delineated within C. gloeosporioides among the five host genera following a cluster analysis of electrophoretic phenotype values for the 11 enzymes. With the exception of one isolate from citrus, C. gloeosporioides isolates clustered on the basis of host origin. This study suggests that isozyme analysis may be a useful tool for characterizing intraspecific population diversity within C. gloeosporioides. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaufmann, P J AU - Weidemann, G J AD - USDA, ARS Cotton Res. Stn., 17053 N. Shafter Ave., Shafter, CA 93263, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1289 EP - 1293 VL - 80 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2197, 0191-2197 KW - dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase KW - gel electrophoresis KW - isoenzyme analysis KW - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16473828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Isozyme+analysis+of+Colletotrichum+gloeosporioides+from+five+host+genera&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+P+J%3BWeidemann%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912197&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of aflatoxin in almonds AN - 16341350; 4301579 AB - The aflatoxin levels in whole and/or broken natural almonds and in manufacturing stock almonds have been surveyed for the 1993 crop. Data were based on results for samples submitted to a nonprofit analysis laboratory serving the industry as well as in-house laboratory data of several large processors. The survey thus included data from processors accounting for 78% of total almond production in 1993. The overall aflatoxin level amounted to 0.67 ng /g, of which 33% came from finely diced and ground almonds and 11% from slivered and sliced almonds, while 49% was due to natural almonds of unknown grade. However, substantially all of the latter resulted from samples submitted by a single processor. A total of 1.7% of whole and/or broken natural almonds and 9.7% of manufacturing stock contained in excess of 1 ng/g aflatoxin. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Schatzki, Thomas F AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 3595 EP - 3597 VL - 44 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Prunus amygdalus KW - aflatoxins KW - nuts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16341350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+aflatoxin+in+almonds&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential climate change effects on loblolly pine forest productivity and drainage across the southern United States AN - 16294573; 4228910 AB - PnET-IIS, a well validated, physiologically based, forest ecosystem model combined soil and vegetation data with six climate change scenarios. The model predicted annual net primary productivity and drainage on loblolly pine sites in the southern US states of Texas, Mississippi, Florida and Virginia. Climate scenario air temperature changes were +2 degree C to +7 degree C > historic (1951 to 1984) values and climate scenario precipitation changes were -10% to +20% > historic values. Across the sites, increasing air temperature would have much greater impact on pine forest hydrology and productivity than would changes in precipitation. These changes could seriously impact the structure and function of southern United States forests by decreasing net primary productivity and total leaf area. Water use per unit area would increase, but total plant water demand would decrease because of reduced total leaf area, thus increasing regional pine forest drainage. An average annual air temperature increase of 7 degree C, caused a considerable reduction in the loblolly pine range. JF - Ambio AU - McNulty, S G AU - Vose, J M AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Coweeta Hydrologic Lab., 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 449 EP - 453 VL - 25 IS - 7 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - Loblolly pine KW - USA, Southern KW - climatic changes KW - primary production KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16294573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Potential+climate+change+effects+on+loblolly+pine+forest+productivity+and+drainage+across+the+southern+United+States&rft.au=McNulty%2C+S+G%3BVose%2C+J+M%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=McNulty&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of an intracellular beta -glucosidase purified from the cellobiose-fermenting yeast Candida wickerhamii AN - 16278822; 4282317 AB - An intracellular beta -glucosidase was isolated from the cellobiose-fermenting yeast, Candida wickerhamii. Production of the enzyme was stimulated under aerobic growth, with the highest level of production in a medium containing cellobiose as a carbohydrate source. The molecular mass of the purified protein was approximately 94 kDa. It appeared to exist as a dimeric structure with a native molecular mass of about 180 kDa. The optimal pH ranged from 6.0 to 6.5 with p-nitrophenyl beta -D-glucopyranoside (NpGlc) as a substrate. The optimal temperature for short-term (15-min) assays was 35 degree C, while temperature-stability analysis revealed that the enzyme was labile at temperatures of 28 degree C and above. Using NpGlc as a substrate, the enzyme was estimated to have a K sub(m) of 0.28 mM and a V sub(max) of 525 mu mol product min super(-1) mg protein super(-1). Similar to the extracellular beta -glucosidase produced by C. wickerhamii, this enzyme resisted end-product inhibition by glucose, retaining 58% of its activity at 100 mM glucose. The activity of the enzyme was highest against aryl beta -1,4-glucosides. However, p-nitrophenyl xylopyranoside, lactose, cellobiose, and trehalose also served as substrates for the purified protein. Activity of the enzyme was stimulated by longchain n-alkanols and inhibited by ethanol, 2-propanol, and 2-butanol. The amino acid sequence, obtained by Edman degradation analysis, suggests that this beta -glucosidase is related to the family-3 glycosyl hydrolases. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Skory, C D AU - Freer, S N AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA/Agric. Res. Utilization, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604-3902, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 353 EP - 359 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - beta -glucosidase KW - cellobiose KW - fermentation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16278822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Properties+of+an+intracellular+beta+-glucosidase+purified+from+the+cellobiose-fermenting+yeast+Candida+wickerhamii&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D%3BFreer%2C+S+N%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological relationships of two todies in Hispaniola: Effects of habitat and flocking AN - 15969804; 4066456 AB - We studied microhabitat use, foraging and social behavior of Broad-billed (Todus subulatus) and Narrow-billed (T. angustirostris) Todies in two areas of sympatry in the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic. Solitary Broad-billed and Narrow-billed Todies occupied distinct microhabitats in both shade coffee plantations and native pine forest while generally sharing similar foraging strategies. In both habitats, Broad-billed Todies foraged higher in the vegetation and occurred in more outer horizontal positions with lower foliage density than did their congener. Movement rates and feeding rates differed significantly between the two species, with the Narrow-bill being the more active species. Changes in foraging behavior by both species of todies were observed when they associated with mixed-species flocks in pine forest. We noted a decrease in some measures of spatial overlap of todies in interspecific flocks, but other feeding behaviors tended to converge. JF - Condor AU - Latta, S C AU - Wunderle, JM Jr AD - Intl. Ins. Trop. Forest., U.S.D.A. Fores Serv., P.O. Box 490, Palmer, PR 00721, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 769 EP - 779 VL - 98 IS - 4 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - interspecific relationships KW - Todus subulatus KW - Todus angustirostris KW - Dominican Rep. KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - foraging behavior KW - niche position KW - habitat utilization KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25506:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15969804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Ecological+relationships+of+two+todies+in+Hispaniola%3A+Effects+of+habitat+and+flocking&rft.au=Latta%2C+S+C%3BWunderle%2C+JM+Jr&rft.aulast=Latta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - niche position; habitat utilization; foraging behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in liquid egg white AN - 15930313; 4046627 AB - Survival of a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes and a six-strain mixture of Salmonella enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and S. senftenberg (not 775W) in liquid egg white was determined by a submerged-vial technique at 51.5 degree C and 53.2 degree C with 0.875% added H sub(2)O sub(2) and at 55.5 degree C, 56.6 degree C, and 57.7 degree C with no additions. Survival at a range of pH values at 56.6 degree C also was determined. Surviving bacteria were counted on tryptic soy agar and results expressed as D-values; log-unit reductions in counts in 3.5 min or 6.2 min were calculated from these D-values. Plate pasteurization of commercially broken egg white (pH 8.8) inoculated with a single strain of L. innocua or S. senftenberg also was performed. Heating under currently approved pasteurization conditions, 51.5 degree C for 3.5 min with hydrogen peroxide, 55.6 degree C for 6.2 min, or 56.7 degree C for 3.5 min, resulted in a less than 3-log unit reduction of viable Salmonella spp. and a less than 0.5-log unit reduction of L. monocytogenes. At 53.2 degree C with peroxide, plate pasteurization resulted in a 3.44-log unit reduction of S. senftenberg in 3.5 min. At 57.7 degree C with no peroxide, the D-value for Salmonella spp. was 0.78 min when heated in submerged vials, and plate pasteurization reduced viable numbers by 3.64 log units in 3.5 min. Destruction of Listeria under these conditions was still less than 1 log unit. Variation in the pH of the egg white from 7.8 to 9.3 resulted in D-values for Salmonella spp. at 56.6 degree C of 3.60 min to 1.08 min, respectively. D-values for L. monocytogenes under these conditions ranged from 10.4 min at pH 7.8 to 20.9 min at pH 9.3. The reduced heat sensitivity of Salmonella spp. at lower pH values should be considered in reevaluating pasteurization procedures. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Palumbo AU - Beers, S M AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Palumbo, SA AD - USDA, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1182 EP - 1186 VL - 59 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - heat resistance KW - eggs KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15930313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Thermal+resistance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+and+Salmonella+spp.+in+liquid+egg+white&rft.au=Palumbo%3BBeers%2C+S+M%3BBhaduri%2C+S%3BPalumbo%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella; eggs; heat resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ten-year diameter and basal area growth of trees surrounding small group selection openings AN - 15919261; 4047483 AB - The effects of small openings in forest stands has interested silviculturists and ecologists for years. Interest generally has centered on the vegetation in the openings, not on that immediately outside of them. Quantitative information on the growth of trees adjacent to group-selection openings, although often mentioned in forestry textbooks as contributing to cost effectiveness, is scant. Five conifer and three hardwood species bordering 9-, 18-, and 27-m diameter openings in the northern Sierra Nevada of California were examined for diameter growth 10 years before and 10 years after an initial group selection cutting. Ten-year diameter growth at breast height of various combinations of species and diameter classes did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among opening sizes 10 years after cutting. But mean basal area growth of pines (ponderosa and sugar) 10 years after cutting was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that before cutting in 18- and 27-m openings. This difference also was found for shade-tolerant conifers (Douglas-fir, incense-cedar, and California white fir) bordering all opening sizes. Mean basal area growth of hardwoods (California black oak, tanoak, Pacific madrone) did not differ before and after cutting for any opening size. JF - Northwest Science AU - McDonald, P M AU - Ritchie, M W AU - Abbott, C S AD - Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Redding, CA 96001, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 341 EP - 347 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - disturbance KW - forest practices KW - trees KW - USA, California KW - growth KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15919261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Ten-year+diameter+and+basal+area+growth+of+trees+surrounding+small+group+selection+openings&rft.au=McDonald%2C+P+M%3BRitchie%2C+M+W%3BAbbott%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; trees; growth; disturbance; forest practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solute transport in soils under conditions of variable flow velocities AN - 15864526; 4020662 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Ma, Liwang AU - Selim, H M AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Res., Ft. Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 3277 EP - 3283 VL - 32 IS - 11 SN - 1919-2328, 1919-2328 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - solute transport KW - flow velocity KW - tritium KW - interstitial water KW - leaching KW - pesticides KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15864526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Solute+transport+in+soils+under+conditions+of+variable+flow+velocities&rft.au=Ma%2C+Liwang%3BSelim%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Liwang&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=19192328&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flow velocity; solute transport; pesticides; tritium; leaching; soil water; interstitial water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of the random-search type II functional response equation for incorporation into simulation models AN - 15858757; 4018946 AB - Because of the assumptions implicit in the Royama-Rogers' Type II Random Search Parasitoid Equation (RSPE), the estimates of parameters are valid only within an area unit equal to the experimental area used to estimate them. This assumption was tested using different values of N sub(t) (host density) and P sub(t) (parasitoid density), while maintaining the host: parasitoid ratio constant at 10:1. If the RSPE is valid at any area unit, then the value of F(N sub(t), P sub(t)) (probability of being parasitized) should be constant at all values of N sub(t) and P sub(t) provided that the N sub(t):P sub(t) ratio remains constant. Instead, the value of F(N sub(t), P sub(t)) showed an asymptotic rise to a plateau. This result supports the assumption that the RSPE validity is limited by the area unit in which its parameters are estimated. Such a limitation precludes the incorporation of this Type II equation into an age structured simulation model. A modification to the RSPE which lacks these space-dependence limitations is proposed. The modification consisted of the division of the coefficient a' by parasitoid density (P sub(t)). This modification transforms the instantaneous rate of discovery into a per capita basis. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - Legaspi, BC Jr AU - Carruthers, R I AD - USDA-ARS, Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab. Biol. Control Pests Res. Unit, 2413 East Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 249 EP - 253 VL - 91 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - parasitoids KW - models KW - host-parasite interactions KW - host searching behavior KW - Y 25841:General KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15858757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Modification+of+the+random-search+type+II+functional+response+equation+for+incorporation+into+simulation+models&rft.au=Morales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BLegaspi%2C+BC+Jr%3BCarruthers%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Morales-Ramos&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; host-parasite interactions; host searching behavior; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring Martes populations in California: Survey design and power analysis AN - 15839272; 4013178 AB - Fishers (Martes pennanti) and American martens (M. americana) have been protected from trapping in California since the mid-1900s, yet in portions of each of their historic ranges their numbers are extremely low, perhaps due to the effects of timber harvest. We propose a method capable of detecting declines in the occurrence and distribution of fishers or martens using baited track-plate stations. The proposed sampling unit is a small grid of stations that has a high probability of detecting animals when they are present. These multistation units are sufficiently spaced to meet the assumption of independence for a binomial model. We propose a stratified random sampling design with strata sampled for proportions of occurrence at discrete points in time. Stratification is based on variation in occurrence by region and is estimated from preliminary survey data. A previously published bias adjustment is applied to the proportion of units with detections to adjust for possible failure to detect resident individuals at a sampling unit. A Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to determine the sample size necessary to detect 20 and 50% declines, with 80% power, in the proportion of sampling units with occurrence. We assume a 10-yr sampling interval. Sensitivity analysis, using a range of values for means and standard deviations of strata proportions, determined that power was much more sensitive to changes in mean than the standard deviation. When the best current estimates of the fisher strata proportions were input for 10 strata (five regional and two habitat) in California, 115 and 17 sampling units per stratum were necessary to detect 20 and 50% declines, respectively. For some circumstances this sampling effort was also sufficient to achieve strata estimates with 5% error and to detect statistical differences between individual stratum proportions. The steps in the process of implementing a monitoring program for Pacific fishers in California are outlined as an example of the planning and preparation necessary to monitor changes in the distribution of a rare forest carnivore. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Zielinski, W J AU - Stauffer, H B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., Redwood Sci. Lab., Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1254 EP - 1267 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - Martes KW - monitoring KW - sampling KW - USA, California KW - population status KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15839272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Monitoring+Martes+populations+in+California%3A+Survey+design+and+power+analysis&rft.au=Zielinski%2C+W+J%3BStauffer%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Martes; USA, California; models; monitoring; sampling; population status ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal requirements for Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: Oestridae) egg development AN - 15825224; 4004544 AB - This study was designed to define lower thermal limits for common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers), egg development. The data collected in this study suggest that embryonic development was prolonged as temperature was lowered. No hatch was observed when eggs were incubated at a constant temperature of 20 degree C. Measurements of cattle skin temperature and ovipositional behavior of the gravid female fly suggest that eggs are oviposited in a suitable thermal environment for successful embryonic development. Eggs oviposited on cattle held in an unheated barn hatched within 1 wk confirming that cattle can be successfully laboratory infested in unheated barns during winter in central Texas. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Pruett, J H AU - Kunz, SE AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insect Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX 78028, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 976 EP - 978 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Diptera KW - cattle KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - eggs KW - Oestridae KW - development KW - Hypoderma lineatum KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15825224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Thermal+requirements+for+Hypoderma+lineatum+%28Diptera%3A+Oestridae%29+egg+development&rft.au=Pruett%2C+J+H%3BKunz%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Pruett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hypoderma lineatum; Oestridae; eggs; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential role of deer (Cervidae) as ecological indicators of forest management AN - 15819824; 3996647 AB - Many species of forest-inhabiting deer offer strong potential as ecological indicators of forest management and diversity at broad, landscape scales. They have high potential value for land-use planning. Four main characteristics make such deer particularly suited as ecological indicators of forest management: (1) Their biology is well known, especially in relation to that of most other wildlife species; (2) They have relatively large, and often, seasonally migratory home ranges, therefore requiring management of landscapes rather than isolated patches of habitat; (3) They require a habitat that is diverse in food and cover, temporally, spatially, and genetically; and (4) They are important to people for both food and aesthetic value and are not an abstract concept such as `biodiversity.' Deer species, therefore, often provide a means of evaluating land-use alternatives in biologically meaningful, theoretically sound, and socially relevant terms. Their potential should not be overlooked in efforts aimed at forest management in an ecosystem context and the maintenance of biologically diverse wildlife communities. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hanley, T A AD - United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, P.O. Box 20909, Juneau, AK 99802-0909, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 199 EP - 204 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 88 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - Cervidae KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15819824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Potential+role+of+deer+%28Cervidae%29+as+ecological+indicators+of+forest+management&rft.au=Hanley%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cervidae; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abortion and placentitis in pregnant bison (Bison bison) induced by the vaccine candidate, Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 15816328; 4001645 AB - To determine the ability of Brucella abortus strain RB51 to induce placentitis and abortion in bison after SC vaccination. Pregnant bison cows on a Montana ranch were vaccinated SC with 10 super(9) colony-forming units of B abortus strain RB51. Two cows, identified prior to the study, were euthanatized and examined 5 weeks after vaccination to obtain optimal histologic samples of placenta. Other cows were euthanatized and examined after abortion. After euthanasia, tissue specimens were collected for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Tissue and fluid specimens for bacteriologic culture were also collected during necropsy. Of 8 cows, 2 aborted at 68 and 107 days after vaccination. Aborting cows had endometritis. Strain RB51 was isolated from reproductive tissues and supramammary lymph nodes. Fetal lesions were not seen; however, fetal bronchial lymph nodes and amniotic fluid contained strain RB51. Cows examined 5 weeks after vaccination had placentitis and endometritis, with numerous bacteria within trophoblastic epithelial cells that were immunoreactive for strain RB51 antigen. Strain RB51 was isolated from placentomes and numerous lymph nodes. Fetal lesions were not seen 5 weeks after vaccination; however, strain RB51 was isolated from numerous lymph nodes and lung, allantoic fluid, and rectal swab specimens. The vaccine candidate B abortus RB51 has tropism for the bison placenta, and can cause placentitis, which induces abortion in pregnant bison. The vaccine dose used was similar to that being tested in cattle, but may not be appropriate for pregnant bison. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Palmer, M V AU - Olsen, S C AU - Gilsdorf, MJ AU - Philo, L M AU - Clarke, PR AU - Cheville, N F AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Zoonotic Disease Research Unit, Ames IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1604 EP - 1607 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - placentitis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - abortion KW - Bison bison KW - Brucella abortus KW - vaccination KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15816328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Abortion+and+placentitis+in+pregnant+bison+%28Bison+bison%29+induced+by+the+vaccine+candidate%2C+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BGilsdorf%2C+MJ%3BPhilo%2C+L+M%3BClarke%2C+PR%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; Bison bison; vaccination; abortion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) on tree trunks AN - 15814548; 4004543 AB - Host-seeking larvae of blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, were found on the trunks of 7 species of trees in a mixed deciduous woodland in Maryland. Where larvae were present around the bases of trees, larvae were found on 45.8% of the tree trucks. Almost 15% of the larvae found on tree trunks were approximately 1-2 m above the ground. Larger trees harbored larvae more often than smaller trees. Trees having a circumference at breast height of greater than or equal to 1 m (0.96 m diameter) averaged 3.19 larvae. Because white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque), the principal hosts of I. scapularis larvae, frequently nest in trees, it may not be detrimental to host-seeking larvae to ascend and remain on tree trunks. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Carroll, J F AD - Parasite Biol. and Epidemiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 971 EP - 975 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - larvae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodidae KW - host plants KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - trees KW - Acari KW - USA, Maryland KW - Z 05202:Parasitism: non-entomophagous KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15814548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+larval+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+on+tree+trunks&rft.au=Carroll%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodidae; Ixodes scapularis; Acari; USA, Maryland; trees; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silt fencing as a barrier to the dispersal of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) into pastures AN - 15814321; 4006433 AB - Silt fence barriers were set along pasture fencelines and evaluated as a method of restricting the dispersal of blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, adults and nymphs from woodlands into adjacent horse pastures. The barriers received no acaricidal treatment for the 1st cohort of adults. Thereafter the woods side of the barriers was sprayed with cyfluthrin at the onset of each season of host seeking activity of nymphs and adults. When high densities of adults were present, the barriers significantly limited the numbers of ticks in pastures. Nymphs, however, were not significantly fewer in numbers in pasture areas associated with the barriers compared with control areas. Marked adult ticks released in woodlands and ecotones were recaptured on mowed verges and pastures, but there was little dispersal from the woods edge into the woods. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Carroll, J F AU - Schmidtmann, E T AD - Parasite Biol. and Epidemiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 921 EP - 925 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodidae KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - dispersal KW - pasture KW - management KW - USA, Maryland KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15814321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Silt+fencing+as+a+barrier+to+the+dispersal+of+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+into+pastures&rft.au=Carroll%2C+J+F%3BSchmidtmann%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; USA, Maryland; dispersal; pasture; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial growth, inflammatory cytokine production, and neutrophil recruitment during coliform mastitis in cows within ten days after calving, compared with cows at midlactation AN - 15813076; 4001643 AB - To define causes of increased susceptibility to coliform mastitis after parturition. Cows from each group were paired and challenge exposed with Escherichia coli in 1 mammary gland. Mastitis severity was determined by bacterial concentration in milk, pyrexia, and milk production. Measures of host defense were neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte recruitment, and cytokine production. After challenge exposure, group-1 cows had more rapid E. coli growth, higher peak bacterial concentration, and higher fever. Leukocyte recruitment was poor in 1 group-1 cow that had peracute mastitis. In contrast, leukocyte recruitment in 5 other group-1 cows began sooner than that in group-2 cows. In these group-1 cows, prechallenge-exposure milk somatic cell counts (SCC) were significantly lower than those in group-2 cows. Prechallenge-exposure SCC were correlated to stimulated CD18 expression (R super(2) = 0.79), and both measures correlated inversely with bacterial growth rate (R super(2) = -0.75). Values for tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin 1, and interleukin 8 in group-1 cows after challenge exposure were greater than or equal to those in group-2 cows. Weak leukocyte recruitment to the mammary gland is associated with increased severity of coliform mastitis. Impaired production of cytokines measured is not a cause of increased susceptibility to coliform mastitis in early lactation. Low milk SCC after calving may increase susceptibility to severe coliform mastitis. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Shuster, DE AU - Lee, E K AU - Kehrli, ME Jr AD - USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Metabolic Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1569 EP - 1575 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - interleukin 1 KW - mastitis KW - leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15813076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Bacterial+growth%2C+inflammatory+cytokine+production%2C+and+neutrophil+recruitment+during+coliform+mastitis+in+cows+within+ten+days+after+calving%2C+compared+with+cows+at+midlactation&rft.au=Shuster%2C+DE%3BLee%2C+E+K%3BKehrli%2C+ME+Jr&rft.aulast=Shuster&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; mastitis; leukocytes (neutrophilic); interleukin 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a polygalacturonase produced by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit AN - 15812401; 4000516 AB - A polygalacturonase (PG) was purified from rotted cortical tissue of cv. Golden Delicious apple fruit inoculated with Penicillium expansum. The purified protein had a pI of 8.10 and a molecular mass of 34 kDa. The PG was heat labile and most active at pH 5.5. There were no detectable O- or N-linked glycans associated with the PG polypeptide. The purified enzyme macerated apple tissue in situ and in vitro. PG activity was not affected by purified apple polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein. Based on the amino acid sequences determined, three degenerate oligonucleotides were synthesized and used as primers to amplify the flanking regions on the fungal genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amino acid sequences predicted from the cloned PCR products matched perfectly with the determined amino acid sequences, indicating the fungal origin of the purified PG. When a cloned 212-bp PCR product was used as a probe, it hybridized with 1.5-kb RNA molecules extracted from P. expansum in rotted apple tissue. However, no hybridized signals were readily detected for RNA isolated either from nonrotted apple tissue or fungal mycelia grown in cultures with apple pectin as the sole carbon source. This demonstrated that the fungal PG was mainly, if not specifically, expressed in the invasion and colonization of fruit. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yao, C AU - Conway, W S AU - Sams, CE AD - Horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1160 EP - 1166 VL - 86 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - polygalacturonase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - blue mold KW - Malus domestica KW - Penicillium expansum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15812401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+polygalacturonase+produced+by+Penicillium+expansum+in+apple+fruit&rft.au=Yao%2C+C%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BSams%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium expansum; Malus domestica; blue mold ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of genetic variability among natural populations of wheat streak mosaic virus AN - 15801587; 3995851 AB - A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to amplify cDNA from the coat protein coding region and 3'-noncoding region of the genome of wheat streak mosaic rymovirus (WSMV). AluI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were found among RT-PCR products of four spatially or temporally distinct WSMV isolates. RT-PCR and RFLP analyses were then applied to examine intra- and interfield genetic variation in natural WSMV populations in 1994 and 1995. A total of 32 distinct RFLP types were found in five Nebraska counties, but most isolates could be grouped into three predominant genotypes. Chi-square analysis of the degree of sequence heterogeneity of isolates within fields, among fields in each county, and among counties indicated that there was as much variation within fields as among counties. There was, however, a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the frequencies of WSMV RFLP types between 1994 and 1995. Results of this study suggest that there are three main and many minor lineages of WSMV cocirculating in the region. The WSMV population structure is consistent with a quasispecies model. Isolates with distinctive RFLP patterns should facilitate future studies of WSMV dispersal. JF - Phytopathology AU - McNeil, JE AU - French, R AU - Hein, G L AU - Baenziger, P S AU - Eskridge, K M AD - USDA, ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1222 EP - 1227 VL - 86 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - cDNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - capsid protein KW - wheat streak mosaic virus KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - USA, Nebraska KW - genetic variance KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - G 07313:Viruses KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15801587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+genetic+variability+among+natural+populations+of+wheat+streak+mosaic+virus&rft.au=McNeil%2C+JE%3BFrench%2C+R%3BHein%2C+G+L%3BBaenziger%2C+P+S%3BEskridge%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat streak mosaic virus; USA, Nebraska; genetic variance; cDNA; capsid protein; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sour cherry strain of plum pox potyvirus (PPV): Molecular and serological evidence for a new subgroup of PPV strains AN - 15798026; 3995858 AB - Properties of the unusual sour cherry strain of plum pox potyvirus (PPV-SoC) were investigated by sequencing its 3'-terminal 1,360 nt and examining its serological reactivity with several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to PPV. A significantly low degree of identity of the sequenced region has been found between PPV-SoC and other isolates of PPV. This is due to the high nucleotide divergence between the 5'-terminal region of the coat protein (CP) coding region of PPV-SoC and that of other isolates. Most nucleotide substitutions in the sequenced region are not silent and result in amino acid changes, especially near the N terminus of the CP. The unique 5' terminus of the PPV-SoC CP coding sequence has been utilized to develop a cRNA probe that hybridizes to PPV-SoC but not to other isolates/members of the D or M subgroups of PPV. The N-terminal region of the PPV-SoC CP contains the recognizable DAG motif that determines aphid transmissibility of potyviruses. Aphid transmission of PPV-SoC to herbaceous and woody hosts has been confirmed experimentally. Serological reactivity of PPV-SoC with 10 MAbs of PPV suggest that PPV-SoC represents a new serotype of PPV that does not fall into the conventional D or M serotypes /subgroups. We propose that PPV-SoC represents a new subgroup of PPV strains, termed PPV-cherry (PPV-C), and that PPV-SoC is its prototype member. JF - Phytopathology AU - Nemchinov, L AU - Hadidi, A AU - Maiss, E AU - Cambra, M AU - Candresse, T AU - Damsteegt, V AD - Natl. Germplasm Resour. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 106, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 1215 EP - 1221 VL - 86 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - plum pox virus KW - cDNA KW - serotyping KW - phylogeny KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15798026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Sour+cherry+strain+of+plum+pox+potyvirus+%28PPV%29%3A+Molecular+and+serological+evidence+for+a+new+subgroup+of+PPV+strains&rft.au=Nemchinov%2C+L%3BHadidi%2C+A%3BMaiss%2C+E%3BCambra%2C+M%3BCandresse%2C+T%3BDamsteegt%2C+V&rft.aulast=Nemchinov&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plum pox virus; cDNA; nucleotide sequence; phylogeny; serotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of rational mutagenesis to modify the chain length specificity of a Rhizopus delemar lipase. AN - 78614867; 8958082 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Haas, M J AU - Joerger, R D AU - King, G AU - Klein, R R AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/12/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 12 SP - 115 EP - 128 VL - 799 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Protein Precursors KW - Threonine KW - 2ZD004190S KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Protein Precursors -- metabolism KW - Models, Molecular KW - Protein Precursors -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - Tryptophan -- chemistry KW - Fungal Proteins -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Threonine -- chemistry KW - Protein Engineering KW - Rhizopus -- enzymology KW - Protein Precursors -- chemistry KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Catalysis KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78614867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+use+of+rational+mutagenesis+to+modify+the+chain+length+specificity+of+a+Rhizopus+delemar+lipase.&rft.au=Haas%2C+M+J%3BJoerger%2C+R+D%3BKing%2C+G%3BKlein%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-10-12&rft.volume=799&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitness of the hover flies Episyrphus balteatus and Eupeodes corollae faced with limited larval prey AN - 879474180; 14598403 AB - Differences in adult oviposition behavior of the aphidophagous hover flies Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) and Eupeodes corollae (F.) (Diptera: Syrphidae) led us to formulate and test hypotheses concerning their larval behaviour. In laboratory experiments, larval E. balteatus lived longer when starved than larval E. corollae, and this difference increased with age at which starvation commenced. Larval E. balteatus crawled faster than larval E. corollae, and this difference increased under starvation. Limited aphid supply reduced larval and pupal survival more for E. corollae than for E. balteatus. However, the effect of limited aphid supply on adult body size did not differ for the two species. E. balteatus oviposition and larval behavior make it a more promising candidate for introducing to control Diuraphis noxia (Mordwilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) where this aphid has become an exotic pest. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Rojo, Santos AU - Hopper, Keith R AU - MarcosaGarcASHa, MAngeles AD - European Biological Control Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Montpellier, France Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 53 EP - 59 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Age KW - Body size KW - Fitness KW - Oviposition KW - Pests KW - Prey KW - Starvation KW - Survival KW - Syrphidae KW - Aphididae KW - Episyrphus balteatus KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - Eupeodes KW - Homoptera KW - Diptera KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879474180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Fitness+of+the+hover+flies+Episyrphus+balteatus+and+Eupeodes+corollae+faced+with+limited+larval+prey&rft.au=Rojo%2C+Santos%3BHopper%2C+Keith+R%3BMarcosaGarcASHa%2C+MAngeles&rft.aulast=Rojo&rft.aufirst=Santos&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1570-7458.1996.tb02014.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fitness; Starvation; Age; Body size; Survival; Pests; Oviposition; Prey; Syrphidae; Eupeodes; Aphididae; Episyrphus balteatus; Homoptera; Diptera; Diuraphis noxia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb02014.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergism of toxicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide to German cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) by hydrolytic enzyme inhibitors. AN - 78783842; 17450648 AB - Various compounds were tested for effects on the toxicity of the insect repellent N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). Organophosphate and carbamate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors carbaryl, DEF, eserine (physostigmine, malathion and pyridostigmine bromide synergized DEET toxicity also synergized the toxicity of the formamidine pesticides. Amitraz and chlordimeform. Results suggest that DEET may have some toxic actions that are similar to those of formamidine pesticides. DEET synergized the toxicity of some acetylcholinesterase inhibitors but not others. Results further suggest that some mechanism other than acetylcholinesterase inhibition was responsible for the toxic interactions observed between DEET and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Moss, J I AD - Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, 1600 SW. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 1151 EP - 1155 VL - 89 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insect Repellents KW - Insecticides KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Physostigmine KW - 9U1VM840SP KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Animal KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Physostigmine -- toxicity KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Blattellidae KW - Insect Repellents -- toxicity KW - DEET -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78783842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Synergism+of+toxicity+of+N%2CN-diethyl-m-toluamide+to+German+cockroaches+%28Orthoptera%3A+Blattellidae%29+by+hydrolytic+enzyme+inhibitors.&rft.au=Moss%2C+J+I&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-04-25 N1 - Date created - 2007-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) toxicoses in sheep: pathologic description and prevention of lesions and death. AN - 78604601; 8953535 AB - Water hemlock causes numerous livestock losses in North America every year. Description of pathologic and serum biochemical changes has been lacking in the literature. Tubers of western water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) induced excessive salivation, tremors, grand mal seizures, skeletal and cardiac myodegeneration, and death in sheep given 1.2-2.7 g fresh tuber/kg body weight by gavage. Seizures were intermittent with periods of relaxation until death occurred from anoxia during seizure activity. In sheep given 1.5-2.5 times the lethal dose of water hemlock by gavage, intravenous administration of sodium pentobarbital at the onset of the first seizure prevented further seizure activity and skeletal and cardiac myodegeneration and resulted in rapid and complete recovery. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Panter, K E AU - Baker, D C AU - Kechele, P O AD - USDA, Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 474 EP - 480 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Bilirubin KW - RFM9X3LJ49 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Animals KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Sheep KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Bilirubin -- blood KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- pathology KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- ultrastructure KW - Hemlock KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Poisoning -- pathology KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Myocardium -- ultrastructure KW - Sheep Diseases KW - Poisoning -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78604601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Water+hemlock+%28Cicuta+douglasii%29+toxicoses+in+sheep%3A+pathologic+description+and+prevention+of+lesions+and+death.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BBaker%2C+D+C%3BKechele%2C+P+O&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment in the regulatory process for wetlands. AN - 78548077; 8930504 AB - This paper presents an ecosystem-based approach to risk assessment in freshwater wetlands. The key concept in this approach is that the primary biotic and abiotic components that determine the structural and functional characteristics of wetlands are inseparable. Each component should be identified and its contribution to ecosystem functions or human values determined when deciding whether a stressor poses an unreasonable risk to the sustainability of a particular wetland. Understanding the major external and internal factors that regulate the operational conditions of wetlands is critical to risk characterization. Determining the linkages between these factors, and how they influence the way stressors affect wetlands, is the basis for an ecosystem approach. Adequate consideration of wetland ecology, hydrology, geomorphology, and soils can greatly reduce the level of uncertainty associated with risk assessment and lead to more effective risk management. In order to formulate effective solutions, wetland problems must be considered at watershed, landscape, and ecosystem scales. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 41 EP - 56 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chlorophyta KW - Fresh Water KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Biological Assay KW - Risk Assessment KW - Ecosystem KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78548077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+in+the+regulatory+process+for+wetlands.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of alternative methods to prepare porcine adipocytes for measurement with an electronic particle number and size determination apparatus. AN - 78502486; 8904707 AB - Experimental investigations with mammalian adipose tissue require a determination of adipocyte number as a basis for expression of metabolic and growth data. Determination of cell size is also important in adipose tissue because the fivefold or greater variation in adipocyte diameter in most growing and adult mammals precludes simple determination of cell number to interpret the biological observations. There are two approaches to determine adipocyte size and number: microscopic methods and electronic particle counter methods. Microscopic methods use embedded sections, frozen sections, or isolated cells, whereas electronic particle number and size instrumental methods use adipocytes released from fixed tissue fragments or adipocytes fixed after isolation. The advantage of the electronic approach is that it evaluates thousands of particles, although the standard fixative, osmium, is quite toxic. Consequently, we evaluated a number of alternative fixation methods to prepare isolated porcine adipocytes for number and size determination by electronic instrumentation. Fixation in 3, 4, or 5% glutaraldehyde or in 4% formaldehyde were not acceptable procedures for porcine adipocytes. The 4% glutaraldehyde fixation procedure was acceptable for isolated rat adipocytes (Stewart and Kaplan, 1993); porcine adipocytes seem to be much more susceptible to breakage using these procedures than rat adipocytes. We also added urea or Triton X-100 to glutaraldehyde- and osmium-fixed cells to decrease clumping and adhesion of individual cells; none of these additions was beneficial. Ability to store samples would improve the logistics for these time-consuming analyses. Samples of osmium-fixed adipocytes were stored in osmium, in .9% NaCl (saline) after removal of osmium, in 8 M urea after osmium removal with saline, or in .01% Triton X-100 after osmium removal with saline. Storage in urea or Triton was inappropriate because of irreversible clumping of individual cells. Storage in osmium was acceptable for at least 30 d. and storage in saline was marginally acceptable. The variability of the size determination process for osmium-fixed adipocytes was evaluated. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Fakler, T AU - O'Brian Smith, E AU - McNeel, R L AU - Mersmann, H J AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 2385 EP - 2393 VL - 74 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fixatives KW - 0 KW - Osmium KW - 2E7M255OPY KW - Glutaral KW - T3C89M417N KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Particle Size KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Cell Separation -- veterinary KW - Histological Techniques -- veterinary KW - Cell Separation -- methods KW - Adipocytes -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78502486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+alternative+methods+to+prepare+porcine+adipocytes+for+measurement+with+an+electronic+particle+number+and+size+determination+apparatus.&rft.au=Fakler%2C+T%3BO%27Brian+Smith%2C+E%3BMcNeel%2C+R+L%3BMersmann%2C+H+J&rft.aulast=Fakler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exon-specific DNA hypomethylation of the p53 gene of rat colon induced by dimethylhydrazine. Modulation by dietary folate. AN - 78426253; 8863662 AB - Folate deficiency enhances colorectal carcinogenesis in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. Folate is an important mediator of DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification of DNA that is known to be dysregulated in the early stages of colorectal cancer. This study investigated the effect of dimethylhydrazine on DNA methylation of the colonic p53 gene and the modulation of this effect by dietary folate. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0, 2, 8, or 40 mg of folate/kg of diet. Five weeks after diet initiation, dimethylhydrazine was injected weekly for fifteen weeks. Folate-depleted and folate-replete control animals did not receive dimethylhydrazine and were fed the 0- and 8-mg folate diets, respectively. The extent of p53 methylation was determined by a quantitative HpaII-polymerase chain reaction. In exons 6 and 7, significant p53 hypomethylation was observed in all dimethylhydrazine-treated rats relative to controls (P < 0.01), independent of dietary folate. In exon 8, significant p53 hypomethylation was observed only in the dimethylhydrazine-treated folate-depleted rats compared with controls (P = 0.038) and was effectively overcome by increasing levels of dietary folate (P = 0.008). In this model, dimethylhydrazine induces exon-specific p53 hypomethylation. In some exons, this occurs independent of dietary folate, and in others, increasing levels of dietary folate effectively override the induction of hypomethylation in a dose-responsive manner. This may be a mechanism by which increasing levels of dietary folate inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis. JF - The American journal of pathology AU - Kim, Y I AU - Pogribny, I P AU - Salomon, R N AU - Choi, S W AU - Smith, D E AU - James, S J AU - Mason, J B AD - Vitamin Bioavailability Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 1129 EP - 1137 VL - 149 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9440, 0002-9440 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Monomethylhydrazine KW - UWA30B5Z1J KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Exons KW - Precancerous Conditions -- chemically induced KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Precancerous Conditions -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Genes, p53 -- drug effects KW - DNA Methylation KW - Genes, p53 -- physiology KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Folic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Colon -- chemistry KW - Monomethylhydrazine -- pharmacology KW - Folic Acid -- analysis KW - Folic Acid -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78426253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.atitle=Exon-specific+DNA+hypomethylation+of+the+p53+gene+of+rat+colon+induced+by+dimethylhydrazine.+Modulation+by+dietary+folate.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y+I%3BPogribny%2C+I+P%3BSalomon%2C+R+N%3BChoi%2C+S+W%3BSmith%2C+D+E%3BJames%2C+S+J%3BMason%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.issn=00029440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Apr 25;19 Suppl:2045-71 [1645875] Gastroenterology. 1989 Aug;97(2):255-9 [2568304] Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):49-53 [1905840] Int J Cancer. 1991 Sep 9;49(2):161-7 [1652565] Int J Epidemiol. 1991 Jun;20(2):368-74 [1917236] Microbiol Rev. 1991 Sep;55(3):451-8 [1943996] Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jan;55(1):131-8 [1728812] Bioessays. 1992 Jan;14(1):33-6 [1546979] Br J Cancer. 1992 May;65(5):667-72 [1586594] FASEB J. 1992 Jul;6(10):2783-90 [1321771] Cancer Res. 1992 Sep 15;52(18):5002-6 [1516055] Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Feb 11;21(3):713-7 [8441680] Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):509-17 [2474378] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Feb 11;18(3):687 [1689825] J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 5;265(19):11389-96 [2162845] Cell. 1990 Aug 10;62(3):503-14 [1974172] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Sep;10(9):4987-9 [1697035] Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1288-90 [1697983] J Biol Chem. 1991 May 5;266(13):7985-7 [2022628] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Jun 30;193(3):1184-90 [8323540] J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1993;119(9):549-54 [8392076] Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Aug 15;138(4):225-36 [8395140] Int J Cancer. 1993 Sep 9;55(2):213-9 [8370618] J Nutr. 1993 Nov;123(11):1939-51 [8229312] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 15;91(4):1261-4 [8108398] Cancer. 1994 Aug 1;74(3):893-9 [8039116] Br J Cancer. 1994 Dec;70(6):1150-5 [7981067] Dis Colon Rectum. 1995 Jan;38(1):64-7; discussion 67-8 [7813348] Hum Mol Genet. 1994;3 Spec No:1487-95 [7849743] Eur J Cancer Prev. 1994 Nov;3(6):473-9 [7858479] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Feb 15;87(4):265-73 [7707417] Cancer Res. 1995 May 1;55(9):1894-901 [7794383] Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 May;61(5):1083-90 [7733033] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995 Oct-Nov;4(7):709-14 [8672986] Proc Assoc Am Physicians. 1995 Jul;107(2):218-27 [8624855] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Jun 2;85(11):875-84 [8492316] Digestion. 1973;8(1):22-34 [4776487] Br J Cancer. 1975 Jul;32(1):60-77 [1174451] Cancer Res. 1977 Nov;37(11):4082-7 [908041] Cancer Res. 1980 Jan;40(1):61-3 [7349904] Carcinogenesis. 1981;2(1):39-42 [7273286] Clin Chem. 1982 May;28(5):1198-200 [6804123] Nature. 1983 Jan 6;301(5895):89-92 [6185846] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Feb 28;111(1):47-54 [6187346] Hum Pathol. 1983 Nov;14(11):931-68 [6629368] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Aug;5(8):1027-31 [6086166] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Sep 10;782(4):331-42 [6383476] J Biol Chem. 1984 Oct 25;259(20):12437-43 [6208188] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Nov;73(5):1057-65 [6092764] Science. 1985 Apr 12;228(4696):187-90 [2579435] Dig Dis Sci. 1985 Dec;30(12 Suppl):87S-102S [2998716] Cell. 1986 Feb 28;44(4):535-43 [3456276] Cancer Res. 1988 Mar 1;48(5):1159-61 [3342396] J Nutr. 1988 Sep;118(9):1089-96 [3418416] Biochem J. 1991 Jun 1;276 ( Pt 2):301-6 [1710888] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedotransfer functions for variable Alluvial soils in southern Ohio AN - 52789528; 1996-078245 AB - A grid sampling pattern of 108 sample locations at distances ranging from 15 to 122 m was used to develop a baseline characterization of soil physical and hydrological properties in a 40 ha field. Statistical distributions of silt and sand were not normal. Coefficients of variation of sand, silt and clay contents were 59%, 18% and 25%. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed using indicator variables to separate the data into four textural classes (silty clay loam, silt loam, loam and sandy loam). This separation normalized the distributions of sand and silt contents, improving the data for use in development of PTFs. The resulting equations improved the prediction of the dependent variable (field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water capacity, percentage of water stable aggregates, or log of saturated hydraulic conductivity) from the five independent variables sand, silt, clay, organic matter content and bulk density, and suggested texture-specific interrelationships between the variables. JF - Geoderma AU - Salchow, E AU - Lal, R AU - Fausey, N R AU - Ward, A Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 165 EP - 181 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 73 IS - 3-4 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - soils KW - density KW - textures KW - statistical analysis KW - geostatistics KW - variations KW - southern Ohio KW - transfer functions KW - physical properties KW - Pike County Ohio KW - composition KW - water regimes KW - regression analysis KW - Alluvial soils KW - Ohio KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52789528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Pedotransfer+functions+for+variable+Alluvial+soils+in+southern+Ohio&rft.au=Salchow%2C+E%3BLal%2C+R%3BFausey%2C+N+R%3BWard%2C+A&rft.aulast=Salchow&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alluvial soils; composition; density; field studies; geostatistics; Ohio; physical properties; Pike County Ohio; regression analysis; soils; southern Ohio; statistical analysis; textures; transfer functions; United States; variations; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement and utilization of on-site soil moisture data AN - 52787040; 1996-078433 AB - Programs for the on-site measurement of soil moisture in the USA are reviewed. These are regional and national measurement programs that may be useful for the verification of remotely sensed soil moisture estimates and for hydroclimatic studies. Location and type of measurement are described. A technique for the utilization of on-site data of soil moisture and discharge together with remotely sensed data of the surface soil moisture is proposed for the estimation of soil water content aggregated over large areas. The technique is based on large-scale conceptual hydrologic models and on state estimation techniques that allow explicit account to be taken of measurement uncertainty. The proposed approach is explored in an example formulation applied to a 40 year record of monthly data from a 4672 km (super 2) natural catchment in Illinois. This study shows the ability of simple conceptual hydrologic models to simulate well both flow and soil water in humid areas and with monthly data. It is further shown that, even when the remotely sensed measurements of the surface soil moisture carry substantial measurement errors, inference of lower soil water and of total soil water is possible with an expected error that is smaller than that achieved without the use of the remotely sensed data. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Georgakakos, Konstantine P AU - Baumer, Otto W A2 - Georgakakos, Konstantine P. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 131 EP - 152 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 184 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - Illinois KW - moisture KW - techniques KW - measurement KW - case studies KW - hydrologic cycle KW - theoretical models KW - Great Plains KW - water regimes KW - Midwest KW - field studies KW - conterminous regions KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52787040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Measurement+and+utilization+of+on-site+soil+moisture+data&rft.au=Georgakakos%2C+Konstantine+P%3BBaumer%2C+Otto+W&rft.aulast=Georgakakos&rft.aufirst=Konstantine&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil moisture workshop N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; conterminous regions; field studies; Great Plains; hydrologic cycle; hydrology; Illinois; measurement; Midwest; moisture; North America; soils; techniques; theoretical models; United States; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetics of phosphate rock dissolution in acidic soil amended with liming materials and cellulose AN - 52781527; 1996-082239 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - He, Z L AU - Baligar, V C AU - Martens, D C AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Kemper, W D Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 1589 EP - 1595 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - fertilizers KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - Ultisols KW - polysaccharides KW - phosphorus KW - lime KW - solution KW - organic compounds KW - cellulose KW - sedimentary rocks KW - loam KW - carbohydrates KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - West Virginia KW - phosphate rocks KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52781527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Kinetics+of+phosphate+rock+dissolution+in+acidic+soil+amended+with+liming+materials+and+cellulose&rft.au=He%2C+Z+L%3BBaligar%2C+V+C%3BMartens%2C+D+C%3BRitchey%2C+K+D%3BKemper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbohydrates; cellulose; chemically precipitated rocks; fertilizers; geochemistry; kinetics; lime; loam; organic compounds; organic materials; phosphate rocks; phosphorus; polysaccharides; sedimentary rocks; soils; solution; Ultisols; United States; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A modified number-based method for estimating fragmentation fractal dimensions of soils AN - 52780726; 1996-082218 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Kozak, E AU - Pachepsky, Ya A AU - Sokolowski, S AU - Sokolowska, Z AU - Stepniewski, W Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 1291 EP - 1297 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - scale factor KW - methods KW - fragmentation KW - grain size KW - soil aggregates KW - analysis KW - morphology KW - models KW - size distribution KW - physical properties KW - fractals KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52780726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=A+modified+number-based+method+for+estimating+fragmentation+fractal+dimensions+of+soils&rft.au=Kozak%2C+E%3BPachepsky%2C+Ya+A%3BSokolowski%2C+S%3BSokolowska%2C+Z%3BStepniewski%2C+W&rft.aulast=Kozak&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - analysis; fractals; fragmentation; grain size; methods; models; morphology; physical properties; scale factor; size distribution; soil aggregates; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting phosphate rock dissolution in acid soil amended with liming materials and cellulose AN - 52777210; 1996-082240 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - He, Z L AU - Baligar, V C AU - Martens, D C AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Kemper, W D Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 1596 EP - 1601 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - limestone KW - fertilizers KW - sorption KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - cation exchange capacity KW - Ultisols KW - polysaccharides KW - agriculture KW - phosphorus KW - lime KW - properties KW - solution KW - organic compounds KW - cellulose KW - sedimentary rocks KW - loam KW - carbohydrates KW - carbonate rocks KW - pH KW - phosphate rocks KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52777210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+phosphate+rock+dissolution+in+acid+soil+amended+with+liming+materials+and+cellulose&rft.au=He%2C+Z+L%3BBaligar%2C+V+C%3BMartens%2C+D+C%3BRitchey%2C+K+D%3BKemper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; carbohydrates; carbonate rocks; cation exchange capacity; cellulose; chemically precipitated rocks; fertilizers; lime; limestone; loam; organic compounds; organic materials; pH; phosphate rocks; phosphorus; polysaccharides; properties; sedimentary rocks; soils; solution; sorption; Ultisols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractal characterization of aggregate-size distribution; the question of scale invariance AN - 52774037; 1996-082222 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Logsdon, S D AU - Gimenez, D AU - Allmaras, R R Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 1327 EP - 1330 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - scale factor KW - morphology KW - size distribution KW - moisture KW - soil aggregates KW - fractals KW - Mollisols KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52774037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Fractal+characterization+of+aggregate-size+distribution%3B+the+question+of+scale+invariance&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+S+D%3BGimenez%2C+D%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fractals; moisture; Mollisols; morphology; scale factor; size distribution; soil aggregates; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using soil erosion models for global change studies AN - 52752128; 1997-018368 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Williams, J AU - Nearing, M AU - Nicks, A AU - Skidmore, E AU - Valentin, C AU - King, K AU - Savabi, R Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 381 EP - 385 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 51 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - terrestrial environment KW - erosion KW - data acquisition KW - data processing KW - ecosystems KW - simulation KW - carbon dioxide KW - Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator KW - climate effects KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - GLEAMS KW - global KW - wind erosion KW - water erosion KW - mathematical models KW - preventive measures KW - models KW - computer programs KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - erodibility KW - EPIC KW - changes KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52752128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Using+soil+erosion+models+for+global+change+studies&rft.au=Williams%2C+J%3BNearing%2C+M%3BNicks%2C+A%3BSkidmore%2C+E%3BValentin%2C+C%3BKing%2C+K%3BSavabi%2C+R&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; changes; climate effects; computer programs; data acquisition; data processing; ecosystems; EPIC; erodibility; erosion; erosion control; Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator; GLEAMS; global; hydrology; mathematical models; models; monitoring; preventive measures; runoff; simulation; soil erosion; soils; terrestrial environment; water erosion; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlations between simple field test and relative density-test values AN - 52725378; 1997-030975 JF - Journal of Geotechnical Engineering AU - McCook, Danny K Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 860 EP - 862 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 122 IS - 10 SN - 0733-9410, 0733-9410 KW - soil mechanics KW - sand KW - density KW - clastic sediments KW - shear KW - sediments KW - consolidation KW - field studies KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52725378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Correlations+between+simple+field+test+and+relative+density-test+values&rft.au=McCook%2C+Danny+K&rft.aulast=McCook&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.issn=07339410&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGENDZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; consolidation; density; field studies; sand; sediments; shear; soil mechanics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air--Water Gas Exchange of Organochlorine Compounds in Lake Baikal, Russia AN - 17652266; 4426347 AB - Air and surface water samples were collected at Lake Baikal, Russia, during June 1991 to determine concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. These data were combined with Henry's law constants to estimate the gas flux rate across the air--water interface of each compound class. Air samples were collected at Lake Baikal and from nearby Irkutsk. Water samples were collected from three mid-lake stations and at the mouth of two major tributaries. Average air concentrations of chlorinated bornanes (14 pg m super(-3)), chlordanes (4.9 pg m super(-3)), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (194 pg m super(-3)) were similar to global background or Arctic levels. However, air concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs, and PCBs were closer to those observed in the Great Lakes region. Significantly higher levels of these three compound classes in air over Irkutsk suggests that regional atmospheric transport and deposition may be an important source of these persistent compounds to Lake Baikal. Air--water gas exchange calculations resulted in net depositional flux values for alpha -HCH, gamma -HCH, DDTs, and chlorinated bornanes at 112, 23, 3.6, and 2.4 ng m super(-2) d super(-1), respectively. The total net flux of 22 PCB congeners, chlordanes, and HCB was from water to air (volatilization) at 47, 1.8, and 32 ng m super(-2) d super(-1), respectively. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - McConnell, L L AU - Kucklick, J R AU - Bidleman, T F AU - Ivanov, G P AU - Chernyak, S M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, mcconnel@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 2975 EP - 2983 VL - 30 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Russia, Siberia, Baikal L. KW - gas flux KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Lakes KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - Air-water Interfaces KW - DDT KW - Water Sampling KW - Organic Compounds KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Air--Water+Gas+Exchange+of+Organochlorine+Compounds+in+Lake+Baikal%2C+Russia&rft.au=McConnell%2C+L+L%3BKucklick%2C+J+R%3BBidleman%2C+T+F%3BIvanov%2C+G+P%3BChernyak%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Pollution; Lakes; Air-water Interfaces; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Water Sampling; DDT; Organic Compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring and analyzing urban tree cover AN - 16119161; 4210429 AB - Measurement of city tree cover can aid in urban vegetation planning, management, and research by revealing characteristics of vegetation across a city. Urban tree cover in the United States ranges from 0.4% in Lancaster, California, to 55% in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Two important factors that affect the amount of urban tree cover are the natural environment and land use. Urban tree cover is highest in cities that developed in naturally forested areas (31%), followed by grassland cities (19%) and desert cities (10%), but showed wide variation based on individual city characteristics. Tree cover ranged from 15 to 55% for cities in forested areas, 5 to 39% for those in grassland areas, and 0.4 to 26% for cities developed in desert regions. Park and residential lands along with vacant lands in forested areas generally have the highest tree cover among different land uses. Methods of measuring urban tree cover are presented as are planning and management implications of tree-cover data. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Nowak, D J AU - Rowntree, R A AU - McPherson, E G AU - Sisinni, S M AU - Kerkmann, E R AU - Stevens, J C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., 5 Moon Library, SUNY-CESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 49 EP - 57 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - trees KW - urban environments KW - land use KW - D 04695:Urban environments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Measuring+and+analyzing+urban+tree+cover&rft.au=Nowak%2C+D+J%3BRowntree%2C+R+A%3BMcPherson%2C+E+G%3BSisinni%2C+S+M%3BKerkmann%2C+E+R%3BStevens%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; urban environments; trees; land use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon dioxide enrichment improves growth, water relations and survival of droughted honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) seedlings AN - 16086725; 4115806 AB - Low water availability reduces the establishment of the invasive shrub Prosopis on some grasslands. Water deficit survival and traits that may contribute to the postponement or tolerance of plant dehydration were measured on seedlings of P. glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa (honey mesquite) grown at CO sub(2) concentrations of 370 (ambient), 710, and 1050 mu mol mol super(-1). Because elevated CO sub(2) decreases stomatal conductance, the number of seedlings per container in the elevated CO sub(2) treatments was increased to ensure that soil water content was depleted at similar rates in all treatments. Seedlings grown at elevated CO sub(2) had a greater root biomass and a higher ratio of lateral root to total root biomass than those grown at ambient CO sub(2) concentration; however, these seedlings also shed more leaves and retained smaller leaves. These changes, together with a reduced transpiration/leaf area ratio at elevated CO sub(2), may have contributed to a slight increase in xylem pressure potentials of seedlings in the 1050 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) treatment during the first 37 days of growth (0.26 to 0.40 MPa). Osmotic potential was not affected by CO sub(2) treatment. Increasing the CO sub(2) concentration to 710 and 1050 mu mol mol super(-1) more than doubled the percentage survival of seedlings from which water was withheld for 65 days. Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly increased survival from 0% to about 40% among seedlings that experienced the lowest soil water content. By increasing seedling survival of drought, rising atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration may increase abundance of P. glandulosa on grasslands where low water availability limits its establishment. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Polley, H W AU - Johnson, H B AU - Mayeux, H S AU - Tischler, C R AU - Brown, DA AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 817 EP - 823 VL - 16 IS - 10 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Prosopis glandulosa KW - carbon dioxide KW - available water KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - seedlings KW - shrubs KW - water relations KW - drought resistance KW - growth KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16086725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Carbon+dioxide+enrichment+improves+growth%2C+water+relations+and+survival+of+droughted+honey+mesquite+%28Prosopis+glandulosa%29+seedlings&rft.au=Polley%2C+H+W%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BMayeux%2C+H+S%3BTischler%2C+C+R%3BBrown%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prosopis glandulosa; carbon dioxide; drought resistance; water relations; growth; available water; shrubs; seedlings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous cultures of macrophages derived from the 8-day epiblast of the pig AN - 16035112; 4088399 AB - Secondary macrophage cell cultures were generated from the primary culture of epiblasts of 8-d-old pig blastocysts. The epiblast-derived macrophagelike (EDM) cells have a morphology and ameboid behavior that is typical of tissue histocytes. The cells reacted positively with monoclonal antibodies specific for pig granulocyte-macrophage lineage cells, and were not reactive with monoclonal antibodies specific for pig B and T lymphocytes. Marked phagocytic behavior and the formation of phagosomes were demonstrated following incubation with FITC-labeled bacteria. The EDM cells stained positively for nonspecific acid esterase that was not inhibited by sodium fluoride. DiI-acetylated-LDL was rapidly taken up by the cells. Transmission electron microscopy of the EDM cells showed phagolysosomes, numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles, large, lobed nuclei, and numerous pseudopods or filopodia at the cell surface. Strong reactivity of the cells with anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody was observed. Further, cytotoxic activity was produced from the EDM cells after exposure to lipopolysaccharide in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The cultures could be maintained and expanded for several months on STO co-culture. Their derivation from the epiblast of the pig demonstrates the possibility of obtaining hemopoietic cell cultures from the preimplantation blastocysts of all mammals. (DBO) JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Talbot, N C AU - Worku, M AU - Paape, MJ AU - Grier, P AU - Rexroad, CE Jr AU - Pursel, V G AD - USDA, LPSI, ARS, Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, BARC-East, Building 200, Room 13, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 541 EP - 549 VL - 32 IS - 9 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - continuous culture KW - macrophages KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16035112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Continuous+cultures+of+macrophages+derived+from+the+8-day+epiblast+of+the+pig&rft.au=Talbot%2C+N+C%3BWorku%2C+M%3BPaape%2C+MJ%3BGrier%2C+P%3BRexroad%2C+CE+Jr%3BPursel%2C+V+G&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - continuous culture; macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation, purification and identification of 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol as a phytotoxin from Fusarium solani AN - 16027951; 4095620 AB - An isolate of Fusarium solani was very phytotoxic to weeds such as sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus), and some morningglories when the fungus was grown on rice media. Spores were not pathogenic to these plant species at 1.8 x 10 super(8) spores/ml. An active fraction was extracted with BuOH:H sub(2)O (1:1) and was severely phytotoxic to sicklepod, velvetleaf, and duckweed (Lemna pausicostata Helgelm). The extract did not contain common Fusarium phytotoxins such as moniliformin, fusaric acid, fumonisins, and polar trichothecenes. A new compound with the formula C sub(6)H sub(12)O sub(5) was isolated and identified as 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol. This compound was phytotoxic to duckweed and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] at 125 ppm but not to sicklepod or velvetleaf. This compound inhibited germination of barnyardgrass at 1000 ppm and inhibited shoot and root elongation at lower concentrations. Phytotoxic symptoms of the pure compound also differed from the crude extract, indicating that not all of the compounds responsible for phytotoxicity have been isolated. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Tanaka, T AU - Hatano, K AU - Watanabe, M AU - Abbas, H K AD - Southern Weed Sci. Lab., USDA/ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 317 EP - 329 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Echinocloa crusgalli KW - Lemna pausicostata KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Abutilon theophrasti KW - biological control KW - phytotoxins KW - Senna obtusifolia KW - Fusarium solani KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16027951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+purification+and+identification+of+2%2C5-anhydro-D-glucitol+as+a+phytotoxin+from+Fusarium+solani&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+T%3BHatano%2C+K%3BWatanabe%2C+M%3BAbbas%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abutilon theophrasti; Fusarium solani; Senna obtusifolia; phytotoxins; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Helicobacter and Arcobacter species: Risks for foods and beverages AN - 15918691; 4044960 AB - Taxonomically, the RNA Superfamily VI includes the genera Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Arcobacter. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli the major causes of acute enteritis in humans. Helicobacter pylori causes human ulcers and has been linked to cancer. Helicobacter pylori has been detected in water, but in no other food. Although antibody titers were elevated in abattoir workers exposed to hog carcasses, there have been no recoveries of H. pylori from swine or other livestock. The genus Arcobacter was proposed in 1991 to include aerotolerant campylobacter-like organisms recovered from cases of livestock abortion and human enteritis. Arcobacter spp. have been cultured from water, cattle, swine, poultry, and from ground pork products. The evidence for considering Helicobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp., especially A. butzleri, as emerging foodborne pathogens and their risk of transmission in foods and beverages is reviewed. The risk of transmission to humans of H. pylori and A. butzleri via properly cooked foods and chlorinated water is negligible. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Wesley, I V AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res., Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1127 EP - 1132 VL - 59 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - reviews KW - Helicobacter KW - food KW - beverages KW - Arcobacter KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15918691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Helicobacter+and+Arcobacter+species%3A+Risks+for+foods+and+beverages&rft.au=Wesley%2C+I+V&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicobacter; Arcobacter; food; beverages; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Furrow irrigation erosion and sedimentation: On-field distribution AN - 15904505; 4040394 AB - Erosion created by furrow irrigation is a serious problem in some states and has resulted in reduced crop yields. Most furrow erosion assessments have been based on measured sediment discharge from the field, which results in an average erosion rate for the whole field. However, erosion theory predicts that the erosion rate should decrease with distance from the head (inflow) end of the furrow. The purpose of this study was to quantify soil erosion and deposition distribution within furrow irrigated fields. Within-field sediment discharge measurements on two silt loam fields in southern Idaho showed that over half of the soil that eroded from the head end of the furrows deposited on the lower portions of the field as furrow flow rates decreased. Erosion rates on the upper quarter of uniformly-sloped furrows were 6-20 times greater than average rates from the field. The measurements demonstrate the need to measure erosion rates on the head ends as well as for the whole field, and explain visible erosion damage from head ends where field average erosion rates are not high. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Trout, T J AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Water Manage. Res. Lab., 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1717 EP - 1723 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Idaho, Southern KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - furrow irrigation KW - sediment discharge KW - flow rates KW - quantitative analysis KW - deposition KW - sedimentation KW - damage KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15904505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Furrow+irrigation+erosion+and+sedimentation%3A+On-field+distribution&rft.au=Trout%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - furrow irrigation; soil erosion; deposition; quantitative analysis; flow rates; erosion rates; damage; sediment discharge; sedimentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese-dependent cleavage of nonphenolic lignin structures by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in the absence of lignin peroxidase AN - 15896348; 4033155 AB - Many ligninolytic fungi appear to lack lignin peroxidase (LiP), the enzyme generally thought to cleave the major, recalcitrant, nonphenolic structures in lignin. At least one such fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, is nevertheless able to degrade these nonphenolic structures. Experiments showed that wood block cultures and defined liquid medium cultures of C. subvermispora rapidly depolymerized and mineralized a super(14)C-labeled, polyethylene glycol-linked, high-molecular-weight beta -O-4 lignin model compound (model I) that represents the major nonphenolic structure of lignin. The fungus cleaved model I between C sub( alpha ) and C sub( beta ) to release benzylic fragments, which were shown in isotope trapping experiments to be major products of model I metabolism. The C sub( alpha )-C sub( beta ) cleavage of beta -O-4 lignin structures to release benzylic fragments is characteristic of LiP catalysis, but assays of C. subvermispora liquid cultures that were metabolizing model I confirmed that the fungus produced no detectable LiP activity. Three results pointed, instead, to the participation of a different enzyme, manganese peroxidase (MnP), in the degradation of nonphenolic lignin structures by C. subvermispora. (i) The degradation of model I and of exhaustively methylated (nonphenolic), super(14)C-labeled, synthetic lignin by the fungus in liquid cultures was almost completely inhibited when the Mn concentration of the medium was decreased from 35 mu M to approximately 5 mu M. (ii) The fungus degraded model I and methylated lignin significantly faster in the presence of Tween 80, a source of unsaturated fatty acids, than it did in the presence of Tween 20, which contains only saturated fatty acids. Previous work has shown that nonphenolic lignin structures are degraded during the MnP-mediated peroxidation of unsaturated lipids. (iii) In experiments with MnP, Mn(II), and unsaturated lipid in vitro, this system mimicked intact C. subvermispora cultures in that it cleaved nonphenolic beta -O-4 lignin model compounds between C sub( alpha ) and C sub( beta ) to release a benzylic fragment. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jensen, KA Jr AU - Bao, W AU - Kawai, S AU - Srebotnik, E AU - Hammel, KE AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochem. Technol., USDA Forest Products Lab., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 3679 EP - 3686 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lignin KW - lignin peroxidase KW - manganese KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biodegradation KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15896348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Manganese-dependent+cleavage+of+nonphenolic+lignin+structures+by+Ceriporiopsis+subvermispora+in+the+absence+of+lignin+peroxidase&rft.au=Jensen%2C+KA+Jr%3BBao%2C+W%3BKawai%2C+S%3BSrebotnik%2C+E%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endophytic fungi of Manilkara bidentata leaves in Puerto Rico AN - 15881776; 4032109 AB - Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves of Manilkara bidentata (Sapotaceae) collected in Puerto Rico. One leaf was collected from each of three trees. Four 5 x 20 mm panels were cut from each leaf, surface sterilized, cut into 50 1 x 2 mm pieces, and plated on malt agar. Petioles were cut into ten 1 mm segments. Fungi were isolated from 90%-95% of the leaf pieces and all of the petiole segments. Xylaria spp. were found in 73%-74% of the leaf pieces in two of the three leaves, but only 21% in the third leaf. Xylaria cf. multiplex, X. cf. adscendens, a member of the X. mellisii/X. arbuscula complex, and 20 other fungal species were isolated. Nineteen of the 22 species on leaf blades were found on at least two of the three leaves, but half of the 12 species in petioles were unique to one leaf. The 22 species isolated from leaf blades fit a lognormal distribution. An estimated three to six species were not discovered, indicating that the 22 species found on leaf blades represented 79%-88% of the endophytic community. JF - Mycologia AU - Lodge, D J AU - Fisher, P J AU - Sutton, B C AD - Cent. for Forest Mycology Res., USDA Forest Serv., Forest Products Lab., PO Box 1377, Luquillo, Puerto Rico 00773-1377 Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 733 EP - 738 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0027-5511, 0027-5511 KW - rain forests KW - Xylaria adscendens KW - Xylaria mellisii KW - Xylaria arbuscula KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Xylaria multiplex KW - endophytes KW - Manilkara bidentata KW - leaves KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15881776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Endophytic+fungi+of+Manilkara+bidentata+leaves+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Lodge%2C+D+J%3BFisher%2C+P+J%3BSutton%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manilkara bidentata; Xylaria multiplex; leaves; endophytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercaste, intercolony, and temporal variation in cuticular hydrocarbons of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) AN - 15872285; 4025710 AB - We characterized the variation in cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures between seven colonies of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, from the same population. We report differences between castes, between colonies, and within the population over time to assess seasonality. Colonies of C. formosanus from Oahu, Hawaii, were sampled for 25 months. Each month, one sample each of 200 workers, 50 soldiers, nymphs, or alates from each colony was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons. We resolved 39 individual peaks and identified 52 individual or isomeric mixtures of hydrocarbons. Only n-alkanes and methyl-branched alkanes occur; no olefins were found. Internally branched monomethylalkanes were the most abundant class of hydrocarbons, representing 45% to 50% of the total. 9-; 11-; 13-Methylheptacosane accounted for over 30% of the total hydrocarbon for all castes. 2-Methyl- and 3-methylalkanes comprise approximately 30% of the total. Internally branched dimethylalkanes constitute 15% to 20% of the total cuticular hydrocarbon. Only one trimethylalkane, 13,15,17-trimethylnonacosane, was found in small amounts. The hydrocarbon mixtures of all four castes were similar. Quantitative differences in hydrocarbon mixtures among the castes were easily displayed using canonical discriminant analysis. Soldiers and workers are significantly different from one another and from nymphs and alates. Nineteen peaks are statistically significant between workers and soldiers. Nymphs and alates were not statistically different. We detected statistically significant quantitative differences between colonies in 18 peaks for workers and 12 peaks for soldiers. Each of the colonies C. formosanus can be separated from the others by the proportions of their hydrocarbon components. We detected statistically significant differences between months of the year for 12 peaks for workers and four peaks for soldiers; two peaks each for workers and soldiers showed distinct, seasonal trends. This seasonal shift in proportions of hydrocarbons correlates with the production of alates. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Haverty, MI AU - Grace, J K AU - Nelson, L J AU - Yamamoto, R T AD - Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1813 EP - 1834 VL - 22 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - temporal variations KW - Isoptera KW - colonies KW - castes KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Rhinotermitidae KW - cuticular hydrocarbons KW - Coptotermes formosanus KW - USA, Hawaii KW - seasonal variations KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05163:Integument KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18008:Pheromones & other infochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15872285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Intercaste%2C+intercolony%2C+and+temporal+variation+in+cuticular+hydrocarbons+of+Coptotermes+formosanus+Shiraki+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29&rft.au=Haverty%2C+MI%3BGrace%2C+J+K%3BNelson%2C+L+J%3BYamamoto%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Haverty&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coptotermes formosanus; Rhinotermitidae; USA, Hawaii; colonies; castes; cuticular hydrocarbons; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simulation of microbial competition in the human colonic ecosystem AN - 15869898; 4024913 AB - Many investigations of the interactions of microbial competitors in the gastrointestinal tract used continuous-flow anaerobic cultures. The simulation reported here was a deterministic 11-compartment model coded by using the C programming language and based on parameters from published in vitro studies and assumptions where data were unavailable. The resource compartments were glucose, lactose and sucrose, starch, sorbose, and serine. Six microbial competitors included indigenous nonpathogenic colonizers of the human gastrointestinal tract (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacteroides ovatus, Fusobacterium varium, and Enterococcus faecalis) and the potential human enteropathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Flows of carbon from the resources to the microbes were modified by resource and space controls. Partitioning of resources to the competitors that could utilize them was calculated at each iteration on the basis of availability of all resources by feeding preference functions. Resources did not accumulate during iterations of the model. The results of the computer simulation of microbial competition reproduced published experimental results. Graphical output of simulations was presented for the base case competition model and for various modifications of the model. The results were based on few measured parameters but may be useful in the design of user-friendly software to aid researchers in defining and manipulating the microbial ecology of colonic ecosystems as relates to food-borne disease. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Coleman, ME AU - Dreesen, D W AU - Wiegert, R G AD - USDA/FSIS, 300 12th St. SW, Rm. 305 Annex, Washington, DC 20250-3700, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 3632 EP - 3639 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - man KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - colon KW - microflora KW - models KW - intestinal microflora KW - competition KW - J 02841:Microflora KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15869898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+simulation+of+microbial+competition+in+the+human+colonic+ecosystem&rft.au=Coleman%2C+ME%3BDreesen%2C+D+W%3BWiegert%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microflora; colon; gastrointestinal tract; intestinal microflora; competition; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative effect of temperature and time on activity of dipel 2x and MVP preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki on diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) AN - 15868925; 4027536 AB - Bioassays with MVP, a genetically engineered form of a toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, demonstrated that a plateau in concentration response depended on the temperature and time when mortality was assessed. The presence of a plateau did not indicate resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Comparisons of LC sub(50)s at 25 degree C indicated that MVP acted more slowly than a conventional B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki formulation (Dipel 2x). However, LT sub(50)s of the preparations at a given concentration did not vary substantially. At 28 degree C, responses were approximately equal over time. To avoid artifacts in analyses of concentration-response data, we recommend that bioassays be designed carefully to account for subtle differences in the behavior of genetically engineered versus conventional preparations of B. thuringiensis. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Robertson, J L AU - Preisler, H K AU - Ng, Sen Seong AU - Hickle, LA AU - Berdeja, A AU - Gelernter, W D AD - USDA Forest Serv., PSW Res. Stn., P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1084 EP - 1087 VL - 89 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - dipel 2x KW - temperature KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - time KW - Plutellidae KW - Plutella xylostella KW - temporal variations KW - pathogenicity KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15868925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+effect+of+temperature+and+time+on+activity+of+dipel+2x+and+MVP+preparations+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+subsp.+kurstaki+on+diamondback+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Plutellidae%29&rft.au=Robertson%2C+J+L%3BPreisler%2C+H+K%3BNg%2C+Sen+Seong%3BHickle%2C+LA%3BBerdeja%2C+A%3BGelernter%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - time; temporal variations; pathogenicity; Plutellidae; Plutella xylostella; Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of water potential upon radial growth of Epichloe and Claviceps purpurea isolates in culture AN - 15868851; 4025319 AB - Claviceps purpurea and single isolates of Epichloe amaryllans and E. baconii grew well between -0.3 and -3.0 MPa water potential, below which growth declined with declining water potential. The isolates of E. clarkii and of E. typhina were less tolerant to reduced water potential. Antibiotic was weakly produced by some Epichloee isolates but not by C. purpurea. JF - Mycologia AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Bruehl, G W AD - USDA/ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Stn., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 816 EP - 818 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0027-5511, 0027-5511 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cell culture KW - Epichloe KW - Claviceps purpurea KW - water potential KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15868851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+water+potential+upon+radial+growth+of+Epichloe+and+Claviceps+purpurea+isolates+in+culture&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BBruehl%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=816&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epichloe; Claviceps purpurea; water potential; cell culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some effects of water potential upon endophytic Acremonium spp. in culture AN - 15868805; 4025318 AB - Acremonium coenophialum, A. starrii, and A. typhinum were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with KCl (PDA + KCl) or sucrose (PDA + S) to attain a wide range of osmotic water potentials. Radial growth was greatest between -0.3 MPa (PDA without amendment) and -3.0 to -4.0 MPa, below which growth diminished to near zero at -8 MPa. Acremonium isolates grew well on corn meal agar (CMA + KCl), but antibiotic and halo production were not detected on these media. Halos consisting of an unknown opaque deposit formed within the media around colonies of some isolates in PDA and in certain PDA + KCl combinations. Inhibition zones were not detected on media adjusted to a water potential below about -3.5 to -4.2 MPa. Aerial hyphae were sparse on CMA + KCl at -5.47 MPa or lower, facilitating visual observation of sporulation. Sporulation by some isolates occurred over the entire range of water potentials. Isolates varied in radial growth, production of inhibition zones, sporulation, and in production of halos within the media and these responses appear to be characteristic of the isolate rather than the species. Growth of an unknown Acremonium species from Stipa robusta was restricted at -2.33 MPa on PDA amended with sucrose. JF - Mycologia AU - Bruehl, G W AU - Kaiser, W J AD - USDA/ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Stn., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 809 EP - 815 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0027-5511, 0027-5511 KW - Acremonium coenophialum KW - Acremonium starrii KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cell culture KW - Hordeum KW - Festuca KW - water potential KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15868805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Some+effects+of+water+potential+upon+endophytic+Acremonium+spp.+in+culture&rft.au=Bruehl%2C+G+W%3BKaiser%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Bruehl&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Festuca; Hordeum; water potential; cell culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Granular matrix formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis for control of the European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 15866172; 4021237 AB - A low-cost, granular matrix formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki, composed primarily of corn flour and containing a feeding stimulant composed of cottonseed flour and sugars, was developed for use against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner), on whorl-stage corn. Laboratory experiments indicated that a corn flour agricultural commodity product was a suitable carrier, that the feeding stimulant enhanced the activity of B. thuringiensis, and that the granular matrix protected B. thuringiensis from photodegradation. Results of a greenhouse test showed higher mortality of the European corn borer on corn plants treated with the granular matrix than on plants treated with a standard commercial granular formulation of B. thuringiensis. Mortality with either treatment was increased by application of simulated rainfall. In a field test, the granular matrix applied at a rate of 5.5 kg/ha gave control comparable with that achieved by the commercial standard applied at a rate of 11 kg /ha. Results indicated that increased efficacy or reduction in costs of management of the European corn borer with B. thuringiensis should be possible through the use of the granular matrix formulation. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Ridgway, R L AU - Illum, V L AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Calvin, D D AU - Fleischer, S J AU - Inscoe, M N AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1088 EP - 1094 VL - 89 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - formulations KW - Lepidoptera KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - biological control KW - pest control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15866172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Granular+matrix+formulation+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+for+control+of+the+European+corn+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Ridgway%2C+R+L%3BIllum%2C+V+L%3BFarrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BCalvin%2C+D+D%3BFleischer%2C+S+J%3BInscoe%2C+M+N&rft.aulast=Ridgway&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Pyralidae; Ostrinia nubilalis; pest control; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germination of soil-incorporated microsclerotia of Colletotrichum truncatum and colonization of seedlings of the weed Sesbania exaltata AN - 15865920; 4024159 AB - Microsclerotia of the bioherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum truncatum were produced in submerged culture. Seedlings of the weed Sesbania exaltata became infected when seeds were germinated in air-steam pasteurized (60 degree C, 30 min) field soil infested with 165 microsclerotia/cm super(3). Infection was first noted 3 days after planting seeds, when the pathogen was recovered from 5% of plant segments taken from within 0.5 cm of the soil surface. By day 7, C. truncatum was recovered from 38% of stem and root segments within 0.5 cm of the soil surface, and from 60% of similar segments by day 8. Of all pathogen recovery, 66% came from segments within 0.5 cm of the soil surface and 92% of recoveries came from within 1.0 cm of the soil surface. All freshly produced microsclerotia on Nobel water agar had germinated after 24 h and conidial production from germinated microsclerotia was detected. Conidiation peaked in vitro after 2 days, with approximately 3500 conidia being produced per microsclerotium. In situ, light microscopy showed that about 40% of microsclerotia produce setae after 1 day in pasteurized potting mix. This level was virtually unchanged after 2, 3, and 4 days of incubation though all microsclerotia remained viable. Scanning electron microscopy determined that, in situ, microsclerotia germinated sporogenically to produce conidia and setae. Newly produced conidia germinated and formed appressoria on S. exaltata roots after 2 days, when root radicles were less than 1 day old. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Schisler, DA AU - Jackson, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., U.S. Dep. Agric. (USDA), Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1032 EP - 1038 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - colonization KW - germination KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - weed control KW - sclerotia KW - herbicides KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15865920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Germination+of+soil-incorporated+microsclerotia+of+Colletotrichum+truncatum+and+colonization+of+seedlings+of+the+weed+Sesbania+exaltata&rft.au=Schisler%2C+DA%3BJackson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; weed control; sclerotia; herbicides; colonization; germination; Colletotrichum truncatum; Sesbania exaltata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, flight periodicity in northern Utah AN - 15859151; 4017801 AB - The flight periodicity of western balsam bark beetle (Dryocoetes confusus Swaine) in Big Cottonwood Canyon, Utah was studied during the summer months of 1992, 1993, and 1994. Contents of baited funnel traps were tallied by species up to 3 times weekly. Two main periods of flight activity were observed each year. The first and, generally, largest occurred in early summer soon after flight was initiated for the season. A 2nd period was observed in late summer, generally August. Timing of the 2 periods was influenced by unusually warm or cool weather in each study year. The 1st period had more males than females while the 2nd period had a majority of females. Except during periods of cool or wet weather, western balsam bark beetles were found to be active at least at minimal levels from June through September. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Hansen, E M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 348 EP - 359 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Utah KW - Scolytidae KW - sex differences KW - climatic conditions KW - phenology KW - Dryocoetes confusus KW - flight activity KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15859151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Western+balsam+bark+beetle%2C+Dryocoetes+confusus+Swaine%2C+flight+periodicity+in+northern+Utah&rft.au=Hansen%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dryocoetes confusus; Scolytidae; USA, Utah; flight activity; phenology; climatic conditions; sex differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gaseous disinfection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts AN - 15850463; 4019544 AB - Purified oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum suspended in similar to 400 mu l of phosphate-buffered saline or deionized water in microcentrifuge tubes were exposed at 21 to 23 degree C for 24 h to a saturated atmosphere of ammonia, carbon monoxide, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, or methyl bromide gas. Controls were exposed to air. Oocysts in each tube were then rinsed and resuspended in fresh, deionized water, and 1 million oocysts exposed to each gas were orally administered to each of three to six neonatal BALB/c mice in replicate groups. Histologic sections of ileum, cecum, and colon tissues taken from each mouse 72 h after oral administration of oocysts were examined microscopically to determine if infection had been established. All 15 mice given oocysts exposed to carbon monoxide had numerous developmental stages of Cryptosporidium in all three intestinal segments. Of 10 mice given oocysts exposed to formaldehyde, 6 had a few developmental stages of Cryptosporidium in the ileum. No mice given oocysts exposed to ammonia, ethylene oxide, or methyl bromide were found to be infected. These findings indicate the efficacy of these low-molecular-weight gases (ammonia, ethylene oxide, and methyl bromide) as potential disinfectants for C. parvum oocysts where soil, rooms, buildings, tools, or instruments might be contaminated. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fayer, R AU - Graczyk, T K AU - Cranfield, M R AU - Trout, J M AD - USDA, ARS, IDRL, Bldg. 1040, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 3908 EP - 3909 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - gaseous disinfection KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - gases KW - ethylene oxide KW - methyl bromide KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - water treatment KW - disinfection KW - ammonia KW - oocysts KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15850463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Gaseous+disinfection+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R%3BGraczyk%2C+T+K%3BCranfield%2C+M+R%3BTrout%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3908&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; ammonia; oocysts; disinfection; water treatment; gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening maize for resistance to chinch bug (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) under greenhouse conditions AN - 15850422; 4017991 AB - A technique for screening seedling stage maize, Zea mays L., for resistance to chinch bug, Blissus leucopterous leucopterous (Say), in the greenhouse was needed to identify possible host plant resistance. Development of the technique required the following: collecting a source of adults from field-reared overwintering insects and storing them until needed, developing a small test cage that would be suitable both for normal growth of the test seedlings and for the adults to feed at their normal site on the plant without escaping, determining the appropriate number of adults and feeding time required to separate genotypes with varying levels of susceptibility, developing criteria for evaluation of the responses of the plants to the feeding of the adults based on degree of damage to seedlings, and conducting a series of screening experiments to test technique efficiency in separating levels of susceptibility among maize genotypes. This technique resulted in the identification of a range of plant responses from highly susceptible to resistant. The inbred line 'Tx601' was identified as having resistance, whereas the inbred line 'Mp420' was highly susceptible to chinch bug damage. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Davis, F M AU - Williams, W P AU - Van den Berg, J AD - Corn Host Plant Resistance Res. Unit, Crop Sci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1318 EP - 1324 VL - 89 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hemiptera KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pest resistance KW - Blissus leucopterus leucopterus KW - Zea mays KW - greenhouses KW - Lygaeidae KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15850422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Screening+maize+for+resistance+to+chinch+bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Lygaeidae%29+under+greenhouse+conditions&rft.au=Davis%2C+F+M%3BWilliams%2C+W+P%3BVan+den+Berg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; greenhouses; Blissus leucopterus leucopterus; Zea mays; Lygaeidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsatellite analysis of seed dispersal and parentage of saplings in bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa AN - 15839679; 4012319 AB - Microsatellite analysis was used to examine parentage and spatial distributions of 62 adult bur oaks Quercus macrocarpa, and 100 saplings in a single stand. Using genotypes scored by PCR products at four microsatellite loci, we determined that 94 saplings matched at least one parent in the stand. Saplings often occur as dense clusters of half-sibs around the presumed maternal parent, and only four adults were seed parents to a large proportion of the saplings sampled. A stump apparently was the seed parent of the largest cluster of half-sibs, which occupied a sizeable light gap opened up by the death of their maternal tree. Approximately half of the saplings appeared to have grown from seeds that had not been removed after falling from the tree, and half from seeds that were dispersed beyond the crown of their maternal parent. Long-distance seed dispersal may be more common than has been previously reported. Extremely high levels of long-distance pollination were indicated, and pollen donors within the stand were generally distributed randomly around maternal trees. More than half of the saplings had paternal parents outside of the stand. This study demonstrates the utility of microsatellite analysis for studying mating systems, seed dispersal and seedling establishment in natural plant populations. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Dow, B D AU - Ashley, M V AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv. Northern Great Plains Res. Lab. Hwy. 6 South, PO Box 459 Mandan, ND 58554, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 615 EP - 627 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - genotypes KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - mating KW - pollen KW - saplings KW - seeds KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois KW - genetic markers KW - Quercus macrocarpa KW - microsatellites KW - dispersal KW - paternity KW - ecological genetics KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15839679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+analysis+of+seed+dispersal+and+parentage+of+saplings+in+bur+oak%2C+Quercus+macrocarpa&rft.au=Dow%2C+B+D%3BAshley%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Dow&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus macrocarpa; USA, Illinois; microsatellites; genetic markers; seeds; paternity; dispersal; ecological genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host plant effects on activity of Bacillus thuringiensis against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae AN - 15828989; 4003616 AB - The activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner against larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was measured initially on field-collected foliage of 17 host trees and a laboratory host (leaf lettuce) dipped in suspensions of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. Large differences in larval mortality among hosts were found; the amount of B. thuringiensis required to obtain comparable levels of mortality varied >10-fold among some hosts. White oak, Quercus alba L., and sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua L., were selected for further study. Mortality of larvae on foliage treated with B. thuringiensis suspensions of 2 concentrations and held in small cages was higher on white oak than on sweetgum. The amount of B. thuringiensis deposited on white oak and sweetgum foliage, and the amount remaining after 3 d, was measured by extracting, culturing, and counting colonies produced by viable spores. There was a nonsignificant trend toward higher initial deposition of B. thuringiensis on oak than on sweetgum, but only at the high rate of B. thuringiensis. Otherwise, deposition of B. thuringiensis and survival of spores over 3 d did not differ between white oak and sweetgum, and was not closely related to differences in larval mortality. These results indicate that other factors, possibly secondary plant compounds or environmental factors, are involved. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Martin, PAW AU - Ridgway, R L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, Bldg. 402, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1215 EP - 1223 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - larvae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - host plants KW - Lymantriidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15828989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+plant+effects+on+activity+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+against+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+larvae&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BMartin%2C+PAW%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Lymantriidae; host plants; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low temperature effects on development, mortality, fecundity, and viability of the ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) AN - 15826581; 4004579 AB - The low temperature threshold for development of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) was 12 degree C for eggs, 11.5 degree C for larvae, and 9.5 degree C for pupae. The developmental time for male or female parasitoids increased by 4.6 to 5.3 times and the preovipositional period of females increased from 2.2 to 9.3 days when the temperature was reduced from 30 degree C to 15 degree C. The number of degree-days to complete development was 225.6 for females and 197.2 for males. The mean duration of emergence for C. grandis ranged from 2.6 days at 27 degree C - 30 degree C to 5.7 days at 20 degree C. Reduction of the temperature from 25 degree C to 15 degree C increased the death rate of C. grandis 2.3 times and reduced emergence of parasitoid females by 77.8%. The percentage of emergence of females from pupae with the black thorax-yellow abdomen held at temperatures lower than 15 degree C for 20 days or more and pupae with yellow color held at 5 degree C for 10 or more days decreased significantly compared with females from pupae held at 25 degree C. Storage of pupae at 20 degree C or lower resulted in adult females with reduced fecundity. However, the sex ratio of the progeny was not significantly affected. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - King, E G AD - USDA-ARS Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., Biol. Control Pests Res. Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 391 EP - 403 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Hymenoptera KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - fecundity KW - mortality KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - survival KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15826581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Low+temperature+effects+on+development%2C+mortality%2C+fecundity%2C+and+viability+of+the+ectoparasitoid+Catolaccus+grandis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+S+M%3BMorales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BKing%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catolaccus grandis; Pteromalidae; development; mortality; fecundity; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of methyl anthranilate for deterring birds eating blueberries AN - 15825646; 4007497 AB - In many parts of North America, bird depredation is a major problem for growers of blueberry and other small fruit. Methyl anthranilate (MA) is an effective avian feeding deterrent in some situations, and we conducted a 3-state field trial to evaluate the efficacy of a formulated product, ReJeX-iT AG-36. On 5 0.4-ha plots in Oregon, Washington, and Michigan, we applied 56.8 L of ReJeX-iT (17.2 kg MA /ha) at weekly intervals for 21 days. Numbers of blueberries lost from tagged branches in treated plots did not differ from those lost from paired control plots. Furthermore, yields from treated and control plots did not differ. Residues of MA on fruit immediately after spraying were unexpectedly low ( less than or equal to 115 ppm) and declined rapidly to <4 ppm 6 days postspray. At 3 of the 5 study sites, extensive leaf discoloration followed ReJeX-iT AG-36 applications. Innovative application technologies will need to be developed if formulated MA is to be effective as a bird deterrent in blueberries. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Avery, M L AU - Primus, T M AU - Defrancesco, J AU - Cummings, J L AU - Decker, D G AU - Humphrey, J S AU - Davis, JE AU - Deacon, R AD - USDA/APHIS/Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 2820 East Univ. Ave., Gainesville, FL 32641, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 929 EP - 934 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - methyl anthranilate KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - fruits KW - crop protection KW - repellents KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15825646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+methyl+anthranilate+for+deterring+birds+eating+blueberries&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BPrimus%2C+T+M%3BDefrancesco%2C+J%3BCummings%2C+J+L%3BDecker%2C+D+G%3BHumphrey%2C+J+S%3BDavis%2C+JE%3BDeacon%2C+R&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; repellents; fruits; crop protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of mule deer in relation to water sources in northern California AN - 15823944; 4006612 AB - Water development projects for deer are used in northcentral and northeastern California to improve animal distribution and resource use. To aid resource managers in the efficient placement of water developments, we examined the spatial distribution of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) relative to water sources. Female deer averaged 1.55 plus or minus 0.07 (SE) km and 1.19 plus or minus 0.07 (SE) km from water in the 2 regions of the study area. The distance deer were from water was influenced by individual variation among deer within regions (P < 0.001), the month in a given year (P = 0.045), and likely whether or not females had fawns (F = 0.079). The mean greatest distance from water was 2.46 km (n = 36, SE = 0.14) which agreed with the maximum 4.8 km spacing in the habitat capability model. Our results supported the habitat capability model's preferred spacing of <3.2 km. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Boroski, B B AU - Mossman, A S AD - Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2081 E. Sierra Ave., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 770 EP - 776 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - spatial distribution KW - water availability KW - Odocoileus hemionus KW - USA, California KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15823944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+mule+deer+in+relation+to+water+sources+in+northern+California&rft.au=Boroski%2C+B+B%3BMossman%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Boroski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus hemionus; USA, California; water availability; spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake of shallow groundwater by cotton: Growth stage, groundwater salinity effects in column lysimeters AN - 15822357; 4004258 AB - A 3-year column lysimeter experiment was conducted with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to determine the influence of shallow groundwater salinity on groundwater uptake. Nonsaline (0.3 dS m super(-1)) irrigation water was applied at 7-day intervals throughout the growing season, with the cotton allowed to use stored soil water and groundwater as root water uptake permitted. Groundwater salinities ranging from 0.3 dS m super(-1) electrical conductivity (EC sub(w)) to 30.8 dS m super(-1) were evaluated. Water for leaching was applied following harvest each year in amounts adequate to produce a nonsaline soil profile at the beginning of each year. Equations were developed to describe relationships between day of year, growth stage or growing degree days and shallow groundwater uptake. Groundwater contributed about 30 to 42% of seasonal total evapotranspiration (ET) in treatments with groundwater salinity less than or equal to 20 dS m super(-1) but declined to 12 to 19% of total ET at higher salinity levels. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Hutmacher, R B AU - Ayars, JE AU - Vail, S S AU - Bravo, AD AU - Dettinger, D AU - Schoneman, R A AD - USDA-ARS, Water Manage. Res. Lab., 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727-5951, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 205 EP - 223 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water use KW - groundwater KW - water table KW - cotton KW - salinity KW - evapotranspiration KW - lysimeters KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15822357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Uptake+of+shallow+groundwater+by+cotton%3A+Growth+stage%2C+groundwater+salinity+effects+in+column+lysimeters&rft.au=Hutmacher%2C+R+B%3BAyars%2C+JE%3BVail%2C+S+S%3BBravo%2C+AD%3BDettinger%2C+D%3BSchoneman%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hutmacher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater; cotton; salinity; lysimeters; water table; evapotranspiration; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance of Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Nicotiana species (Solanaceae) AN - 15822328; 4004572 AB - The presence of adult Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, a nearly obligatory parasitoid of tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was monitored in fields with up to 117 accessions of Nicotiana species (Solanaceae) during 19851994 at Oxford, NC, Tifton, GA, and Athens, GA. Large numbers of wasps were observed flying over or resting on several Nicotiana species, especially N. noctiflora Hooker and N. sanderae Hort. ex Watson (hybrid-between N. alata Link & Otto and N. forgetiana Hort. ex Hemsley). During the 10-yr sampling period, an average of 60 times as many C. nigriceps adults were counted in N. noctiflora plots and 19 times as many wasps were counted in N. sanderae plots than were found in commercial tobacco, N. tabacum L. ('NC 2326'), even though N. noctiflora and N. sanderae are poor host plants for tobacco budworm larvae. Male wasps predominated in plots of N. noctiflora; whereas, female wasps predominated in cultivated tobacco fields. There were no significant differences in the sex ratios of wasps collected from N. alata or N. sanderae. C. nigriceps adults were associated primarily with the flowers of N. sanderae, N. alata, and N. forgetiana, but they were found equally on the leaves and flowers of N. noctiflora, C. nigriceps adults appeared to be attracted to volatile components from N. noctiflora leaves and flowers. Several kilograms of field-grown N. noctiflora flowers and leaves were extracted with methylene chloride, and the volatile components were isolated. Gas chromatography showed only 4 volatile peaks of interest in N. noctiflora, and they were identified as nitrogen-sulfur heterocycles. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Jackson, D M AU - Nottingham, S F AU - Schlotzhauer, W S AU - Horvat, R J AU - Sisson, V A AU - Stephenson, M G AU - Foard, T AU - McPherson, R M AD - U.S. Vegetable Lab., USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Hwy., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1248 EP - 1255 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - host plants KW - parasitoids KW - Braconidae KW - Nicotiana KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Cardiochiles nigriceps KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15822328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Abundance+of+Cardiochiles+nigriceps+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+on+Nicotiana+species+%28Solanaceae%29&rft.au=Jackson%2C+D+M%3BNottingham%2C+S+F%3BSchlotzhauer%2C+W+S%3BHorvat%2C+R+J%3BSisson%2C+V+A%3BStephenson%2C+M+G%3BFoard%2C+T%3BMcPherson%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cardiochiles nigriceps; Nicotiana; Braconidae; Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; population density; host plants; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of lip genes during growth in soil and oxidation of anthracene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 15820439; 4005052 AB - mRNA extraction from soil and quantitation by competitive reverse transcription-PCR were combined to study the expression of the 10 known lignin peroxidase (lip) genes in anthracene-transforming soil cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Levels of extractable lipA transcript and protein (Lip H8) were well correlated, although they were separated by a 2-day lag period. The patterns of transcript abundance over time in soil-grown P. chrysosporium varied among the nine lip mRNAs detected; comparison with lip gene expression under different liquid culture conditions suggested an early phase of carbon limitation for the cultures as a whole, which was followed by a transition to nitrogen starvation. Anthracene transformation occurred throughout the 25-day course of the experiment and, therefore, likely involves mechanisms distinct from those involved in oxidation of non-LiP substrate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bogan, B W AU - Schoenike, B AU - Lamar, R T AU - Cullen, D AD - USDA For. Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 3697 EP - 3703 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lip gene KW - anthracene KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - soil microorganisms KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15820439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+lip+genes+during+growth+in+soil+and+oxidation+of+anthracene+by+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Bogan%2C+B+W%3BSchoenike%2C+B%3BLamar%2C+R+T%3BCullen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Bogan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; anthracene; biodegradation; soil microorganisms; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aulocara elliotti (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Diapause termination, postdiapause development, and prediction of hatch AN - 15820051; 4004549 AB - Diapause termination, postdiapause duration, and field hatch of the bigheaded grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti (Thomas), were studied in southwest Montana during a 3-yr period. In general, >70% of the sampled population had completed diapause by mid-November each year. Postdiapause embryonic developmental rates were obtained from a function fitted to hatch versus time data collected at constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 42 degree C. The population model design system was used to predict hatch at 2 sites in southwestern Montana for 3 yr. First-instar occurrence was monitored by sweep net samples and used to assess the accuracy of the predictions. When simulated hatch was compared with field occurrence of 1st instars, the 50% occurrence dates were very similar (within 2.2 plus or minus 1.1 d for all 5 comparisons). The results of our investigations should enhance the ability of decision support systems for grasshopper management to provide forecasts to land managers and pest advisors. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fisher, J R AU - Kemp, W P AU - Pierson, F B AD - Rangeland Insect Lab., USDA-ARS-NPA, Bozeman, MT 59717-0366, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1158 EP - 1166 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Orthoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acrididae KW - development KW - diapause termination KW - hatching KW - Aulocara elliotti KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15820051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Aulocara+elliotti+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29%3A+Diapause+termination%2C+postdiapause+development%2C+and+prediction+of+hatch&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J+R%3BKemp%2C+W+P%3BPierson%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aulocara elliotti; Acrididae; diapause termination; development; hatching ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expanding the scale of forest management: Allocating timber harvests in time and space AN - 15815729; 3996607 AB - This study examined the effect of clustering timber harvest zones and of changing the land use categories of zones (dynamic zoning) over varying temporal and spatial scales. Focusing on the Hoosier National Forest (HNF) in Indiana, USA as a study area, I used a timber harvest allocation model to simulate four management alternatives. In the static zoning alternative, harvests were dispersed throughout the timber harvest land base (65% of HNF) for 15 decades. The three dynamic zoning alternatives varied in the degree to which harvests were clustered in time and space. Two levels of harvest intensity were simulated, and at each level of harvest intensity, the area harvested was held constant among all four zoning alternatives. The dynamic zoning strategies resulted in substantial increases in the amount of forest interior and reductions in the amount of forest edge across the landscape, as well as an increase in the average age of stands when harvested. The greatest reduction in fragmentation was produced by the alternative that most tightly clustered harvests in time and space (i.e. intensive harvesting of small blocks in a relatively short time). When harvest intensity was high, this alternative produced amounts of forest interior and edge comparable to those of the dispersed alternative with half the rate of harvest. The results suggest that the injection of dynamics in specifying disturbance regimes, and the clustering of disturbance in time and space, can be used to sustain larger blocks of mature forest than can static zoning. Dynamic zoning encourages explicit specification of the disturbance regimes that will be imposed across the land base over long periods of time. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Gustafson, E J AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 27 EP - 39 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 87 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Indiana KW - forest management KW - disturbance KW - planning KW - habitat fragmentation KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15815729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Expanding+the+scale+of+forest+management%3A+Allocating+timber+harvests+in+time+and+space&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Indiana; forest management; planning; habitat fragmentation; disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and identification of (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile as a phytotoxin from meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seedmeal AN - 15815544; 4006573 AB - Ethyl ether. ethanol, and water extracts of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Hartweg ex. Benth.) seedmeal were prepared and bioassayed against velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. "Cardinal"). Both the ethyl ether and ethanol fractions, but not the water extract, inhibited velvetleaf and wheat radicle elongation. Fractionation of the extracts indicated that (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile (3-MPAN) was the active compound from both extracts, comprising >97% of the active ethanol fraction. 3-Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, which had been previously shown to be the major breakdown product of glucolimnanthin, the major L. alba glucosinolate, was not detected in either extract. Radicle elongation of velvetleaf and wheat were inhibited by 3-MPAN with I sub(50) (the concentration required to inhibit growth by 50%) values of approximately 4 x 10 super(-4) M (velvetleaf) and 7 x 10 super(-4) M (wheat). JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Boydston, R A AU - Mallory-Smith, CA AD - Bioactive Agents Res., USDA, ARS, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1939 EP - 1949 VL - 22 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 3-methoxyphenyl acetonitrile KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Limnanthes alba KW - allelochemicals KW - phytotoxins KW - chemical extracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15815544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+identification+of+%283-methoxyphenyl%29acetonitrile+as+a+phytotoxin+from+meadowfoam+%28Limnanthes+alba%29+seedmeal&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BBoydston%2C+R+A%3BMallory-Smith%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1939&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Limnanthes alba; phytotoxins; chemical extracts; allelochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation rates on artificial nests in an industrial forest landscape AN - 15815474; 3996596 AB - We examined patterns of predation among ground and shrub nests in extensive forests, forest fragments, regenerating clearcuts, and young plantations in a landscape dominated by industrial forest management in north-central Maine, USA. The predation rate in extensive forests (65%) was greater (P=0.0001) than that in forest fragments (47%). This result contrasts with previous studies from agricultural and developed landscapes and may be due to surrounding land use types and their associated predator communities. In forest fragments, shrub nests within 75 m of the edge were more likely to be depredated than those farther than 75 m (P=0.043). Predation in clearcuts (23%) was less than that in forest fragments (P=0.0001) or plantations (41%) (P=0.0015) and decreased with increasing distance from the edge (P=0.001) and increasing vegetation cover at the nest site (P=0.006). In contrast, predation rates in plantations increased with increasing vegetation density (P=0.0174) and distance to edge (P=0.0235). Results from our study suggest that findings documented in other, more developed, landscapes cannot readily be applied to extensive managed forests, and that conversion of naturally regenerating stands to plantations may lower the nesting success of birds that breed in early successional forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Vander Haegen, WM AU - DeGraaf, R M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 171 EP - 179 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 86 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - nest predation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - edge effect KW - USA, Maine KW - Passeres KW - breeding success KW - habitat fragmentation KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15815474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Predation+rates+on+artificial+nests+in+an+industrial+forest+landscape&rft.au=Vander+Haegen%2C+WM%3BDeGraaf%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Vander+Haegen&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Passeres; USA, Maine; edge effect; habitat fragmentation; breeding success ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Severity of foliar symptoms and root and crown rot of soybean inoculated with various isolates and inoculum rates of Fusarium solani AN - 15814016; 4000605 AB - Soybean plants (cvs. Spencer and Ripley) were grown in Cone-Tainers infested with different rates of sudden death syndrome (SDS) isolates of Fusarium solani. Soil inoculum rate significantly affected severity of root rot and percent leaflets of inoculated plants with SDS symptoms with isolate Mont-1. Leaf symptoms of SDS on Ripley were significantly less than on Spencer. When SDS isolate Cora-7 was used, only the soil inoculum rate was significant for percent leaflets with SDS symptoms and root rot severity. Nine SDS fungal isolates differed in the amount of root rot and severity of leaf symptoms that they produced on inoculated Spencer and Ripley plants. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gray, LE AU - Achenbach, LA AD - USDA/ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1197 EP - 1199 VL - 80 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - crown rot KW - Glycine max KW - root rot KW - Fusarium solani KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15814016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Severity+of+foliar+symptoms+and+root+and+crown+rot+of+soybean+inoculated+with+various+isolates+and+inoculum+rates+of+Fusarium+solani&rft.au=Gray%2C+LE%3BAchenbach%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani; Glycine max; root rot; crown rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pepper (Capsicum annuum) soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora Subsp. atroseptica AN - 15812221; 4000602 AB - Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica caused soft rot of pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit in field plots at Beltsville, MD, in 1994. The pathogen was identified as E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica based on carbohydrate utilization and fatty acid profiles. This is the first report of a bacterial fruit rot of pepper caused by E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica. Inoculation techniques were evaluated for reliable induction of pepper soft rot. Inoculation of puncture wounds provided more consistent lesion development than inoculation of Carborundum-induced abrasion wounds or nonwounded tissue. Significant differences in susceptibility of puncture-inoculated pepper genotypes to E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica-induced soft rots were noted. Virulence of E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, and E. chrysanthemi were compared at warm (23 degree C) and cool (10 degree C) temperatures. E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi caused the greatest soft rot decay of pepper fruit at 23 degree C. At 10 degree C, fruits inoculated with E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica were the most severely affected, suggesting that E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica has the potential to cause significant postharvest decay losses during cool storage conditions. JF - Plant Disease AU - Stommel, J R AU - Goth, R W AU - Haynes, K G AD - USDA-ARS, Vegetable Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1109 EP - 1112 VL - 80 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Capsicum annuum KW - soft rot KW - Erwinia carotovora atroseptica KW - USA, Maryland KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15812221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Pepper+%28Capsicum+annuum%29+soft+rot+caused+by+Erwinia+carotovora+Subsp.+atroseptica&rft.au=Stommel%2C+J+R%3BGoth%2C+R+W%3BHaynes%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Stommel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Capsicum annuum; Erwinia carotovora atroseptica; USA, Maryland; soft rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loblolly pine hydrology and productivity across the southern United States AN - 15811556; 3996602 AB - Concern over future changes in water yield and timber production in southern pine forests has increased the need for a well tested and validated forest ecosystem model which can be used to predict potential climate change effects on forest processes. However, before a model is used to project potential climate change impacts on forests, it should first be validated across a wide range of climates and site conditions. We used PnET-IIS, a physiologically-based, monthly time-step model that uses soil, vegetation, and climate parameter inputs to predict evapotranspiration, drainage, soil water stress and net primary productivity for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands across the southern United States. Sensitivity analyses and model validation of predicted net primary productivity (NPP) were conducted. Predicted hydrology and productivity were most sensitive to temperature driven parameters (e.g. optimal temperature for photosynthesis, and changes in air temperature). Values of PnET-IIS predicted NPP were compared with measured annual site basal area growth from 12 stands located from eastern Texas to eastern Virginia, from the year of site canopy closure to 1990. Annual basal area growth ranged from 4.2 to 26.8 cm2 per tree/year. Annual basal area growth was significantly correlated with predicted NPP (r2=0.30, P<0.005, n=164), and the correlation improved when annual basal area growth was averaged by site (r super(2)=0.66, P<0.005, n=12). Total annual precipitation was the single climate variable which best correlated with annual basal area growth (r super(2)=0.14, P<0.005, n=164). These result indicate that PnET-IIS could be useful in predicting the effect of changing patterns of precipitation and air temperature on southern pine hydrology and productivity. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - McNulty, S G AU - Vose, J M AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Service, Environmental Impacts Program, 1509 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27705, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 251 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 86 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - pine trees KW - Pinus taeda KW - primary production KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - climatic changes KW - USA KW - growth KW - productivity KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15811556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Loblolly+pine+hydrology+and+productivity+across+the+southern+United+States&rft.au=McNulty%2C+S+G%3BVose%2C+J+M%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=McNulty&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; pine trees; forests; climatic changes; hydrology; productivity; growth; USA; primary production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Old and potential old forest in the Lake states, USA AN - 15809986; 3996587 AB - Data from the last two inventories of timberland in the Lake States, USA were used to determine the area, ownership, distance from roads, and changes in average stand age of existing and potential old forests in the region. Inventory dates, by state, were 1980 and 1993 for Michigan, 1977 and 1990 for Minnesota, and 1968 and 1983 for Wisconsin. In this paper, timberland is considered forest land that is capable of growing at least 1.4 cu m per ha per year of wood under natural conditions and that is not reserved from harvesting. (Old forests are more than 120 years old, and potential old forests are between 80 and 120 years old.) During the most recent inventory, 2% of the total area of timberland was old forest and 14% was potential old forest. The maple-beech-yellow birch (Acer-Fagus-Betula alleghaniensis) forest type accounted for about 40% of both old forest and potential old forest. Private landowners owned more than 70% of all old forest timberland in the previous inventory and 64% in the most recent inventory. On average, old forests and potential old forests were found significantly farther from maintained roads than other timberland. As a result of increased stand age, more than 200 thousand ha of potential old forest in the previous inventory were reclassified as old forest in the most recent inventory. Natural disturbances resulted in a decrease of almost 14 thousand ha of old forest between inventory periods. Human-induced disturbances accounted for most of the area of old forest lost between inventories. Plant succession, natural stand aging, improved stocking levels, or reclassification to timberland resulted in more than 1.2 million ha being reclassified as potential old forest. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Schmidt, T L AU - Spencer, JS Jr AU - Hansen, M H AD - USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Avenue, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 81 EP - 96 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 86 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Michigan KW - forest management KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - old growth KW - USA, Minnesota KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15809986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Old+and+potential+old+forest+in+the+Lake+states%2C+USA&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+T+L%3BSpencer%2C+JS+Jr%3BHansen%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Michigan; USA, Minnesota; USA, Wisconsin; forest management; old growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quick decline symptoms confirm presence of citrus tristeza virus decline isolates in Puerto Rico AN - 15805350; 4000586 AB - Citrus in Puerto Rico is an important crop grown for local consumption. Because of the threat of aphid-borne citrus tristeza virus (CTV), most commercial citrus on the island in the past 10 years have been planted on CTV-tolerant rootstocks, especially Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). However, small plantings on CTV-sensitive sour orange, C. aurantium L., rootstock are also present. The efficient CTV vector, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), was first detected in Puerto Rico in April 1992 (1). During the following 3-year period, a total of 1,818 individual trees have been sampled throughout the island to determine changes in incidence of CTV. Each survey sample was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a differential panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The incidence of CTV increased from 5 to 58% during the 3-year survey. The number of samples that reacted with the severe-strain discriminating monoclonal antibody, MCA13, increased from 1.4 (3 of 221 trees) to 26% (62 of 240 trees) during this period. These data suggested the presence of severe CTV strains capable of causing decline on sour orange rootstock, but no outbreaks had yet occurred. In May 1996 (4 years after the aphid's establishment), the first outbreak of CTV-induced decline was detected in a 36.4-ha citrus planting near Lares, Puerto Rico. Nearly all trees in previously productive blocks of 4- and 5-year-old Valencia orange on sour orange rootstock totaling 8.5 ha (approximately 3,400 trees) were affected with quick decline. Positive diagnosis was made on the basis of (i) pathology at the bud union of declining trees including inverse pinhole pitting (honeycombing) on the inner face of the sour orange bark and a yellow-brown discoloration at the bud union; (ii) off-season blossoms; and (iii) foliar symptoms indicative of a complete girdle above the bud union. Adjacent plantings of the same age or older on mandarin or other CTV-tolerant rootstocks did not show CTV-decline symptoms and remained productive. The presence of CTV antigen from all trees sampled in the declining block and adjacent trees was confirmed by ELISA. Samples from 4 of 5 declining trees and 4 of 5 surrounding trees on tolerant rootstock reacted with MCA13, suggesting the presence of a severe CTV strain. CTV isolates that reacted with MCA13 had previously been detected in a nearby citrus nursery in 1993. JF - Plant Disease AU - Yokomi, R K AU - Garnsey, S M AU - Stansly, P A AD - USDA, ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1207 VL - 80 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrus KW - citrus tristeza virus KW - plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22185:Field infections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15805350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Quick+decline+symptoms+confirm+presence+of+citrus+tristeza+virus+decline+isolates+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Yokomi%2C+R+K%3BGarnsey%2C+S+M%3BStansly%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Yokomi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - citrus tristeza virus; Citrus; plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation prioritization using GAP data AN - 15801438; 3995570 AB - Data collected by the Gap Analysis Program in the state of Idaho (U.S.A.) are used to prioritize the selection of locations for conservation action and research. Set coverage and integer programming algorithms provide a sequence of localities that maximize the number of species or vegetation classes represented at each step. Richness maps of vegetation cover class diversity, terrestrial vertebrate species diversity ("hot spot analysis"), endangered, threatened, and candidate species diversity, and unprotected vertebrate species diversity ("gap analysis"), when prioritized, show a rapid accumulation of species as more localities are chosen for terrestrial vertebrates and unprotected vertebrates. Gap analysis identifies four target areas ("gaps") that include 79 of the 83 vertebrate species not currently protected. Accumulation of vegetation cover classes and endangered, threatened, and candidate species is much slower. Sweep analysis is used to determine how well prioritizing on one component of diversity accumulates other components. Endangered, threatened, and candidate species do not sweep total vertebrates as well as unprotected vertebrates do, but are better than vegetation classes. Total vertebrates sweep endangered, threatened, and candidate species better than unprotected vertebrates do, which in turn are better than vegetation classes. We emphasize that prioritization must be part of conservation efforts at multiple scales and that prioritization points out important localities where more detailed work must be undertaken. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Kiester, A R AU - Scott, J M AU - Csuti, B AU - Noss, R F AU - Butterfield, B AU - Sahr, K AU - White, D AD - USDA Forest Serv., PNW Research Stn., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1332 EP - 1342 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Idaho KW - endangered species KW - conservation KW - Vertebrata KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15801438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Conservation+prioritization+using+GAP+data&rft.au=Kiester%2C+A+R%3BScott%2C+J+M%3BCsuti%2C+B%3BNoss%2C+R+F%3BButterfield%2C+B%3BSahr%2C+K%3BWhite%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kiester&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vertebrata; USA, Idaho; conservation; endangered species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Arcobacter isolates by PCR AN - 15798421; 3993517 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the identification of the three species of Arcobacter which have been recovered from clinically ill or healthy humans and/or livestock, namely Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii and Arcobacter cryaerophilus. The assay utilizes primers targeted to the genes encoding 16S rRNA of Arcobacter spp. The assay reduces the amount of time required to positively identify strains of Arcobacter. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Harmon, K M AU - Wesley, I V AD - USDA, ARS, Natl. Anim. Disease Cent., PO Box 70 Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 241 EP - 244 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - ribotyping KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - DNA KW - taxonomy KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - Arcobacter KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15798421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Arcobacter+isolates+by+PCR&rft.au=Harmon%2C+K+M%3BWesley%2C+I+V&rft.aulast=Harmon&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arcobacter; DNA; polymerase chain reaction; taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of peanut stunt virus, Meloidogyne incognita, and drought on growth and persistence of white clover AN - 15793653; 3989581 AB - Productivity and persistence of white clover (Trifolium repens) in the southeastern United States are limited by a complex of pathogens and environmental stresses including peanut stunt virus (PSV), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), drought. Determining the separate and combined effects of these factors has been hampered by the rapid natural spread of PSV to noninoculated plants. Half-sib white clover plants with and without hypersensitive resistance to PSV were used to overcome this problem. Effects of PSV, M. incognita, and drought on clover growth and persistence in the field were measured using a factorial arrangement of treatments in a split-plot design in which half of the plots were irrigated to eliminate drought stress. Data were collected in 2 consecutive years on dry weight herbage yield, stolon density, leaf area, petiole length, seed production, nematode population density, rainfall, and soil moisture. Virus infection reduced cumulative herbage yield 14% in the first year and 24% in the second year. In the first year, irrigation increased cumulative herbage yield 5 and 13% in the presence and absence of M. incognita, respectively, compared with nonirrigated control plots without M. incognita. Cumulative herbage yield in drought-stressed plots was reduced 9% in the presence of M. incognita compared with nonirrigated control plots without M. incognita. In the second year, cumulative herbage yield in the absence of M. incognita was 54% higher in irrigated plots than in nonirrigated plots, while yield in nonirrigated plots was 17% lower in the presence of M. incognita. Clover persistence, as measured by stolon density, was reduced by PSV, M. incognita, and drought, but no interactions occurred. Reductions in persistence were most severe in M. incognita treatments, resulting in nearly complete loss of stands by the end of the second year. Virus infection reduced leaf area and petiole length in all treatments, but reductions were proportionately greater in irrigated plots. Nematode infestation generally reduced leaf area and petiole length, but the effect was less than that of PSV. Mean seed yields from 100 seed heads per plot were lower in nematode-infested plots, but slightly higher in nonirrigated plots and PSV-treated plots. Drought stress, M. incognita, and PSV acted independently in reducing forage productivity and persistence. JF - Phytopathology AU - McLaughlin, M R AU - Windham, G L AD - Research plant pathologists, USDA-ARS, Crop Science Research Laboratory, Forage Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 1105 EP - 1111 VL - 86 IS - 10 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - growth KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - yield KW - droughts KW - peanut stunt virus KW - Trifolium repens KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - seasons KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15793653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+peanut+stunt+virus%2C+Meloidogyne+incognita%2C+and+drought+on+growth+and+persistence+of+white+clover&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+M+R%3BWindham%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - peanut stunt virus; Meloidogyne incognita; Trifolium repens; droughts; yield; seasons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel relationship between O-antigen variation, matrix formation, and invasiveness of Salmonella enteritidis AN - 15789316; 3989422 AB - Salmonella enterica Enteritidis in chickens serves as a reservoir for salmonellosis in humans and the structure of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used to assess invasiveness. Culture from chick spleens generated colonies with an unusual wrinkled morphology, and it is designated the lacy phenotype. To characterize the nature of the morphological change, three isogenic variants were compared. Only the lacy phenotype produced a temperature-dependent cell surface matrix composed of several proteins in association with LPS high molecular weight O-antigen. Flagellin and a 35 kDa protein were identified as specific proteinaceous components of matrix. Both proteins cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody previously determined to specifically detect the g-epitope of the Enteritidis monophasic flagella (H-antigen). These results suggest that O-antigen in association with protein contributes to cross-reactivity between molecules. The lacy phenotype was more organ invasive in 5-day-old chicks than isogenic variants producing low molecular weight O-antigen. However, it was no more efficient at contaminating eggs after oral inoculation of hens than a variant that completely lacked O-antigen, thus the lacy phenotype is classified as an intermediately invasive organism. The distinctive colonial phenotype of SE6-E21 super(lacy) was used to investigate environmental factors that decreased O/C ratios and contributed to attenuation. In so doing, it was found that growth in complement at 46 degree C caused matrix producing cells to hyperflagellate and migrate across agar surfaces. These results suggest that the structure of O-antigen might influence the secretion and/or the function of Enteritidis cell-surface proteins. The data also reveal a greater heterogeneity than has been assumed in the phenotype, and possibly the infectious behaviour, of Enteritidis. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Keller, L H AU - Rahman, M M AU - Carlson, R W AU - Silvers, S AD - USDA/ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 219 EP - 231 VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - O antigen KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - salmonellosis KW - virulence KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15789316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=A+novel+relationship+between+O-antigen+variation%2C+matrix+formation%2C+and+invasiveness+of+Salmonella+enteritidis&rft.au=Guard-Petter%2C+J%3BKeller%2C+L+H%3BRahman%2C+M+M%3BCarlson%2C+R+W%3BSilvers%2C+S&rft.aulast=Guard-Petter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; virulence; salmonellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of the sheath in resistance of Haemonchus contortus infective-stage larvae to proteolytic digestion. AN - 78484717; 8893481 AB - Surface iodinated larvae of Haemonchus contortus were incubated in the presence of the fungal protease, proteinase K, and proteolysis quantified by scintillation counting of released radioactivity. No radioactivity was released from live ensheathed infective-stage larvae (L3(2M)). In contrast, 58% of the radioactivity was released from ecdysed, second molt (2M) cuticles (sheaths) of L3(2M) and 48% from live exsheathed third-stage larvae (L3). When L3(2M) larvae were killed by heat (80 degrees C for 10 min) prior to proteinase K incubation, 61% of the radioactivity was released, whereas less than 7% was released from larvae killed by the metabolic inhibitors NaN3 or KCN. Proteinase K released 44% of the radioactivity from live L3(2M) larvae which had been preincubated with 1% sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), whereas no radioactivity was released from L3(2M) larvae preincubated with either 1% Triton X-100, 0.2% CTAB, 50% methanol, 50% ethanol, or water. Following incubation with proteinase K, only L3(2M) larvae which had been heat-killed or preincubated with SDS showed visible damage to the sheath. Material released from L3(2M) larvae by exposure to either heat or SDS contained a 98,000 M(r) protein by SDS-PAGE autoradiography. These results indicate that viable L3(2M) larvae are resistant to attack by proteinase K and that this resistance is dependent on structural properties of the sheath. JF - Veterinary parasitology AU - Fetterer, R H AU - Rhoads, M L AD - Parasite Biology and Epidemiology Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1996/09/16/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Sep 16 SP - 267 EP - 276 VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0304-4017, 0304-4017 KW - Cetrimonium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Detergents KW - Iodine Radioisotopes KW - Nitrogen Compounds KW - Solvents KW - Surface-Active Agents KW - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate KW - 368GB5141J KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Octoxynol KW - 9002-93-1 KW - Endopeptidase K KW - EC 3.4.21.64 KW - Potassium Cyanide KW - MQD255M2ZO KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - cetrimonium KW - Z7FF1XKL7A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate -- pharmacology KW - Octoxynol -- pharmacology KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology KW - Larva -- metabolism KW - Scintillation Counting -- veterinary KW - Detergents -- pharmacology KW - Surface-Active Agents -- pharmacology KW - Potassium Cyanide -- pharmacology KW - Hot Temperature KW - Methanol -- pharmacology KW - Larva -- anatomy & histology KW - Solvents -- pharmacology KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Cetrimonium Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Nitrogen Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Haemonchus -- drug effects KW - Haemonchus -- metabolism KW - Haemonchus -- anatomy & histology KW - Endopeptidase K -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78484717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+sheath+in+resistance+of+Haemonchus+contortus+infective-stage+larvae+to+proteolytic+digestion.&rft.au=Fetterer%2C+R+H%3BRhoads%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Fetterer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-09-16&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.issn=03044017&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Milk production in Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows grazing common bermuda grass or endophyte-infected tall fescue. AN - 78475598; 8880406 AB - Milk yield and quality were measured on 139 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows grazing common bermuda grass or endophyte-infected tall fescue for 4 yr to evaluate interactions of direct and maternal breed effects and heterosis for these traits with forage environment. Milk yield was estimated by method of milking machine, and milk fat, protein, and somatic cell counts were evaluated in a commercial dairy laboratory. Monthly estimates were made beginning on an average d 61 of lactation and continued monthly for six estimates in 3 yr and five estimates in 1 yr. Data were averaged over month within year, and the model included sire breed, sire in sire breed, dam breed, forage, and age averages. Somatic cell counts were transformed using natural logarithms prior to analyses. Forage effects for milk yield were dissimilar among sire breed x dam breed subclasses (P < .10), resulting in higher levels of heterosis on common bermuda grass than on tall fescue. Maternal breed effects for milk yield favored Angus on bermuda grass (P < .05) but not on tall fescue, whereas direct breed effects were similar on both forages and favored Brahman. Milk fat was reduced on tall fescue compared to bermuda grass by an average of .6% (P < .01), and direct breed effects were similar across forages and averaged 1.04% (P < .01) in favor of Brahman. Heterosis and maternal breed effects for milk fat were not important. There was little evidence of direct and maternal breed effects or heterosis for milk protein or somatic cell counts. These data suggest that heterosis for milk yield is larger on common bermuda grass than on tall fescue and that grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue is detrimental to milk fat. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Brown, A H AU - Jackson, W G AU - Miesner, J R AD - South Central Family Farm Research Center, ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 2058 EP - 2066 VL - 74 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Milk Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Hybrid Vigor -- physiology KW - Time Factors KW - Hybrid Vigor -- genetics KW - Female KW - Milk Proteins -- analysis KW - Lactation -- physiology KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Milk -- metabolism KW - Poaceae KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Cattle -- genetics KW - Ergotism -- physiopathology KW - Ergotism -- metabolism KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78475598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Milk+production+in+Angus%2C+Brahman%2C+and+reciprocal-cross+cows+grazing+common+bermuda+grass+or+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BBrown%2C+A+H%3BJackson%2C+W+G%3BMiesner%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2058&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of Shigella flexneri in foods: comparison of observed and predicted growth kinetics parameters. AN - 78462592; 8880330 AB - Shigella causes foodborne gastrointestinal illness; however, little information is available on its ability to grow in foods. Commercially available sterile foods (UHT milk, beef broth, chicken broth, vegetable broth, meats, vegetables) were inoculated with S. flexneri 5348 and incubated at 12, 15, 19, 28 or 37 degrees C. Growth curves were fitted from plate count data by the Gompertz equation and exponential growth rates, generation times, lag times and maximum population densities were derived. The observed kinetics values, expressed as T1000 (time, h, required for a 3 log increase in bacterial population), were compared with values calculated using published growth models. Observed and calculated values compared favorably for growth at 19-37 degrees C. S. flexneri grew well in milk at 15-37 degrees C but growth at 12 degrees C was variable. The bacteria readily grew in most foods, even at 12 degrees C; but died off in carrots at 19 and 28 degrees C. Factors other than those used in the growth model may influence bacterial growth in specific foods. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Zaika, L L AU - Scullen, O J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 91 EP - 102 VL - 32 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Kinetics KW - Temperature KW - Time Factors KW - Shigella flexneri -- growth & development KW - Food Microbiology KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78462592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Growth+of+Shigella+flexneri+in+foods%3A+comparison+of+observed+and+predicted+growth+kinetics+parameters.&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L%3BScullen%2C+O+J&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deliberations and evaluations of the approaches, endpoints and paradigms for dietary recommendations of the other trace elements. AN - 78344800; 8811811 AB - Circumstantial evidence suggests that aluminum, arsenic, bromine, cadmium, germanium, lead, lithium, nickel, rubidium, silicon, tin and vanadium are essential. The evidence is most compelling for arsenic, nickel, silicon and vanadium. The estimated daily dietary intakes for these elements are arsenic, 12-50 micrograms; nickel, 100 micrograms; silicon, 20-50 mg and vanadium, 10-20 micrograms. By extrapolation from animal studies, the daily dietary intakes of these elements needed to prevent deficiency or to provide beneficial action in humans are arsenic, 12-25 micrograms; nickel, 100 micrograms; silicon, 2-5 mg (based on 10% bioavailability in natural diets) and vanadium, 10 micrograms. Thus, the postulated need by humans for these elements can be met by typical diets. Because there may be situations, however, where dietary intake does not meet the postulated requirements, research is needed to derive status indicators in humans and to further study the relationships of low intake or impaired bioavailability of these ultratrace elements to various diseases. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Uthus, E O AU - Seaborn, C D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 2452S EP - 2459S VL - 126 IS - 9 Suppl SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Trace Elements KW - Vanadium KW - 00J9J9XKDE KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Vanadium -- deficiency KW - Humans KW - Deficiency Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Deficiency Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Vanadium -- toxicity KW - Silicon -- toxicity KW - Silicon -- deficiency KW - Nickel -- toxicity KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Nickel -- deficiency KW - Arsenic -- deficiency KW - Nutritional Requirements UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78344800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Deliberations+and+evaluations+of+the+approaches%2C+endpoints+and+paradigms+for+dietary+recommendations+of+the+other+trace+elements.