TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-phase extraction method for the quantitative analysis of organochlorine pesticides in wildlife urine. AN - 79280095; 9293028 AB - A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of nine organochlorine pesticides in wildlife urine is described. Reversed-phase solid-phase extraction is utilized to extract the organochlorine pesticides from urine. The pesticides are recovered by elution with hexane-ethyl ether (1:1) and quantified by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Method detection limits range from 1.4 to 2.7 micrograms/L. Mean recoveries for all pesticides are 90.6%. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Petty, E E AU - Johnston, J J AU - Volz, S A AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC/National Wildlife Research Center, Analytical Chemistry Section, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 430 EP - 434 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Dogs KW - Carnivora -- urine KW - Quality Control KW - Animals, Wild -- urine KW - Pesticide Residues -- urine KW - Insecticides -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79280095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Solid-phase+extraction+method+for+the+quantitative+analysis+of+organochlorine+pesticides+in+wildlife+urine.&rft.au=Petty%2C+E+E%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BVolz%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Petty&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidant injury in PC12 cells--a possible model of calcium "dysregulation" in aging: I. Selectivity of protection against oxidative stress. AN - 79251597; 9282950 AB - Previous research has suggested that the initial effects of cellular free radical neurotoxic insult involve large increases in intracellular Ca2+. However, the exact role of oxidative stress on the various parameters involved in these increases has not been specified. The present experiments were performed to examine these parameters in PC12 cells exposed to 5, 25, or 300 microM H2O2 for 30 min in growth medium alone or containing either nifedipine (L-type Ca2+ antagonist), conotoxin (N-type antagonist), Trolox (vitamin E analogue), or alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone (nitrone trapping agent; PBN). The concentrations of H2O2 were chosen by examining the degree of cell killing induced by exposure to graded concentrations of H2O2. The 5 and 25 microM concentrations of H2O2 produced no significant cell killing at either 30 min or 24 h after treatment, whereas the 300 microM concentration produced a moderate degree of cell killing that did not increase between the two times. Fluorescent imaging was used to visualize intracellular Ca2+ changes in fura-2-loaded cells. Baseline (pre-30 mM KCl) Ca2+ levels were increased significantly by H2O2 treatment (e.g., 300 microM, 200%), but the rise in the level of free intracellular Ca2+ after KCl stimulation (i.e., peak) was decreased (e.g., 300 microM, 50%) and the cell's ability to sequester or extrude the excess Ca2+ (i.e., Ca2+ recovery time) after depolarization was decreased significantly. All compounds prevented baseline Ca2+ increases and, with the exception of conotoxin, antagonized the peak decreases in Ca2+. It is interesting that after 300 microM H2O2 exposure, only Trolox was partially effective in preventing these deficits in recovery. Conotoxin increased the decrement recovery in the absence of H2O2. However, in cells exposed to 5 or 25 microM H2O2, conotoxin as well as the other agents were effective in preventing the deficits in recovery. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - Joseph, J A AU - Strain, J G AU - Jimenez, N D AU - Fisher, D AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, U.S.A. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1252 EP - 1258 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Chromans KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Nifedipine KW - I9ZF7L6G2L KW - 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid KW - S18UL9710X KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nifedipine -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Chromans -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Models, Neurological KW - Time Factors KW - PC12 Cells KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79251597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Oxidant+injury+in+PC12+cells--a+possible+model+of+calcium+%22dysregulation%22+in+aging%3A+I.+Selectivity+of+protection+against+oxidative+stress.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BStrain%2C+J+G%3BJimenez%2C+N+D%3BFisher%2C+D&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a superactivated charcoal on the toxic effects of aflatoxin or T-2 toxin in growing broilers. AN - 79249499; 9276881 AB - To evaluate the effectiveness of a superactivated charcoal (SAC) in alleviating mycotoxicosis, two experiments were conducted in which 432 male broiler chicks (216 per experiment) were fed diets containing 4 mg aflatoxin (AF) or 6 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet, with and without 0.5% SAC, from 1 to 21 d of age. Feeding AF and T-2 toxin significantly decreased BW gain over the 21-d experimental period. Inclusion of SAC in the diet containing AF resulted in BW gains that were intermediate between gains of chicks fed AF and those of controls. No benefits were seen in BW gain when SAC + T-2 toxin was fed. Feeding AF increased relative weights of liver, spleen, and kidney; however, only liver weight in Experiment 1 was similar to controls when SAC was included. Of the blood parameters altered by AF (decreased cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and increased mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit in Experiment 1; decreased albumin and total protein, and increased creatine kinase in Experiment 2) only urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and inorganic phosphorus (Experiment 1) and hematocrit (Experiment 2) were comparable to controls when SAC was included in the diet. Feeding T-2 toxin decreased serum cholesterol, total protein, urea nitrogen, and mean corpuscular volume; however, only cholesterol and mean corpuscular volume were improved with the addition of SAC (Experiment 1). Oral lesions were observed in birds fed T-2 toxin with no difference in severity when SAC was added in Experiment 1, however in Experiment 2, birds fed SAC + T-2 had a significantly lower lesion scores than those fed T-2 alone. Mortality was noted in both experiments but was not influenced by SAC treatment. These findings suggest that the addition of dietary SAC is marginally effective in alleviating some of the toxic affects associated with AF, but was of little benefit when T-2 toxin was fed to growing broiler chicks. JF - Poultry science AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1205 EP - 1211 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Charcoal KW - 16291-96-6 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Creatine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.3.2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Spleen -- anatomy & histology KW - Administration, Oral KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Mouth Diseases -- pathology KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mouth Diseases -- veterinary KW - Mouth Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - Creatine Kinase -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - Incidence KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Charcoal -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - T-2 Toxin -- administration & dosage KW - Charcoal -- therapeutic use KW - Mycotoxicosis -- etiology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - T-2 Toxin -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79249499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+superactivated+charcoal+on+the+toxic+effects+of+aflatoxin+or+T-2+toxin+in+growing+broilers.&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidant injury in PC12 cells--a possible model of calcium "dysregulation" in aging: II. Interactions with membrane lipids. AN - 79248922; 9282951 AB - In a model recently developed to study the parameters altering vulnerability to oxidative stress, it was shown via image analysis that H2O2-exposed PC12 cells exhibited increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ (baseline), decreases in K+-stimulated Ca2+ levels (peak), and decreased poststimulation Ca2+ clearance (recovery). The present experiments were performed to determine if the response patterns in these parameters to oxidative stress would be altered after modification of membrane lipid composition induced by incubating the PC12 cells with 660 microM cholesterol (CHL) in the presence or absence of 500 microM sphingomyelin (SPH) before low (5 microM) or high (300 microM) H2O2 exposure. Neither CHL nor SPH had synergistic effects with high concentrations of H2O2 on baseline. However, CHL in the presence or absence of SPH reversed the effect of low concentrations of H2O2 on baseline. SPH decreased significantly the cell's ability to clear excess Ca2+ in the presence or absence of H2O2 and increased significantly the level of conjugated dienes (CDs). It is surprising that in the cells pretreated with CHL, the CD levels were not significantly different from controls. However, in the presence of SPH, the effects of CHL on CDs were altered. These results suggest that the ratios of membrane lipids could be of critical importance in determining the vulnerability to oxidative stress and Ca2+ translocation in membranes. This may be of critical importance in aging where there is increased membrane SPH and significant loss of calcium homeostasis. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - Denisova, N A AU - Strain, J G AU - Joseph, J A AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, U.S.A. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1259 EP - 1266 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - Membrane Lipids KW - 0 KW - Phospholipids KW - Sphingomyelins KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Sphingomyelins -- metabolism KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sphingomyelins -- pharmacology KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Cholesterol -- pharmacology KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Models, Neurological KW - Homeostasis KW - PC12 Cells KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Membrane Lipids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79248922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Oxidant+injury+in+PC12+cells--a+possible+model+of+calcium+%22dysregulation%22+in+aging%3A+II.+Interactions+with+membrane+lipids.&rft.au=Denisova%2C+N+A%3BStrain%2C+J+G%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Denisova&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and T-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol in broiler chicks. AN - 79244477; 9276886 AB - The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1), and 5 mg T-2 toxin (T-2)/kg of diet, or 15 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) from naturally contaminated wheat were evaluated in two studies in male broiler chicks from day of hatch to 19 or 21 d of age in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. When compared with controls, body weight gains were reduced 18 to 20% by FB1, 18% by T-2, 2% by DON, 32% by the FB1 and T-2 combination, and 19% by the FB1 and DON combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Mortality ranged from none for the controls to 15% for the FB1 and T-2 combination. Relative weights of the liver and kidney were significantly increased by FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Serum concentrations of cholesterol were increased in chicks fed FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were increased in chicks fed FB1 at 300 mg/kg alone and in combination with T-2 or DON, indicating possible tissue damage and leakage of the enzymes into the blood. Results indicate additive toxicity when chicks were fed diets containing 300 mg FB1 and 5 mg T-2/kg of diet and less than additive toxicity when chicks were fed 300 mg FB1 and 15 mg DON/kg of diet. Of importance to the poultry industry is the fact that toxic synergy was not observed for either of these toxin combinations and the likelihood of encountering FB1 at this concentration in finished feed is small. However, under field conditions with additional stress factors, the toxicity of these mycotoxins could be altered to adversely affect the health and performance of poultry. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Edrington, T S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Buckley, S A AU - Phillips, T D AU - Rottinghaus, G E AU - Casper, H H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1239 EP - 1247 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Drug Combinations KW - Fumonisins KW - Serum Albumin KW - Trichothecenes KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Gizzard, Avian -- anatomy & histology KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Organ Size KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Male KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- pharmacology KW - Fusarium -- isolation & purification KW - T-2 Toxin -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- adverse effects KW - Triticum -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - T-2 Toxin -- pharmacology KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - T-2 Toxin -- adverse effects KW - Trichothecenes -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79244477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+fumonisin+B1+present+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+and+T-2+toxin+or+deoxynivalenol+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E%3BCasper%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of atrazine positive and false positive immunoassay detections in ground water. AN - 79225483; 9269082 AB - False positive responses on an atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) immunoassay kit were investigated to explain possible causes for these occurrences. Ground water samples were evaluated with the immunoassay kit and positive responses (> 0.20 microgram L-1) were confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Non-confirming samples (false positives) were analyzed for seven additional compounds on GC. Resulting GC/MS and GC analyses showed that 70% of the false positives could be attributed to two compounds. Prometon (6-methoxy-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was responsible for the majority (64%) of the false positive responses The atrazine metabolite, deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), was responsible for the other 6% of the false positives measured. Unattributed false positives (30%) were probably due to an overestimation of pesticide concentrations in the kit's lower detection range. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Watts, D W AU - Novak, J M AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 659 EP - 671 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79225483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+atrazine+positive+and+false+positive+immunoassay+detections+in+ground+water.&rft.au=Watts%2C+D+W%3BNovak%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Woody and herbaceous competition effects on the growth of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines through 11 years AN - 755140501; 13669922 AB - Four levels of vegetative competition were used to quantify the growth of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in naturally regenerated, even-aged stands on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas, USA. Treatments included: (1) no competition control, (2) woody competition control, (3) herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. After pines became established from natural seeding, herbicides were used to control herbaceous plants for 4 consecutive years and woody plants for 5 consecutive years. Even though 89% of crop pines on untreated check plots were free-to-grow 11 years after establishment, crop pines on vegetation control plots were larger (P<0.001) in mean dbh, total height, and volume per tree. From age 5 through 11 years, crop pine diameter growth increased on woody control plots and decreased on herbaceous control plots because of hardwood competition in the latter treatment. At age 11, crop pine volume production averaged 207 m super(3)/ha on total control plots, 158 m super(3)/ha on herbaceous control plots, 130 m super(3)/ha on woody control plots, and 102 m super(3)/ha on untreated check plots. JF - New Forests AU - Cain, Michael D AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR, 71656-3516, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 107 EP - 125 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Growth rate KW - Growth KW - Pinus taeda KW - Forests KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Herbicides KW - USA, Southeast KW - Q5 01501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755140501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=Woody+and+herbaceous+competition+effects+on+the+growth+of+naturally+regenerated+loblolly+and+shortleaf+pines+through+11+years&rft.au=Cain%2C+Michael+D&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006512721318 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Growth; Forests; Herbicides; Pinus taeda; USA, Arkansas; USA, Southeast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006512721318 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of Stagonospora nodorum isolates from perennial grass hosts after passage through wheat AN - 17131633; 4432627 AB - Eleven isolates of Stagonospora nodorum from smooth brome, western wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, Altai wildrye, basin wildrye, and an Agropyron cross were passed through wheat five times using detached leaf inoculations. Lesion length, which was used as a measure of adaptation and aggressiveness, did not increase after passage through wheat. When the wheat-isolate check was removed from the analyses, the cultivar x isolate interactions were nonsignificant, indicating a lack of specificity among the original isolates and isolates passed through wheat. Inoculation of wheat seedlings in a glasshouse confirmed the results obtained with the detached leaf inoculations. These isolates showed no progressive adaptation to wheat and no significant change in their aggressiveness. This indicates that since most isolates from perennial grass hosts produce small lesions on wheat and do not easily adapt to wheat, they apparently would not cause severe symptoms on wheat. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Northern Great Plains Res. Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1037 EP - 1041 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - lesions KW - passage KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Stability+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+from+perennial+grass+hosts+after+passage+through+wheat&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggressiveness of Stagonospora nodorum isolates obtained from wheat in the northern Great Plains AN - 17102169; 4401346 AB - Isolates of Stagonospora nodorum, obtained from diseased wheat leaves collected in fields in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, were tested on detached seedling leaves of wheat and found to be pathogenic. Differences among isolates chosen at random were detected in the first phase of the inoculations. Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity, as measured by lesion size, were selected in phase two. Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity were statistically differentiated in phase three. The ability of isolates to cause significant differences in symptom severity was interpreted as differences in aggressiveness. The differences among isolates detected with detached leaf experiments was confirmed with glasshouse inoculations of seedling wheat plants. The high aggressive isolates consistently produced higher symptom severity on wheat seedlings, as measured by percentage necrosis, than low aggressive isolates. Cultivars were consistently differentiated with isolates associated with different levels of aggressiveness. With unselected isolates, the cultivar x isolate interaction was nonsignificant, indicating a lack of specificity. With high and low aggressive isolates, the cultivar x isolate interaction was significant. Considering that the magnitude of the mean squares for interactions were rather low compared to the main effects, it is speculated either that specificity is detected with the present isolates but only at a low level, or that specificity is apparent only when isolate extremes are tested. With studying isolates in phases rather than random comparisons, fungal isolates associated the high and low aggressiveness can be identified and, once identified, isolates from different hosts or geographical areas can be compared in an efficient and meaningful manner. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1027 EP - 1031 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - leaves KW - lesions KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aggressiveness+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+obtained+from+wheat+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggressiveness of Stagonospora nodorum isolates from perennial grasses on wheat AN - 17099648; 4401347 AB - Isolates of Stagonospora nodorum from 13 perennial grasses were tested on detached wheat leaves. Grass isolates that were consistently associated with large or small lesions were statistically differentiated. Some grass isolates were detected that were associated with large lesions on wheat (high symptom severity), but most isolates produced small lesions (mild level of symptom severity). The ability of grass isolates to cause significant differences in symptom severity, as measured by lesion length, was interpreted as differences in aggressiveness. Grass isolates that were associated with high symptom severity were found to be similar to selected wheat isolates in their level of aggressiveness. Results were confirmed with inoculations of seedling wheat plants in the glasshouse. Wheat cultivars were statistically differentiated from one another with all types of isolates. The cultivar X isolate interactions were, generally, not significant with unselected isolates, indicating a low possibility of specificity. In contrast, when isolates associated with large and small lesions were compared, the cultivar X isolate interaction was significant in most experiments, but the magnitude of the mean square for the interaction was low compared to the mean squares of the main effects. The ability of S. nodorum to infect perennial grasses would improve the likelihood of survival of this fungus between wheat crops. Because most isolates are not associated with severe symptom severity, their potential effect on wheat is probably less than would be expected considering the potential number of isolates available from the grasses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1032 EP - 1036 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - grasses KW - lesions KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17099648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aggressiveness+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+from+perennial+grasses+on+wheat&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of photoperiod on tuber production in various races of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) AN - 16539697; 4409906 AB - The potential for asexual reproduction through production of tubers was evaluated in various races of an International Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] germplasm collection. Interrace comparisons were made under both shortday and longday photoperiods in environmental growth chambers. All the races evaluated produced rates varying from 91-7182 tubers per sq m of production under shortday conditions. Tuber production occurred under longday photoperiods in several races. Under proper temperature conditions, all the monoecious races currently established in the U.S. appear capable of tuber production throughout the year. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Steward, K K AD - USDA/ARS Aquatic Plant Management Laboratory Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 57 EP - 42 VL - 354 IS - 1-3 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - aquatic plants KW - asexual reproduction KW - hydrilla KW - photoperiods KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Photoperiods KW - Population characteristics KW - Temperature KW - Aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - Population dynamics KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Aquatic weeds KW - Asexual reproduction KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Influence+of+photoperiod+on+tuber+production+in+various+races+of+hydrilla+%28Hydrilla+verticillata%29&rft.au=Steward%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Steward&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asexual reproduction; Aquatic weeds; Population characteristics; Photoperiods; Aquatic plants; Temperature; Population dynamics; Freshwater weeds; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of RT-PCR for indexing avocado sunblotch viroid AN - 16531595; 4389461 AB - A method for the routine detection of avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) in nucleic acid extracts of infected avocado tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed using ASBVd-specific primers. Amplified cDNA products were analyzed by electrophoresis on nondenaturing 6% polyacrylamide slab gels. The size of the major RT-PCR product from ASBVd-infected tissue was estimated to be 250 bp. This product was absent from amplified extracts of uninfected tissue. The amplification product from ASBVd was sequenced by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method, and the sequence was over 97% identical to the published sequence. The RT-PCR assay is sensitive enough to allow viroid detection without requiring large amounts of tissue, highly purified ASBVd, or molecular hybridization. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schnell, R J AU - Kuhn, D N AU - Ronning, C M AU - Harkins, D AD - USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1023 EP - 1026 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - viroids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16531595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Application+of+RT-PCR+for+indexing+avocado+sunblotch+viroid&rft.au=Schnell%2C+R+J%3BKuhn%2C+D+N%3BRonning%2C+C+M%3BHarkins%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schnell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ethanol concentration and stripping temperature on continuous fermentation rate AN - 16520828; 4327805 AB - The operation of a pilot plant consisting of a 14-1 fermentor, 10-cm packed column and condenser for continuous fermentation and stripping of ethanol was stable for more than 100 days. The feed consisted of a non-sterile solution of 560 g/l glucose with 100 g/l corn steep water. Fouling of the packing in the column with attached growth of yeast cells was controlled by in situ washing at intervals of 3-6 days. A computer simulation of the pilot plant was developed and used to analyze the data. The productivity of the continuous fermentor varied from 14 g ethanol to 17 g ethanol l super(-1) h super(-1). The yield was equal to the maximum theoretically possible: 0.51 g ethanol/g glucose consumed. Results are fit to linear models for the effects of ethanol concentration on specific growth rate and cell yield, and for the effect of stripping temperature on specific growth rate. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Taylor, F AU - Kurantz, MJ AU - Goldberg, N AU - Craig, JC Jr AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 311 EP - 316 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - continuous culture KW - ethanol KW - fermentation KW - temperature KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16520828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ethanol+concentration+and+stripping+temperature+on+continuous+fermentation+rate&rft.au=Taylor%2C+F%3BKurantz%2C+MJ%3BGoldberg%2C+N%3BCraig%2C+JC+Jr&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of bialaphos and phosphinothricin on plant regeneration from long- and short-term callus cultures of Gladiolus AN - 16471498; 4414030 AB - Callus was initiated from in vitro-grown plants of Gladiolus cultivars `Jenny Lee' and `Florida Flame.' The age of callus used for regeneration of plants was either 9 mo. old or 8 yr old from `Jenny Lee,' and 4 mo. old from `Florida Flame.' Regeneration medium consisted of Murashige and Skoog's basal salts medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l (9.3 mu M) kinetin. This medium was supplemented with various concentrations of either bialaphos (Meiji Seika, Tokyo, Japan) or phosphinothricin (Hoechst-Roussell, Frankfurt, Germany). Bialaphos was more effective than phosphinothricin at stimulating plant regeneration. Plants regenerated from 8-yr-old callus of `Jenny Lee' only when the regeneration medium was supplemented with 0.10 mg/l bialaphos. A bialaphos concentration of 0.01 mg/l stimulated regeneration from 9-mo.-old callus of cultivar `Jenny Lee' and 4-mo.-old callus of `Florida Flame.'. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Kamo, K AU - Van Eck, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture National Arboretum, Agricultural Research Service, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, B-010A, Room 238 BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 180 EP - 183 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - bialaphos KW - callus culture KW - phosphinothricin KW - regeneration KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16471498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Effect+of+bialaphos+and+phosphinothricin+on+plant+regeneration+from+long-+and+short-term+callus+cultures+of+Gladiolus&rft.au=Kamo%2C+K%3BVan+Eck%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kamo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of minimal bactericidal and effective antibiotic treatment concentrations for bacterial contaminants from micropropagated strawberries AN - 16466514; 4414039 AB - Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined for 16 bacterial strains isolated from strawberry runners. Bacteria were treated with single antibiotics: Timentin, streptomycin sulfate, gentamicin, and dihydrostreptomycin; and with combinations of two or three antibiotics: Timentin, streptomycin sulfate, and gentamicin. Combinations of the three antibiotics (12) were effective with all bacteria tested and were then used to treat contaminated plantlets. Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv. Jucunda inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria or Pseudomonas corrugata were grown for 1 wk, then treated with combinations of Timentin, streptomycin, and gentamicin. Antibiotic treatments were 100% effective in eliminating P. corrugata from `Jucunda,' but only 23% of the plants inoculated with X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were freed of the bacteria. Phytotoxicity was observed only at high antibiotic concentrations. Detection of bacteria from treated plants was most effective after one subculture, as antibiotics continued to inhibit bacterial growth on detection medium immediately after treatment. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Tanprasert, P AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 227 EP - 230 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - antibiotics KW - contaminants KW - micro propagation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16466514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Determination+of+minimal+bactericidal+and+effective+antibiotic+treatment+concentrations+for+bacterial+contaminants+from+micropropagated+strawberries&rft.au=Tanprasert%2C+P%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Tanprasert&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoextraction of cadmium and zinc from a contaminated soil AN - 16422913; 4320945 AB - To identify populations with the ability to accumulate heavy metals, approximately 300 accessions pertaining to 30 plant species were grown for 4 wk in hydroponic media that approximated the nutrient and heavy metal composition of a soil contaminated with moderate levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). The results indicated that several Brassica spp. exhibited moderately enhanced Zn and Cd accumulation. Selected accessions of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, B. napus L., and B. rapa L. were then grown in pots with heavy metal-contaminated soil to compare the Zn and Cd phytoextraction by these species to that of Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl, a known Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator, and two grass species, Agrostis capillaris L. and Festuca rubra L. The three Brassica spp. were the most effective in removing Zn from the contaminated soil, primarily because they produced more than 10 times the shoot biomass produced by T. caerulescens. When the soil was amended with Gro-Power, a commercial soil amendment that improves soil structure and fertility, removal of Zn by plant shoots doubled to more than 30 000 mg Zn pot super(-1) (4.5 kg). The results suggest that for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils to be successful, a strategy should be considered that combines rapid screening of plant species possessing the ability to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals with agronomic practices that enhance shoot biomass production and/or increase metal bioavailability in the rhizosphere. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Lasat, M M AU - Brady, D J AU - Cornish, J AU - Gordon, R AU - Kochian, LV AD - U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1424 EP - 1430 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phytoextraction+of+cadmium+and+zinc+from+a+contaminated+soil&rft.au=Ebbs%2C+S+D%3BLasat%2C+M+M%3BBrady%2C+D+J%3BCornish%2C+J%3BGordon%2C+R%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Ebbs&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of epiphyte removal efficiency from submersed aquatic plants AN - 16361517; 4259015 AB - Three independent methods were used to quantify the efficiency of a mechanical agitation technique for the removal of epiphytes from four submersed macrophyte species. Time course samples were collected for epiphytic chlorophyll, dry weight, and algal and diatom cell counts following cumulative agitation periods of 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s. Statistically identical removal efficiencies were found for all macrophyte host species. Mean removal time for over 88% removal efficiency was 40 plus or minus 6 s. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Zimba, P V AU - Hopson AD - USDA-ARS, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 173 EP - 179 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - methodology KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophyll KW - Statistical analysis KW - Diatoms KW - Substrate preferences KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Submergence KW - Algae KW - Aquatic plants KW - Cleaning KW - Methodology KW - Macrophytes KW - Epiphytes KW - K 03068:Algae KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16361517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+epiphyte+removal+efficiency+from+submersed+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BHopson&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophytes; Interspecific relationships; Substrate preferences; Statistical analysis; Aquatic plants; Diatoms; Submergence; Epiphytes; Methodology; Cleaning; Algae; Chlorophyll ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of a sucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides AN - 16329261; 4264980 AB - A sucrase gene from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The cloned enzyme did not show dextransucrase or sucrose phosphorylase activity. HPLC and GC-MS analyses of the sucrase products indicated the presence of fructose and glucose in equimolar amounts. IPTG induction did not increase sucrase activity in E. coli indicating that the cloned gene may be transcribed from its own promoter. To our knowledge, this is the first sucrase cloned from L. mesenteroides that has invertase activity. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Holt, S M AU - Cote, G L AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61601, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 903 EP - 907 VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - cloning KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16329261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+sucrase+from+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides&rft.au=Holt%2C+S+M%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow cytometric analysis of conidia of fungi isolated from soybean vascular tissue AN - 16327607; 4264746 AB - Flow cytometry was used to characterize isolates of Phalophora gregata using the fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide-stained conidia. The isolates differed in their mean fluorescence intensity, ranging from 100.0 to 129.7 arbitrary units (AU). When the number of fluorescent events was plotted against intensity of fluorescence, a single peak was observed. Fluorescent patterns of Acremonium isolates from soybean vascular tissue were compared with those of P. gregata. Their mean fluorescence intensity ranged from 76.4 to 88.0 AU. With some of these isolates, multiple peak histograms were observed, corresponding to multiple spore sizes as well as single and double nucleated conidia. Using flow cytometry, we were able to distinguish P. gregata isolates from those of Acremonium, based on mean fluorescence intensity and/or the presence of multiple peaks. Flow cytometric analysis of propidium-iodide stained conidia of Phialophora isolates should prove to be useful for determining the relative DNA content of different isolates collected from different geographic areas. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Gourmet, C AU - Gray, LE AU - Rayburn, AL AD - USDA/ARS, 238 EASB, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 405 EP - 408 VL - 145 IS - 8-9 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - conidia KW - flow cytometry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16327607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Flow+cytometric+analysis+of+conidia+of+fungi+isolated+from+soybean+vascular+tissue&rft.au=Gourmet%2C+C%3BGray%2C+LE%3BRayburn%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Gourmet&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control and plant diseases - A new paradigm AN - 16321205; 4254421 AB - Words are the symbols with which we think. Therefore, our thoughts are profoundly influenced by how we define our words. The definitions that we give words constitute 'mini-paradigms' which encapsulate ideas. These 'mini-paradigms' if precisely defined can facilitate concise thinking. If poorly defined, our understanding becomes muddled. A variety of definitions have been presented for 'biological control' in plant pathology. Earlier definitions took their roots in entomology where the emphasis in biological control is on the use of predaceous or parasitic organisms. More recent definitions of biological control of plant diseases have emphasized the use of biological processes and products, as well as organisms as biological control agents. Initially, plant pathologists adopted the entomologist's classical definition of biological control which involves, 'the actions of parasites, predators, and pathogens in maintaining another organism's density at a lower average that would occur in their absence.' This narrow 'one on one' (organism vs organism) definition of biological control limits us from thinking of 'biological control systems' which would include interactions of biocontrol agents with the pest, environment, and disease process. In an attempt to broaden the biological control concept for entomology, Barbosa and Braxton have expanded the definition of biological control to include 'Parabiological Control' as a manipulation of the pest or the pest's resources to favor control of a pest. A fundamental difference exists between the objects to be controlled by entomologists and plant pathologists. Entomologists are targeting primarily an organism (the insect), while plant pathologists are targeting a process (the disease), as well as the organism (pathogen). Strategies for controlling the disease process (therapy) can differ from those used to control the pathogen. Gabriel and Cook have proposed that the many methods of pest and disease control be divided simply into biological, physical, and chemical. They include the use of natural or modified organisms, genes, or gene products (delivered by organisms) in their definition. A distinction is made between chemicals 'delivered' by living organisms and chemicals 'extracted' from living organisms, the former being biological control and the latter being chemical control according to their view. Definitions are both inclusive and exclusive. The clarity with which distinctions are made between that which is included and that which is excluded is the key to a good definition. Also, the inclusiveness and exclusivity of a definition affects relationships among the components of a definition and the subsequent evolution of scientific thought. For example, if genetic resistance is not considered biological control, scientists and concepts in biological control and genetic resistance will evolve independently. As we gain deeper insight into biological control systems for plant diseases, it becomes apparent that a broader definition of biological control is required to encompass the complex interactions that occur. In our studies of yeast antagonists that control postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables, we have discovered that the mode of action is mediated both by the antagonist and the host. In the classical sense certain antagonistic yeasts attach to the pathogen and degrade their cell walls. They also compete at the wound site with the pathogen for space and nutrients. It has also been found that yeasts antagonistic to postharvest pathogens can 'turn on' host defense reactions to disease, such as defensive enzymes and anatomical barriers. In order for a definition of biological control to include these phenomena, it would have to include the host response to disease, as well as the 'one on one' interaction of the antagonist and pathogen. I would like to present a definition of biological control of plant diseases that is more inclusive than previous definitions. My purpose in doing this is to create a paradigm which does not exclude all the elements which are involved in naturally occurring biological control systems. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Wilson, CL AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneyville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 158 EP - 159 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - plant diseases KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biological+control+and+plant+diseases+-+A+new+paradigm&rft.au=Wilson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of the mycotoxin fumonisin B sub(1) by a combination of immunofluorescence and capillary electrophoresis AN - 16317369; 4255257 AB - The specificity of antibodies has been combined with the speed and resolving power of capillary electrophoresis for application to the analysis of the mycotoxin fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)). The assay was based upon the competition between unlabeled FB sub(1) (i.e. from a sample) and a fluorescein-labeled FB sub(1) reagent (FB sub(1)-FL). The FB sub(1)-FL was prepared by derivatizing FB sub(1) with fluorescein isothiocyanate and was purified with affinity columns consisting of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against fumonisins (clone P2A5-3-F3) coupled to agarose. The purified FB sub(1)-FL was subjected to capillary zone electrophoresis. Addition of purified MAb to FB sub(1)-FL before separation resulted in the formation of a complex (MAb times FB sub(1)-FL) with resulting quenching of fluorescence and decrease in the intensity of the FB sub(1)-FL peak. When unlabeled FB sub(1) was also added to the reaction mixture the FB sub(1) and FB sub(1)-FL competed for the limited amount of antibody present causing the FB sub(1)-FL peak to increase in direct proportion to the amount of unlabeled FB sub(1) present. Fumonisin standards could be analyzed with this technique with a total analysis time of 6 min, 2 min of which was required for washing the capillary between analyses. The concentration of unlabeled FB sub(1) required to obtain 50% of the maximum fluorescence (IC sub(50)) was highly dependent upon the antibody concentration and ranged from 58 to 4170 ng ml super(-1) at 15-75 mu g ml super(-1) of antibody. The optimum performance was seen with 25-50 mu g ml super(-1) of antibody, with IC sub(50)'s between 500 and 1700 ng ml super(-1) of FB sub(1). The technique was applied to a limited number of corn samples spiked with high levels of FB sub(1) (> 10 ppm). This technology holds considerable promise for the rapid analysis of mycotoxins in foods. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Maragos, C M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 147 EP - 157 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - gel electrophoresis KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - mycotoxins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+the+mycotoxin+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+by+a+combination+of+immunofluorescence+and+capillary+electrophoresis&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial selection strategies that enhance the likelihood of developing commercial biological control products AN - 16314954; 4254415 AB - Research interest in utilizing microorganisms to create a microbial environment suppressive to plant pathogens has increased exponentially in recent years. Despite intense interest in developing biological control agents, relatively few antagonists have achieved 'commercial product' status. The fact that such a small proportion of active laboratory antagonists are developed into biological control products is partly due to several features common to microbial selection strategies that are widely utilized to obtain putative biological control agents: (a) relatively few candidate microorganisms are tested; (b) microbes are selected based on the results of an assay that does not replicate field conditions; and (c) the amenability of microbes to commercial development is excluded as a selection criterion. Selection strategies that enhance the likelihood of developing commercial biological control products are described. These include making appropriate choices regarding the pathosystem for biological control, the method of microbe isolation, and the method of isolate characterization and performance evaluation. A model system of developing a biological control product active against Gibberella pulicaris (Fries) Sacc. (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel), the primary causal agent of Fusarium dry rot of stored potatoes, is used to illustrate the proposed selection strategy concepts. The crucial importance and methodology is described, of selecting strains with enhanced potential for commercial development based on a strain exhibiting both favorable growth kinetics and bioefficacy when grown in commercially feasible liquid media. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Schisler, DA AU - Slininger, P J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 172 EP - 179 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - microorganisms KW - plant diseases KW - reviews KW - selection KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16314954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+selection+strategies+that+enhance+the+likelihood+of+developing+commercial+biological+control+products&rft.au=Schisler%2C+DA%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An alginate prill formulation of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f. sp. erythroxyli for biocontrol of Erythroxylum coca var. coca AN - 16313903; 4251961 AB - A rice alginate prill formulation of isolate EN-4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli, pathogenic to Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca), was evaluated in greenhouse and field studies for its ability to enhance pathogen populations in the soil and cause disease in coca. The formulation was applied to four different soil types in the greenhouse at 33.6 kg ha super(-1). It enhanced the population of EN-4 in each soil and most (> 90%) of the fungal population remained in the upper 5 cm of soil during the 49-day experiment. When applied in field experiments, the formulation enhanced the population of EN-4 in the soil. Isolate EN-4 was present in the upper 7.6 cm of soil 28 days after application at populations similar to those in the greenhouse studies (1 x 10 super(3) to 1 x 10 super(4) colony-forming units (CFUs)/g of soil). Elevated populations of the pathogen (1 x 10 super(2) CFUs/g of soil) were still present in treated soils 229 days after application of the formulation. The areas used for field studies were already infested with the pathogen and typically developed high levels of fusarium wilt within 2 years of planting with coca. The formulated F. oxysporum began having a significant effect on plant death 100-200 days after application based on repeated measures analysis. These data suggest that a formulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli which enhances the incidence of fusarium wilt in coca fields can be produced using established techniques. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Bailey, BA AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Strem, M AU - Darlington, L C AU - Lumsden, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, Room 275, Building 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 423 EP - 435 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - alginate KW - biological control KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=An+alginate+prill+formulation+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+Schlechtend%3AFr.+f.+sp.+erythroxyli+for+biocontrol+of+Erythroxylum+coca+var.+coca&rft.au=Bailey%2C+BA%3BHebbar%2C+K+P%3BStrem%2C+M%3BDarlington%2C+L+C%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically-based alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases AN - 16313309; 4254418 AB - Recently, biological control has been advanced as an alternative to synthetic fungicides and considerable success in laboratory and pilot scale tests has been realized utilizing antagonistic microorganisms to control postharvest diseases. Several antagonistic yeasts and bacteria have been isolated and shown to have a broad spectrum of activity against a number of postharvest pathogens on a variety of fruit. However, for biological control methods to emerge as an economically viable option, their consistency and efficacy in controlling postharvest decay needs to be enhanced to a level comparable to that of synthetic fungicides. This could be possible through an integrated strategy that exploits the additive and synergistic effects of different biological approaches. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - El-Ghaouth, A AD - USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 160 EP - 162 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - post-harvest decay KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biologically-based+alternatives+to+synthetic+fungicides+for+the+control+of+postharvest+diseases&rft.au=El-Ghaouth%2C+A&rft.aulast=El-Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing nutritional conditions for the liquid culture production of effective fungal biological control agents AN - 16312051; 4254420 AB - Spores of fungal pathogens of weeds and insects are unique in their ability to actively infect and kill their pest host. While these capabilities are advantageous in terms of their use as a contact biological control agent, or biopesticide, they also require special consideration during spore production. Directed approaches to medium optimization must consider not only spore yield but also spore qualities such as desiccation tolerance, stability as a dry preparation, and biocontrol efficacy. Nutritional conditions during culture growth and sporulation should direct the accumulation of appropriate endogenous reserves so that newly formed spores possess these advantageous qualities. Studies with the bioherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum truncatum and with the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus have demonstrated the impact of nutrition on spore 'fitness' for use as a biological control agent. The optimization strategy used in these nutritional studies as well as a comparison of the results are presented. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Jackson, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 180 EP - 187 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - liquid culture KW - nutrient status KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16312051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Optimizing+nutritional+conditions+for+the+liquid+culture+production+of+effective+fungal+biological+control+agents&rft.au=Jackson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial deletion of transposon Tn4560 integrated into the genome of Streptomyces tendae AN - 16310598; 4254965 AB - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing experiments were done to determine whether all of Tn4560, a Streptomyces transposon, integrated into the genomes of three nikkomycin nonproducing mutants. A deletion of 279 bases occurred at one end of Tn4560 while present in the genome of one of the mutants. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Engel, P AU - Lax, A R AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 225 EP - 228 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - DNA KW - deletion KW - hybridization analysis KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - transposon Tn4560 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Partial+deletion+of+transposon+Tn4560+integrated+into+the+genome+of+Streptomyces+tendae&rft.au=Engel%2C+P%3BLax%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine sorption at the field scale in relation to soils and landscape position AN - 16289020; 4299765 AB - Understanding the spatial variation of herbicide sorption in soils is important in determining the potential for leaching at the field scale. Our objectives were to determine the spatial variability of atrazine sorption (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) at the field scale and to relate sorption partition coefficients (K sub(d)) to landscape position and soil survey map units. Atrazine sorption was measured on 241 surface samples from a 6.25-ha field using batch-equilibration methods. Field-scale variability in atrazine sorption coefficients was described using spherical semivariograms. Less than 20% of the total semivariance in atrazine K sub(d) values was found at lag distances < 10 m, indicating there was relatively little variability at this scale. Multiple regression analyses using pooled data revealed that atrazine sorption was influenced by soil organic C, pH and, to a lesser extent, soil clay. We also evaluated the relationship of atrazine sorption to landscape position and soil series. Less atrazine was sorbed by soils from upland shoulder slopes than by soil in level and depressional areas (potholes). Soils from foot slope and back slope lundscape positions were intermediate in atrazine sorption. The magnitude of atrazine sorption by soils in different landscape positions was also related to variations in soil organic C content, pH, and clay content. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Novak, J M AU - Moorman, T B AU - Cambardella, CA AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1271 EP - 1277 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Atrazine+sorption+at+the+field+scale+in+relation+to+soils+and+landscape+position&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BCambardella%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation and bark beetle dynamics AN - 16268358; 4267942 AB - Bark beetle populations may undergo dramatic fluctuations and are often important pests in coniferous forests. Their dynamics are thought to be primarily driven by factors affecting the resistance of the host tree to attack, i.e., bottom-up forces, while natural enemies are usually assigned a minor role in these systems. I present behavioral experiments that suggest that the clerid beetle Thanasimus dubius may be an important source of mortality for the bark beetle Dendroctonus frontalis during attack of the host tree, and determine the nature of the functional response of T. dubius under conditions close to natural. I also examine the numerical response of T. dubius to large-scale fluctuations in D. frontalis density, and the relationship between bark beetle population trends and predator density, and find that beetle populations tend to decline when predator densities are high. Combined with the effects of clerid larvae on bark beetle broods, these results suggest that top-down forces generated by natural enemies could also be an important component of bark beetle dynamics. The implications of these results for bark beetle dynamics are discussed in relation to the prolonged life-cycle of clerid beetles. JF - Oecologia AU - Reeve, J D AD - Southern Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 48 EP - 54 VL - 112 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Checkered beetles KW - Engraver beetles KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - population dynamics KW - predation KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16268358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Predation+and+bark+beetle+dynamics&rft.au=Reeve%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential sampling for adult coccinellids in wheat AN - 16249582; 4239036 AB - Adult aphidophagous coccinellids are important predators of cereal aphids in wheat in the Great Plains of the United States for which sampling methods are needed to facilitate improved management. An equation relating the mean number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) in a wheat field to its variance was obtained using Taylor's power law. A sequential sampling procedure was developed to estimate the number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) with constant average statistical precision (standard error/mean). The procedure was constructed by an equation relating the number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) to the number of adult coccinellids per minute of counting incorporating into the Taylor's power law relationship. The procedure involves conducting a series of 1-min counts while walking through a field at a constant velocity of 10 m per minute. After each 1-min count sequential sampling stop-lines are consulted to determine if the specified level of precision has been achieved. Two methods, a statistical procedure and comparison with independent data, were used to assess the consistency with which the specified level of precision was achieved by the procedure. Results indicated that observed precision was close to that specified by the user over a wide range of adult coccinellid density. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Elliot, N C AU - Michels, GJ Jr AU - Kieckhefer, R W AU - French, B W AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Sci. Res. Lab., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 267 EP - 273 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - USA KW - adults KW - sampling KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Sequential+sampling+for+adult+coccinellids+in+wheat&rft.au=Elliot%2C+N+C%3BMichels%2C+GJ+Jr%3BKieckhefer%2C+R+W%3BFrench%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stopping erosion with gypsum and PAM AN - 16249456; 4239376 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 Soil Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 18 EP - 20 VL - 45 IS - 9 KW - PAM KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Stopping+erosion+with+gypsum+and+PAM&rft.au=Norton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal distributions of parasitoids of Mexican Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) within the canopies of fruit trees AN - 16232990; 4224268 AB - In Veracruz State, Mexico, the temporal and spatial distributions of 5 species of parasitic Hymenoptera attacking larvae of 5 Anastrepha species in 7 species of fruit tree canopies were examined. Parasitism by Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) (Braconidae), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Braconidae), and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Braconidae) was higher in 3 of 4 significant cases in the lower portions of the canopies. U. anastrephae was more abundant in the interior of canopies (2 cases), whereas D. areolatus was more common in the margins (1 case). In 6 of 7 instances the mean sizes of fruits containing parasitoids were smaller than those of infested fruits without parasitoids. U. anastrephae attacked larvae in a narrow range of smaller host-fruit species relative to other parasitoids. The efficiency (proportion of larvae attacked in a fruit) of D. longicaudata compared to that of other parasitoids increased with fruit size. D. longicaudata may be better able to locate or attack hosts in larger fruits. In all of 17 instances there were on average more host larvae in fruits containing parasitoids than in fruits without parasitoids. In all of 18 significant instances the larval density (larvae per gram weight of fruit) was higher in fruits that contained parasitoids than in fruits that did not. Parasitism by D. areolatus, Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck), D. longicaudata, and U. anastrephae often changed over time during the fruiting period, but was as likely to decrease as increase. D. areolatus had a pattern of decreasing parasitism during the fruiting periods of individual trees as the season changed from rainy to dry. There were only a few instances of significant relationships between parasitism and local differences in the canopy with respect to fruit numbers, host numbers, and host density. In 2 instances there were significant negative relationships between parasitism caused by the commonly cooccurring D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. In 2 other cases, parasitism by D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata was positively correlated. D. longicaudata is a recent introduction to Mexico and the positive relationships may indicate a niche overlap not present between the 2 native species, D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. Fewer than expected numbers of fruits containing both D. areolatus and U. anastrephae together was further evidence of niche differences. This pattern did not occur in fruits containing D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata. Information on the distribution of parasitoids at levels ranging from within canopies to across regions may guide biological control efforts, allowing the match of candidate species to locations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Sivinski, J AU - Aluja, M AU - Lopez, M AD - Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 604 EP - 618 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Canopies KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Hymenoptera KW - Mexico KW - Phenology KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+distributions+of+parasitoids+of+Mexican+Anastrepha+species+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+within+the+canopies+of+fruit+trees&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J%3BAluja%2C+M%3BLopez%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spring emergence by larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): A hedge against high-risk conditions AN - 16229254; 4224259 AB - Temperature-dependent thermal responses of postdiapause eggs of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.), one of the earliest spring emergent caterpillars in eastern North America, were described from a laboratory study of the effects of constant temperature on larval emergence from egg masses collected weekly and a field study of emergence of the 1st larva per egg mass (H sub(0)) and subsequent daily emergence of larvae from egg masses on host trees in Maryland. Cumulative weekly increases in thermal units decreased the time of H sub(0) of field-collected eggs incubated at controlled temperatures but had no effect on the lower larval development threshold (T sub(b)). The number of larvae emerging daily from egg masses held at controlled temperatures was temperature-dependent, asynchronous, and indicated that diapause of the pharate larva was terminated before 31 January. For 3 consecutive years, the H sub(0) among annually deposited egg masses on the same tree was asynchronous, several days lapsing between the 1st and last H sub(0). The daily rate of emergence among individual egg masses on the same tree also was asynchronous. The number of days to estimated median larval emergence (E sub(50)) was variable, and the length of larval emergence averaged 12 plus or minus 1.2 d. Daily emergence appears to be relatively independent of temperature. Thus, reducing the risk of mortality of early instars from late winter storms by asynchronous emergence in early spring is a behavior that is apparently random and appears to be under genetic control. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Neal, JW Jr AU - Chittams, J L AU - Bentz, J-A AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 010 A, 1300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 596 EP - 603 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Eastern tent caterpillars KW - Emergence KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tent caterpillar moths KW - Tent caterpillars KW - USA, Maryland KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16229254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spring+emergence+by+larvae+of+the+eastern+tent+caterpillar+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lasiocampidae%29%3A+A+hedge+against+high-risk+conditions&rft.au=Neal%2C+JW+Jr%3BChittams%2C+J+L%3BBentz%2C+J-A&rft.aulast=Neal&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model for multi-stand management based on structural attributes of individual stands AN - 16217129; 4209474 AB - A growing interest in managing forest ecosystems calls for decision models that take into account attribute goals for large forest areas while continuing to recognize the individual stand as a basic unit of forest management. A dynamic, nonlinear forest management model is described that schedules silvicultural treatments for individual stands that are linked by multi-stand management constraints. A growth model useful for many eastern forest types accounts for stand dynamics resulting from cutting decisions. This modeling approach provides a framework for coordinating management goals over many stands while meeting the practical need for stand-level cutting prescriptions. An example problem demonstrates how to measure the tradeoff between economic efficiency and tree species diversity. Dimension limits and solver efficiency are discussed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Miller, G W AU - Sullivan, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 261 EP - 271 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Model+for+multi-stand+management+based+on+structural+attributes+of+individual+stands&rft.au=Miller%2C+G+W%3BSullivan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile allelochemicals released by crucifer green manures AN - 16119289; 4210187 AB - Several members of the crucifer family (Brassicaceae), including white mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), brown mustard [B. juncea (L.) Coss], black mustard [B. nigra (L.) Koch], leafy turnip (B. campestris L.), rapeseed (B. napus L.), and garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) were examined for their potential as allelopathic green manure crops. Hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. Ex A. W. Hill] germination and fresh weight was inhibited by chopped leaf tissues of all green manures tested, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), when added to a sandy loam soil. Wheat seed germination was inhibited only by B. nigra, B. hirta, and L. sativum, although none of the treatments reduced fresh weight of germinated seedlings. The major volatiles released by chopped plants were determined by solid-phase microextraction sampling and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatiles included allyl isothiocyanate (allyl-ITC), 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate (benzyl-ITC), cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and trans-2-hexenal. These compounds, together with methyl-ITC (methyl-ITC), beta -phenylethyl-ITC, benzaldehyde, beta -ocimene, and alpha -farnesene were tested for inhibition of seed germination of several crop and weed species when applied as volatiles. Of these, allyl-ITC and methyl-ITC were the most inhibitory, completely inhibiting the germination of all species at a headspace gas concentration of 1 ppm in airtight glass containers. Selecting mustard green manures that release high levels of allyl-ITC would appear to be optimal for allelopathic activity, and plants that produce high levels of benzyl-ITC also appear promising. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Boydston, R A AD - Bioactive Agents Res., USDA, ARS, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 2107 EP - 2116 VL - 23 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Mustards KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - weed control KW - Brassicaceae KW - seed germination KW - allelochemicals KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatile+allelochemicals+released+by+crucifer+green+manures&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BBoydston%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brassicaceae; allelochemicals; seed germination; weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of whole-cell antigens of pressure- and formalin-killed Flexibacter columnaris from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) AN - 16103627; 4204435 AB - To identify and compare immunodominant antigens in whole-cell lysates of pressure- and formalin-killed Flexibacter columnaris. Animals - Sera from naturally infected and vaccinated channel catfish. Procedures - Whole-cell lysates of pressure- and formalin-killed F columnaris were compared, and antigens were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigens were identified by staining, western blotting, and specific monoclonal antibodies to glycoproteins. Western blotting was performed, using sera from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with naturally acquired F columnaris infection and sera from channel catfish vaccinated with an experimental prototype F columnaris vaccine. Results - Whole-cell lysates of pressure and formalin-killed F columnaris shared 4 proteins: 100, 80, 66, and 60 kd. The 60-kd antigen was a glycoprotein. Western blotting, using sera from naturally infected channel catfish, revealed the same proteins for pressure- and for malin-killed F columnaris. Sera from vaccinated fish reacted only to pressure-killed lysate antigens. Conclusions - Pressure- and formalin-killed F columnaris whole-cell lysates share 100-, 80-, 66-, and 60- kd proteins and are recognized by antibodies from naturally infected catfish and those vaccinated with formalin-killed F columnaris. Formalin treatment modifies or inactivates the 60-kd protein antigens, rendering them unrecognizable to antibodies from channel catfish naturally infected with F columnaris, suggesting that formalin-killed F columnaris may not be suitable for use as a bacterin against columnaris disease. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Bader, JA AU - Klesius, PH AU - Vinitnantharat, S AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., Auburn, AL 36830, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 985 EP - 988 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - fish diseases KW - formaldehyde KW - husbandry diseases KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - pressure KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Flexibacter columnaris KW - antigens KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - Q4 27360:Vaccines KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16103627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+whole-cell+antigens+of+pressure-+and+formalin-killed+Flexibacter+columnaris+from+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29&rft.au=Bader%2C+JA%3BKlesius%2C+PH%3BVinitnantharat%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bader&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; vaccines; fish diseases; pressure; husbandry diseases; antigens; Flexibacter columnaris; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proteinase-mediated insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins AN - 16085670; 4116716 AB - Two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-resistant strains of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, lack a major gut proteinase that activates Bt protoxins. The absence of this enzyme is genetically linked to larval survival on Bt-treated diets. When considered with previous data supporting the existence of receptor-mediated insect resistance to Bt, these results provide evidence that insect adaptation to these toxins occurs through multiple physiological mechanisms, which complicate efforts to prevent or manage resistance to Bt in insect control programs. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Oppert, B AU - Kramer, K J AU - Beeman, R W AU - Johnson, D AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502-2736, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 23473 EP - 23476 VL - 272 IS - 38 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - proteinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biological control KW - plant protection KW - toxins KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16085670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Proteinase-mediated+insect+resistance+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis+toxins&rft.au=Oppert%2C+B%3BKramer%2C+K+J%3BBeeman%2C+R+W%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Oppert&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=38&rft.spage=23473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; toxins; plant protection; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health issues in aquaculture. AN - 79565128; 9501378 AB - The authors address the public health issues associated with the consumption of aquacultural products using numerous examples from the United States of America. As with other foods, public health risks exist but these mostly involve open water environments or products which are consumed raw or undercooked. Unlike wild fisheries, inland aquaculture systems can minimise public health risks by proper site evaluation and good aquacultural practices. Responsible use of pesticides and therapeutants can prevent violative residues to assure product safety and wholesomeness. The implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point regulations will further enhance the preventive approach to hazards control. The most challenging public health risks arise from shellfish production in open, surface waters, where both naturally-occurring and trace environmental residue contaminants can bioaccumulate in tissues and may cause disease outbreaks (and, in severe cases, death). Water quality certification programmes and field surveillance efforts including product sampling, testing and monitoring can address critical safety criteria. This paper focuses primarily on public health risks associated with production: however, the fact that consumer risks also occur as a result of the processing of aquacultural products and that foodborne diseases arise additionally from unsanitary handling or preparation and storage at incorrect temperatures (as is the case for food products from other animals) must also be taken into consideration. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Jensen, G L AU - Greenlees, K J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Education and Extension Service, Washington, DC 20250-2220, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 641 EP - 651 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Infections -- etiology KW - Parasitic Diseases -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Marine Toxins -- adverse effects KW - Shellfish KW - Drug Residues -- adverse effects KW - Water Pollution, Chemical KW - Legislation, Food KW - Virus Diseases -- etiology KW - Metals, Heavy -- adverse effects KW - Public Health KW - Aquaculture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Aquaculture -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79565128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Public+health+issues+in+aquaculture.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+G+L%3BGreenlees%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk and the food safety chain: animal health, public health and the environment. AN - 79563991; 9501344 AB - Food safety related to the consumption of animal-derived protein encompasses a wide variety of production and processing procedures which begins with the farm and inputs to the animals on the farm (e.g. feed and water) and includes the environment in which animals are reared. Hazards may be physical, artificial or naturally-occurring chemicals, organisms which cannot reproduce outside a specified life-cycle (e.g., parasites such as tapeworm in pigs) or viruses. Other microbes reproduce in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals as well as on the surface of food and in the environment. Methods of risk assessment for physical and chemical hazards have been used for many years. However, with microbial pathogens which can survive and grow on meat, in soil, water or other media, risk assessment methods are at the early stages of development. Due to the broad habitat range, the role of microbial pathogens in the food safety of meat, poultry, fruit and vegetables is important. The use of antibiotics in livestock species may accelerate the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microbial pathogens, potentially complicating treatment for both animals and humans. The authors discuss the food chain, risk analysis and hazard analysis and critical control points in relation to foodborne pathogens, and introduce general strategies for improving pathogen control on the farm. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Ahl, A S AU - Buntain, B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis and Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20050, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 322 EP - 330 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - Zoonoses -- etiology KW - Food Parasitology KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Risk Assessment KW - Meat -- standards KW - Public Health KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79563991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Risk+and+the+food+safety+chain%3A+animal+health%2C+public+health+and+the+environment.&rft.au=Ahl%2C+A+S%3BBuntain%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ahl&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasites associated with pork and pork products. AN - 79562724; 9501363 AB - Three parasites pose a public health risk from the ingestion of raw or undercooked pork, namely: Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium and Toxoplasma gondii. Inspection procedures, when practised according to prescribed methods, are effective in eliminating the majority of risks from T. spiralis and T. solium. No suitable methods for the post-slaughter detection of T. gondii are available. All three parasites are inactivated by various methods of cooking, freezing and curing; some information is also available on inactivation by irradiation. Good production practices, including a high level of sanitation, rodent and cat control on farms, can prevent opportunities for exposure of pigs to these parasites. Alternatively, meat inspection, proper commercial processing and adherence to guidelines for in-home preparation of meat are effective methods for reduction of risks for human exposure. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Gamble, H R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 496 EP - 506 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Taeniasis -- epidemiology KW - Toxoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Trichinellosis -- prevention & control KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Toxoplasmosis -- prevention & control KW - Food Parasitology KW - Trichinellosis -- epidemiology KW - Taeniasis -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Parasites+associated+with+pork+and+pork+products.&rft.au=Gamble%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Milk pasteurisation and safety: a brief history and update. AN - 79562677; 9501358 AB - A brief history of the development of milk pasteurisation is presented and updated. Concerns about the margin of safety provided by current pasteurisation standards in terms of milk-borne pathogens such as mycobacteria (in particular Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) and other emerging pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are discussed. With the exception of the endospores of Bacillus cereus, current standards appear to be adequate for public health assurance of milk safety provided good manufacturing practices are followed. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Holsinger, V H AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Stabel, J R AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 441 EP - 451 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - History, 20th Century KW - Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - History, 19th Century KW - Europe KW - Bacterial Infections -- history KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- history KW - Milk -- standards KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Preservation -- history KW - Disinfection -- history KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Milk -- history KW - Disinfection -- trends KW - Food Preservation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Milk+pasteurisation+and+safety%3A+a+brief+history+and+update.&rft.au=Holsinger%2C+V+H%3BRajkowski%2C+K+T%3BStabel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Holsinger&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies to control Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry products. AN - 79562344; 9501366 AB - Foodborne illness is a major public health concern. The largest number of foodborne illness cases attributed to poultry and poultry products are caused by paratyphoid serotypes of Salmonella and by Campylobacter jejuni. The effective prevention of foodborne disease requires an understanding that contamination can be introduced into foods at numerous points along the food chain. Since multiple entry points exist for foodborne pathogens, multifaceted intervention approaches are required to successfully control contamination of poultry during the various phases of the growth period and processing procedure of broiler chickens. Strategies during the grow-out period (the period during which day-old chicks are raised to six- to seven-week-old broiler chickens) include sanitation, biosecurity, vaccine and drug therapy, and biological control procedures, such as those aimed at preventing colonisation. There are also many critical control points identified in the processing plant which reduce contamination. These include temperature controls (washer and product), chemical interventions, water replacements and counter-flow technology in the scalder and chiller, and equipment maintenance. Transportation and food handling at retail outlets and by the consumer (i.e., storage at the proper temperature and adequate cooking) are the final critical control points in the farm-to-table continuum. It is important to apply risk reduction strategies throughout the food chain. These include: easing the development and implementation of voluntary animal production 'best management practices', implementing in-plant hazard analysis and critical control point systems, developing effective transportation and refrigeration standards, working to facilitate adoption of the model Food Code in all States and providing educational materials and support for public health activities nationwide. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - White, P L AU - Baker, A R AU - James, W O AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 525 EP - 541 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- standards KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Strategies+to+control+Salmonella+and+Campylobacter+in+raw+poultry+products.&rft.au=White%2C+P+L%3BBaker%2C+A+R%3BJames%2C+W+O&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The public health risks of cervid production in the United States of America. AN - 79562142; 9501369 AB - Cervid species represent a growing livestock enterprise in the United States of America (USA). The zoonotic threat of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) is the only significant public health risk posed by this alternative livestock industry. This paper examines the potential sources of tuberculosis exposure as related to public health and compares and contrasts the status of tuberculosis in Cervidae with the situation in the cattle industry in the USA. Based on the existing prevalence of the disease and the limited potential of human exposure to infected meat or meat products, bovine tuberculosis in Cervidae poses a minimal threat to public health. The only significant public health concern is exposure to infected free-ranging cervids of hunters who field-dress carcasses and may unknowingly incise tuberculous lesions. This risk is mitigated only by the small size of the cervid population at risk when compared to the general population of cervids hunted yearly. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - VanTiem, J S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, Maryland 20737, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 564 EP - 570 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mycobacterium bovis -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Tuberculosis -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis -- veterinary KW - Deer UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=The+public+health+risks+of+cervid+production+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=VanTiem%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=VanTiem&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology and control of egg-associated Salmonella enteritidis in the United States of America. AN - 79561109; 9501367 AB - The isolation rate for Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) in humans in the United States of America (USA) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). The proportion of reported Salmonella isolates which were SE increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. In 1990, 1994, and 1995, SE was the most commonly reported reported Salmonella serotype in the USA. Much of this increase has been associated with the consumption of contaminated shell eggs. An examination of the results of a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey of spent hens at slaughter and unpasteurised liquid egg at breaker plants (liquid egg processors) in 1991 and 1995 reveals an increase in the prevalence of SE isolates overall and in most regions of the USA. SE phage type 4 (pt 4), the predominant SE phage type in other parts of the world, has emerged in the egg industry in the western USA concurrent with a sharp increase in the number of sporadic human SE pt 4 isolates in California and Utah. Research on the molecular structure and virulence of SE pt 4 isolates from the USA as compared with isolates from other parts of the world (human and poultry) should be a priority. A comparison of DNA from pt 4 isolates from the USA and Europe may provide information about the potential threat to public health and poultry in the USA from this phage type. Some regional success in the reduction of human illness as a result of SE control efforts is apparent. The Pennsylvania Egg Quality Assurance Program has shown progress in reducing SE infection in participating flocks. At a national level, however, neither the incidence of human illness due to SE nor the prevalence of SE in flocks and unpasteurised liquid eggs have decreased significantly, despite the implementation of the USDA 'trace back' regulation from 1990 to 1995, and intensified efforts to educate food handlers and to enforce safe food handling practices. More effort is needed to control SE at every stage of the egg continuum, from production through to consumption. A risk-reduction approach, with barriers to the introduction and multiplication of the pathogen throughout the farm-to-table continuum, is the most practical method for reducing human illness from SE in shell eggs at present. An effective long-term solution will require interdisciplinary efforts involving government, industry, consumers, and academics. Interventions should be developed and evaluated in compliance with the potential for reducing the risk to human health and cost-effectiveness. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Hogue, A AU - White, P AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Schlosser, W AU - Gast, R AU - Ebel, E AU - Farrar, J AU - Gomez, T AU - Madden, J AU - Madison, M AU - McNamara, A M AU - Morales, R AU - Parham, D AU - Sparling, P AU - Sutherlin, W AU - Swerdlow, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20005, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 542 EP - 553 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Humans KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Legislation, Food KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Pennsylvania KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Quality Control KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Infections -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- classification KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79561109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+and+control+of+egg-associated+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=Hogue%2C+A%3BWhite%2C+P%3BGuard-Petter%2C+J%3BSchlosser%2C+W%3BGast%2C+R%3BEbel%2C+E%3BFarrar%2C+J%3BGomez%2C+T%3BMadden%2C+J%3BMadison%2C+M%3BMcNamara%2C+A+M%3BMorales%2C+R%3BParham%2C+D%3BSparling%2C+P%3BSutherlin%2C+W%3BSwerdlow%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hogue&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=542&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard analysis and critical control point systems in the United States Department of Agriculture regulatory policy. AN - 79561066; 9501347 AB - Recent outbreaks of foodborne illness and studies by expert groups have established the need for fundamental change in the United States meat and poultry inspection programme to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has embarked on a broad effort to bring about such change, with particular emphasis on the reduction of pathogenic micro-organisms in raw meat and poultry products. The publication on 25 July 1996 of the Final Rule on pathogen reduction and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) systems was a major milestone in the FSIS strategy for change. The Final Rule provides a framework for change and clarifies the respective roles of industry and government in ensuring the safety of meat and poultry products. With the implementation of this Final Rule underway, the FSIS has been exploring ways in which slaughter inspection carried out under an HACCP-based system can be changed so that food safety risks are addressed more adequately and the allocation of inspection resources is improved further. In addition, the FSIS is broadening the focus of food safety activities to extend beyond slaughter and processing plants by working with industry, academia and other government agencies. Such co-operation should lead to the development of measures to improve food safety before animals reach the slaughter plant and after products leave the inspected establishment for distribution to the retail level. For the future, the FSIS believes that quantitative risk assessments will be at the core of food safety activities. Risk assessments provide the most effective means of identifying how specific pathogens and other hazards may be encountered throughout the farm-to-table chain and of measuring the potential impact of various interventions. In addition, these assessments will be used in the development and evaluation of HACCP systems. The FSIS is currently conducting a quantitative risk assessment for eggs, and several surveys and studies are being performed to supply data needed to conduct other risk assessments. The FSIS has established a food safety research agenda which will fill data gaps. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Billy, T J AU - Wachsmuth, I K AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 342 EP - 348 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sanitation -- standards KW - Animals KW - Eggs -- standards KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Meat -- standards KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - International Cooperation KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - United States Department of Agriculture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79561066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Hazard+analysis+and+critical+control+point+systems+in+the+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture+regulatory+policy.&rft.au=Billy%2C+T+J%3BWachsmuth%2C+I+K&rft.aulast=Billy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term sequelae to foodborne disease. AN - 79559119; 9501346 AB - Most of the concern about foodborne disease has been focused on the immediate effects of acute infection. Recent information has shown that many of these foodborne infections also have long-term sequelae with serious health effects and a significant economic impact. To increase the awareness of animal health professionals to these sequelae, the authors discuss two groups of sequelae which are strongly associated with preceding infection (reactive arthritides, including Reiter's syndrome, and the Guillain-Barré syndrome) as well as the possible association between Crohn's disease and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The discussion includes a description of the disease syndromes along with epidemiological and economic information. More reliable epidemiologial and economic data on chronic sequelae to foodborne disease will be needed for future evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies to reduce the occurrence of foodborne pathogens. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - McDowell, R M AU - McElvaine, M D AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 337 EP - 341 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Campylobacter Infections -- complications KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Paratuberculosis -- complications KW - Foodborne Diseases -- complications KW - Arthritis, Reactive -- etiology KW - Polyradiculoneuropathy -- etiology KW - Crohn Disease -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79559119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Long-term+sequelae+to+foodborne+disease.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+M%3BMcElvaine%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological and molecular characterization of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies, Haematobia irritans: identification of kdr and super-kdr point mutations. AN - 79532566; 9443375 AB - Two pyrethroid-resistant strains of horn flies were found to be 17- and 688-fold more resistant to permethrin and 17- and 11,300-fold more resistant to cyhalothrin than a susceptible control strain. Synergism experiments with piperonyl butoxide showed that both target site insensitivity and metabolic resistance mechanisms were present in the Super Resistant strain. Using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a 0.9 kb fragment of the putative sodium channel gene from susceptible and resistant flies was cloned and sequenced. Two sequence variants were detected, presumably arising from alternative splicing of transcripts. The amino acid sequences deduced from the resistant and susceptible fly gene fragments were identical except for three amino acid substitutions, two of which have been associated with resistance in house flies. A leucine to phenylalanine substitution associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) was found in both resistant strains. A methionine to threonine substitution associated with super-kdr was found in the Super Resistant strain. Translation of poly(A)+ RNA followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) detected translation products whose concentrations increased in association with pyrethroid resistance. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR of genomic DNA with over 260 DNA oligomers yielded one resistance-associated marker, designated HF-77, which was not detected in any susceptible flies but was present in 16% of the resistant individuals. JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Guerrero, F D AU - Jamroz, R C AU - Kammlah, D AU - Kunz, S E AD - USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. felixg@ktc.com PY - 1997 SP - 745 EP - 755 VL - 27 IS - 8-9 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Sodium Channels KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Sodium Channels -- chemistry KW - Muscidae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79532566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Toxicological+and+molecular+characterization+of+pyrethroid-resistant+horn+flies%2C+Haematobia+irritans%3A+identification+of+kdr+and+super-kdr+point+mutations.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+F+D%3BJamroz%2C+R+C%3BKammlah%2C+D%3BKunz%2C+S+E&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U83871; GENBANK; U83872; U83873; U83874; U83875 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A teratogenic deformity index for evaluating impacts of selenium on fish populations. AN - 79382332; 9378093 AB - This paper describes a method for using teratogenic deformities in fish as the basis for evaluating impacts of selenium contamination. Teratogenic deformities are reliable bioindicators of selenium toxicosis in fish. They are produced in response to dietary exposure of parent fish and subsequent deposition of selenium in eggs. There is a close parallel between selenium concentrations in eggs, incidence of teratogenic deformities in larvae, and magnitude of reproductive failure. Using these relationships, an index was developed for teratogenic-based assessment of impacts to fish populations. The index is composed of three ratings that signify increasing levels of terata-induced population mortality: 1, negligible impact ( 20% population mortality). Each rating is based on the anticipated population-level impact of the corresponding degree of mortality. Teratogenic-based impact assessment provides a conclusive cause-effect linkage between the contaminant and the fish. It is particularly useful for verifying selenium-induced impacts on reproductive success because poor reproduction can be caused by many things-i.e., fluctuating water levels, nest predation, food shortages, poor recruitment, etc. The index given here should be a useful tool for evaluating the effect of selenium on fish populations. Moreover, application of this technique may save considerable time and money by identifying the most efficient use of manpower and funds early in the assessment process. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 259 EP - 266 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Fishes -- abnormalities KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- classification KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79382332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=A+teratogenic+deformity+index+for+evaluating+impacts+of+selenium+on+fish+populations.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the United States. AN - 79363924; 9348158 JF - FEMS immunology and medical microbiology AU - Wachsmuth, I K AU - Sparling, P H AU - Barrett, T J AU - Potter, M E AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 233 EP - 239 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious KW - Prevalence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- transmission KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79363924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+immunology+and+medical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wachsmuth%2C+I+K%3BSparling%2C+P+H%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BPotter%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Wachsmuth&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+immunology+and+medical+microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of adequate vitamin A status during iron supplementation. AN - 79266316; 9287481 AB - Nutritional deficiencies, including iron deficiency, may promote infection by lowering the body's resistance to infectious diseases. However, it has been shown that administration of iron in developing countries can result in increased morbidity, because pathogenic bacteria may compete effectively for iron in the circulation, resulting in an exacerbation of existing infections. Improved vitamin A status may protect against this potentially harmful effect of iron supplementation in environments where infections are highly prevalent. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Ribaya-Mercado, J D AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 306 EP - 307 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Pakistan KW - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Nutritional Status KW - Vitamin A -- blood KW - Iron -- adverse effects KW - Infection -- complications KW - Iron -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79266316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Importance+of+adequate+vitamin+A+status+during+iron+supplementation.&rft.au=Ribaya-Mercado%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Ribaya-Mercado&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of wild-type virulence to Tri5 disruption mutants of Gibberella zeae via gene reversion and mutant complementation. AN - 79241930; 9274012 AB - Gibberella zeae is a pathogen of small grain crops and produces trichothecene mycotoxins in infected host tissue. The role of trichothecenes in the virulence of G. zeae was previously investigated using trichothecene-non-producing mutants that were generated via transformation-mediated disruption of a gene (Tri5) that encodes the first enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. The mutants were less virulent on some hosts than the wild-type strain from which they were derived. Here, we used two approaches to determine whether the reduced virulence of mutants was due specifically to Tri5 disruption or to non-target effects caused by the transformation process. First, we generated a revertant from a Tri5 disruption mutant by allowing the mutant to pass through the sexual phase of its life cycle. In approximately 2% of the resulting progeny the disrupted Tri5 had reverted to wild-type; however, only one of three revertant progeny also regained the ability to produce trichothecenes. In the second approach, we complemented the Tri5 mutation in a disruption mutant by transforming the mutant with a plasmid carrying a functional copy of Tri5. In all transformants examined, the ability to produce trichothecenes was restored. The restoration of trichothecene production in the revertant progeny and in the complemented mutant was accompanied by restoration of wild-type or near wild-type levels of virulence on wheat seedlings (cultivar Wheaton). The results indicate that the reduced virulence of the mutants was caused by disruption of Tri5 rather than non-target effects resulting from the transformation process. The results also provide further evidence that trichothecenes contribute to the virulence of plant-pathogenic fungi. JF - Microbiology (Reading, England) AU - Proctor, R H AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. proctorh@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 2583 EP - 2591 VL - 143 ( Pt 8) SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - Carbon-Carbon Lyases KW - EC 4.1.- KW - trichodiene synthetase KW - EC 4.2.3.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Edible Grain -- microbiology KW - Alleles KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Plant Diseases -- genetics KW - Lyases -- genetics KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Mutagenesis KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- pathogenicity KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79241930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+wild-type+virulence+to+Tri5+disruption+mutants+of+Gibberella+zeae+via+gene+reversion+and+mutant+complementation.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=143+%28+Pt+8%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U22464; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of nutrient fortification and varying storage conditions on host defense properties of human milk. AN - 79150159; 9240806 AB - Data are scarce regarding the effects of nutrient fortification and storage on the immunoprotective properties of human milk. These effects are important considerations when feeding premature infants. We hypothesized that total bacterial colony counts (TBCC) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration were not affected by the addition of fortifier even when tested under extreme storage conditions and that osmolality of fortified human milk does not increase with storage. Ten frozen and five fresh milk samples from mothers of premature infants were divided into fortified and unfortified milk, and stored for 72 hours at either refrigerator or room temperature. Aliquots were obtained at 0 to 72 hours for TBCC, osmolality, and total IgA, and analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Log10 TBCC in milk stored at refrigerator temperature for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours were significantly greater in fortified vs unfortified milk; both increased similarly with storage. Osmolality was greater in fortified than unfortified milk; both increased by approximately 4% with storage. IgA concentration was not affected by fortification or storage. To simulate the usual nursery use of fortified human milk, a separate evaluation was performed. Fortified milk was stored at refrigerator temperature for 20 hours, warmed in a 40 degrees C laboratory incubator for 20 minutes, and placed in a 34 degrees C infant incubator for 4 hours. Samples for TBCC were obtained at 0, 20, and 24 hours and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Log10 TBCC in fortified, refrigerated milk did not change over the 20-hour storage but increased during the simulated 4-hour usage. These findings may warrant consideration when using human milk in the neonatal nursery but support recommendations to use commercially fortified human milk within 24 hours. JF - Pediatrics AU - Jocson, M A AU - Mason, E O AU - Schanler, R J AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 240 EP - 243 VL - 100 IS - 2 Pt 1 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Immunoglobulin A KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Refrigeration KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Freezing KW - Food Contamination KW - Immunoglobulin A -- analysis KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Infant, Premature KW - Milk, Human -- immunology KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Food, Fortified KW - Milk, Human -- microbiology KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79150159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+nutrient+fortification+and+varying+storage+conditions+on+host+defense+properties+of+human+milk.&rft.au=Jocson%2C+M+A%3BMason%2C+E+O%3BSchanler%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Jocson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical technologies for irrigation flow control and measurement AN - 755133634; 13633668 AB - Practical technologies can encourage farmers to adopt practices that support sustainable irrigated agriculture. Important among these are convenient water measurement and control techniques. Many simple constructions or operating procedures are available that can bring considerable convenience to farmers and irrigation delivery system operators. Some are new technologies and some are improvements on older technologies. Many can be implemented with small expense. Some are superior replacements for current practices. The techniques and devices discussed included: (a) accurate and convenient zero setting for weirs and flumes (b) pressure-transducer field checks, (c) easy-to-use scales for orifice and Venturi meters, (d) flow-profile improvers to assist accurate meter operations in irrigation pipelines, (e) floor sills and wave suppressors for canals that usually flow at variable depths of flow, (f) water surface slope measurements-based on static-pressure tubes, and (g) field checks of flow velocity profiles to evaluate flow conditioning using rising-bubble techniques for flow-profile visualization. Many of the concepts are demonstrated in a summary illustration showing several items in a typical stilling well and broad-crested weir (long-throated flume) that need attention, and offers suggestions for correcting the deficiencies. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Replogle, John A AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 4331 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ, 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 241 EP - 259 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Surface water KW - Sustainable development KW - Weirs KW - Flow Velocity KW - Flumes KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Pipelines KW - Slopes KW - Irrigation KW - agriculture KW - Velocity KW - Canals KW - Sills KW - Suppressors KW - Velocity profiles KW - Drainage Systems KW - Flow Control KW - Irrigation Canals KW - Technology KW - Surface slope KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755133634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=Practical+technologies+for+irrigation+flow+control+and+measurement&rft.au=Replogle%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005897812746 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weirs; Sills; Velocity profiles; Suppressors; Flumes; Irrigation; Sustainable development; Pipelines; Surface slope; Canals; Surface water; agriculture; Velocity; Technology; Flow Velocity; Irrigation Systems; Drainage Systems; Slopes; Flow Control; Irrigation Canals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005897812746 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedogenesis and cementation in calcareous till in Indiana AN - 52466572; 1999-047193 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - McBurnett, S L AU - Franzmeier, D P Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1098 EP - 1104 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - outwash KW - Delaware County Indiana KW - Epiaqualfs KW - Hapludalfs KW - silica KW - movement KW - Indiana KW - sediments KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pedogenesis KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - strength KW - cementation KW - Daleville Indiana KW - till KW - Alfisols KW - calcareous composition KW - diagenesis KW - soil surveys KW - parent materials KW - surveys KW - carbonates KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52466572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Pedogenesis+and+cementation+in+calcareous+till+in+Indiana&rft.au=McBurnett%2C+S+L%3BFranzmeier%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=McBurnett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Purdue Univ. Agric. Res. Prog. J. Paper No. 14996 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; calcareous composition; carbonates; cementation; clastic sediments; Daleville Indiana; Delaware County Indiana; diagenesis; Epiaqualfs; geochemistry; Hapludalfs; hydrology; Indiana; micromorphology; movement; outwash; parent materials; pedogenesis; sediments; silica; soil surveys; soils; strength; surveys; till; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of a sediment wave in an experimental channel AN - 50169696; 1997-069066 AB - The routing of bed material through channels is poorly understood. We approach the problem by observing and modeling the fate of a low-amplitude sediment wave of poorly sorted sand that we introduced into an experimental channel transporting sediment identical to that of the introduced wave. The wave essentially dispersed upstream and downstream without translation, although there was inconclusive evidence of translation late in the experiment when the wave was only 10-20 grain diameters high. Alternate bars migrated through zones of differing bed load transport rate without varying systematically in volume, celerity, or transport rate. Sediment that overpassed migrating bars was apparently responsible for dispersion of the wave. The evolution of the wave was well predicted by a one-dimensional model that contains no adjusted empirical constants. Numerical experiments demonstrate, however, that the theory does not predict sediment waves that migrate long distances downstream. Such waves can only be explained by the following processes not represented by the theory: selective bed load transport, spatial variations in bar and other form roughness, the mechanics of mobile armor, and perhaps other mechanisms. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lisle, Thomas E AU - Pizzuto, James E AU - Ikeda, Hiroshi AU - Iseya, Fujiko AU - Kodama, Yoshinori Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1971 EP - 1981 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - bedload KW - experimental studies KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - one-dimensional models KW - sedimentation KW - physical models KW - flume studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50169696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+a+sediment+wave+in+an+experimental+channel&rft.au=Lisle%2C+Thomas+E%3BPizzuto%2C+James+E%3BIkeda%2C+Hiroshi%3BIseya%2C+Fujiko%3BKodama%2C+Yoshinori&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01180 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; experimental studies; flume studies; one-dimensional models; physical models; sediment transport; sedimentation; stream transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01180 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sequential uncertainty domain inverse procedure for estimating subsurface flow and transport parameters AN - 50167739; 1997-069058 AB - A parameter estimation procedure, sequential uncertainty domain parameter fitting (SUFI), is presented and has the following characteristics. The procedure is sequential in nature, meaning that one more iteration can always be made before choosing the final estimates. The procedure has a Bayesian framework, indicating that the method operates within uncertainty domains (prior, posterior) associated with each parameter. The procedure is a fitting procedure, conditioning the unknown parameter estimates on an array of observed values. Finally, the procedure is iterative, requiring a stopping rule which is provided by a critical value of a goal function. Performance of the SUFI parameter estimation procedure is demonstrated using three examples of increasing complexity: (1) analysis of a solute breakthrough curve measured in the laboratory during steady state water flow, (2) estimation of the unsaturated soil hydraulic parameters from a transient drainage experiment carried out in a 6-m deep lysimeter, and (3) estimation of selected flow and transport parameters from a hypothetical ring infiltrometer experiment. The procedure was found to be general, stable, and always convergent. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Abbaspour, K C AU - van Genuchten, M T AU - Schulin, R AU - Schlappi, E Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1879 EP - 1892 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - numerical models KW - transport KW - hydrodynamics KW - water regimes KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50167739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=A+sequential+uncertainty+domain+inverse+procedure+for+estimating+subsurface+flow+and+transport+parameters&rft.au=Abbaspour%2C+K+C%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T%3BSchulin%2C+R%3BSchlappi%2C+E&rft.aulast=Abbaspour&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01230 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrodynamics; numerical models; soils; solute transport; transport; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01230 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red clover seed production: IV. Root rot resistance under forage and seed production systems AN - 17566904; 4342401 AB - Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in the USA, Canada, and northern and eastern Europe. The effects of root rot resistance of six improved cultivars and three regionally adapted ecotypes on forage and seed yield under typical production systems in Wisconsin and Oregon, respectively, were measured. The relationship of cultivar flowering capacity to seed yield, was also measured. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the benefits of using improved cultivars instead of locally adapted ecotypes in Wisconsin forage production systems; (ii) determine whether selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin benefits seed production systems in Oregon; and (iii) identify strategies to increase seed yields in cultivars with improved persistence and high forage yields. Forage and seed yields were inversely related in all improved cultivars except Kenland, which had lower forage yield than the other improved cultivars and the same yield as the three local Wisconsin and Oregon ecotypes. The local ecotypes produced the highest seed yield because of a greater flower producing capacity than improved cultivars following spring forage removal. Seed yield was highly associated with the number of flowers produced by late July (r = 0.87; P less than or equal to 0.002). Selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin did not benefit seed production in Oregon. Improvement in seed yield capacity of cultivars with high forage yield may be possible by selecting for rapid flowering after spring forage removal in the western Oregon seed production region. JF - Crop Science AU - Steiner, J J AU - Smith, R R AU - Alderman, S C AD - USDA-ARS, National Forage and Seed Prod. Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, steinerj@ucs.orst.edu Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1278 EP - 1282 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Trifolium pratense KW - Plant protection KW - Disease resistance KW - Root rot KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Red+clover+seed+production%3A+IV.+Root+rot+resistance+under+forage+and+seed+production+systems&rft.au=Steiner%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+R+R%3BAlderman%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium pratense; Disease resistance; Root rot; Plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype x environment interactions for resistance to common scab in tetraploid potato AN - 16519395; 4342393 AB - Common scab of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), caused by the soil-borne bacterium Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Lambert & Loria, is an economically important potato disease. Tubers from susceptible plants may have superficial, raised, or pitted lesions. Quantitative methods to evaluate tubers for the amount of surface area covered (AI) and the type of lesion (LI) have previously been developed. The purposes of this study were to (i) estimate broad-souse heritability on a mean basis for scab resistance in a tetraploid population of Solanum tuberosum for AI and LI, (ii) determine the importance of genotype x environment interactions on AI and LI, and (iii) determine the stability of potato genotypes for scab resistance. In 1992 and 1993, 23 potato clones were grown in replicated scab-infested field plots in Presque Isle, ME, and Cranesville, WV, and rated for AI and LI. There were significant environment, genotype, and genotype x environment effects for AI and LI. Broad-sense heritabilities on a mean basis and their exact 95% confidence intervals for AI and LI were estimated as 0.89 (0.78, 0.95) and 0.93 (0.86, 0.97), respectively. Shukla's stability-variance statistics indicated that the most scab resistant genotypes were the most unstable, whereas, the most susceptible genotypes were the most stable. Thus, disease pressure was intense. Moderate levels of scab resistance were found. However, to obtain genotypes with high levels of scab resistance that are stable across environments will probably require development of populations incorporating new sources of scab resistant germplasm. JF - Crop Science AU - Haynes, K G AU - Goth, R W AU - Young, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Vegetable Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, khaynes@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1163 EP - 1167 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16519395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Genotype+x+environment+interactions+for+resistance+to+common+scab+in+tetraploid+potato&rft.au=Haynes%2C+K+G%3BGoth%2C+R+W%3BYoung%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - When is simple good enough: A comparison of the Gompertz, Baranyi, and three-phase linear models for fitting bacterial growth curves AN - 16479274; 4341548 AB - The use of primary mathematical models with curve fitting software is dramatically changing quantitative food microbiology. The two most widely used primary growth models are the Baranyi and Gompertz models. A three-phase linear model was developed to determine how well growth curves could be described using a simpler model. The model divides bacterial growth curves into three phases: the lag and stationary phases where the specific growth rate is zero ( mu =0), and the exponential phase where the logarithm of the bacterial population increases linearly with time ( mu =constant). The model has four parameters: N sub(o) (Log sub(10) of initial population density), NMAX (Log sub(10) of final population density), tLAG (time when lag phase ends), and tMAX (time when exponential phase ends). A comparison of the linear model was made against the Baranyi and Gompertz models, using established growth data for Escherichia coli 0157:H7. The growth curves predicted by the three models showed good agreement. The linear model was more 'robust' than the others, especially when experimental data were minimal. The physiological assumptions underlying the linear model are discussed, with particular emphasis on assuring that the model is consistent with bacterial behavior both as individual cells and as populations. It is proposed that the transitional behavior of bacteria at the end of the lag phase can be explained on the basis of biological variability. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Whiting, R C AU - Damert, W C AD - USDA ARS Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 313 EP - 326 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16479274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=When+is+simple+good+enough%3A+A+comparison+of+the+Gompertz%2C+Baranyi%2C+and+three-phase+linear+models+for+fitting+bacterial+growth+curves&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BWhiting%2C+R+C%3BDamert%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal rivalry protects tomatoes AN - 16333501; 4266314 AB - Tomato plants could get a new natural ally against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum fungi that cause wilt disease. Using a new experimental approach, ARS researchers are exposing the plants' roots to benign saprophytic strains of Fusarium that prevent their virulent cousins from causing harm. The aim is to eventually give tomato growers a natural alternative to controlling wilt with methyl bromide. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Fravel AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA-ARS Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., Bldg. 011A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2305, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 20 EP - 21 VL - 45 IS - 8 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - biological control KW - fumigation KW - methyl bromide KW - tomato KW - wilt KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16333501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Fungal+rivalry+protects+tomatoes&rft.au=Fravel%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Fravel&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfer of an ovine metallothionein-ovine growth hormone fusion gene into swine AN - 16319028; 4255051 AB - An ovine metallothionein-1a (oMT1a)-ovine growth hormone (oGH) fusion gene was microinjected into 400 pig zygotes, the zygotes were transferred into recipient females, and 15 founder transgenic pigs were born. Of 12 transgenic pigs assayed, five expressed high levels of oGH (> 900 ng/mL plasma), one expressed low levels of oGH (10 to 30 ng/mL), and six did not express oGH. Dietary supplementation with 2,000 ppm of zinc for 6 d induced a 20-fold increase in plasma oGH in the transgenic pig with low expression but did not induce expression in the six transgenic pigs with no constitutive oGH expression. The average daily gain of five transgenic pigs with elevated oGH was similar to that of non-transgenic littermates during a 9-wk feeding trial (P = .52). The liver, kidney, adrenal, and thyroid weights were all significantly heavier for the oGH-expressing transgenic pigs than for non-transgenic littermates. Total carcass fat, longissimus muscle fat, subcutaneous backfat thickness, and loin eye area were lower and carcass protein and water content and beta R fiber area of longissimus muscle were higher in the transgenic pigs with elevated oGH than in their littermate controls (P < .05 for each). The data indicate that even though the oMT1a promoter was more inducible by zinc than was previously reported for the mouse MT promoter in swine, the former provided a higher level of oGH expression than the mouse MT promoter. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Pursel, V G AU - Wall, R J AU - Solomon, M B AU - Bolt, D J AU - Murray, J D AU - Ward, KA AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 2208 EP - 2214 VL - 75 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - carcasses KW - gene fusion KW - gene regulation KW - growth hormone KW - metallothionein KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - G 07415:Domestic animals (sheep, goats) KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+an+ovine+metallothionein-ovine+growth+hormone+fusion+gene+into+swine&rft.au=Pursel%2C+V+G%3BWall%2C+R+J%3BSolomon%2C+M+B%3BBolt%2C+D+J%3BMurray%2C+J+D%3BWard%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Pursel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blue-stain fungi associated with roots of southern pine trees attacked by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis AN - 16317124; 4256951 AB - Forty paired plots were established from eastern Texas to Alabama to study root-infecting, blue-stain fungi in southern pine stands undergoing southern pine beetle (SPB) attack. Woody roots were sampled in plots undergoing recent or current attack by the SPB. Comparisons were made between occurrence of Leptographium spp. and related fungi and data on various characteristics of natural stands and plantations studied. Three fungal species, L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and Ophiostoma ips, along with unidentified Leptographium and Graphium species, were isolated from sampled roots. L. terebrantis was isolated more frequently from SPB-attacked plots (P < 0.001) than was either L. procerum or O. ips. More blue-stain fungal species and related genera were isolated from SPB-attacked plots than from control plots (P < 0.001). This also was true for combined isolation percentages of L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and O. ips (P = 0.03). Presence of blue-stain fungi also was associated with higher stand basal area in the control plots (P = 0.045). Isolation frequencies of O. ips and L. procerum, along with the combination of these fungal species with L. terebrantis, were logistically related to increasing stand basal area in the control plots (P = 0.02, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively). No logistic relationship was found for frequency of any of the three blue-stain species with respect to basal area in SPB-attacked plots. These results suggest blue stain fungi are important in the dynamics of susceptibility of southern pines to SPB attack. JF - Plant Disease AU - Otrosina, W J AU - Hess, N J AU - Zarnoch, S J AU - Perry, T J AU - Jones, J P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 942 EP - 945 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Engraver beetles KW - Loblolly pine KW - Longleaf pine KW - Pine KW - Slash pine KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - USA, Southern KW - blue stain KW - disease transmission KW - fungi KW - roots KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Blue-stain+fungi+associated+with+roots+of+southern+pine+trees+attacked+by+the+southern+pine+beetle%2C+Dendroctonus+frontalis&rft.au=Otrosina%2C+W+J%3BHess%2C+N+J%3BZarnoch%2C+S+J%3BPerry%2C+T+J%3BJones%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Otrosina&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella contamination associated with bacterial soft rot of fresh fruits and vegetables in the marketplace AN - 16313847; 4254949 AB - Wash water from 66% of 401 samples of fresh fruits and vegetables collected in the marketplace and affected by bacterial soft rot were positive for suspected strains of Salmonella, i.e., black, hydrogen sulfide-positive colonies on Salmonella-Shigella agar incubated for 24 h at 37 degree C. By comparison, 30% of 402 healthy samples were positive. Incidence of suspected Salmonella in broth enrichment cultures was 59% in 533 soft rotted samples and 33% in 781 healthy samples. Thirty percent of 166 representative strains of suspected Salmonella, selected at random from 20 different commodities, were confirmed to be Salmonella by physiological and serological tests. Adjusting incidence values accordingly, Salmonella contamination was potentially present in at least 18 to 20% of soft rotted samples and in 9 to 10% of healthy samples. Wash water from 120 paired healthy and soft rotted fruits and vegetables contained an average of 1.0 x 10 super(5) and 3.7 x 10 super(6) CFU/ml, respectively, of suspected Salmonella--a ratio of 1:37. Average concentrations of suspected Salmonella in enrichment cultures of healthy and soft rotted samples were 7.5 x 10 super(7) and 2.7 x 10 super(9) CFU/ml, respectively, also in the ratio of 1:37. Fresh potato, carrot, and pepper disks coinoculated with the soft rot bacterium Erwinia carotovora and with Salmonella typhimurium, and incubated for up to 72 h at room temperature, contained approximately 10 times the concentration of S. typhimurium as did disks inoculated with Salmonella alone. Disks coinoculated with Pseudomonas viridiflava and S. typhimurium contained approximately three times the Salmonella populations as disks inoculated with Salmonella alone. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wells, J M AU - Butterfield, JE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 867 EP - 872 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - food contamination KW - fruits KW - soft rot KW - vegetables KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Salmonella+contamination+associated+with+bacterial+soft+rot+of+fresh+fruits+and+vegetables+in+the+marketplace&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+M%3BButterfield%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germinability of teliospores of Tilletia indica after hot water and sodium hypochlorite treatments AN - 16313097; 4254961 AB - Hot water and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were evaluated to eradicate teliospores of the Karnal bunt fungus, Tilletia indica, for the purpose of decontaminating grain storage and handling equipment. The germinability of free teliospores and teliospores within the sori of infected wheat was assessed. Temperatures of 25, 60, and 80 degree C, NaOCl concentrations (wt/vol, pH 11.5) of 0, 0.53, and 1.60%, and immersion periods of 1, 5, 15, and 30 min were evaluated. In other tests, the influence of pH on NaOCl potency and of a delay between treatment and water rinsing were evaluated. Immersion at 80 degree C in water alone or with NaOCl killed both free teliospores and those within the sori of infected seeds within 1 min. NaOCl at 1.60% at 25 degree C killed teliospores suspended in water within 15 min, but some teliospores inside sori survived 30 min of this treatment. NaOCl adjusted to pH 8 before use was superior to NaOCl at pH 11.5. An application of 1.60% NaOCl at 25 degree C for 5 min followed by a 10-min delay before the seeds were rinsed in fresh water killed free teliospores but not all teliospores within sori. This treatment was more effective than the 5-min treatment alone but inferior to the 15-min treatment with NaOCl at a concentration of 1.60%. Because teliospores within the sori of infected seeds are partially protected and much more resistant to NaOCl, we recommend the removal and disposal of seeds from equipment before the treatments are applied. NaOCl radically altered the appearance of the teliospores, leaving a persistent visual indication that they had been treated, while hot water treatment alone did not. Therefore, it is beneficial to add NaOCl to hot water, although the improvement in the sporicidal efficacy was often small. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Hershberger, W AU - Bonde, M R AU - Nester, SE AD - USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 932 EP - 935 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - germination KW - heat treatments KW - karnal bunt KW - seed treatments KW - sodium hypochlorite KW - teliospores KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Germinability+of+teliospores+of+Tilletia+indica+after+hot+water+and+sodium+hypochlorite+treatments&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BHershberger%2C+W%3BBonde%2C+M+R%3BNester%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiochemistry of aposematic seed bugs AN - 16305912; 4243313 AB - (E)-2,7-Octadienyl acetate and (E)-2-octenyl acetate (1:10 by volume) were identified as a pheromone attractive to both sexes of the lygaeid bug, Tropidothorax cruciger. In a parallel investigation of Neacoryphus bicrucis (Lygaeidae), (E, E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate and phenethyl acetate ( approximately 9:1) were identified from males, and found attractive to both sexes of adults in the field plus a tachinid fly parasitoid of the bugs. In N. bicrucis, the pheromone was clearly shown to come from the tubular accessory glands of the metathoracic scent gland; this evidence, plus earlier literature reports for other species, indicate that male lygaeids are the pheromone emitters. In another lygaeid, Oncopeltus fasciatus, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine was identified in the cardiac glycoside-laden fluid sequestered from milkweed hosts and expelled by these bugs when they are attacked. Alkyl methoxypyrazines are warning odorants associated with poisonous insect secretions, and their presence in O. fasciatus indicates that the plant-derived chemical defense of lygaeines is more elaborate than previously appreciated. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Leal, W S AU - Nishida, R AU - Khrimian, A P AU - Lee, C-J AU - Sakuratani, Y AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Chinch bugs KW - Hemiptera KW - Seed bugs KW - alkyl methoxypyrazines KW - aposematism KW - cardiac glycosides KW - defense mechanisms KW - sex pheromone KW - toxins KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16305912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Semiochemistry+of+aposematic+seed+bugs&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BLeal%2C+W+S%3BNishida%2C+R%3BKhrimian%2C+A+P%3BLee%2C+C-J%3BSakuratani%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapped genomic locations for developmental functions and QTLs reflect concerted groups in maize (Zea mays L.) AN - 16279406; 4295968 AB - For maize, we have analyzed conjointly the map locations reported to-date of genes for growth, development, and stress response. We find that these genes associate into functional clusters, 10-30 cM long, distributed non-randomly along all ten chromosomes. These clusters comprise the loci for environmental and hormonal sensors, the growth machinery genes (e.g., genes for the enzymes of hormone synthesis, mutations disturbing sporophyte and gametophyte development, or genes for programmed cell death) and the master genes presiding over the spatial and temporal transitions in cell growth and differentiation (e.g., genes expressing transcription factors). Taking into consideration mapping accuracy, the putative associations of developmental genes generally coincide with the location of homeotic genes mapped with cDNA probes. The majority of over 800 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant architecture, growth and development in vivo and in vitro, the grain yield as the integer of growth, and ABA accumulation and effects, also map within these clusters. Several physiologically different quantitative traits of plant development and yield are often mapped by one and the same molecular probe. The clusters are redundant, apparently due to several duplication events in the course of maize evolution. We presume that these clusters are the functional units of genes expressed in concert to contribute toward regulating plant development and, apparently, some of the plant responses to abiotic stress. The major QTLs for plant height, earliness and grain yield are visible manifestations of the developmental clusters. The evolutionary and cytogenetic evidence seems to support the adaptive significance of functional gene networks for development. The physiological advantage of the close association of functionally related genes in the clusters may rely on compartmentation and tunneling of signal molecules, which helps to cooperatively recruit the transcription factors into multicomponent regulatory modules of high specificity. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Khavkin, E AU - Coe, E AD - USDA-ARS, Curtis Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 343 EP - 352 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - development KW - gene mapping KW - homeobox KW - maize KW - pleiotropism KW - quantitative trait loci KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16279406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Mapped+genomic+locations+for+developmental+functions+and+QTLs+reflect+concerted+groups+in+maize+%28Zea+mays+L.%29&rft.au=Khavkin%2C+E%3BCoe%2C+E&rft.aulast=Khavkin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of phosphate rock, coal combustion by-product, lime, and cellulose on ryegrass in an acidic soil AN - 16270952; 4266426 AB - Remediation of soil acidity is crucial for increasing crop production and improving environmental quality of acid infertile soils. Soil incubation and greenhouse pot experiments were carried out to examine the interactions between phosphate rock (PR), coal combustion by-product (BP), dolomitic lime (L), and cellulose (C) in an acidic soil and their effects on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv 'Linn') growth. BP and PR application increased plant P content and dry matter yield (DMY) of shoots and roots by improving soil Ca availability and reducing Al toxicity. Application of BP at low rates (5 to 10 g BP kg super(-1)) with PR appeared to decrease both plant P content and DMY compared to PR application alone. The reduced DMY is due to an increased Al concentration in soil solution as a result of displacement of sorbed Al by Ca of BP. Increases in DMY were obtained by addition of lime along with PR and BP at low rates or by increasing BP application rates above 15 g kg super(-1). This improved plant response was likely related to alleviation of Al toxicity by CaCO sub(3) contained in the BP. In addition to raising the pH to an acceptable level for plant growth, the dolomitic lime supplied needed Mg for plants, thereby maintaining a good balance between available Ca and Mg for plants in the BP- and PR-amended soils. The addition of cellulose to the BP- and PR-amended soils reduced water-soluble Al and increased DMY. Plant growth increased PR dissolution by 2.4 to 243% in a soil with low available P. Use of BP at moderate rates with PR and dolomitic lime appears to be the best combination in increasing crop yields on infertile acidic soils. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Baligar, V AU - He, Z L AU - Martens, D C AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Kemper, W D AD - USDA-ARS-ASWCRL, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - environmental restoration KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16270952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Effect+of+phosphate+rock%2C+coal+combustion+by-product%2C+lime%2C+and+cellulose+on+ryegrass+in+an+acidic+soil&rft.au=Baligar%2C+V%3BHe%2C+Z+L%3BMartens%2C+D+C%3BRitchey%2C+K+D%3BKemper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Baligar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of ethanol and oxygen on the growth of Zymomonas mobilis and the levels of hopanoids and other membrane lipids AN - 16257966; 4226734 AB - Zymomonas mobilis (ATCC 29191) was grown either aerobically or anaerobically in the presence of 2% (wt/vol) glucose and 0, 3, or 6% (vol/vol) ethanol. The rates of growth and the composition of hopanoids, cellular fatty acids, and other lipids in the bacterial membranes were quantitatively analyzed. The bacterium grew in the presence of 3% and 6% ethanol and was more ethanol tolerant when grown anaerobically. In the absence of ethanol, hopanoids comprised about 30% (by mass) of the total cellular lipids. Addition of ethanol to the media caused complex changes in the levels of hopanoids and other lipids. However, there was not a significant increase in any of the hopanoid lipid classes as ethanol concentration was increased. As previously reported, vaccenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the lipids of Z. mobilis, and its high constitutive levels were unaffected by the variations in ethanol and oxygen concentrations. A cyclopropane fatty acid accounted for 2.6-6.4 wt% of the total fatty acids in all treatments. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Moreau, R A AU - Powell, MJ AU - Fett, W F AU - Whitaker, B D AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 124 EP - 128 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - ethanol KW - fuels KW - growth requirements KW - hopanoids KW - lipids KW - oxygen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16257966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+ethanol+and+oxygen+on+the+growth+of+Zymomonas+mobilis+and+the+levels+of+hopanoids+and+other+membrane+lipids&rft.au=Moreau%2C+R+A%3BPowell%2C+MJ%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BWhitaker%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of carotenoids on aflatoxin B sub(1) synthesis by Aspergillus flavus AN - 16243977; 4233738 AB - Carotenes and xanthophylls occurring in yellow corn and related terpenoids were tested for their effect on growth and aflatoxin B sub(1) production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357, using the suspended disc culture method. Aflatoxin synthesis was inhibited at concentrations of beta -carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin comparable to those found in the horny endosperm of mature corn. Usually growth was not significantly affected. Inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis was greater for compounds with an alpha -ionone-type ring ( alpha -carotene, lutein, or alpha -ionone) compared with compounds with a beta -ionone ring. The presence of hydroxy groups on the rings tended to decrease inhibition, but did not override the effect of the ring type; lutein was similar to alpha -carotene and zeaxanthin was similar to beta -carotene in inhibition. A mutant accumulating norsolorinic acid (NA), A. parasiticus SRRC 162, incubated with alpha -carotene produced reduced levels of both NA and aflatoxin, indicating that inhibition occurred before NA. Additional A. flavus strains tested against 50 mu g/ml of beta -carotene had 89 to 96% inhibition, which was significantly more sensitive than NRRL 3357. A. parasiticus strains were less sensitive and generally had similar or lower inhibition than NRRL 3357. The results indicate that the presence of carotenoids in endosperm may decrease the amount of aflatoxin produced by A. flavus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Norton, R A AD - USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioactive Agents Research, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 814 EP - 821 VL - 87 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - beta -Carotene KW - aflatoxin B1 KW - biosynthesis KW - carotenoids KW - lutein KW - pigments KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+carotenoids+on+aflatoxin+B+sub%281%29+synthesis+by+Aspergillus+flavus&rft.au=Norton%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacing and management for cotton in the southeastern Coastal Plain AN - 16243330; 4223671 AB - The cost of drip irrigation can be reduced by using both wider lateral spacings and the same laterals for multiple years, as with subsurface placement. Multiple, low-rate fertilizer and water applications may reduce N fertilizer needs by improving efficiency and limiting the potential for leaching. The combination of these technologies may make drip irrigation of cotton profitable. Four years of continuous cotton and two years of cotton rotated with peanut were evaluated. Two subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacings (every row, 1 m, and alternate furrow, 2 m) and three sidedress-nitrogen methods (STD, single application of 112 kg/ha; INC, 112 kg/ha in five equal applications; and GOS, applications determined by GOSSYM/COMAX) were evaluated for cotton during 1991-1994. Two of the sidedress-nitrogen methods (STD and GOS) were evaluated for a rainfall-only treatment. Lint yields did not differ between the lateral spacings in any year. Yields for irrigated treatments were 16 and 65% greater than rainfall-only yields in 1992 and 1993, respectively. The GOSSYM/COMAX-managed nitrogen treatment received 30% less nitrogen fertilizer than other treatments, but had similar lint yield. Several fiber physical properties were affected by irrigation and nitrogen, but these effects were small and inconsistent. For continuous cotton, or cotton rotated with peanut, the wider lateral spacing is preferred to the every-row spacing because of its lower initial cost (about 30%). The combination of lower system cost, longer system life, and lower N-fertilizer requirements could make subsurface drip irrigation of cotton profitable for southeastern Coastal Plain soils, and reduce the potential for ground water contamination. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Bauer, P J AU - Hunt, P G AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 993 EP - 999 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - GOSSYM/COMAX KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Subsurface+drip+irrigation+lateral+spacing+and+management+for+cotton+in+the+southeastern+Coastal+Plain&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BBauer%2C+P+J%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide transport in a managed riparian forest buffer system AN - 16241243; 4223677 AB - The effect of a riparian forest buffer system (RFBS) on transport of two herbicides, atrazine and alachlor, was studied during 1992-1994. Herbicides were applied to an upland corn crop in March of each year. The buffer system was managed based on USDA recommendations and averaged 50 m in width. The system included a grass buffer strip immediately adjacent to the field (Zone 3); a managed pine forest downslope from the grass buffer (Zone 2); and a narrow hardwood forest containing the stream channel system (Zone 1). After the first year of the study, the managed forest was clear-cut in 1/3 and thinned in 1/3 of Zone 2. The other 1/3 of Zone 2 was left as mature forest. Most of the herbicide transport in surface runoff occurred before 30 June with about 25 cm of cumulative rainfall after herbicide application. During this period of higher herbicide transport, atrazine and alachlor concentrations averaging 34.1 mu g L super(-1) and 9.1 mu g L super(-1) at the field edge, respectively, were reduced to 1 mu g L super(-1) or less as runoff neared the stream. There were generally no differences among the mature forest and the two treatment areas (clear-cut and thinned) for either concentration or load in surface runoff. Using precipitation data collected on site, the effects of dilution versus other concentration reduction factors (infiltration, adsorption) was estimated for surface runoff. Concentration reduction was greatest per meter of flow length in the grass buffer adjacent to the field. There was only minor transport of herbicides through the buffer system in shallow groundwater and little difference between the Zone 2 treatment areas. In 1992 and 1993, herbicide concentrations in shallow groundwater in the RFBS and at the edge-of-field were generally at or below detection limits. In 1994, well concentrations of both herbicides increased, probably in response to infiltration of surface runoff containing high herbicide concentrations. Average herbicide concentrations were at or below detection limits in groundwater near the stream for most of 1994. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Lowrance, R AU - Vellidis, G AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Gay, P AU - Bosch, D D AD - USDA-ARS, SE Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1047 EP - 1057 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - grass buffer strips KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Herbicide+transport+in+a+managed+riparian+forest+buffer+system&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R%3BVellidis%2C+G%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BGay%2C+P%3BBosch%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: I. Hydrology and erosion AN - 16241194; 4223684 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model is a continuous simulation tool that extends the capability of the WEPP hillslope model to provide erosion prediction technology for small cropland and rangeland watersheds. The model is based on fundamentals of erosion theory, soil and plant science, channel flow hydraulics, and rainfall-runoff relationships, and contains hillslopes, channels, and impoundments as the primary components. The hillslope and channel components can be further divided into hydrology and erosion components. Channel infiltration is calculated by a Green-Ampt Mein-Larson infiltration equation. A continuous channel water balance is maintained, including calculation of evapotranspiration, soil water percolation, canopy rainfall interception, and surface depressional storage. The channel peak runoff rate is calculated using either a modified Rational equation or the equation used in the CREAMS model. Flow depth and hydraulic shear stress along the channel are computed by regression equations based on a numerical solution of the steady state spatially varied flow equations. Detachment, transport, and deposition within constructed channels or concentrated flow gullies are calculated by a steady state solution to the sediment continuity equation. The impoundment component routes runoff and sediment through several types of impoundment structures, including farm ponds, culverts, filter fences, and check dams. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the model conceptual framework and structure. In addition, detailed mathematical representations of the processes simulated by the channel hydrology and erosion components are presented. The processes simulated by the impoundment component are not described in this article, but it does include impoundment effects on watershed model channel peak discharge and time of concentration calculations. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Baffaut, C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Liu, B Y AD - USDA-ARS-NPA, GPSRU, 301 S. Howes, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 921 EP - 933 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - hydrologic budget KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+I.+Hydrology+and+erosion&rft.au=Ascough%2C+JC+II%3BBaffaut%2C+C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BLiu%2C+B+Y&rft.aulast=Ascough&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: III. Comparisons to measured data from small watersheds AN - 16239508; 4223686 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model was developed by the USDA for purposes of erosion assessment and conservation planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the WEPP watershed model applicability and prediction accuracy for small watersheds (0.34-5.14 ha) under different climate, topography, soil, and management regimes. No calibration was conducted to obtain the results. Only default model parameters were used. Data from 15 watersheds in six U.S. locations were compared to runoff and sediment yield estimates using WEPP95. The r super(2) values between measured and predicted total runoff and sediment yield for the 15 watersheds were 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. The r super(2) between measured and predicted event data for individual watersheds ranged from 0.01 to 0.85 for runoff and from 0.02 to 0.90 for sediment. Cumulative frequency distributions for predicted values of event runoff and sediment matched those for measured values with some exceptions. Improvements in the WEPP model are suggested where limitations were observed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Liu, B Y AU - Nearing, MA AU - Baffaut, C AU - Ascough, JC II AD - NSERL, USDA-ARS-MWA, 1196 Soil Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 945 EP - 952 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - comparison studies KW - sediment yield KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+III.+Comparisons+to+measured+data+from+small+watersheds&rft.au=Liu%2C+B+Y%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BBaffaut%2C+C%3BAscough%2C+JC+II&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal conductivity and water retention of a black spruce forest floor AN - 16239426; 4226058 AB - The forest floor of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands is typified by a thick layer of moss and organic material overlying the soil. This layer is an important source of nutrients and water for spruce and provides thermal insulation of permafrost. However, little is known about the water retention characteristics and thermal conductivity of black spruce forest floors. Near Fairbanks, Alaska, in situ thermal conductivity and water content of a black spruce forest floor (0-0.05 m depth) were assessed during the 1992 growing season. In addition, core samples were taken for laboratory estimates of bulk density, water retention, and thermal conductivity. Bulk density was about 0.035 Mg m super(-3) at the 0 to 0.10-m depth and 0.050 Mg m super(-3) at the 0.10 to 0.20-m depth. In situ thermal conductivity of moss was generally smaller than previously estimated and ranged from 0.03 to 0.09 W m super(-1) K super(-1) over the growing season. Thermal conductivity varied linearly with water content at the 0 to 0.10-m depth and exponentially with water content below 0.10 m. Water retention differed within the forest floor profile, with an apparently smaller air-entry matric suction and pore size distribution index below the 0.1-m depth. This study suggests that variations in bulk density within a forest floor profile, which result from changes in organic material composition, affect both the thermal and hydrologic properties of black spruce forest floors. JF - Soil Science AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 576 EP - 582 VL - 162 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - USA, Alaska, Fairbanks KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Thermal+conductivity+and+water+retention+of+a+black+spruce+forest+floor&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=576&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: II. Sensitivity analysis and discretization on small watersheds AN - 16237233; 4223685 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model was developed by the USDA for purposes of erosion assessment and conservation planning. The purpose of this study was to verify that the watershed model behaves rationally and consistently over a range of discretization structures and channel parameter inputs for applications to small watersheds. Effects of watershed discretization were evaluated for selected events within a one-year continuous simulation by comparing results for two watersheds under various discretization schemes. Impacts of channel input parameters were assessed by comparing the value of a linear sensitivity coefficient for user-specified parameters. Hillslope length, Manning's coefficients, and channel slope were found to be key parameters in the prediction of watershed sediment yields. Erodibility and critical shear stress were found to be important for events where channel scour was active, and the results were sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity for events with small runoff and small sediment contributions from hillslopes. Improvements in the WEPP model are suggested where limitations were observed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Baffaut, C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Liu, B AD - NSERL, USDA-ARS-MWA, Purdue Univ., 1196 Soil Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 935 EP - 943 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+II.+Sensitivity+analysis+and+discretization+on+small+watersheds&rft.au=Baffaut%2C+C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BAscough%2C+JC+II%3BLiu%2C+B&rft.aulast=Baffaut&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of uniformity measures for drip irrigation systems AN - 16233916; 4223673 AB - Three drip irrigation systems were installed in 1984, two with laterals on the soil surface and one with laterals about 0.30 m below the soil surface. These systems were used to apply irrigation water and nutrients to several experiments from 1985 to 1992. Emitter plugging, system uniformity, and overall performance were evaluated for both surface and subsurface systems using several methods, and the results were compared to those obtained for unused tubing that had been saved from the original lot. Emitter uniformity values calculated for the unused laterals by the traditional and ASAE EP458 methods were similar, but differences between parameter values calculated by the two methods were greater for the used laterals, especially in the subsurface system. All uniformity values were lower for the subsurface system, primarily because of plugged emitters. Uniformity values calculated by the EP458 method (randomly selected emitters) indicate lower emitter uniformity for the used laterals in the subsurface system, but these values were not as low as those calculated using all emitters on three laterals for that system. These values indicate that the EP458 method may not always reflect true system uniformity, probably because of the small sample size and existence of completely plugged emitters. Correction of emitter flow rates for temporal pressure variation among test times improved uniformity parameter values slightly. Uniformity values predicted by design /evaluation models were similar for both surface and subsurface systems, and generally indicate better system uniformity than values calculated from emitter flow measurements. The models were unable to predict reliable uniformity values for systems because of their inability to handle emitter plugging. Based on these results, it appears that both traditional and ASAE EP458 methods can be used to evaluate drip irrigation systems, but the EP458 method generally indicates lower uniformity and should be used carefully for systems where completely plugged emitters may exist. When emitter plugging occurs, the accuracy of predictions by either method will depend primarily upon the number of emitters measured and the extent of plugging. Entry of soil particles into this eight-year-old subsurface system during construction and/or repair operations probably caused the observed emitter plugging, which emphasizes the need for exercising great care in installation and maintenance of subsurface systems if a long system life (10-15 years) is expected. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Sadler, E J AU - Busscher, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1013 EP - 1020 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - conveyance structures KW - emitter plugging KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16233916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+uniformity+measures+for+drip+irrigation+systems&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BSadler%2C+E+J%3BBusscher%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative plant water relations and soil water depletion patterns of three seral shrub species on forest sites in southwestern Oregon AN - 16232436; 4195507 AB - We compared stomatal conductance, transpiration, plant water potential, and soil moisture depletion patterns for three shrub species common on early seral forest sites in southwestern Oregon following logging or fire. Our goal was to determine which of these species were more likely to be the strongest competitors with regenerating conifers. The three species, Arctostaphylos patula Greene, Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh., and Holodiscus discolor (Pursh.) Maxim., were selected to represent a range in leaf morphology and expected water use patterns. Dirunal patterns of leaf conductance, plant water potential, and environmental parameters were measured throughout the growing season, along with seasonal patterns in soil moisture. As with any data obtained under ambient field conditions, environmental parameters and exact timing of measurements varied among shrubs. To better evaluate the response of individual species to common environmental parameters, we constructed models of leaf conductance based on field data and used these models to estimate responses of conductance and transpiration to averaged environmental conditions. This allowed us to better compare species responses to seasonal and diurnal trends in environmental variables. C. sanguineus typically had the highest transpiration rates per unit leaf area, and H. discolor the lowest; however, due to much higher leaf area indices of H. discolor, the two species depleted soil moisture at about the same rate. C. sanguineus and A. patula both had high predawn water potentials throughout the season, even when soil water potential at 1 m depth was less than -1.2 Mpa, suggesting that these species, but not H. discolor, had roots in deeper soil layers. We predict that the two deciduous species, C. sanguineus and H. discolor, will be stronger competitors for soil moisture than A. patula, at least in the top meter of soil. In contrast, A. patula and C. sanguineus are capable of depleting moisture from deeper in the soil and may therefore strongly compete even with deep-rooted conifers late in the season. Our use of empirical models allowed us to compare species responses to common environmental conditions, which facilitated ecological interpretation of species differences in water use patterns. By early August, soil water potentials under all species were low enough to significantly inhibit conifer transpiration, photosynthesis, and growth. JF - Forest Science AU - Conard, S G AU - Sparks AU - Regelbrugge, J C AD - Pacific Wouthwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 336 EP - 347 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - stomatal conductance KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=Comparative+plant+water+relations+and+soil+water+depletion+patterns+of+three+seral+shrub+species+on+forest+sites+in+southwestern+Oregon&rft.au=Conard%2C+S+G%3BSparks%3BRegelbrugge%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS AN - 16227515; 4220906 AB - Nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants are recognized as the single greatest threat to surface and subsurface sources of drinking water throughout the world. The vadose zone serves as the conduit through which NPS pollutants travel through surface soil to groundwater supplies. Because of increased dependency on groundwater supplies, the ability to model groundwater vulnerability to the leaching of NPS pollutants through the vadose zone has grown in significance. Geographic information systems (GIS) have emerged as a useful tool in environmental modeling, particularly for NPS pollutants. A review is presented concerning the modeling of NPS pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS. Areas discussed include the significance of NPS pollutants as a global environmental problem, the justification for the modeling of NPS pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS, the basic components of environmental modeling with GIS, a review of existing GIS-based NPS pollutant models, the application of geostatistics to GIS-based NPS pollutant modeling, the influence of scale, the reliability of NPS pollutant models based on model error and data uncertainties, and the future direction of GIS-based NPS pollutant modeling. The proliferation of GIS-based NPS pollutant models holds promise, yet caution is needed to avoid misuse of a potentially valuable environmental assessment tool for decision makers. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Corwin, D L AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Loague, K AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 2157 EP - 2175 VL - 31 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - mathematical models KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Mathematical models KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Freshwater KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Aeration zone KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Pollutants KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Model studies KW - Geographical reference systems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information systems KW - Hazard assessment KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Modeling+nonpoint+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone+with+GIS&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BVaughan%2C+P+J%3BLoague%2C+K&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Mathematical models; Pollutants; Stormwater runoff; Groundwater pollution; Geographic information systems; Geographical reference systems; Hazard assessment; Risk assessment; Nonpoint pollution; Aeration zone; Model studies; Nonpoint pollution sources; Geographical information systems; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of formate and hydrogen, and flux of reducing equivalents and carbon in Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 AN - 16225535; 4226857 AB - A pathway for conversion of the metabolic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the formation of acetate, succinate, formate, and H sub(2) in the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was constructed on the basis of enzyme activities detected in extracts of cells grown in cellulose- or cellobiose-limited continuous culture. PEP was converted to acetate and CO sub(2) (via pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetate kinase) or carboxylated to form succinate (via PEP carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase). Lactate was not formed even during rapid growth (batch culture, mu = 0.35/h). H sub(2) was formed by a hydrogenase rather than by cleavage of formate, and super(13)C-NMR and super(14)C-exchange reaction data indicated that formate was produced by CO sub(2) reduction, not by a cleavage of pyruvate. The distribution of PEP into the acetate and succinate pathways was not affected by changing extracellular pH and growth rates within the normal growth range. However, increasing growth rate from 0.017/h to 0.244/h resulted in a shift toward formate production, presumably at the expense of H sub(2). This shift suggested that reducing equivalents could be balanced through formate or H sub(2) production without affecting the yields of the major carbon-containing fermentation endproducts. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Shi, Y AU - Weimer, P J AU - Ralph, J AD - USDA/ARS, USDFRC, 1925 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 101 EP - 109 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0003-6072, 0003-6072 KW - continuous culture KW - growth rate KW - pH KW - phosphoenolpyruvate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16225535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Formation+of+formate+and+hydrogen%2C+and+flux+of+reducing+equivalents+and+carbon+in+Ruminococcus+flavefaciens+FD-1&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y%3BWeimer%2C+P+J%3BRalph%2C+J&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of cyclodextrin production through use of debranching enzymes AN - 16219157; 4217145 AB - In the presence of a complexant and a debranching enzyme capable of cleaving alpha -(1 arrow right 6) linkages in alpha -D-glucans, Bacillus mascerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase; EC 2.4.1.19) converted starch, maltodextrin and glycogen into cyclodextrin (CD) in yields higher than those obtainable in the absence of debranching enzyme. The extent of yield enhancement by pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41; from Enterobacter aerogenes) was dependent upon temperature, type of substrate (including source of starch) and kind of complexant. Highest yields with pullulanase were attained generally by use of low temperature (15-25 degree C) and starches of low amylose content. At 25 degree C and pH 7, with cyclodecanone as complexant, 91-93% yields of beta -CD were obtainable from amylopectin, waxy-maize starch, and tapioca starch. With decan-1-ol as complexant, amylopectin was converted at 15 degree C into alpha -CD in 84% yield. With cyclotridecanone as complexant, amylopectin was converted at 40 degree C into gamma -CD in 72% yield. The debranching enzyme isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68; from Pseudomonas amyloderamosa) was also employed successfully to achieve high beta -CD yields. A 90% yield of beta -CD from amylopectin was obtained by applying isoamylase, CGTase and cyclodecanone at pH 6 and 25 degree C. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Rendleman, JA Jr AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 51 EP - 61 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - cyclodextrin KW - cyclodextrins KW - debranching KW - debranching enzymes KW - enzymes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16219157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+cyclodextrin+production+through+use+of+debranching+enzymes&rft.au=Rendleman%2C+JA+Jr&rft.aulast=Rendleman&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of multiple fires on the structure of southwestern Washington forests AN - 16217182; 4221663 AB - Fire frequency, intensity, and size can influence the nature of forest development, with potentially profound effects on ecosystem processes and the abundance of native species. The effect of an intense wildfire and subsequent severe fires within a short period (reburns) on forest establishment, composition, and structure was examined in the 16,000 ha Siouxon Creek watershed in the western Cascades of southern Washington. Evidence of large intense fires and small patchy fires was found in the watershed, with 4 fires occurring since 1900. Tree establishment was rapid and abundant throughout most of the area burned in the 1902 fire, possibly from survival of on-site seed sources. Tree establishment was delayed on most reburns and corresponded with years of abundant regional Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) cone production, indicating off-site sources of seed. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) was less abundant on reburns than on the 1902 burn. The ranges of Douglas-fir ages within stands were greater on reburns than on single burns, but fire frequency effects could not be distinguished from potential stand age and composition effects. There were no clear patterns of tree species abundance related to presumed dispersal distances of up to 3 km from unburned forest. Fire frequency, topography, and seed source had important effects on forest structure and composition across the watershed. JF - Northwest Science AU - Gray, AN AU - Franklin, J F AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 174 EP - 185 VL - 71 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Washington KW - community structure KW - fires KW - forests KW - species composition KW - topography KW - Risk Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+multiple+fires+on+the+structure+of+southwestern+Washington+forests&rft.au=Gray%2C+AN%3BFranklin%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of viral concentration and body weight on mortality of larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to wild-type or recombinant strains of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16216493; 4221066 AB - A parental, wild-type strain of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and 2 recombinant strains, engineered to express a scorpion toxin (AcAaIT) or a juvenile hormone esterase (AcJHE-KK), were used to infect larvae of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner). Initial mortality of 1st, 4th, and 5th instars, regardless of the polyhedral inclusion body (PIB) concentration, was not detected earlier than the 2nd d after exposure. At equivalent concentrations of virus, the recombinant AcAaIT was the fastest acting strain followed by the recombinant AcJHE-KK and then the wild-type AcC6. Each doubling of the viral concentration of AcC6 decreased the LT sub(50) by similar to 5%. Therefore, an 8- to 16-fold increase in the concentration of virus of the wild-type AcC6 was needed to attain LT sub(50)s equivalent to that of the recombinants AcAaIT and AcJHE-KK. Six weight classes (ranging from 0.3 to 95 mg per larva) of T. ni larvae also were exposed to AcC6 or the recombinant strain AcAaIT. The recombinant AcAaIT always killed cabbage loopers more quickly than the wild AcC6 strain regardless of larval size. Differences in LT sub(50) between strains AcC6 and AcAaIT were significant for all weight classes except for larvae weighing 45-60 mg per larva. The greatest difference in the LT sub(50) of the strains was for 1st instars weighing 0.3-0.5 mg per larva and the least difference was for 3rd instars weighing 45-50 mg per larva. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Garcia, C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65205, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 955 EP - 960 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Cabbage looper KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - biological control KW - larvae KW - mortality KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - pathogenicity KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16216493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+viral+concentration+and+body+weight+on+mortality+of+larvae+of+Trichoplusia+ni+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+exposed+to+wild-type+or+recombinant+strains+of+the+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+of+Autographa+californica+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Ignoffo%2C+C+M%3BGarcia%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ignoffo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment, soil N, and water stress on needle surface wax formation in Pinus palustris (Pinaceae) AN - 16214824; 4275132 AB - Interactive effects of increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) with resource limitations on production of surface wax in plants have not been studied. Pinus palustris seedlings were grown for 1 yr at two levels of soil N (40 or 400 kg N super(.)ha super(-1) super(.)yr super(-1)) and water stress (-0.5 or -1.5 MPa xylem pressure potential) in open-top field chambers under two levels of CO sub(2) (365 or 720 mu mol/mol). Needle surface wax content was determined at 8 mo (fall) and 12 mo (spring) and epicuticular wax morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 12 mo. Wax content expressed on both a leaf area and dry mass basis was increased due to main effects of low N and water stress. No main effects of CO sub(2) were observed; however, a CO sub(2) x N interaction at 12 mo indicated that under low soil N the elevated CO sub(2) treatment had less wax (surface area or dry mass basis) compared to its ambient counterpart. Morphologically, low N needle surfaces appeared rougher compared to those of high N needles due to more extensive wax ridges. Although the main effect of water treatment on wax density was not reflected by changes in wax morphology, the CO sub(2) x N interaction was paralleled by alterations in wax appearance. Decreases in density and less prominent epicuticular wax ridges resulting from growth under elevated CO sub(2) and limiting N suggest that dynamics of plant /atmosphere and plant/pathogen interactions may be altered. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Prior, SA AU - Pritchard, S G AU - Runion, G B AU - Rogers, H H AU - Mitchell, R J AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Dynamics Lab., P. O. Box 3439, Auburn, AL 36831-3439, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1070 EP - 1077 VL - 84 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - wax KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16214824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Influence+of+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment%2C+soil+N%2C+and+water+stress+on+needle+surface+wax+formation+in+Pinus+palustris+%28Pinaceae%29&rft.au=Prior%2C+SA%3BPritchard%2C+S+G%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BMitchell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1070&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling whiteflies in cotton: Validation and analysis of enumerative and binomial plans AN - 16119530; 4209660 AB - We tested enumerative and binomial sampling plans developed for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in 3,240 ha of commercial cotton as part of the implementation of a community-wide integrated pest management (IPM) program in Laveen and Tolleson, AZ, in 1994. We compared new field observations to sampling distribution models developed previously for all lifestages, and validated and analyzed the performance of 5 sampling plans based on these models by resampling field data from 129 to 284 sites. Mean-variance relationships for the new data differed statistically from mean-variance models previously developed for adults, but not for eggs or nymphs. Resampling analyses indicated that desired precision (SE to mean ratio) was rarely achieved, on average, by fixed-precision sequential sampling plans. These enumerative sampling plans provided better precision than desired at moderate to high densities of eggs and adults and worse precision than desired at most densities of nymphs. An empirical model relating mean density to the proportion of leaves infested with 3 or more adult B. tabaci was accurate at mean densities < 2 adults per leaf but over-predicted mean density at densities. Resampling analysis revealed that a sequential sampling plan based on this empirical model was accurate at classifying population density relative to an action threshold of 5 adults per leaf. At nominal alpha and beta error rates of 0.10, population density was correctly classified approximately 87% of the time. Accuracy was not improved by reducing nominal error rates to 0.05. Resampling analysis of a fixed-sample size plan based on n = 30 gave similar results and increasing sample size to 50 increased accuracy only 3%. Further resampling analyses that more closely approximated scouting protocols (15 sample units drawn from each of 2 quadrants in the field) resulted in an average accuracy of approximately 70%. Accuracy declined when populations densities differed greatly among quadrants in a field. Most of this error was associated with making a decision to control when pest density was below the action threshold. Based on a robust validation technique using field observations representing a wide range of environmental and agronomic conditions, our sampling plans performed well and should be useful for estimating and classifying population densities of B. tabaci in cotton over a wide area. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Diehl, J W AU - Ellsworth, P C AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 777 EP - 788 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Scale insects KW - Treehoppers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - statistical analysis KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - sampling KW - USA, Arizona KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Sampling+whiteflies+in+cotton%3A+Validation+and+analysis+of+enumerative+and+binomial+plans&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BDiehl%2C+J+W%3BEllsworth%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; Gossypium hirsutum; Homoptera; USA, Arizona; sampling; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - (Z)-11-Eicosen-1-ol, a major component of Apis cerana venom AN - 16118263; 4215408 AB - The unusual venom of Apis cerana contains large oily droplets within an otherwise aqueous secretion. Chemical analysis (GC-MS) revealed that the venom oil consists of (Z)- 11-eicosen-1-ol (81.2%), other linear alcohols (7.7%), and linear hydrocarbons (11.1%). The eicosenol is present in extremely large quantities, averaging over 250 mu g per insect, and is absent, or present in small quantities, in other parts of the sting apparatus. An investigation of the site of eicosenol storage in A. mellifera showed it to be absent from the venom and to be associated with the setose area where the more volatile components of the alarm pheromone are stored, as previously shown by others. A third honeybee species, A. dorsata, does not to contain the alcohol. The function of eicosenol in A. cerana in not clear, but may serve to mark stung intruders with pheromone or to attract foragers to marked floral resources. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Schmidt, JO AU - Morgan, ED AU - Oldham, N J AU - Do Nascimento, RR AU - Dani AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1929 EP - 1939 VL - 23 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - chemical analysis KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Stingless bees KW - (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - venom KW - Apis cerana KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - X 24173:Animals KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16118263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=%28Z%29-11-Eicosen-1-ol%2C+a+major+component+of+Apis+cerana+venom&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+JO%3BMorgan%2C+ED%3BOldham%2C+N+J%3BDo+Nascimento%2C+RR%3BDani&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apidae; Apis cerana; Hymenoptera; venom ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) population dynamics and impact of natural enemies in the Montpellier region of southern France AN - 16117436; 4215241 AB - In a 2-yr field survey in the Montpellier region of southern France, mean density of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) varied greatly within and among fields and sample dates. Peak densities in the spring were from 70 plus or minus 17 to 532 plus or minus 143 aphids per square meter, which is 40-100 times lower than reported in the United States Spatial variation in D. noxia density was strong at the scale of tillers and 1-m super(2) quadrats. Predator density and parasitism varied greatly among fields and sample dates. At the scales of fields and 1-m super(2) quadrats, predator density correlated positively with D. noxia density. When D. noxia population growth rate over each sample interval in each field was regressed stepwise on plant maturity, rainfall, temperature, and the densities of D. noxia, parasitoids, and predators, the only variable included in the regression model was predator density. D. noxia population growth rate declined with predator density, suggesting that predators limited D. noxia abundance. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Chen, K AU - Hopper, K R AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis, 34397 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 866 EP - 875 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - France KW - natural enemies KW - Aphididae KW - population dynamics KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16117436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Diuraphis+noxia+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+population+dynamics+and+impact+of+natural+enemies+in+the+Montpellier+region+of+southern+France&rft.au=Chen%2C+K%3BHopper%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Diuraphis noxia; France; population dynamics; natural enemies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Embryonic diapause in Aulocara elliotti and Ageneotettix deorum (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Low-temperature relationships AN - 16116589; 4215238 AB - Controlled environmental chambers were used to determine the effect of constant low temperatures (0-18 degree C) on diapause termination of the eggs of Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) and Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder), species that require low temperatures for diapause termination. When eggs of A. elliotti and A. deorum were incubated at 30 degree C without low-temperature treatments, 6.1% of A. elliotti hatched after approximately 36 d of incubation and 1.5% of A. deorum hatched after approximately 46 d of incubation. Exposure times (days) to selected constant low temperatures ranged from 15 to 100 d. For both species, the greatest hatch at all low temperatures was induced with exposures of >60 d. Optimum conditions for diapause termination of A. elliotti were calculated to be between 75 and 98 d exposure to 6.6-8 degree C. Optimum conditions for diapause termination of A. deorum were calculated to be between 75 and 77 d exposure to 7-8.6 degree C. These studies provide insight about the univoltinism of these insects and offer evidence that with these species, embryonic diapause terminates before the prolonged subfreezing temperatures of winter. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fisher, J R AD - Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS-PWA, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 906 EP - 911 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Orthoptera KW - Bigheaded grasshopper KW - Grasshoppers KW - Short-horned grasshoppers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - cold tolerance KW - Acrididae KW - diapause KW - Aulocara elliotti KW - Ageneotettix deorum KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Embryonic+diapause+in+Aulocara+elliotti+and+Ageneotettix+deorum+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29%3A+Low-temperature+relationships&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=906&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aulocara elliotti; Ageneotettix deorum; Acrididae; diapause; cold tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three bioremediation agents for mineralization and transformation of pentachlorophenol in soil AN - 16112967; 4215588 AB - Bacteria and fungi have been proposed as bioremediation agents for soil polluted with pentachlorophenol (PCP), and have been studied separately under various conditions. Because rate and extent of PCP degradation, as well as formation of transformation products, can differ among PCP-metabolizing microbes and can be influenced by soil conditions, the study described here compares the activity under similar soil conditions of two bacteria (strains of Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium) and a fungus (Phanerochaete sordida) with respect to laboratory-scale bioremediation of a sandy, low-organic matter soil that was amended with known quantities of radiolabelled PCP. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Pfender, W F AU - Maggard, S P AU - Gander, L K AU - Watrud, L S AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage and Turf Seed Res. Cent., 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 230 EP - 237 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - bacteria KW - fungi KW - soil remediation KW - pentachlorophenol KW - Phanerochaete sordida KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Flavobacterium KW - Pseudomonas KW - bioremediation KW - mineralization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+three+bioremediation+agents+for+mineralization+and+transformation+of+pentachlorophenol+in+soil&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F%3BMaggard%2C+S+P%3BGander%2C+L+K%3BWatrud%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Flavobacterium; bioremediation; soil remediation; bacteria; fungi; mineralization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preference of Gossypium genotypes to Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 16109300; 4208006 AB - Several Gossypium species and genotypes were evaluated in field and greenhouse tests in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, for preference to the whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. Genotypes within G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum, and G. arboreum were examined, including commercial and obsolete cultivars (cultivars that are no longer commercially produced), and modern and diploid genotypes. These genotypes possessed different leaf shapes, pubescence, and foliage color. Field results showed that the highest whitefly populations were on 'Stoneville 453' and the modern genotype 89F46h. The lowest populations were on the obsolete 'Lone Star' and genotypes 88G104 and 'MACAOS'. Greenhouse choice bioassays indicated that several genotypes from G. hirsutum had lower egg or nymph numbers than 'Deltapine 50', including Lone Star, MACAOS, 88G104, and 89E62. Greenhouse bioassays appeared to provide information comparable to field testing, at least for whitefly oviposition. Therefore, in preliminary screening tests where cotton seed is in short supply or certain genotypes cannot be incorporated into field testing, greenhouse bioassays can offer a complementary method. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Meagher, RL Jr AU - Smith, C W AU - Smith, W J AD - USDA-ARS CMAVE, 1700 S.W. 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1046 EP - 1052 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - genotypes KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Gossypium KW - food preferences KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Preference+of+Gossypium+genotypes+to+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Meagher%2C+RL+Jr%3BSmith%2C+C+W%3BSmith%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Meagher&rft.aufirst=RL&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; Gossypium; USA, Texas; food preferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of strain and access to males on female longevity, lifetime oviposition rate, and egg fertility of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16106387; 4204964 AB - The effect of mating frequency on fertility and fecundity over the lifetime of an insect is a major factor influencing reproductive behavior. In this study I tested the relationship between oviposition, egg fertility, and longevity of individual females under conditions of single mating or multiple mating opportunities. Percentage of eggs that were fertile decreased after approximately 3 wk of egg production for single mated females of old lines. New lines either had decreased egg fertility or decreased oviposition when no additional males were available. Repeated exposure to males decreased female longevity in all tests, effects of access to males on oviposition rates varied considerably among females. Profiles of egg production rates of the groups over the adult lifespan were not consistent for the 2 sets of tests for either old or new strains. This study indicated that several factors such as degree of adaptation to rearing conditions and access to males can affect female longevity, total egg production, and fertility. These effects, however, also appear to be influenced by environmental conditions and may vary considerably between experiments. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Mangan, R L AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 945 EP - 954 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - males KW - females KW - Diptera KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - Tephritidae KW - eggs KW - oviposition KW - longevity KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+strain+and+access+to+males+on+female+longevity%2C+lifetime+oviposition+rate%2C+and+egg+fertility+of+the+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Mangan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; longevity; oviposition; eggs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acoustic counting of adult insects with differing rates and intensities of sound production in stored wheat AN - 16100843; 4201445 AB - Automated acoustic detection systems count the insects in a grain sample by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of sounds. The acoustic location fixing insect detector is an automated system developed originally to quantify hidden larval infestations in 1-kg samples of wheat. The detector analyzes input from an array of sensors embedded in the sample container walls. It identifies (scores) a specific pattern of input as an insect if the spatial and temporal distribution matches the criteria based on a calibration with 4th-instar rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L). However, expanded testing has revealed considerable differences in the spatial and temporal distributions of sounds made by insects of different species and sizes. These differences were examined in a series of tests with insects that range an order of magnitude above and below the 1.5-mg weight of the S. oryzae larvae. A particular focus was the detection order of the first 2 sensors registering each sound. Multiple sounds from an insect tend to cluster together into a small number of contiguous 1st:2nd sensor detection pairs, but the pattern for background noises is random. It was determined that the cluster size, the number of contiguous 1st:2nd detection pairs, was proportional to insect weight. The rate of sound detection was inversely proportional to weight. Thus, to reliably count insects with widely varying sound production patterns, the sound pattern identification algorithm needs to self correct, depending on the input received from the grain sample. Adults or larvae generating large numbers of loud sounds, typically weighing >1 mg, can be scored in a few seconds, but those generating small numbers of weak sounds, typically 10 min. The possibility of using differences in cluster size to distinguish among species is also discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Mankin, R W AU - Shuman, D AU - Coffelt, JA AD - USDA-ARS Cent. for Med., Agric., and Veterinary Entomol., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1032 EP - 1038 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Weevils KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - stored products KW - Sitophilus oryzae KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Curculionidae KW - sound production KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Acoustic+counting+of+adult+insects+with+differing+rates+and+intensities+of+sound+production+in+stored+wheat&rft.au=Mankin%2C+R+W%3BShuman%2C+D%3BCoffelt%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Mankin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Sitophilus oryzae; Triticum aestivum; population levels; sound production; stored products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Components of the stilbene optical brightener tinopal LPW as enhancers for the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus AN - 16100783; 4207312 AB - The optical brightener Tinopal LPW is a derivative of triazinyldiaminostilbene sulfonic acid, and consists of 1,3,5-triazine, stilbene, and sulfonic acid components. These components and derivatives were compared with Tinopal LPW to determine the source of activity enhancement for the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus. None of the components or derivatives was as active as Tinopal LPW. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Argauer, R AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 899 EP - 904 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - baculovirus KW - optical brighteners KW - pathogenicity KW - stilbene KW - tinopal LPW KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Baculovirus KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Components+of+the+stilbene+optical+brightener+tinopal+LPW+as+enhancers+for+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+baculovirus&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BArgauer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; pathogenicity; Baculovirus; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the United States that express resistance to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) AN - 16096528; 4201448 AB - The purposes of this study were to select honey bees, Apis mellifera L., for resistance to varroa mites, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, and to find a probable cause for this resistance. As a genetic source, we assembled 8 colonies that we thought had potential for resistance to varroa. Queens and drones were propagated from this group to produce 43 instrumentally inseminated queens, each queen mated to only 1 drone. Colonies from 27 of these queens were tested in Louisiana and 16 were tested in Michigan. Each colony in the Louisiana test began with 986 plus or minus 13 g (mean plus or minus SD) of bees and approximately 290 mites; Michigan colonies began with 3,212 plus or minus 171 bees and approximately 51 mites. The populations of mites and bees were measured 10 wk later. Three of the 43 colonies had fewer mites at the end of the test than at the beginning. During the experiment, we evaluated each colony for grooming behavior, hygienic behavior, the duration of the postcapping period, and the frequency of nonreproducing mites in brood cells. Of these 4 characteristics, only nonreproduction of mites was highly related to a change in the mite population. The duration of the postcapping period was marginally related, and the other 2 characteristics were apparently unrelated to the growth of the mite population. This study showed that resistance to varroa mites is present in the honey bee population in the United States, nonreproduction of mites was highly correlated with the growth of a mite population, and nonreproduction of mites may be a valuable characteristic for selecting bees for resistance to varroa mites. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Harbo, J R AU - Hoopingarner, R A AD - Honey Bee Breeding, Genet. and Physiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 893 EP - 898 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Stingless bees KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - Varroa jacobsoni KW - pest resistance KW - USA, Michigan KW - Varroidae KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Acari KW - Apidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16096528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Honey+bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+in+the+United+States+that+express+resistance+to+Varroa+jacobsoni+%28Mesostigmata%3A+Varroidae%29&rft.au=Harbo%2C+J+R%3BHoopingarner%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Harbo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apidae; Acari; Apis mellifera; Varroa jacobsoni; Varroidae; Hymenoptera; USA, Louisiana; USA, Michigan; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a subcutaneously administered, ultraviolet light-killed Pasteurella multocida A:3-containing bacterin against transthoracic challenge exposure in goats AN - 16091968; 4200725 AB - Objective--To determine the effectiveness of Pasteurella multocida biovar A, serovar 3 (Pm A:3) killed by exposure to UV light and incorporated with a polyacrylate bead carrier as a vaccine. Animals--18 weanling male Spanish goats. Procedure--Prospective, randomized controlled study with 3 treatment groups: positive-control (PC), negative-control (NC), and principal Pm A:3 bacterin (PA) groups. Six PC goats each received live Pm A:3 and polyacrylate beads twice, 22 days apart, by transthoracic injection into the left lung. Six NC goats each received only PA beads twice, 22 days apart, by transthoracic injection. Six principal goats each received Pm A:3 vaccine SC twice, 22 days apart. Fourteen days after the second vaccination, all goats were challenge exposed with live Pm A:3 by transthoracic injection into the right lung, and 4 days later they were euthanatized and necropsied. Results--Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue at the challenge site was 1.75 cm super(3) for the PC group, 15.18 cm super(3) for the NC group, and 3.9 cm super(3) for the PA vaccine group. The NC group had a significantly (P less than or equal to 0.002) larger mean volume of consolidated lung tissue than did the PC and PA groups after challenge exposure. Conclusions--The PA bacterin and the PC groups developed protective immunity against live Pm A:3 challenge exposure. An SC administered, UV light-killed, Pm A:3 bacterin induced protective immunity similar to that induced by virulent live Pm A:3 injected into the target organ, the lung. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Ayers, J R AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 841 EP - 847 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - U.V. radiation KW - bacterins KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+subcutaneously+administered%2C+ultraviolet+light-killed+Pasteurella+multocida+A%3A3-containing+bacterin+against+transthoracic+challenge+exposure+in+goats&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BAyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; U.V. radiation; vaccines; bacterins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid changes in concentration of herbicides in corn field surface depressions AN - 16080910; 4113202 AB - Although herbicide concentrations in runoff water leaving treated fields have long been evaluated, reports of in-field concentrations in water that may infiltrate before runoff begins, are lacking. To characterize this potential contribution to ground water contamination, we treated one plowed and two no-till corn fields with 2 and 3 lb per acre (2.24 and 3.36 kg/ha), respectively, of atrazine and alachlor. We used a simulator to rain on plots within the fields 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days after herbicide application and collected water that accumulated in surface depressions 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after initial ponding. Highest atrazine concentrations were found in t = 0 samples on day 1, ranging up to 2 mg/L in the no-till and 10 mg/L in the plowed areas. At 5 and 30 minutes later, concentrations averaged 2/3 and 1/4 of the t = 0 values, respectively. Alachlor concentrations were 1/2 to 1/3 of atrazine values in the same samples. By day 32 initial concentrations of both herbicides were about 10% of those on day 1 and continued to decrease during the 30-minute sampling period. The rapid decreases in herbicide concentration indicate that significant infiltration of herbicides in preferential flow paths is probably limited to the early parts of the first few storms following application. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Edwards, WM AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Lal, R AU - Owens, L B AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Exptl. Watershed, Coshocton, OH, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 277 EP - 281 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - tillage KW - corn KW - alachlor KW - simulated rainfall KW - temporal distribution KW - preferential flow KW - research facilities KW - puddling KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - agricultural runoff KW - herbicides KW - USA, Ohio, Coshocton KW - atrazine KW - infiltration KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16080910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Rapid+changes+in+concentration+of+herbicides+in+corn+field+surface+depressions&rft.au=Edwards%2C+WM%3BShipitalo%2C+MJ%3BLal%2C+R%3BOwens%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; corn; atrazine; alachlor; simulated rainfall; temporal distribution; groundwater pollution; infiltration; preferential flow; watersheds; research facilities; puddling; agricultural runoff; herbicides; USA, Ohio, Coshocton ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of disturbances in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks AN - 16078806; 4113203 AB - The U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service (NPS) has adopted a policy of restoration of all disturbed sites related to road construction, visitor impact, and facility maintenance. The NPS is committed to maintaining the genetic integrity of the often unique native flora, with secondary goals of erosion control, competition with exotic and noxious invasive plants, and improved overall aesthetics of a disturbed site. In 1985, with financial support of the Federal Highway Administration, both Yellowstone National Park (northwestern Wyoming) and Glacier National Park (northwestern Montana) initiated a restoration program that involved topsoil and plant salvage, native indigenous seed collection and production, plant propagation from seed and cuttings, and extensive seeding and planting of disturbed sites. A nationwide cooperative agreement between the National Park Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service Plant Materials Centers (PMCs) was established in 1986 to assist in the determination of which native species could be readily collected, increased, and successfully reestablished on disturbed sites. The decision by the NPS to adopt a restoration policy has generated many unanswered questions and much controversy concerning the protection and preservation of the indigenous gene pools, e.g., the following: What plant species can be considered indigenous to an open disturbance in a forest community? What constitutes the limits of a genotype? How far away from the project area can plant propagules be collected and still be within these limits? What species can be readily collected and produced using standard agricultural techniques? By taking seed outside of the park to a dissimilar environment to increase seed or plants, is genetic drift or natural selection going to impact the genetic integrity of the plant material? What type of plant community is an acceptable restoration goal? JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Majerus, M AD - USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Cent., Bridger, MT, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 232 EP - 236 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park KW - USA, Montana, Glacier National Park KW - Seeds KW - plant populations KW - rehabilitation KW - topsoil KW - interagency cooperation KW - environmental restoration KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone Natl. Park KW - national parks KW - environmental protection KW - USA, Montana, Glacier Natl. Park KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16078806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+disturbances+in+Yellowstone+and+Glacier+National+Parks&rft.au=Majerus%2C+M&rft.aulast=Majerus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - national parks; Seeds; plant populations; rehabilitation; topsoil; interagency cooperation; environmental protection; USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone Natl. Park; USA, Montana, Glacier Natl. Park; environmental restoration; ecosystem disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of historical and current farming systems on groundwater nitrate in Northern Missouri AN - 16077920; 4113201 AB - A major objective of the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) Project has been to assess farming system impact on NO sub(3)-N concentrations in shallow aquifers. In Missouri our interest was to assess farming systems on the claypan soil/glacial aquifer. Three fields were selected and instrumented with groundwater wells in the spring of 1991. Wells were sampled quarterly and analyzed for NO sub(3)-N. Average NO sub(3)-N concentration since 1991 was 7 mg l super(-1), but 25% of the wells had NO sub(3)-N in excess of 10 mg l super(-1). In one field, NO sub(3) concentrations were much higher and are still decreasing after apparently receiving excess nitrogen (N) from manure and N fertilizer before 1980. Long-term N management has long-term impacts on groundwater quality in this aquifer. Current farming systems are probably affecting groundwater quality, but, because of the glacial till's apparent buffer for NO sub(3) storage, groundwater NO sub(3) concentration changes are slow. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kitchen, N R AU - Blanchard, P E AU - Hughes, D F AU - Lerch, R N AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Cropping Systems and Water Quality Res. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 272 EP - 277 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - MSEA Project KW - storage KW - USA, Missouri, Northern KW - farming KW - agricultural practices KW - agrochemicals KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - fertilizers KW - water quality KW - manure KW - nitrates KW - groundwater pollution KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16077920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Impact+of+historical+and+current+farming+systems+on+groundwater+nitrate+in+Northern+Missouri&rft.au=Kitchen%2C+N+R%3BBlanchard%2C+P+E%3BHughes%2C+D+F%3BLerch%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrates; farming; water quality; groundwater pollution; manure; Aquifers; fertilizers; agricultural practices; agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro super(14)C-amino acid fermentation by CF3 super(TM), a characterized continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture of caecal bacteria AN - 16073572; 4110765 AB - Competition for growth-limiting nutrients by broiler caecal bacteria and Salmonella has been suggested as one factor associated with decreased Salmonella caecal colonization. The amino acids arginine, aspartic acid, serine and threonine have been indicated as Salmonella growth-limiting nutrients. Broiler caecal bacteria maintained in a continuous-flow culture (CF3 super(TM)) were used as inoculum for media containing super(14)C-arginine, super(14)C-aspartic acid, super(14)C-serine or super(14)C-threonine. The super(14)C-labelled amino acids, except super(14)C-arginine, were metabolized to lactic, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids. In glucose-based media, 72%, 72% and 33% of the radiolabel from aspartic acid, serine and threonine, respectively, were detected in organic acids. Fermentation without glucose resulted in 48%, 50% and 71% of the radiolabel from aspartic acid, serine and threonine, respectively, being detected in organic acids. Results indicated that the early establishment of CF3 super(TM) in young chicks may result in the depletion of growth-limiting amino acids and, therefore, reduction of Salmonella colonization. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Hume, ME AU - Nisbet, D J AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, ARS, Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 236 EP - 242 VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - chickens KW - caecal bacteria KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - continuous culture KW - amino acids KW - fermentation KW - Media (culture) KW - culture KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+super%2814%29C-amino+acid+fermentation+by+CF3+super%28TM%29%2C+a+characterized+continuous-flow+competitive+exclusion+culture+of+caecal+bacteria&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - continuous culture; culture; amino acids; fermentation; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of dormant-season prescribed fire on plant community diversity, structure and productivity in a longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem AN - 16059810; 4107450 AB - A flatwoods longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem, which regenerated naturally following wildfire in 1942, on the Coastal Plain of southern Georgia was treated over a period of four decades with prescribed fire at annual, biennial and triennial intervals during the winter dormant season. Burning caused substantial changes in the understory plant community, with significant reductions in the foliar cover of Ilex glabra in the shrub layer resulting in corresponding increases in the cover of Vaccinium myrsinites, Sporobolus curtissii, Aristida stricta and Andropogon spp. Understory plant species richness, diversity and evenness also increased as a result of periodic fire. Dormant-season burning decreased the cover of litter on the forest floor and significantly increased the standing biomass of A. stricta, S. curtissii, Andropogon spp., all other grasses and all forbs. Recurrent fire also prevented the development of a vigorous midstory, that impedes understory growth and poses a serious fire hazard to the stand. Overstory trees were largely unaffected by burning. Historical light grazing on the site produced no measurable effects on the plant community. Findings suggest that the biennial burning interval results in declines of I. glabra in the shrub layer and litter cover on the forest floor, leading to the largest increases in understory plant species richness and diversity and the biomass productivity of grasses and forbs. Although flatwoods plant communities evolved in environments characterized by growing-season fires of variable frequency, long-term application of dormant-season fire is also recommended as a useful option for sustaining resource values in this and similar longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brockway, D G AU - Lewis, CE AD - Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 2205 Columbia Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 167 EP - 183 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 96 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Inberry KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - community composition KW - Aristida stricta KW - Vaccinium myrsinites KW - Sporobolus curtissii KW - Ilex glabra KW - Pinus palustris KW - USA, Georgia KW - savannahs KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+dormant-season+prescribed+fire+on+plant+community+diversity%2C+structure+and+productivity+in+a+longleaf+pine+wiregrass+ecosystem&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D+G%3BLewis%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ilex glabra; Pinus palustris; Sporobolus curtissii; Vaccinium myrsinites; Aristida stricta; USA, Georgia; fires; community composition; savannahs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sth132I, a novel class-IIS restriction endonuclease of Streptococcus thermophilus ST132 AN - 16059100; 4107462 AB - The Sth132I restriction endonuclease (R.Sth132I) was detected in Streptococcus thermophilus ST132 and purified to near homogeneity by heparin Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography. Fragments from Sth132I digestion of plasmid DNA were subcloned into pUC19 in Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and sequenced. Sequence analysis of inserts and their ligation junction sites revealed that Sth132I is a novel class-IIS restriction endonuclease, which recognizes the non-palindromic sequence5'-CCCG(N)4-3'3'-GGGC(N)8-5'. JF - Gene AU - Poch, M T AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Solaiman, DKY AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 201 EP - 206 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 195 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - deoxyribonuclease Sth132I KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07321:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Sth132I%2C+a+novel+class-IIS+restriction+endonuclease+of+Streptococcus+thermophilus+ST132&rft.au=Poch%2C+M+T%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY&rft.aulast=Poch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rethinking remediation technologies for desertified landscapes AN - 16047662; 4098652 AB - Shrub-dominated communities have replaced native grasslands throughout much of the arid Southwest during the past 120 years. Most currently available remediation technologies are uneconomical due to large inputs of energy, fertilizers, herbicides and labor, or are ecologically ineffective due to harsh environments and the highly competitive nature of these native shrubs. Our analysis of these historical remediation technologies together with new information on ecosystem processes has led us to pursue an ecologically-based approach in which more limited inputs are targeted to promote natural processes of regeneration. Advantages to this approach include lower costs, reduced reliance on agronomic practices, and maintenance of natural landscape features. Disadvantages include longer time required for desired changes to occur, and a need for increased understanding of arid land processes. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Herrick, JE AU - Havstad, K M AU - Coffin, D P AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Exp. Range, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003 USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 220 EP - 225 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - desertification KW - arid lands KW - arid environments KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - technology KW - remediation KW - grasses KW - USA KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16047662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Rethinking+remediation+technologies+for+desertified+landscapes&rft.au=Herrick%2C+JE%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BCoffin%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Herrick&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - desertification; remediation; grasses; arid lands; technology; USA; arid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of meta-phenylenediamine by the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AN - 79239330; 9268039 AB - Promutagens/procarcinogens arylamines are widely distributed in the environment. While it is accepted that these compounds can be metabolized to ultimate mutagens in mammals and higher plants, in aquatic plants they have not yet been explored. Intact wild-type and repair-deficient strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain were assayed for their ability to activate meta-phenylenediamine (m-PDA) to an ultimate mutagen. The different responses of the algal wild-type strain and repair-deficient strains to the toxic and mutagenic effects of m-PDA were observed. Recombination repair played an important role in repair of damage induced to C. reinhardtii DNA by this arylamine. The examined isomer of phenylenediamine induced mutations in both algal and yeast cells. m-PDA was activated in the algal cell/microbe coincubation assay in which algal cells were used as an activating system and bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the genetic indicator organisms. This new assay is, in addition to the animal microsome metabolizing system and the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay, suitable for the detection of environmental promutagens and their conversion to mutagens mainly in aquatic environments. JF - Mutation research AU - Vlcek, D AU - Miadoková, E AU - Vlckova, V AU - Slaninová, M AU - Podstavková, S AD - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. vlcek@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1997/07/14/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 14 SP - 143 EP - 151 VL - 391 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Phenylenediamines KW - 3-phenylenediamine KW - OE624J2447 KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Animals KW - DNA Repair KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mutation KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- drug effects KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- metabolism KW - Phenylenediamines -- toxicity KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- genetics KW - Phenylenediamines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79239330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+meta-phenylenediamine+by+the+alga+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii.&rft.au=Vlcek%2C+D%3BMiadokov%C3%A1%2C+E%3BVlckova%2C+V%3BSlaninov%C3%A1%2C+M%3BPodstavkov%C3%A1%2C+S&rft.aulast=Vlcek&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-14&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for light-dependent and light-independent protein dephosphorylation in chloroplasts. AN - 79232989; 9271212 AB - A number of photosystem II (PSII) associated proteins, including core proteins D1, D2 and CP43, and several proteins of the LHCII complex, are phosphorylated by a thylakoid-bound, redox-regulated kinase(s). We demonstrate here that the compound propyl gallate is an effective inhibitor of LHCII phosphorylation in vivo while having little effect on PSII core protein phosphorylation. Using this inhibitor, we demonstrate that LHCII dephosphorylation is insensitive to light in vivo. Taken together with our previous conclusion (Elich et al., EMBO J. 12 (1993) 4857-4862) that PSII core protein dephosphorylation is light-stimulated, our data suggest the presence of multiple phosphatases responsible for thylakoid protein dephosphorylation in vivo. JF - FEBS letters AU - Elich, T D AU - Edelman, M AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA/ARS, MD 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/07/14/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 14 SP - 236 EP - 238 VL - 411 IS - 2-3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins KW - Photosystem II Protein Complex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Propyl Gallate KW - 8D4SNN7V92 KW - Diuron KW - 9I3SDS92WY KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases KW - EC 3.1.3.16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Phosphorylation KW - Diuron -- pharmacology KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Propyl Gallate -- pharmacology KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- metabolism KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- chemistry KW - Light KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Chloroplasts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79232989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+light-dependent+and+light-independent+protein+dephosphorylation+in+chloroplasts.&rft.au=Elich%2C+T+D%3BEdelman%2C+M%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Elich&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-07-14&rft.volume=411&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary nickel and folic acid interact to affect folate and methionine metabolism in the rat AN - 815536586; 13856946 AB - A previous experiment using rats indicated that dietary nickel (Ni), folic acid, and their interaction affected variables associated with one-carbon metabolism. That study used diets that produced only mild folate deficiency. Thus, an experiment was performed to determine the effect of a severe folate deficiency on nickel deprivation in rats. A 22 factorially arranged experiment used groups of six weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Dietary variables were nickel, as NiCl sub(2).6H sub(2)O, 0 or 1 mu g/g and folic acid, 0 or 4 mg/kg. All diets contained 10 g succinylsulfathiazole/kg to suppress microbial folate synthesis. The basal diet contained <20 ng Ni/g. After 50 d, an interaction between nickel and folate affected the urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) and the liver concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Because of this, it is proposed that the physiological function of nickel is related to the common metabolism shared by SAM and FIGLU. Possibly the physiological function of nickel could be related to the tissue concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) or tetrahydrofolate (THF). JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Uthus, Eric O AU - Poellot, Rhonda A AD - Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 9034, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 25 EP - 33 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 58 IS - 1-2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Succinylsulfathiazole KW - Nickel KW - Liver KW - tetrahydrofolic acid KW - Excretion KW - Folic acid KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - Metabolism KW - Methionine KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815536586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Dietary+nickel+and+folic+acid+interact+to+affect+folate+and+methionine+metabolism+in+the+rat&rft.au=Uthus%2C+Eric+O%3BPoellot%2C+Rhonda+A&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02910663 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Succinylsulfathiazole; Nickel; Liver; Excretion; tetrahydrofolic acid; Folic acid; S-Adenosylmethionine; Methionine; Metabolism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02910663 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic hydrolysis of high-moisture corn fiber pretreated by afex and recovery and recycling of the enzyme complex AN - 807289940; 13858687 AB - Corn fiber is a grain-processing residue containing significant amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch, which is collected in facilities where fuel ethanol is currently manufactured. Preliminary research has shown that corn fiber (30% moisture dry weight basis [dwb]) responds well to ammonia-fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment. However, an important AFEX pretreatment variable that has not been adequately explored for corn fiber is sample moisture. In the present investigation, we determined the best AFEX operating conditions for pretreatment of corn fiber at high moisture content (150% moisture dwb). The optimized AFEX treatment conditions are defined in terms of the moisture content, particle size, ammonia to biomass ratio, temperature, and residence time using the response of the pretreated biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis as an indicator. Approximate optimal-pretreatment conditions for unground corn fiber containing 150% (dwb) moisture were found to be: temperature, 90C; ammonia: dry corn fiber mass ratio, 1:1; and residence time 30 min (average reactor pressure under these conditions was 200 pounds per square inch [psig]). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the treated corn fiber was performed with three different enzyme combinations. More than 80% of the theoretical sugar yield was obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis using the best enzyme combination after pretreatment of corn fiber under the optimized conditions previously described. A simple process for enzyme recovery and reuse to hydrolyze multiple portions of AFEX-treated corn fiber by one portion of enzyme preparation is demonstrated. Using this process, five batches of fresh substrate (at a concentration of 5% w/v) were successfully hydrolyzed by repeated recovery and reuse of one portion of enzyme preparation, with the addition of a small portion of fresh enzyme in each subsequent recycling step. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Dale, B E AU - Hespell, R B AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, 61604, Peoria, IL Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 113 EP - 126 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 67 IS - 1-2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Fuels KW - Ammonia KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Recycling KW - Starch KW - Hydrolysis KW - hemicellulose KW - Fibers KW - Pressure KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807289940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+hydrolysis+of+high-moisture+corn+fiber+pretreated+by+afex+and+recovery+and+recycling+of+the+enzyme+complex&rft.au=Moniruzzaman%2C+M%3BDale%2C+B+E%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Moniruzzaman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02787846 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Particle size; Sugar; Ammonia; Fuels; Cellulose; Enzymes; Starch; Recycling; Biomass; Hydrolysis; hemicellulose; Fibers; Pressure; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02787846 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FIFRA-88, GLP, and QA: pesticide registration. AN - 79572990; 9509549 AB - The 1988 amendment to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA-88) has decreased the number of pesticide registrations in the United States. Subsequent implementation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and quality assurance (QA) standards has increased costs of maintaining these registrations. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) maintains approximately 30 Section 3 (federal) or Section 24c (state) vertebrate pesticide registrations for the Wildlife Services (WS) program to control wild mammals and birds that damage crops, impact endangered species, or pose human health risks. Under FIFRA-88, APHIS summarized, performed, and submitted or gained waivers for > 500 studies requested by the U.S. EPA to assess potential hazards/effects of these pesticides. A summary of FIFRA-88 milestones for registration of 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH), the active ingredient (AI) in a "low-volume, minor-use" avicide (DRC-1339, Starlicide), is used to illustrate GLP/QA/animal welfare issues involved in this process. Trends in the development of new pesticides and veterinary drugs are compared to provide some perspectives on future career paths for QA professionals. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Sterner, R T AU - Fagerstone, K A AD - USDA/APHIS/WS, National Wildlife Research Center, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80524-2719, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 171 EP - 182 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Animal Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Birds KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Registries KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Conservation of Natural Resources -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79572990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=FIFRA-88%2C+GLP%2C+and+QA%3A+pesticide+registration.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+R+T%3BFagerstone%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the tobacco and Arabidopsis homologues of the pollen-expressed LAT59 gene of tomato. AN - 79245771; 9278171 AB - We describe the complete genomic sequences for the tobacco and Arabidopsis homologues of tomato LAT59, a previously described member of a family of pectate lyase-like genes. Translation of the tobacco gene, Nt59, predicts a protein with 93.5% overall amino acid similarity to LAT59. Nt59 has two introns whose positions are exactly conserved with the two introns of LAT59. Both LAT59 and Nt59 are specifically expressed in pollen and their promoter and 5'-UTR sequences are highly similar. Furthermore, two promoter elements shown to be important for pollen expression of LAT59 are conserved in the Nt59 promoter. The Arabidopsis homologue, At59, was found by examination of four candidates. At59 has 72.6% amino acid similarity to LAT59 and the position of one of its two introns is conserved with one of the LAT59 introns. At59 is also pollen-expressed and although its promoter sequence is quite different from the Nt59 and LAT59 promoters, the two promoter elements are somewhat conserved. JF - Plant molecular biology AU - Kulikauskas, R AU - McCormick, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA/ARS-UC Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 809 EP - 814 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases KW - EC 4.2.2.- KW - pectate lyase KW - EC 4.2.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- enzymology KW - Arabidopsis -- enzymology KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Pollen -- genetics KW - Pollen -- enzymology KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- genetics KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79245771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+tobacco+and+Arabidopsis+homologues+of+the+pollen-expressed+LAT59+gene+of+tomato.&rft.au=Kulikauskas%2C+R%3BMcCormick%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kulikauskas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U83621; GENBANK; U83620; U83622; U95924; U83619; U85646 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatotroph function in the neonatal pig. AN - 79217378; 9260062 AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate developmental changes in somatotroph function and related gene expression in neonatal pigs. Male piglets were sacrificed at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age (8/age group) for the collection of tissue and blood. Serum concentrations of GH were determined. Quantitations of mRNA were performed for pituitary Pit-1, GH, and GHRH receptor. Cultures of pituitary cells from each pig were stimulated with 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 nM GHRH; 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP; or 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate. Elevated serum concentrations of GH were observed at 1 d of age, followed by a pronounced decrease to basal levels thereafter (P < 0.0001). A mild transient increase in circulating GH occurred at Day 28. In vitro GH secretion was significantly stimulated by secretagogue treatments (P < 0.0001). Age-related declines in in vitro GH secretion were observed regardless of if the cells were stimulated by GHRH or by secretagogues that bypass the GHRH receptor (P < 0.001). Similarly, cellular GH content varied with age (P = 0.01). Levels of pituitary GH mRNA (P = 0.01) and GHRH receptor mRNA (P = 0.0002) decreased with age. The quantity of GHRH receptor mRNA was correlated with GH mRNA levels (r = 0.55, P = 0.02), serum GH concentrations (r = 0.55, P = 0.02), and in vitro GH secretion (r = 0.66, P = 0.001). Pituitary Pit-1 mRNA levels at 7 and 14 d of age were significantly elevated relative to all other sampling times (P = 0.0002). Levels of Pit-1 and GH mRNAs were significantly correlated (r = 0.64, P = 0.003). These results demonstrate a strong developmental regulation of somatotrophic function and related gene expression during the early neonatal period of the pig. Age-related decreases in secretory function may be mediated by concurrent mechanisms relating to the expression of the GHRH receptor and of GH. JF - Domestic animal endocrinology AU - Matteri, R L AU - Carroll, J A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 241 EP - 249 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0739-7240, 0739-7240 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Phospholipid Transfer Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone KW - somatotropin releasing hormone receptor KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone KW - 9034-39-3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- genetics KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- analysis KW - Linear Models KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- analysis KW - Male KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- genetics KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - RNA, Messenger -- chemistry KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- analysis KW - Base Sequence KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Carrier Proteins -- analysis KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Swine -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- genetics KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- secretion KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- analysis KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- cytology KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79217378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Somatotroph+function+in+the+neonatal+pig.&rft.au=Matteri%2C+R+L%3BCarroll%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Matteri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.issn=07397240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between aerobic bacteria, salmonellae and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. AN - 79075027; 9200241 AB - Broiler carcasses were removed from commercial processing lines immediately after defeathering, before chilling, and after chilling to determine whether any relationship exists between aerobic bacteria and the human enteropathogens salmonellae and Campylobacter. In two experiments, a whole carcass rinse procedure was used to sample 30 carcasses after defeathering, 90 carcasses before chilling, and 90 carcasses after chilling, for a total of 210 different carcasses. Aerobic bacteria and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated and the incidence of salmonellae was determined. Salmonellae and Campylobacter incidences were 20 and 94%, respectively, for all carcasses sampled. After picking, neither salmonellae-positive nor Campylobacter-positive carcasses had mean aerobic most probable number (MPN) values that were different from carcasses negative for those organisms. Immediately before chilling, aerobic and Campylobacter counts were 7.12 and 5.33 log10 cfu per carcass, respectively. Immersion chilling reduced aerobic counts by approximately 1.8 log and Campylobacter by 1.5 log, with no change in salmonellae-positive carcasses. There was no difference in aerobic or Campylobacter counts between carcasses that were positive or negative for salmonellae at any of the sampling locations, nor was any correlation found between levels of aerobic organisms and Campylobacter. Carcasses with aerobic counts above the mean or more than one standard deviation above the mean also failed to show any correlation. Discriminant analysis indicated error rates as high as 50% when numbers of aerobic bacteria were used to predict incidence of salmonellae or Campylobacter on individual carcasses. Aerobic bacteria are not suitable as index organisms for salmonellae or Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. JF - Poultry science AU - Cason, J A AU - Bailey, J S AU - Stern, N J AU - Whittemore, A D AU - Cox, N A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 1037 EP - 1041 VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- standards KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79075027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+aerobic+bacteria%2C+salmonellae+and+Campylobacter+on+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BBailey%2C+J+S%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D%3BCox%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wood transport in streams; a flume experiment AN - 52677855; 1997-069009 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Braudrick, Christian A AU - Grant, Gordon E AU - Ishikawa, Yoshiharu AU - Ikeda, Hiroshi Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 669 EP - 683 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - debris KW - wood KW - stream transport KW - logjams KW - channels KW - rates KW - fluid dynamics KW - physical models KW - flume studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52677855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wood+transport+in+streams%3B+a+flume+experiment&rft.au=Braudrick%2C+Christian+A%3BGrant%2C+Gordon+E%3BIshikawa%2C+Yoshiharu%3BIkeda%2C+Hiroshi&rft.aulast=Braudrick&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; debris; fluid dynamics; flume studies; logjams; physical models; rates; stream transport; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibrating a soil water and energy budget model with remotely sensed data to obtain quantitative information about the soil AN - 50168576; 1997-069084 AB - A soil water energy and transpiration model (SWEAT) coupled with a microwave emission model (MICRO-SWEAT) was used to predict the microwave brightness temperature of both bare and corn plots during a drying cycle. The predicted microwave brightness temperatures compared favorably to measurements made with an L band (21 cm, 1.4 GHz) passive microwave radiometer. In addition, SWEAT successfully modeled time series of soil water content and soil temperature. The modeled brightness temperature for the bare soil was most sensitive to the parameters describing the soil water retention and conductivity characteristics. These were predicted by varying each parameter in turn until there was a minimum between the measured and modeled brightness temperature. The predicted parameters were in agreement with the measured values to within the experimental error. The microwave brightness temperatures estimated for the corn soil were sensitive to the vegetation parameters as well as to the soil hydraulic properties. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Burke, Eleanor J AU - Gurney, Robert J AU - Simmonds, Lester P AU - Jackson, Thomas J Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 1689 EP - 1697 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - vegetation KW - temperature KW - microwave methods KW - brightness KW - evaporation KW - transpiration KW - water regimes KW - MICRO-SWEAT KW - SWEAT KW - pore water KW - energy KW - remote sensing KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50168576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Calibrating+a+soil+water+and+energy+budget+model+with+remotely+sensed+data+to+obtain+quantitative+information+about+the+soil&rft.au=Burke%2C+Eleanor+J%3BGurney%2C+Robert+J%3BSimmonds%2C+Lester+P%3BJackson%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01000 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brightness; energy; evaporation; experimental studies; field studies; hydrology; MICRO-SWEAT; microwave methods; pore water; remote sensing; soils; SWEAT; temperature; transpiration; vegetation; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of dehydroabietic acid to rainbow trout: Manipulation of biotransformation enzymes AN - 17163246; 4449748 AB - Resin acids constitute the most important group of acutely toxic chemicals to fish in waste waters of pulp mills; dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) is one of the most persistent and abundant. The acute toxicity of DHAA has been previously determined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); however, the effect of biotransformation enzyme manipulation on acute toxicity is not known. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and salicylamide (SAL) were utilised in the present study to determine their role in the acute toxicity of DHAA and their effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase specific activities. Estimates of mean 96-h LC50 values were 1.79, 1.58, and 1.80 mg/L DHAA for control, PBO- and SAL-treated fish, respectively; acute toxicity of DHAA in PBO-treated fish was significantly higher than in controls and other treatments. Specific activities indicated that PBO significantly induced EROD response. Unexpectedly, SAL-treated fish did not have an inhibited UDPGT response (substrate = p-nitrophenol) despite residue analyses which indicated that SAL inhibited glucuronidation of DHAA. These results suggest that manipulation of glucuronidation (detoxication) by SAL has little or no effect on the acute toxicity of DHAA to rainbow trout. Piperonyl butoxide treatment induces EROD and increases toxicity, suggesting that Phase I biotransformation has an important role in the acute toxicity of DHAA. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Straus, D L AU - Stuthridge, T R AU - Anderson, S M AU - Gifford, J S AD - Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 860, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA, dlsname.com Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 131 EP - 139 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - EROD KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Rainbow trout KW - acute toxicity KW - dehydroabietic acid KW - piperonyl butoxide KW - salicylamide KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution effects KW - Biochemical analysis KW - Paper industry wastes KW - Toxicity tests KW - Pulp mills KW - Enzymes KW - Pulp wastes KW - Fish physiology KW - Acids KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Waste water KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17163246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+dehydroabietic+acid+to+rainbow+trout%3A+Manipulation+of+biotransformation+enzymes&rft.au=Straus%2C+D+L%3BStuthridge%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+S+M%3BGifford%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Straus&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pulp wastes; Fish physiology; Acids; Biochemical analysis; Enzymes; Pollution effects; Waste water; Toxicity tests; Pulp mills; Wastewater discharges; Toxicity testing; Paper industry wastes; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viruses of White Clover in Pastures of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont AN - 17163034; 4452598 AB - Incidence of six viruses was tested in white clover from 28 rotationally grazed pastures of Pennsylvania (PA), New York (NY), and Vermont (VT). Each of 17 PA pastures was sampled fall 1994, spring 1995, fall 1995, and spring 1996, and 10 pastures were sampled fall 1996. Each of five NY and six VT pastures was sampled spring and fall 1995 and 1996. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted for red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV), white clover mosaic virus (WCMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV), clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV), and the potyvirus group (POTY). RCVMV, WCMV, AlMV, and POTY were detected in 28, 28, 27, and 25 of the 28 pastures and in 67, 32, 30, and 7% of the 3,065 samples tested, respectively. PSV occurred at low to moderate levels in 11 PA pastures. PSV was rare in NY and was not detected in VT. CYMV was never found. Incidence of each virus varied significantly among pastures. For any given virus, there was not a significant variation in incidence among sampling dates within the NY-VT samples. RCVMV, WCMV, and POTY varied among dates within PA. JF - Plant Disease AU - Sherwood, R T AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, rts@psu.edu Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 817 EP - 820 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, New York KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - USA, Vermont KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Pasture KW - Red clover vein mosaic virus KW - White clover mosaic virus KW - Sampling KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17163034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Viruses+of+White+Clover+in+Pastures+of+Pennsylvania%2C+New+York%2C+and+Vermont&rft.au=Sherwood%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Red clover vein mosaic virus; White clover mosaic virus; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Pasture; Sampling; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mapping of resistance to blight in an interspecific cross in the genus Castanea AN - 17131674; 4432935 AB - A three-generation American chestnut x Chinese chestnut pedigree was used to construct a genetic linkage map for chestnut and to investigate the control of resistance to Endothia parasitica (chestnut blight fungus). DNA genotypes for 241 polymorphic markers (eight isozymes, 17 restriction fragment length polymorphisms [RFLPs], and 216 random amplified polymorphic DNAs [RAPDs] were assayed on an F sub(2) family consisting of 102 individuals. Of these markers, 196 were segregating as expected and, subsequently, used for primary linkage mapping. Two isozymes, 12 RFLPs, and 170 RAPDs were mapped to 12 linkage groups spanning a total genetic distance of 530.1 Kosambi centimorgans. F sub(2) plants were evaluated for a response to E. parasitica infection by directly inoculating them with two unique fungal isolates and measuring canker expansion over a period of 3.5 months. Results were compared with the marker genotype data, thereby identifying genomic regions significantly associated with a resistance response. Single-marker or nonsimultaneous analyses of variance identified seven genomic regions that appear to have an effect on host response. Multiple-marker or simultaneous models suggest that three of these regions have a significant effect on host response, together explaining as much as 42.2% of the total variation for canker size. At each of the three putative resistance loci, alleles derived from the Chinese chestnut grandparent were associated with smaller canker size, or higher levels of resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kubisiak, T L AU - Hebard, F V AU - Nelson, C D AU - Zhang, J AU - Bernatzky, R AU - Huang, H AU - Anagnostakis, S L AU - Doudrick, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 751 EP - 759 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - blight KW - disease resistance KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endothia parasitica KW - Castanea KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Molecular+mapping+of+resistance+to+blight+in+an+interspecific+cross+in+the+genus+Castanea&rft.au=Kubisiak%2C+T+L%3BHebard%2C+F+V%3BNelson%2C+C+D%3BZhang%2C+J%3BBernatzky%2C+R%3BHuang%2C+H%3BAnagnostakis%2C+S+L%3BDoudrick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kubisiak&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Castanea; Endothia parasitica; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism for genetic characterization of Colletotrichum pathogens of alfalfa AN - 17129654; 4432936 AB - Amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to assess the levels of genomic variations among species and isolates of the genus Colletotrichum. Our objective was to characterize at the molecular level two alfalfa pathogens, isolates Arl-NW and 57RR, which are unusually aggressive to anthracnose-resistant alfalfa cultivars and whose taxa has been uncertain based on morphological criteria. The fingerprint patterns obtained were complex but did enable us to place these two isolates within the species C. trifolii and C. gloeosporioides, respectively. The diversity detected with AFLP among and within Colletotrichum species from alfalfa and other crops corroborated their published taxonomy based on morphology, ribosomal DNA sequence, and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. Similarity matrices generated with three primer pairs were highly correlated and, thus, were combined to determine the similarity among the fungal species and isolates that were analyzed. Analysis of the data generated with each of the primer pairs individually and application of either distance or parsimony methods supported the placement of these two isolates. The parsimony method of data analysis was more confirmatory in the placement of Phoma medicaginis as an outgroup than the distance method, using either simple matching or Jaccard's coefficients to generate the similarity matrices. Our conclusion is that the AFLP technique will be useful for identification of individual isolates within complex genera such as Colletotrichum because of its ability to generate large numbers of polymorphisms and the consistency of polymerase chain reaction amplification. JF - Phytopathology AU - O'Neill, N R AU - van Berkum, P AU - Lin, J-J AU - Kuo, J AU - Ude, G N AU - Kenworthy, W AU - Saunders, JA AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 745 EP - 750 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - anthracnose KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Medicago sativa KW - Colletotrichum trifolii KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17129654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Application+of+amplified+restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+for+genetic+characterization+of+Colletotrichum+pathogens+of+alfalfa&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3Bvan+Berkum%2C+P%3BLin%2C+J-J%3BKuo%2C+J%3BUde%2C+G+N%3BKenworthy%2C+W%3BSaunders%2C+JA&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum trifolii; Medicago sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of harmful algal blooms using photopigments and absorption signatures: A case study of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve AN - 16365639; 4269875 AB - The utility of photopigments and absorption signatures to detect and enumerate the red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve, was evaluated in laboratory cultures and in natural assemblages. The carotenoid, gyroxanthin-diester, was an adequate biomarker for G. breve biomass; water-column concentrations corresponded with cell standing crops and chlorophyll a concentrations during bloom events in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Unlike other carotenoids, the relative abundance of gyroxanthin-diester did not change throughout a range of physiological states in culture and the gyroxanthin-diester:chlorophyll a ratio exhibited little variability in a natural assemblage during bloom senescence. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that wavelengths indicative of in vivo absorption by accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids could correctly discern spectra of the fucoxanthin-containing G. breve from spectra of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, a diatom, a haptophyte, and a prasinophyte. With the use of a similarity algorithm, the increasing contribution of G. breve was discerned in absorption spectra (and corresponding fourth-derivative plots) for hypothetical mixed assemblages. However, the absorption properties of chlorophyll c-containing algae vary little among taxa and it is difficult to discern the contribution of accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids caused by cell packaging. Therefore, the use of absorption spectra alone may not identify the contribution of a chlorophyll c-containing taxon to the composite spectrum of a mixed assemblage. This difficulty in distinguishing among spectra can be minimized by using the similarity algorithm in conjunction with fourth-derivative analysis. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Millie, D F AU - Schofield, OM AU - Kirkpatrick, G J AU - Johnsen, G AU - Tester, P A AU - Vinyard, B T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1240 EP - 1251 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - USA, Florida KW - USA, Florida, Sarasota Bay KW - carotenoids KW - chlorophyll KW - chlorophylls KW - methodology KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Algal blooms KW - Chlorophylls KW - Gymnodinium breve KW - Chlorophyll KW - Red tides KW - Eutrophication KW - Algorithms KW - Phytoplankton KW - Red tide KW - Case studies KW - Pigments KW - Absorption KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Photosynthetic pigments KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Measuring techniques KW - Spectral analysis KW - Methodology KW - Cultures KW - Carotenoids KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - K 03068:Algae KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - K 03044:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16365639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Detection+of+harmful+algal+blooms+using+photopigments+and+absorption+signatures%3A+A+case+study+of+the+Florida+red+tide+dinoflagellate%2C+Gymnodinium+breve&rft.au=Millie%2C+D+F%3BSchofield%2C+OM%3BKirkpatrick%2C+G+J%3BJohnsen%2C+G%3BTester%2C+P+A%3BVinyard%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Millie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Chlorophylls; Algal blooms; Red tides; Eutrophication; Measuring techniques; Algorithms; Spectral analysis; Phytoplankton; Methodology; Pigments; Photosynthetic pigments; Cultures; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll; Case studies; Dinoflagellates; Absorption; Red tide; Gymnodinium breve; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of drug-tolerant strains of Pythium sylvaticum using sublethal enrichment AN - 16338278; 4301576 AB - Sublethal enrichment was used to generate mutants of Pythium sylvaticum tolerant to kanamycin and tetracycline. Kanamycin tolerance was readily generated, and mutants had growth rates similar to wild-type isolates at antibiotic concentrations lethal to wild-type isolates. Based on crosses between wild-type and mutant isolates, two types of inheritance of tolerance were identified. A high level of kanamycin tolerance was inherited in progeny only when the maternal parent was drug tolerant and was correlated with the inheritance of maternal mitochondrial DNA. A lower level of tolerance was observed in some progeny when the paternal parent was tolerant to the antibiotic and, based on the lack of inheritance of paternal mitochondrial DNA, was presumably nuclear-encoded. Selection of mutants tolerant to tetracycline took longer to generate than kanamycin-tolerant mutants. Based on crosses between tolerant and wild-type parents, tolerance to tetracycline was nuclear-encoded. Tolerance to both antibiotics was stable, with cultures retaining tolerance following repeated transfers on nonamended medium and after storage for 7 years. JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - Semer, CR IV AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 685 EP - 692 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - drug resistance KW - kanamycin KW - tetracycline KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16338278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Selection+of+drug-tolerant+strains+of+Pythium+sylvaticum+using+sublethal+enrichment&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BSemer%2C+CR+IV&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frankia in decaying fallen trees devoid of actinorhizal hosts and soil AN - 16319142; 4248012 AB - Fallen trees, recruited by natural catastrophic events, are abundant on the forest floor of many natural forests. They pass through recognizable classes of decomposition, forming a major structural diversity with many ecological functions, and providing habitats for plants, animals, and microorganisms. In greenhouse studies, wood samples collected from within fallen trees decades-old, partially decomposed under both conifer and red alder stands induced effective nodule formation in Alnus rubra, indicating that the fallen trees, devoid of soil and actinorhizal host roots, contained infectious and effective Frankia. Nodule development, growth, and nitrogen fixation were greatest in wood from fallen trees in the alder stand. Frankia is apparently able to live saprophytically or exists in spores in partially decomposed wood. JF - Microbiological Research AU - Li, Ching-Yan AU - Crawford, R H AU - Chang, Tun-Tschu AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 167 EP - 169 VL - 152 IS - 2 SN - 0944-5013, 0944-5013 KW - Red alder KW - decay KW - forests KW - nitrogen fixation KW - nodules KW - trees KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Research&rft.atitle=Frankia+in+decaying+fallen+trees+devoid+of+actinorhizal+hosts+and+soil&rft.au=Li%2C+Ching-Yan%3BCrawford%2C+R+H%3BChang%2C+Tun-Tschu&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ching-Yan&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+Research&rft.issn=09445013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum on black walnut AN - 16317752; 4255004 AB - Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum is killing butternut (Juglans cinerea) throughout North America. Although black walnut (J. nigra) and other Juglans spp. can be infected with artificial inoculations (2), butternut previously was thought to be the only known natural host. In May 1985, a black walnut, 48 cm in diameter with multiple elliptical cankers on the main stem and lower branches, was found by R. L. Anderson in North Carolina. No fruit bodies were present but isolation from cankers characteristic of those found on butternut produced sporulating pure cultures identical to those described for S. clavigignenti-juglandacearum (1). A large butternut with coalescing, elliptical cankers was located about 45 m from the infected walnut. In spring 1996, in a plantation in southeastern Minnesota, examination of two 20-year-old black walnuts exhibiting branch dieback revealed hyphal pegs and hyaline, two-celled, fusiform conidia identical to those described for S. clavigignenti-juglandacearum (1) on 1994 and 1995 branch wood. Isolations from symptomatic twigs resulted in recovery of the fungus in pure culture. Scattered, naturally occurring, infected, mature butternut and butternut saplings with multiple branch and stem cankers were growing throughout the plantation. Severe winter injury of black walnut in southeastern Minnesota the preceding 3 years may have predisposed trees to infection. JF - Plant Disease AU - Ostry, ME AU - Katovich, S AU - Anderson, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 830 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Butternut KW - North America KW - USA, Minnesota KW - plant diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+Sirococcus+clavigignenti-juglandacearum+on+black+walnut&rft.au=Ostry%2C+ME%3BKatovich%2C+S%3BAnderson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Ostry&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancing biological nitrogen fixation: An appraisal of current and alternative technologies for N input into plants AN - 16317269; 4249134 AB - Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) involves a highly specialized and intricately evolved interactions between soil microorganisms and higher plants for harnessing the atmospheric elemental nitrogen (N). This process has been researched for almost a century for efficient N input into plants. The basic mechanism and biochemical steps involved in BNF have been unraveled. It has become abundantly clear that the host plant (legumes) dominates in regulating the BNF process. Environmental factors as well influence this process. Perturbation or any manipulation of the interactions between the bacteria and the legumes seems to offset the critical balance, usually to the detriment of N fixation efficiency. Not much success has been obtained in either enhancing BNF in legumes or transferring important BNF traits to non-nitrogen fixing organisms. An appraisal is given for the lack of success in making the BNF process a popular and efficient agronomic practice. Alternative physiological approaches are presented for improving mobilization, redistribution and utilization of stored N reserves within the host plant. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Shantharam, S AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Biotechnol. Evaluations, USDA/APHIS, BSS, Riverside, MD 20737-1237, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 205 EP - 216 VL - 194 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Anabaena KW - hosts KW - nitrogen fixation KW - soil microorganisms KW - symbiosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Enhancing+biological+nitrogen+fixation%3A+An+appraisal+of+current+and+alternative+technologies+for+N+input+into+plants&rft.au=Shantharam%2C+S%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Shantharam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial production of a novel trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid from linoleic acid AN - 16316807; 4254973 AB - A bacterium isolated from a dry soil sample collected from McCalla, AL, USA, converted linoleic acid to a novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9 (Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA). The organism is a Gram-positive, non-motile rod (0.5 mu m x 2 mu m). It was identified as a species of Clavibacter ALA2. The product was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, and its structure was determined by super(1)H and super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and by mass spectrometer. Maximum production of THOA with 25% conversion of the substrate was reached after 5-6 days of reaction. THOA was not further metabolized by strain ALA2. This is the first report of a 12,13,17-trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid and its production by microbial transformation. Some dihydroxy intermediates were also detected. THOA has a structure similar to those of known plant self-defense substances. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Hou, C T AU - Brown, W AU - Labeda, D P AU - Abbott, T P AU - Weisleder, D AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS/USDA, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 34 EP - 38 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(z)-octadecenoic acid KW - fatty acids KW - linoleic acid KW - lipids KW - trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16316807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+production+of+a+novel+trihydroxy+unsaturated+fatty+acid+from+linoleic+acid&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T%3BBrown%2C+W%3BLabeda%2C+D+P%3BAbbott%2C+T+P%3BWeisleder%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ascochyta fabae and A. lentis: Host specificity, teleomorphs (Didymella), hybrid analysis, and taxonomic status AN - 16315473; 4254952 AB - Isolates of Ascochyta fabae from faba bean (Vicia faba) and A. lentis from lentil (Lens culinaris) collected from different countries were used in this study. The Didymella teleomorph (sexual state) of each fungus was induced to develop and mature on inoculated sterile lentil stems. Both fungi were heterothallic, with two mating types, designated MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. When certain isolates of A. fabae and A. lentis were crossed, hybrid pseudothecia developed. Growth, sporulation, colony appearance, morphology, and pathogenicity of the hybrid progeny frequently differed greatly from the parent isolates. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. fabae caused disease in faba bean but not in lentil; inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. lentis incited disease in lentil but not in faba bean. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from crosses between faba bean and lentil isolates did not induce disease in either host. Asci from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis mostly contained fewer than eight ascospores that were, on average, larger than those from eight-spored asci. Matings among certain isolates of A. fabae resulted in production of pseudothecia with ascospores considerably larger than is typical for D. fabae. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of Ascochyta isolates from faba bean and lentil are clearly different, and banding patterns from hybrid progeny from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis confirmed hybridity. RAPD markers proved useful in supporting identifications of ascospore isolates from faba bean to known Ascochyta species. Dendrogram analysis indicated similarity between the two fungal species was low. The pathogenicity tests, morphological characteristics, and RAPD markers indicate that A. fabae and A. lentis represent distinct taxa. D. lentis, with its anamorph, A. lentis, is proposed as a new species that is distinct from D. fabae, with its anamorph, A. fabae. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Wang, B-C AU - Rogers, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 809 EP - 816 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - host specificity KW - taxonomy KW - teleomorphs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Ascochyta+fabae+and+A.+lentis%3A+Host+specificity%2C+teleomorphs+%28Didymella%29%2C+hybrid+analysis%2C+and+taxonomic+status&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BWang%2C+B-C%3BRogers%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of endophytic infection by Fusarium moniliforme on corn growth and cellular morphology AN - 16313738; 4249157 AB - Kernels of corn, Zea mays, were inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme to analyze seedling growth and development during endophytic, symptomless infection. In planta F. moniliforme distribution and seedling growth, expressed as shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and dry weight, were examined weekly for 28 days after planting. Even though no visible disease symptoms developed, F. moniliforme was isolated from most segments taken from seedlings grown from inoculated, but not noninoculated, kernels from the earliest to the latest sampling. F. moniliforme did not alter the rate or percentage of kernel germination, but seedlings grown from inoculated kernels had suppressed shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and plant weight 7 days after planting. However, seedling growth from inoculated kernels was similar to or greater than that from noninoculated kernels at 28 days. Histological modifications in seedlings grown from inoculated kernels included accelerated lignin deposition in shoots and modified chloroplast orientation in leaves. In summary, gross morphology and histology were altered in corn seedlings during symptomless, endophytic infection by F. moniliforme. JF - Plant Disease AU - Yates, I E AU - Bacon, C W AU - Hinton, D M AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 723 EP - 728 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - endophytes KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effects+of+endophytic+infection+by+Fusarium+moniliforme+on+corn+growth+and+cellular+morphology&rft.au=Yates%2C+I+E%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BHinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of biosolids applications on heavy metal bioavailability in agricultural soils AN - 16280152; 4265543 AB - Concerns exist over the long-term availability of trace metals in biosolids-amended soils. The objective of this study was to quantify extractable forms of trace metals in biosolids-amended, continuously cultivated soils after cessation of sewage sludge applications and to determine their bioavailability to romaine lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.). Trace metals in surface soils from two biosolids-amended sites were speciated into increasingly stable chemical fractions using a series of sequential extractions that were operationally defined as exchangeable (Exch), specifically adsorbed (SA), Fe-Mn oxide and acid replaceable (Ox/AR), residual organic (R-Org), and residual inorganic (R-In). Romaine lettuce was grown on the soils to determine heavy metal bioavailability. In control and biosolids-amended soils, 60 to 75% of Cd was found in the more easily extracted Exch and SA forms, but the percentage was significantly greater in the biosolids-amended soils. Biosolids applications also increased the percentages of Ni and Zn in the Exch and SA fractions. Biosolids applications had little effect on the Exch and SA fractions of Cr and Pb. Greater than 75% of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were found in the relatively stable Ox/AR, R-Org, and R-In fractions of control and biosolids-amended soils. Concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Zn in aboveground lettuce tissue, and to a lesser extent, Cu and Cr, were significantly increased by biosolids applications, but Pb uptake was not affected. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sloan, J J AU - Dowdy, R H AU - Dolan AU - Linden AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit and Dep. Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. Minnesota, 439 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 966 EP - 974 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+biosolids+applications+on+heavy+metal+bioavailability+in+agricultural+soils&rft.au=Sloan%2C+J+J%3BDowdy%2C+R+H%3BDolan%3BLinden&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=966&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall frequency and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from soil amended with poultry litter AN - 16272694; 4268349 AB - Repeated land application of manure has enriched runoff N and P in some areas. Here, more restrictive manure management guidelines may be adopted. The main factors affecting N and P runoff from land receiving manure include the rate, method, and timing of application. Of these factors, least information is available on timing; thus, the effect of rainfall frequency and timing (7-35 d at 2.54 cm h super(-1)) after poultry litter application (incorporated into surface 5 cm of soil at 10 Mg ha super(-1); i.e., 380 kg N and 160 kg P ha super(-1)) on N and P concentrations in runoff was investigated for 10 Oklahoma soils. Runoff N and P concentrations decreased with 10 successive rains, starting 7 d after litter application. Although the decrease in N concentration was independent of soil type, decreases in dissolved (DP) and bioavailable P (BAP) were related to percent saturation of soil P sorption sites (r super(2) of 0.97 and 0.62, respectively). Increasing the time between litter application and rainfall from 1 to 35 d reduced total N from 7.54 to