&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O%3BSeaborn%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=9+Suppl&rft.spage=2452S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial analysis of various soil properties in a semiarid rangeland AN - 51015227; 1999-068393 JF - Geocarto International AU - Hanson, J D AU - Palic, Daniel B AU - Dunn, Gale H AU - Kelly, E F Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 93 EP - 98 PB - Geocarto International Centre, Hong Kong VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1010-6049, 1010-6049 KW - United States KW - soils KW - processes KW - spatial distribution KW - Pawnee National Grasslands KW - terrestrial environment KW - statistical analysis KW - semi-arid environment KW - Weld County Colorado KW - properties KW - Colorado KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51015227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geocarto+International&rft.atitle=Spatial+analysis+of+various+soil+properties+in+a+semiarid+rangeland&rft.au=Hanson%2C+J+D%3BPalic%2C+Daniel+B%3BDunn%2C+Gale+H%3BKelly%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geocarto+International&rft.issn=10106049&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t759156373~db=all LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colorado; Pawnee National Grasslands; processes; properties; semi-arid environment; soils; spatial distribution; statistical analysis; terrestrial environment; United States; Weld County Colorado ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and partial characterization of an elastinolytic proteinase from Aspergillus flavus culture filtrates AN - 16271141; 4288815 AB - A 23-kDa protein with elastinolytic activity was purified from Aspergillus flavus (NRRL 18543) culture filtrates by gel-filtration chromatography. Severe inhibition of the elastinolytic activity by 1,10-phenanthrolene (5 mM) and EDTA (0.8 mM) indicated that the protein belongs to the metallo class of proteases. The isoelectric point was 9.0. Natural substrates susceptible to cleavage by this protease, in addition to elastin, included cottonseed storage protein, collagen, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin. The 23-kDa protein was thermostable to 70 degree C and retained its elastinolytic activity in concentrated form at 4 degree C for 6 months. Elastinolytic activity was initially secreted into the culture medium as a 35-kDa protein, which was subsequently converted to a 23-kDa protein, presumably through autolysis. This putative proteolytic degradation product appears to be identical to the 23-kDa protein recovered from the gel-filtration column. The 23-kDa protease may confer selective advantage to the fungus in the extracellular environment because of its temperature and pH stability and wide range of potential natural protein substrates. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Mellon, JE AU - Cotty, P J AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 138 EP - 142 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - elastin KW - gel-filtration chromatography KW - proteinase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16271141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+partial+characterization+of+an+elastinolytic+proteinase+from+Aspergillus+flavus+culture+filtrates&rft.au=Mellon%2C+JE%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Mellon&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using remote sensing and spatial information technologies to map sabal palm in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas AN - 16010565; 4080844 AB - This paper describes an application of airborne video data with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for distinguishing and mapping the distribution of sabal palm (Sabal mexicana) in the lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of southern Texas. Field reflectance measurements suggested that sabal palm may be remotely distinguished from associated vegetation during the late summer and fall as a result of the presence of senesced (brown) leaves and mature fruit clusters within the canopy. Sabal palm could be distinguished on aerial color-infrared (CIR) video imagery during this phenological stage because it had a brownish-red image response. Integration of GPS with video imagery permitted latitude/longitude coordinates of sabal palm populations to be recorded on each image. Global positioning system coordinates were entered into a GIS to produce maps depicting the distribution of sabal palm in the LRGV. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Everitt, J H AU - Judd, F W AU - Escobar, DE AU - Alaniz, MA AU - Davis, M R AU - MacWhorter, W AD - USDA-ARS, Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., Remote Sensing Res. Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 218 EP - 226 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Sabal mexicana KW - ecological distribution KW - mapping KW - USA, Texas KW - remote sensing KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Using+remote+sensing+and+spatial+information+technologies+to+map+sabal+palm+in+the+lower+Rio+Grande+Valley+of+Texas&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BJudd%2C+F+W%3BEscobar%2C+DE%3BAlaniz%2C+MA%3BDavis%2C+M+R%3BMacWhorter%2C+W&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sabal mexicana; USA, Texas; ecological distribution; mapping; remote sensing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population development of Heterodera glycines and soybean yield in soybean-maize rotations following introduction into a noninfested field AN - 15997175; 4076679 AB - An 11-year field study was initiated in 1979 to monitor population development of Heterodera glycines. Fifty cysts of a race 5 population were introduced into plots in a field with no history of soybean production and that had been in sod for 20 years. Soybean cultivars either susceptible or resistant to H. glycines were grown either in monoculture or rotated with maize in a 2-year rotation. During the first 5 years, resistant cultivars with the Peking source of resistance were planted. After year 5, monoculture of Peking resistance resulted in 18 cysts/250 cm super(3) of soil, whereas populations resulting from the continuous cropping of susceptible soybean resulted in 45 cysts/250 cm super(3). Some plots in all treatments, including control plots, were contaminated at the end of year 5. Crop rotation delayed population development of H. glycines. During years 6 through 11 cv. Fayette (PI88.788 source of resistance) was planted. In year 6 numbers of cysts declined to 1/250 cm super(3) of soil in the treatment consisting of monocultured Fayette. At the end of year 10, cysts were below the detection level in all treatments in which Fayette was planted. Yield of susceptible soybean in monoculture with or without H. glycines infestation was lower beginning in year 6 when compared to yield of soybean grown in rotation and remained lower throughout the duration of the experiment except for 1987 (year 9). Yields of susceptible and resistant soybean were different each year except for drought years in 1980 and 1988. From 1979 to 1982 differences in yield were due to lower yield potential of resistant cultivars. Except for the drought year, yield of cv. Fayette was greater than susceptible Williams 82 during years 6 through 11. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Noel, G R AU - Edwards, DI AD - USDA ARS, Crop Prot. Res. Unit, Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 335 EP - 342 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population establishment KW - Heterodera glycines KW - crop production KW - Glycine max KW - D 04656:Nematodes KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15997175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Population+development+of+Heterodera+glycines+and+soybean+yield+in+soybean-maize+rotations+following+introduction+into+a+noninfested+field&rft.au=Noel%2C+G+R%3BEdwards%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Noel&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; population establishment; crop production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host suitability of twelve Leguminosae species to populations of Meloidogyne hapla and M. chitwoodi AN - 15996012; 4076678 AB - Legumes of the genera Astragalus (milkvetch), Coronilla (crownvetch), Lathyrus (pea vine), Lotus (birdsfoot trefoil), Medicago (alfalfa), Melilotus (clover), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (common vetch) were inoculated with a population of Meloidogyne chitwoodi from Utah or with one of three M. hapla populations from California, Utah, and Wyoming. Thirty-nine percent to 86% of alfalfa (M. scutellata) and 10% to 55% of red clover (T. pratense) plants survived inoculation with the nematode populations at a greenhouse temperature of 24 plus or minus 3 degree C. All plants of the other legume species survived all nematode populations, except 4% of the white clover (T. repens) plants inoculated with the California M. hapla population. Entries were usually more susceptible to the M. hapla populations than to M. chitwoodi. Galling of host roots differed between nematode populations and species. Root-galling indices (1 = none, 6 = severely galled) ranged from 1 on pea vine inoculated with the California population of M. hapla to 6 on yellow sweet clover inoculated with the Wyoming population of M. hapla. The nematode reproductive factor (Rf = final nematode population/initial nematode population) ranged from 0 for all nematode populations on pea vine to 35 for the Wyoming population of M. hapla on alfalfa (M. sativa). JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Griffin, G D AU - Rumbaugh, MD AD - USDA ARS, Forage and Range Res. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 400 EP - 405 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Leguminosae KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - galls KW - host-parasite interactions KW - Meloidogyne KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Host+suitability+of+twelve+Leguminosae+species+to+populations+of+Meloidogyne+hapla+and+M.+chitwoodi&rft.au=Griffin%2C+G+D%3BRumbaugh%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meloidogyne; host-parasite interactions; galls ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fertilizers on the survival of Beauveria bassiana AN - 15987050; 4073486 AB - The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) may persist in soil for long periods. Persistence of conidia, however, may be reduced by various abiotic factors, including nitrogenous compounds. Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen-containing fertilizers on the persistence of B. bassiana in soil. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Rosin, F AU - Shapiro, DI AU - Lewis, L C AD - Dep. Entomol. and USDA-ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, Genet. Lab., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 194 EP - 195 VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - nitrogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fertilizers KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - soil microorganisms KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15987050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fertilizers+on+the+survival+of+Beauveria+bassiana&rft.au=Rosin%2C+F%3BShapiro%2C+DI%3BLewis%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Rosin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; fertilizers; entomopathogenic fungi; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme-linked immunomagnetic electrochemical detection of Salmonella typhimurium AN - 15956460; 4059138 AB - There is a need for rapid methods to detect pathogenic bacteria in food products as alternatives to the current laborious and time-consuming culture procedures. We report a microbial detection technique that combines the selectivity of antibody-coated superparamagnetic beads with the rapidity and sensitivity of electrochemical detection in a format termed enzyme-linked immunomagnetic electrochemistry. In it, Salmonella typhimurium were sandwiched between antibody-coated magnetic beads and an enzyme-conjugated antibody. With the aid of a magnet, the beads (with or without bound bacteria) were localized onto the surface of disposable graphite ink electrodes in a multi-well plate format. Enzyme substrate was added and conversion of substrate to an electroactive product was measured using electrochemical detection. The electrochemical response was directly proportional to the number of captured bacteria. Using this technique, a minimum detectable level of 8 x 10 super(3) cells/ml of Salmonella typhimurium in buffer was achieved in ca. 80 min. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Gehring, A G AU - Crawford, C G AU - Mazenko, R S AU - Van Houten, LJ AU - Brewster, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 15 EP - 25 VL - 195 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - electrochemistry KW - immunomagnetism KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - food KW - antibodies KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - diagnostic agents KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15956460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Enzyme-linked+immunomagnetic+electrochemical+detection+of+Salmonella+typhimurium&rft.au=Gehring%2C+A+G%3BCrawford%2C+C+G%3BMazenko%2C+R+S%3BVan+Houten%2C+LJ%3BBrewster%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Gehring&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; antibodies; food; diagnostic agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age- and density-related oviposition behavior of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 15879273; 4026259 AB - Age-related oviposition patterns of Ostrinia nubilalis were studied at three population densities in the laboratory by releasing newly eclosed adults in wire-screened cages and analyzing their oviposition throughout the adult stage with digital analysis. Oviposition sequences of individual females depositing egg masses were documented on the third and seventh nights after eclosion with a video camcorder. During a sequence, a female produced an egg in an average time of 15 or 26 s on the third and seventh nights, respectively, and completed depositing an egg mass the size of 20-39 eggs in an average time of 316 and 525 s, respectively. Females were not easily disturbed during egg mass deposition and pulsated their abdomen before deposition of each egg. Females produced few egg masses the first night after eclosion. Oviposition increased on nights 2 and 3 but declined steadily thereafter as females matured. Females older than 6 nights produced fewer egg masses; the proportion of egg masses with fewer than 20 eggs increased gradually. By the end of the adults' lifetime, nearly 100% of the egg masses had fewer than 20 eggs. The data are fundamental to our research to define the role of phytochemicals in modifying oviposition behavior of the European corn borer. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Binder, B F AU - Robbins, J C AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, Genet. Lab., c/o Insectary, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 755 EP - 770 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - population density KW - reproductive behavior KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - age KW - oviposition KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15879273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Age-+and+density-related+oviposition+behavior+of+the+European+corn+borer%2C+Ostrinia+nubilalis+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Binder%2C+B+F%3BRobbins%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ostrinia nubilalis; Pyralidae; oviposition; reproductive behavior; population density; age ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in color, cooking times, and internal temperature of beef patties under controlled cooking conditions AN - 15867437; 4024226 AB - Four studies were performed to document the variability in cooking properties of beef patties when considerable control was exerted on several cooking procedures. Two replications of beef patties produced from the same facility, to the same fat content (10%), and with similar raw materials were panfried to internal temperatures of 68, 71 or 74 degree C. The second replication required longer cooking times to reach designated internal temperatures, appeared less well done and had higher Hunter a* color values than the first replication. Beef patties containing either 10 or 20% fat were used to compare two endpoints of cooking (constant internal temperature, constant cooking time) for two temperatures, 68 and 71 degree C. Considerable variability was found in degree of doneness for both endpoints of cooking and internal temperatures when constant cooking times were used. Eighteen different formulations of beef patties made with various ingredients were used for evaluating the variability of internal temperatures when cooked for constant times that would reach 71 degree C or slightly higher. Wide variability in internal temperatures was found for all 18 formulations. Some patties (9.0%) did not reach an internal temperature of 68 degree C and 1.3% did not reach an internal temperature of 60 degree C. In evaluating postcooking changes in internal temperature of beef patties cooked by convection oven or panfrying, a 40-s period is available to accurately assess endpoint temperature. The substantial variability in cooking properties observed in these studies clearly demonstrates that mechanisms for controlling cooking properties of patties must be determined. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Liu, M N AU - Berry, B W AD - Meat Sci. Res. Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 969 EP - 975 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - heat treatments KW - meat KW - Escherichia coli KW - cooking KW - food-borne diseases KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15867437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Variability+in+color%2C+cooking+times%2C+and+internal+temperature+of+beef+patties+under+controlled+cooking+conditions&rft.au=Liu%2C+M+N%3BBerry%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; food-borne diseases; cooking; meat; heat treatments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping of the H7-serospecific domain of Escherichia coli flagellin AN - 15806180; 3998043 AB - The amino acid sequences responsible for H7 and H23 flagellum serology have been identified by using a genetic approach. The H7-specific domain was located between amino acids 352 and 374 of the H7 flagellin. The sequencing data also demonstrated that the difference between the H7 and H23 flagellins in this region results from a single substitution at amino acid 366 (Ser arrow right Thr). The common epitopes for H7 and H23 were located between amino acids 284 and 366. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Kwang, J AU - Wilson, R AU - Yang, S AU - He, Yongsheng AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 523 EP - 526 VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - epitopes KW - flagellin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - amino acid sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15806180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Mapping+of+the+H7-serospecific+domain+of+Escherichia+coli+flagellin&rft.au=Kwang%2C+J%3BWilson%2C+R%3BYang%2C+S%3BHe%2C+Yongsheng&rft.aulast=Kwang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; amino acid sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iron methionine and iron sulfate as sources of dietary iron for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus AN - 15784611; 3990428 AB - The dietary iron requirement for normal growth and optimum hematological values and bioavailability was determined for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings using egg-white based diets supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 20, 60, and 180-mg iron/kg from iron methionine or 20, 60, and 180-mg iron/kg from iron sulfate. The basal diet which contained 9.2-mg iron/kg, 34% crude protein and 3.1 kcal of digestible energy/g was fed to channel catfish fingerlings (8.5 g) in triplicate flow-through aquariums to satiation twice daily for 8 wk. Fish fed the basal diet without iron supplementation exhibited poor growth throughout the 8-wk period. Fish fed iron-supplemented diets did not differ with regard to final weight gain. Survival, feed conversion, total blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation were not significantly affected by dietary iron level. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume were significantly lower in fish fed the basal diet. These values were also consistently lower for fish fed diets with 5 and 10-mg iron/kg from iron methionine. However, differences were not always significant. Results of this study indicate that supplementation of 5-mg iron from iron methionine was sufficient for growth. However, a supplemental iron level of 20-mg/kg diet or a total iron level of 30-mg/kg of diet appeared to be needed for optimum hematological values. Iron methionine and iron sulfate were equally effective in preventing anemia in channel catfish. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Lim, C AU - Sealey, WM AU - Klesius, PH AD - USDA-ARS, Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 290 EP - 296 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - nutritional requirements KW - haematology KW - fish culture KW - feed composition KW - Freshwater KW - iron compounds KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15784611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Iron+methionine+and+iron+sulfate+as+sources+of+dietary+iron+for+channel+catfish+Ictalurus+punctatus&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BSealey%2C+WM%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutritional requirements; haematology; fish culture; feed composition; iron compounds; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of egg size on predation by white-footed mice AN - 15783977; 3992761 AB - We compared predation by wild-trapped, caged white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) on eggs of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Zebra Finches (Poephila guttata) to test the effect of egg size. Nine male and nine female mice were weighed, acclimated to cages for 24 h, and presented with two wicker nests, one containing a Japanese Quail egg (33 x 23 mm) and the other a Zebra Finch egg (16 x 12 mm). Nests were checked at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h; after 24 h, no quail eggs were depredated, but 16 of 18 finch eggs were destroyed. Given their ability to consume small eggs and their ubiquity and abundance, white-footed mice are potentially significant nest predators. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - DeGraaf, R M AU - Maier, T J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 535 EP - 539 VL - 108 IS - 3 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Coturnix coturnix KW - Poephila guttata KW - biometrics KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - eggs KW - predatory behavior KW - Peromyscus leucopus KW - predation KW - Y 25497:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15783977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Effect+of+egg+size+on+predation+by+white-footed+mice&rft.au=DeGraaf%2C+R+M%3BMaier%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=DeGraaf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peromyscus leucopus; predation; eggs; predatory behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Woodpecker excavation and use of cavities in polystyrene snags AN - 15782250; 3992830 AB - We examined woodpecker excavation and use of artificial polystyrene snags in four forest types in eastern Texas for five years. Twenty-three of 47 artificial snags were used by Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) for cavity excavation and subsequent nocturnal roosting; they did not use the artificial snags for nesting. Although six other species of woodpeckers were present in the area, only Downy Woodpeckers excavated cavities in the artificial cavity substrate. Entrances to cavities in artificial snags became enlarged within several months of excavation. Other wildlife species using abandoned cavities in artificial snags were Carolina Chickadees (Parus carolinensis), Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea), southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans), and red wasps (Polistes sp.). In one instance, Carolina Chickadees excavated their own cavity and nested within a polystyrene snag. Until an artificial cavity substrate acceptable for both woodpecker excavation and nesting can be found, the utility of artificial snags as a means to augment woodpecker nesting substrate remains inadequate. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Saenz, D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Research Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 449 EP - 456 VL - 108 IS - 3 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - wildlife KW - cavity nesters KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - nest building KW - Picidae KW - human impact KW - nests KW - habitat utilization KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15782250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Woodpecker+excavation+and+use+of+cavities+in+polystyrene+snags&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BSaenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picidae; USA, Texas; nests; habitat utilization; human impact; cavity nesters; nest building ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of selenium from seleno-DL-methionine, sodium selenate, and Astragalus bisulcatus in pigs. AN - 78543229; 8921324 AB - Selenium is an essential micronutrient, although ingestion in excess in pigs can cause disease conditions including neurological dysfunction and chronic skin and hoof lesions. Controlled feeding trials in growing swine, using the same Se content in feed sources, resulted in higher concentrations (p < or = 0.05) of Se in blood and organs of pigs fed seleno-DL-methionine compared with those receiving Astragalus bisulcatus or sodium selenate. Clinical signs of Se toxicity including neurological signs of paralysis were more severe and occurred sooner in the A. bisulcatus group than in the sodium selenate or seleno-DL-methionine groups. All five pigs fed A. bisulcatus developed neurological signs of paralysis, and in four the signs occurred within 5 days of the start of treatment. Four of five pigs fed sodium selenate also developed paralysis, but this occurred 4 to 21 days after treatment began. The fifth pig in the group developed signs of chronic selenosis. Two of five pigs fed seleno-DL-methionine developed paralysis on 9 and 24 days, respectively, and the remaining three developed chronic selenosis. Selenium fed to pigs in three forms [plant (A. bisulcatus), sodium selenate, or seleno-DL-methionine] resulted in neurological dysfunction and lesions of symmetrical poliomyelomalacia. These were most severe in the A. bisulcatus group, which also had polioencephalomalacia. Although seleno-DL-methionine caused the greater increase in tissue and blood Se concentrations, this did not correlate with severity of pathological changes, since animals fed A. bisulcatus developed more severe and disseminated lesions. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Panter, K E AU - Hartley, W J AU - James, L F AU - Mayland, H F AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Kechele, P O AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 217 EP - 223 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Selenium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Selenomethionine KW - 964MRK2PEL KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Selenic Acid KW - HV0Y51NC4J KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Failure to Thrive -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Selenium Compounds -- toxicity KW - Plants -- chemistry KW - Selenium -- blood KW - Selenomethionine -- toxicity KW - Selenium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78543229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+selenium+from+seleno-DL-methionine%2C+sodium+selenate%2C+and+Astragalus+bisulcatus+in+pigs.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BHartley%2C+W+J%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BMayland%2C+H+F%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BKechele%2C+P+O&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why are ruminal cellulolytic bacteria unable to digest cellulose at low pH? AN - 78462124; 8880476 AB - Ruminant animals depend on cellulolytic ruminal bacteria to digest cellulose, but these bacteria cannot resist the low ruminal pH that modern feeding practices can create. Because the cellulolytic bacteria cannot grow on cellobiose at low pH, pH sensitivity is a general aspect of growth and not just a limitation of the cellulases per se. Acid-resistant ruminal bacteria have evolved the capacity to let their intracellular pH decrease, maintain a small pH gradient across the cell membrane, and prevent an intracellular accumulation of VFA anions. Cellulolytic bacteria cannot grow with a low intracellular pH, and an increase in pH gradient leads to anion toxicity. Prevotella ruminicola cannot digest native cellulose, but it grows at low pH and degrades the cellulose derivative, carboxymethylcellulose. The Prevotella ruminicola carboxymethylcellulase cannot bind to cellulose, but a recombinant enzyme having the Prevotella ruminicola catalytic domain and a binding domain from Thermomonspora fusca was able to bind and had cellulase activity that was at least 10-fold higher. Based on these results, gene reconstruction offers a means of converting Prevotella ruminicola into a ruminal bacterium that can digest cellulose at low pH. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Russell, J B AU - Wilson, D B AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 1503 EP - 1509 VL - 79 IS - 8 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Dextrins KW - 0 KW - Cellulose KW - 9004-34-6 KW - cellodextrin KW - 9061-30-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genetic Engineering KW - Fermentation KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Dextrins -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Cellulose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cellulose -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78462124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Why+are+ruminal+cellulolytic+bacteria+unable+to+digest+cellulose+at+low+pH%3F&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B%3BWilson%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of vitamin C concentration and co-injection with calcium chloride on beef retail display color. AN - 78415388; 8856439 AB - The objectives of these experiments were to determine 1) the most effective vitamin C concentration to stabilize color of beef cuts during retail display and 2) the effect on color of incorporating vitamin C into a calcium chloride (CaCl2) injection solution. Top round cuts (semimembranosus and adductor) were injected with 5% by weight of a 0, .25, .5, 1, 2, or 4% sodium ascorbate solution (Exp. 1) or a 0, .5, 1, or 1.5% sodium ascorbate solution (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, vitamin C resulted in more (P < .05) stable lean color during 9 degrees C display, and .5, 1, and 2% vitamin C were most (P < .05) effective. In Exp. 2, all concentrations of vitamin C maintained redder (P < .05) steaks after 3, 5, and 7 d of display than control steaks and had a lower (P < .05) percentage of surface discoloration after 5 and 7 d of display at 1 degree C. Experiment 3 used beef bottom round cuts (biceps femoris) to compare control, vitamin C- (1%), CaCl2-(200 mM) and vitamin C + CaCl2-treated steaks displayed at 1 degree C. Calcium chloride-treated steaks were more (P < .05) brown and had a higher (P < .05) percentage of surface discoloration on d 5 and 7 than control steaks, whereas steaks treated with vitamin C or vitamin C + CaCl2 were more (P < .05) red and had lower (P < .05) discoloration on d 5 and 7 than control steaks. Vitamin C can be injected into beef subprimals to enhance lean color stability and extend retail display life. Vitamin C also can be used in combination with CaCl2 to offset potential color deterioration, after 5 d of display, due to salt-induced oxidation. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Wheeler, T L AU - Koohmaraie, M AU - Shackelford, S D AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 1846 EP - 1853 VL - 74 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Calcium Chloride KW - M4I0D6VV5M KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Injections, Intramuscular KW - Temperature KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Drug Synergism KW - Female KW - Meat -- standards KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- physiology KW - Food Technology -- methods KW - Calcium Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Calcium Chloride -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78415388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+vitamin+C+concentration+and+co-injection+with+calcium+chloride+on+beef+retail+display+color.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+T+L%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M%3BShackelford%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1846&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Winter stress syndrome: an important consideration for hazard assessment of aquatic pollutants. AN - 78335438; 8812191 AB - Winter Stress Syndrome (WSS) is a condition of severe lipid depletion in fish brought on by external stressors in combination with normal reductions in feeding and activity during cold weather. Fish can develop this syndrome in response to chemical stressors, such as water pollutants, or biological stressors such as parasites. Substantial mortality can result, potentially changing year-class strength and population structure of the affected species and altering community-level ecological interactions. Aquatic contaminants should be evaluated in the context of seasonal metabolic changes that normally occur in test organisms. WSS could be an important, but as yet unquantified, cause of mortality in many circumstances. Wastewater discharges may pose a greater toxic threat to fish during winter than at other times of the year. A comprehensive protocol for aquatic hazard assessment should include testing for WSS. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, United States Forest Service, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 223 EP - 227 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Waste Products KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Waste Products -- adverse effects KW - Reproduction -- physiology KW - Syndrome KW - Fishes KW - Seasons KW - Parasitic Diseases -- complications KW - Parasitic Diseases, Animal KW - Parasitic Diseases -- metabolism KW - Risk Assessment KW - Fish Diseases -- etiology KW - Stress, Physiological -- etiology KW - Fish Diseases -- metabolism KW - Stress, Physiological -- mortality KW - Stress, Physiological -- metabolism KW - Fish Diseases -- mortality KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Cold Temperature -- adverse effects KW - Stress, Physiological -- veterinary KW - Lipid Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78335438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Winter+stress+syndrome%3A+an+important+consideration+for+hazard+assessment+of+aquatic+pollutants.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-27 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Late Cainozoic clay deposits in the Port Stephens area, New South Wales AN - 52778318; 1996-075969 AB - Two discrete deposits of clay >> 20 m thick occur in an area W of Port Stephens estuary, N of Newcastle on the central New South Wales coast. The 'Karuah' clays are lake deposits accumulated in a ponded valley approximately 20 m above present sea-level in the Quaternary. They are found immediately up-valley of the 'Medowie' clays which are altered acidic tuffs. These latter deposits are younger than the Cretaceous and, if they created the Karuah lake, they must be late Tertiary or Quaternary in age. Independent work on zircon ages suggests the existence of a relatively young hot spot magma in this area at approximately 1.0 m.y. and although the Medowie clays apparently derive from rhyolitic acidic parent lavas, the possibility of a Quaternary volcanic source cannot be ruled out. JF - Australian Journal of Earth Sciences AU - Roy, P S AU - Matthei, L Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 395 EP - 400 PB - Blackwell, Melbourne, Victoria VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0812-0099, 0812-0099 KW - silicates KW - clay KW - Cenozoic KW - pollen KW - chronology KW - geochronology KW - dates KW - sediments KW - orthosilicates KW - absolute age KW - thickness KW - miospores KW - Australia KW - pollen analysis KW - zircon group KW - Quaternary KW - Australasia KW - clastic sediments KW - biostratigraphy KW - Newcastle Australia KW - Port Stephens KW - New South Wales Australia KW - zircon KW - fission-track dating KW - nesosilicates KW - provenance KW - ash KW - palynomorphs KW - lacustrine environment KW - Pleistocene KW - microfossils KW - igneous activity KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52778318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=Late+Cainozoic+clay+deposits+in+the+Port+Stephens+area%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.au=Roy%2C+P+S%3BMatthei%2C+L&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences&rft.issn=08120099&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/08120099.asp LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - Victoria N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; ash; Australasia; Australia; biostratigraphy; Cenozoic; chronology; clastic sediments; clay; dates; fission-track dating; geochronology; igneous activity; lacustrine environment; microfossils; miospores; nesosilicates; New South Wales Australia; Newcastle Australia; orthosilicates; palynomorphs; Pleistocene; pollen; pollen analysis; Port Stephens; provenance; Quaternary; sediments; silicates; thickness; zircon; zircon group ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil selection for use in EPIC analysis AN - 52769030; 1997-004673 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Senatre, Barbara AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 355 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - soils KW - protection KW - numerical models KW - erosion KW - statistical analysis KW - regional planning KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - decision-making KW - decontamination KW - policy KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52769030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Soil+selection+for+use+in+EPIC+analysis&rft.au=Senatre%2C+Barbara%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Senatre&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1996 annual conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - decision-making; decontamination; erosion; land use; mathematical models; numerical models; policy; pollution; prediction; protection; regional planning; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A turn up in Garden County AN - 52768829; 1997-004675 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Nein, Anita J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 357 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - protection KW - water quality KW - concentration KW - erosion KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - drinking water KW - soil sampling KW - Platte River KW - conservation KW - Garden County Nebraska KW - soil erosion KW - nitrate ion KW - Nebraska KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52768829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=A+turn+up+in+Garden+County&rft.au=Nein%2C+Anita+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Nein&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1996 annual conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - concentration; conservation; drinking water; erosion; Garden County Nebraska; Nebraska; nitrate ion; Platte River; pollutants; pollution; protection; soil erosion; soil management; soil sampling; soils; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicides in Karst Groundwater in Southeast West Virginia AN - 17411759; 4633230 AB - A field study was conducted to determine the karst groundwater impact of herbicide application to feed crops in support of livestock production in southeast West Virginia. Grab samples were taken on a weekly/biweekly schedule at three resurgences for two agriculturally intensive karst watersheds. Two surface water sites were also sampled. The samples were analyzed for the presence of 12 different analytes: atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), its two metabolites, desethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-1,2,5-triazine) and desisopropylatrazine (2-chioro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), and nine additional triazine herbicides. Little impact was detected at the two surface water sites. In contrast, 6 of the 10 herbicides were detected in at least two of the three resurgences. Three of them, atrazine (ATR), metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide], and simazine [2-chloro-4-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine], were detected in more than 10% of all samples at all three resurgences. ATR and desethylatrazine (DES) were detected in more than 50% of samples at all three resurgences; median ATR values were 0.060, 0.025, and 0.025 mu g/L. DAR*, the ratio of DES to ATR plus DES, was used to differentiate atrazine leaching following storage for long periods in the soil, from transport that bypassed deethylation in the soil through sinkholes and other solutionally developed conduits. DAR* was low (median of <0.5) and highly varied during the periods immediately following ATR application, indicating that significant quantities of ATR were present. In the winter, a release of ATR metabolites from the soil was evidenced by a steadier, and higher DAR* (median of 0.64). The maximum detected ATR concentration was 1.20 mu g/L, which is within the USEPA maximum contaminant level of 3 mu g/L. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Pasquarell, G C AU - Boyer, D G AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Soil and Water Conserv. Res. Lab., Beckley, WV 25802, USA, dboyer@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 755 EP - 765 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, West Virginia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Analysis KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Karst KW - Herbicides KW - Watersheds KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Herbicides+in+Karst+Groundwater+in+Southeast+West+Virginia&rft.au=Pasquarell%2C+G+C%3BBoyer%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Pasquarell&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herbicides; Karst; Groundwater Pollution; Water Pollution Sources; Watersheds; Water Analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Initial Water Content on Macropore/Matrix Flow and Transport of Surface-Applied Chemicals AN - 17411281; 4633223 AB - Pesticides and fertilizers are often broadcast on no-till fields in the spring when soil water content can be quite variable. Soil water content may influence the contribution of macropores and matrix porosity to water movement and chemical transport in subsequent rainfalls. Therefore, we surface-applied SrBr sub(2) times 6H sub(2)O, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), and alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide] on nine, 30 by 30 by 30 cm, undisturbed soil blocks obtained from a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) field and maintained at three initial moisture levels 1 h before a 30-mm, 0.5-h simulated rain. To distinguish applied water from resident and assess interaction of the rainwater with the soil matrix, RbCl was added to the simulated rain as a tracer. Sequential percolate samples were collected from the base of the blocks in approximately 10-mL increments using a 64-cell grid lysimeter. Flow-weighted concentrations of Cl super(-) and Rb super(+), respectively, were 75 and 836% higher in percolate from dry ( theta = 0.11 kg kg super(-1)) than from wet blocks ( theta = 0.21 kg kg super(-1)), indicating that displacement of resident water and interaction of rainwater with the matrix increased with initial soil water content. As a result, percolate concentrations of the reactive, surface- applied, constituents (Sr super(2+), atrazine, alachlor) decreased with increasing soil water content. High block to block variability precluded detection of significant differences in percolate volume and total chemical transport among moisture levels. The relative contribution of macropores to chemical transport and water movement appears to be greatest when the soil is dry and decreases as the soil becomes wetter. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Edwards, WM AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812-0488, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 662 EP - 670 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertilizers KW - Percolation KW - Solute Transport KW - Porosity KW - Macropores KW - Herbicides KW - Soil Water KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Initial+Water+Content+on+Macropore%2FMatrix+Flow+and+Transport+of+Surface-Applied+Chemicals&rft.au=Shipitalo%2C+MJ%3BEdwards%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Shipitalo&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Solute Transport; Herbicides; Soil Water; Macropores; Porosity; Percolation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethanol production from afex pretreated corn fiber by recombinant bacteria AN - 16072708; 4103220 AB - Fermentation of an enzymatic hydrolyzate of ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreated corn fiber (containing a mixture of different sugars including glucose, xylose, arabinose, and galactose) by genetically-engineered Escherichia coli strain SL40 and KO11 and Klebsiella oxytoca strain P2 was investigated under pH-controlled conditions. Both E. coli strains (SL40 and KO11) efficiently utilized most of the sugars contained in the hydrolyzate and produced a maximum of 26.6 and 27.1 g/l ethanol, respectively, equivalent to 90 and 92% of the theoretical yield. Very little difference was observed in cell growth and ethanol production between fermentations of the enzymatic hydrolyzate and mixtures of pure sugars, simulating the hydrolyzate. These results confirm the fermentability of the AFEX-treated corn fiber hydrolyzate by ethanologenic E. coli. K. oxytoca strain P2, on the other hand, showed comparatively poor growth and ethanol production (maximum 20 g/l) from both enzymatic hydrolyzate and simulated sugar mixtures under the same fermentation conditions. (DBO) JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Dien, B S AU - Ferrer, B AU - Hespell, R B AU - Dale, B E AU - Ingram, LO AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, USDA, ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 985 EP - 990 VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - corn fiber KW - ethanol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - fermentation KW - Klebsiella oxytoca KW - A 01012:Nucleic acids & metabolites KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16072708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Ethanol+production+from+afex+pretreated+corn+fiber+by+recombinant+bacteria&rft.au=Moniruzzaman%2C+M%3BDien%2C+B+S%3BFerrer%2C+B%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BDale%2C+B+E%3BIngram%2C+LO%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Moniruzzaman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fermentation; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella oxytoca ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff curve number variation with drainage area Walnut Gulch, Arizona AN - 16054233; 4102020 AB - Runoff Curve Numbers (a measure of a watershed's runoff response to a rainstorm) were determined using three different methods for 18 semiarid watersheds in southeastern Arizona. Each of the methods produced similar results. A relationship was then developed between optimum Curve Number and drainage area of the watershed used. Curve Numbers decreased with increasing drainage area. This response is a reflection of spatial variability in rainfall and infiltration losses in the coarse-textured material of the channels associated with larger drainage basins. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Simanton, J R AU - Hawkins, R H AU - Mohseni-Saravi, M AU - Renard, K G AD - USDA-ARS-SWRC, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 1391 EP - 1394 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Arizona, Walnut Gulch KW - catchment area KW - catchment areas KW - hydrologic data KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - rainstorms KW - stormwater runoff KW - stream flow KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - runoff KW - Freshwater KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16054233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Runoff+curve+number+variation+with+drainage+area+Walnut+Gulch%2C+Arizona&rft.au=Simanton%2C+J+R%3BHawkins%2C+R+H%3BMohseni-Saravi%2C+M%3BRenard%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Simanton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - runoff; catchment area; stream flow; stormwater runoff; hydrologic data; rainfall-runoff relationships; rainstorms; catchment areas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SMoRMod -- a GIS-integrated rainfall-runoff model AN - 15960140; 4064623 AB - The Soil Moisture-based Runoff Model (SMoRMod), is a cell-based rainfall-runoff model which is integrated into the GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) Geographic Information System (GIS). The use of current GIS technology enables construction of strong physically based models that are entirely spatially referenced, within which all parameters, results, and intermediates retain their physical meaning. The model consists of soil moisture balance and runoff generation/transport submodels. The soil moisture balance submodel functions on a daily time step and provides the initial conditions for the runoff generation submodel. The latter operates with a short time step (30 min for this study) and features an infiltration function in which the incremental abstraction is derived directly from the soil moisture status. The formulation of the infiltration function accounts for both infiltration excess and saturation excess types of runoff generation. The model uses only readily available watershed characteristic data, e.g., soils, topography, and land use, and requires minimal calibration. Model results compare favorably with recorded streamflows for 77 rainstorms on the WD-38 watershed in east-central Pennsylvania. The 77 storms encompass a wide variety of rainfall amounts, rainfall intensities, and antecedent moisture conditions. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zollweg, JA AU - Gburek, W J AU - Steenhuis, T S AD - USDA-ARS, USDA Pasture Lab Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 1299 EP - 1307 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - GIS KW - geographical information system KW - hydrologic data KW - infiltration KW - mathematical models KW - model studies KW - moisture content KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - soil water KW - stormwater runoff KW - streamflow KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - rainfall KW - percolation KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15960140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=SMoRMod+--+a+GIS-integrated+rainfall-runoff+model&rft.au=Zollweg%2C+JA%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BSteenhuis%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Zollweg&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; rainfall; percolation; soil erosion; stormwater runoff; soil water; moisture content; model studies; hydrologic data; streamflow; infiltration; rainfall-runoff relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glycoprotein E2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus expressed in insect cells provides calves limited protection from systemic infection and disease AN - 15959050; 4060104 AB - Calves were vaccinated with a C-terminally truncated baculovirus expression product of E2 from the Singer strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus. The expressed E2 was glycosylated and retained antigenic authenticity. After induction of viral neutralizing antibody, the calves were challenge exposed with either the homologous Singer strain of virus or with the heterologous 890 strain of virus. Vaccine-induced antibody titer of greater than or equal to 2 protected calves from clinical signs of disease induced by homologous viral challenge exposure. An antibody titer of greater than or equal to 512 reduced replication of homologous challenge virus to a level which did not induce an appreciable increase in serologic titer of viral neutralizing antibody. Vaccine-induced antibody titer of less than or equal to 4 096 did not protect calves from systemic spread of virus or from disease after challenge exposure with heterologous bovine viral diarrhea virus. JF - Archives of Virology AU - Bolin AU - Ridpath, J F AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 1463 EP - 1477 VL - 141 IS - 8 SN - 0304-8608, 0304-8608 KW - glycoprotein E2 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - neutralization KW - antibodies KW - immunity KW - bovine diarrhea virus KW - vaccination KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15959050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Glycoprotein+E2+of+bovine+viral+diarrhea+virus+expressed+in+insect+cells+provides+calves+limited+protection+from+systemic+infection+and+disease&rft.au=Bolin%3BRidpath%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Bolin&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Virology&rft.issn=03048608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bovine diarrhea virus; vaccination; immunity; neutralization; antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial relations between oat residue and ceramic spheres when incorporated sequentially by tillage AN - 15918882; 4047202 AB - Spatial characterization of crop residues and agrichemicals incorporated by tillage is needed to interpret biomass-related soil processes. This study presents such a characterization. We first described oat residue (Avena sativa L.) and green-sphere distributions produced by chisel plow (CP) and moldboard plow (MP) tillage and then described red-sphere distributions when incorporated during secondary tillage. Finally the co-location of incorporated oat residue and colored spheres was characterized. Green and red ceramic spheres were surrogates for shoot residue and incorporated agrichemical, respectively. Characterizations were derived from weights of soil and residue and counts of spheres in soil cores (1.84 cm diam. by 30 cm long, sectioned into 15 sublengths each 2 cm long). Penetration with MP was 25 cm, CP was 15 cm, and cultivator was 17 cm. The MP incorporated 67% of residue in the 10- to 20-cm depth, while more that 90% of the incorporated residue in the CP was between 1 and 11 cm deep. Secondary tillage had negligible influence on these depth distributions. Green-sphere distributions were related more closely to tool penetration than those of oat residue because root and shoot tissue were not distinguished. Fractional porosity of the 5.32-cm super(3) volumes, adjusted to account for oat residue and sphere volumes, was increased approximately 12% due to these materials. Many 5.32-cm super(3) volumes contained no oat residue, whereas only a few volumes had concentrations greater than or equal to 4 times the mean residue concentration. Although oat residue was incorporated with primary tillage, residue and herbicide surrogates were co-located in 35% of the volumes, many of which contained large concentrations of residue. Exclusive use of either primary tillage with the same secondary tillage produces an environment for characteristically different bioactivity in the upper 10 cm. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Copeland, S M AU - Copeland, P J AU - Oussible, M AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 1209 EP - 1216 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - spatial distribution KW - agricultural practices KW - agricultural chemicals KW - soil environment KW - biomass KW - soil porosity KW - oats KW - crop production KW - detritus KW - cores KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15918882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Spatial+relations+between+oat+residue+and+ceramic+spheres+when+incorporated+sequentially+by+tillage&rft.au=Allmaras%2C+R+R%3BCopeland%2C+S+M%3BCopeland%2C+P+J%3BOussible%2C+M&rft.aulast=Allmaras&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crop production; agricultural practices; oats; cores; soil porosity; spatial distribution; agricultural chemicals; detritus; biomass; soil environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional response as a component of dynamic simulation models in biological control: The Catolaccus-boll weevil system AN - 15886767; 4032310 AB - A simulation model using Time Varying Distributed Delays was created on the HERMES (Hierarchical Environment for Research Modelling of Ecological Systems) of the USDA/ARS with the purpose of evaluating different forms of functional response components in dynamic simulations of biological control systems. The specific host-parasitoid life system used in the evaluation was the boll weevil-Catolaccus grandis system. Four forms of functional response equations were tested: Type I, Type II, a Type II modified to yield constant attack probabilities under constant host:parasitoid ratios, and a temperature-dependent Type II. Simulation runs showed that the parasitoid is potentially capable of considerable suppression of the host population. Predicted host numbers under Type I and II equations did not differ markedly, because realistic host numbers per parasitoid were often found in the linear portion of the Type II equation. The probability of attack using a Type I equation was always near 100% despite arbitrarily increasing the host population to create a wide range of host:parasitoid ratios. The Type II equation resulted in fluctuating attack probabilities which steadily declined as host:parasitoid ratio exceeded 100:1. The modified Type II equation yielded attack probabilities starting at 52% and steadily declining to about 8% when host:parasitoid ratios neared 1000:1. We introduced a realistic, but hypothetical, relationship between functional response and temperature. Simulations using actual weather data from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas suggest that there is little difference between using Types I or II equations, but that the effect of temperature on attack rates is substantial in this system. Caution should be used when incorporating data from experiments into simulation models because experimental conditions are often unrealistically optimal. We discuss the possible importance of temperature and other diurnal or environmental events on functional response and the value of relevant data in this and other simulation models of biological control. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Legaspi, BC Jr AU - Carruthers, R I AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AD - Biol. Control Pests Res. Unit, USDA/ARS/SPA, 2413 East Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 43 EP - 57 VL - 89 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - models KW - pest control KW - host-parasite interactions KW - Curculionidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15886767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Functional+response+as+a+component+of+dynamic+simulation+models+in+biological+control%3A+The+Catolaccus-boll+weevil+system&rft.au=Legaspi%2C+BC+Jr%3BCarruthers%2C+R+I%3BMorales-Ramos%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Legaspi&rft.aufirst=BC&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catolaccus grandis; Anthonomus grandis; Pteromalidae; Curculionidae; models; biological control; host-parasite interactions; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three methods of residue cover measurements on rainfall simulator sites AN - 15881962; 4033560 AB - Video image analysis, drop pins, and dot-screen methods were used to measure wheat residue cover in 1-m super(2) rainfall simulator boxes under undisturbed field conditions. The data set consisted of 53 sites on a set of field plots which represented residue cover on chisel-till and no-till systems two months after wheat harvest. If the mean from the three methods is taken as the true cover, then there was a trend to produce 5% cover above average cover values with the pin method and 1% cover and 4% cover below average values with the dot and video methods, respectively. For no-till conditions of cover in the 80 to 100% cover range, the differences in values achieved with the three methods may be of little consequence, because the soil is adequately protected. For the low-residue cover chisel-till conditions, the differences were as much as 50% of the mean cover and could produce misleading information on the effect of residue cover on runoff, erosion, water quality, and other products of rainfall simulator studies. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Morrison, JE Jr AU - Potter, K N AU - Torbert, HA AU - Pantone, D J AD - USDA-ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 1415 EP - 1417 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - residue cover KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - simulated rainfall KW - agricultural practices KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15881962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+three+methods+of+residue+cover+measurements+on+rainfall+simulator+sites&rft.au=Morrison%2C+JE+Jr%3BPotter%2C+K+N%3BTorbert%2C+HA%3BPantone%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulated rainfall; agricultural practices; erosion control; runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water-stable aggregation and organic matter in four soils under conventional and zero tillage AN - 15829439; 4011138 AB - Zero tillage management reduces soil exposure and disturbance and, therefore, may improve soil aggregation and organic matter sequestration under some environments. We determined the distribution and soil organic C (SOC) content of five water-stable aggregate (WSA) classes at depths of 0-50, 50-125, and 125-200 mm in a loam, a silt loam, a clay loam, and a clay soil managed for 4-16 yr under conventional shallow tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) in the Peace River region of northern Alberta and British Columbia. Macroaggregation (>0.25 mm) and mean weight diameter (MWD) were greater under ZT than under CT in coarse-textured soils at a depth of 0-125 mm. Under CT, macroaggregation and MWD increased with increasing clay content, thereby reducing the potential of ZT to improve these properties in soils with high clay content. Concentration of SOC tended to be greatest in macroaggregates and lowest in microaggregates of coarse-textured soils, but was not different among WSA classes of fine-textured soils. Soil organic C content of macroaggregates under ZT was 0.34, 0.40, 0.62, and 0.16 kg m super(-2) greater than under CT at a depth of 0-200 mm in the loam, silt loam, clay loam, and clay soil, respectively. Our results suggest that implementation of ZT in this cold semiarid climate can quickly improve WSA of coarse-textured soils and potentially increase SOC sequestration, albeit more slowly than in warmer more humid climates, when macroaggregation is improved. JF - Canadian Journal of Soil Science AU - Franzluebbers, A J AU - Arshad, MA AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Piedmont Conserv. Res. Cent., 1420 Experiment Stn. Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 387 EP - 393 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0008-4271, 0008-4271 KW - tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - cultivated lands KW - soil conservation KW - aggregates KW - organic matter KW - soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15829439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Water-stable+aggregation+and+organic+matter+in+four+soils+under+conventional+and+zero+tillage&rft.au=Franzluebbers%2C+A+J%3BArshad%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Franzluebbers&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.issn=00084271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aggregates; organic matter; agricultural practices; soil conservation; soil erosion; cultivated lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Starch- and flour-based sprayable formulations: Effect on rainfastness and solar stability of Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 15829337; 4004060 AB - Microbial pesticides such as those based on Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner exhibit short residual activity when applied as foliar sprays. Formulation ingredients may be able to counter the effects of environmental factors by offering protection from rainfall or sunlight or both. We report on the use of pregelatinized cornstarch and corn flour as formulation ingredients for sprayable B. thuringiensis preparations. In 2 field tests, residual activity was measured by feeding treated leaves to diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), larvae. In the 1st test (1989), pregelatinized starch mixed with equal amounts of sucrose and tank mixed at a total of 4% solids (4 g/100 ml) provided protection of B. thuringiensis on cabbage leaves for up to 5 d under sunny field conditions. A commercial B. thuringiensis product lost activity after 3 d. In the 2nd study (1991), pregelatinized flour mixed with sucrose also provided protection in the presence of rainfall. In this study, 1, 2, and 4% solids were used to test the effects of amounts of formulation materials required to achieve protection of B. thuringiensis. In the presence of rain, 4% solids was required for optimum protection. Treatments that included 1 or 2% solids did not provide rainfastness as measured against a commercial product. Inclusion of sun screening agents did not affect longevity of activity. In both studies, overall efficacy of all B. thuringiensis preparations against 3 Lepidoptera species was excellent. Laboratory tests demonstrated the protective effects of the flour formulations against artificial sunlight. Formulations with only 0.5% solids protected B. thuringiensis equally well as formulations with 4% solids. Artificial rainfall tests, however, did not support results obtained in the field. All formulations were washed equally from cotton plants in response to 6 cm rain applied over a 1-h period. These experiments, considered together, reinforce the proposition that formulation ingredients such as corn flour can increase residual activity of B. thuringiensis. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - McGuire, M R AU - Shasha, B S AU - Eastman, CE AU - Oloumi-Sadeghi, H AD - Bioactive Agents Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 863 EP - 869 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pieris rapae KW - Pieridae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Plutellidae KW - Noctuidae KW - pesticide applications KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - USA, Illinois KW - rainfall KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - sunlight KW - Plutella xylostella KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15829337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Starch-+and+flour-based+sprayable+formulations%3A+Effect+on+rainfastness+and+solar+stability+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=McGuire%2C+M+R%3BShasha%2C+B+S%3BEastman%2C+CE%3BOloumi-Sadeghi%2C+H&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Plutella xylostella; Pieris rapae; Trichoplusia ni; Plutellidae; Pieridae; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; USA, Illinois; pesticide applications; sunlight; rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined chemical defenses against an insect-fungal complex AN - 15822348; 4008628 AB - This study considered how host plant allelochemicals may contribute to defense against insects and fungi that jointly colonize the subcortical tissues of trees, the relative roles of constitutive and inducible chemistry in these defenses, and how the actions of two different feeding guilds might be interrelated. Our model consisted of the coniferous tree Pinus resinosa, the root- and lower stem-colonizing beetles Hylastes porculus and Dendroctonus valens, and their associated fungi Leptographium procerum and L. terebrantis, and the stem-colonizing bark beetle Ips pini and its associated fungus Ophiostoma ips. In a novel bioassay, extracts from reaction tissue elicted by wound inoculation with L. terebrantis were more repellent to beetles than were similar extracts from constitutive or mechanically wounded tissue. The effect on beetle behavior was more pronounced in nonpolar extracts, which contain mostly monoterpenes, than in polar extracts, which contain mostly phenolics. Synthetic monoterpenes at concentrations present in the various tissues exerted similar effects and were likewise repellent in dose-response experiments. Growth of L. procerum and L. terebrantis was inhibited by polar extracts from constitutive and reaction tissue. Inhibition was higher in wounded than control tissue, but the inhibition response did not vary with the type of wounding. Synthetic monoterpenes strongly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of both fungi. Colonization of red pine roots by Leptographium spp. altered the subsequent effects of extracts of stem phloem tissue on I. pini. These effects varied with host condition. Beetles preferred extracts from constitutive stem phloem tissue of healthy trees to that of root-diseased trees. However, extracts from reaction tissues of healthy trees were more repellent to I. pini than were the reaction tissues of root-diseased trees. The implications of these results to plant defense against insect-fungal complexes and interactions among different feeding guilds are discussed. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Klepzig, K D AU - Smalley, E B AU - Raffa, K F AD - USDA Forest Serv., 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 1367 EP - 1388 VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - herbivory KW - Leptographium KW - Ophiostoma ips KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - fungi KW - host plants KW - Pinus resinosa KW - models KW - allelochemicals KW - trees KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - K 03092:Others KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15822348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Combined+chemical+defenses+against+an+insect-fungal+complex&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D%3BSmalley%2C+E+B%3BRaffa%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus resinosa; allelochemicals; host plants; fungi; herbivory; models; trees ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptomless endophytic colonization of maize by Fusarium moniliforme AN - 15810907; 3993162 AB - Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon is a nonobligate parasite of maize that produces several mycotoxins. This fungus causes systemic infections of maize kernels, which then serve as dissemination vehicles and inoculum sources. Infected plants may or may not show disease symptoms. Symptomless infection was studied in maize plants and was compared with plants that eventually showed symptoms of seedling disease. Three isolates of F. moniliforme, a hygromycin-resistant mutant of two of these isolates, and Fusarium fujikuroi were used to infect surface and internally sterilized maize kernels, and symptomatic and symptomless infections were observed for 8 weeks. The results indicated that in symptomless infected plants, hyphae were intercellular only and distributed throughout the plant, whereas in plants showing disease symptoms, the fungus was both intercellular and intracellular. Symptomless plants remained symptomless throughout the observation period, and at the ultrastructural level there was no evidence of an antagonistic relationship. This indicates that the symptomless state persists beyond the seedling stage and could contribute, without visual signs, to the total mycotoxin contaminants of maize both before and during kernel development. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Bacon, C W AU - Hinton, D M AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Russell Res. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 1195 EP - 1202 VL - 74 IS - 8 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium fujikuroi KW - endophytes KW - colonization KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Zea mays KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15810907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Symptomless+endophytic+colonization+of+maize+by+Fusarium+moniliforme&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W%3BHinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Fusarium fujikuroi; Zea mays; endophytes; colonization; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field performance of F sub(1)-sterile gypsy moth larvae (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on loblolly pine and sweetgum AN - 15808595; 3999430 AB - The quality of sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua L., and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., as a foodsource for gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae was evaluated using caged F sub(1)-sterile gypsy moths in a field study in southeastern Virginia. A 1st experiment compared host species at 3 sites. Because early instars do not feed on loblolly pine, 2nd and 3rd stadia larvae were caged only on sweetgum, and allocated to sweetgum and loblolly pine at the onset of the 4th stadium. On sweetgum, survival of L2 and L3 gypsy moths was 32% across sites and was similar to 17% higher on the best site compared with the worst. Survival of L4 to pupae was not affected by site, but survival was significantly higher on sweetgum than loblolly pine during this period. Host species did not affect duration of the larval stage, pupal weight, duration of the pupal stage, or development time to adult of F sub(1)-sterile gypsy moths; however, site had a significant effect on duration of the larval period. A 2nd experiment using L4-L6 examined the effects of detaching branches, on both host species, on the duration of the larval period, relative growth rate, and pupal weight. The main effects of host species, branch detachment, and frequency of larval handling (frequent versus infrequent) were not significant for any response variable. The interactions of branch detachment by host species and larval handling by host species were significant. On loblolly pine, larvae caged on detached branches developed more slowly than those on intact branches, but those larvae caged on intact branches and moved infrequently developed the slowest of any treatment. Larvae on sweetgum were unaffected by branch detachment or frequency of handling. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Strom, B L AU - Hain, F P AU - Ayres, M P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 749 EP - 756 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - larvae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Liquidambar styraciflua KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - USA, Virginia KW - Lymantriidae KW - sterile-release KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15808595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+performance+of+F+sub%281%29-sterile+gypsy+moth+larvae+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+on+loblolly+pine+and+sweetgum&rft.au=Strom%2C+B+L%3BHain%2C+F+P%3BAyres%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Pinus taeda; Liquidambar styraciflua; USA, Virginia; sterile-release ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degree-day models for predicting levels of attack by slash pine flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the phenology of female strobilus development on slash pine AN - 15803838; 3999402 AB - Degree-day models were developed for predicting different levels of attack by slash pine flower thrips, Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan), on female strobili (flowers) and for predicting the appearance of different morphological stages of flower development. The models were based on 5-yr data collected from a north Florida slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelmann variety elliottii, seed orchard. Different starting dates and lower threshold temperatures for models were compared. Starting dates included the 1st annual incidence of temperatures below 4.4 degree C (40 degree F) and a range of biofix dates (20 November through 10 December). Lower threshold temperatures were compared over a range of -1.1-12.8 degree C (30-55 degree F). Degree-day models with a 4.4 degree C (40 degree F) lower threshold temperature appeared to be suitable predictors of the appearance of stage 2 flowers and the 50% level of attack by slash pine flower thrips. These models should facilitate implementation of insecticide application programs based on predicting levels of thrips attack and flower phenology. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fatzinger, C W AU - Dixon, W N AD - Southern Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box 70, Olustee, FL 32072, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 727 EP - 735 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Gnophothrips fuscus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Thysanoptera KW - Phlaeothripidae KW - USA, Florida KW - Pinus elliottii KW - phenology KW - models KW - pest attack KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15803838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Degree-day+models+for+predicting+levels+of+attack+by+slash+pine+flower+thrips+%28Thysanoptera%3A+Phlaeothripidae%29+and+the+phenology+of+female+strobilus+development+on+slash+pine&rft.au=Fatzinger%2C+C+W%3BDixon%2C+W+N&rft.aulast=Fatzinger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thysanoptera; Phlaeothripidae; Pinus elliottii; USA, Florida; models; pest attack; phenology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Describing the progression of almond bloom using accumulated heat units AN - 15803471; 3995474 AB - The duration of the blossoming period and fraction of open blossoms over time are defined as a function of growing degree-days for five almond (Prunus dulcis) cultivars. Separate base temperature estimates and equations describing the progression of bloom are derived for each cultivar. Earlier blooming cultivars had lower base temperatures for bloom progression than cultivars blooming later. Equations that were derived from 1987 and 1988 data predicted the progression of bloom for each cultivar in 1989 and 1990 with greater accuracy during the pre-peak bloom than in the post-peak bloom period. The use of base temperature and bloom progression equations, in combination with chill unit requirements to break rest and with heat unit requirements to start bloom, can provide a basis for choosing cultivar combinations that will enhance cross-pollination and nut set. JF - Journal of Applied Ecology AU - Degrandi-Hoffman, G AU - Thorp, R AU - Loper, G AU - Eisikowitch, D AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. and Biol. Control Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 812 EP - 818 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8901, 0021-8901 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - cross-pollination KW - flowering KW - Prunus dulcis KW - nuts KW - phenology KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15803471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.atitle=Describing+the+progression+of+almond+bloom+using+accumulated+heat+units&rft.au=Degrandi-Hoffman%2C+G%3BThorp%2C+R%3BLoper%2C+G%3BEisikowitch%2C+D&rft.aulast=Degrandi-Hoffman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.issn=00218901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus dulcis; cross-pollination; flowering; phenology; nuts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new vision for plant productivity AN - 15794101; 3991247 AB - Plants live on light. It is not surprising, therefore, that they have evolved an elaborate photosensory system to monitor the availability and quality of this ultimate source of energy in their environment. Similarly, because higher plants are immobilized for life following germination, it is not surprising that the strategies available to them for responding to fluctuations in the light environment are confined to changes in growth and/or development. Moving to a sunnier location is not an option. Unfortunately for agricultural productivity, the nature of plants' response to perceived competition for light is to channel energy into stem extension growth at the expense of harvestable components such as leaves, storage tissue, and reproductive tissue. However, on pp. 995-998 of this issue, Harry Smith and colleagues describe a promising biotechnological solution to this problem. They report field studies on plants in which this agriculturally undesirable response to competition has been disrupted through reverse genetic perturbation of the photosensory system. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Quail, PH AD - USDA Plant Gene Expression Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 945 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - photosensory system KW - phytochromes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - transgenic plants KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - shade KW - light KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15794101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=A+new+vision+for+plant+productivity&rft.au=Quail%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Quail&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; transgenic plants; shade; light; Nicotiana tabacum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seeds, seedlings, and growth of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) AN - 15773228; 3986769 AB - Extensive logging damage and harvesting for taxol depleted many Pacific yew populations in western North America, and successful natural regeneration is needed to restore those populations. Field measurements of seed and seedling distribution, growth, and age indicate that yew seeds may remain dormant in the soil seed bank for more than three years. Seeds tend to be concentrated under the crowns of mature yew trees, and they can produce abundant seedlings on some clearcut-and-burned sites. Clearcutting, burning, or other major stand disturbances are not essential for seed germination and seedling survival, however; Pacific yew can also regenerate in the understory of undisturbed stands. JF - Northwest Science AU - Minore, D AU - Weatherly, H G AU - Cartmill, M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 223 EP - 229 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - disturbance KW - regeneration KW - Taxus brevifolia KW - seeds KW - longevity KW - dispersal KW - population status KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15773228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Seeds%2C+seedlings%2C+and+growth+of+Pacific+yew+%28Taxus+brevifolia%29&rft.au=Minore%2C+D%3BWeatherly%2C+H+G%3BCartmill%2C+M&rft.aulast=Minore&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Taxus brevifolia; population status; regeneration; seeds; longevity; dispersal; disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat characteristics and morphological differences of Trifolium thompsonii populations AN - 15769513; 3986771 AB - Trifolium thompsonii (Morton) is a rare and threatened legume of the Eastern Cascades previously known only in Swakane Canyon of Chelan County, Washington. Recent wildfire disturbances and new population sightings prompted investigation of the habitat characteristics of this taxon. Transect sampling and cluster analysis identified T. thompsonii occurrence in four plant associations: Pseudotsuga menziesii/Calmagrostis rubescens (PSME/CARU), Pinus ponderosa/Agropyron spicatum (PIPO/AGSP), Artemisia tridentata/Agropyron spicatum (ARTR/AGSP), and Artemisia tridentata-vaseyana/Agropyron spicatum (ARVA/AGSP). Thompson's clover occurs in a mosaic pattern characteristic of fire disturbed and grazed communities with 24-69 percent cover of forbs and grasses and 0-36 percent cover of trees and shrubs. Morphological expression of T. thompsonii ranged from tall (32 cm) multifloral stands in mesic PSME to relatively small (25 cm) individuals with only one flowerhead in the xeric ARTR. In contrast, plant density was low in PSME at 0.6 plants-m super(-2) but high in ARTR at 6.4 plants-m super(-2). This study confirms T. thompsonii to be a vigorous and dominant forb component of early seral communities in the ponderosa pine-shrub steppe ecotone. JF - Northwest Science AU - Scherer, G AU - Zamora, B AU - Everett, R AU - Roche, B Jr AD - USDA-Forest. Sci. Lab., 1133 Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 242 EP - 251 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - Trifolium thompsonii KW - plant communities KW - ecological distribution KW - habitat preferences KW - rare species KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15769513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Habitat+characteristics+and+morphological+differences+of+Trifolium+thompsonii+populations&rft.au=Scherer%2C+G%3BZamora%2C+B%3BEverett%2C+R%3BRoche%2C+B+Jr&rft.aulast=Scherer&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium thompsonii; USA, Washington; ecological distribution; habitat preferences; plant communities; rare species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates and products from polyamine degradation are Babesiacidal in vitro. AN - 78300527; 8784495 AB - Products released from activated macrophages have been demonstrated to have microbicidal activity against a variety of microorganisms. Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) have been shown to affect the induction of degenerate (crisis) forms of Plasmodium spp. Polyamines are degraded into acrolein which has also been shown to be toxic to Plasmodium spp. We have investigated the possibility that these products act similarly with Babesia bovis. Crisis forms of B. bovis developed in erythrocyte cultures after the introduction of supernatants containing ROI, RNI, and acrolein. Xanthine degradation by xanthine oxidase leads to the formation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The degradation in the presence of B. bovis was toxic to the parasite. The toxicity was partially reversed by the addition of the ROI scavenger catalase. However, H2O2 added directly had little effect, suggesting a role for the other ROI products. Spermine degradation by polyamine oxidase and direct addition of acrolein was toxic in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, spontaneous generation of nitric oxide from sodium nitroprusside or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine was also toxic in a dose-dependent manner. These data lead us to suggest a role for activated macrophages in the primary immune response against B. bovis. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Johnson, W C AU - Cluff, C W AU - Goff, W L AU - Wyatt, C R AD - Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, Washington 99164-7030, USA. Y1 - 1996/07/23/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 23 SP - 136 EP - 147 VL - 791 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Antiprotozoal Agents KW - 0 KW - Hydroxides KW - Nitrites KW - Oxidants KW - Polyamines KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Xanthines KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Nitroprusside KW - 169D1260KM KW - Xanthine KW - 1AVZ07U9S7 KW - Spermine KW - 2FZ7Y3VOQX KW - Acrolein KW - 7864XYD3JJ KW - S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine KW - 79032-48-7 KW - hydroxide ion KW - 9159UV381P KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Xanthine Oxidase KW - EC 1.17.3.2 KW - Penicillamine KW - GNN1DV99GX KW - Spermidine KW - U87FK77H25 KW - Index Medicus KW - Xanthine Oxidase -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Penicillamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Penicillamine -- toxicity KW - Spermidine -- toxicity KW - Xanthines -- metabolism KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - Acrolein -- toxicity KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Hydroxides -- toxicity KW - Nitrites -- toxicity KW - Spermine -- toxicity KW - Superoxides -- toxicity KW - Babesia bovis -- drug effects KW - Antiprotozoal Agents -- toxicity KW - Nitroprusside -- toxicity KW - Oxidants -- toxicity KW - Polyamines -- metabolism KW - Babesia bovis -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- toxicity KW - Polyamines -- toxicity KW - Babesia bovis -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78300527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Reactive+oxygen+and+nitrogen+intermediates+and+products+from+polyamine+degradation+are+Babesiacidal+in+vitro.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+W+C%3BCluff%2C+C+W%3BGoff%2C+W+L%3BWyatt%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-07-23&rft.volume=791&rft.issue=&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a computer model of the population dynamics of Amblyomma variegatum and simulations of eradication strategies for use in the Caribbean. AN - 78299873; 8784528 AB - Control or eradication efforts should cover wide areas because of long-range migration potential of immature ticks attached to birds, such as cattle egrets. Careful follow-up inspections are also imperative. Simulation 1 shows how rapidly the population numbers may expand from small numbers, either introduced or missed. Simulation 4 indicates extending the treatment cycle beyond the residual effectiveness of the acaricide to save labor or funds would be false economy. The result could be to maintain the tick population indefinitely, with an accompanying increase in long-term control costs. Simulations 2 and 3 indicate that eradication is possible if response is prompt and the treatment cycle is less than the period of residual effectiveness of the acaricide used. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Popham, T W AU - Garris, G I AU - Barré, N AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74075, USA. Y1 - 1996/07/23/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 23 SP - 452 EP - 465 VL - 791 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cattle Diseases KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Larva KW - Population Dynamics KW - Climate KW - Caribbean Region KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ticks -- physiology KW - Computer Simulation KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Ticks -- growth & development KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78299873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+computer+model+of+the+population+dynamics+of+Amblyomma+variegatum+and+simulations+of+eradication+strategies+for+use+in+the+Caribbean.&rft.au=Popham%2C+T+W%3BGarris%2C+G+I%3BBarr%C3%A9%2C+N&rft.aulast=Popham&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-07-23&rft.volume=791&rft.issue=&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Puerto Rico tick program. Potential conversion to an integrated pest management program. AN - 78299662; 8784490 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Bokma, B H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Y1 - 1996/07/23/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 23 SP - 94 EP - 99 VL - 791 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pheromones KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Anaplasmosis -- prevention & control KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Babesiosis -- transmission KW - Babesiosis -- prevention & control KW - Cattle KW - Anaplasmosis -- transmission KW - Puerto Rico KW - Geography KW - Species Specificity KW - Cattle Diseases KW - Tick-Borne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Tick-Borne Diseases -- veterinary KW - Tick Control -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78299662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Puerto+Rico+tick+program.+Potential+conversion+to+an+integrated+pest+management+program.&rft.au=Bokma%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Bokma&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-07-23&rft.volume=791&rft.issue=&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli detected in foods by PCR and an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide probe. AN - 78417754; 8854176 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide probe hybridization assay were developed for the detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in ground beef, chicken, pork and raw milk. Two synthetic primers, one of which was biotinylated, were used in the PCR to amplify a fragment of the E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) gene. The identity of the amplified products was confirmed by liquid hybridization using a horseradish peroxidase-linked internal oligonucleotide probe in a 96-well microplate coated with streptavidin. The final quantitation of the PCR products was performed by a colorimetric reaction. Under established conditions (including 1 min at 60 degrees C for primer annealing and extension in PCR cycles), this method detected all 7 LT-producing E. coli pathogenic for humans, but did not detect all 7 LT-positive E. coli of animal origin 3 E. coli strains that do not produce LT, and 9 other bacteria. Under less stringent PCR conditions (55 degrees C for annealing and extension), 2 strains of LT-producing E. coli of porcine origin were detected while the results of other bacterial strains remained unchanged. In pure cultures, the detection limit of the method was 1.4 colony forming units (CFU). Prior to PCR amplification, all food samples inoculated with an LT-producing ETEC, were subjected to enrichment in brain heart infusion broth for 8 h at 37 degrees C. From these cultures, 10 microliters was heated at 95 degrees C for 10 min and directly used in the PCR. An initial inoculum of as few as 1.2 to 12 CFU of the LT-producing ETEC per 25 g (or ml) of food sample gave a positive reaction. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Deng, M Y AU - Cliver, D O AU - Day, S P AU - Fratamico, P M AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 217 EP - 229 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Enterotoxins KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Oligonucleotide Probes KW - heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- pathogenicity KW - Enterotoxins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78417754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+detected+in+foods+by+PCR+and+an+enzyme-linked+oligonucleotide+probe.&rft.au=Deng%2C+M+Y%3BCliver%2C+D+O%3BDay%2C+S+P%3BFratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Deng&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative subchronic toxicity studies of nixtamalized and water-extracted Fusarium moniliforme culture material. AN - 78271886; 8761355 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum and other Fusarium species, which are commonly found on corn, cause a variety of species-specific toxicoses, and have been linked to human oesophageal cancer in areas of southern Africa and China where corn is a dietary staple. The effect of nixtamalization, the process by which masa flour is produced by alkaline hydrolysis of corn, on the organ-specific toxicity of F. moniliforme culture material containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) was studied and the effectiveness of nixtamalization and water extraction for detoxifying culture material was compared. Male rats (n = 10/group) were fed diets containing 5% culture material equivalent weights of nixtamalized culture material (NX diet) providing 58 ppm hydrolysed FB1 but no FB1, water-extracted culture material (WE diet) providing 8 ppm FB1, or untreated culture material (CM diet) providing 71 ppm FB1 for 4 wk. An additional control group was fed a diet containing sound seed corn. Serum chemical and histopathological findings confirmed that the nixtamalized culture material was hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. Hepatopathy was found in all rats fed the NX or CM diets. The lesions were qualitatively similar in these two groups, but were noticeably less severe in rats fed the NX diet. In contrast, only one rat fed the WE diet exhibited mild hepatopathy. Mild-to-moderate nephropathy resembling that induced by FB1 was found in all rats fed the NX, WE or CM diet. Thus, the organ-specific effects of nixtamalized culture material, containing no detectable FB1, were similar to those of the FB1-containing diet prepared from untreated culture material. Furthermore, nixtamalization was not as effective as water extraction as a detoxification method. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Voss, K A AU - Bacon, C W AU - Meredith, F I AU - Norred, W P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens GA 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 623 EP - 632 VL - 34 IS - 7 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Adrenal Glands -- drug effects KW - Flour -- toxicity KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Adrenal Glands -- pathology KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Zea mays -- parasitology KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78271886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Comparative+subchronic+toxicity+studies+of+nixtamalized+and+water-extracted+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material.&rft.au=Voss%2C+K+A%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supercritical fluid extraction of volatile N-nitrosamines in fried bacon and its drippings: method comparison. AN - 78177432; 8757448 AB - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), known animal carcinogens, are consistently formed in bacon during frying. As a result, commercial bacon has been subject to regulatory monitoring and compliance for the past 20 years to ensure that N-nitrosamines do not exceed the 10 ppb volatile level. Currently, time-consuming distillation-solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods are used for this purpose. With an emphasis on reducing solvent use, we investigated supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for isolation of volatile nitrosamines common to fried bacon. Eighteen fried bacon samples were analyzed for NPYR and NDMA by SFE, SPE, mineral oil distillation (MOD), and low-temperature vacuum distillation (LTVD) methods, using the same gas chromatographic-chemiluminescence detection (thermal energy analyzer) conditions. The range of values for SFE was 0.7 to 20.2 ppb for NPYR and none detected (ND) to 2.4 ppb for NDMA. Analysis of variance of the NPYR data showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between SFE and SPE results and significant differences between these and those obtained by MOD and LTVD. Overall, SFE was superior to the other methods with the highest recoveries, best repeatability, rapidity of analysis, and solvent-sparing characteristics. Similar results were obtained for SFE after comparison with distillation and SPE methods for determining the same nitrosamines in fried bacon drippings. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Fiddler, W AU - Pensabene, J W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 895 EP - 901 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Nitroso Compounds KW - Solvents KW - 4-nitrosodimethylaniline KW - 138-89-6 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine KW - SZ4J5WK201 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Solvents -- chemistry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Carbon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Reference Standards KW - Food Handling KW - Food Contamination KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Nitroso Compounds -- metabolism KW - Nitroso Compounds -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine -- analysis KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78177432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Supercritical+fluid+extraction+of+volatile+N-nitrosamines+in+fried+bacon+and+its+drippings%3A+method+comparison.&rft.au=Fiddler%2C+W%3BPensabene%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Fiddler&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of a steam-vacuum sanitizer for reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated to beef carcass surface tissue. AN - 78168534; 8679145 AB - A steam-vacuum sanitizer reduced aerobic plate counts associated with bovine faecal contamination from 5.5 log10 cfu cm-2 to 3.0 +/- 0.21 log10 cfu cm-2 on beef carcass short plates. The same beef carcass short plates inoculated with 7.6 +/- 0.09 log10 cfu cm-2 Escherichia coli O157:H7 in faeces, yielded an average residual level of E. coli O157:H7 of 2.1 +/- 0.21 log10 cfu cm-2, after steam-vacuum treatments. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a steam-vacuum sanitizer for removing E. coli O157:H7 from beef carcasses. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 61 EP - 63 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Steam KW - 0 KW - Biotechnology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Vacuum KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78168534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+steam-vacuum+sanitizer+for+reducing+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+inoculated+to+beef+carcass+surface+tissue.&rft.au=Dorsa%2C+W+J%3BCutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Dorsa&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linkage among genes responsible for fumonisin biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A. AN - 78144856; 8779596 AB - Most naturally occurring strains of the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A produce high levels of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1), which is oxygenated at both carbons C-5 and C-10. Some strains, however, produce only FB2 or FB3, suggesting that they lack the ability to hydroxylate position C-10 or C-5, respectively. Genetic analysis indicates that these different phenotypes are due to single gene defects at closely linked loci designated fum2 and fum3. Further allellism tests indicate that both fum2 and fum3 are closely linked to fum1, a previously identified gene that regulates fumonisin production. The recovery frequency of FB1-producing progency from cross 510 between fum1 and fum2 mutations suggests a map distance of approximately 6.2 cM between these two loci. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of parents and progeny of cross 510 was employed to confirm that the FB1-producing strains are recombinant progeny. We conclude that fum1, fum2, and fum3 constitute a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster on chromosome 1 of the restriction fragment length-map of G. fujikuroi. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Proctor, R H AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 2571 EP - 2576 VL - 62 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Molecular Structure KW - Genotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Multigene Family KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Genetic Linkage KW - Mycotoxins -- genetics KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Gibberella -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78144856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Linkage+among+genes+responsible+for+fumonisin+biosynthesis+in+Gibberella+fujikuroi+mating+population+A.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BProctor%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1991 Aug 5;266(22):14486-90 [1860857] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2410-2 [1768112] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):37-45 [1513373] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1992 May-Jun;5(3):249-56 [1421511] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Sep;58(9):2799-805 [1444389] Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;392:165-73 [8850615] Mycopathologia. 1993 Nov;124(2):99-104 [8008046] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2365-71 [7793957] Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Nov 11;23(21):4407-14 [7501463] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 20;93(4):1418-22 [8643646] Genetics. 1996 May;143(1):175-89 [8722773] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;57(3):595-604 [8246841] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root distribution and seasonal water status in weathered granitic bedrock under chaparral AN - 52809168; 1996-064293 AB - Soils in mountainous terrain are often thin and unable to store sufficient water to support existing vegetation through dry seasons. This observation has led to speculation about the role of bedrock in supporting plant growth in natural ecosystems, since weathered bedrocks often have appreciable porosity and, like soil, can store and transmit water. This study, within a chaparral ecosystem in southern California, was designed to determine the extent of rooting within weathered granitic bedrock and to measure the relative contributions of soil and weathered bedrock to water-use by chaparral shrubs (Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook and Arn., Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw., and Ceanothus greggii A. Gray). The rooting pattern was mapped from the wall of a trench excavated into the weathered bedrock. Water contents of soil-weathered bedrock profiles were measured at one to four week intervals for two years using a neutron probe. Chaparral roots penetrate deeply (> or =4 m) into the weathered bedrock and are largely confined to joint traces. During summer dry seasons, the shrubs extracted 39.4 cm of water from a 2.9-m-thick zone of weathered bedrock --accessing nearly ten times as much water as from the 0.35-m-thick soil (Typic Xerorthents). Although it is commonly neglected in ecological inventories and analyses, weathered bedrock can be an essential ecosystem component, particularly where soils are thin and seasonal drought occurs. JF - Geoderma AU - Sternberg, P D AU - Anderson, M A AU - Graham, R C AU - Beyers, J L AU - Tice, K R Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 89 EP - 98 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 72 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - igneous rocks KW - granites KW - characterization KW - chaparral KW - ecosystems KW - vegetation KW - California KW - mountains KW - plutonic rocks KW - weathered materials KW - water regimes KW - ecology KW - horizons KW - soils KW - bedrock KW - Plantae KW - pedogenesis KW - experimental studies KW - roots KW - Riverside County California KW - weathering KW - San Jacinto Mountains KW - Southern California KW - parent materials KW - seasonal variations KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52809168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Root+distribution+and+seasonal+water+status+in+weathered+granitic+bedrock+under+chaparral&rft.au=Sternberg%2C+P+D%3BAnderson%2C+M+A%3BGraham%2C+R+C%3BBeyers%2C+J+L%3BTice%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Sternberg&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedrock; California; chaparral; characterization; ecology; ecosystems; experimental studies; field studies; granites; horizons; igneous rocks; mountains; parent materials; pedogenesis; Plantae; plutonic rocks; Riverside County California; roots; San Jacinto Mountains; seasonal variations; soils; Southern California; United States; vegetation; water regimes; weathered materials; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil development on moraines of Mendenhall Glacier, Southeast Alaska; 2, Chemical transformations and soil micromorphology AN - 52805082; 1996-064288 AB - Soils on Holocene-age moraines of the Mendenhall Glacier in southeast Alaska range from morphologically undeveloped to soils having field-identified spodic horizons that are more strongly expressed with increasing soil age. A soil chronosequence was sampled to study development of spodic features and to compare the expression of these features with chemical and micromorphological properties. Organic C accumulates rapidly in these soils, with O horizons forming within 38 yr. Organic C is highly correlated with cation exchange capacity (R (super 2) = 0.92), variable charge (R (super 2) = 0.94), extractable acidity (R (super 2) = 0.83), and 1500-kPa water retention (R (super 2) = 0.97). The pH of the 10-yr old pedon is acidic with a soil pH (H (sub 2) O) ranging from 5.0 to 6.4. The pH decreases with soil age, with the lowest pH in horizons at the organic/mineral contact. Increases in dithionite-citrate, sodium pyrophosphate, and acid-oxalate extractable Fe (Fe (sub o) ) are most evident in the >240-yr old soil. Depth trends for these measured properties within pedons are most distinctive for Fe (sub o) which increases from surface mineral horizons (A or E) to underlying horizons in all pedons. The Fe (sub o) /Fe (sub d) ratio increases with soil age in B horizons, and in pedons > or =70 yr, this ratio ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 in the E horizons and from 0.4 to 0.83 in B horizons immediately below. These data indicate a greater proportion of poorly crystalline Fe in illuvial horizons with increasing soil age. Allophane content is low (240-yr old pedon. This chronosequence study indicates that spodic development is achieved within a relatively short period of time in soils of this region. JF - Geoderma AU - Burt, R AU - Alexander, E B Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 19 EP - 36 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 72 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - carbon KW - moraines KW - chronosequences KW - chemical properties KW - organic carbon KW - chemical composition KW - Mendenhall Glacier KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - pedogenesis KW - Quaternary KW - micromorphology KW - Southeastern Alaska KW - glaciers KW - Spodosols KW - pedons KW - organic compounds KW - Neoglacial KW - parent materials KW - Alaska KW - transformations KW - SEM data KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52805082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Soil+development+on+moraines+of+Mendenhall+Glacier%2C+Southeast+Alaska%3B+2%2C+Chemical+transformations+and+soil+micromorphology&rft.au=Burt%2C+R%3BAlexander%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to Part 1, see Alexander, E. B., and Burt, R., Geoderma, Vol. 72, p. 1, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; carbon; Cenozoic; chemical composition; chemical properties; chronosequences; geochemistry; glaciers; Holocene; Mendenhall Glacier; micromorphology; moraines; Neoglacial; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; parent materials; pedogenesis; pedons; pH; Quaternary; SEM data; soils; Southeastern Alaska; Spodosols; transformations; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of snowmelt hydrology to climate change AN - 16104929; 4204172 AB - In mountainous regions where the accumulation and melt of seasonal snow cover are important for runoff production, the timing and quantity of water supply could be strongly affected by regional climate change, particularly altered temperature and precipitation regimes. In this paper, the hydrological response to climate change scenarios is examined using a semi-distributed snowmelt runoff model. The model represents an improvement over simple temperature-based models, in that it incorporates the net radiation into the snowpack. Thus it takes into account the basin's topography and slope orientation when computing snowmelt. In general, a warmer climate is expected to shift snowmelt earlier into the winter and spring, decreasing summer runoff. The effects of other potential climate changes (such as precipitation and cloudiness patterns) are explored. The uncertainties in these predictions are discussed. JF - Water, Air and Soil Pollution AU - Brubaker, K L AU - Rango, A AD - USDA ARS Hydrol. Lab., BARC-W Bldg. 007 Rm. 104, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - Jul 1996 SP - 335 EP - 343 VL - 90 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - melt water KW - meltwater KW - snowmelt KW - stream flow KW - streamflow KW - water supply KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - hydrology KW - Freshwater KW - climatic changes KW - mountains KW - snow KW - runoff KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16104929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Response+of+snowmelt+hydrology+to+climate+change&rft.au=Brubaker%2C+K+L%3BRango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Brubaker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; water supply; mountains; runoff; melt water; snow; stream flow; climatic changes; snowmelt; streamflow; meltwater; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cropping and fallowing sequences of small farms in the "terra firme" landscape of the Brazilian Amazon: A case study from Santarem, Para AN - 16042458; 4092006 AB - This paper analyzes field survey results and develops a conceptual model of the factors that influence cropping and fallowing practices on small farms in the terra firme landscape near Santarem, Brazil. A multi-fallow cultivation system that used rice, corn and bitter manioc in various relay-intercropping combinations was the most common cultivation practice observed. Five different types of fallow vegetation were identified and used by the farmers: (1) mature forest vegetation greater than 20 years old; (2) secondary forest vegetation 8 to 12 years old; (3) young secondary forest vegetation 3 to 6 years old; (4) brushy vegetation 2 to 4 years old; and (5) weed vegetation less than 2 years old. Distinct relay-intercropping sequences were associated with each of these fallows. We suggest that the selection of fallow length and cropping sequence is subject to the following general constraints: (1) the productivity of the landscape as determined by soil, water and climate; (2) ecological requirements and risks associated with particular crops; (3) land availability and the costs of site preparation, and cultural treatments; (4) the availability of hired labor; (5) the age structure of the families, their subsistence requirements and preferences for particular crops, leisure and non-farm-related production activities; and (6) local economic conditions including land values, access to credit and non-farm-related employment, and the conditions of commodity markets. To maximize agricultural production and general household utility given these constraints, the farmers have several options, including: (1) varying the length of fallows; (2) varying the types and sequences of crops that are planted following a given fallow; (3) modifying the clearing and cultivation practices; (4) improving subsequent yields by managing regeneration within a fallow; (5) developing diversified land use systems that contain combinations of pasture, perennials, semi-permanent annuals, areas of extractive reserves and true shifting cultivation; and (6) increasing production through the use of external inputs like fertilizer, irrigation and farm machinery. Most farmers in the study area have chosen to modify cropping sequences and vary the lengths of natural fallows rather than using expensive external inputs. Our data suggest that a major factor in selecting a fallow length is the cost of land clearance and preparation. Moreover, since clearing costs are dramatically reduced for young secondary vegetation, the reduction in site preparation costs over several short rotations compensates for the lost production caused by using short fallows instead of long fallows. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Scatena, F N AU - Walker, R T AU - Oyama Homma, AK AU - De Conto, AJ AU - Palheta Ferreira, CA AU - De Amorim Carvalho, R AU - Neves da Rocha, ACP AU - Moreira dos Santos, AI AU - Mourao de Oliveira, P Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - Jul 1996 SP - 29 EP - 40 VL - 18 IS - 1 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - crop rotation KW - agricultural practices KW - Brazil KW - fallowing KW - land use KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16042458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Cropping+and+fallowing+sequences+of+small+farms+in+the+%22terra+firme%22+landscape+of+the+Brazilian+Amazon%3A+A+case+study+from+Santarem%2C+Para&rft.au=Scatena%2C+F+N%3BWalker%2C+R+T%3BOyama+Homma%2C+AK%3BDe+Conto%2C+AJ%3BPalheta+Ferreira%2C+CA%3BDe+Amorim+Carvalho%2C+R%3BNeves+da+Rocha%2C+ACP%3BMoreira+dos+Santos%2C+AI%3BMourao+de+Oliveira%2C+P&rft.aulast=Scatena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimality and nitrogen allocation in a tree canopy AN - 16000921; 4077029 AB - Physical and functional properties of foliage were measured at a variety of microsites in a broad-leaved Nothofagus fusca (Hook. f.) Orst. canopy. The light climate of the foliage at these sites was monitored for 39 days in the late spring and early summer with in situ sensors. Foliage nitrogen content (N), mean leaf angle, and gas exchange characteristics were all correlated with the amount of light reaching the microsites during foliage development. Foliage N content on a leaf area basis ranged between similar to 1 and 2.5 g N m super(-2) and was highest at the brightest sites. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates ranged between similar to 4 and 9 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1), increasing from the darkest to brightest sites. A biochemical model of photosynthesis was fitted to foliage characteristics at the different microsites and used to integrate foliage assimilation among the sites over 39 days. The actual arrangement of foliage physiological characteristics in the observed microsites led to higher total canopy rates of net assimilation than >99% of the combinations of observed foliage characteristics randomly assigned to the observed microsites. Additional simulations first related the maximum rates of electron transport (J sub(max)), ribulose bisphosphate turnover (V sub(c,max)), and dark respiration (R sub(d)) of Nothofagus fusca foliage to nitrogen content and then allowed foliage N (and consequently leaf gas exchange characteristics) to vary across the canopy. The observed N allocation pattern results in greater total canopy assimilation than uniform or >99% of the simulations with random distributions of N among the microsites (constrained so that the total N allocated was equivalent to that observed in the microsites). However, the observed pattern of N allocation places less N in the brightest microsites and results in substantially less total assimilation than a simulated canopy in which N was allocated in an optimal manner where the N distribution is such that the partial derivative of leaf assimilation (A) with respect to leaf nitrogen content, partial differential A/ partial differential N, is constant among microsites. These results suggest that other factors such as wind or herbivory reduce the integrated assimilation of high-N foliage relatively more than lower-N foliage and that a partial differential A/ partial differential N optimality criteria based only on formulations of leaf gas exchange overestimate canopy assimilation. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Hollinger, D Y AD - USDA Forest Serv., PO Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - Jul 1996 SP - 627 EP - 634 VL - 16 IS - 7 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - photosynthesis KW - Nothofagus fusca KW - light penetration KW - canopies KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16000921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Optimality+and+nitrogen+allocation+in+a+tree+canopy&rft.au=Hollinger%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Hollinger&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nothofagus fusca; canopies; light penetration; models; photosynthesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dichloromethane attracts diabroticite larvae in a laboratory behavioral bioassay AN - 15901163; 4033283 AB - A two-choice laboratory behavioral bioassay was used to demonstrate that dichloromethane elicits the dose-dependent attraction of second-instar western and southern corn rootworms. Preliminary data suggest that second-instar banded cucumber beetles are also attracted to dichloromethane. An eluotropic series of 10 materials, including distilled water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethyl dichloroacetate, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, benzene, hexadecane, and hexane, was tested for attraction of western corn rootworm larvae. Dichloromethane was the only one attractive at all doses tested, and orthogonal comparisons revealed a quadratic trend (convex) for responses of larvae to increasing dose. Benzene and hexadecane also attracted larvae, but significantly fewer than dichloromethane, and only at three doses and one dose, respectively. Orthogonal comparisons revealed no linear or quadratic trend for responses of larvae to increasing doses of either compound. Dichloromethane is the first organic compound demonstrated to attract western corn rootworm larvae in the absence of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide has previously been reported to attract western corn rootworm larvae either independently or when combined with other organic compounds, and the sensitivity of our bioassay was tested by demonstrating the dose-dependent attraction of western corn rootworm larvae to carbonated water as a carbon dioxide source. We have also demonstrated the attraction of southern corn rootworm larvae to carbon dioxide and propose that carbon dioxide and dichloromethane behave analogously when they interact with chemoreceptor sites on larvae. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Jewett, D K AU - Bjostad, L B AD - USDA-ARS, Insect Biol. and Population, Manage. Res. Lab., PO Box 748 Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - Jul 1996 SP - 1331 EP - 1344 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - larvae KW - laboratories KW - Coleoptera KW - dichloromethane KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - attraction KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - orientation KW - Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi KW - host searching behavior KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15901163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Dichloromethane+attracts+diabroticite+larvae+in+a+laboratory+behavioral+bioassay&rft.au=Jewett%2C+D+K%3BBjostad%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Jewett&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; orientation; attraction; larvae; host searching behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accounting for connectivity and spatial correlation in the optimal placement of wildlife habitat AN - 15869559; 4025895 AB - This paper investigates optimization approaches to simultaneously modelling habitat fragmentation and spatial correlation between patch populations. The problem is formulated with habitat connectivity affecting population means and variances, with spatial correlations accounted for in covariance calculations. Population with a pre-specified confidence level is then maximized in nonlinear programs that define habitat patches as circles (fixed shape) or rectangles (variable shape). The ideas and model formulations are demonstrated in a case example with a maximum of four habitat patches. Spatial layout of habitat is strongly sensitive to species dispersal characteristics and the spatial correlation structure resulting from different environmental disturbance agents. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Hof, J AU - Flather, CH AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - Jul 1996 SP - 143 EP - 155 VL - 88 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - spatial distribution KW - conservation KW - wildlife management KW - habitat fragmentation KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15869559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Accounting+for+connectivity+and+spatial+correlation+in+the+optimal+placement+of+wildlife+habitat&rft.au=Hof%2C+J%3BFlather%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Hof&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; habitat fragmentation; spatial distribution; wildlife management; conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of polygalacturonase from the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta AN - 15813552; 3998338 AB - Two extracellular isoenzymes of polygalacturonase, isolated from the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta, were purified 342-fold by Mono S cation-exchange chromatography. The temperature optimum ranged from 25 degree C to 37 degree C, and the pH optimum ranged from 3.2 to 3.9. Apparent pI values of the isoenzymes (3.2 and 3.4) were lower than any previously reported. The estimated molecular mass from a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was 34 kDa. Isoenzymes of polygalacturonase in native PAGE and isoelectric focusing gels were identified by substrate/agar overlays (zymograms). Comparison of viscosity reduction rates with release of reducing sugars indicated that the enzyme from P. placenta is endoacting. The objective of this study was to isolate polygalacturonase from the brown-rot fungus P. placenta and characterize the properties of the enzyme. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Clausen, CA AU - Green, F III AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - Jul 1996 SP - 750 EP - 754 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Postia placenta KW - polygalacturonase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - cation-exchange chromatography KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15813552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+polygalacturonase+from+the+brown-rot+fungus+Postia+placenta&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA%3BGreen%2C+F+III&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cation-exchange chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field and laboratory responses of adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) to kairomones produced by white-tailed deer AN - 15793125; 3991507 AB - In a field test, adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, of both sexes exhibited an arrestant response to substances associated with external glands on the legs of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), their principal host. Substances rubbed from the pelage covering tarsal and interdigital glands were applied to artificial vantage points simulating vegetation on which I. scapularis adults for host contact. A combination of tarsal substances (applied to the apex of the simulated vantage point) and interdigital gland substances (applied to the horizontal base) elicited a greater response than either treatment alone. A minimal response was observed on untreated vantage points. In laboratory bioassays using glass tubing as vantage points, substances associated with preorbital glands of deer elicited a strong arrestant response among I. scapularis females, whereas samples rubbed from the forehead, back, and a nonglandular area on deer tarsi evoked weak arrestant responses. These results support the hypothesis that the kairomonal properties of host-generated residues, either in conjunction with or in lieu of the effects of carbon dioxide, help account for the prevalence of host-seeking ticks along animal trails. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Carroll, J F AU - Mills, GD Jr AU - Schmidtmann, E T AD - Parasite Biol. and Epidemiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - Jul 1996 SP - 640 EP - 644 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Ixodidae KW - host-parasite interactions KW - kairomones KW - Acari KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Y 25652:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15793125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+and+laboratory+responses+of+adult+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+to+kairomones+produced+by+white-tailed+deer&rft.au=Carroll%2C+J+F%3BMills%2C+GD+Jr%3BSchmidtmann%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=640&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; Odocoileus virginianus; Acari; kairomones; host-parasite interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of low-density gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations by mating disruption with pheromone AN - 15789103; 3993349 AB - This four-year study demonstrated that low-density populations of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were effectively suppressed by annual aerial application of 75 g of racemic disparlure per hectare formulated in plastic laminate flakes. These tests also showed that, when plots were treated with 150 g of pheromone per hectare in 1990 only and left untreated for the following three years, populations continued to be suppressed in 1991-1993 as compared with the controls. Although none of the plots were treated in 1994, population assessment continued and showed that the gypsy moth population density remained low in the plots that had been treated annually for the preceding four years. The laminate flakes released an average of 0.48 g disparlure per day per hectare from each of the two applications in 1990, and 0.72 g per day per hectare from the single application in each of the following three years (1991-1993). Only 27-40% of the applied pheromone dose was emitted during male moth flight. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Leonhardt, BA AU - Mastro, V C AU - Leonard, D S AU - McLane, W AU - Reardon, R C AU - Thorpe, K W AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - Jul 1996 SP - 1255 EP - 1272 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - mating disruption KW - USA KW - pest control KW - sex pheromone KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15789103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Control+of+low-density+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+populations+by+mating+disruption+with+pheromone&rft.au=Leonhardt%2C+BA%3BMastro%2C+V+C%3BLeonard%2C+D+S%3BMcLane%2C+W%3BReardon%2C+R+C%3BThorpe%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Leonhardt&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; USA; mating disruption; sex pheromone; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) involves Rubisco activase Trp16. AN - 78171966; 8679566 AB - The role of the N-terminal region of tobacco Rubisco activase in ATP hydrolysis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activation was examined by construction of mutant proteins. Deletion of the first 50 amino acids of Rubisco activase almost completely eliminated the ability to activate Rubisco, without changing the ATP-hydrolyzing and self-associating properties of the enzyme. Thus, the N-terminus of Rubisco activase is distinct from the ATP-hydrolyzing domain and is required for Rubisco activation. Directed mutagenesis of the species-invariant tryptophan residue at position 16 inhibited Rubisco activation but not the binding or hydrolysis of ATP. The ability to activate Rubisco was less severely inhibited when Trp was replaced by a Tyr or Phe than by an Ala or Cys, indicating that an aromatic residue at position 16 and particularly a Trp is required for proper activation of Rubisco. Fluorescence quenching of the 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-modified W16C mutant upon addition of nucleotide suggested that position 16 becomes more solvent accessible in response to nucleotide binding. However, changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of truncated and Trp16 mutants upon addition of ATP were similar to those of the wild type, evidence that Trp16 is not the residue reporting the conformational change that accompanies subunit association. JF - Biochemistry AU - van de Loo, F J AU - Salvucci, M E AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona 85040-8830, USA. Y1 - 1996/06/25/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jun 25 SP - 8143 EP - 8148 VL - 35 IS - 25 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Plant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - rca protein, plant KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.39 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Fluorometry KW - Tryptophan -- metabolism KW - Hydrolysis KW - Tryptophan -- genetics KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- genetics KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78171966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Activation+of+ribulose-1%2C5-biphosphate+carboxylase%2Foxygenase+%28Rubisco%29+involves+Rubisco+activase+Trp16.&rft.au=van+de+Loo%2C+F+J%3BSalvucci%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=van+de+Loo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-06-25&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=8143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The USDA Forest Service pesticide spray behavior and application development program--an overview. AN - 78369189; 8827618 AB - The USDA Forest Service, even though a minor user of pesticides, has maintained an active program for understanding the performance, atomization, evaporation, efficacy, environmental fate, atmospheric dispersion, and environmental impact of chemical and biological insecticides. Since its self-imposed ban on use of dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) in 1964, the USDA Forest Service has pursued insecticides that are less persistent and have reduced potential for impact on nontarget organisms, application technology that supports their efficient and efficacious use, and computer models that predict insecticide fate in the environment. This program has been active over the last 3 decades, beginning with research for chemical insecticide substitutes for DDT, progressing in time to biological insecticides and other biorational control agents. In our effort to make the less persistent insecticides work under forestry conditions, it was necessary to investigate insecticide monitoring, detection, and sampling methods; application systems; atmospheric influences; tank mixes and adjuvants; nozzles and atomization; evaporation; spray deposition and canopy penetration; biological response; and environmental fate. This paper reviews some of this work that might be applicable to mosquito control. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Barry, J W AD - USDA Forest Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 342 EP - 352 VL - 12 IS - 2 Pt 2 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - United States Department of Agriculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78369189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=The+USDA+Forest+Service+pesticide+spray+behavior+and+application+development+program--an+overview.&rft.au=Barry%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2+Pt+2&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric stability and the dispersion of pesticides. AN - 78359241; 8827620 AB - Applicators have long recognized that temperature inversions dramatically influence the behavior of pesticide material released into the atmosphere during pesticide application. This behavior can be explained in terms of the relationship between vertical atmospheric temperature gradients (stability) and atmospheric mixing (turbulence). This relationship is not intuitively obvious, but once it is understood, it provides the applicator with a tool to use for anticipating pesticide drift potential. The term inversion is synonymous with a stable thermal layer in the atmosphere. In stable thermal layers, mixing is suppressed and both dispersion and translation (or mean movement) of material is slow. This is typical of clear nights. Conversely, under clear, sunny conditions mixing is strong and dispersion is rapid. This situation indicates an unstable thermal layer. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Thistle, H W AD - Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, Ft. Missoula, MT 59801, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 359 EP - 363 VL - 12 IS - 2 Pt 2 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Temperature KW - Humidity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78359241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+stability+and+the+dispersion+of+pesticides.&rft.au=Thistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Thistle&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2+Pt+2&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase in castor microsomes using the putative substrate, 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. AN - 78301847; 8784737 AB - We have characterized the oleoyl-12-hydroxylase in the microsomal fraction of immature castor bean using the putative substrate, 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (2-oleoyl-PC). Previous characterizations of this enzyme used oleoyl-CoA as substrate and relied on the enzyme transferring oleate from oleoyl-CoA to lysophosphatidylcholine to form 2-oleoyl-PC (acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase) in addition to oleoyl-12-hydroxylase. The present assay system and characterization use 2-oleoyl-PC as substrate (oleoyl-12-hydroxylase alone). Use of the actual substrate for assay purposes is important for the eventual purification of the oleoyl-12-hydroxylase. Ricinoleate (product of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase) and linoleate (product of oleoyl-12-desaturase) were identified as metabolites of oleate of 2-oleoyl-PC by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The activity of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase in the microsomal fraction reached a peak about 44 d after anthesis of castor, while the activity of oleoyl-12-desaturase reached a peak about 23 d after anthesis. The optimal temperature for the oleoyl-12-hydroxylase was about 22.5 degrees C, and the optimal pH was 6.3. Catalase stimulated oleoyl-12-hydroxylase while bovine serum albumin and CoA did not activate oleoyl-12-hydroxylase. The phosphatidylcholine analogue, oleoyloxyethyl phosphocholine, inhibited the activity of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase. These results further support the hypothesis that the actual substrate of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase is 2-oleoyl-PC. JF - Lipids AU - Lin, J T AU - McKeon, T A AU - Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M AU - Stafford, A E AD - WRRC, ARS, USDA, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 571 EP - 577 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - Magnesium Chloride KW - 02F3473H9O KW - NAD KW - 0U46U6E8UK KW - Oleic Acid KW - 2UMI9U37CP KW - NADP KW - 53-59-8 KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - phosphatidylcholine 12-monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.13.26 KW - Index Medicus KW - NAD -- metabolism KW - Oleic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - NADP -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Magnesium Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- pharmacology KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Ricinus -- ultrastructure KW - Ricinus -- enzymology KW - Phosphatidylcholines -- metabolism KW - Microsomes -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78301847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+oleoyl-12-hydroxylase+in+castor+microsomes+using+the+putative+substrate%2C+1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.&rft.au=Lin%2C+J+T%3BMcKeon%2C+T+A%3BGoodrich-Tanrikulu%2C+M%3BStafford%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urine delivery of cyromazine for suppressing house and stable flies (diptera: muscidae) in outdoor dairy calf hutches. AN - 78049215; 8642111 AB - In a series of 4 trials, dairy calves housed in outdoor hutches were administered technical cyromazine daily at rates of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg body weight. Cyromazine was excreted primarily in the urine. The 2 highest rates prevented the development of immature stages of both the house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Analysis of calf body tissues for cyromazine and its metabolite, melamine, indicated that highest combined residues ( < or = 0.35 ppm) were found in the kidney. Lower levels of residues were found in kidney fat and liver, and occasionally in round muscle. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Miller, R W AU - Schmidtmann, E T AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Clegg, C M AU - Herner, A E AU - Weber, H AD - Livestock Insects Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 689 EP - 694 VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Triazines KW - cyromazine KW - CA49Y29RA9 KW - melamine KW - N3GP2YSD88 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Population Density KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Triazines -- metabolism KW - Triazines -- urine KW - Insecticides -- urine KW - Muscidae KW - Triazines -- administration & dosage KW - Insect Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78049215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Urine+delivery+of+cyromazine+for+suppressing+house+and+stable+flies+%28diptera%3A+muscidae%29+in+outdoor+dairy+calf+hutches.&rft.au=Miller%2C+R+W%3BSchmidtmann%2C+E+T%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BClegg%2C+C+M%3BHerner%2C+A+E%3BWeber%2C+H&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisins: fungal toxins that shed light on sphingolipid function. AN - 77927346; 15157459 AB - Fumonisins are sphinganine analogues produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related fungi. They inhibit ceramide synthase and block the biosynthesis o f complex sphingolipids, promoting accumulation o f sphinganine and sphinganine 1 phosphate. Disruption o f sphingolipid metabolism by fumonisin B(1) alters cell-cell interactions, the behaviour o f cell-surface proteins, the activity o f protein kinases, the metabolism of other lipids, and cell growth and viability. This multitude of effects probably accounts for the toxicity and carcinogenicity of these mycotoxins. Naturally occurring inhibitors o f sphingolipid metabolism such as fumonisins are proving to be powerful tools for studying the diverse roles of sphingolipids in cell regulation and disease. JF - Trends in cell biology AU - Merrill, A H AU - Liotta, D C AU - Riley, R T AD - US Dept of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Athens, GA 30613, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 218 EP - 223 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 0962-8924, 0962-8924 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77927346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+cell+biology&rft.atitle=Fumonisins%3A+fungal+toxins+that+shed+light+on+sphingolipid+function.&rft.au=Merrill%2C+A+H%3BLiotta%2C+D+C%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+cell+biology&rft.issn=09628924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subaqueous soils; a pedological approach to the study of shallow-water habitats AN - 52732603; 1997-030785 JF - Estuaries AU - Demas, G P AU - Rabenhorst, M C AU - Stevenson, J C AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Ambrogio, Edward AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 229 EP - 237 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 19 IS - 2A SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - soils KW - shallow-water environment KW - sedimentation KW - mapping KW - distribution KW - spatial distribution KW - habitat KW - Sinepuxent Bay Maryland KW - sedimentation rates KW - sediments KW - Maryland KW - aquatic environment KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52732603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Subaqueous+soils%3B+a+pedological+approach+to+the+study+of+shallow-water+habitats&rft.au=Demas%2C+G+P%3BRabenhorst%2C+M+C%3BStevenson%2C+J+C%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Demas&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2A&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - First annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic environment; Atlantic Coastal Plain; distribution; habitat; mapping; Maryland; sedimentation; sedimentation rates; sediments; shallow-water environment; Sinepuxent Bay Maryland; soils; spatial distribution; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying soil variability in GIS applications; II, Spatial distribution of soil properties AN - 51602881; 2006-028694 JF - International Journal of Geographical Information Science AU - Rogowski, A S Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 455 EP - 475 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1365-8816, 1365-8816 KW - United States KW - soils KW - bulk density KW - Northumberland County Pennsylvania KW - agriculture KW - environmental analysis KW - variations KW - spatial distribution KW - physical properties KW - geographic information systems KW - drainage basins KW - chemical properties KW - information systems KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Pennsylvania KW - Mahantango Creek KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51602881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Geographical+Information+Science&rft.atitle=Quantifying+soil+variability+in+GIS+applications%3B+II%2C+Spatial+distribution+of+soil+properties&rft.au=Rogowski%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Rogowski&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Geographical+Information+Science&rft.issn=13658816&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13658816.asp LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; bulk density; chemical properties; drainage basins; environmental analysis; geographic information systems; hydraulic conductivity; information systems; Mahantango Creek; Northumberland County Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania; physical properties; soils; spatial distribution; United States; variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential margarine oils from genetically modified soybeans AN - 21331378; 11724702 AB - Genetically modified soybeans were processed into finished, refined, bleached, and deodorized oils. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Glyceride structure was characterized according to degree of unsaturation by high-performance liquid chromatography, lipase hydrolysis, and gas-liquid chromatography. Compared to common varieties with 15% saturated acids, genetically modified soybeans yielded oils containing 24--40% saturated acids. Several varieties were examined, including the Pioneer A-90, Hartz HS-1, and Iowa State A-6 lines. Pioneer A-90 contained 17% stearic acid, had a solid fat index (SFI) of 6.0 at 10°C (50°F) and zero from 21.1 to 40°C (70 to 104°F), and therefore lacked sufficient solids for tub-type margarine. To improve its plastic range, the Pioneer oil was blended with palm oil, randomized palm oil, or interesterified palm/soy trisaturate basestock. After blending with 10--40% of these components, the high-stearic acid oil had an SFI profile suitable for soft tube margarine. The A-6 varieties, 32--38% saturates, showed SFI profiles with sufficient solids at 10°C (50°F) and 21.1°C (70°F) to qualify as a stick-type margarine oil, but lacked sufficient solids at 33.3°C (92°F); however, after small amounts (2--3%) of cottonseed or soybean hardstocks were added, the A-6 oils qualified as stick margarine oil. The HS-1 variety, when blended with small amounts (2--3%) of hardstock, possessed sufficient solids at 10°--33.3°C (50--92°F) to prepare soft tub margarine oil. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - List, G R AU - Mounts, T L AU - Orthoefer, F AU - Neff, W E AD - Food Quality and Safety Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604-3902 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 729 EP - 732 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 73 IS - 6 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Stearic acid KW - Margarine KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Acids KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Oils KW - Plastics KW - Hydrolysis KW - Soybeans KW - G 07880:Human Genetics KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21331378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Potential+margarine+oils+from+genetically+modified+soybeans&rft.au=List%2C+G+R%3BMounts%2C+T+L%3BOrthoefer%2C+F%3BNeff%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=List&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02517948 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stearic acid; High-performance liquid chromatography; Triacylglycerol lipase; Margarine; Acids; Fatty acid composition; Oils; Plastics; Hydrolysis; Soybeans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02517948 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-structural carbohydrate reserves of eelgrass Zostera marina AN - 16436967; 4337092 AB - The high minimum light requirement of eelgrass Zostera marina L. suggests that this species has difficulty in maintaining a positive carbon balance except under high light conditions. The carbon balance of Z. marina can be studied by following seasonal changes in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves, however, little is known about the seasonal variation in NSC reserves in seagrasses or the influence of shading on NSC reserve content and distribution. Seasonal changes in eelgrass NSC reserves were measured in a shallow coastal lagoon, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland /Virginia, USA, near the southern edge of this species' distributional range. Concentrations of sugar varied seasonally in leaves, rhizomes and roots, with maximum concentrations occurring in the rhizomes. In contrast, starch concentrations did not vary with the season, but were highest in the roots. Seasonal peaks in rhizome NSC reserves parallel the spring and fall bimodal growth patterns observed for Z. marina in the region. Total NSC reserves change from an estimated 52 to 73 g m super(-2) in June to 4 to 18 g m super(-2) in January, or a decrease of 75 to 92%. Experimental shading for 3 wk in the spring reduced (p <0.001) sugar but not starch concentrations in leaves (48%), rhizomes (40%) and roots (51%). In addition, shading reduced (p <0.05) leaf biomass (34%), root and rhizome biomass (23%) and density (27%). Potential NSC reserve storage during shading was reduced by an estimated 66%. Spring appears to be an important time for both growth and storage of NSC reserves in Z. marina, and the NSC reserves are generally depleted throughout the remainder of the year. Turbidity during this springtime 'window of opportunity' may jeopardize subsequent survival as a result of inadequate NSC reserves to maintain a positive carbon balance during the rest of the year. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Burke, M K AU - Dennison, W C AU - Moore, KA AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., 2730 Savannah Hwy., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 195 EP - 201 VL - 137 IS - 1-3 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - biomass KW - carbohydrates KW - sea grasses KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Water temperature KW - Sea grasses KW - Biomass KW - Carbon KW - Carbohydrates KW - Zostera marina KW - Metabolism KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16436967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Non-structural+carbohydrate+reserves+of+eelgrass+Zostera+marina&rft.au=Burke%2C+M+K%3BDennison%2C+W+C%3BMoore%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Carbohydrates; Water temperature; Biomass; Metabolism; Sea grasses; Zostera marina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural by-products as metal adsorbents: Sorption properties and resistance to mechanical abrasion. AN - 16072651; 4103020 AB - Defatted rice bran, soybean and cottonseed hulls were evaluated for their sorption properties and resistance to mechanical abrasion in consideration of their potential use as commercial metal adsorbents. These by-products were evaluated using both laboratory prepared solutions and metal plating wastewater for their ability to adsorb Zn(II) and/or Cu(II) and Ni(II). Extrusion stabilized, pilot plant-prepared brans had greater adsorption capacities and adsorption efficiencies than expander stabilized, commercially available bran. All rice brans possessed low mechanical abrasion resistance in batch applications. NaOH- and HCl-washed soybean and cottonseed hulls had generally higher adsorption efficiencies than water-washed (control) hulls, but had higher or lower adsorption capacities, respectively, than water-washed hulls. Heat-treated cottonseed and soybean hulls had lower adsorption properties than water-washed hulls. Unlike rice bran, both soybean and cottonseed hulls were found to have high mechanical abrasion resistance in batch applications. Reuse of hulls after one adsorption/desorption (sorption) cycle resulted in a large decrease in adsorption capacity which classified hulls as single-use adsorbents when desorbed with HCl. (DBO) JF - Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology AU - Marshall, W E AU - Johns, M M AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 192 EP - 198 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0268-2575, 0268-2575 KW - hulls KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - metals KW - abrasion KW - wastewater treatment KW - seeds KW - Glycine max KW - Gossypium KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16072651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bottom+Line%3A+Managing+Library+Finances&rft.atitle=A+Couple+of+Miles+down+the+Road&rft.au=Maxymuk%2C+John&rft.aulast=Maxymuk&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Bottom+Line%3A+Managing+Library+Finances&rft.issn=0888045X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wastewater treatment; abrasion; metals; seeds; Gossypium; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of giant sequoia canopy foliage to elevated concentrations of atmospheric ozone AN - 16003156; 4077022 AB - We examined the physiological response of foliage in the upper third of the canopy of 125-year-old giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Buchholz.) trees to a 61-day exposure to 0.25x, 1x, 2x or 3x ambient ozone concentration. Four branch exposure chambers, one per ozone treatment, were installed on 1-m long secondary branches of each tree at a height of 34 m. No visible symptoms of foliar ozone damage were apparent throughout the 61-day exposure period and none of the ozone treatments affected branch growth. Despite the similarity in ozone concentrations in the branch chambers within a treatment, the trees exhibited different physiological responses to increasing ozone uptake. Differences in diurnal and seasonal patterns of g sub(s) among the trees led to a 2-fold greater ozone uptake in tree No. 2 compared with trees Nos. 1 and 3. Tree No. 3 had significantly higher CER and g sub(s) at 0.25x ambient ozone than trees Nos. 1 and 2, and g sub(s) and CER of tree No. 3 declined with increasing ozone uptake. The y-intercept of the regression for dark respiration versus ozone uptake was significantly lower for tree No. 2 than for trees Nos. 1 and 3. In the 0.25x and 1x ozone treatments, the chlorophyll concentration of current-year foliage of trees Nos. 1 and 2 was significantly higher than that of current-year foliage of tree No. 3. Chlorophyll concentration of current-year foliage on tree No. 1 did not decline with increasing ozone uptake. In all trees, total needle water potential decreased with increasing ozone uptake, but turgor was constant. Although tree No. 2 had the greatest ozone uptake, g sub(s) was highest and foliar chlorophyll concentration was lowest in tree No. 3 in the 0.25x and 1x ambient atmospheric ozone treatments. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Grulke, N E AU - Miller, PR AU - Scioli, D AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 575 EP - 581 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - ozone KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Sequoiadendron giganteum KW - ecophysiology KW - foliage KW - canopies KW - D 04803:Pollution effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16003156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Response+of+giant+sequoia+canopy+foliage+to+elevated+concentrations+of+atmospheric+ozone&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BMiller%2C+PR%3BScioli%2C+D&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sequoiadendron giganteum; canopies; foliage; ecophysiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the growth of American beech affected by beech bark disease in Maine using the Kalman filter AN - 15996566; 4076988 AB - The effect of beech bark disease on tree growth was tracked using paired resistant and susceptible American beech trees in two locations in Maine. Within each site, the paired trees were chosen in close proximity and with similar morphological characteristics (e.g. stem diameter and crown class) to minimize environment effects in subsequent analysis. A Kalman filter approach was employed to analyse the yearly time-dependent mean differences between paired susceptible and resistant tree-ring widths using simple structural time series models in state space form. On one site, under the influence of a moderate maritime climate, stand dynamics is hypothesized to account for the 34 year difference in onset of decline of trees in codominant, versus those in the intermediate crown classes. The harsher winter conditions associated with the second, more northerly site and known to limit the insect component of the disease complex, are hypothesized to be more of a factor in the close (six year) difference in decline onset between the two crown classes on this site. Some strengths and cautions in the Kalman filter approach are discussed in relation to the analysis of time-dependent trends in tree-ring series. JF - Environmental and Ecological Statistics AU - Gove, J H AU - Houston AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 167 EP - 187 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1352-8505, 1352-8505 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - dendrochronology KW - USA, Maine KW - growth KW - Fagus grandifolia KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+growth+of+American+beech+affected+by+beech+bark+disease+in+Maine+using+the+Kalman+filter&rft.au=Gove%2C+J+H%3BHouston&rft.aulast=Gove&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.issn=13528505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fagus grandifolia; USA, Maine; growth; dendrochronology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraspecific chloroplast DNA variation and biogeography of North American Liriodendron L. (Magnoliaceae) AN - 15952369; 4060637 AB - Restriction site variation in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was surveyed to analyze population dynamics in Liriodendron tulipifera L., a woody angiosperm found in eastern North America. Two cpDNA haplotypes, differing by the presence or absence of five restriction site changes (nucleotide sequence divergence estimated as approximately 0.15%) are geographically structured; 61 widespread populations possess the "northern" haplotype and three isolated populations of central Florida possess the "southern" haplotype. This geographic break in cpDNA distribution corresponds to patterns of geographic distribution revealed by a previous survey of allozyme variation, with the exception that analyses of allozyme data further divided the populations containing the northern cpDNA haplotype into two groups, a widespread upland group and a coastal intermediate group. Analyses of these two independent data sets together support the hypothesis that L. tulipifera survived the glacial advances of the Pleistocene in two distinct refugia, possibly as different taxa, and the intermediate coastal group was putatively formed from recent hybridizations between these entities. JF - Evolution AU - Sewell, M M AU - Parks, C R AU - Chase, M W AD - Inst. Forest Genet., Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Placerville, CA 95667, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 1147 EP - 1154 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0014-3820, 0014-3820 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - population genetics KW - USA, Florida KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - chloroplast DNA KW - biogeography KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15952369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Library+and+Information+Science&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+Web+2.0+tools+on+academic+libraries+in+Kenya&rft.au=Gichora%2C+Fred+Gochi%3BKwanya%2C+Tom&rft.aulast=Gichora&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Library+and+Information+Science&rft.issn=21412537&rft_id=info:doi/10.5897%2FIJLIS2014.0518 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liriodendron tulipifera; USA, Florida; biogeography; population genetics; chloroplast DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity in a cultivated field at different times AN - 15929272; 4047165 AB - Farming practices and climatic patterns may alter soil surface hydraulic conductivity (K) both spatially and at different times during a season. This study quantified spatial variability and spatial dependence of ponded and tension K measurements in a cultivated field at different times. Paired small-base infiltrometers (76-mm diameter) were used at four pressure beads (5, -30, -60, and -150 mm) to measure K across a transect four times during one and a half growing seasons (1-2 July 1991, 12-13 Aug. 1991, 29-30 Apr. 1992, and 28-29 May 1992). A natural log transformation best normalized ponded K data, but In(K + 1) was better for the tension data. Periodicity was apparent for K at a head (h) of -150 mm, with a significant period of 46 m for July 1991, 147 m for April 1992, and 96 m for May 1992. The periods for the three dates may be three different harmonics. The July periodicity was consistent with expected wheel traffic patterns from the previous harvest; K measurements would hove coincided with wheel tracks every 46 m for the July 1991 measurement date. Periodicity for other dates had no apparent cause. For ponded K, only within-pair data were spatially correlated (0.6-0.8 m). At a head of -150 mm, K values were spatially correlated over distances of 6.6, 16.8, and 0.6 m for the measurements of July 1991, April 1992, and May 1992, respectively. Correlation distances were intermediate for K sub(-30) and K sub(-60). Since spatial correlation and periodicity varied with measurement date, one set of transect measurements was not adequate to describe spatial variability of K. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Logsdon, S D AU - Jaynes, D B AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr. Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 703 EP - 709 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - field tests KW - spatial distribution KW - agricultural practices KW - variability KW - soil surfaces KW - temporal distribution KW - permeability coefficient KW - infiltrometers KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15929272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+of+hydraulic+conductivity+in+a+cultivated+field+at+different+times&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+S+D%3BJaynes%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltrometers; agricultural practices; permeability coefficient; spatial distribution; soil surfaces; temporal distribution; variability; field tests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical and chemical crusting processes affecting runoff and erosion in furrows AN - 15919809; 4047661 AB - Surface sealing and soil crusting increase runoff and erosion dramatically on many soils. The rate of this increase may depend on the extent and predominant processes of soil crusting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil crusting processes on infiltration and erosion, particularly rill erosion. Six field plots (3.5 by 0.9 m) with V-shaped furrows with sideslopes of 0.2 m m super(-1) and gradients of 0.11 m m super(-1) were established on a Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult). Treatments included control, gypsum (surface-applied, 5 Mg ha super(-1)), screen cover, and the combination of cover and gypsum. Two consecutive rains at an intensity of 90 mm h super(-1) were applied to each treatment, and soil surface was allowed to dry between rains. Statistical analyses showed the main effects of cover and gypsum, as well as their interaction, significantly increased final infiltration rate (FIR) on this soil. During Event 1, FIRs were increased by 26% for either cover or gypsum treatment and by 132% for the combined treatment. Although the effectiveness of all treatments was reduced during Event 2, the combined treatment still showed 56% increase over the control treatment. As a result of runoff reduction, overall soil loss from the two events was reduced by 64, 28, and 88% for the cover, gypsum, and combined treatments, respectively. Minimizing seal formation by either cover or gypsum delayed rill formation and reduced rill erosion to a similar extent, but the combination of the two was much more effective. For this soil, both chemical (dispersion) and physical (raindrop impact) forces, as well as their interaction, are critical in crust and seal formation. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Zhang, X C AU - Miller, W P AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 860 EP - 865 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soil crusting KW - surface sealing KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - field tests KW - rill erosion KW - furrows KW - gypsum KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - statistical analysis KW - soil treatment KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15919809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Physical+and+chemical+crusting+processes+affecting+runoff+and+erosion+in+furrows&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BMiller%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; runoff; rill erosion; gypsum; furrows; field tests; soil treatment; statistical analysis; soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyacrylamide effect on infiltration and erosion in furrows AN - 15919715; 4047638 AB - Surface sealing and crusting are important factors affecting runoff and erosion in many cultivated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low rates of surface-applied anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) on surface sealing and crusting, water infiltration, and soil erosion. A series of experiments was conducted on a Cecil sandy loam soil (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) in ridge-furrow-type field plots (3.5 by 0.92 m). Polyacrylamide solutions containing 1 kg solids m super(-3) and 2.5 mol CaSO sub(4) m super(-3) were sprayed onto dry soil surfaces at 15 and 30 kg ha super(-1) rates with two replicates each. Three simulated rains, 31 min each, were applied at an intensity of 85 mm h super(-1) at 2-wk intervals. Final infiltration rates were 30 mm h super(-1) for the control treatment for all three rains and were >85 mm h super(-1) for the first rain and 45 mm h super(-1) for the two following rains for the PAM treatments. Total soil loss of the control was 1.62 kg m super(-2) for the first rain, while the average soil loss of the two PAM treatments was only 0.03 kg m super(-2). For two subsequent rains, although the differences were narrowed, soil loss from PAM was 48 to 66% less than from the control. The percentage of sediments >0.5 mm in the PAM treatments was 45% greater than in the control, indicating high aggregate stability with PAM addition. The sediment reduction was attributed to the significant reduction of runoff and the prevention of rill formation due to PAM addition. Based on this study, surface application of PAM at a rate of 15 kg ha super(-1) controlled surface sealing and crusting and therefore reduced runoff and erosion. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Zhang, X C AU - Miller, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 866 EP - 872 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - PAM KW - crusting KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - field tests KW - erosion control KW - infiltration KW - furrows KW - runoff KW - soil treatment KW - surface sealing KW - soil erosion KW - experimental data KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15919715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cataloging+%26+Classification+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Metadata+Practices+in+Academic+and+Non-Academic+Libraries+for+Digital+Projects%3A+A+Survey&rft.au=Lopatin%2C+Laurie&rft.aulast=Lopatin&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=716&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cataloging+%26+Classification+Quarterly&rft.issn=01639374&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - experimental data; furrows; infiltration; soil erosion; surface sealing; runoff; field tests; soil treatment; erosion control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interrill soil erosion and slope steepness factors AN - 15917900; 4047644 AB - Interrill erosion models assume a constant slope steepness term as a function of slope angle. To test the hypothesis that the slope steepness term varies with antecedent soil moisture and soil texture, we determined the effect of slope steepness on soil loss for five soils from clay to silt loam in texture with wet or dry antecedent soil water contents. Interrill sediment yield (wash), splash detachment, runoff, and sediment size were measured in laboratory erosion pans under simulated 90-min, 72 mm h super(-1) rainfall at 9 and 20% slopes. As slope steepness increased, splash decreased for three soil treatments and increased for the other five treatments. Splashed sediment and sediment yield were not correlated. Change in splash with increased slope steepness was correlated (r = 0.96) with change in sediment yield. Mean weight diameter (MWD) of splash was, on the average, about twice the MWD of wash. The MWD of both splash and wash was significantly (r = 0.0001) influenced by soil type and antecedent moisture, but MWD of splash and wash was uncorrelated with amount of splash and wash, respectively. The results emphasize the importance of quantifying terms in erosion equations in relation to specific erosion processes. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Bradford, J M AU - Foster, G R AD - USDA-ARS, Conserv. and Prod. Systems Res. Unit, 2413 East Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 909 EP - 915 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - splash KW - slope steepness KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - simulated rainfall KW - soil water KW - slopes KW - sediment yield KW - soil treatment KW - correlation analysis KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15917900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Interrill+soil+erosion+and+slope+steepness+factors&rft.au=Bradford%2C+J+M%3BFoster%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil erosion; slopes; soil water; sediment yield; correlation analysis; simulated rainfall; soil treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the detachment-transport coupling concept in the WEPP rill erosion equation AN - 15916393; 4047649 AB - The rill erosion equation in the current Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model is based on the coupled detachment and transport processes concept proposed by Foster and Meyer in 1972. The first-order detachment-transport coupling states that the rill detachment rate, D sub(r), is proportional to the difference between transport capacity, T sub(c), and sediment load, q sub(s): D sub(r) = alpha (T sub(c) - q sub(s)), where alpha is a rate control constant. A field experiment was designed to examine the validity of this model. Flow channels, 0.2 m wide, with clear water introduced at the upslope end were used in the study. Sediment delivery from different channel lengths and inflow rates was measured. Data were collected for three soils: Russell silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf), Saybrook silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudoll), and Sharpsburg silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Results showed that rill detachment and transport are not coupled processes. In the upper reach of a channel, q sub(s) is limited by a soil-dependent detachment rate. For longer channels, transport capacity controls the sediment delivery. Experimental data supported the Meyer and Wischmeier model concept, in which detachment and transport processes are separated and sediment delivery is limited to the lesser of the two. A slight modification to the Meyer and Wischmeier concept is the inclusion of an "overshoot" situation (i.e., q sub(s) > T sub(c)) when the sediment regime is shifted from a detachment-dominated to a transport-dominated condition. Additional work is required to expand the database to develop a validated rill detachment and transport model. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Huang, Chi-hua AU - Bradford, J M AU - Laflen, J M AD - Agron. Dep. and USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 SOIL Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 734 EP - 739 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - WEPP model KW - rill detachment KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sediment load KW - rill erosion KW - field tests KW - soil types KW - model testing KW - sediment transport KW - mathematical equations KW - experimental data KW - evaluation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15916393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+detachment-transport+coupling+concept+in+the+WEPP+rill+erosion+equation&rft.au=Huang%2C+Chi-hua%3BBradford%2C+J+M%3BLaflen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Chi-hua&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - field tests; evaluation; rill erosion; model testing; mathematical equations; sediment load; experimental data; sediment transport; soil types ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spraydrop kinetic energy from irrigation sprinklers AN - 15889469; 4033581 AB - Information on the drop energy from sprinklers is important for choosing the optimum sprinkler type for a particular soil. Drop size distribution data were collected for different types of sprinklers with various nozzle size-pressure combinations using a laser-optical method. Drop velocities were calculated using a trajectory model. The overall drop energy per unit of applied water was calculated. A method was developed to estimate the kinetic energy for a particular type of sprinkler with a given nozzle size and operating pressure using nozzle size and pressure head as independent variables. The volume mean drop size was found to be a good predictor of overall kinetic energy. With no wind, the overall drop energy varied from about 5 to 25 J/kg. The smooth plate spray head gave the least drop energy, while the single nozzle, impact-type sprinklers gave the greatest. Wind was found to increase drop energy by as much as a factor of three, but nozzle elevation had a small effect on drop energy. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Kincaid, D C AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 847 EP - 853 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - kinetic energy KW - water distribution KW - irrigation engineering KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - infiltration KW - analytical methods KW - irrigation efficiency KW - optimization KW - soil erosion KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15889469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Spraydrop+kinetic+energy+from+irrigation+sprinklers&rft.au=Kincaid%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Kincaid&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - kinetic energy; sprinkler irrigation; optimization; irrigation engineering; irrigation efficiency; analytical methods; water distribution; soil erosion; infiltration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of WEPP runoff and soil loss predictions using natural runoff plot data AN - 15888649; 4033582 AB - Model testing and evaluation are critical to the acceptance of any new prediction tool. This study was conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) hillslope model in predicting runoff and soil loss under cropped conditions. Natural runoff plot data, including 4,124 selected events, 556 plot years, and 34 cropping scenarios, from eight locations were selected. The average length of record for the cropping scenarios was about nine years. Several common crops and tillage systems were included. The WEPP input files for soil, slope, climate, and crop management were compiled based on measured data. The coefficient of determination (r super(2)) between model-predicted and measured-runoff volumes for optimized Green and Ampt hydraulic conductivity (K sub(b)) was 0.77 for selected events, 0.76 for annual values, and 0.87 for average annual values; the r super(2) between predicted and measured soil losses (excluding fallow and corn plots at Bethany, Mo.) was 0.36, 0.60, and 0.85, respectively. Similar predictions of runoff and soil loss were also obtained with WEPP internally estimated K sub(b) values. Runoff and soil loss were slightly overpredicted for small storms and for years with low runoff and soil loss rates, and were underpredicted for large storms and for years with high runoff and soil loss rates. However, average runoff and soil loss rates for different cropping and management systems were adequately predicted. The accuracy and reliability of the predictions were shown to improve from an event to annual to average annual basis. Results of this study show that the WEPP model is a useful tool for predicting runoff and soil loss rates under cropped conditions. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zhang, X C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Risse, L M AU - McGregor, K C AD - USDA-ARS, NSERL, 1196 Soil Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 855 EP - 863 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - soil conservation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model testing KW - erosion control KW - land management KW - cultivated lands KW - runoff KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15888649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Community+%26+Junior+College+Libraries&rft.atitle=Graphic+Novels+in+Community+and+Junior+College+Libraries&rft.au=Finley%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Community+%26+Junior+College+Libraries&rft.issn=02763915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F02763915.2016.1165996 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil erosion; runoff; model testing; cultivated lands; statistical analysis; erosion control; land management; prediction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia of grass hedge stems AN - 15888587; 4033572 AB - The ability of grass hedges to remain erect where runoff concentrates is critical to their control of ephemeral gully erosion. Hedge resistance to failure depends on the mechanical properties of its stems. We measured moment of inertia (I), modulus of elasticity (E), yield strength (Y), and the bending angle (V) at the elastic limit of stems of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), vetiver (Vetiveria zizaniodes L.), miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis Cv. gracillimus), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacae). The stems were sorted into morphological age groups - vegetative, green internode, and woody internode. Moment of inertia was determined from stem geometry and modulus of elasticity from stem deflection from load increments applied in a cantilever arrangement. Yield strength and bending angle were calculated from the displacement of the stem at the last load increment before the elastic limit was exceeded. Grass internodes had I values between 8 and 272 mm super(4). Their modulii of elasticity were between 2.6 and 8.5 GPa, similar to certain plastics, but their yield strengths of 7 to 30 MPa were generally lower than those of the same plastics. The bending angle at the elastic limit for all grasses was between 2 and 8 degree . JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Dunn, G H AU - Dabney, S M AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Sedimentation Lab., P. O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 947 EP - 952 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - hedges KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - grasses KW - overland flow KW - runoff KW - gully erosion KW - vegetation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15888587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Modulus+of+elasticity+and+moment+of+inertia+of+grass+hedge+stems&rft.au=Dunn%2C+G+H%3BDabney%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - runoff; gully erosion; grasses; vegetation; overland flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic gradients and flow rates of a shallow coastal plain aquifer in a forested riparian buffer AN - 15885021; 4033583 AB - Water table gradients were measured and saturated flow rates estimated for a hillslope consisting of a tilled upland field and a downslope riparian forest buffer system located in the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain Tifton-Vidalia Uplands. Three years of water table measurements and estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity were used to evaluate and quantify saturated water flow gradients, directions, and rates. Forest treatments consisting of clear cutting, thinning, and no cutting were examined. The gradient of the water table from the top of the landscape to the bottom varied from 0.9 to 0.2%, less than the 1.5% land slope. The direction of groundwater flow generally followed the land slope. However, during summer months the hydraulic gradient within the forested buffer reversed direction. Water table data indicate the riparian area was saturated from January through March. During this time, flow direction in the shallow aquifer is from the top of the field to the stream bottom. During summer months, high rates of forest evapotranspiration created large water sinks in the shallow subsurface and large local hydraulic gradients. Examination of water table elevations indicates the seasonal water demand of the forest shifts the direction of shallow subsurface aquifer flow. During these periods flow direction within the riparian buffer was from the lowest landscape position to the riparian forest, reversed from winter months. Total subsurface flow within the hillslope was calculated as 35 mm yr super(-1), 3% of average annual precipitation. Average groundwater linear velocity was calculated as 1.4 mm h super(-1). Evapotranspiration loss was estimated as 67% of average annual precipitation. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bosch, D D AU - Sheridan, J M AU - Lowrance, R R AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., P. O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 865 EP - 871 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - riparian buffers KW - USA, Coastal Plain KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water table KW - groundwater recharge KW - flow rates KW - hydraulic gradient KW - groundwater movement KW - saturated flow KW - permeability coefficient KW - coastal aquifers KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15885021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+gradients+and+flow+rates+of+a+shallow+coastal+plain+aquifer+in+a+forested+riparian+buffer&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D%3BSheridan%2C+J+M%3BLowrance%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Knjiznica&rft.issn=00232424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flow rates; coastal aquifers; groundwater movement; water table; saturated flow; hydraulic gradient; permeability coefficient; groundwater recharge ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drop size distributions for irrigation sprinklers AN - 15882554; 4033580 AB - A set of drop size distribution data is presented covering a wide range of sprinkler types including single nozzle impact sprinklers with straight bore and square nozzles, and sprayheads with various types of deflector plates. Drop sizes were measured by the laser-optical method and comparisons with other types of drop size measurement techniques are presented. Distributions are parameterized with an exponential function, and a method is provided to estimate the parameters given the sprinkler type, nozzle size, and pressure head. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Kincaid, D C AU - Solomon, KH AU - Oliphant, J C AD - USDA-ARS, 3793 N. 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 839 EP - 845 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - drop size KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - irrigation engineering KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - irrigation efficiency KW - distribution KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15882554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drop+size+distributions+for+irrigation+sprinklers&rft.au=Kincaid%2C+D+C%3BSolomon%2C+KH%3BOliphant%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Kincaid&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sprinkler irrigation; distribution; irrigation engineering; irrigation efficiency ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal changes in flow and nitrate-N loss from subsurface drains AN - 15882002; 4033574 AB - Subsurface drainage from thirty-six, 0.4-ha plots was monitored for three years (1990 to 1992) from chisel plow, moldboard plow, ridge till, and no-till systems with continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations. Data were analyzed in four seasonal stages to determine variations in drain flows and nitrate-N contents in drain effluent. The hypothesis of this study was that differences among tillage systems would change during the monitoring season as rainfall patterns varied and as plots were fertilized and cultivated. Forty-five to 85% of the annual nitrate-N loss through subsurface drainage occurred in the spring and fall when crops were not actively growing. These losses, however, were not significantly different among tillage systems. Relative changes in drain flows and nitrate-N concentrations before and after summer cultivation were similar among the four tillage systems even though no-till and ridge till systems were undisturbed before this time. Nitrate-N losses or concentrations did not increase during the stage following fertilizer application. No-till plots had significantly higher subsurface drain flow than moldboard plow plots only under continuous corn, possibly an effect of reduced yields from long-term no-till continuous corn. Nitrate-N concentrations in drain effluent from moldboard and chisel plow systems, however, were significantly greater than concentrations from no-till and ridge till systems for all crop rotations. Lower nitrate-N concentrations from no-till and ridge till systems may have resulted from greater bypass flow, denitrification, and immobilization under nonplowed systems. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bjorneberg, D L AU - Kanwar, R S AU - Melvin, S W AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Res. Lab., 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 961 EP - 967 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - subsurface drainage KW - agricultural practices KW - cultivated lands KW - drains KW - nitrates KW - path of pollutants KW - leaching KW - water quality standards KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15882002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Seasonal+changes+in+flow+and+nitrate-N+loss+from+subsurface+drains&rft.au=Bjorneberg%2C+D+L%3BKanwar%2C+R+S%3BMelvin%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Bjorneberg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrates; subsurface drainage; leaching; drains; water quality standards; path of pollutants; agricultural practices; cultivated lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CLIGEN weather generator predictions of seasonal wet and dry spells in Uganda AN - 15881454; 4033575 AB - Daily precipitation from 20 years of record from highland and central plains sites of Uganda were used to analyze the ability of the CLIGEN weather generator to predict seasonal wet and dry spell lengths. Results indicate that the predicted wet and dry spell probability density functions were not significantly different (P = 0.05) from the observed data for the central plains, lower elevation site. CLIGEN-predicted distributions were found to be significantly different (P = 0.05) for 50% of the probability density functions estimated for the high-elevation site. The monthly precipitation totals and probability estimates were not significantly different (P = 0.05), but CLIGEN appears to have a problem in predicting the precipitation pattern within a month for the high-frequency, low-intensity site. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Arnold, C D AU - Elliot, W J AD - USDA-Forest Serv., 1221 South Main, Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 969 EP - 972 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - rainfall frequency KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - climates KW - weather forecasting KW - precipitation KW - Uganda KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15881454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=CLIGEN+weather+generator+predictions+of+seasonal+wet+and+dry+spells+in+Uganda&rft.au=Arnold%2C+C+D%3BElliot%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - precipitation; weather forecasting; climates; Uganda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of strains of Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A with rare fumonisin production phenotypes AN - 15869627; 4025364 AB - A survey of 245 strains of Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (anamorph Fusarium moniliforme) isolated primarily from maize and sorghum in North America identified strains with three rare fumonisin production phenotypes. In liquid culture and on a maize solid substrate, several strains produced fumonisin B sub(2) (FB sub(2)) or B sub(3) (FB sub(3)), but not fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)), suggesting a defect in hydroxylation of C-5 or C-10. Several strains were nonproducers of fumonisins in liquid culture and low producers of fumonisins (0-600 mu g/g FB sub(1), FB sub(2) and FB sub(3)) on maize substrate. The heritability of fumonisin production on maize was studied by crossing fumonisin low-producing and non-producing strains with fumonisin high-producing strains. Random ascospore and tetrad progeny were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography for their ability to produce fumonisins on maize substrate. Although most of these crosses were poorly fertile, in one cross the ability to produce high levels of fumonisins segregated as a single gene, designated fum4, or group of closely linked genes. Allelism tests showed that fum4 was linked to, but not allelic with, the fum1 locus that was previously identified in strains of mating population A from Nepal. JF - Mycologia AU - Plattner, R D AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Leslie, J F AU - Nelson, P E AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., Bioactive Agents Res., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 416 EP - 424 VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - fumonisins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - mating KW - Gibberella fujikuroi KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15869627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+strains+of+Gibberella+fujikuroi+mating+population+A+with+rare+fumonisin+production+phenotypes&rft.au=Plattner%2C+R+D%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E%3BLeslie%2C+J+F%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Plattner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gibberella fujikuroi; mating; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Luminal proteinases from Plodia interpunctella and the hydrolysis of Bacillus thuringiensis CryIA(c) protoxin AN - 15869512; 4027534 AB - The ability of proteinases in gut extracts of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, to hydrolyze Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protoxin, casein, and rho -nitroanilide substrates was investigated. A polyclonal antiserum to protoxin CryIA(c) was used in Western blots to demonstrate slower protoxin processing by gut enzymes from Bt subspecies entomocidus-resistant larvae than enzymes from susceptible or kurstaki-resistant strains. Enzymes from all three strains hydrolyzed N- alpha -benzoyl-L-arginine rho -nitroanilide, N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phenylalanine rho -nitroanilide, and N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-leucine rho -nitroanilide. Zymograms and activity blots were used to estimate the apparent molecular masses, number of enzymes, and relative activities in each strain. Several serine proteinase inhibitors reduced gut enzyme activities, with two soybean trypsin inhibitors, two potato inhibitors, and chymostatin the most effective in preventing protoxin hydrolysis. JF - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AU - Oppert, B AU - Kramer, K J AU - Johnson, D AU - Upton, S J AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 1515 Coll. Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502-2736, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 571 EP - 583 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Lepidoptera KW - protoxins KW - casein KW - nitroanilides KW - proteinase KW - CryIA(c) toxin KW - rho -nitroanilide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Plodia interpunctella KW - enzymatic activity KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15869512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Luminal+proteinases+from+Plodia+interpunctella+and+the+hydrolysis+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+CryIA%28c%29+protoxin&rft.au=Oppert%2C+B%3BKramer%2C+K+J%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BUpton%2C+S+J%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Oppert&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Plodia interpunctella; Bacillus thuringiensis; enzymatic activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal patterns of ant burrow openings as affected by soil properties and agricultural practices AN - 15857087; 4019190 AB - To assess the interactive effect of ants with soil properties and agronomic factors, burrow abundance of the ant, Lasius neoniger (Emery), was investigated in a southern Wisconsin corn field in 1990 and 1991. The field was divided into three irrigation, two tillage, and two nitrogen treatments, and was surrounded by a border area that was periodically mowed and contained a mixture of native and exotic plants. Burrow openings were mapped weekly from July to October in 1990, and number of burrow openings per m super(2) was measured from April to October in 1991, both years' measurements were made on replicated quadrats. Soil temperature, pH, phosphorous, potassium, organic carbon content, and plant leaf area indices were also measured on these quadrats. In general, number of ant burrows was not significantly different among different irrigation, tillage and nitrogen treatments. However, the cumulative effect of tillage may reduce the burrow openings. Soil properties such as pH, organic carbon, phosphorous, or potassium content did not seem to affect the occurrence of burrow openings. Maximum number of open burrows appeared to occur at a soil temperature (5 cm depth) of about 27 degree C or under vegetation cover with a leaf area index of 0.5. The burrows also were aggregated close to corn stalks. Spatially, the ant burrows were generally randomly dispersed fitting a Poisson distribution. Over time, the increase in ant burrow openings resembled a logistic function. JF - Pedobiologia AU - Wang, D AU - Lowery, B AU - McSweeney, K AU - Norman, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Phys. & Pesticides Res. Unit., U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 201 EP - 211 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - Zea mays KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lasius neoniger KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - spatial distribution KW - soil properties KW - Formicidae KW - phenology KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15857087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedobiologia&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+patterns+of+ant+burrow+openings+as+affected+by+soil+properties+and+agricultural+practices&rft.au=Wang%2C+D%3BLowery%2C+B%3BMcSweeney%2C+K%3BNorman%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pedobiologia&rft.issn=00314056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; USA, Wisconsin; spatial distribution; phenology; soil properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemistry and genetics of microbial xylanases AN - 15815136; 4000178 AB - Xylanases are classified into two major families (10 or F and 11 or G) of glycosyl hydrolases. Both use ion pair catalytic mechanisms and both retain anomeric configuration following hydrolysis. Family 10 xylanases are larger, more complex and produce smaller oligosaccharides; Family 11 xylanases are more specific for xylan. Alkaline-active and extreme-thermophilic enzymes are of particular interest. Such xylanases are being commercialized for bleaching pulps and other applications. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Jeffries, T W AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochem. Technol., USDA, Forest Serv., Forest Products Lab. and Dep. Bacteriol. Univ. Wisconsin, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 337 EP - 342 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - endo-1,4- beta -xylanase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - microorganisms KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15815136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biochemistry+and+genetics+of+microbial+xylanases&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food avoidance by adult house finches, Carpodacus mexicanus, affects seed preferences of offspring AN - 15790938; 3992902 AB - In altricial birds, the food habits of young birds may be affected by extended parental contact. To examine this, five nesting pairs of captive adult house finches were exposed to hulled oats treated with an aversive agent, methiocarb. During the nestling and early fledgling stages, juvenile finches raised by adults that avoided oats received 30-40 times less exposure to hulled oats than did juveniles raised by adults that ate oats. After they were separated from the adults, the juveniles had no further access to oats or to canary seed, the alternative untreated food, until tested individually at 10-12, 20-22, and 35-38 weeks of age. There was no relationship between the juvenile birds' exposure to oats in the early nestling stage and their subsequent oat preference scores. Birds raised by adults that avoided oats during the late nestling and fledgling stages, however, displayed lower oat preference scores than did birds raised by adults that ate oats. Thus, dietary aversion to oats established in adult birds was expressed in the seed preferences of their offspring. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Avery, M L AD - USDA/APHIS, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Florida Field Stn., 2820 E. University Ave., Gainesville, FL 32641, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 1279 EP - 1283 VL - 51 IS - 6 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Carpodacus mexicanus KW - learning behavior KW - food aversion KW - food preferences KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25696:Birds KW - R 18058:Learning & conditioning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15790938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Food+avoidance+by+adult+house+finches%2C+Carpodacus+mexicanus%2C+affects+seed+preferences+of+offspring&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carpodacus mexicanus; food preferences; food aversion; learning behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclicity and synchrony of historical outbreaks of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera puntatella (Motschulsky) in Japan AN - 15784133; 3990984 AB - Historical records of the incidence of defoliation caused by the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motschulsky) in northern Japanese prefectures from 1910-1993 were used to characterize the cyclicity and synchrony of outbreaks. Cyclicity and synchrony were quantified using standard Box-Jenkins time series methods as well as spectral analysis and simple Markov models. Statistical analysis of these records indicated the presence of quasi-periodic behavior with 8-11 yr between outbreaks. Outbreaks tended to occur synchronously among different prefectures, though the onset of outbreaks was typically lagged. This study illustrates the use of specific statistical methods for characterizing cyclicity and synchrony from crude records of the presence/absence of outbreaks. JF - Researches on Population Ecology AU - Liebhold, A AU - Kamata, N AU - Jacob, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 87 EP - 94 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0034-5466, 0034-5466 KW - Quadricalcarifera punctatella KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - geographical variations KW - historical account KW - Notodontidae KW - population dynamics KW - Japan KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15784133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Researches+on+Population+Ecology&rft.atitle=Library+Use+and+User+Satisfaction+with+Library+Services+at+Jaber+Al-Ahmad+Central+Library+of+Kuwait+University&rft.au=Al-Ansari%2C+Husain%3BAl-Kulaib%2C+Mai&rft.aulast=Al-Ansari&rft.aufirst=Husain&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Social+Sciences&rft.issn=02531097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Notodontidae; Japan; population dynamics; geographical variations; statistical analysis; historical account ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 analogs with minimal in vivo calcemic activity can stimulate significant transepithelial calcium transport and mRNA expression in vitro. AN - 78021009; 8638956 AB - Several 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1 alpha,25-(OH)2-D3) analogs have significant antiproliferative effects in vitro but do not elevate serum calcium in vivo. We tested whether the lack of a calcemic response of a vitamin D analog in vivo is due to its inability to stimulate intestinal calcium absorption by examining the effect of several such compounds on transepithelial calcium transport in the human colonic carcinoma cell line Caco-2. The relative stimulations of calcium transport by the four A-ring diastereomers of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-D3 (1 alpha,3 beta) and a 3 beta-bromoacetate analog (1 alpha,3 beta-BrAc) of the vitamin following 48-h treatment of cells at 10 nM were 1 alpha,3 beta (=100%), 1 alpha,3 alpha (+45.2%), 1 beta,3 beta (-15.6%), 1 beta,3 alpha (+6.5%), and 1 alpha,3 beta-BrAc (+50.6%). This was similar to the reported affinity of these compounds for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and suggests that VDR binding predicts calcium transport. In contrast, three noncalcemic, sidechain- or D-ring-modified analogs of vitamin D, 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-16-ene-D3, 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3, and 1 alpha,25,28-(OH)3-D2 (at 10 nM for 48 h), showed a different relationship between VDR affinity (150, 60, and 63% of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-D3, respectively) and calcium transport (74.1, 126, and 10%, respectively). Elevated calcium transport was accompanied by higher 24-hydroxylase and calbindin D9k mRNA levels. The data demonstrate that although some vitamin D compounds cannot stimulate calcium transport due to an inability to interact with the VDR (e.g., 1 beta isomers), other factors, e.g., differential cellular metabolism, may account for variations in biological response in vivo to various vitamin D analogs. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Fleet, J C AU - Bradley, J AU - Reddy, G S AU - Ray, R AU - Wood, R J AD - Mineral Bioavailability Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Y1 - 1996/05/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 May 15 SP - 228 EP - 234 VL - 329 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Calbindins KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - RNA, Neoplasm KW - S100 Calcium Binding Protein G KW - S100G protein, human KW - Calcitriol KW - FXC9231JVH KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - RNA, Neoplasm -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - S100 Calcium Binding Protein G -- genetics KW - Caco-2 Cells KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Biological Transport -- drug effects KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Hypercalcemia -- chemically induced KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Carcinoma -- metabolism KW - Calcitriol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Carcinoma -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78021009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=1+alpha%2C25-%28OH%292-vitamin+D3+analogs+with+minimal+in+vivo+calcemic+activity+can+stimulate+significant+transepithelial+calcium+transport+and+mRNA+expression+in+vitro.&rft.au=Fleet%2C+J+C%3BBradley%2C+J%3BReddy%2C+G+S%3BRay%2C+R%3BWood%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Fleet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-05-15&rft.volume=329&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Resources Research AN - 52829165; 1996-054157 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Garbrecht, Jurgen AU - Martz, Lawrence W AU - Montgomery, David R Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 1461 EP - 1465 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - critical review KW - mapping KW - resolution KW - digital terrain models KW - Tennessee Valley KW - ground water KW - models KW - grid size KW - fluvial features KW - drainage basins KW - applications KW - geomorphology KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52829165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+Jurgen%3BMartz%2C+Lawrence+W%3BMontgomery%2C+David+R&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=Jurgen&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Zhang, W. and Montgomery, D. Water Resour. Res., Vol. 30, No. 4, p. 1019-1028, 1994 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; critical review; digital terrain models; drainage basins; fluvial features; geomorphology; grid size; ground water; mapping; models; resolution; Tennessee Valley; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil geomorphology on bedrock and colluvial terrain with permafrost in central Alaska, USA AN - 52828290; 1996-054621 AB - The depth to permafrost, thickness of the surface organic layer, and strength of redoximorphic features are closely correlated in soils on low-relief bedrock hills and colluvial slopes near Hughes, Alaska. Soils can be arrayed along a morphological gradient from warm-dry-mineral to cold-wet-organic, and the ranks of soils along this gradient correlate with topographic parameters and mineral soil texture. The warm-dry-mineral soils tend to occur on coarse-textured materials, convex slopes, steep slopes, and south-facing slope aspects, while the cold-wet-organic soils tend to occur on fine-textured materials, concave slopes, gentle slopes, and north-facing aspects. Slope shape and mineral soil texture are the geomorphic factors most closely associated with the ranking of soils along the morphological gradient from warm-dry-mineral to cold-wet-organic. JF - Geoderma AU - Swanson, David K Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 157 EP - 172 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 71 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - soils KW - bedrock KW - pedogenesis KW - permafrost KW - West-Central Alaska KW - colluvium KW - clastic sediments KW - textures KW - slopes KW - mapping KW - morphology KW - geomorphologic controls KW - topography KW - terrains KW - Hughes Alaska KW - sediments KW - parent materials KW - Alaska KW - landscapes KW - field studies KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52828290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Soil+geomorphology+on+bedrock+and+colluvial+terrain+with+permafrost+in+central+Alaska%2C+USA&rft.au=Swanson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; bedrock; clastic sediments; colluvium; field studies; geomorphologic controls; Hughes Alaska; landscapes; mapping; morphology; parent materials; pedogenesis; permafrost; sediments; slopes; soils; terrains; textures; topography; United States; West-Central Alaska ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Robert V. Ruhe's soil-geomorphic model for southeastern Indiana AN - 52802120; 1996-075674 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Olson, Carolyn G AU - Vondra, Carl F Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 58 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - clastic sediments KW - Ruhe, Robert V. KW - southeastern Indiana KW - landforms KW - models KW - Indiana KW - sediments KW - loess KW - horizons KW - geomorphology KW - landscapes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52802120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Robert+V.+Ruhe%27s+soil-geomorphic+model+for+southeastern+Indiana&rft.au=Olson%2C+Carolyn+G%3BVondra%2C+Carl+F&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 30th annual meeting of the Geological Society of America, North-Central Section N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; geomorphology; horizons; Indiana; landforms; landscapes; loess; models; Ruhe, Robert V.; sediments; soils; southeastern Indiana; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of permafrost soils to deep thaw after forest fires in interior Alaska, U.S.A., and some ecologic implications AN - 52793372; 1996-077685 JF - Arctic and Alpine Research AU - Swanson, David K Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 217 EP - 227 PB - University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Boulder, CO VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0004-0851, 0004-0851 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Cryochrepts KW - Histosols KW - Cryaquepts KW - permafrost KW - West-Central Alaska KW - Kobuk Preserve Unit KW - ecosystems KW - vegetation KW - thawing KW - biota KW - desiccation KW - fires KW - soil properties KW - Northern Alaska KW - ecology KW - Alaska KW - frozen ground KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52793372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic+and+Alpine+Research&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+permafrost+soils+to+deep+thaw+after+forest+fires+in+interior+Alaska%2C+U.S.A.%2C+and+some+ecologic+implications&rft.au=Swanson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arctic+and+Alpine+Research&rft.issn=00040851&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ATLPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; biota; Cryaquepts; Cryochrepts; desiccation; ecology; ecosystems; fires; frozen ground; Histosols; Kobuk Preserve Unit; Northern Alaska; permafrost; soil properties; soils; thawing; United States; vegetation; West-Central Alaska ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspects of the life history and foraging ecology of the endangered akiapolaau AN - 15940051; 4054597 AB - Relative abundance, breeding ecology, annual survival, home range, and foraging ecology of Akiapolaau (Hemignathus munroi), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, were studied on the island of Hawaii. The species is a specialist: Akiapolaau used koa (Acacia koa) for foraging much more than expected based on koa availability, and most Akiapolaau occurred in old-growth koa and ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) forests. Male Akiapolaau most often foraged on the trunks and large branches of koa, whereas females used small branches and twigs. The longer bill of males is apparently adapted to the greater bark thickness of larger branches. Lichen-covered and dead branches were preferred feeding sites. Akiapolaau showed serial monogamy and had a relatively low reproductive rate of 0.86 young/pair/year, with a long parental dependency period. Home range sizes averaged 10.7 ha and did not differ between males and females. Annual survival for adults was 0.71. Avian diseases appear to restrict Akiapolaau to higher elevation forests where mosquitos are rare. Protection of remaining old-growth koa and ohia forests above the mosquito zone are critical to the survival of the species. JF - Condor AU - Ralph, C J AU - Fancy, S G AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Redwood Sci. Lab., 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 312 EP - 321 VL - 98 IS - 2 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - foraging behavior KW - USA, Hawaii KW - home range KW - life history KW - Hemignathus munroi KW - habitat utilization KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15940051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+the+life+history+and+foraging+ecology+of+the+endangered+akiapolaau&rft.au=Ralph%2C+C+J%3BFancy%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hemignathus munroi; USA, Hawaii; life history; foraging behavior; habitat utilization; home range ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium sulfate or coal combustion by-product spread on the soil surface to reduce evaporation, mitigate subsoil acidity and improve plant growth AN - 15875504; 4027346 AB - Removal of sulfur dioxide from flue gas produced by coal-burning power plants has increased the availability of by-products that may be useful as soil amendments for agriculture. We studied the effects of surface layers (caps) of fluidized bed combustion residue-fly ash mixture (FBCR-FA) or calcium sulfate on reduction of evaporative water losses and improvements in subsurface acid soil chemical characteristics. Caps 3.8 cm thick of porous FBCR-FA, hydrated commercial calcium sulfate (CCS), or soil (check) were placed on columns of coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Umbric Dystrochrept soil of pH 4.2. After the addition of 40 cm of water during a 16-week period, mean daily water loss from the column with the FBCR-FA cap was 0.51 mm compared to 0.98 mm in the check. Mean increase in soil exchangeable Ca in the 5- to 40-cm depth for the CCS treatment was 0.83 cmol sub(c) kg super(-1) and mean pH (H sub(2)O) increase was 0.21 units. Mean KCl-extractable Al decreased from 6.08 to 5.52 cmol sub(c) kg super(-1). Roots of sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) planted in the columns after removal of the caps reached 2 cm depth in the control, 18 cm in the FBCR-FA and 38 cm in the CCS treated columns after 47 days of growth. The gypsum cap was effective in improving deep rooting in acid soils and the FBCR-FA cap reduced evaporative water losses. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Korcak, R F AU - Feldhake, C M AU - Baligar, V C AU - Clark, R B AD - USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil and Water Conserv. Res. Lab., Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 209 EP - 219 VL - 182 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - evaporation control KW - acidic soils KW - plant growth KW - gypsum KW - combustion KW - land application KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - byproducts KW - sorghum KW - coal KW - fly ash KW - agriculture KW - acidity KW - evaporation KW - growth KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15875504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Calcium+sulfate+or+coal+combustion+by-product+spread+on+the+soil+surface+to+reduce+evaporation%2C+mitigate+subsoil+acidity+and+improve+plant+growth&rft.au=Ritchey%2C+K+D%3BKorcak%2C+R+F%3BFeldhake%2C+C+M%3BBaligar%2C+V+C%3BClark%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ritchey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sorghum; Sorghum bicolor; evaporation control; acidic soils; plant growth; agriculture; fly ash; byproducts; gypsum; coal; growth; evaporation; acidity; combustion; land application ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New destruxins from the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia sp. AN - 15812469; 3998287 AB - Two new insecticidal cyclic depsipeptides, destruxins A4 (1) and A5 (2), were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of organic extracts from an undescribed species of entomopathogenic fungus from the genus Aschersonia. Another previously identified but related compound, homodestruxin B (3), was also isolated as a product of this fungus. The chemical structures of 1-3 were determined based on analysis of NMR and mass spectral data. In common with homodestruxin B (3), the novel compounds destruxins A4 (1) and A5 (2) have a MeIle moiety in place of the MeVal residue more typically found in destruxins. In addition, destruxin A5 has a beta -MePro unit in place of the Pro residue found in most destruxins. LC sub(50) values for 1 and 2 in an insecticidal assay against Drosophila melanogaster were estimated at 41 and 52 ppm, respectively. Homodestruxin B (3) showed no activity at 400 ppm in the same assay. Destruxins A4 (1) and A5 (2) are the first biologically active secondary metabolites reported from the fungal genus Aschersonia, which represents a new source of destruxins. JF - Journal of Natural Products AU - Krasnoff, S B AU - Gibson, D M AD - USDA-ARS Plant Prot. Res. Unit, Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 485 EP - 489 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Aschersonia KW - destruxins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - biological control KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - pathogenicity KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15812469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.atitle=New+destruxins+from+the+entomopathogenic+fungus+Aschersonia+sp.&rft.au=Krasnoff%2C+S+B%3BGibson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Krasnoff&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; biological control; pathogenicity; Drosophila melanogaster ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of an extracellular phenol oxidase from culture filtrates of Pyricularia oryzae AN - 15787801; 3990016 AB - Extracellular phenol oxidase activity was characterized and compared in Pyricularia oryzae wild-type and albino cell types to determine if this phenol oxidase was responsible for lack of melanization in the albino culture. Filtrates of the albino mutant Alb-5 showed activity similar to those of the wild type, while those of a buff mutant (Cp62) showed weak phenol oxidase activity. This indicated that the lack of melanization in the albino mutant was not due to an absence of phenol oxidase activity. The phenol oxidase isoform patterns from the wild type and two mutants were similar when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The slowest migrating isoform of phenol oxidase from wild-type Pyricularia oryzae was the major form and had a molecular mass of 380 kDa. The molecular masses of two of the minor forms were 220 and 130 kDa. The isoforms oxidized 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene, the terminal metabolite in the polyketide pathway to melanin. The major phenol oxidase isoform was also present in extracts from albino mutants and the buff mutant. The major form was enriched by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography, and elution from preparative polyacrylamide gels. The enriched isoform of phenol oxidase separated into two forms after a second electrophoresis, indicating that these two isoforms interconvert. Analysis of both forms by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that both were composed of a single subunit with a molecular mass of 70 kDa. The enriched isoform preferred phloroglucinol as a substrate and had a Michaelis constant (K sub(m)) of 19.3 mM for phloroglucinol and a pH optimum between 6 and 7.5. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Alsubaey, A AU - Sisler, H D AU - Matthews, B F AD - Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 437 EP - 445 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Pyrisularia oryzae KW - phenol oxidase KW - rice blast KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - purification KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15787801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Hi+Tech+News&rft.atitle=Libraries+as+Learning+Organisations%3A+Implications+for+Knowledge+Management&rft.au=Jain%2C+Priti%3BMutula%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Priti&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Library+Hi+Tech+News&rft.issn=07419058&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - purification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Starvation of cabbage looper moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) increases attraction to male pheromone AN - 15787501; 3991531 AB - We compared the attraction of fed versus unfed cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner), to male pheromone. Significantly more starved females and starved males were attracted to male pheromone than were females or males that were provided a sugar-honey mixture. Food availability did not affect male attractiveness or male pheromone production, only female responsiveness. Female T. ni that were fed either honey, fructose, glucose, maltose, or sucrose were less likely to respond to male pheromone, compared to females that were not fed. Cabbage looper moth attraction to male pheromone may be related to food-finding behavior. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Landolt, P J AU - Molina, OH AU - Heath, R R AU - Ward, K AU - Dueben, B D AU - Millar, J G AD - USDA-ARS, 1700 S. W. 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 459 EP - 465 VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - males KW - Lepidoptera KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - starvation KW - attractancy KW - Noctuidae KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15787501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Starvation+of+cabbage+looper+moths+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+increases+attraction+to+male+pheromone&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BMolina%2C+OH%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BWard%2C+K%3BDueben%2C+B+D%3BMillar%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichoplusia ni; Noctuidae; starvation; sex pheromone; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ovipositional behavior of newly colonized corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) females and evidence for an oviposition stimulating factor of male origin AN - 15779108; 3991532 AB - Oviposition behavior of newly colonized females of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Huebner), was very different from that of females from a laboratory colony. Newly colonized virgin females laid very few eggs, and mated females required a host plant or a part of it such as corn silk for egg laying. Mating stimulated both egg maturation and oviposition in newly colonized females. Extracts of male accessory glands injected into 1-d-old virgin females, stimulated both egg maturation and oviposition. During the observation period, largest number of eggs was laid on the 6th d after treatment. However, 5-d-old virgin females injected with the accessory gland extract showed a significant increase in oviposition within 24 h. Further purification of the active factor is in progress. Females mated to males from which testes, accessory glands, and the duplex had been removed behaved like virgins. Topical application of methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog, to virgin females resulted in an increase in egg maturation but not in oviposition. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Bali, G AU - Raina, A K AU - Kingan, T G AU - Lopez, JD Jr AD - Insect Neurobiology and Hormone Lab., USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 475 EP - 480 VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - females KW - Lepidoptera KW - stimulants KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - oviposition KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15779108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Hi+Tech+News&rft.atitle=Reinventing+Academic+Libraries+in+Kenya&rft.au=Makori%2C+Elisha+Ondieki&rft.aulast=Makori&rft.aufirst=Elisha&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Library+Hi+Tech+News&rft.issn=07419058&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Helicoverpa zea; oviposition; stimulants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin variability in pistachios. AN - 78537245; 8919781 AB - Pistachio fruit components, including hulls (mesocarps and epicarps), seed coats (testas), and kernels (seeds), all contribute to variable aflatoxin content in pistachios. Fresh pistachio kernels were individually inoculated with Aspergillus flavus and incubated 7 or 10 days. Hulled, shelled kernels were either left intact or wounded prior to inoculation. Wounded kernels, with or without the seed coat, were readily colonized by A. flavus and after 10 days of incubation contained 37 times more aflatoxin than similarly treated unwounded kernels. The aflatoxin levels in the individual wounded pistachios were highly variable. Neither fungal colonization nor aflatoxin was detected in intact kernels without seed coats. Intact kernels with seed coats had limited fungal colonization and low aflatoxin concentrations compared with their wounded counterparts. Despite substantial fungal colonization of wounded hulls, aflatoxin was not detected in hulls. Aflatoxin levels were significantly lower in wounded kernels with hulls than in kernels of hulled pistachios. Both the seed coat and a water-soluble extract of hulls suppressed aflatoxin production by A. flavus. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Mahoney, N E AU - Rodriguez, S B AD - Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 1197 EP - 1202 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling KW - Aspergillus flavus -- pathogenicity KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Nuts -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Food Contamination KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Nuts -- microbiology KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78537245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+variability+in+pistachios.&rft.au=Mahoney%2C+N+E%3BRodriguez%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1966 Feb;43(2):89-92 [5902882] Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jan;29(1):48-53 [1110492] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Jul;32(1):64-7 [823868] Appl Microbiol. 1965 Mar;13:208-11 [14325880] Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1991;30(4):403-39 [1910523] J Appl Bacteriol. 1993 Jan;74(1):5-14 [8420918] Mycopathologia. 1985 Dec;92(3):129-39 [3937056] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection and synergism by recombinant fowl pox vaccines expressing genes from Marek's disease virus. AN - 78308527; 8790888 AB - Recombinant fowl poxviruses (rFPV) were constructed to express genes from serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV) coding for glycoproteins B (gB1), C (gC), and D (gD) and tegument proteins UL47 and UL48, as well as genes from serotypes 2 and 3 MDV coding for glycoprotein B (gB2 and gB3). These rFPVs, alone and in various combinations, including combinations of fowl poxvirus (FPV)/gBs with turkey herpesvirus (HVT), were evaluated for ability to protect maternal antibody-positive (ab+) and -negative (ab-) chickens against challenge with highly virulent MDV isolates. The protective efficacy was also compared with that of prototype Marek's disease (MD) vaccines. No protection was induced in ab+ chickens by rFPV expressing gC, gD, UL47, or UL48. In contrast, the rFPV/gB1 construct protected about 23% of ab+ chickens against MDV challenge compared with 26% for cell-associated HVT. Levels of protection by rFPV/gBs of different MDV serotypes was highest for gB1, intermediate for gB2, and lowest for gB3. When rFPV/gB1 was combined with cell-associated HVT, protection was enhanced by an average of 138% compared with the best component monovalent vaccine, and the mean level of protection was 59% compared with 67% for the HVT+SB-1 bivalent vaccine. Relatively high protection (50%) and enhancement (200%) were also observed between rFPV/gB1 and cell-free HVT. These results suggest a specific synergistic interaction between rFPV/gB1 and HVT, possibly analogous to that previously described between serotypes 2 and 3 viruses. Levels of protection by rFPV/ gB1 alone or by bivalent rFPV/gB1+cell-associated HVT were similar to those of conventional cell-associated MD vaccines. However, the bivalent rFPV/gB1+cell-free HVT vaccine was clearly more protective than cell-free HVT alone and, thus, may be the most protective, entirely cell-free MD vaccine thus far described. JF - Avian diseases AU - Nazerian, K AU - Witter, R L AU - Lee, L F AU - Yanagida, N AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 368 EP - 376 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Vaccines, Synthetic KW - 0 KW - Viral Envelope Proteins KW - Viral Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- immunology KW - Chickens KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Chick Embryo KW - Male KW - Female KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- genetics KW - Marek Disease -- immunology KW - Fowlpox virus -- growth & development KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- immunology KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- genetics KW - Fowlpox virus -- immunology KW - Marek Disease -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78308527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Protection+and+synergism+by+recombinant+fowl+pox+vaccines+expressing+genes+from+Marek%27s+disease+virus.&rft.au=Nazerian%2C+K%3BWitter%2C+R+L%3BLee%2C+L+F%3BYanagida%2C+N&rft.aulast=Nazerian&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=College+%26+Undergraduate+Libraries&rft.issn=10691316&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10691316.2013.829376 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding of potato, tomato and eggplant alkaloids affects food consumption and body and liver weights in mice. AN - 77979471; 8613903 AB - Reduced liver weight was used to evaluate the potential toxicity in mice of four naturally occurring steroidal glycoalkaloids: alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, alpha-tomatine and solasonine. Increased liver weights was used to evaluate the three corresponding steroidal aglycones: solanidine, tomatidine, and solasodine and the non-alkaloid adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Adult female Swiss-Webster mice were fed diets containing test compound concentrations of 0 (control), 1.2, 2.4 or 4.8 mmol/kg diet for 7, 14 or 28 d. Absolute liver weights (LW) and relative liver weights (liver weight/body weight x 100, %LW/BW) were determined at autopsy. The %LW/BW was lower than that of controls in mice fed the potato glycoalkaloid alpha-chaconine (-10%, P < or = 0.05) for 7 d with the 2.4 mmol/kg diet dose. Under these same conditions, %LW/BW was greater than that of controls in mice fed two aglycones: solanidine (27%, P < or = 0.001) and solasodine (8%, P < or = 0.01). Relative liver weight increases induced by the aglycones were determined under time and dose conditions in which differences in body weight and food consumption were not significant (2.4 mmol/kg diet for 28 d). Under these conditions, the observed %LW/BW increases relative to the controls were as follows: solanidine (32%, P < or = 0.001), solasodine (22%, P < or = 0.001) and DHEA (16%, P < or = 0.001). Solanidine, solasodine and DHEA were equally potent and were more potent than tomatidine. We also observed that the greater %LW/BW in mice fed 2.4 mmol/kg diet solasodine or solanidine for 14 d declined to near control values if they were fed control diets for another 14 d. The increase in relative liver weight induced by solanidine and solasodine is a reversible adaptive response. These findings and the apparent effects of structure on biological activity should serve as a guide for the removal of the most toxic ++compounds from plant foods. The implications of the results for food safety and health are discussed. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Friedman, M AU - Henika, P R AU - Mackey, B E AD - Food Safety and Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 989 EP - 999 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - alpha-solamargine KW - 20318-30-3 KW - Solanine KW - 20562-02-1 KW - alpha-chaconine KW - 20562-03-2 KW - tomatidine KW - 2B73S48786 KW - Tomatine KW - 31U6547O08 KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone KW - 459AG36T1B KW - Diosgenin KW - K49P2K8WLX KW - solasodine KW - L40Y453Y96 KW - solanidine KW - W7801OHM8B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Vegetables KW - Solanine -- chemistry KW - Solanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Solanine -- pharmacology KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Tomatine -- pharmacology KW - Tomatine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Tomatine -- chemistry KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Plants, Edible KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Alkaloids -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77979471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Feeding+of+potato%2C+tomato+and+eggplant+alkaloids+affects+food+consumption+and+body+and+liver+weights+in+mice.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BHenika%2C+P+R%3BMackey%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population, Law, and the Environment AN - 61503311; 96a117717 JF - Rural Sociology AU - Nord, Mark AU - Nord, Mark AD - Economic Research Service United States Dept Agriculture Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 201 EP - 202 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0036-0112, 0036-0112 KW - article KW - 2656: environmental interactions; environmental interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61503311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rural+Sociology&rft.atitle=Population%2C+Law%2C+and+the+Environment&rft.au=Nord%2C+Mark%3BHardaway%2C+Robert+N&rft.aulast=Nord&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rural+Sociology&rft.issn=00360112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Edition date: 1994. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - RUSOAJ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydroxyl-sulfate exchange stoichiometry on gamma -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) and kaolinite AN - 52843007; 1996-039984 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - He, L M AU - Zelazny, L W AU - Baligar, V C AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Martens, D C Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 442 EP - 452 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - silicates KW - colloidal materials KW - sulfate ion KW - sulfates KW - Warren County Georgia KW - complexing KW - kaolinite KW - adsorption KW - clay minerals KW - hydroxyl ion KW - gypsum KW - sulfur KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - Georgia KW - thermodynamic properties KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52843007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Hydroxyl-sulfate+exchange+stoichiometry+on+gamma+-Al+%28sub+2%29+O+%28sub+3%29+and+kaolinite&rft.au=He%2C+L+M%3BZelazny%2C+L+W%3BBaligar%2C+V+C%3BRitchey%2C+K+D%3BMartens%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 69 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; clay minerals; colloidal materials; complexing; geochemistry; Georgia; gypsum; hydroxyl ion; ion exchange; kaolinite; pH; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; sulfate ion; sulfates; sulfur; thermodynamic properties; United States; Warren County Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Slaking in fragipan and argillic horizons AN - 52840717; 1996-039991 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Lindbo, D L AU - Rhoton, F E Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 552 EP - 554 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - West Feliciana Parish Louisiana KW - pedogenesis KW - fragipans KW - soil profiles KW - slaking KW - argillic horizons KW - chemical dispersion KW - statistical analysis KW - Mississippi KW - Alfisols KW - Yazoo County Mississippi KW - classification KW - Tennessee KW - parent materials KW - Louisiana KW - horizons KW - regression analysis KW - Tate County Mississippi KW - Obion County Tennessee KW - Fayette County Tennessee KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52840717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Slaking+in+fragipan+and+argillic+horizons&rft.au=Lindbo%2C+D+L%3BRhoton%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Lindbo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; argillic horizons; chemical dispersion; classification; Fayette County Tennessee; fragipans; horizons; Louisiana; Mississippi; Obion County Tennessee; parent materials; pedogenesis; regression analysis; slaking; soil profiles; soils; statistical analysis; Tate County Mississippi; Tennessee; United States; West Feliciana Parish Louisiana; Yazoo County Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molybdenum adsorption on oxides, clay minerals, and soils AN - 52837078; 1996-039983 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Godfrey, C L Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 425 EP - 432 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - terrestrial environment KW - goethite KW - Calcareous soils KW - amorphous materials KW - arid environment KW - Vertisols KW - kaolinite KW - illite KW - adsorption KW - crystallinity KW - clay minerals KW - Alfisols KW - hematite KW - molybdenum KW - metals KW - Entisols KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - calcium carbonate KW - pH KW - montmorillonite KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52837078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Molybdenum+adsorption+on+oxides%2C+clay+minerals%2C+and+soils&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BGodfrey%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; Alfisols; amorphous materials; arid environment; Calcareous soils; calcium carbonate; clay minerals; crystallinity; Entisols; goethite; hematite; illite; kaolinite; metals; molybdenum; montmorillonite; oxides; pH; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; terrestrial environment; Vertisols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport and storage of sandy material in gravel bed stream channels AN - 52704978; 1997-046467 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Lisle, Thomas E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 85 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - sand KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - surface water KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - suspended materials KW - gravel KW - habitat KW - gravel-bed streams KW - sediments KW - streams KW - aquatic environment KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52704978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Transport+and+storage+of+sandy+material+in+gravel+bed+stream+channels&rft.au=Lisle%2C+Thomas+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, 92nd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic environment; bedload; channels; clastic sediments; gravel; gravel-bed streams; habitat; hydrology; sand; sediment transport; sediments; streams; surface water; suspended materials; watersheds ER - TY - CONF T1 - Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields: Assessment, measurement and mitigation AN - 16358927; 4296717 AB - In this paper we discuss three topics concerning N sub(2)O emissions from agricultural systems. First, we present an appraisal of N sub(2)O emissions from agricultural soils (Assessment). Secondly, we discuss some recent efforts to improve N sub(2)O flux estimates in agricultural fields (Measurement), and finally, we relate recent studies which use nitrification inhibitors to decrease N sub(2)O emissions from N-fertilized fields (Mitigation). To assess the global emission of N sub(2)O from agricultural soils, the total flux should represent N sub(2)O from all possible sources; native soil N, N from recent atmospheric deposition, past years fertilization, N from crop residues, N sub(2)O from subsurface aquifers below the study area, and current N fertilization. Of these N sources only synthetic fertilizer and animal manures and the area of fields cropped with legumes have sufficient global data to estimate their input for N sub(2)O production. The assessment of direct and indirect N sub(2)O emissions we present was made by multiplying the amount of fertilizer N applied to agricultural lands by 2% and the area of land cropped to legumes by 4 kg N sub(2)O-N ha super(-1). No regard to method of N application, type of N, crop, climate or soil was given in these calculations, because the data are not available to include these variables in large scale assessments. Improved assessments should include these variables and should be used to drive process models for field, area, region and global scales. Several N sub(2)O flux measurement techniques have been used in recent field studies which utilize small and ultra-large chambers and micrometeorological along with new analytical techniques to measure N sub(2)O fluxes. These studies reveal that it is not the measurement technique that is providing much of the uncertainty in N sub(2)O flux values found in the literature but rather the diverse combinations of physical and biological factors which control gas fluxes. A careful comparison of published literature narrows the range of observed fluxes as noted in the section on assessment. An array of careful field studies which compare a series of crops, fertilizer sources, and management techniques in controlled parallel experiments throughout the calendar year are needed to improve flux estimates and decrease uncertainty in prediction capability. There are a variety of management techniques which should conserve N and decrease the amount of N application needed to grow crops and to limit N sub(2)O emissions. Using nitrification inhibitors is an option for decreasing fertilizer N use and additionally directly mitigating N sub(2)O emissions. Case studies are presented which demonstrate the potential for using nitrification inhibitors to limit N sub(2)O emissions from agricultural soils. Inhibitors may be selected for climatic conditions and type of cropping system as well as the type of nitrogen (solid mineral N, mineral N in solution, or organic waste materials) and applied with the fertilizers. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Mosier, A R AU - Duxbury, J M AU - Freney, J R AU - Heinemeyer, O AU - Minami, K Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 95 EP - 108 VL - 181 IS - 1 KW - agricultural land KW - atmospheric circulation KW - fertilizers KW - nitrification KW - nitrous oxide KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16358927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Nitrous+oxide+emissions+from+agricultural+fields%3A+Assessment%2C+measurement+and+mitigation&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BDuxbury%2C+J+M%3BFreney%2C+J+R%3BHeinemeyer%2C+O%3BMinami%2C+K&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solute transport and filtering through a riparian forest AN - 16089888; 4200848 AB - A two and a half year study was conducted to determine the fate of solutes applied to the landscape position just above the upper edge of a forested riparian zone. Nitrate (NO sub(3)-N) and bromide (Br) sources were applied to an 18 x 18 m killed grass sod area at the rates of 188 and 336 kg ha super(-1) N and Br, respectively. Soil samples were collected four times during the study to determine vertical and lateral transport within the treatment area. Shallow groundwater wells were installed at transect positions 13 and 6 m upslope, and 2, 7, 12, 17, and 22 m downslope from the grass sod-riparian forest interface. There were two sets of wells at each transect position in the treatment area, and three sets of wells at each transect position in the forested riparian zone. The well depths for each set were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m. Water samples were collected biweekly except for the final six months of the study, when they were collected monthly. Water samples were analyzed for NO sub(3)-N and Br content. Mass balance calculations based on soil sample analyses showed that the equivalent of 59 and 78% of the applied NO sub(3)-N and Br had left the treatment area after one year. High NO sub(3)-N concentrations observed in well waters in the upslope end of the treatment area showed that shallow groundwater entering from upslope was carrying NO sub(3)-N in addition to that applied. Comparisons of Br and NO sub(3)-N concentrations in the wells and also Br/NO sub(3)-N ratios showed that the riparian forest was effectively filtering NO sub(3)-N entering from the treatment area. Very little NO sub(3)-N was observed in wells 7 and 12 m into the forest. Bromide concentrations observed in the wells were relatively high at 2, 7, and 12 m into the forest. Mean Br /NO sub(3)-N ratios showed that some Br had reached as far downslope as 22 m into the riparian forest by the end of the second year of the study. One pulse of Br appeared in the riparian forest 8 to 11 months after application and a second pulse with greater concentrations appeared 16 to 18 months after application. The first pulse is believed to be due to transport via macropore flow, while the second may have been associated with Br initially retained in the soil matrix. Overall the study showed that in areas of the Coastal Plain where shallow lateral water movement is a dominant loss pathway, agrichemicals applied in the spring move downslope during the wet months, and depending on soil type, may take several seasons before completely leaving the upslope area and moving into or through the riparian forest. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Lowrance, R R AD - Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P. O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 477 EP - 488 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - solute transport KW - riparian vegetation KW - observation wells KW - monitoring KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - water sampling KW - nitrogen KW - nutrients KW - filtration KW - runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16089888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Solute+transport+and+filtering+through+a+riparian+forest&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BLowrance%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solute transport; riparian vegetation; nitrogen; nutrients; water sampling; filtration; runoff; observation wells; monitoring; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Internal drainage through fine-textured subsoils at two sites in North Dakota AN - 16068143; 4105559 AB - To determine if the internal drainage (downward movement of water out of the root zone) was adequate, we measured the movement of water out of the root zone in bordered plots planted to alfalfa. We applied three water quantity treatments: irrigation plus precipitation equal to one, two, and three times the calculated evapotranspiration (1ET, 2ET, and 3ET); and two irrigation water quality treatments: electrical conductivity (EC sub(iw)) of 0.1 S/m, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR sub(iw)) of 4 and EC sub(iw) = 0.34 S /m, SAR sub(iw) = 16. Each treatment was replicated three times. Internal drainage amounts during the irrigation season (1 July to about 1 October) were as great as 843 min. For the seven years at one site, the internal drainage averaged 585 mm, or 66% of the water applied (irrigation plus precipitation) to the 3ET treatment. Increased water application resulted in increased internal drainage. Irrigation with the 0.34 S/m water resulted in greater internal drainage (compared to irrigation with the 0.1 S/m water) at one site, but not at the other site. The 3ET treatment maintained soil water content near field capacity for the entire irrigation season, but a persistent perched water table was not detected. Internal drainage from the 3ET treatments exceeded the total water applied (irrigation plus precipitation) to the 1ET plots for 9 of the 12 site years. The tested soils have sufficient internal drainage capacity to allow supplemental irrigation without forming a perched water table. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Trooien, T P AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Reichman, G A AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 459 EP - 464 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - USA, North Dakota KW - soil properties KW - drainage KW - alfalfa KW - evapotranspiration KW - irrigation KW - root zone KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16068143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Internal+drainage+through+fine-textured+subsoils+at+two+sites+in+North+Dakota&rft.au=Trooien%2C+T+P%3BWienhold%2C+B+J%3BReichman%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Trooien&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage; root zone; soil properties; soil water; irrigation; evapotranspiration; alfalfa; USA, North Dakota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of CLIGEN parameters on WEPP-predicted average annual soil loss AN - 16066064; 4105560 AB - The combination of the weather generator program CLIGEN and the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model provides a way to predict runoff and erosion for individual rainfall events for long periods of simulation. The purposes of this study were to: 1) investigate the required simulation period necessary to obtain stable long-term annual averages of soil erosion for various environmental conditions; 2) investigate the effects of station-to-station variability of CLIGEN input data on the average annual soil loss predictions obtained from WEPP; and 3) develop methods for reducing unreasonable and undesirable levels of such variation while maintaining the integrity of the models in representing regional trends in erosion differences due to climate. The results showed high variations of the average annual soil loss results when the only changes in the input were the climate parameter values used by CLIGEN from one weather station to another, even when the climate was fairly uniform from station to station. A model was proposed to average climate parameters of the station under consideration with the parameters of the surrounding stations. Results obtained using these averaged input values were much more consistent from one station to another for periods longer than 50 years. For shorter periods (30 years), the annual variability of soil loss was larger than the variability induced by climate parameters and averaging these parameters does not improve the results. A comparison of equal soil loss contours obtained after averaging parameters and isoerodent lines from the RUSLE model showed that both reveal similar trends. In mountainous regions this model was not applied because changes in climate of two adjacent stations were sometimes abrupt. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Baffaut, C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Nicks, AD AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 SOIL Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 447 EP - 457 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - CLIGEN KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - climates KW - model studies KW - rainfall KW - runoff KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - simulation analysis KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16066064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Impact+of+CLIGEN+parameters+on+WEPP-predicted+average+annual+soil+loss&rft.au=Baffaut%2C+C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BNicks%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Baffaut&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil erosion; erosion rates; model studies; runoff; rainfall; climates; simulation analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth at elevated carbon dioxide concentration reduces hydraulic conductance in alfalfa and soybean AN - 15970157; 4067273 AB - Hydraulic conductances of alfalfa and soybean plants grown in controlled environment chambers at the current ambient carbon dioxide concentration and at twice the current ambient concentration were determined from measurements of transpiration rate and leaf and stem water potentials in the growth conditions. Growth at elevated carbon dioxide concentration reduced both transpiration rate and hydraulic conductance from the soil to the leaf in both species. Hydraulic conductance from the soil to the base of the stem was also lower at elevated carbon dioxide in soybean, but not alfalfa. These measurements identified the stem to leaf hydraulic pathway as a major target of the carbon dioxide effect in both species. The conductance of excised stem segments was much less in plants growth at elevated carbon dioxide in soybeans. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Bunce, JA AD - Climate St. Lab., USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 155 EP - 158 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - transpiration KW - Glycine max KW - growth KW - Medicago sativa KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15970157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Growth+at+elevated+carbon+dioxide+concentration+reduces+hydraulic+conductance+in+alfalfa+and+soybean&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Medicago sativa; transpiration; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seepage and soil erosion for a clay loam soil AN - 15870051; 4024711 AB - Seepage on a hillslope produces an area susceptible to surface erosion, especially near the bottom of the slope. A laboratory study was conducted to quantify the effects of seepage on soil erosion for the Glynwood clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalf). A 5-m-long, 1.2-m-wide soil box with adjustable slope gradient and water table control was used. A plate was installed in the soil box to force water seepage. Erosion from simulated rainfall and concentrated flow was studied. For the rainfall experiment, the soil box was set to 10% slope and exposed to a sequence of three multiple-intensity storms, ranging from 25 to 100 mm h super(-1), every 2 d. For the concentrated flow experiment, five inflow rates ranging from 3.8 to 30.2 L min super(-1) were applied to 0.2-m-wide flow channels. Flow experiments were conducted at 5 and 10% slopes and for several different seepage and drainage conditions at the 5% slope. Sediment concentrations under seepage conditions averaged 22% higher than those under free drainage with simulated rainfalls. For concentrated flow conditions, sediment concentrations under seepage were approximately 81% higher at the 10% slope. At the 5% slope, sediment concentrations were six times higher for a surface under 20 cm seepage pressure compared with a surface drained for 7 d. Visually, it was observed that seepage greatly increased soil erosion because of its effects on headcut development. A process-based erosion prediction model, such as WEPP, should be expanded to predict seepage conditions and their effects on headcutting. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Huang, Chi-hua AU - Laflen, J M AD - Agron. Dep., Purdue Univ., and USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 SOIL Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 408 EP - 416 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - WEPP KW - headcutting KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - simulated rainfall KW - loam KW - flow channels KW - slopes KW - drainage KW - prediction KW - experimental data KW - soil erosion KW - seepage KW - sediment concentration KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Seepage+and+soil+erosion+for+a+clay+loam+soil&rft.au=Huang%2C+Chi-hua%3BLaflen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Chi-hua&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=408&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seepage; soil erosion; loam; slopes; experimental data; simulated rainfall; sediment concentration; prediction; flow channels; drainage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supercritical carbon dioxide for determining atrazine sorption by field-moist soils AN - 15868824; 4024714 AB - Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide (SF-CO sub(2)) has been used effectively as a method for the extraction of pesticides from soils. This study was intended to test its potential as a means of removing atrazine from soil water for quantification, to allow calculation of sorption coefficients (K sub(d)s) of atrazine in soils having water contents below field capacity. Low-density SF-CO sub(2) removed atrazine from soil solutions without first requiring separation of the solution from the soil. The K sub(d)s obtained by the SF-CO sub(2) method for the topsoil and the lower root zone samples were 1.21 plus or minus 0.04 and 1.14 plus or minus 0.03, respectively, while that of the vadose zone soil was 0.16 plus or minus 0.00. Desorption was rapid; equilibrium was reattained within 7 min. Desorption K sub(d)s for the topsoil and lower root zone soil were constant for successive desorption equilibrations, through removal of approximately 25% of the applied atrazine from the system. The SF-CO sub(2) method can be used to determine the effect of changes in water content and temperature on sorption. It was found that little atrazine can be extracted by the SF-CO sub(2) method from desiccated soil though large amounts of water (16%) caused a dramatic increase in the K sub(d) values determined with SF-CO sub(2). The soil solution concentration at 4% soil water content related linearly to the inverse of the temperature (T, K) and the isosteric heat ( Delta H sub(i)) was determined to be -55.2 plus or minus 1.7 kJ mol super(-1). The SF-CO sub(2) method is promising as a technique to characterize herbicide sorption-desorption from field-moist soils. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Rochette, E A AU - Koskinen, W C AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage., 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 453 EP - 460 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - atrazine KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - desorption KW - sorption KW - topsoil KW - aeration zone KW - soil solution KW - herbicides KW - feasibility studies KW - root zone KW - carbon dioxide KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15868824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Supercritical+carbon+dioxide+for+determining+atrazine+sorption+by+field-moist+soils&rft.au=Rochette%2C+E+A%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Rochette&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sorption; carbon dioxide; soil solution; root zone; aeration zone; desorption; soil water; herbicides; topsoil; feasibility studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation tillage affects root growth of dryland spring wheat under drought AN - 15866604; 4024681 AB - In dryland cropping, no-tillage can increase small grain crop growth compared with conventional tillage. Because root systems develop ahead of aboveground growth and are affected by soil environment, observation of root growth will show the mechanisms by which no-till enhances crop growth. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown in a spring wheat-winter wheat-sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.) rotation begun in 1984 on Temvik-Wilton silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic and Pachic Haploborolls) under conventional till (CT: spring disking), minimal till (MT: spring undercutting) and no-till (NT). Root length growth (RLG) was measured by microvideo camera in pressurized-wall minirhizotrons, and soil water was measured by neutron moisture meter. Relative to CT, NT generally enhanced RLG more than aboveground growth; RLG averaged 65, 130, and 145 km/cm super(2) in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. In 1988, RLG was 37% greater than MT (P < 0.1), with CT intermediate. In 1989, RLG was 40% greater in NT than in CT, with MT intermediate, and RLG in 1990 was 112% greater in NT than CT (no MT). Final biomass averaged 380, 1730, and 3090 kg/ha in 1988 through 1990, and was 36% greater, not significantly different, and 44% greater in NT than CT, respectively. Root penetration was shallow (1.1 m or less) in dry subsoil, but in each year roots penetrated to greater soil depths under NT than under MT or CT. Amounts of stored soil water were generally not significantly different among tillages, but more water was depleted in 1990 under NT than CT. Cooler soil under NT (measured in 1989) and superior soil water conservation in the near-surface zone appear to confer a root growth advantage to the NT treatment. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Merrill, S D AU - Black, AL AU - Bauer, A AD - USDA ARS, Northern Great Plains Res. Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 575 EP - 583 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - wheat KW - agricultural practices KW - comparison studies KW - moisture meters KW - root development KW - growth KW - drought KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15866604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Conservation+tillage+affects+root+growth+of+dryland+spring+wheat+under+drought&rft.au=Merrill%2C+S+D%3BBlack%2C+AL%3BBauer%2C+A&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - comparison studies; drought; wheat; agricultural practices; growth; root development; soil water; moisture meters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of gene-gun injected plasmid DNA in the ovine mammary gland and in lymph nodes draining the injection site AN - 15816871; 3998353 AB - A jet-injection based gene-gun delivery system has been evaluated as a means to transiently transfect the lactating mammary gland in vivo. The model expression plasmid contained the human growth hormone (hGH) structural gene driven by the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene 1 promoter/enhancer region (CMV). Expression from plasmid DNA jet-injected into lactating mammary glands of sheep was at a level sufficient to allow detection by Northern blot analysis when tissue was obtained 48 hours post-transfection. In contrast, mRNA expression following DNA transfer by needle and syringe was detectable by RT-PCR, but not by Northern blot analysis. Furthermore, specific mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in lymph nodes draining the mammary gland injection sites. Jet-injection of CMV-hGH into either muscle or mammary gland resulted in the development of serum antibodies to hGH. The ability to transiently transfect lactating mammary tissue in vivo may circumvent the difficulties encountered with in vitro culture techniques and provide a method for examining mammary regulatory elements and testing fusion gene constructs. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Kerr, DE AU - Furth, P A AU - Powell, A M AU - Wall, R J AD - Gene Evaluation & Mapping Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - Apr 1996 SP - 33 EP - 45 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - sheep KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - gene transfer KW - mammary gland KW - microinjection KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15816871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+gene-gun+injected+plasmid+DNA+in+the+ovine+mammary+gland+and+in+lymph+nodes+draining+the+injection+site&rft.au=Kerr%2C+DE%3BFurth%2C+P+A%3BPowell%2C+A+M%3BWall%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene transfer; mammary gland; microinjection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isopimpinellin is not phototoxic in a chick skin assay. AN - 78474035; 8881335 AB - Synthetic isopimpinellin (5,8-dimethoxypsoralen), confirmed to contain as impurities only trace quantities at most of psoralen, bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) and xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen), is not phototoxic when tested in a chick skin bioassay system. These findings are at variance with earlier studies showing isopimpinellin to be phototoxic against chick skin and support the conclusion that isopimpinellin is photobiologically inactive. As recently proposed by others, the several reports of isopimpinellin photoactivity are most likely attributable to contamination by small amounts of highly active psoralens such as bergapten or xanthotoxin. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Ivie, G W AU - Beier, R C AD - ARS/USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. gwivie@acs.tamu.edu Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 306 EP - 307 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Furocoumarins KW - 0 KW - isopimpinellin KW - 20GCF755G6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Furocoumarins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78474035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Isopimpinellin+is+not+phototoxic+in+a+chick+skin+assay.&rft.au=Ivie%2C+G+W%3BBeier%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Ivie&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of terata in hamsters by solanidane alkaloids derived from Solanum tuberosum. AN - 78397063; 8839045 AB - The potential induction of terata by solanidanes has been of public health concern since a report in 1972 hypothesized that certain birth defects in humans could be attributed to ingestion of blighted potatoes. The potential teratogenicity of solanidane alkaloids from potatoes and tomatoes in domestic livestock had been considered even earlier. In the present report, oral administration of the steroidal alkaloid glycosides alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine and their aglycone solanidine is shown to induce craniofacial malformations (exencephaly, encephalocele, and anophthalmia) in Syrian hamsters. All three alkaloids, that were either isolated or obtained by hydrolysis from Solanum tuberosum (var. Kennebec) sprouts, possessed the 22-(R),25(S)-configuration in the indolizidine moiety with no other isomers present. Toxicity constraints precluded administration of dosages high enough to induce statistically significant levels of terata in litters dosed with alpha-chaconine and permitted the attainment of only marginal statistical significance for alpha-solanine. However, malformation induction at p < 0.005 was observed in litters upon dosing both the nontoxic aglycone solanidine and the derivative solanidine N-oxide at higher levels. The relatively high teratogenicity of nontoxic solanidine, compared to the glycosides, demonstrates that terata induction by solanidanes is not due to maternal toxicity nor is the oligosaccharide portion of steroidal alkaloid glycosides required to facilitate passage of the teratogen to the fetus. The teratogenicity of solanidine N-oxide, a putative metabolite, suggests that N-oxidation is not an effective mammalian detoxification pathway. Relative teratogenic potencies (RTP) were assigned to solanidanes by conversion of literature data to equimolar doses compared to the powerful Veratrum teratogen jervine and the nonteratogenic spirosolane tomatidine. RTP values are as follows: jervine (100), 22(S),-25(R)-solanidanes (50), alpha-chaconine (43), alpha-solanine (32), 22(R),25(S)-solanidine (32), solanidine N-oxide (32), 5 alpha,6-dihydrosolanidine (9), and tomatidine (0). JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Gaffield, W AU - Keeler, R F AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 426 EP - 433 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Mesocricetus KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Cricetinae KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- administration & dosage KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- analysis KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Models, Biological KW - Solanum tuberosum -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78397063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+terata+in+hamsters+by+solanidane+alkaloids+derived+from+Solanum+tuberosum.&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human host avidity in Aedes albopictus: influence of mosquito body size, age, parity, and time of day. AN - 78179039; 8723259 AB - Diel patterns of human host attack by Aedes albopictus in the laboratory were studied in relation to mosquito body size, age, parity, and time of day. Analysis of responses in 10-, 15-, and 20-day-old females indicated a significant main effect due to time of observation in the diel period, as well as significant time x parity and time x age interactions. The distribution of mean host attack responses during the diel period was bimodal with approximately 70% of all activity during photophase (0800-2000 h); attack rates were highest in the morning (0800 h) and evening (1400-2000 h) and lowest between 0200 and 0600 h. The diel pattern of attack responses was bimodal for nulliparous and parous females, but parous females were more active than nulliparous females between 1400 and 2000 h. This pattern became increasingly bimodal during photophase, as mosquitoes aged, regardless of mosquito body size or parity. Variations in host avidity patterns between young and old females suggest that mosquito repellent bioassays initiated early in the day, that last > or = 6 h, or that use young females (approximately 5 days old) overestimate the protection period of deet against mosquitoes > 10 days old. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Xue, R D AU - Barnard, D R AD - USDA, ARS, Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 58 EP - 63 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Aging KW - Body Constitution KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Aedes KW - Insect Bites and Stings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78179039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Human+host+avidity+in+Aedes+albopictus%3A+influence+of+mosquito+body+size%2C+age%2C+parity%2C+and+time+of+day.&rft.au=Xue%2C+R+D%3BBarnard%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of chemical amendments to reduce ammonia volatilization from poultry litter. AN - 78091863; 8778722 AB - Ammonia volatilization from poultry litter often causes high levels of atmospheric ammonia in poultry houses, which is detrimental to both farm workers and birds. Ammonia emissions from houses also aggravate environmental problems, such as acid rain, and result in a loss of fertilizer nitrogen. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of litter amendments on ammonia volatilization and to determine the effect of these amendments on nitrogen and phosphorus content in litter. The results of this research indicate that alum [Al2(SO4)3.18H2O], ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O), and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) dramatically reduce ammonia volatilization form litter. The amount of ammonia lost from litter treated with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) and a proprietory product made of Ca-Fe silicate with a phosphoric acid coating was not different from the control (untreated litter). Aluminum sulfate (alum) and ferrous sulfate also reduced water soluble P concentrations in litter, whereas phosphoric acid greatly increased water-soluble P levels. The most effective compound evaluated with respect to reducing both ammonia loss and P solubility was alum. JF - Poultry science AU - Moore, P A AU - Daniel, T C AU - Edwards, D R AU - Miller, D M AD - USDA, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 315 EP - 320 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Alum Compounds KW - 0 KW - Ferrous Compounds KW - Manure KW - Phosphoric Acids KW - aluminum sulfate KW - 34S289N54E KW - ferrous sulfate KW - 39R4TAN1VT KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - phosphoric acid KW - E4GA8884NN KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Housing, Animal KW - Volatilization KW - Chickens KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78091863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+chemical+amendments+to+reduce+ammonia+volatilization+from+poultry+litter.&rft.au=Moore%2C+P+A%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BEdwards%2C+D+R%3BMiller%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytotoxicity in chicken alimentary secretions as measured by a derivative of the tumor necrosis factor assay. AN - 78086298; 8778724 AB - The host immune response to enteric bacterial infections, including salmonellosis, results in inflammatory cells entering the intestine near the site of infection. These cells produce factors, such as cytokines, that are cytotoxic to bacteria-infected cells, resulting in loss of host cells. In this study, an assay was developed, based on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) assay, that measured the cytotoxic activity in alimentary secretions from chickens during a Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection. Secretions were collected by pilocarpine-induced evacuation from the alimentary tract and clarified by centrifugation. Activity was assessed by the cytotoxic effect of secretions on chicken embryo fibroblasts as target cells. Cytotoxic activity from SE-infected hens was measured at intervals during the first 24 h following infection and daily for the next 10 d. The level of activity varied between hens but was maximal in secretions obtained at 24 h and 10 d after SE infection. Maximal levels of cytotoxic activity in alimentary secretions from hens occurred in response to a dose of 5x10(8) cfu/mL of SE. The cytotoxicity in secretions from SE-exposed hens that were deprived of feed was greater than those from control SE-exposed hens by more than fivefold. JF - Poultry science AU - Arnold, J W AU - Holt, P S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 329 EP - 334 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chick Embryo KW - Food Deprivation KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Fibroblasts KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- immunology KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- immunology KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Poultry Diseases -- immunology KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- secretion KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78086298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Cytotoxicity+in+chicken+alimentary+secretions+as+measured+by+a+derivative+of+the+tumor+necrosis+factor+assay.&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+W%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformations of 2:1 phyllosilicates in 41-year-old soils under oak and pine AN - 52844900; 1996-038280 AB - The large, unconfined lysimeters at the San Dimas Experimental Forest, in southern California, provide a unique setting in which to study decade-scale vegetation effects on mineral weathering. We investigated the 2:1 phyllosilicate mineralogy of lysimeter soils under 41-year-old monocultures of scrub oak (Quercus dumosa Nutt.) and Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri B. Don), and compared the results to archived original fill material. X-ray diffraction showed that mica increased relative to vermiculite in the clay and medium silt fractions of A horizons under both oak and pine, compared to the archived original fill material. The increase, however, was far greater under oak than under pine. No mineralogical differences were observed in the subsurface horizons of either oak or pine, compared to archived material. Nonexchangeable K increased by 23% in the clay fraction of the oak A horizon, and increased by 5% in the clay fraction of the A horizons under pine, relative to archived parent material. Strong evidence supports biocycling as the basis for observed decade-scale mineral transformations. We conclude that the return of K to the soil surface through litter decomposition, and subsequent fixation by vermiculite, resulted in increased mica contents in A horizons. More K may have been fixed by vermiculite in the oak A horizon compared to pine due to greater K concentration in the oak litter pool; earthworm-mediated mineralization of K from organic matter under oak; and presence of fewer roots at the surface under oak, and, consequently, less plant removal of K from the A horizon. JF - Geoderma AU - Tice, K R AU - Graham, R C AU - Wood, H B Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 49 EP - 62 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - Spermatophyta KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - Pinus coulteri KW - clay mineralogy KW - San Dimas Experimental Forest KW - Coniferales KW - Dicotyledoneae KW - Pinus KW - Quercus dumosa KW - California KW - mineral composition KW - mica group KW - Quercus KW - lysimeters KW - soils KW - Los Angeles County California KW - Plantae KW - pedogenesis KW - Gymnospermae KW - weathering KW - clay minerals KW - Southern California KW - Pinaceae KW - parent materials KW - sheet silicates KW - vermiculite KW - San Gabriel Mountains KW - transformations KW - Angiospermae KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52844900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Transformations+of+2%3A1+phyllosilicates+in+41-year-old+soils+under+oak+and+pine&rft.au=Tice%2C+K+R%3BGraham%2C+R+C%3BWood%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Tice&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Angiospermae; California; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; Coniferales; Dicotyledoneae; Gymnospermae; Los Angeles County California; lysimeters; mica group; mineral composition; parent materials; pedogenesis; Pinaceae; Pinus; Pinus coulteri; Plantae; Quercus; Quercus dumosa; San Dimas Experimental Forest; San Gabriel Mountains; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; Southern California; Spermatophyta; transformations; United States; vermiculite; weathering; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport of agricultural chemicals within a small watershed of the Iowa loess hills AN - 52525491; 1999-008600 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Steinheimer, Thomas R AU - Scoggin, Kenwood D A2 - Oteyza, Julian Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 211 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - fertilizers KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - Iowa KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - sediments KW - loess KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52525491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Transport+of+agricultural+chemicals+within+a+small+watershed+of+the+Iowa+loess+hills&rft.au=Steinheimer%2C+Thomas+R%3BScoggin%2C+Kenwood+D&rft.aulast=Steinheimer&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=211&rft.issue=&rft.spage=AGRO+193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 211th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; clastic sediments; environmental analysis; fertilizers; ground water; herbicides; hydrology; Iowa; loess; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; sediments; solute transport; transport; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products from soil by cation exchange AN - 52524665; 1999-008585 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Lerch, R N AU - Thurman, E M A2 - Oteyza, Julian Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 211 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - soils KW - sorption KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - soil vapor extraction KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - liquid scintillation methods KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - hydroxyl ion KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - ion exchange KW - efficiency KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52524665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Extraction+of+hydroxylated+atrazine+degradation+products+from+soil+by+cation+exchange&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BThurman%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=211&rft.issue=&rft.spage=AGRO+068&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 211th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; degradation; efficiency; environmental analysis; herbicides; hydroxyl ion; ion exchange; liquid scintillation methods; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soil vapor extraction; soils; sorption; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of subsurface drains on runoff losses of metolachlor and trifluralin from Mississippi River alluvial soil AN - 52521215; 1999-008590 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Southwick, L M AU - Willis, G H AU - Bengtson, R L AU - Mercado, O A A2 - Oteyza, Julian Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 211 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - concentration KW - stream transport KW - Mississippi Valley KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - metolachlor KW - environmental analysis KW - organic compounds KW - runoff KW - sediments KW - Mississippi River KW - pesticides KW - trifluralin KW - Alluvial soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52521215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Effect+of+subsurface+drains+on+runoff+losses+of+metolachlor+and+trifluralin+from+Mississippi+River+alluvial+soil&rft.au=Southwick%2C+L+M%3BWillis%2C+G+H%3BBengtson%2C+R+L%3BMercado%2C+O+A&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=211&rft.issue=&rft.spage=AGRO+094&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 211th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alluvial soils; concentration; drainage; environmental analysis; herbicides; hydrology; metolachlor; Mississippi River; Mississippi Valley; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; runoff; sediments; soils; solute transport; stream transport; trifluralin; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of Salmonella enteritidis (SE)-immune lymphokines from chickens and turkeys on SE liver invasion in one-day-old chicks and turkey poults AN - 16505637; 4410823 AB - We have shown previously that increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ infectivity in 1-day-old chicks was conferred by the immunoprophylactic administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SEILK). These lymphokines have been found to be present in the cell culture media of concanavalin A-stimulated splenic lymphocytes obtained from SE-immunized chickens. In the present study we evaluated whether turkeys also produced SEILK and whether these lymphokines could protect 1-day-old chicks and turkey poults against SE liver invasion. In addition, we tested the ability of our original chicken SEILK to reduce SE liver invasion in turkey poults. Day-of-hatch chicks and turkey poults were injected intraperitoneally with immune lymphokines of either chicken or turkey origin. One hour later the birds were challenged per os with SE, and 20 hours later their livers were examined by bacteriological methods for the presence of SE. We found that SEILK induced from the splenic lymphocytes of SE-immunized turkeys reduced SE liver invasion in both chicks and turkey poults. Conversely, we also determined that SEILK produced by chicken splenic lymphocytes conferred protection against invasion by SE in turkey poults. This research is the first report of the production of SEILK in turkeys and also the first report on the cross-species activity of these effector molecules in chickens and turkeys. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Kogut, M H AU - McGruder, ED AU - Hargis, B M AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - Mar 1996 SP - 186 EP - 192 VL - 40 IS - 1 KW - animal models KW - liver KW - lymphokines KW - salmonellosis KW - turkeys KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16505637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+%28SE%29-immune+lymphokines+from+chickens+and+turkeys+on+SE+liver+invasion+in+one-day-old+chicks+and+turkey+poults&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BKogut%2C+M+H%3BMcGruder%2C+ED%3BHargis%2C+B+M%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foliage, fine-root, woody-tissue and stand respiration in Pinus radiata in relation to nitrogen status AN - 16038674; 4094981 AB - We measured respiration of 20-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don trees growing in control (C), irrigated (I), and irrigated + fertilized (IL) stands in the Biology of Forest Growth experimental plantation near Canberra, Australia. Respiration was measured on fully expanded foliage, live branches, boles, and fine and coarse roots to determine the relationship between CO sub(2) efflux, tissue temperature, and biomass or nitrogen (N) content of individual tissues. Efflux of CO sub(2) from foliage (dark respiration at night) and fine roots was linearly related to biomass and N content, but N was a better predictor of CO sub(2) efflux than biomass. Respiration (assumed to be maintenance) per unit N at 15 degree C and a CO sub(2) concentration of 400 mu mol mol super(-1) was 1.71 mu mol s super(-1) mol super(-1) N for foliage and 11.2 mu mol s super(-1) mol super(-1) N for fine roots. Efflux of CO sub(2) from stems, coarse roots and branches was linearly related to sapwood volume (stems) or total volume (branches + coarse roots) and growth, with rates for maintenance respiration at 15 degree C ranging from 18 to 104 mu mol m super(-3) s super(-1). Among woody components, branches in the upper canopy and small diameter coarse roots had the highest respiration rates. Stem maintenance respiration per unit sapwood volume did not differ among treatments. Annual C flux was estimated by summing (1) dry matter production and respiration of aboveground components, (2) annual soil CO sub(2) efflux minus aboveground litterfall, and (3) the annual increment in coarse root biomass. Annual C flux was 24.4, 25.3 and 34.4 Mg ha super(-1) year super(-1) for the C, I and IL treatments, respectively. Total belowground C allocation, estimated as the sum of (2) and (3) above, was equal to the sum of root respiration and estimated root production in the IL treatment, whereas in the nutrient-limited C and I treatments, total belowground C allocation was greater than the sum of root respiration and estimated root production, suggesting higher fine root turnover or increased allocation to mycorrhizae and root exudation. Carbon use efficiency, the ratio of net primary production to assimilation, was similar among treatments for aboveground tissues (0.43-0.50). Therefore, the proportion of assimilation used for construction and maintenance respiration on an annual basis was also similar among treatments. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Ryan, M G AU - Hubbard, R M AU - Pongracic, S AU - Raison, R J AU - McMurtrie, R E AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Experiment Stn., 240 West Prospect St., Fort Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - Mar 1996 SP - 333 EP - 343 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - nitrogen KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - Pinus radiata KW - nutrient status KW - nutrient utilization KW - Australia KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16038674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Foliage%2C+fine-root%2C+woody-tissue+and+stand+respiration+in+Pinus+radiata+in+relation+to+nitrogen+status&rft.au=Ryan%2C+M+G%3BHubbard%2C+R+M%3BPongracic%2C+S%3BRaison%2C+R+J%3BMcMurtrie%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus radiata; Australia; respiration; nutrient status; nutrient utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bimodality of the combined removal and signs-of-activities estimator for sampling closed animal populations AN - 15996386; 4076404 AB - The possibility of a bimodal log-likelihood function arises with certain data when the combined removal and signs-of-activities estimator is used. Bimodal log-likelihoods may, in turn, yield disjoint confidence intervals for certain confidence levels. The hypothesis that bimodality is caused by the violation of the equal catchability assumption of the removal model, leading to the combination of contradictory data/models in the combined estimator is set forth. Simulations exploring the effect of the violation of removal model assumptions on estimation and inference showed that the assumption of unequal capture probability influenced the frequency of bimodal likelihoods; similarly, extreme parameter values for probability of capture influenced the number of excessively large confidence intervals produced. A sex-specific combined estimator is developed as a remedial model tailored to the problem. The simulations suggest that both the signs-of-activities estimator and the sex-specific estimator perform equally well over the range of simulations presented, though the signs-of-activities estimator is easier to implement. JF - Environmental and Ecological Statistics AU - Gove, J H AU - Linder, E AU - Tzilkowski, WM AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - Mar 1996 SP - 65 EP - 80 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1352-8505, 1352-8505 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population studies KW - models KW - D 04650:Animals - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.atitle=Bimodality+of+the+combined+removal+and+signs-of-activities+estimator+for+sampling+closed+animal+populations&rft.au=Gove%2C+J+H%3BLinder%2C+E%3BTzilkowski%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Gove&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.issn=13528505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; population studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Rhododendron maximum L. on Acer rubrum L. seedling establishment AN - 15908502; 4037933 AB - Rhododendron maximum L. restricts regeneration of overstory species; however, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Three treatments were used to examine the effects of R. maximum germination success and survival of Acer rubrum L. under a closed overstory canopy: (1) R. maximum understory, (2) open understory, and (3) open understory with shadecloth. Shadecloth treatments mimicked the low light conditions beneath R. maximum (2x that observed under shadecloth, while percent germination and survival in R. maximum plots were lower than in either of the other treatments throughout the sampling period. These results suggest that in addition to the light limitation associated with R. maximum, edaphic effects such as low soil moisture or allelopathic compounds may inhibit Acer rubrum success. JF - Castanea AU - Clinton, B D AU - Vose, J M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Coweeta Hydrologic Lab., 3160 Coweeta Lab. Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - Mar 1996 SP - 38 EP - 45 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0008-7475, 0008-7475 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rhododendron maximum KW - understory KW - shade KW - Acer rubrum KW - seedlings KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15908502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Rhododendron+maximum+L.+on+Acer+rubrum+L.+seedling+establishment&rft.au=Clinton%2C+B+D%3BVose%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhododendron maximum; Acer rubrum; seedlings; understory; shade ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of an invading coccinellid on native coccinellids in an agricultural landscape AN - 15780514; 3992578 AB - Seven native coccinellid species inhabited alfalfa, corn, and small grain fields in eastern South Dakota prior to invasion and establishment of Coccinella septempunctata L. Six species occurred in all crops, however, Adalia bipunctata (L.) occurred only in corn. The structure of native coccinellid communities differed significantly for years prior to compared with years after establishment of C. septempunctata in fields of the three agricultural crops. Differences in community structure were accounted for mainly by reduced abundance of two species, C. transversoguttata richardsoni Brown and Adalia bipunctata. (L.). Annual abundance of C. transversoguttata richardsoni averaged 20-32 times lower during post-invasion years than in years prior to invasion, depending on crop; while annual abundance of A. bipunctata averaged 20 times lower in corn after invasion. Addition of C. septempunctata to the community did not result in a significant increase in total abundance of coccinellids in the crops. Coccinellid abundance in agricultural crops may be limited by the total abundance of prey or by the availability of other requisites in the landscape as a whole. Therefore, introduction of a new species, while resulting in reductions in native species populations, may not increase total coccinellid abundance, and may therefore have no net effect on biological control of aphid pests. JF - Oecologia AU - Elliott, N AU - Kieckhefer, R AU - Kauffman, W AD - USDA, ARS, SPA Plant Sci. Res. Lab., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - Mar 1996 SP - 537 EP - 544 VL - 105 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, South Dakota KW - biological control KW - Aphididae KW - invasions KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - Coccinellidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Effects+of+an+invading+coccinellid+on+native+coccinellids+in+an+agricultural+landscape&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N%3BKieckhefer%2C+R%3BKauffman%2C+W&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Aphididae; USA, South Dakota; biological control; agricultural ecosystems; invasions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerized cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin, beta-CDn) inclusion complex formation with chlorogenic acid: solvent effects on thermochemistry and enthalpy-entropy compensation. AN - 78243160; 8721737 AB - The inclusion of chlorogenic acid (CA) by epichlorohydrin-polymerized cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin, beta-CDn) was studied with regard to temperature, solvent, and water activity aH2O approximately mole fraction = XH2O = 0.8-1 using MeOH as the diluent; 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer). We discovered that the extreme convex curvature in K (the apparent stability constant) as a function of temperature was nearly eliminated at the lowest XH2O. The latter finding argues that this unusual CD behavior in aqueous media was due to perturbations in beta-CD's spatial organization in the polymeric matrix with temperature. Related to this we found, from the dependence of K on XH2O (K = K'XzH2O), that the beta-CDn.CA complex's stoichiometric coefficient, z, for water, varied between 5 and 8, depending on the temperature of the solution (K' = 400-800 M-1; T approximately 295-315 K). Our determinations of z were similar to those reported previously for beta-CD.(+)-limonene (z approximately 7), soluble beta-CD.CA (z approximately 6) or obtained by molecular dynamics calculations for beta-CD.CA reported herein (z approximately 5). However, beta-CDn.CA's z values did show a significant positive correlation with temperature not evident in equivalent solution experiments. Calculations of delta H and delta S at various XH2O values show linear enthalpy-entropy compensation (delta H plotted against delta S) but with a slope (Tc = theta delta H/theta delta S approximately 228 K) significantly less than Tc values determined from either standard aqueous thermodynamic experiments (Tc approximately 305 K on either beta-CD or beta-CDn) or variable XH2O (Tc approximately 272 K) experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest Tc value detected in a multitude of CD.guest studies. This evident solvent effect on Tc strongly argues that the chemical part process of inclusion complex formation involves changes in the solvation of the beta-CDn's binding site. JF - Carbohydrate research AU - Irwin, P L AU - King, G AU - Hicks, K B AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19118, USA. Y1 - 1996/02/28/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 28 SP - 65 EP - 79 VL - 282 IS - 1 SN - 0008-6215, 0008-6215 KW - Cyclodextrins KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - beta-Cyclodextrins KW - Chlorogenic Acid KW - 318ADP12RI KW - betadex KW - JV039JZZ3A KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Thermodynamics KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Carbohydrate Sequence KW - Carbohydrate Conformation KW - Cyclodextrins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78243160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carbohydrate+research&rft.atitle=Polymerized+cyclomaltoheptaose+%28beta-cyclodextrin%2C+beta-CDn%29+inclusion+complex+formation+with+chlorogenic+acid%3A+solvent+effects+on+thermochemistry+and+enthalpy-entropy+compensation.&rft.au=Irwin%2C+P+L%3BKing%2C+G%3BHicks%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-02-28&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carbohydrate+research&rft.issn=00086215&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geometric relationships between whitefly feeding behavior and vascular bundle arrangements AN - 879473318; 14598240 AB - This study revealed strong evidence that nymphs of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, are obligate feeders on vascular bundles and that there are large differences between different host plants as to the availability of vascular bundles to silverleaf whitefly nymphs. The relationship between nymphs and leaf vascular bundles was studied using 1) leaf sectioning and 2) techniques of leaf clearing of intact leaves. A geometric model is presented of the feeding relationship of vascular bundle-using homopterans. The relative abundance of vascular bundles was examined in six species of host plants that varied from highly preferred to tolerably acceptable. Included in order of acceptance were cantaloupe, cotton, hibiscus, broccoli, lantana and lettuce. The length of vascular bundle per 1.0 mm2 of leaf surface ranged from about 10 mm in cantaloupe to 2.8 mm in lettuce. Salivary sheaths were found to connect with vascular bundles in 100% of the intact nymphs examined by the staining and clearing technique. However only 64% of those examined by the sectioning technique appeared to be connected to vascular bundles. This indicates that the sectioning technique leads to a high rate of error, causing an underestimation of the importance of direct contact with vascular bundles. About 50% of epidermal stylet penetrations were through epidermal cells; the remaining 50% went through intercellular junctions. On cotton leaves, the distance between the point of labial contact with the leaf surface and the nearest point of the vascular bundle rarely exceeded 60 mu m. Our studies show that while 50% of lettuce leaf-surface was beyond 60 mu m of a vascular bundle, only 10% of cantaloupe leaf surface area was outside of the 60 mu m range. In cotton, mean distance from labium to the nearest point of the vascular bundle was 40.9 mu m (SEM = 2.66, N = 50, range 0-80 mu m). Over 98% of all salivary sheaths went to minor veins (78% to single-filament vascular bundles, nearly 20% to double filament bundles). Fewer than 2% went to bundles with 3 or more filaments. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Cohen, Allen Carson AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Chu, C C AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Road Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 135 EP - 142 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Cotton KW - Feeding behavior KW - Filaments KW - Host plants KW - Leaves KW - Sectioning KW - Sheaths KW - Surface area KW - Veins KW - Hibiscus KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Lantana KW - Cucumis melo KW - Brassica KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - Y 25030:Foraging and Ingestion KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879473318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Geometric+relationships+between+whitefly+feeding+behavior+and+vascular+bundle+arrangements&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Allen+Carson%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J%3BChu%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1570-7458.1996.tb00774.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Veins; Cotton; Surface area; Abundance; Sectioning; Leaves; Sheaths; Feeding behavior; Filaments; Host plants; Hibiscus; Lantana; Bemisia argentifolii; Cucumis melo; Brassica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00774.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model to predict concentrations of lipophilic chemicals in growing pigs. AN - 78518728; 8907221 AB - A model was devised to examine predicted residue concentrations in the fat of growing pigs under various exposure scenarios. A single body fat pool and transfer rates proportional to concentrations were assumed. When exposure was a constant concentration in the diet, predicted concentrations in fat were maximum at about 30 kg body weight and then declined slowly until the typical 100 kg slaughter weight was reached. Declines in concentrations of recalcitrant compounds in fat of animals moved to a clean environment can be accounted for by dilution in the expanding fat pool. Model simulations suggest that alterations in feeding and management to produce leaner animals may lead to greater transmission of residues to humans. JF - Chemosphere AU - Fries, G F AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 443 EP - 451 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating KW - Animals KW - Computer Simulation KW - Adipose Tissue -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism KW - Dioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78518728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=A+model+to+predict+concentrations+of+lipophilic+chemicals+in+growing+pigs.&rft.au=Fries%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Fries&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hatching cabinet sanitation treatments on Salmonella cross-contamination and hatchability of broiler eggs. AN - 78377654; 8833369 AB - Four trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of hatcher air sanitation utilizing ultraviolet light (UV), ozone, or hydrogen peroxide on bacterial populations, the spread of Salmonella, and hatchability of broiler eggs. The UV light (254 nm, 146 mu W/s) and ozone (0.2 or 0.4 ppm) treatments were continuously applied through the last 3 d of hatch, the hydrogen peroxide treatment (2.5%) was administered 1 or 2 min of each 10 min at rates of 500 or 100 mL/h. Hatchability was not significantly reduced by sanitizing treatments when compared with the untreated control (94 vs 95.6%). As compared to controls, all sanitizing treatments reduced 75 to 99% of the total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella in the hatching cabinet air samples. The use of hydrogen peroxide resulted in greater reduction of bacteria than ozone or UV light. Only hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced Salmonella levels on eggshell fragments. Significant reductions in the number of Salmonella-positive chicks occurred using the ozone and hydrogen peroxide treatments. Hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced the magnitude of Salmonella colonization in chicken ceca. These trials demonstrated that the spread of bacteria can be effectively reduced in the hatching cabinet by air sanitization using UV light, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide. The potential to reduce bacterial cross contamination in the hatcher is achievable without depressing hatchability. JF - Poultry science AU - Bailey, J S AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cox, N A AU - Berrang, M E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 191 EP - 196 VL - 75 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Ozone -- pharmacology KW - Enterobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- radiation effects KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Egg Shell -- microbiology KW - Incidence KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Cross Infection -- physiopathology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- transmission KW - Chick Embryo -- physiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sanitation -- methods KW - Cross Infection -- epidemiology KW - Cross Infection -- veterinary KW - Housing, Animal -- standards KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- physiopathology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- transmission KW - Eggs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78377654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hatching+cabinet+sanitation+treatments+on+Salmonella+cross-contamination+and+hatchability+of+broiler+eggs.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BBerrang%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Efficacy and tolerance of risperidone in various doses (report of a study)]. TT - Ucinnost a snásenlivost risperidonu pri různém dávkování (sdĕlení z praxe). AN - 78264161; 8768938 AB - Risperidone was compared in 2 double blind studies with haloperidol and perphenazine in schizophrenic psychoses. According to the maximal daily dose achieved the risperidone group was divided in 4 subgroups and the risperidone efficacy and tolerability in these groups were compared both mutually and in relation to the baseline. With all doses a good global antipsychotic efficacy has been observed. There were no statistically significant differences in influencing of productive or negative symptoms with exception of significantly more pronounced reduction of productive catatonic symptoms with 2 < max < or = 5 mg in comparison with doses higher than 15 mg daily. Extrapyramidal symptoms were less frequent with lower doses: with 2 < max < or = 5 mg significantly lower occurrence of increased muscle tonus and tremor was found than with higher doses. With maximal daily doses above 10 mg antiparkinson drugs had to be applied in more patients and in the case of trihexyphenidyl this difference reached a statistically significant level. JF - Ceska a slovenska psychiatrie AU - Cesková, E AU - Svestka, J AD - Psychiatrická klinika FNs P Brno-Bohunice. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 50 EP - 56 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 1212-0383, 1212-0383 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Perphenazine KW - FTA7XXY4EZ KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Risperidone KW - L6UH7ZF8HC KW - Index Medicus KW - Haloperidol -- therapeutic use KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Perphenazine -- therapeutic use KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Risperidone -- administration & dosage KW - Schizophrenia -- drug therapy KW - Risperidone -- adverse effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78264161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ceska+a+slovenska+psychiatrie&rft.atitle=%5BEfficacy+and+tolerance+of+risperidone+in+various+doses+%28report+of+a+study%29%5D.&rft.au=Ceskov%C3%A1%2C+E%3BSvestka%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ceskov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ceska+a+slovenska+psychiatrie&rft.issn=12120383&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - cze DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-30 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATPase activity and molecular chaperone function of the stress70 proteins. AN - 78259425; 8742329 AB - The codons for the amino acid residues making up the proposed ATP-binding sites of the maize (Zea mays L.) endoplasmic reticulum and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cytoplasmic Stress70 proteins were deleted from their respective cDNAs. The deletions had little effect on the predicted secondary structure characteristics of the encoded proteins. Both wild-type and mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The mutant recombinant proteins did not bind to immobilized ATP columns, had no detectable ATPase activity, and were unable to function in vitro as molecular chaperones. Additionally, the inability to bind ATP was associated with changes in the oligomerization state of the Stress70 proteins. JF - Plant physiology AU - Miernyk, J A AU - Hayman, T G AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. miernykj@ncaur1.ncaur.gov Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 419 EP - 424 VL - 110 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Binding Sites KW - Mutagenesis KW - Chromatography, Affinity KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Endoplasmic Reticulum -- metabolism KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- metabolism KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases -- metabolism KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases -- isolation & purification KW - Zea mays -- metabolism KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78259425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=ATPase+activity+and+molecular+chaperone+function+of+the+stress70+proteins.&rft.au=Miernyk%2C+J+A%3BHayman%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Miernyk&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Plant Physiol. 1995 Jun;108(2):821-2 [7610169] J Biol Chem. 1985 Aug 25;260(18):10044-9 [2862146] Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1229-37 [4033650] J Biol Chem. 1987 Jan 15;262(2):746-51 [3027066] Anal Biochem. 1988 Jun;171(2):266-70 [3044186] Cell. 1989 Nov 17;59(4):591-601 [2573430] J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):21122-30 [2531744] Nature. 1990 Aug 16;346(6285):623-8 [2143562] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 1;88(7):2874-8 [1826368] Anal Biochem. 1991 Jan;192(1):112-6 [1646572] Plant Mol Biol. 1991 Mar;16(3):475-8 [1893113] Protein Eng. 1991 Oct;4(7):711-7 [1798696] Plant Cell. 1991 May;3(5):483-96 [1840923] J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 5;268(10):7248-55 [8463260] Adv Protein Chem. 1993;44:67-98 [8317298] Annu Rev Biochem. 1993;62:349-84 [8102520] Nature. 1993 Oct 14;365(6447):664-6 [8413631] J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 15;268(35):26049-51 [8253714] J Mol Evol. 1993 Dec;37(6):573-82 [8114110] J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 29;269(17):12893-8 [8175706] Plant Physiol. 1994 Apr;104(4):1371-80 [8016267] Cell. 1994 Aug 12;78(3):365-72 [7914834] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 25;91(22):10345-9 [7937953] J Mol Biol. 1978 Mar 25;120(1):97-120 [642007] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of maternal influence of lamb consumption of locoweed (Oxytropis sericea). AN - 78084889; 8690669 AB - Locoweeds (Oxytropis and Astragalus spp.) are toxic plants found on many rangelands. Preferences for locoweed are learned; livestock often initially reject the plant, but learn to eat locoweed after continued exposure. Maternal influences are important in shaping diet selection in young animals. We studied the influence of ewe consumption of locoweed on lamb selection of the plant. Twenty-four ewes were divided into three treatment groups (n = 8): 1) ewes conditioned to eat locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) and avoid sodgrass (Poa pratensis) (Loco+Sod-); 2) ewes conditioned to avoid locoweed and eat sodgrass (Loco-Sod+); and 3) ewes conditioned to eat sodgrass and not exposed to locoweed (Loco0Sod+). A control group (n = 8) was composed of orphan lambs with no maternal influence (Orphans). All ewes were exposed to locoweed and(or) sodgrass without their lambs for 1 wk. Lambs were exposed to either locoweed or sodgrass with ewes for 5 min/d for 6 d. After weaning, lambs were tested for preferences by offering both locoweed and sodgrass for 3 min/d for 5 d; lambs were then offered only locoweed for 5 min/d for 5 d. Sodgrass was preferred by lambs. Lambs in the Loco+Sod- treatment group tended (P = .06) to take more bites of locoweed than lambs in the Loco0Sod+ group. Also, lambs in the Loco0Sod+ and Loco-Sod+ groups tended (P = .07) to take fewer locoweed bites compared with Orphans. Even though these results tended towards significance, the magnitude of the effect was small. There were no treatment effects when locoweed was offered alone. Although exposure with the mother did not strongly influence lambs to eat (or avoid) locoweed, all lambs ate some locoweed during testing. Short-term maternal influence does not seem to be sufficient to condition a preference for locoweed in lambs. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Pfister, J A AU - Price, K W AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 340 EP - 344 VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Sheep Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Plant Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - Sheep -- psychology KW - Maternal Behavior -- physiology KW - Sheep -- physiology KW - Feeding Behavior -- physiology KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Food Preferences -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78084889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Lack+of+maternal+influence+of+lamb+consumption+of+locoweed+%28Oxytropis+sericea%29.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+J+A%3BPrice%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A microcomputer-based system for real-time analysis of animal movement. AN - 78080071; 8699876 AB - A microcomputer-based video system for tracking, recording, and analyzing the movement of animals in two dimensions on variegated background in real-time has been developed and validated, both mechanically and with moving animals. Hardware and software (donationware) costs are low. Specimens visualized as small as 3 pixels long may be tracked in an arena that is 240 x 320 pixels in size. The results of tracking a mechanical moving spot are compared with a theoretical circular path. Comparisons between frame-by-frame human observation and computer generated X-Y coordinates are also presented. Applications of the tracking system include insect toxicology and pheromone bioassay, vertebrate locomotion studies, and basic research on taxes and kineses. JF - Journal of neuroscience methods AU - Hoy, J B AU - Koehler, P G AU - Patterson, R S AD - USDA-ARS, Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 157 EP - 161 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0165-0270, 0165-0270 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Video Recording KW - Cockroaches KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Rotation KW - Male KW - Computer Systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Motor Activity -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78080071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neuroscience+methods&rft.atitle=A+microcomputer-based+system+for+real-time+analysis+of+animal+movement.&rft.au=Hoy%2C+J+B%3BKoehler%2C+P+G%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Hoy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neuroscience+methods&rft.issn=01650270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of an Aspergillus parasiticus dehydrogenase gene, norA, located on the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster. AN - 77979425; 8593042 AB - An Aspergillus parasiticus cDNA library was screened with monoclonal antibody raised against a purified A. parasiticus 43-kDa protein demonstrating norsolorinic acid reductase (NOR) activity. One immunopositive clone contained a cDNA insert of 1,418 bp. DNA sequence analysis of this cDNA identified an open reading frame of 1,167 bp that represented the norA gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of the norA coding region consisted of 388 residues capable of encoding a polypeptide of 43.7 kDa. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from A. parasiticus indicated that there may be an additional copy of norA. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of crude protein extracts of A. parasiticus mycelia demonstrated a band of reactivity at 43 kDa only when the fungus was grown in a medium conducive to aflatoxin biosynthesis. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of total RNA from the fungus demonstrated a band of hybridization at about 1.5 kb. As observed with the fungal NORA protein, the norA transcript was present only when the fungus was grown in medium conducive to aflatoxin biosynthesis. Hybridization of the norA cDNA with cosmid DNAs known to encompass a major portion of the A. parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway gene cluster placed the norA gene coding region just upstream of the ver-1 gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of norA had 49% amino acid identity with that of an aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (aad) gene from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cary, J W AU - Wright, M AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Lee, R AU - Chu, F S AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. jcary@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 360 EP - 366 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Complementary KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - AAD protein, Clostridium acetobutylicum KW - EC 1.- KW - Alcohol Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.1.- KW - NAD (+) and NADP (+) Dependent Alcohol Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.1.1.- KW - norsolorinic acid ketoreductase KW - EC 1.1.1.349 KW - Aldehyde Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.2.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Aldehyde Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Multigene Family KW - Basidiomycota -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics KW - Basidiomycota -- enzymology KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Species Specificity KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Alcohol Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Alcohol Oxidoreductases -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77979425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+an+Aspergillus+parasiticus+dehydrogenase+gene%2C+norA%2C+located+on+the+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+gene+cluster.&rft.au=Cary%2C+J+W%3BWright%2C+M%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BLee%2C+R%3BChu%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U32377; GENBANK; U24698 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Can J Microbiol. 1973 Nov;19(11):1373-8 [4768832] Microbiology. 1995 Apr;141 ( Pt 4):755-65 [7773383] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Nature. 1990 Jan 4;343(6253):38-43 [2296288] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2365-71 [7793957] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2372-7 [7793958] Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Aug 21;248(3):270-7 [7565588] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jan 15;166(1):38-42 [2405850] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 25;18(24):7463-4 [2259645] Eur J Biochem. 1991 Jan 30;195(2):369-75 [1997322] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):291-306 [2017214] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Feb;58(2):455-60 [1610169] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3564-71 [8285664] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Feb;60(2):670-6 [8135521] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 May;60(5):1444-50 [8017929] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Nov;60(11):4078-85 [7993094] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jan;61(1):40-3 [7887625] Methods Cell Biol. 1973;7:23-51 [4592522] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of Tri3, a gene encoding 15-O-acetyltransferase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. AN - 77978647; 8593041 AB - An acetyltransferase gene (Tri3) was isolated from Fusarium sporotrichioides by complementation of a previously identified Tri3- mutant and shown to be closely linked to three other trichothecene biosynthetic pathway genes. Comparison of the Tri3 sequence with its cDNA revealed the presence of four introns. The Tri3 cDNA contains a 1,539-bp open reading frame that encodes a protein with a molecular mass of 57,418 Da. Regulation of Tri3 transcription in liquid cultures appeared identical to that of other trichothecene pathway genes. Disruption of the Tri3 gene resulted in the accumulation of deacetylated calonectrins rather than T-2 toxin. The results of whole-cell feeding experiments with Tri3- strains suggested that 15-O-acetylation is blocked. Cell-free feeding experiments confirmed that Tri3- strains are able to acetylate a trichothecene C-3 hydroxyl group but are unable to acetylate a trichothecene C-15 hydroxyl group. Our results show that Tri3 encodes an acetyltransferase that converts 15-decalonectrin to calonectrin. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - McCormick, S P AU - Hohn, T M AU - Desjardins, A E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. mccormsp@ncaur1.ncaur.gov Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 353 EP - 359 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Trichothecenes KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - T-2 Toxin -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Trichothecenes -- chemistry KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77978647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+Tri3%2C+a+gene+encoding+15-O-acetyltransferase+from+Fusarium+sporotrichioides.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+S+P%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U22463; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Gene. 1986;49(3):283-93 [3552887] Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Jul 22;248(1):95-102 [7651333] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2444-8 [3162770] Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jul;30(1):4-9 [1147619] Gene. 1988 Mar 31;63(2):297-308 [2838393] EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):279-87 [2403928] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Mar;56(3):702-6 [2317042] J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10 [2231712] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Oct 11;19(19):5227-32 [1923806] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1992 May-Jun;5(3):249-56 [1421511] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993 Jan;300(1):416-22 [8424673] Curr Genet. 1993 Jan;23(1):33-41 [8428381] J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4543-8 [8440737] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;57(3):595-604 [8246841] Curr Genet. 1993 Oct;24(4):291-5 [8252637] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):1923-30 [7646028] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3297-305 [2823126] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil properties and genesis of pans in till-derived Andisols, Olympic Peninsula, Washington AN - 52838765; 1996-039850 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Wilson, M A AU - Burt, R AU - Sobecki, T M AU - Engel, R J AU - Hipple, K Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 206 EP - 218 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - iron oxides KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - outwash KW - optical spectra KW - thin sections KW - silicon KW - Mason County Washington KW - iron KW - Olympic Peninsula KW - aluminum KW - sediments KW - oxides KW - spectra KW - cement KW - gibbsite KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - pedogenesis KW - Washington KW - Grays Harbor County Washington KW - micromorphology KW - duripans KW - colluvium KW - clastic sediments KW - amorphous materials KW - kaolinite KW - till KW - clay minerals KW - Andosols KW - compaction KW - allophane KW - organic compounds KW - brittle materials KW - metals KW - parent materials KW - sheet silicates KW - alluvium KW - SEM data KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52838765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+properties+and+genesis+of+pans+in+till-derived+Andisols%2C+Olympic+Peninsula%2C+Washington&rft.au=Wilson%2C+M+A%3BBurt%2C+R%3BSobecki%2C+T+M%3BEngel%2C+R+J%3BHipple%2C+K&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 plates, 6 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - allophane; alluvium; aluminum; amorphous materials; Andosols; brittle materials; cement; clastic sediments; clay minerals; colluvium; compaction; duripans; gibbsite; Grays Harbor County Washington; iron; iron oxides; kaolinite; Mason County Washington; metals; micromorphology; Olympic Peninsula; optical spectra; organic compounds; organic materials; outwash; oxides; parent materials; pedogenesis; sediments; SEM data; sheet silicates; silicates; silicon; soils; spectra; thin sections; till; United States; Washington; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum Interactions with Voltage-Dependent Calcium Transport in Plasma Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Roots of Aluminum-Sensitive and -Resistant Wheat Cultivars. AN - 1859375763; 12226204 AB - The role of Al interactions with root-cell plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ channels in Al toxicity and resistance was studied. The experimental approach involved the imposition of a transmembrane electrical potential (via K+ diffusion) in right-side-out PM vesicles derived from roots of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Al-sensitive Scout 66 and Al-resistant Atlas 66). We previously used this technique to characterize a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel in the wheat root PM (J.W. Huang, D.L. Grunes, L.V. Kochian [1994] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 3473-3477). We found that Al3+ effectively blocked this PM Ca2+ channel; however, Al3+ blocked this Ca2+ channel equally well in both the Al-sensitive and -resistant cultivars. It was found that the differential genotypic sensitivity of this Ca2+ transport system to Al in intact roots versus isolated PM vesicles was due to Al-induced malate exudation localized to the root apex in Al-resistant Atlas but not in Al-sensitive Scout. Because malate can effectively chelate Al3+ in the rhizosphere and exclude it from the root apex, the differential sensitivity of Ca2+ influx to Al in intact roots of Al-resistant versus Al-sensitive wheat cultivars is probably due to the maintenance of lower Al3+ activities in the root apical rhizosphere of the resistant cultivar. JF - Plant physiology AU - Huang, J. W. AU - Pellet, D. M. AU - Papernik, L. A. AU - Kochian, L. V. AD - United States Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 561 EP - 569 VL - 110 IS - 2 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859375763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Aluminum+Interactions+with+Voltage-Dependent+Calcium+Transport+in+Plasma+Membrane+Vesicles+Isolated+from+Roots+of+Aluminum-Sensitive+and+-Resistant+Wheat+Cultivars.&rft.au=Huang%2C+J.+W.%3BPellet%2C+D.+M.%3BPapernik%2C+L.+A.%3BKochian%2C+L.+V.&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of basal crop coefficients for corn based on growing degree days, growth stage, or time AN - 16068651; 4105577 AB - Basal crop coefficients for estimating corn evapotranspiration that are based on time do not account for variations in plant development that occur due to differences in growing season temperature, hybrid maturity length, and planting date. Crop coefficients based on growing degree days (GDD) or observed growth stage (GS) are available that would adjust to abnormal growing conditions. This article reports the results of Colorado field tests of corn basal crop coefficients derived in Nebraska based on either GS or GDD. These crop coefficients were tested for a range of planting dates and corn hybrid maturities. Generally, these crop coefficients estimated corn evapotranspiration (ETcorn) more closely to water balance measurements of ET than did time-based (TB) crop coefficients. Coefficients based on observed growth stage or growing degree days simplify ET prediction and irrigation scheduling because adjustments for abnormal environmental conditions or planting dates are not necessary. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Nielsen, D C AU - Hinkle, SE AD - USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Res. Stn., P.O. Box 400, Akron, CO 80720, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 97 EP - 103 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - basal crop coefficient KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - field tests KW - weather KW - evapotranspiration KW - corn KW - irrigation KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16068651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+basal+crop+coefficients+for+corn+based+on+growing+degree+days%2C+growth+stage%2C+or+time&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+D+C%3BHinkle%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - field tests; corn; evapotranspiration; irrigation; weather ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management effects on nitrogen and phosphorus losses in runoff on expansive clay soils AN - 16068444; 4105538 AB - Raised wide beds have been proposed as a conservation tillage practice for reducing erosion losses in vertisols, but few measurements of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses have been reported. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of tillage systems and fertilizer N application methods on sediment and nutrient losses associated with interrill runoff. Simulated rainfall events (125 mm h super(-1) until 30 min of runoff had occurred) were applied to raised wide beds (0.15 m high and 1.5 m wide with 0.5-m-wide furrows) on a Houston Black clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts) which had been managed with either a no-till or a chisel-till tillage system. Three simulated methods of applying fertilizer N (surface band, coulter-nozzle, or spoke wheel simulated field practices) were compared in a split plot experimental design with four replications. Total N and P losses, as well as fertilizer N losses, in both sediment and solution from interrill runoff were determined from 1 m super(2) plots. While no P was applied in fertilizer, greater P losses were observed with the chisel-till compared to no-till. While N losses in runoff were relatively low, fertilizer N application with surface banding or the coulter-nozzle applicator in no-till had greater total N and fertilizer N losses. Under relatively wet soil water conditions, respective losses of total inorganic N and fertilizer N in solution were greater from no-till with 4.0 and 2.0 kg N ha super(-1) lost, as compared to 0.2 and 0.1 kg N ha super(-1) lost from chisel-till per rainfall event. Losses of N in sediment were greatest in chisel-till, with 2.1 and 0.03 kg N ha super(-1) lost from chisel-till, as compared to 0.6 and 0.01 kg N ha super(-1) lost from no-till, of total N and fertilizer N per rainfall event, respectively. The greatest N losses during the runoff event was observed with the surface banded and coulter-nozzle fertilizer application methods in no-till due to increased fertilizer N losses. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Torbert, HA AU - Potter, K N AU - Morrison, JE Jr AD - USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 161 EP - 166 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - conservation tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - simulated rainfall KW - clays KW - agricultural practices KW - erosion control KW - cultivated lands KW - runoff KW - soil conservation KW - phosphorus KW - nitrogen KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16068444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Management+effects+on+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+losses+in+runoff+on+expansive+clay+soils&rft.au=Torbert%2C+HA%3BPotter%2C+K+N%3BMorrison%2C+JE+Jr&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen; phosphorus; soil conservation; erosion control; runoff; simulated rainfall; agricultural practices; clays; soil water; cultivated lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gully headcut advance AN - 16068123; 4105574 AB - Gully headcut advance rates were examined in a cohesive soil with multiple overfall heights and discharges. Eleven tests were conducted in a 1.8-m-wide and 29-m-long flume at near field scale. Preformed overfalls with average heights of 0.96, 1.25, and 1.55 m were tested to failure at average discharges of 0.75, 1.59, and 2.42 m super(3)/s. Soil from the same source was used for all tests. The observed headcut advance rates ranged from 0 to 1.6 m/h. All but one test displayed uniform headcut advance rates. The tests were performed while attempting to hold soil moisture and soil density constant and examining the influence of overfall height and discharge on headcut advance. The observed variation in placed soil conditions appeared to have as much influence on headcut advance as did the overfall height and discharge variations. Examination of a subset of the data suggests that the advance rate increases as the overfall height increases. The aeration status of the headcut and the dominant mode of failure are discussed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Robinson, K M AU - Hanson, G J AD - USDA-ARS, Hydraulics Unit, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 33 EP - 38 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - discharge rates KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - spillways KW - erosion rates KW - experimental data KW - gullies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16068123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Gully+headcut+advance&rft.au=Robinson%2C+K+M%3BHanson%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gullies; erosion rates; spillways; experimental data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of macropore properties for no-till soils AN - 16066149; 4105578 AB - Macropores contribute to rapid movement of water and solutes through the soil. Determining the size and distribution of macropore requires laborious field and/or laboratory procedures. The objective of this study was to develop methods for estimating macropore size and distribution based on more easily obtained data such as soil texture, one set of pore size, and count and/or macropore saturated hydraulic conductivity. Algorithms based on fractal geometry were developed to estimate the soil macropore properties of macropore sizes/counts, areal porosity, and/or saturated hydraulic conductivity. A database representing five soil textures under a no-till farming practice was used to develop empirical equations to calculate macropore size/count, areal porosity, and macropore conductivity based on three levels of available data. The three levels of input data are soil texture and (1) an arbitrary size (R sub(x)) and pore count above that size (N sub(x)); (2) a measured macropore saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sub(macro)); or (3) an estimated largest macropore radius (R sub(1)). The form of all regression equations were shown to be consistent with equations from fractal geometry. The developed equations were tested with independent, published macropore data and their reported variances. The verifications indicated that satisfactory estimates of macropore size/counts, areal porosity, and saturated conductivity can be made from more readily available macropore data. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Rawls, W J AU - Brakensiek, D L AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-ARS, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20707, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 91 EP - 95 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - agricultural practices KW - soil texture KW - Flow Rates KW - databases KW - macropores KW - permeability coefficient KW - fractals KW - porosity KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16066149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+macropore+properties+for+no-till+soils&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BBrakensiek%2C+D+L%3BLogsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - macropores; soil water; porosity; soil texture; permeability coefficient; fractals; Flow Rates; databases; agricultural practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gradient analysis of infiltration and environmental variables as related to rangeland vegetation AN - 16066049; 4105576 AB - Rangeland plant communities and the hydrologic cycle associated with them are multivariate in nature and are affected by many interacting biotic and abiotic components. A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to apply rainfall in three applications (dry run, wet run, and very wet run) to paired 3.05- x 10.7-m runoff plots. Representative plant community types were tall-grass, mixed-grass, short-grass prairie, and sagebrush steppe. Indirect gradient analysis was used to summarize relationships between rangeland plant communities, infiltration, and soil variables. Effective terminal infiltration rate (f sub(e)) was consistently higher in sagebrush communities. The best coefficient of determination of f sub(e) for the pooled data set (144 runoff plots, 24 sites, 10 states) was R super(2) = 0.45. Infiltration equations which represented rangeland community types (short-grass, mixed-grass, tall-grass, and sagebrush-grass) were more robust (R super(2) values > 0.71). The inclusion of endemic plant species in the model building process also improved f sub(e) rates. For example, in the tall-grass prairie, the inclusion of above-ground indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) biomass, an endemic native grass species, and other plants as independent variables increased regression coefficients of determination from 0.71 to 0.82. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Spaeth, KE AU - Pierson, F B AU - Weltz, MA AU - Awang, J B AD - USDA-Nat. Resour. Conserv. Serv., Northwest Watershed Res. Cent., 800 Park Blvd., Plaza IV, Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 67 EP - 77 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - infiltration rates KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - grasses KW - hydrologic budget KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - estimating equations KW - vegetation KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16066049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Gradient+analysis+of+infiltration+and+environmental+variables+as+related+to+rangeland+vegetation&rft.au=Spaeth%2C+KE%3BPierson%2C+F+B%3BWeltz%2C+MA%3BAwang%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Spaeth&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vegetation; hydrologic budget; grasses; soil-water-plant relationships; estimating equations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall simulator and plot design for mesoplot runoff studies AN - 16064992; 4106297 AB - There is need to evaluate the effects of agricultural production activities on sedimentation, pesticide, and nutrient losses under controlled, simulated rainfall on plots large enough (generally exceeding 50 m super(2)) to incorporate realistic slope lengths and dominant processes that control runoff and sediment yield from "field-size" areas. Therefore, a rainfall simulator system was developed for 600-m super(2) plots (mesoplots) to evaluate runoff (water and sediment) and agrichemical movement from fields for different tillage practices and chemical applications. The rainfall simulator applies water with irrigation sprinklers spaced 3 m apart on two irrigation laterals arranged 14.6 m apart along the plot length. Runoff and sediment were collected in a V-shaped trough and directed to a flume for measuring and sampling. Simulated rainfall of 25 mm/h with a median drop diameter of 1.52 mm had a coefficient of uniformity of 91 over the plot area. Water was applied and sediment and runoff collected from two mesoplots for six events over a corn-growing season. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Sumner, H R AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Truman, C C AU - Dowler, C C AU - Hook, JE AD - USDA-ARS-IBPMRL, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 125 EP - 130 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - nutrients KW - simulated rainfall KW - agricultural chemicals KW - sampling KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - runoff KW - sedimentation KW - pesticides KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Rainfall+simulator+and+plot+design+for+mesoplot+runoff+studies&rft.au=Sumner%2C+H+R%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BTruman%2C+C+C%3BDowler%2C+C+C%3BHook%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulated rainfall; runoff; nutrients; sedimentation; agricultural chemicals; sampling; pesticides; nonpoint pollution sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff simulated from Goodwin Creek Watershed using SWAT AN - 16063143; 4106302 AB - Goodwin Creek Watershed (GCW), located in northern Mississippi, was simulated for 10 years using a deterministic simulation model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). GCW contains 14 instream measuring stations for runoff. Each measuring station represented an outlet of one or more nested subbasins, which were each simulated separately and routed to each outlet using SWAT. Each subbasin was described using the GRASS geographic information system, integrated with SWAT, to determine input parameters. Storm event rainfall was measured individually from one raingage for each subbasin. Results show that simulations using SWAT predicted the relative trends of runoff on a daily and annual basis from multiple subbasins, except for a completely wooded subbasin. Using GCW, this study has shown that SWAT has the capability of adequately simulating the effects on runoff from the temporal and spatial variability of watershed characteristics. Accurately simulating runoff improves the prediction of the movement of chemicals, nutrients, and sediment. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bingner, R L AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Sedimentation Lab., P. O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 85 EP - 90 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Mississippi Goodwin Creek KW - geographic information systems KW - mathematical models KW - model studies KW - stream flow KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - rivers KW - volumetric analysis KW - runoff KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16063143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Runoff+simulated+from+Goodwin+Creek+Watershed+using+SWAT&rft.au=Bingner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bingner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; monitoring; runoff; stream flow; watersheds; rivers; volumetric analysis; model studies; geographic information systems; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Furrow irrigation water-quality effects on soil loss and infiltration AN - 15882685; 4029223 AB - Irrigation-induced erosion is a serious problem in the western USA where irrigation water quality can vary seasonally and geographically. We hypothesized that source-water electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR = Na/[(Ca + Mg) /2] super(0.5), where concentrations are in millimoles of charge per liter) affect infiltration and sediment losses from irrigated furrows, and warrant specific consideration in irrigation-induced erosion models. On a fallow Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid), tail-water sediment loss was measured from trafficked and nontrafficked furrows irrigated with waters of differing quality. Treatments were the four combinations of low or high EC (0.6 and 2 dS m super(-1)) and low or high SAR (0.7 and 12 [mmol sub(c) L super(-1)] super(0.5)). Slope is 1%. Twelve irrigations were monitored. Each furrow received two irrigations. Main effects for water quality, traffic, and first vs. second irrigations were significant for total soil loss, mean sediment concentration, total outflow, net infiltration, and advance time. Average tail-water soil losses were 2.5 Mg ha super(-1) from low EC/low SAR furrows, 4.5 Mg ha super(-1) from low EC/high SAR furrows, 3.0 Mg ha super(-1) from high EC/high SAR furrows; and 1.8 Mg ha super(-1) from high EC/low SAR furrows. Elevating water EC decreased sediment concentration from 6.2 to 4.6 g L super(-1), but increasing SAR increased sediment concentration from 6.2 to 8.7 g L super(-1). Net infiltration decreased 14% in high SAR compared with low SAR treatments. Soil loss increased 68% for second irrigations, and net infiltration fell 23% in trafficked furrows, but water-quality effects were the same. Water quality significantly influenced infiltration and erosion processes in irrigated furrows on Portneuf soils. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Lentz, R D AU - Sojka, R E AU - Carter, D L AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Res. Lab., 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 238 EP - 245 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - SAR KW - soil loss KW - furrows KW - USA, Western KW - furrow irrigation KW - conductivity KW - loam KW - sediment concentration KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - irrigation KW - sediments KW - soil erosion KW - adsorption KW - infiltration KW - seasonal variations KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15882685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Furrow+irrigation+water-quality+effects+on+soil+loss+and+infiltration&rft.au=Lentz%2C+R+D%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BCarter%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - furrow irrigation; water quality; infiltration; soil erosion; conductivity; adsorption; loam; sediment concentration; furrows; irrigation; sediments; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil temperature, water content, and barley development of level vs. ridged subarctic seedbeds AN - 15867694; 4024674 AB - Ridge tillage may promote early-season warming of soils in subarctic regions and thereby optimize the plant growing environment. This study was conducted to assess soil temperature and water content, along with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) development, on a level vs. ridged Pergelic Cryaquept at Fairbanks, AK. Ridges were oriented north-south, east-west, northeast-southwest, and northwest-southeast. Seed zone soil temperature and water content were measured, the former by thermocouples, at the ridge peak and furrow as well as on ridge slopes where barley was grown during the 1989 through 1991 growing seasons. Barley grown on the level surface and on southerly ridge aspects produced at least 25 g m super(-1) more grain and 20 g m super(-1) more straw than barley grown on northerly aspects. The vegetative developmental rate was 0.03 leaves d super(-1) faster on southern ridge aspects or the level surface than on northern aspects, owing to 2 degree C higher temperatures of soil with a southerly or level exposure. Soil water content on northern ridge aspects was occasionally 0.05 m super(3) m super(-3) higher than on southern aspects in the early growing season (60 d after planting). In the subarctic, the plant growing environment is as favorable on a level soil surface as on a south-facing ridge aspect, owing to nearly equal early-season soil temperatures and higher soil water content in the late season. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, North Central Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., North Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 258 EP - 263 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil temperature KW - subarctic zone KW - agricultural practices KW - barley KW - seeds KW - crop production KW - USA, Alaska, Fairbanks KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15867694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+temperature%2C+water+content%2C+and+barley+development+of+level+vs.+ridged+subarctic+seedbeds&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - barley; soil temperature; subarctic zone; soil water; seeds; agricultural practices; crop production; USA, Alaska, Fairbanks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The toxic and abortifacient effects of ponderosa pine. AN - 78366363; 8826003 AB - Ponderosa pine needles cause abortion and a poorly described toxicosis when eaten by cattle. In previous trials, the abortifacient compound of pine needles was identified as isocupressic acid. At abortifacient doses, isocupressic acid caused no other toxicosis. However, other pine needle fractions, similar in composition to several commercially available rosin products, caused no abortion but were very toxic. The purpose of this study was to describe the toxicoses of ponderosa pine, compare its toxicity with other rosin and related pine products, and identify the toxin. Four groups of three pregnant beef cows each were treated with either ponderosa pine tips, rosin gum, dehydroabietic acid, or ground alfalfa. The cows treated with pine tips aborted, had retained placentas with endometritis, and developed both renal and neurologic lesions. The cattle treated with rosin gum or dehydroabietic acid did not abort but developed similar signs and lesions of intoxication. Clinical signs of intoxication included anorexia, mild rumen acidosis, dyspnea, paresis progressing to paralysis, and death. Clinical biochemical results, suggestive of renal, hepatic, and muscular disease, included azotemia, hypercreatinemia, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, and marked elevations of various serum enzymes. Histologically, all poisoned animals had nephrosis, vacuolation of basal ganglia neuropil with patchy perivascular and myelinic edema, and skeletal myonecrosis. The alfalfa-treated controls were normal. These findings suggest that ponderosa pine needles and tips are both abortifacient and toxic. Because the lesions caused by pine tips, rosin gum, and dehydroabietic acid are similar, toxicosis is most likely due to the diterpene abietane acids, common in all three. JF - Veterinary pathology AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Gardner, D R AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 22 EP - 28 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0300-9858, 0300-9858 KW - Abortifacient Agents KW - 0 KW - Diterpenes KW - Diterpenes, Abietane KW - Resins, Plant KW - dehydroabietic acid KW - 0S5XP6S3AU KW - rosin KW - 88S87KL877 KW - Index Medicus KW - Diterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Resins, Plant -- pharmacology KW - Paralysis -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Lumbar Vertebrae -- physiology KW - Cattle KW - Paralysis -- chemically induced KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- etiology KW - Medicago sativa -- standards KW - Bison KW - Lumbar Vertebrae -- pathology KW - Paralysis -- veterinary KW - Lumbar Vertebrae -- drug effects KW - Anorexia -- chemically induced KW - Anorexia -- veterinary KW - Resins, Plant -- analysis KW - Female KW - Anorexia -- metabolism KW - Abortifacient Agents -- analysis KW - Abortifacient Agents -- adverse effects KW - Trees KW - Plant Leaves -- cytology KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Animal Feed -- standards KW - Abortifacient Agents -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78366363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+pathology&rft.atitle=The+toxic+and+abortifacient+effects+of+ponderosa+pine.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+pathology&rft.issn=03009858&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal dynamics of active soil carbon and nitrogen pools under intensive cropping in conventional and no tillage AN - 64874743; 157659-7 JF - Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenernaehrung und Bodenkunde AU - Franzluebbers, Alan J AU - Hons, Frank M AU - Zuberer, David A Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 343 EP - 349 PB - Verlag Chemie, Weinheim VL - 159 IS - 4 SN - 0044-3263, 0044-3263 KW - United States KW - clay KW - biomass KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - temperature KW - nitrogen KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - mineralization KW - water regimes KW - pH KW - climate KW - soils KW - biodegradation KW - clastic sediments KW - metabolism KW - agriculture KW - Texas KW - silt KW - nutrients KW - calcareous composition KW - loam KW - seasonal variations KW - soil management KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64874743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+fuer+Pflanzenernaehrung+und+Bodenkunde&rft.atitle=Seasonal+dynamics+of+active+soil+carbon+and+nitrogen+pools+under+intensive+cropping+in+conventional+and+no+tillage&rft.au=Franzluebbers%2C+Alan+J%3BHons%2C+Frank+M%3BZuberer%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Franzluebbers&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fuer+Pflanzenernaehrung+und+Bodenkunde&rft.issn=00443263&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/en/journals/alphabeticIndex/2045/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; atmospheric precipitation; biodegradation; biomass; calcareous composition; carbon; clastic sediments; clay; climate; loam; metabolism; mineralization; nitrogen; nutrients; pH; seasonal variations; sediments; silt; soil management; soils; temperature; Texas; United States; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing diffuse pollution through implementation of agricultural best management practices; a case study AN - 52774475; 1996-073056 JF - Water Science and Technology AU - Cook, M G AU - Hunt, P G AU - Stone, K C AU - Canterberry, J H A2 - Straskraba, M. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 191 EP - 196 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 33 IS - 4-5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - wells KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - fertilizers KW - agricultural waste KW - ammonium ion KW - watersheds KW - observation wells KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - Duplin County North Carolina KW - alachlor KW - nitrate ion KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - hydrology KW - best management practices KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - North Carolina KW - shallow aquifers KW - pesticides KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52774475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Reducing+diffuse+pollution+through+implementation+of+agricultural+best+management+practices%3B+a+case+study&rft.au=Cook%2C+M+G%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BCanterberry%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/toc.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2nd IAWQ international specialized conference and symposia on Diffuse pollution N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WSTED4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; alachlor; ammonium ion; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; best management practices; case studies; concentration; Duplin County North Carolina; fertilizers; ground water; herbicides; hydrology; monitoring; nitrate ion; nonpoint sources; North Carolina; nutrients; observation wells; optimization; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; shallow aquifers; soil management; United States; water quality; watersheds; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity analysis for regional-scale solute transport modeling AN - 52719943; 1997-037479 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Addiscott, Thomas M AU - Tuck, Gill A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 153 EP - 162 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - solute transport KW - pollutants KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - geographic information systems KW - sensitivity analysis KW - information systems KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52719943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+analysis+for+regional-scale+solute+transport+modeling&rft.au=Addiscott%2C+Thomas+M%3BTuck%2C+Gill&rft.aulast=Addiscott&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; land use; mathematical models; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; sensitivity analysis; solute transport; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geostatistics; tools for advanced spatial modeling in GIS AN - 52719884; 1997-037474 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Journel, Andre G A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 39 EP - 55 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - spatial data KW - computer languages KW - kriging KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - mathematical geology KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - California KW - geographic information systems KW - stochastic processes KW - Fortran KW - data bases KW - San Joaquin Valley KW - three-dimensional models KW - pollutants KW - variance analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - geostatistics KW - two-dimensional models KW - aquifers KW - models KW - computer programs KW - case studies KW - variograms KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52719884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Geostatistics%3B+tools+for+advanced+spatial+modeling+in+GIS&rft.au=Journel%2C+Andre+G&rft.aulast=Journel&rft.aufirst=Andre&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; California; case studies; computer languages; computer programs; data bases; data processing; Fortran; geographic information systems; geostatistics; ground water; information systems; kriging; mathematical geology; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; San Joaquin Valley; solute transport; spatial data; statistical analysis; stochastic processes; three-dimensional models; two-dimensional models; United States; unsaturated zone; variance analysis; variograms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Baseflow mapping of the south-central and southeastern United States using GIS AN - 52719552; 1997-037486 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Muttiah, Ranjan S AU - Srinivasan, R AU - Allen, Peter M AU - Arnold, Jeffrey G A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 247 EP - 257 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - three-dimensional models KW - pollutants KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - fluid dynamics KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - geographic information systems KW - sensitivity analysis KW - shallow aquifers KW - information systems KW - DRASTIC KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52719552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Baseflow+mapping+of+the+south-central+and+southeastern+United+States+using+GIS&rft.au=Muttiah%2C+Ranjan+S%3BSrinivasan%2C+R%3BAllen%2C+Peter+M%3BArnold%2C+Jeffrey+G&rft.aulast=Muttiah&rft.aufirst=Ranjan&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; DRASTIC; fluid dynamics; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; land use; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; sensitivity analysis; shallow aquifers; three-dimensional models; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS applications of deterministic solute transport models for regional-scale assessment of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone AN - 52719510; 1997-037476 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Corwin, Dennis L A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 69 EP - 100 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - solute transport KW - pollutants KW - one-dimensional models KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - nonpoint sources KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52719510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=GIS+applications+of+deterministic+solute+transport+models+for+regional-scale+assessment+of+non-point+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone&rft.au=Corwin%2C+Dennis+L&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 216 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; drinking water; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; mathematical models; models; nonpoint sources; one-dimensional models; pollutants; pollution; solute transport; transport; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An integrated approach for modeling water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone AN - 52718730; 1997-037484 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Mohanty, Binayak P AU - van Genuchten, Martinus T A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 217 EP - 233 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - nonpoint sources KW - fluid dynamics KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - computer programs KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52718730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=An+integrated+approach+for+modeling+water+flow+and+solute+transport+in+the+vadose+zone&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+Binayak+P%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+T&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=Binayak&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; computer programs; data processing; fluid dynamics; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; mathematical models; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; soils; solute transport; transport; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unsatchemgeo; modeling water flow and multicomponent solute transport in a GIS context AN - 52717497; 1997-037485 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Vaughan, Peter J AU - Simunek, Jiri AU - Suarez, Donald L AU - Corwin, Dennis L AU - Rhoades, James D A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 235 EP - 246 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - San Joaquin Valley KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - case studies KW - California KW - finite element analysis KW - geographic information systems KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52717497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Unsatchemgeo%3B+modeling+water+flow+and+multicomponent+solute+transport+in+a+GIS+context&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Peter+J%3BSimunek%2C+Jiri%3BSuarez%2C+Donald+L%3BCorwin%2C+Dennis+L%3BRhoades%2C+James+D&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; California; case studies; finite element analysis; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; San Joaquin Valley; solute transport; statistical analysis; United States; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NLEAP/GIS approach for identifying and mitigating regional nitrate-nitrogen leaching AN - 52717417; 1997-037488 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Shaffer, M J AU - Hall, Maurice D AU - Wylie, B K AU - Wagner, David G A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 283 EP - 294 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - pollutants KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - case studies KW - geographic information systems KW - alluvium aquifers KW - information systems KW - nitrate ion KW - leaching KW - Colorado KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52717417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=NLEAP%2FGIS+approach+for+identifying+and+mitigating+regional+nitrate-nitrogen+leaching&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+M+J%3BHall%2C+Maurice+D%3BWylie%2C+B+K%3BWagner%2C+David+G&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium aquifers; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; case studies; Colorado; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; leaching; models; nitrate ion; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; simulation; United States; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS and hydrologic models of non-point source pollution in subsurface water AN - 52717234; 1997-037480 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Maidment, David R A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 163 EP - 174 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - fertilizers KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - Texas KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - case studies KW - geographic information systems KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - nitrate ion KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52717234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=GIS+and+hydrologic+models+of+non-point+source+pollution+in+subsurface+water&rft.au=Maidment%2C+David+R&rft.aulast=Maidment&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; case studies; concentration; data bases; data processing; fertilizers; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; models; nitrate ion; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; soils; Texas; United States; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertainty in regional-scale assessments of non-point source pollutants AN - 52717198; 1997-037478 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Loague, K AU - Corwin, Dennis L A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 131 EP - 152 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - pollutants KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - decision-making KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - geographic information systems KW - sensitivity analysis KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52717198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Uncertainty+in+regional-scale+assessments+of+non-point+source+pollutants&rft.au=Loague%2C+K%3BCorwin%2C+Dennis+L&rft.aulast=Loague&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; decision-making; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; mathematical models; models; Monte Carlo analysis; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; sensitivity analysis; statistical analysis; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of advanced information technology in assessing environmental impacts AN - 52717150; 1997-037472 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Goodchild, Michael F A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - Global Positioning System KW - three-dimensional models KW - pollutants KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - fuzzy logic KW - computer programs KW - interactive techniques KW - geographic information systems KW - risk assessment KW - information systems KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52717150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=The+application+of+advanced+information+technology+in+assessing+environmental+impacts&rft.au=Goodchild%2C+Michael+F&rft.aulast=Goodchild&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; computer programs; data processing; fuzzy logic; geographic information systems; Global Positioning System; ground water; information systems; interactive techniques; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; remote sensing; risk assessment; three-dimensional models; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS applications to the basin-scale assessment of soil salinity and salt loading to groundwater AN - 52716845; 1997-037489 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Corwin, Dennis L AU - Rhoades, James D AU - Vaughan, Peter J A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 295 EP - 313 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - Yuma Arizona KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - salinity KW - nonpoint sources KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - case studies KW - geographic information systems KW - infiltration KW - Yuma County Arizona KW - Arizona KW - steady-state processes KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52716845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=GIS+applications+to+the+basin-scale+assessment+of+soil+salinity+and+salt+loading+to+groundwater&rft.au=Corwin%2C+Dennis+L%3BRhoades%2C+James+D%3BVaughan%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; Arizona; case studies; concentration; drinking water; geographic information systems; ground water; infiltration; information systems; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; salinity; soils; steady-state processes; United States; unsaturated zone; Yuma Arizona; Yuma County Arizona ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping the areal distribution of soil parameters with geophysical techniques AN - 52714617; 1997-037483 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Jaynes, Dan B A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 205 EP - 216 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - electrical conductivity KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - data acquisition KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - geographic information systems KW - carbon KW - agrochemicals KW - electromagnetic methods KW - organic carbon KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - pollutants KW - geophysical methods KW - radar methods KW - pollution KW - aquifers KW - models KW - case studies KW - water table KW - organic compounds KW - information systems KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52714617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+areal+distribution+of+soil+parameters+with+geophysical+techniques&rft.au=Jaynes%2C+Dan+B&rft.aulast=Jaynes&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifers; carbon; case studies; data acquisition; data processing; electrical conductivity; electromagnetic methods; geographic information systems; geophysical methods; ground water; ground-penetrating radar; information systems; models; nonpoint sources; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; pollutants; pollution; radar methods; soils; unsaturated zone; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of soil survey attribute data to GIS pollution assessment models AN - 52714187; 1997-037481 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Nielsen, Robert D AU - Bigler, Ricky J AU - Sobecki, Terrance AU - Lytle, Dennis J A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 175 EP - 183 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - spatial data KW - pollutants KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52714187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Application+of+soil+survey+attribute+data+to+GIS+pollution+assessment+models&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Robert+D%3BBigler%2C+Ricky+J%3BSobecki%2C+Terrance%3BLytle%2C+Dennis+J&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; data bases; data processing; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; soils; spatial data; transport; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of GIS to the modeling of pesticide leaching on a regional scale in the Netherlands AN - 52713765; 1997-037487 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Tiktak, Aaldrick AU - van der Linden, Antonius M A AU - Leine, Ilse A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 259 EP - 281 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - one-dimensional models KW - unsaturated zone KW - Europe KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - triazines KW - spatial variations KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - Richards equation KW - Netherlands KW - soils KW - concentration KW - Western Europe KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - aquifers KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - information systems KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52713765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Application+of+GIS+to+the+modeling+of+pesticide+leaching+on+a+regional+scale+in+the+Netherlands&rft.au=Tiktak%2C+Aaldrick%3Bvan+der+Linden%2C+Antonius+M+A%3BLeine%2C+Ilse&rft.aulast=Tiktak&rft.aufirst=Aaldrick&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; atrazine; concentration; Europe; geographic information systems; ground water; herbicides; information systems; leaching; models; Netherlands; nonpoint sources; one-dimensional models; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; Richards equation; soils; spatial variations; transport; triazines; unsaturated zone; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stochastic solute transport modeling trends and their potential compatability with GIS AN - 52713738; 1997-037475 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Jury, William A A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 67 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - solute transport KW - spatial data KW - pollutants KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - mathematical geology KW - preferential flow KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - geographic information systems KW - stochastic processes KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52713738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Stochastic+solute+transport+modeling+trends+and+their+potential+compatability+with+GIS&rft.au=Jury%2C+William+A&rft.aulast=Jury&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; mathematical geology; models; Monte Carlo analysis; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; preferential flow; solute transport; spatial data; statistical analysis; stochastic processes; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opportunities and limitations of GIS-based modeling of solute transport at the regional scale AN - 52713690; 1997-037473 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Burrough, Peter A A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 38 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - solute transport KW - fertilizers KW - concentration KW - imagery KW - spatial data KW - pollutants KW - data acquisition KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - computer programs KW - geographic information systems KW - stochastic processes KW - information systems KW - algorithms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52713690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Opportunities+and+limitations+of+GIS-based+modeling+of+solute+transport+at+the+regional+scale&rft.au=Burrough%2C+Peter+A&rft.aulast=Burrough&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; aquifers; computer programs; concentration; data acquisition; data processing; fertilizers; geographic information systems; ground water; imagery; information systems; mathematical models; models; pollutants; pollution; solute transport; spatial data; stochastic processes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference AN - 52712404; 1997-037471 JF - SSSA Special Publication A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 319 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - models KW - geographic information systems KW - symposia KW - pollutants KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - information systems KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52712404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=1995+ASA-CSSA-SSSA+Bouyoucos+conference&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; symposia; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings AN - 52710663; 1997-043866 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 164 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - statistical analysis KW - reliability KW - risk assessment KW - mathematical geology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52710663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+annual+meetings&rft.au=Coleman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical geology; reliability; risk assessment; soils; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of variable and uncertain data to quantify environmental pesticide risk AN - 52710233; 1997-043874 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Parker, Ronald D AU - Nelson, Henry P AU - Jones, R David AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 131 EP - 142 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - annual variations KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - MUltiple SCenario Risk Assessment Tool KW - MUSCRAT KW - models KW - topography KW - transport KW - stochastic processes KW - quantitative analysis KW - runoff KW - risk assessment KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52710233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Use+of+variable+and+uncertain+data+to+quantify+environmental+pesticide+risk&rft.au=Parker%2C+Ronald+D%3BNelson%2C+Henry+P%3BJones%2C+R+David%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - annual variations; data processing; models; MUltiple SCenario Risk Assessment Tool; MUSCRAT; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; runoff; soils; statistical analysis; stochastic processes; topography; toxic materials; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertainty in pesticide leaching risk due to soil variability AN - 52710212; 1997-043873 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Nofziger, David L AU - Chen, Jin-Song AU - Hornsby, Arthur G AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 99 EP - 129 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - Histosols KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - mapping KW - Manatee County Florida KW - Florida KW - Spodosols KW - Quartzipsamments KW - spatial variations KW - Entisols KW - Medisaprists KW - Argiaquolls KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - Mollisols KW - Haplaquods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52710212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Uncertainty+in+pesticide+leaching+risk+due+to+soil+variability&rft.au=Nofziger%2C+David+L%3BChen%2C+Jin-Song%3BHornsby%2C+Arthur+G%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Nofziger&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 5 tables, 12 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Argiaquolls; degradation; Entisols; Florida; Haplaquods; Histosols; leaching; Manatee County Florida; mapping; Medisaprists; Mollisols; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; Quartzipsamments; soils; spatial variations; Spodosols; statistical analysis; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data needs for environmental applications of STATSGO maps AN - 52710199; 1997-043871 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Thorson, T D AU - Brett, Marcia AU - Huddleston, J Herbert AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 39 EP - 50 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - cartography KW - pollution KW - mapping KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - STATSGO KW - Oregon KW - maps KW - Hydromorphic soils KW - hydric soils KW - soils maps KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52710199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Data+needs+for+environmental+applications+of+STATSGO+maps&rft.au=Thorson%2C+T+D%3BBrett%2C+Marcia%3BHuddleston%2C+J+Herbert%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Thorson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; cartography; ground water; hydric soils; Hydromorphic soils; mapping; maps; Oregon; pesticides; pollution; soils; soils maps; STATSGO; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability of soil data and risk assessment of data applications AN - 52709965; 1997-043872 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Bouma, J AU - Booltink, H W G AU - Stein, A AU - Finke, P A AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 63 EP - 79 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - solute transport KW - fertilizers KW - Budel Netherlands KW - moisture KW - expert systems KW - reliability KW - kriging KW - data processing KW - Europe KW - simulation KW - variations KW - nitrogen KW - ground water KW - size distribution KW - errors KW - levels KW - sensitivity analysis KW - cadmium KW - Weert Netherlands KW - Netherlands KW - water KW - soils KW - Western Europe KW - variance analysis KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - geostatistics KW - semivariograms KW - southern Netherlands KW - De Kandelaar experimental farm KW - models KW - Limburg Netherlands KW - case studies KW - metals KW - Clay soils KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52709965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+soil+data+and+risk+assessment+of+data+applications&rft.au=Bouma%2C+J%3BBooltink%2C+H+W+G%3BStein%2C+A%3BFinke%2C+P+A%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Bouma&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Budel Netherlands; cadmium; case studies; Clay soils; data processing; De Kandelaar experimental farm; errors; Europe; expert systems; fertilizers; geostatistics; grain size; ground water; kriging; land use; levels; Limburg Netherlands; metals; models; moisture; Monte Carlo analysis; Netherlands; nitrogen; pollution; reliability; semivariograms; sensitivity analysis; simulation; size distribution; soils; solute transport; southern Netherlands; statistical analysis; variance analysis; variations; water; Weert Netherlands; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data reliability and risk assessment; experience of a consulting soil scientist AN - 52709670; 1997-043870 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Bauder, James R AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 33 EP - 38 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - soil scientists KW - maps KW - practice KW - soil surveys KW - reliability KW - quality control KW - surveys KW - mapping KW - soils maps KW - consultants KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52709670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Data+reliability+and+risk+assessment%3B+experience+of+a+consulting+soil+scientist&rft.au=Bauder%2C+James+R%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Bauder&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - consultants; mapping; maps; practice; quality control; reliability; soil scientists; soil surveys; soils; soils maps; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data reliability and risk assessment in soil interpretations AN - 52709633; 1997-043867 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Mays, M Dewayne AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - technology KW - statistical analysis KW - reliability KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - geostatistics KW - decision-making KW - models KW - computers KW - geographic information systems KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - probability KW - information systems KW - interpretation KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52709633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Data+reliability+and+risk+assessment+in+soil+interpretations&rft.au=Mays%2C+M+Dewayne%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computers; data processing; decision-making; geographic information systems; geostatistics; information systems; interpretation; land use; mapping; models; probability; reliability; soil surveys; soils; statistical analysis; surveys; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods to estimate soil hydraulic parameters for regional-scale applications of mechanistic models AN - 52709485; 1997-037482 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Timlin, Dennis J AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Williams, Robert D A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 185 EP - 203 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - numerical models KW - pollutants KW - data acquisition KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - size distribution KW - geographic information systems KW - saturation KW - information systems KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52709485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Methods+to+estimate+soil+hydraulic+parameters+for+regional-scale+applications+of+mechanistic+models&rft.au=Timlin%2C+Dennis+J%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BWilliams%2C+Robert+D&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; data acquisition; data processing; geographic information systems; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; information systems; models; nonpoint sources; numerical models; pollutants; pollution; porous materials; saturation; simulation; size distribution; soils; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of transport variability structure on parameter estimation and model discrimination AN - 52709431; 1997-037477 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Ellsworth, T R A2 - Corwin, Dennis L. A2 - Loague, Keith Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 101 EP - 130 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 48 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - solute transport KW - pollutants KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - sensitivity analysis KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52709431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Influence+of+transport+variability+structure+on+parameter+estimation+and+model+discrimination&rft.au=Ellsworth%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Ellsworth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=089118824X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Bouyoucos conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 68 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; mathematical models; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; sensitivity analysis; solute transport; transport; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil survey reliability; minimizing the consumer's risk AN - 52708599; 1997-043868 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Arnold, R W AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 13 EP - 20 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - cartography KW - statistical analysis KW - reliability KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - decision-making KW - maps KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - probability KW - soils maps KW - interpretation KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52708599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Soil+survey+reliability%3B+minimizing+the+consumer%27s+risk&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cartography; data processing; decision-making; interpretation; mapping; maps; probability; reliability; soil surveys; soils; soils maps; statistical analysis; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality assessment of soil survey information AN - 52708245; 1997-043869 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Brasher, Benny R AU - Benham, E AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 21 EP - 31 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - expert systems KW - reliability KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - fuzzy logic KW - maps KW - soil surveys KW - quality control KW - surveys KW - soils maps KW - interpretation KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52708245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Quality+assessment+of+soil+survey+information&rft.au=Brasher%2C+Benny+R%3BBenham%2C+E%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Brasher&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; expert systems; fuzzy logic; interpretation; mapping; maps; quality control; reliability; soil surveys; soils; soils maps; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the model of uncertainty and risk using sequential indicator simulation AN - 52695354; 1997-043875 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Rogowski, Andrew S AU - Coleman, T L A2 - Nettleton, W. D. A2 - Hornsby, A. G. A2 - Brown, R. B. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 143 EP - 164 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 47 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - reliability KW - Appalachians KW - simulation KW - east-central Pennsylvania KW - spatial variations KW - errors KW - quantitative analysis KW - interpretation KW - Valley and Ridge Province KW - soils KW - North America KW - patterns KW - Northumberland County Pennsylvania KW - variance analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - optimization KW - geostatistics KW - properties KW - models KW - case studies KW - variograms KW - maps KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - soils maps KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Pennsylvania KW - land use KW - soil management KW - Mahantango Creek watershed KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52695354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+model+of+uncertainty+and+risk+using+sequential+indicator+simulation&rft.au=Rogowski%2C+Andrew+S%3BColeman%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Rogowski&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 plates, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; case studies; east-central Pennsylvania; errors; geostatistics; hydraulic conductivity; interpretation; land use; Mahantango Creek watershed; maps; models; North America; Northumberland County Pennsylvania; optimization; patterns; Pennsylvania; properties; quantitative analysis; reliability; simulation; soil management; soil surveys; soils; soils maps; spatial variations; statistical analysis; surveys; United States; Valley and Ridge Province; variance analysis; variograms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing soil quality by testing organic matter AN - 52544414; 1998-065153 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Sikora, Lawrence J AU - Cambardella, Cynthia A AU - Yakovchenko, Vladimir AU - Doran, John W A2 - Magdoff, F. R. A2 - Tabatabai, M. A. A2 - Hanlon, E. A., Jr. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 41 EP - 50 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 46 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - organic compounds KW - degradation KW - global change KW - soil management KW - microorganisms KW - global warming KW - carbon dioxide KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52544414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Assessing+soil+quality+by+testing+organic+matter&rft.au=Sikora%2C+Lawrence+J%3BCambardella%2C+Cynthia+A%3BYakovchenko%2C+Vladimir%3BDoran%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; degradation; global change; global warming; microorganisms; organic compounds; soil management; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil quality assessment training for environmental educators of grades 5 through 12 AN - 52507930; 1999-019316 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - McQuaid, Betty F A2 - Doran, John W. A2 - Jones, Alice Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 371 EP - 380 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 49 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - best management practices KW - water supply KW - bulk density KW - high school KW - pollution KW - junior high school KW - education KW - teacher education KW - physical properties KW - educational resources KW - K-12 education KW - infiltration KW - elementary school KW - pH KW - soil management KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52507930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Soil+quality+assessment+training+for+environmental+educators+of+grades+5+through+12&rft.au=McQuaid%2C+Betty+F&rft.aulast=McQuaid&rft.aufirst=Betty&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - best management practices; bulk density; education; educational resources; elementary school; high school; infiltration; junior high school; K-12 education; pH; physical properties; pollution; soil management; soils; teacher education; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardized methods, sampling, and sample pretreatment AN - 52505470; 1999-019311 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Dick, Richard P AU - Thomas, David R AU - Halvorson, Jonathan J A2 - Doran, John W. A2 - Jones, Alice Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 107 EP - 121 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 49 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - soil profiles KW - cation exchange capacity KW - characterization KW - pollution KW - standardization KW - ecosystems KW - layered materials KW - horizon differentiation KW - variations KW - soil sampling KW - sample preparation KW - errors KW - stochastic processes KW - sampling KW - quality control KW - chemical properties KW - accuracy KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52505470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Standardized+methods%2C+sampling%2C+and+sample+pretreatment&rft.au=Dick%2C+Richard+P%3BThomas%2C+David+R%3BHalvorson%2C+Jonathan+J&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; cation exchange capacity; characterization; chemical properties; ecosystems; errors; horizon differentiation; layered materials; pollution; quality control; sample preparation; sampling; soil profiles; soil sampling; soils; standardization; stochastic processes; variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agriculture non-point source contamination; how USDA is addressing the problem AN - 52495000; 1999-028498 JF - USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology AU - Bucks, Dale A AU - Swader, Fred N A2 - Powell, John D. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 20 EP - 31 PB - Water Environmental Federation, Alexandria, VA VL - 3 KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - agricultural waste KW - pollutants KW - legislation KW - government agencies KW - pollution KW - salinity KW - nonpoint sources KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - runoff KW - sediments KW - policy KW - Clean Water Act KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52495000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.atitle=Agriculture+non-point+source+contamination%3B+how+USDA+is+addressing+the+problem&rft.au=Bucks%2C+Dale+A%3BSwader%2C+Fred+N&rft.aulast=Bucks&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third USA/CIS joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology; water; sustaining a critical resource N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03842 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; Clean Water Act; government agencies; hydrology; legislation; nonpoint sources; policy; pollutants; pollution; runoff; salinity; sediments; U. S. Department of Agriculture; waste disposal; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Image and statistical analyses of early Sorghum remains (8000 B.P.) from the Nabta Playa archaeological site in the Western Desert, southern Egypt AN - 52054750; 2002-075661 JF - Vegetation History and Archaeobotany AU - Dahlberg, J A AU - Wasylikowa, K Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 293 EP - 299 PB - Springer International, Berlin VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 0939-6314, 0939-6314 KW - Nabta Playa Site KW - Monocotyledoneae KW - Spermatophyta KW - Plantae KW - imagery KW - Quaternary KW - North Africa KW - East Africa KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - Middle Nile Valley KW - southern Egypt KW - Western Desert KW - Sudan KW - Holocene KW - Egypt KW - Cenozoic KW - archaeological sites KW - Africa KW - seeds KW - Angiospermae KW - Sorghum KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 09:Paleobotany UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52054750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetation+History+and+Archaeobotany&rft.atitle=Image+and+statistical+analyses+of+early+Sorghum+remains+%288000+B.P.%29+from+the+Nabta+Playa+archaeological+site+in+the+Western+Desert%2C+southern+Egypt&rft.au=Dahlberg%2C+J+A%3BWasylikowa%2C+K&rft.aulast=Dahlberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetation+History+and+Archaeobotany&rft.issn=09396314&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/107470/?p=e0f7cfa413444b1da2786246358fbaac&pi=0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; agriculture; Angiospermae; archaeological sites; Cenozoic; East Africa; Egypt; Holocene; imagery; Middle Nile Valley; Monocotyledoneae; Nabta Playa Site; North Africa; Plantae; Quaternary; seeds; Sorghum; southern Egypt; Spermatophyta; statistical analysis; Sudan; Western Desert ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection and planning of best management practices (BMPs) on the Mississippi Delta MSEA Project AN - 51051922; 1997-047393 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Parkman, James S A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 74 EP - 77 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 26 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - United States KW - Beasley Lake KW - fertilizers KW - erosion KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - conservation KW - sediments KW - Deep Hollow KW - soil erosion KW - Yazoo River basin KW - soils KW - best management practices KW - Leflore County Mississippi KW - clastic sediments KW - Mississippi KW - Thighman Lake KW - pollution KW - Sunflower County Mississippi KW - oxbow lakes KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - fluvial features KW - alluvium KW - pesticides KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51051922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Selection+and+planning+of+best+management+practices+%28BMPs%29+on+the+Mississippi+Delta+MSEA+Project&rft.au=Parkman%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Parkman&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-sixth Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; Beasley Lake; best management practices; clastic sediments; conservation; Deep Hollow; erosion; erosion control; fertilizers; fluvial features; Leflore County Mississippi; Mississippi; oxbow lakes; pesticides; pollution; runoff; sediments; soil erosion; soils; Sunflower County Mississippi; Thighman Lake; United States; water management; water resources; watersheds; Yazoo River basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture/soil temperature monitoring network pilot project AN - 50534270; 2009-010190 JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Schaefer, Garry L AU - Schilling, Denice Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 163 EP - 166 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 64 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - soils KW - networks KW - programs KW - permafrost KW - monitoring KW - moisture KW - climate change KW - temperature KW - observations KW - infiltration KW - snow KW - instruments KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50534270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture%2Fsoil+temperature+monitoring+network+pilot+project&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+Garry+L%3BSchilling%2C+Denice&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.issn=01610589&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 64th annual meeting; Western snow conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate; climate change; infiltration; instruments; moisture; monitoring; networks; observations; permafrost; programs; snow; soils; temperature; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning and characterization of a gibberellin-inducible, putative alpha -glucosidase gene from barley AN - 17056912; 3884318 AB - A putative alpha -glucosidase clone has been isolated from a cDNA library constructed from mRNA of barley aleurones treated with gibberellin A sub(3) (GA). The clone is 2752 bp in length and has an uninterrupted open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 877 amino acids. A 680 amino acid region is 43% identical to human lysosomal alpha -glucosidase and other glycosyl hydrolases. In isolated aleurones, the levels of the corresponding mRNA increase strongly after the application of GA, similar to the pattern exhibited by low-pI alpha -amylase mRNA. High levels are also observed in the aleurone and scutellum after germination, while low levels are found in developing seeds. The genome contains a single form of this alpha -glucosidase gene and two additional sequences that may be related genes or pseudogenes. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Tibbot, B K AU - Skadsen, R W AD - Dep. Agron., Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA and Cereal Crops Res. Unit, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 229 EP - 241 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - alpha -glucosidase KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - gibberellins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - nucleotide sequence KW - cDNA KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07357:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17056912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning+and+characterization+of+a+gibberellin-inducible%2C+putative+alpha+-glucosidase+gene+from+barley&rft.au=Tibbot%2C+B+K%3BSkadsen%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Tibbot&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; cDNA; Hordeum vulgare ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem management: A landscape ecology perspective AN - 17049321; 3883619 AB - Ecosystem management is an evolving philosophy that many government agencies have adopted in the multiple-use, sustained-yield management of federal lands. The primary objective of this philosophy is to sustain the integrity of ecosystems (i.e., their function, composition, and structure) for future generations while providing immediate goods and services to an increasingly diverse public. This objective can be achieved through integrated land evaluation and optimal land use planning that promotes the maintenance or development of landscape patterns and processes that meet societal expectations within the limits of the land's ecological potentials. Landscape ecology and conservation biology principles are critical components of this philosophy. This paper describes how some of these principles can be efficiently used in formulating a framework for ecosystem management on federal lands. The role of landscape ecology in ecosystem characterization and description is stressed, and the appropriateness of integrated ecological assessments to ecosystem management is discussed. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Jensen, ME AU - Bourgeron, P AU - Everett, R AU - Goodman, I AD - Landscape Ecologist, USDA, Forest Serv., Northern Region, Pacific Northwest Experiment Stn., Federal Bldg., Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 203 EP - 216 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - conservation KW - planning KW - ecosystems KW - land use KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17049321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+management%3A+A+landscape+ecology+perspective&rft.au=Jensen%2C+ME%3BBourgeron%2C+P%3BEverett%2C+R%3BGoodman%2C+I&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystems; land use; planning; conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis and secretion of the mouse whey acidic protein in transgenic sheep AN - 17048902; 3881896 AB - The synthesis of foreign proteins can be targeted to the mammary gland of transgenic animals, thus permitting commercial purification of otherwise unavailable proteins from milk. Genetic regulatory elements from the mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) gene have been used successfully to direct expression of transgenes to the mammary gland of mice, goats and pigs. To extend the practical usefulness of WAP promoter-driven fusion genes and further characterize WAP expression in heterologous species, we introduced a 6.8 kb DNA fragment containing the genomic form of the mouse WAP gene into sheep zygotes. Two lines of transgenic sheep were produced. The transgene was expressed in mammary tissue of both lines and intact WAP was secreted into milk at concentrations estimated to range from 100 to 500 mg/litre. Ectopic WAP gene expression was found in salivary gland, spleen, liver, lung, heart muscle, kidney and bone marrow of one founder ewe. WAP RNA was not detected in skeletal muscle and intestine. These data suggest that unlike pigs, sheep may possess nuclear factors in a variety of tissues that interact with WAP regulatory sequences. Though the data presented are based on only two lines, these findings suggest WAP regulatory sequences may not be suitable as control elements for transgenes in sheep bioreactors. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Wall, R J AU - Rexroad, CE Jr AU - Powell, A AU - Shamay, A AU - McKnight, R AU - Hennighausen, L AD - Gene Eval. and Mapping Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 67 EP - 72 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - mice KW - sheep KW - whey acidic protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - transgenic animals KW - mammary gland KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17048902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+secretion+of+the+mouse+whey+acidic+protein+in+transgenic+sheep&rft.au=Wall%2C+R+J%3BRexroad%2C+CE+Jr%3BPowell%2C+A%3BShamay%2C+A%3BMcKnight%2C+R%3BHennighausen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transgenic animals; mammary gland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arachidonic-acid production by species of Mortierella AN - 17044741; 3879191 AB - A growth-inhibiting, aspirin-containing medium was developed to select arachidonic-acid-(ARA)-producing Mortierella species and to determine the fatty-acid content of 87 Mortierella strains. ARA was detected in 66 strains from 33 species and its production may prove useful for systematic studies on Mortierella spp. The ARA content of the 66 producing strains tested ranged from 4% to 55% of total lipids. Most of the ARA-producing strains of Mortierella (59 strains) grown on potato/glucose/agar synthesized 40%. An inverse relationship was observed between ARA and oleic-acid contents. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Eroshin, V K AU - Dedyukhina, E G AU - Chistyakova, TI AU - Zhelifonova, V P AU - Kurtzman, C P AU - Bothast, R J AD - Ferm. Biochem. Res. Unit, both Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 91 EP - 96 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - arachidonic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fatty acids KW - Mortierella KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Arachidonic-acid+production+by+species+of+Mortierella&rft.au=Eroshin%2C+V+K%3BDedyukhina%2C+E+G%3BChistyakova%2C+TI%3BZhelifonova%2C+V+P%3BKurtzman%2C+C+P%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Eroshin&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fatty acids; Mortierella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Curve numbers and Green-Ampt effective hydraulic conductivities AN - 17023829; 3864106 AB - The SCS curve number method is an accepted method for estimating surface water runoff caused by rainfall. Several modern process-based hydrologic models, including the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, use the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, but the basis for selecting model parameters is not as comprehensive as for curve number selection. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively relate curve numbers to Green-Ampt effective conductivity parameters, K sub(e), so that the information available relative to application of curve number technology may be applied to WEPP for predicting runoff from rainfall. Data used to develop relationships included descriptions of 43 soils, CLIGEN-generated weather information for ten geographic locations in the U.S., and eight different types of cropping practices. Values of K sub(e) were derived by optimizing WEPP model output to match that predicted by curve numbers for a 20-year weather sequence. Relationships were developed to describe the optimized K sub(e) values for both fallow and cropped conditions. The relationships were tested on approximately 350 plot years of measured data from 11 runoff and erosion stations in the U.S. and shown to perform as well as or better than the SCS curve number approach for individual storm predictions of runoff volumes. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Nearing, MA AU - Liu, B Y AU - Risse, L M AU - Zhang, X AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 SOIL Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 125 EP - 136 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - WEPP KW - curve numbers KW - Green-Ampt equation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - soil water KW - erosion KW - infiltration KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - mathematical models KW - permeability coefficient KW - simulation KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17023829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Curve+numbers+and+Green-Ampt+effective+hydraulic+conductivities&rft.au=Nearing%2C+MA%3BLiu%2C+B+Y%3BRisse%2C+L+M%3BZhang%2C+X&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rainfall-runoff relationships; permeability coefficient; erosion; infiltration; soil water; mathematical models; simulation; hydrology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid method for quantifying free sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipids in microgram amounts of cells following exposure to fumonisin B sub(1) AN - 17023061; 3863941 AB - Fumonisins are potent inhibitors of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase (ceramide synthase), key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate rapid methods for the determination of free sphingoid bases and total sphingolipids in small quantities of cells exposed to pure fumonisin B sub(1). The developed rapid methods were a modification of an earlier 'original' method and used a single CHCl sub(3) extraction subsequent to base or acid hydrolysis of cell suspensions. The average recovery of the C sub(20)-sphinganine internal standard using the rapid extraction method for free sphingoid bases was 48% and 84% for control and fumonisin B delta 1-treated LLC-PK sub(1) cells (approx. 100 mu g protein), respectively, while the recovery using the original extraction method was 1% or less. The average total sphingolipid concentrations (free sphingoid bases plus complex sphingolipids) determined by the rapid and original method were similar. The rapid extraction method provided simpler and shorter extractions with improved recovery, and was more economical by allowing experimental designs using smaller quantities of cells (10-100 mu g protein) and fumonisins. In conclusion, the rapid method is useful for the study of fumonisin-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in cultured cells where free sphingoid base concentration increases and complex sphingolipids decrease markedly. JF - Toxicology In Vitro AU - Yoo, H-S AU - Norred, W P AU - Riley, R T AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxins Res. Unit, Russel Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 77 EP - 84 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0887-2333, 0887-2333 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - sphingoid bases KW - sphingosine KW - sphinganine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - sphingolipids KW - assays KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17023061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.atitle=A+rapid+method+for+quantifying+free+sphingoid+bases+and+complex+sphingolipids+in+microgram+amounts+of+cells+following+exposure+to+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29&rft.au=Yoo%2C+H-S%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Yoo&rft.aufirst=H-S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycotoxins; sphingolipids; assays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Change in siberian phytomass predicted for global warming AN - 16356635; 4308952 AB - An equilibrium model driven by climatic parameters, the Siberian Vegetation Model, was used to estimate changes in the phytomass of Siberian vegetation under climate change scenarios (CO sub(2) doubling) from four general circulation models (GCM's) of the atmosphere. Ecosystems were classified using a three-dimensional climatic ordination of growing degree days (above a 5 degree C threshold), Budyko's dryness index (based on radiation balance and annual precipitation), and Conrad's continentality index. Phytomass density was estimated using published data of Bazilevich covering all vegetation zones in Siberia. Under current climate, total phytomass of Siberia is estimated to be 74.1 plus or minus 2.0 Pg (Petagram = 10 super(15) g). Moderate warming associated with the GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies) and OSU (Oregon State Univ.) projections resulted in a 23-26 % increase in phytomass, primarily due to an increase in the productive Southern Taiga and Subtaiga classes. Greater warming associated with the GFDL (General Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) and UKMO (United Kingdom Meteorological Office) projections resulted in a small 3-7 % increase in phytomass. In all four climate change scenarios, the predicted phytomass stock of all colder, northern classes is reduced considerably (viz., Tundra, Forest-Tundra, Northern Taiga, and Middle Taiga). Phytomass in Subtaiga increases greatly with all scenarios, from a doubling with GFDL to quadrupling with OSU and GISS. Overall, phytomass of the Taiga biome (Northern, Middle, Southern, and Subtaiga) increased 15 % in the moderate OSU and GISS scenarios and decreased by a third in the warmer UKMO and GFDL projections. In addition, a sensitivity analysis found that the percentage of a vegetation class that is forested is a major factor determining phytomass distribution. From 25 to 50 % more phytomass is predicted under climate change if the forested proportion corresponding to potential rather than current vegetation is assumed. JF - Silva Fennica AU - Monserud, R A AU - Tchebakova, N M AU - Kolchugina, T P AU - Denissenko, O V AD - Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 S. Main St., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 185 EP - 200 VL - 30 IS - 2-3 SN - 0037-5330, 0037-5330 KW - phytomass KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16356635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Silva+Fennica&rft.atitle=Change+in+siberian+phytomass+predicted+for+global+warming&rft.au=Monserud%2C+R+A%3BTchebakova%2C+N+M%3BKolchugina%2C+T+P%3BDenissenko%2C+O+V&rft.aulast=Monserud&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Silva+Fennica&rft.issn=00375330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Responses of loblolly pine, sweetgum and crab grass roots to localized increases in nitrogen in two watering regimes AN - 16230871; 4220696 AB - Root responses to differences in availability of nitrogen and soil water were studied in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown in monoculture and in competition with sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) or crab grass (Digitaria spp.). Rhizotron cells were maintained at high soil water availability (approximately -0.1 MPa) or subjected to three dry-down cycles to low soil water availability (approximately - 1.0 MPa), over two growing seasons. Localized increases in nitrogen availability were created by adding nitrogen in solution to root ingress cores placed in each rhizotron cell. Presence of competitors reduced loblolly pine root growth regardless of the nitrogen or soil water treatment. On average, both total root length density and root surface area were reduced 60% when loblolly pine seedlings were grown with crab grass and 31% when grown with sweetgum. Low water availability reduced loblolly pine root length density and root surface area by 25 and 28%, respectively, compared with well-watered seedlings. Sweetgum root surface area was reduced 18% by the low water availability treatment, whereas crab grass root surface area was unaffected by this treatment. At all soil depths, loblolly pine root surface area and root length density were increased in localized areas of increased nitrogen availability. Sweetgum and crab grass root surface areas were also greater in areas of increased nitrogen availability. In the high soil water availability treatment, loblolly pine root surface area increased 128% in localized areas of increased nitrogen in all competition treatments. In the low soil water availability treatment, loblolly pine roots responded to increased nitrogen only in the absence of competitors. In general, loblolly pine and sweetgum roots responded to increases in resource availability similarly, whereas crab grass roots were relatively less affected. JF - TREE PHYSIOL. AU - Ludovici, KH AU - Morris, LA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 933 EP - 939 VL - 16 IS - 11-12 KW - Loblolly pine KW - Sweetgum KW - growth KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16230871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TREE+PHYSIOL.&rft.atitle=Responses+of+loblolly+pine%2C+sweetgum+and+crab+grass+roots+to+localized+increases+in+nitrogen+in+two+watering+regimes&rft.au=Ludovici%2C+KH%3BMorris%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Ludovici&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=933&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TREE+PHYSIOL.&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residue management for reducing evaporation in relation to soil type and evaporativity AN - 15984272; 4081533 AB - Usual residue-management options are to remove the residue, use it as mulch with or without undercutting or to incorporate it into the soil. While the role of surface mulch in evaporation has been widely studied, the information on the effect on evaporation of mulch with undercutting or residue incorporated into soil, particularly in relation to soil type and evaporativity (E sub(o)) is lacking. We studied the effect of wheat straw used in various ways on the course of evaporation loss from soil columns with three soils at Ludhiana, India and one soil at Bushland, Texas, USA, under two E sub(o)'s. Energy-limited evaporation rates under mulch (E sub(om)) followed the soil-specific relation E sub(om) E sub(o) = a e super((bRes+cEo)), where Res is residue rate t/ha and a, b and c are constants; E sub(o) is expressed in mm/d. In an effort to model the total evaporation (CE) during the energy-limited stage 'U' was obtained from appropriate CE versus time curves and (CE-U) was regressed over (t - ti) super(0.5) to obtain the slope ' alpha ' (Ritchie 1972) for the soil-limited evaporation stage. The observed 'U' was independent of mulch rate and E sub(o) but was strongly affected by soil type. Values of ' alpha ' decreased with increase in mulch rate and decrease in E sub(o) and coarseness of soil. The otherwise short lived benefit of evaporation reduction with mulch per se, which peaked after a few days was maintained when residue was mixed with soil at the stage when evaporation reduction reached a maximum; this benefit continued for several weeks. Cumulative evaporation values computed from 'U' and ' alpha ' agreed closely with the observed values under straw mulch for loamy sand and clay loam soils and for 'undercut' and 'residue mixed' treatments on all soils regardless of E sub(o), and for all situations under small E sub(o). However, for sandy loam and silt loam soils under E sub(o) of 10 mm/d, the modified square root of the time function of Jalota et al. (1988) gave a better fit. JF - Soil Use and Management AU - Prihar, S S AU - Jalota, S K AU - Steiner, J L AD - USDA-ARS Conserv. and Prod. Lab. Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 150 EP - 157 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0266-0032, 0266-0032 KW - evaporativity KW - residue management KW - India, Ludhiana KW - USA, Texas, Bushland KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wheat KW - soil types KW - evaporation KW - straw KW - crops KW - mulching KW - soil columns KW - energy KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15984272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Use+and+Management&rft.atitle=Residue+management+for+reducing+evaporation+in+relation+to+soil+type+and+evaporativity&rft.au=Prihar%2C+S+S%3BJalota%2C+S+K%3BSteiner%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Prihar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Use+and+Management&rft.issn=02660032&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - evaporation; soil types; mulching; straw; wheat; soil columns; energy; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Twin screw extrusion processing of diet for mass rearing the pink bollworm AN - 15872262; 262441 AB - The use of a long barreled twin screw extruder (L/D identical with 39.7) for continuous processing of diet (63% moisture, w.b.) for mass rearing of the pink bollworm moth (Pectinora gossypiella) was studied. Heating to obtain sterile to near-sterile product (T >134 degree C) required the use of a two-step process. Feed at 45 to 50% moisture was heated to the treatment temperature; then additional water was added to 63% moisture. One or more pairs of restriction discs were required between the heating and dilution sections. Products with rough surfaces were formed by steam expansion or air atomization. No significant losses of thiamine occurred during processing. The process is now in operation in a large scale mass rearing facility. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Edwards, R H AU - Miller, E AU - Becker, R AU - Mossman, A P AU - Irving, D W AD - USDA-URS-Western Regional Research Cent, Albany, CA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1789 EP - 1797 PB - ASAE, ST. JOSEPH, MI, (USA) VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pink bollworm moths KW - Mass rearing KW - Twin screw extrusion KW - Thiamine KW - Extrusion KW - Amines KW - Thermal effects KW - Extruders KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 822.3:FOOD PRODUCTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15872262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Twin+screw+extrusion+processing+of+diet+for+mass+rearing+the+pink+bollworm&rft.au=Edwards%2C+R+H%3BMiller%2C+E%3BBecker%2C+R%3BMossman%2C+A+P%3BIrving%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computer-based electronic fall-through probe insect counter for monitoring infestation in stored products AN - 15870425; 262442 AB - Current commercial infestation monitoring methods for insect pests of stored products are labor intensive, expensive, and insensitive to low population densities. An automated system has been developed to provide continuous monitoring of insects at multiple sites within large volumes of stored products and to remotely display acquired data indicative of infestation levels at these sites. The system uses custom-designed infrared beam sensor heads to detect insects that crawl into and drop through perforated cylindrical tubes (modified commercial grain probe traps) distributed throughout the storage volume. Sensor outputs are transmitted to a computer that analyzes the signals and makes time-stamped records of detections. The software also includes system self-testing, automatic data backup and recovery, and data management utilities. Laboratory testing across the full range of pertinent species' size resulted in counting accuracy ranging from 88 to 99%. By employing a modular design, the system's size and features can be configured for a variety of applications such as a laboratory instrument, a small farm bin, or a large grain elevator complex. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Shuman, D AU - Coffelt, JA AU - Weaver, D K AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1773 EP - 1780 PB - ASAE, ST. JOSEPH, MI, (USA) VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Computer aided analysis KW - Computer based electronic fall through probes KW - Computer software KW - Custom designed infrared beam sensor heads KW - Food storage KW - Grain (agricultural product) KW - Insect counters KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sensors KW - Probes KW - Automation KW - W4 943:MECHANICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS MEASURING INSTRUMENTS KW - W4 694.4:STORAGE KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 822.1:FOOD PRODUCTS PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.9.1:IMMUNOLOGY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Computer-based+electronic+fall-through+probe+insect+counter+for+monitoring+infestation+in+stored+products&rft.au=Shuman%2C+D%3BCoffelt%2C+JA%3BWeaver%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Shuman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1773&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensors; Probes; Automation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a wetland system designed to meet stringent phosphorus discharge requirements AN - 15837884; 256038 AB - In this study a wetland system was created and managed to increase plant removal of influent phosphorus (P). This was accomplished by making P the most limiting nutrient, by enhancing mass transfer of P to the root surface and by harvesting the shoot biomass to regenerate the nutrient removal capacity of the wetland. A mixture of grass species that are tolerant of wet conditions (66% Reed canary grass) was grown in long (3.66-m) and narrow (0.1-m) troughs containing silica sand. Four replicates of three depths of sand (1.3, 2.5, and 5.1 cm) were investigated at a hydraulic loading rate between 1500 and 1800 m super(3)ha multiplied by d. Removal of P was greater than 90% in all treatments, and P was reduced from 0.480 mg/L to less than 0.001 mg/L in the 5.1-cm-deep sand treatment. The treatments removed approximately 40% of the influent nitrate (22 mg/L in; 13 mg/L out) Nutrient removal occurred 24 hours a day with small diurnal fluctuations. Grass was harvested biweekly by cutting to a uniform 7.6-cm height. Comparison of the actual amount of nutrients removed in the harvested biomass with that calculated from differences between influent and effluent concentrations showed that approximately 50% of the N and approximately 80% of the P were removed from the effluent in the biweekly grass clippings. JF - Water Environment Research AU - Adler, Paul R AU - Summerfelt, Steven T AU - Glenn, Michael D AU - Takeda, Fumiomi AD - USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 836 EP - 840 PB - WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION, ALEXANDRIA, VA, (USA) VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 1061-4303, 1061-4303 KW - Harvesting KW - Mass transfer enhancement KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrients removal KW - Phosphorus KW - Plants (botany) KW - Removal KW - Wetland systems KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biomass KW - EE 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 453.2:WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 453.2:WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15837884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+wetland+system+designed+to+meet+stringent+phosphorus+discharge+requirements&rft.au=Adler%2C+Paul+R%3BSummerfelt%2C+Steven+T%3BGlenn%2C+Michael+D%3BTakeda%2C+Fumiomi&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+Research&rft.issn=10614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Removal; Biomass; Phosphorus; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of tillage reversal on herbicide leaching to groundwater AN - 15763943; 3975872 AB - Studies have demonstrated greater pesticide leaching to groundwater under well established no-till (NT) than under conventional-till (CT). Increased leaching in NT is thought to be caused by preferential transport through macropores. The time required for preferential pathways to develop or dissipate when tillage of well established NT and CT are reversed is unclear. Therefore, a 3-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of reversing the tillage of 7-year-old NT and CT plots on the leaching of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(methylethyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)- N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide), and cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)- 1,3,5-triazine-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitril e) to groundwater. Groundwater samples were taken monthly before (January 1992 to April 1993) and after (May 1993 to December 1994) tillage reversal and analyzed for the herbicides. Atrazine concentrations in groundwater ranged from 0.15 to 8.9 mu g L super(-1) and 0.07 to 4.9 mu g L super(-1) under NT and CT, respectively, from January 1994 to July 1993 (before tillage reversal to three months after). Concentrations averaged 2.5 times (1.1 to 5) higher under NT than CT at each sampling. Atrazine levels were identical for both tillages from September 1993 to before herbicide application in May 1994. From June through December 1994, atrazine levels were again higher under NT than CT, but differences were smaller than before tillage reversal. Alachlor and cyanazine concentrations were consistently higher under NT than CT for all 3 years and decreased to nondetectable levels within 3 months of application. Results confirm that NT increases herbicide leaching compared with CT and that several years are required for preferential pathways to develop under NT. JF - Soil Science AU - Isensee, A R AU - Sadeghi, A M AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Nat. Resour. Inst., Environ. Chem. Lab., Bldg. 050, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 382 EP - 389 VL - 161 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - field tests KW - agricultural practices KW - temporal distribution KW - path of pollutants KW - agrochemicals KW - pollution dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - herbicides KW - groundwater pollution KW - leaching KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15763943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+tillage+reversal+on+herbicide+leaching+to+groundwater&rft.au=Isensee%2C+A+R%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Isensee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - field tests; agricultural practices; leaching; herbicides; groundwater pollution; temporal distribution; path of pollutants; agrochemicals; pollution dispersion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of reversing tillage practices on movement and dissipation of atrazine in soil AN - 15757591; 3975871 AB - Field studies comparing the fate of herbicides under various tillage practices have attributed the observed differences in herbicide leaching to tillage effects. It is not clear whether observed herbicide behavior is caused by tillage practice alone rather than inherent variations associated with individual tillage treatment plots. Therefore, the objective of this field study was to evaluate the effect of reversing the tillage of 7-year-old no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) field plots on the leaching patterns and dissipation of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'- (1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] in soil. No-till and CT field plots, established in 1986, were reversed in 1993 prior to corn planting. Atrazine concentrations were determined in the crop residue and in the top 50 cm of soil from both tillage systems 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after application in 1992 (before tillage reversal) and in 1993 and 1994 (after tillage reversal). An average of 1.5 to 2 times more atrazine was recovered in the surface 10 cm of soil under CT than under NT in all 3 years. This difference was attributable to the interception of atrazine by crop residue in the NT plots, regardless of tillage reversal (73, 44, and 58% intercepted in 1992, 1993, and 1994, respectively). The continuation of trends for more atrazine in the topsoil of CT plots than in NT plots after tillage reversal indicated the importance of crop residue on interception of the atrazine spray. Differences in atrazine means between NT and CT plots in the 0 to 10-cm soil depth 2 weeks after application were significant only in 1993 and 1994 at the 80% confidence intervals. This was primarily caused by a decrease in the variability of atrazine residue levels in the new CT plots (after tillage reversal) rather than to an increase in the magnitude of the differences between the means. Tillage probably resulted in both a more homogeneous distribution of organic matter within the top soil profile and disruption of the macropores in the new CT plots, resulting in a more uniform distribution of atrazine residues. JF - Soil Science AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R AD - USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Bldg. 050, Rm. 105, 10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 390 EP - 397 VL - 161 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - agricultural practices KW - field tests KW - path of pollutants KW - pores KW - spatial distribution KW - soil profiles KW - topsoil KW - agrochemicals KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - herbicides KW - organic matter KW - atrazine KW - groundwater pollution KW - leaching KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15757591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Impact+of+reversing+tillage+practices+on+movement+and+dissipation+of+atrazine+in+soil&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Sadeghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural practices; herbicides; leaching; field tests; groundwater pollution; path of pollutants; organic matter; pores; spatial distribution; topsoil; atrazine; agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aecial host range of Puccinia substriata var. indica AN - 15756788; 3980078 AB - Potential aecial hosts of Puccinia substriata var. indica were tested for resistance or susceptibility to better understand their potential role in epidemics of pearl millet rust. Thirty-one accessions of Solanum melongena, each collected from a different country, and accessions of twenty-seven other Solanum species were evaluated. Resistance or susceptibility was determined from natural infection in an isolated field location and inoculations in the greenhouse. All accessions of S. melongena were susceptible, except PI 413784 from Burkina Faso and PI 401533 from the Ivory Coast, countries that are near the center of origin of pearl millet. Newly identified aecial hosts include S. anguivi, S. ferox, S. gilo, S. incanum, S. linaeanum, S. nodiflorum, and S. rostratum. All other Solanum species evaluated were resistant. Accessions of two weed species from the United States, S. americanum and S. aviculare, were resistant and may play no role in the epidemiology of pearl millet rust in the United States. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wilson, J P AU - Phatak, S C AU - Lovell, G AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 806 EP - 808 VL - 80 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - host range KW - Solanum KW - Solanum melongena KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Puccinia substriata indica KW - aecia KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15756788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aecial+host+range+of+Puccinia+substriata+var.+indica&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P%3BPhatak%2C+S+C%3BLovell%2C+G&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia substriata indica; Pennisetum glaucum; Solanum melongena; Solanum; host range; aecia; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilizing byproducts to enhance aquaculture sustainability AN - 15751772; 3976507 AB - Water treatment technologies have traditionally focused solely on water treatment in contrast to producing products with value from the "waste product" that is removed during treatment. In nature, nothing goes to waste; the byproducts or "waste products" from one organism are the inputs or food source for another. This process of nutrient cycling is the foundation for the sustainability of our planet. By using waste products as feedstock for the production of other products, more efficient and profitable businesses are created which are better able to compete globally. Not only are these systems more profitable, but they minimize their impact on the environment. This ecological engineering approach is an emerging technology with tremendous potential to increase profitability and reduce environmental impacts. JF - World Aquaculture AU - Adler, PR AU - Takeda, F AU - Glenn, D M AU - Summerfelt, ST AD - USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 24 EP - 26 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 1041-5602, 1041-5602 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - waste utilization KW - aquaculture KW - Brackish KW - water quality control KW - Freshwater KW - byproducts KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15751772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Utilizing+byproducts+to+enhance+aquaculture+sustainability&rft.au=Adler%2C+PR%3BTakeda%2C+F%3BGlenn%2C+D+M%3BSummerfelt%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Aquaculture&rft.issn=10415602&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - waste utilization; aquaculture; water quality control; byproducts; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring bacterial and fungal substrate-induced respiration in dry soils AN - 15746375; 3974989 AB - The substrate-induced respiration inhibition (SIRIN) method of Anderson and Domsch for partitioning bacterial and fungal contributions to soil respiration was modified for application to dry soils. This new method also provided a comparative basis when measuring SIRIN in soils of different moisture contents. Soil was incubated under optimum moisture conditions (55% water-filled pore space) to maximize microbial activity and to ensure homogeneous incorporation of substrate and inhibitors into soil. Soil samples were packed to a uniform bulk density prior to measurement of CO sub(2) evolution by gas chromatography. Glucose (3 mg/g) was added together with streptomycin (0.5 or 1.0 mg/g) and/or cycloheximide (15 mg/g) for selective respiratory inhibition. The procedure included conditioning for 16 h at 4 degree C, followed by 1.5-h equilibration and 2-h incubation. The method yielded consistent and reproducible CO sub(2) respiration measurements for soils from a semi-arid region having gravimetric moisture contents ranging between 7.5 and 23.2%. Method sensitivity was not sufficient to detect variations in the fungal-to-bacterial ratio due to management practice for the soil under study. Measured fungal-to-bacterial ratios of 29:1 and 15:1, for conventionally and no-till managed soil, were not significantly different at a probability level of 5%. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Johnson, C K AU - Vigil, M F AU - Doxtader, K G AU - Beard, W E AD - Cent. Great Plains Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, Akron, CO 80720, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 427 EP - 432 VL - 28 IS - 4-5 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - respiration KW - soil moisture KW - measuring techniques KW - fungi KW - soil microorganisms KW - bacteria KW - K 03095:Soil KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15746375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Measuring+bacterial+and+fungal+substrate-induced+respiration+in+dry+soils&rft.au=Johnson%2C+C+K%3BVigil%2C+M+F%3BDoxtader%2C+K+G%3BBeard%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - respiration; soil microorganisms; bacteria; fungi; soil moisture; measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization following rewetting of dried soil AN - 15729942; 236529 AB - The objective of the paper is to determine the optimum preincubation time after rewetting of dried soil for estimating soil microbial biomass (SMB) and to identify a quick, reliable biochemical predictor of soil N mineralization potential. Biochemical determinations of SMB were screened on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) having five levels of soil organic C as a result of long-term management. Biochemical determinations included arginine ammonification, substrate-induced respiration, cumulative C and net N mineralization, and SMBC using the chloroform fumigation-incubation (CFI) method. The CO sub(2)-C evolved during the first day after rewetting of dried soil is recommended for rapid estimation of SMBC and potential N mineralization because of its simplicity and precision. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Franzluebbers, A J AU - Haney, R L AU - Hons, F M AU - Zuberer, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Watkinsville, GA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1133 EP - 1139 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Arginine ammonification KW - Carbon KW - Chloroform fumigation incubation KW - Microbial biomass KW - Nitrogen KW - Nitrogen mineralization KW - Rewetting KW - Soil fertility KW - Soil testing KW - Substrate induced respiration KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Biochemistry KW - Biomass KW - Fumigation KW - Microorganisms KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 423.2:TEST METHODS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - EE 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - EE 525.1:ENERGY RESOURCES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 525.1:ENERGY RESOURCES KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 423.2:TEST METHODS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15729942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Determination+of+microbial+biomass+and+nitrogen+mineralization+following+rewetting+of+dried+soil&rft.au=Franzluebbers%2C+A+J%3BHaney%2C+R+L%3BHons%2C+F+M%3BZuberer%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Franzluebbers&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Biochemistry; Microorganisms; Biomass; Fumigation; Carbon; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating three-dimensional ground water response in a small mountainous watershed AN - 15694125; 3968406 AB - Snowmelt from deep mountainous snowpacks is seldom rapid enough to exceed infiltration rates; thus, the source of streamflow in many mountainous watersheds is snowmelt recharge through shallow ground water systems. The hydrologic response and interaction between surface and sub-surface flow processes in these watersheds, which is controlled by basin structure, the spatial distribution of snowmelt, and the hydrogeology of the subsurface, are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to test a three-dimensional ground water model using simulated snowmelt input to simulate ground water response to spatially distributed snowmelt on the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed located within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in Southwestern Idaho. The model was used to characterize the mountainous aquifer and to delineate the subsurface flow mechanisms. Difficulty in finding a reasonable combination of grid spacing and time stepping within the model was encountered due to convergence problems with the Picard solution to the non-linear variably saturated ground water flow equations. Simulation results indicated that flow may be either unconfined or confined depending on inflow rate and hydrogeologic conditions in the watershed. The flow mechanism had a much faster response time when confined flow occurred. Response to snowmelt from a snow drift approximately 90 m away took only a few hours when flow was confined. Simulated results showed good agreement with piezometer measurements both in magnitude and timing; however, convergence problems with the Picard solution limited applicability of the model. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Flerchinger, G N AU - Shang, Shuangling AU - Finnie, JI AD - Northwest Watershed Res. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 800 Park Blvd., Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1081 EP - 1088 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - USA, Idaho, Upper Sheep Creek Watershed KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - spatial distribution KW - model testing KW - surface-groundwater relations KW - mountains KW - snowmelt KW - groundwater movement KW - watersheds KW - geohydrology KW - hydrologic models KW - simulation KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15694125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Simulating+three-dimensional+ground+water+response+in+a+small+mountainous+watershed&rft.au=Flerchinger%2C+G+N%3BShang%2C+Shuangling%3BFinnie%2C+JI&rft.aulast=Flerchinger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1081&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulation; watersheds; mountains; geohydrology; snowmelt; groundwater movement; surface-groundwater relations; spatial distribution; model testing; hydrologic models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of avocado black streak in Dade, County, Florida AN - 15689964; 3967153 AB - Black streak disease of avocado Persea americana Miller, is a significant problem in production areas in California. To date, the disease has been observed only on cultivars of the Guatemalan race. var. guatemalensis, and no causal agent has been identified. During the fall of 1995, black streak was observed on 43 different accessions of avocado at the USDA's National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Miami. Reddish brown patches on the trunk or scaffold limbs of affected trees were often superficial, but necrosis progressed into the cambium in some cases. Lesions exuded a white, powdery substance that usually developed above the soil-line and was washed off by rain. Trees that were severely damaged by Hurricane Andrew (August 1992) were most apt to be affected. On a selective medium, Phytophthora spp. were not isolated from affected tissue, thus providing evidence that phytophthora canker did not cause these symptoms. In contrast to reports from California, there was no relationship between host race and the occurrence of the disease; racial hybrids and accessions of the West Indian and Mexican races were affected as often as accessions of the Guatemalan race. Although black streak was previously observed on single trees in the Canary Islands and Florida, this is apparently the first report of a significant outbreak of the disease outside California. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schnell, R J AU - Ploetz, R C AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Clonal Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33199, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1079 VL - 80 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - black streak disease KW - Persea americana guatemalensis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - streak KW - USA, Florida KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15689964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+avocado+black+streak+in+Dade%2C+County%2C+Florida&rft.au=Schnell%2C+R+J%3BPloetz%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Schnell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Florida; streak ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The biology of the snakeweed leafhopper, Empoasca bitubera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), in New Mexico AN - 15689276; 3961839 AB - The life history of the snakeweed leafhopper, Empoasca bitubera DeLong, was studied at four sites in southern and central New Mexico. This apparently monophagous leafhopper was found to live on woody snakeweeds, Gutierrezia spp., throughout its life cycle. At least three apparent population peaks were observed during the year. Ten other leafhopper species were collected, of which only one, Gyponana delta Ball, was observed feeding on snakeweed in the field. Three other species were observed to feed on snakeweed in the laboratory. Empoasca bitubera was found to be attacked by a dryinid wasp, Aphelopus sp. Gyponana delta and Balclutha neglecta (DeLong and Davidson) were also found to have dryinid parasitoids (genus unidentified). Two other species of leafhopper, Ceratagallia bigeloviae (Baker) and Aceratagallia uhleri (Van Duzee) were parasitized by a strepsipteran, Halictophagus sp. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Gandolfo, DE AU - Richman, D B AD - South American Biol. Control Lab., ARS-USDA, Bolivar 1559, (1686) Hurlingham, Argentina Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 117 EP - 126 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Empoasca bitubera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, New Mexico KW - parasites KW - Cicadellidae KW - life history KW - food sources KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15689276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=The+biology+of+the+snakeweed+leafhopper%2C+Empoasca+bitubera+%28Homoptera%3A+Cicadellidae%29%2C+in+New+Mexico&rft.au=Gandolfo%2C+DE%3BRichman%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Gandolfo&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homoptera; Cicadellidae; USA, New Mexico; life history; parasites; food sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipid depletion as contributing factors in fumonisin-induced cytotoxicity AN - 15686370; 3963169 AB - Fumonisin B sub(1) is an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, a key enzyme in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and reacylation of free sphingosine. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of increased intracellular free sphinganine and decreased complex sphingolipids on cell growth and cell death induced by fumonisin B sub(1) in pig kidney LLC-PK sub(1) cells. Fumonisin B sub(1) caused an increase in intracellular free sphinganine which preceded depletion of complex sphingolipids, inhibition of cell growth, and cell death. The effects on cell growth and cell death were well correlated with the increase in free sphingoid bases and depletion of complex sphingolipids. Exogenously added sphinganine mimicked the effects of fumonisin, but beta -chloroalanine, an inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase which is the first enzyme in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, also inhibited cell growth and increased cell death. When added simultaneously, beta -chloroalanine reduced the fumonisin-induced sphinganine increase by approximately 90%; however, it exacerbated the decrease in more complex sphingolipids. The effects of fumonisin on cell growth and cell death were only partially prevented by beta -chloroalanine ( similar to 50 to 60%). The results suggest that both the elevation of free sphingoid bases and the decrease in complex sphingolipids contribute to the decreased cell growth and cytolethality of fumonisin B sub(1) in pig kidney LLC-PK sub(1) cells. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Yoo, Hwan-Soo AU - Norred, W P AU - Showker, J AU - Riley, R T AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxins Res. Unit, Russell Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30614-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 211 EP - 218 VL - 138 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - fumonisin B1 KW - pigs KW - sphinganine KW - ceramide synthase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - cell proliferation KW - sphingolipids KW - kidney KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15686370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Elevated+sphingoid+bases+and+complex+sphingolipid+depletion+as+contributing+factors+in+fumonisin-induced+cytotoxicity&rft.au=Yoo%2C+Hwan-Soo%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BShowker%2C+J%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Yoo&rft.aufirst=Hwan-Soo&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sphingolipids; cell proliferation; kidney; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Miscanthus blight, a new foliar disease of ornamental grasses and sugarcane incited by Leptosphaeria sp. and its anamorphic state Stagonospora sp. AN - 15680999; 3967167 AB - Leaf spot and leaf blight were observed on the ornamental grass Miscanthus sinensis during the late summer and fall of 1993, 1994, and 1995 in three counties in Maryland. Severe disease symptoms occurred on residential landscape plants, nursery container stock, and commercial plantings of Miscanthus sinensis, M. s. var. gracillimus, M. s. var. variegatus, and M. s. var. zebrinus. The disease is characterized by reddish brown spots to oval streaks on leaves and sheaths. Leaf margins, leaf tips, and older leaves become necrotic. Younger plants become completely necrotic. Pycnidia and conidia of a species of Stagonospora with a Leptosphaeria teleomorph were observed on naturally infected necrotic Miscanthus leaves. The fungus was readily isolated in pure culture from affected plant parts. The fungus is homothallic, and both the anamorphic and teleomorphic states were produced on inoculated Miscanthus and sugarcane foliage, and on autoclaved sugarcane leaves. The anamorph may be morphologically distinct from other Stagonospora pathogens described from sugarcane, but the teleomorph is similar to Leptosphaeria taiwanensis (anamorph Stagonospora tainanensis), cause of sugarcane leaf blight. In growth chamber inoculations, conidia produced by the Miscanthus fungus and by S. tainanensis from sugarcane were highly virulent and caused similar blight symptoms on four Miscanthus varieties and six sugarcane clones. Sugarcane leaf blight is a serious disease in Taiwan but has not been reported from the United States. The name proposed for the new disease on Miscanthus is Miscanthus blight, caused by Leptosphaeria sp. and its conidial state Stagonospora sp. JF - Plant Disease AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Farr, D F AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 980 EP - 987 VL - 80 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Stagonospora KW - Leptosphaeria KW - blight KW - leafspot KW - Saccharum KW - Miscanthus sinensis KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Miscanthus+blight%2C+a+new+foliar+disease+of+ornamental+grasses+and+sugarcane+incited+by+Leptosphaeria+sp.+and+its+anamorphic+state+Stagonospora+sp.&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BFarr%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptosphaeria; Stagonospora; Miscanthus sinensis; Saccharum; blight; leafspot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red leaf blotch (Dactuliochaeta glycines) of soybeans (Glycine max) its relationship to yield AN - 15669317; 3956314 AB - Red leaf blotch of soybeans, caused by Dactuliochaeta glycines, was evaluated on soybean plants in field plots located in Zambia. Two experiments were conducted in each of two seasons. Experiment 1 had four cultivars that were either fungicide-sprayed or not sprayed. Disease severity was greatest on leaves at the lowest nodes from early vegetative through the reproductive growth stages. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values and percentage of nodes defoliated at growth stage R5 were significantly greater in unsprayed plots for all cultivars in both seasons. Yield losses ranged from 8 to 37% while reduced seed size ranged from 21 to 29% for the four cultivars. Number of pods per plant in fungicide-sprayed plots did not differ from those in unsprayed plots. However, the number of seeds per plant and seeds per pod were significantly greater in sprayed than unsprayed plots for some cultivars. In experiment 2, cultivar Tunia was either fungicide-sprayed at different times or not sprayed. The lowest attached leaf had the most variation in the amount of disease while ratings of the most median leaf in the canopy were generally less variable. The AUDPC values calculated from the lowest attached leaf, the mean of all attached leaves, and the median attached leaf differed significantly the number of times plants were sprayed with fungicide. Defoliation and vertical incidence of red leaf blotch from lower to higher nodes were significantly reduced in fungicide-sprayed plots in one season, but not the other. One thousand-seed weight and yield differed significantly with treatment as one application of triphenyltin acetate increased yields by 18% over unsprayed plots in season 1. One thousand-seed weight and yield, regressed on the AUDPC for the median leaf in the canopy, explained 92 and 72% of the variation, respectively. JF - Plant Pathology AU - Hartman, G L AU - Sinclair, J B AD - USDA/ARS and Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 332 EP - 343 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0862, 0032-0862 KW - Dactuliochaeta glycines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - yield KW - leaf blotch KW - Glycine max KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15669317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Red+leaf+blotch+%28Dactuliochaeta+glycines%29+of+soybeans+%28Glycine+max%29+its+relationship+to+yield&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BSinclair%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=00320862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; leaf blotch; yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of magainin 2, cecropin, mastoparan and melittin on Brucella abortus AN - 15659804; 3942791 AB - The effect of the alpha -helical polycationic peptides magainin 2, melittin, mastoparan and cecropin on the viability of Brucella abortus 544 (type species), B. abortus S19 (vaccine strain) and B. abortus S2308 (vaccine challenge strain) was determined. Rough mutants of these strains and the rough candidate vaccine strain B. abortus RB51 were also tested. S. typhimurium was used as a control. The peptides did not affect the viability of B. abortus smooth strains but some of the peptides affected viability of the rough strains. Magainin 2 at a concentration of 100 mu g ml super(-1) did not reduce the viability of the rough B. abortus strains. Cecropin at a concentration of 15 mu g ml super(-1) reduced the viability of the rough strains by approximately 10-fold. Mastoparan at a concentration of 50 mu g ml super(-1) reduced the viability of the rough strains by approximately 100-fold. Melittin at a concentration of 20 mu g ml super(-1) reduced the viability of the rough strains of B. abortus by approximately 1000-fold. The brucellae were significantly more resistant to all the cationic peptides than was S. typhimurium. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Halling, S M AD - USDA/ARS/NADC, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 187 EP - 192 PB - ELSEVIER VL - 51 IS - 8 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - magainin 2 KW - cecropins KW - mastoparan KW - melittin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antibacterial agents KW - Brucella abortus KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15659804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+magainin+2%2C+cecropin%2C+mastoparan+and+melittin+on+Brucella+abortus&rft.au=Halling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Halling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; antibacterial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time- and dose-response effects of the mycotoxin, fumonisin B sub(1) on sphingoid base elevations in precision-cut rat liver and kidney slices AN - 15643870; 3943345 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced on corn (Zea mays) by the common fungus Fusarium moniliforme. The fumonisins are potent inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis and cause dramatic elevations in the free sphingoid base, sphinganine, both in cells in culture and in urine, blood and tissues of animals dosed with the toxins. In this study the effects of fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) on sphingoid bases in precision-cut rat liver and kidney slices were evaluated. In liver slices exposed for 20 hr to FB sub(1), as little as 0.1 mu M caused a 40-fold elevation in free sphinganine. Kidney slices were less responsive, and a 1 mu M dose of FB sub(1) was required to cause a 10-fold increase in sphinganine. The amount of sphinganine in liver slices exposed to FB sub(1) increased in a time-dependent manner over a 72-hr period, but kidney slices exposed to the same doses of FB sub(1) showed a peak elevation of sphinganine after 24 hr, with a decline in the levels over the next 48 hr. Liver slices may more closely approximate the in vivo response of animals to FB sub(1) than do primary hepatocytes (in which sphinganine may be elevated > 100-fold), because the elevations in sphinganine were similar to those reported in livers of animals fed fumonisins. On the other hand, the response of kidney slices to FB sub(1) was substantially less than that reported in kidney tissue of FB sub(1)-fed rats, suggesting that kidney may accumulate toxic levels of sphingoid bases that are released from other tissues into the blood. The use of tissue slices also appears to be a useful bioassay tool for monitoring corn or other products for toxins, such as fumonisins, that elevate sphinganine levels. Crude extracts of corn screenings naturally contaminated with fumonisins produced significantly elevated sphinganine levels in liver slices, even after 50-fold dilution of the extract. JF - Toxicology In Vitro AU - Norred, W P AU - Riley, R T AU - Meredith, F I AU - Bacon, C W AU - Voss, KA AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxins Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 349 EP - 358 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0887-2333, 0887-2333 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - sphingolipids KW - dose-response effects KW - liver KW - kidney KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15643870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.atitle=Time-+and+dose-response+effects+of+the+mycotoxin%2C+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+on+sphingoid+base+elevations+in+precision-cut+rat+liver+and+kidney+slices&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BVoss%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; liver; kidney; mycotoxins; sphingolipids; dose-response effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of listeriolysin O in an ELISA, a skin test and a lymphocyte blastogenesis assay on sheep experimentally infected with Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii or Listeria innocua AN - 15641243; 3942838 AB - Purified listeriolysin O (LLO) was evaluated as a specific antigen to detect both humoral and cell mediated immune responses of sheep infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Six sheep (two in each group) were orally inoculated with 10 super(10) organisms of L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, or L. innocua. Only the L. monocytogenes inoculated sheep had an elevated temperature (> 42 degree C) and after 15 days had anti-LLO antibodies as assessed by an ELISA. In a blastogenesis assay, only peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from L. monocytogenes-infected sheep responded to LLO, while PBMC from all the sheep responded somewhat to heat-killed L. monocytogenes bacteria. In a skin test, only L. monocytogenes-infected sheep exhibited a positive reaction to injected LLO, while all the Listeria-infected sheep reacted to heat-killed bacteria. On day 120 postinfection, all of the sheep were orally inoculated with L. monocytogenes. Only the four that had not been previously given L. monocytogenes exhibited an elevated temperature (> 42 degree C). 80 days later, sera from all of the animals were positive for anti-LLO antibodies. Thus, prior exposure to L. ivanovii or L. innocua does not protect against a L. monocytogenes challenge. These results suggest LLO is an excellent antigen for use in detecting Listeria infection in sheep. However, whether LLO will be useful in differentiating chronically infected animals from animals that have recovered, has yet to be investigated. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Baetz, AL AU - Wesley, I V AU - Stevens, M G AD - Enteric Dis. Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA/ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 151 EP - 159 PB - ELSEVIER VL - 51 IS - 8 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - sheep KW - listeriolysin O KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - experimental infection KW - Listeria innocua KW - Listeria ivanovii KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15641243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+listeriolysin+O+in+an+ELISA%2C+a+skin+test+and+a+lymphocyte+blastogenesis+assay+on+sheep+experimentally+infected+with+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+Listeria+ivanovii+or+Listeria+innocua&rft.au=Baetz%2C+AL%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BStevens%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Baetz&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Listeria ivanovii; Listeria innocua; experimental infection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphometric and histopathologic analysis of lymphoid depletion in murine spleens following infection with Brucella abortus strains 2308 or RB51 or an htrA deletion mutant AN - 15635256; 3941282 AB - BALB/C mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with suspensions of Brucella abortus strains 2308 or RB51 or an htrA mutant. Spleens were examined on postinoculation day (PID) 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 21, 30, and 60. Brucellae were cultured in high numbers from the spleens of mice infected with strains 2308 or htrA through PID 60; however, mice infected with strain RB51 cleared the infection between PID 30 and PID 60. Histopathologic changes in spleens from 2308-infected mice were characterized by marked accumulations of macrophages, which expanded marginal zones beginning as early as PID 7 and persisting through PID 60. Morphometric analysis showed a decrease in splenic white pulp in 2308-infected mice at PID 10, which correlated with the peak of bacterial infection. Although this decrease was significant (P 0.05). Spleens from mice infected with the htrA mutant showed moderate to marked accumulations of macrophages in marginal zone areas, which persisted through PID 60. Multifocal necrosis in lymphoid follicles as early as PID 4 was seen in both htrA and 2308 infection. Morphometric analysis of htrA-infected spleens revealed no significant decrease in white pulp and no obvious correlation with bacterial numbers in the spleen. These results suggest that virulent B. abortus does not induce lymphoid depletion significantly below those values seen in noninfected mice; thus, the possible role of lymphoid depletion in the pathogenesis of brucellosis remains questionable. JF - Veterinary Pathology AU - Palmer, M V AU - Cheville, N F AU - Tatum, F M AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 282 EP - 289 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0300-9858, 0300-9858 KW - htrA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - deletion mutant KW - Brucella abortus KW - lymphoid cells KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15635256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Pathology&rft.atitle=Morphometric+and+histopathologic+analysis+of+lymphoid+depletion+in+murine+spleens+following+infection+with+Brucella+abortus+strains+2308+or+RB51+or+an+htrA+deletion+mutant&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BCheville%2C+N+F%3BTatum%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Pathology&rft.issn=03009858&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; lymphoid cells; deletion mutant ER - TY - CONF T1 - To live fast or not: Growth, vigor and longevity of old-growth ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine trees AN - 15633388; 3940124 AB - Old trees of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) were studied to determine volume growth patterns in relation to leaf area. Ponderosa pine trees varied in age from 166 to 432 years and were about 77 cm in diameter; lodgepole pine trees varied in age from 250 to 296 years and were about 31 cm in diameter. With the exception of several ponderosa pine trees less than 200 years old, trees of both species had flattened tops, heavy branches, and foliage distribution characteristically found only in the oldest trees. After trees were felled, annual volume increments were determined from crossdated radial increments measured on discs at 4-m height intervals, and leaf areas were determined based on leaf area/branch sapwood area ratios for 1/5 sections of the crown for each tree. In ponderosa pine, three distinct volume growth patterns occurred: (1) a gradual increase in annual volume growth until felling; (2) a more rapid increase in growth to a plateau that persisted for a century or more; and (3) a rapid increase in growth followed by a generally sudden decrease in growth to less than half the earlier rates, and persisting at these lower rates for as long as seven decades. In lodgepole pine, fewer trees exhibited the sudden growth decline observed in ponderosa pine. Most short-term growth variations in ponderosa pine were synchronized among all trees, suggesting a common climatic signal. In lodgepole pine, annual variations in volume growth were slight. Volume growth in the most recent years before felling was weakly correlated with leaf area at the time of felling (r super(2) = 0.45 for both species). However, in both species, trees having a high volume growth rate and leaf area at the time of felling had grown slowly when young, whereas trees having low volume growth rate and leaf area at felling grew rapidly when young. Thus a wide range of early and late growth patterns can lead to old-growth conditions in these species. Growth efficiencies (grams of dry matter per m super(2) total leaf area) were generally higher for trees having the lowest leaf areas, and in almost all cases were below 100 g m super(-2). JF - Tree Physiology AU - Kaufmann, M R Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 139 EP - 144 VL - 16 IS - 1-2 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - vigor KW - Pinus contorta latifolia KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - longevity KW - leaf area KW - growth rate KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15633388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=To+live+fast+or+not%3A+Growth%2C+vigor+and+longevity+of+old-growth+ponderosa+pine+and+lodgepole+pine+trees&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Root growth and physiology of potted and field-grown trembling aspen exposed to tropospheric ozone AN - 15631437; 3940125 AB - We studied root growth and respiration of potted plants and field-grown aspen trees (Populus tremuloides Michx.) exposed to ambient or twice-ambient ozone. Root dry weight of potted plants decreased up to 45% after 12 weeks of ozone treatment, and root system respiration decreased by 27%. The ozone-induced decrease in root system respiration of potted plants was more closely correlated with decreased root dry weight than with specific root respiration, suggesting that aspen root metabolism was less affected by ozone than root growth. We used minirhizotrons to study the appearance and disappearance of roots in the field. Length of live roots of field-grown trees increased rapidly early in the season and peaked by midseason in association with a decrease in root production and an increase in root disappearance. In the twice-ambient ozone treatment, live root lengths were 17% less than those of controls, but the effect was not statistically significant. Seasonal soil CO sub(2) efflux of field-grown trees decreased significantly in the ozone treatments, but because differences in live root length were not significant and root dry weights were not available, the effect on CO sub(2) efflux could not be attributed directly to decreased root growth. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Coleman, MD AU - Dickson, R E AU - Isebrands, J G AU - Karnosky, D F Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 145 EP - 152 VL - 16 IS - 1-2 KW - ozone KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - roots KW - growth rate KW - Populus tremuloides KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15631437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Root+growth+and+physiology+of+potted+and+field-grown+trembling+aspen+exposed+to+tropospheric+ozone&rft.au=Coleman%2C+MD%3BDickson%2C+R+E%3BIsebrands%2C+J+G%3BKarnosky%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of ergot on Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed in Northeastern Oregon AN - 15625672; 3933503 AB - The impact of ergot on production of Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed in northeastern Oregon was determined. High levels of ergot occurred in only two of the six cultivars examined. In susceptible cultivars as many as 504 sclerotia per gram of seed were detected. This equated to 47% ergot by weight, or 25% infected seed. Ergot severity (percent sclerotia by weight) in Kentucky bluegrass seed in 1991 to 1994 was estimated at 0.20, 0.04, 0.07, and 1.15%, respectively, based on total seed production in northeastern Oregon. Percent seed replaced by sclerotia in 1991 to 1994 was 0.05, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.44% respectively. A significant relationship between ergot severity and yield was not detected. However, a 9% reduction in marketable seed weight occurred when seed lots contaminated with ergot were recleaned to meet purity standards. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AU - Coats, D D AU - Crowe, F J AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage Seed Production Res. Cent., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 853 EP - 855 VL - 80 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Claviceps purpurea KW - ergot KW - USA, Oregon KW - Poa pratensis KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15625672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Impact+of+ergot+on+Kentucky+bluegrass+grown+for+seed+in+Northeastern+Oregon&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C%3BCoats%2C+D+D%3BCrowe%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poa pratensis; Claviceps purpurea; USA, Oregon; ergot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wood-decay fungi associated with woodpecker nest cavities in living western larch AN - 15625575; 3933475 AB - Trunks and branches of both living and dead trees decayed by wood-rotting fungi provide nesting sites for woodpeckers. Most species of woodpeckers excavate a new nesting cavity every year as part of their breeding biology. Once abandoned by the woodpeckers, cavities are used by a host of other wildlife dependent on cavity habitat. Forest managers are concerned that current management practices do not provide sufficient numbers of suitably decayed trees, over time, to sustain cavity-dependent wildlife. Identifying decay fungi in trees selected by woodpeckers is an important step in determining management strategies. Twenty living western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) located in northeastern Oregon were sampled by climbing and collecting wood cores adjacent to woodpecker nest cavities. Wood samples were cultured on malt extract agar. All nest cavities were associated with decayed wood. No wood-decay fungi were obtained from 7 trees, whereas 7 Basidiomycetes were obtained from the 13 remaining trees. Coniophora puteana (Schumach.:Fr.) P. Karst. was isolated from 6 trees; Gloeophylum sepiarium (Ft.) P. Karst. from 3 trees; Oligoporus placentus (Fr.) R. L. Gilbertson & Ryvarden from 3 trees; Stereum sanguinolentum (Albertini & Schwein.:Fr.) Fr. from 2 trees. Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat., and Wolfiporia cocos (Schwein.) Ryvarden & R. L. Gilbertson were each isolated once from separate trees. Three of the fungi found in our survey, G. sepiarium, O. placentus, and N. lepideus, are considered saprophytes and are not known to decay living trees. The other four fungi are reported as facultative parasites and can colonize either living or dead trees if conditions are suitable. For many facultative parasites to become established in a living tree, freshly exposed wood resulting from injuries is essential. Such is the case when Stereum sanguinolentum occurs in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) where it is the principal cause of heart rot of the species. Information from this and similar studies may be used to develop techniques to inoculate trees for woodpecker use. JF - Plant Disease AU - Parks, C G AU - Bull, EL AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest. and Range Sci. Lab., La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 959 VL - 80 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - wood-decay fungi KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Larix occidentalis KW - Picidae KW - nests KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15625575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Wood-decay+fungi+associated+with+woodpecker+nest+cavities+in+living+western+larch&rft.au=Parks%2C+C+G%3BBull%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Larix occidentalis; Picidae; nests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improvement in Pichia stipitis fermentation of acid-hydrolysed hemicellulose achieved by overliming (calcium hydroxide treatment) and strain adaptation AN - 15623995; 3933556 AB - The fermentability of a corn cob, acid-hydrolysed hemicellulose by Pichia stipitis was considerably improved by pre-treatment with Ca(OH) sub(2). The total sugars utilized and ethanol yield for the untreated hydrolysate were 18% and 0.21 g/g, respectively, compared with 82% and 0.32 g/g respectively for the treated material. Adaptation of the yeast to the hydrolysate resulted in a significantly higher fermentation rate with over 90% of the initial total sugars being utilized and an ethanol yield and maximum ethanol concentration of 0.41 g/g and 13.3 g/l, respectively. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Amartey, S AU - Jeffries, T AD - USDA Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 281 EP - 283 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - hemicellulose KW - calcium hydroxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Pichia stipitis KW - fermentation KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=An+improvement+in+Pichia+stipitis+fermentation+of+acid-hydrolysed+hemicellulose+achieved+by+overliming+%28calcium+hydroxide+treatment%29+and+strain+adaptation&rft.au=Amartey%2C+S%3BJeffries%2C+T&rft.aulast=Amartey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pichia stipitis; fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low calcium diet and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D sub(3) infusion modulate immune responses during Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in beige mice AN - 15616172; 3932300 AB - A 12-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a low calcium (Ca) diet or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D sub(3) (1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3)) infusion on the persistence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection using a mouse model. Male beige mice 6-8 weeks of age were assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) non-infected, (2) infected, (3) non-infected/1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3), (4) infected/1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3), and (5) infected/low Ca (0.15%) diet. Infected mice were inoculated intravenously with live M. paratuberculosis. At 1, 6 and 12 months postinfection, mice in Treatments 3 and 4 were implanted subcutaneously with mini-osmotic pumps to deliver 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3). Infusion with 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) exacerbated M. paratuberculosis infection in most tissues at all time points. Mice infused with 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) had higher bacterial counts in spleen, liver, and ileum compared with control infected mice after 1 month of infection. In contrast, feeding a low Ca diet reduced the number of viable organisms cultured from the liver and ileum of infected mice. Plasma Ca and 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) were increased in mice infused with 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) at all time points but values for low Ca mice were not different than for non-infused mice. Splenocyte production of TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 was higher for mice fed the low Ca diet compared with control infected mice after 1 month of infection. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Stabel, J R AU - Goff, J P AU - Whipple, D L AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Reinhardt, T A AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Unit, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 127 EP - 143 VL - 50 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - calcitriol KW - beige mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - immune response KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15616172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Low+calcium+diet+and+1%2C25-dihydroxyvitamin+D+sub%283%29+infusion+modulate+immune+responses+during+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+infection+in+beige+mice&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BGoff%2C+J+P%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BAckermann%2C+M+R%3BReinhardt%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; immune response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical loads for nitrogen deposition: Case studies at two northern hardwood forests AN - 15607799; 3923935 AB - A critical load of a pollutant is the level of input below which no harmful ecological effects occur to a complex ecosystem. Critical loads are being used in policy decisions regarding air pollution emissions. In this paper, we applied four mass and charge balance methods of calculating critical loads to two northern hardwood forests in the northeastern United States. Critical loads for nitrogen deposition with respect to acidity ranged from 0-630 eq/ha-yr. Critical loads for nitrogen deposition with respect to effects of elevated nitrogen (eutrophication and nutrient imbalances) ranged from 0-1450 eq/ha-yr. At both the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) and Huntington Wildlife Forest (HWF), the critical load for nitrogen with respect to acidity was exceeded. At the HBEF, due to reduced forest growth, the critical load for nitrogen with respect to nutrient imbalances and eutrophication was exceeded in recent years. At Huntington Wildlife Forest, the critical load with respect to nitrogen effects was also exceeded. This analysis demonstrated that the calculated critical load of nitrogen varies in response to changes in environmental conditions such as variations in atmospheric deposition of sulfate or changes in forest biomass accumulation. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Pardo, L H AU - Driscoll, C T AD - USDA Forest Serv., 705 Spear St., S. Burlington, VT 05403, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 EP - 128 VL - 89 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - pollutant deposition KW - nitrogen KW - sulfates KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - biomass KW - acidity KW - USA, Northeast KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15607799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Critical+loads+for+nitrogen+deposition%3A+Case+studies+at+two+northern+hardwood+forests&rft.au=Pardo%2C+L+H%3BDriscoll%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Pardo&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Northeast; USA, New Hampshire; forests; pollutant deposition; nitrogen; sulfates; acidity; biomass ER - TY - CONF T1 - Tree physiology research in a changing world AN - 15600362; 3929024 AB - Changes in issues and advances in methodology have contributed to substantial progress in tree physiology research during the last several decades. Current research focuses on process interactions in complex systems and the integration of processes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. An increasingly important challenge for future research is assuring sustainability of production systems and forested ecosystems in the face of increased demands for natural resources and human disturbance of forests. Meeting this challenge requires significant shifts in research approach, including the study of limitations of productivity that may accompany achievement of system sustainability, and a focus on the biological capabilities of complex land bases altered by human activity. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Kaufmann, M R AU - Linder, S Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1 EP - 4 VL - 16 IS - 1-2 KW - canopy KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - disturbance KW - physiology KW - human impact KW - research programs KW - trees KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15600362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Tree+physiology+research+in+a+changing+world&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+M+R%3BLinder%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between resistance to Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli colonization in sugarcane and spread of ratoon stunting disease in the field AN - 15591223; 3917895 AB - The spread of ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane resulting from hand-cutting was monitored in plots of six different cultivars that varied in RSD resistance. Cultivar resistance influenced the disease spread. Very little spread was observed among plants of an RSD-resistant cultivar that had low numbers of Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli-colonized vascular bundles (cvb) determined in 1-cm-diameter core sample of stalk tissue; whereas the rate of spread and incidence were highest in the most susceptible cultivar, which had approximately 20 cvb per core sample. Disease spread followed the direction of hand harvest within rows from infected source plants (inoculated) to test plants (uninoculated). The incidence of RSD in test plants increased with the number of ratoon crops harvested. JF - Plant Disease AU - Comstock, J C AU - Shine, JM Jr AU - Davis, MJ AU - Dean, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn., Canal Point, FL 33438, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 704 EP - 708 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Clavibacter xyli xyli KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - disease resistance KW - ratoon stunt KW - disease spread KW - Saccharum KW - harvesting KW - cutting KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15591223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+resistance+to+Clavibacter+xyli+subsp.+xyli+colonization+in+sugarcane+and+spread+of+ratoon+stunting+disease+in+the+field&rft.au=Comstock%2C+J+C%3BShine%2C+JM+Jr%3BDavis%2C+MJ%3BDean%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Comstock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=704&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharum; ratoon stunt; disease spread; disease resistance; cutting; harvesting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heavy metal and volatile organic chemical removal and treatment in on-site waste water infiltration systems I. Catch basins and septic tanks AN - 15590117; 3915788 AB - Solvents, greases and rinse waters from routine vehicle maintenance contain heavy metals and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). In Wisconsin, these fluids enter catch basins along with rising waters and are discharged to soil infiltration systems drainfields after mixing with domestic wastewaters in a septic tank. The purpose of this study was to motor heavy metal and VOC removal and treatment in catch basins and septic tanks at four publicly-owned motor vehicle service stations (MVSS). Cadmium, chromium, and lead were found in catch basin wastewaters, septic tank effluent, and septic tank sludge at concentrations ranging from 0.002-7.7 mg L super(-1). Lead was found in the highest concentration. The highest concentrations of metal were in septic tank sludge. Of the >50 VOcs scanned for in catch basin wastewater, septic tank effluent, and septic tank sludge samples, 29 were found in concentrations that exceeded analytical detection limits. Concentrations of detected VOCs ranged from 1.0-15,800 mu g L super(-1) and the highest concentrations of VOCs were found in catch basin wastewater and septic tank sludge. Acetone, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes were the most commonly found VOCs at all sampling locations. Thus, heavy metals and VOCs were not completely removed in catch basins and were discharged to septic tanks where removal occurred possibly as these contaminants settled with solids in the sludge. The level of treatment was, however, inadequate and heavy metals and VOCs were discharged to drainfields. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Sauer, P A AU - Tyler, E J AD - USDA, ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 221 EP - 232 VL - 89 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - drains KW - catch basins KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wastewater treatment KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - waste management KW - organic compounds KW - pollutant removal KW - rural areas KW - infiltration KW - septic tanks KW - volatile organic compounds KW - heavy metals KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15590117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Heavy+metal+and+volatile+organic+chemical+removal+and+treatment+in+on-site+waste+water+infiltration+systems+I.+Catch+basins+and+septic+tanks&rft.au=Sauer%2C+P+A%3BTyler%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Wisconsin; heavy metals; organic compounds; wastewater treatment; infiltration; septic tanks; waste management; rural areas; volatile organic compounds; pollutant removal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium inputs and transport in a base-poor forest ecosystem as interpreted by Sr isotopes AN - 15587614; 3914950 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Bailey, S W AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Driscoll, C T AU - Gaudette, HE AD - Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., USDA For. Ser., Campton, NH, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 707 EP - 719 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - calcium KW - chemical reactions KW - strontium radioisotopes KW - watersheds KW - geochemistry KW - weathering KW - acid rain KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15587614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Calcium+inputs+and+transport+in+a+base-poor+forest+ecosystem+as+interpreted+by+Sr+isotopes&rft.au=Bailey%2C+S+W%3BHornbeck%2C+J+W%3BDriscoll%2C+C+T%3BGaudette%2C+HE&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - calcium; strontium radioisotopes; geochemistry; watersheds; forests; weathering; chemical reactions; acid rain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of staphylococcal beta toxin on the cytotoxicity, proliferation and adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to bovine mammary epithelial cells AN - 15584151; 3910619 AB - The effect of staphylococcal beta toxin on the cytotoxicity, proliferation and adherence of S. aureus to bovine mammary epithelial cells was studied. Bovine erythrocytes and mammary epithelial cells were incubated with purified staphylococcal alpha and beta toxins and with culture supernatants from S. aureus M60 and two mutant strains that are negative for either the production of alpha (DU5789 super( alpha -)) or beta (DU5846 super( beta -)) toxin. Lysis of bovine erythrocytes was due primarily to beta toxin. Alpha toxin increased the lysis of bovine erythrocytes by purified beta toxin, but the presence of alpha toxin in culture supernatants from S. aureus did not increase the lysis of bovine erythrocytes. Purified beta toxin was cytotoxic to mammary secretory epithelial cells, but to a lesser extent than alpha toxin. Together they exhibited an additive effect on mammary epithelial cells. Inactivation of the alpha toxin-gene of S. aureus M60 decreased the cytotoxic effect on mammary epithelial cells to a greater extent than the inactivation of the beta toxin-gene. Also, the relative percentages of DU5789 super( alpha -) and DU5846 super( beta -) adhering to mammary cell monolayers, the number and size of colonies and the number of infected epithelial cells decreased. This in vitro study showed that beta toxin damages bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells, increases the damaging effects of alpha toxin, increases the adherence of S. aureus to mammary epithelial cells and increases the proliferation of S. aureus. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Cifrian, E AU - Guidry, A J AU - Bramley, A J AU - Norcross, N L AU - Bastida-Corcuera, FD AU - Marquardt, W W AD - Immunol. and Dis. Resistance Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 187 EP - 198 VL - 48 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - beta -toxin KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cytotoxicity testing KW - cell adhesion KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - epithelium KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15584151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+staphylococcal+beta+toxin+on+the+cytotoxicity%2C+proliferation+and+adherence+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+to+bovine+mammary+epithelial+cells&rft.au=Cifrian%2C+E%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BBramley%2C+A+J%3BNorcross%2C+N+L%3BBastida-Corcuera%2C+FD%3BMarquardt%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Cifrian&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; epithelium; cell adhesion; cytotoxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of metabolites from Pseudomonas syringae-strain 3366 and their phytotoxicity against certain weed and crop species AN - 15580976; 3916200 AB - Phytotoxic effects of metabolites from a naturally occurring rhizobacterial isolate, Pseudomonas syringae strain 3366, were determined on downy brome and 'Hill 81' winter wheat, along with 10 other weed and crop species. Centrifuged supernatant and concentrated ethyl acetate extracts from aerobic shake cultures of strain 3366 suppressed germination of seeds and reduced root and shoot growth in agar diffusion assays, soil assays, and under field conditions. Generally, root growth was inhibited more than shoot growth. Strain 3366 metabolites applied in soil inhibited all species tested. Crude ethyl acetate extracts in soil inhibited downy brome at concentrations that had little effect on winter wheat. Inhibitory activity was greater in Palouse silt loam (pH 5.8, 3.6% organic matter) than in Shano silt loam (pH 9.0, 0.8% organic matter). Activity of extracted metabolites decreased rapidly in wet soil but remained high in dry soil. Active metabolites were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate extract using column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and crystallization. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2-amino phenoxazone, and 2-amino phenol. Activity of these metabolites against downy brome was confirmed in agar assays. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, the major identifiable metabolite present in ethyl acetate extracts (20% by weight), inhibited downy brome root growth by 99% at concentrations of 5.7 mg L super(-1). Production of these metabolites in field soil by live bacteria of strain 3366 was confirmed with thin-layer chromatography. JF - Weed Science AU - Gealy AU - Gurusiddaiah, S AU - Ogg, AG Jr AD - Plant Physiol., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Pullman, WA 99164-6416, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 383 EP - 392 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - metabolites KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - phytotoxicity KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15580976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+metabolites+from+Pseudomonas+syringae-strain+3366+and+their+phytotoxicity+against+certain+weed+and+crop+species&rft.au=Gealy%3BGurusiddaiah%2C+S%3BOgg%2C+AG+Jr&rft.aulast=Gealy&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas syringae; phytotoxicity; biological control; weed control; metabolites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measured and predicted transport of two s-triazine herbicides through soil columns AN - 15572805; 3912262 AB - Effluent concentration of chloride and two pesticides (prometon and atrazine) were measured during column displacement experiments at two water flow rates. A constant suction of approximately 1300 Pa was maintained in the packed soil columns which were positioned vertically on top of a vacuum chamber enclosing an automatic fraction collector. Measured breakthrough curves (BTC's) were analyzed in terms of two solute transport models: the standard two-parameter convection-dispersion equation (CDE), and a four-parameter two-site/two-region nonequilibrium model (TRM). Calculations obtained with the TRM model were found to be in better agreement with measured BTC's than predictions using the CDE model. Column retardation factors for prometon and artazine calculated from equilibrium batch sorption coefficients were comparable to those estimated from the observed BTC's only when the nonequilibrium TRM model was used. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Singh, G AU - Van Genuchten, MTH AU - Spencer, W F AU - Cliath, M M AU - Yates AD - Pesticide and Water Quality Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Dep. Soil and Env. Sci. U.C. Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 137 EP - 149 VL - 86 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - solute transport KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - soil contamination KW - groundwater pollution KW - herbicides KW - pollution dispersion KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15572805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Measured+and+predicted+transport+of+two+s-triazine+herbicides+through+soil+columns&rft.au=Singh%2C+G%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MTH%3BSpencer%2C+W+F%3BCliath%2C+M+M%3BYates&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; groundwater pollution; pollution dispersion; soil contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic contaminants in municipal biosolids: risk assessment, quantitative pathways analysis, and current research priorities AN - 13642991; 199605415 AB - The Pathway method of quantitative risk assessment is the basis of the U.S. Clean Water Act Regulation 40 CFR 503. The pathway approach for analysing the risks to humans and the environment from toxic organic compounds, particularly PCB, in land-applied municipal biosolids is described. Two pathways posed the greatest risk to humans: soil/biosolids ingestion (Pathway 3-D and M) and biosolids ingestion by grazing livestock used as food by humans (Pathway 5-Surface). Other pathways transferred biosolids-applied organics to humans at lower levels than Pathway 3-D and M and Pathway 5-Surface. Each pathway considers risk to highly exposed individuals rather than the general population. The pathways are described and the limitations on PCB in biosolids estimated for all pathways are summarized. Research needs to improve regulations for xenobiotics in land-applied biosolids are identified. There are 86 references. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Chaney, R L AU - Ryan, JA AU - O'Connor, G A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 187 EP - 216 VL - 185 IS - 1/3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Analysis KW - Hazard KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13642991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Organic+contaminants+in+municipal+biosolids%3A+risk+assessment%2C+quantitative+pathways+analysis%2C+and+current+research+priorities&rft.au=Chaney%2C+R+L%3BRyan%2C+JA%3BO%27Connor%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1%2F3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between particle movement and channel morphology in some northern Idaho streams AN - 13641797; 199605078 AB - Data on stream characteristics were collected in 1992 from 17 mountain streams within fine- to coarse-grained schist formations on the Idaho Panhandle National Forests. They were used to examine predictive relationships in monitoring stream channel stability and fishery habitat. An analysis of materials deposited on gravel bars showed that critical grain size, calculated using Duboy's tractive force equation, did not provide accurate estimates of particle sizes moved at bankfull discharge at most sites. The tractive force equation gave reasonable estimates to 10 mm at 16 per cent of sites, but significantly over- or underestimated the sizes at the remaining sites. Regression and discriminant analysis showed that the relationship between critical grain size and the geometric mean diameter of material deposited on gravel bars was influenced most by the substrate size, slope and width-to-depth ratio. Similarly, lithology was correlated with the size of particles moved. Particle sizes moved at bankfull discharge were poorly correlated with residual pool depth or pool length. There are 30 references. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Hallisey, JE AU - Belt, G H AD - USDA Forest Service, St. Maries, Idaho Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 383 EP - 391 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13641797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+particle+movement+and+channel+morphology+in+some+northern+Idaho+streams&rft.au=Hallisey%2C+JE%3BBelt%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Hallisey&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration of time domain reflectometry for measurement of liquid water in frozen soils AN - 13641555; 199604817 AB - Time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used for field measurement of the amount of liquid water present in soils at sub-freezing temperatures, a parameter which affects soil infiltrability, soil solution migration and soil-atmosphere energy exchange. Observed increases in liquid water in frozen soils with increasing soil water content were explored by examination of TDR calibration equations. Six calibration equations were applied to 3 soils under frozen and unfrozen conditions. Two empirical equations exhibited the expected changes in liquid water with soil water for all 3 soils. In general, mixing model equations did not incorporate ice and/or temperature effects in a manner consistent with modelling approaches. It was not clear whether the TDR measured liquid water changes were real or the result of dielectric effects that were not accounted for in the calibration equations. There are 61 references. JF - Soil Science AU - Seyfried AU - Murdock, MD AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Regional Watershed Centre, Boise, Idaho Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 87 EP - 98 VL - 161 IS - 2 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Time domain reflectometry KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13641555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Calibration+of+time+domain+reflectometry+for+measurement+of+liquid+water+in+frozen+soils&rft.au=Seyfried%3BMurdock%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Seyfried&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The occurrence, distribution, and remediation of transient pollution events in agricultural and silvicultural environments AN - 13639450; 199605583 AB - Transient pollution caused by agriculture and silviculture is considered in terms of the effect of suspended solids, nutrients and chemicals on the biology of the environment, and on possible remedial measures. Both activities resulted in pollution events during storms which often accounted for most of the annual yield of pollutants. They could have a profound effect on the health of water bodies, limit seasonal primary productivity, change the balance of functional groups and alter reproductive cycles. Although most noticeable in surface runoff, transient events also affected shallow groundwater. Such occurrences were often linked with natural seasonal events such as autumn leaching of crop residues, or with the application of agricultural chemicals. Rainfall distribution and intensity were important in determining the magnitude of the transient pollution. Best management practices would seek to minimize the total loading of agricultural pollutants to aquatic ecosystems and reduce the transient concentration peaks. There are 66 references. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Schreiber, J D AU - Smith, S AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Oxford, Mass. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 17 EP - 26 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13639450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mitteilungen+der+Oesterreichischen+Bodenkundlichen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Trends+in+soil+taxonomy%3B+a+shared+heritage&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W%3BAhrens%2C+R+J%3BEngel%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mitteilungen+der+Oesterreichischen+Bodenkundlichen+Gesellschaft&rft.issn=0029893X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatially optimizing forest management schedules to meet stormflow constraints AN - 13638430; 199703030 AB - A spatial optimization approach was used to limit the cumulative effects resulting from storms in the management of forested watersheds. Simple drainage systems and uniform watershed conditions were assumed in 2 test cases. The potential of spatially scheduling forest treatments, as well as the use of mathematical modelling, in helping with cumulative effects management is discussed. Restrictions of the method are noted. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Bevers, M AU - Hof, J AU - Troendle, C AD - USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1007 EP - 1015 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13638430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Spatially+optimizing+forest+management+schedules+to+meet+stormflow+constraints&rft.au=Bevers%2C+M%3BHof%2C+J%3BTroendle%2C+C&rft.aulast=Bevers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticide and metal contamination of a mixed cover agricultural watershed AN - 13637924; 199605617 AB - Soil water, sediment and fish were sampled at randomly selected sites in a catchment approximately equally divided between forest and agriculture. The samples were analysed for pesticides, PCB and heavy metals. Arsenic and mercury averaged 0.67 and 0.31 ug per g, respectively, in soil samples, 0.25 and 0.03 ug per g in sediment samples, and were present in fish tissue at lower concentrations. Relatively high zinc levels were present in soil and sediment. Total DDT was undetectable, 1.90 and 118 ng per g in soil, sediment and fish, respectively. In normal flows, water samples had the lowest concentrations of metals and insecticides: these rose significantly during storms. Presently used insecticides were only detected seasonally and in extremely low concentrations. However, the more acutely toxic of these compounds could still exert a detrimental effect during this transient exposure. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Knight, S S AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-ARS, Oxford, Mass. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 227 EP - 234 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13637924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Insecticide+and+metal+contamination+of+a+mixed+cover+agricultural+watershed&rft.au=Knight%2C+S+S%3BCooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural land use effects on nitrate concentrations in a mature karst aquifer AN - 13637495; 199701082 AB - Contributions of nitrate from typical grazing and dairying activities in south-eastern West Virginia to karst groundwater quality were evaluated. It was estimated that one-third of the farms, cattle and agricultural market value in the Appalachian region were on karst terrain. Nitrate levels were measured in cave streams draining pasture and a dairy. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were highest in cave streams draining the dairy and an area of pasture where cattle congregated for shade and water. The dairy accounted for up to 70 per cent of the nitrogen load increase in the section of the cave system studied. Ways of protecting groundwater in the karst aquifer were considered. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Boyer, D G AU - Pasquarell, G C AD - USDA-ARS, Beckley, W. Va. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 565 EP - 573 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13637495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Agricultural+land+use+effects+on+nitrate+concentrations+in+a+mature+karst+aquifer&rft.au=Boyer%2C+D+G%3BPasquarell%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues in artificial recharge AN - 13637431; 199701093 AB - Important aspects relating to the artificial recharge of groundwater are reviewed. The operation of infiltration basins is explained; these seek to achieve denitrification by periodic flooding, and the effective removal of micro-organisms and microcontaminants in deep permeable soils. The alternative of well recharge, where suitable soils are unavailable, and the problems of clogging are considered. Disinfection and pretreatment of recharge water are explored in this context, together with concerns about disinfection by-products. Aquifer storage and recovery wells, vadose-zone wells, seepage trenches and constructed aquifers are briefly discussed. Concerns about potable use of sewage effluents after soil-aquifer treatment are explored with reference to trace organic compounds and the problems of toxicity testing. The likelihood that trace organic compounds would reach groundwaters through increasing irrigation with reclaimed wastewater is noted. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Bouwer, H AD - USDA-ARS, Phoenix, Ariz. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 381 EP - 390 VL - 33 IS - 10/11 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Likelihood KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13637431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Issues+in+artificial+recharge&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+H&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10%2F11&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macroscopic capillary length, sorptivity, and shape factor in modelling the infiltration rate AN - 13635691; 199701549 AB - Problems concerning computer models of water flow in the unsaturated zone are addressed. These are: the relationship of the macroscopic capillary length (MCL) and sorptivity to the parameters in the Brooks and Corey (B-C) or van Genuchten (vG) analytical expressions of hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity; a generalized infiltration solution; and the influence of small variations of the shape factor on infiltration rate predictions. Numerical simulations with a dimensionless form of Richard's equation were carried out. The shape factor varied within a narrow range for B-C and vG expressions and small variations did not affect the infiltration rate significantly. This was useful because the shape factor was more difficult to measure than MCL and sorptivity. The physical similarity of the dimensional infiltration curves suggested that the MCL could be used as a scale factor. This would enable infiltration into a soil to be determined by changing the units of length and time of a generalized infiltration curve solution, thus minimizing computation. The theoretical background is presented. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Nachabe, M H AD - USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 957 EP - 962 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13635691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Entomophaga+grylli+%28Fresenius%29+Batko+species+complex%3A+Its+biology%2C+ecology%2C+and+use+for+biological+control+of+pest+grasshoppers&rft.au=Carruthers%2C+R+I%3BRamos%2C+ME%3BLarkin%2C+T+S%3BHostetter%2C+D+L%3BSoper%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic impacts of guided whitewater rafting: a study of five rivers AN - 13633003; 199704974 AB - State-level regional economic impacts of whitewater rafting at 5 rivers of varied characteristics were determined for 6 states. Detailed expenditure surveys, an input-output model and visitation estimates were combined to calculate average and aggregate measures of the economic impacts to state economies of this activity. Four common dimensions of economic impacts were examined: total industrial output (TIO), total income, value added, and employment. There were direct, indirect and induced impacts from visitors using guided whitewater rafting facilities: goods and services purchased, the economic activity to replace them, and the spending of additional income. Data were collected from a sample of visitors using the river to obtain estimates of person-trips and expenditures per person. Economic impacts per non-resident increased with the length of the rafting trip and remoteness of the river. Type III Multipliers, defined as total impacts divided by direct impacts, were reasonably consistent across the rivers ranging from 1.67-1.90, 2.09-2.49, 2.03-2.38, 2.03-2.37 for employment, TIO, total income and value added, respectively. It was important to acknowledge disadvantages in terms of traffic, pollution, crowding and river bank erosion. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - English, DBK AU - Bowker, J M AD - USDA Forest Service, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1319 EP - 1328 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - State KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13633003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Economic+impacts+of+guided+whitewater+rafting%3A+a+study+of+five+rivers&rft.au=English%2C+DBK%3BBowker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=DBK&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of instantaneous equilibrium and equilibrium-kinetic sorption models for simulating simultaneous leaching and runoff of pesticides AN - 13631546; 199703182 AB - Leachate and runoff results from 4 boxes treated with pesticides and bromide tracer were compared with the simulated results from a root zone water quality model (RZWQM). Air dried loamy sand was packed to a density of 1700 kg per m3 in the stainless steel boxes 1.0 m long by 0.5 m wide by 0.1 m deep. Fenamiphos was mixed into the top 70 mm of all boxes, atrazine was applied to the surface of all boxes and potassium bromide was surface applied to 2 of the boxes. After 24 hours, water was applied by sprinkler at the rate of 100 mm over 2 hours. Two submodels of RZWQM, were used to simulate pesticide sorption and runoff was simulated with a non-uniform mixing model. Model parameter values used measured variables and other data from the literature. The equilibrium kinetic (EK) sorption model gave better results for pesticide leaching and atrazine runoff than the instantaneous equilibrium (IE) sorption model. The IE model underestimated pesticide leaching and overestimated atrazine runoff. The EK model gave better results for soil that was initially dry and under fast and transient flow conditions. There are 34 references. JF - Soil Science AU - Ma, Q L AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Benjamin, J G AU - Burgoa, B AD - USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 646 EP - 655 VL - 161 IS - 10 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Potassium bromide KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13631546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+instantaneous+equilibrium+and+equilibrium-kinetic+sorption+models+for+simulating+simultaneous+leaching+and+runoff+of+pesticides&rft.au=Ma%2C+Q+L%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BBenjamin%2C+J+G%3BBurgoa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three methods to obtain the apparent dielectric constant from time domain reflectometry wave traces AN - 13631353; 199701550 AB - Time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements were obtained in 2 field soils of contrasting textures using a balanced probe with three 10-cm long rods as waveguides. Soil cores were also removed from an area surrounding the probe insertion site for moisture analysis. Wave traces were recorded by a cable tester and transferred to computer. The apparent dielectric constant (K) was computed by a manual method and a derivative-based computer algorithm. A third method was based on a multiple reflection technique to predict an ideal TDR trace for a composite transmission line using electromagnetic parameters of each section of the line. A model of inertia was included in the third method to approximate the rise time of the cable tester. Calibration with K obtained from the derivative-based algorithm had the smallest standard error for both soils, while the manual method was better than the wave simulation method. The intercepts and slopes of the calibration equations for the manual and derivative methods were similar for both soils. The methods are explained in detail. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Timlin, D J AU - Pachepsky, YA AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 970 EP - 977 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Time domain reflectometry KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13631353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ultrastructural+changes+in+the+intestine+of+rats+fed+high-zinc+diets&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BNewman%2C+SM+Jr&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER -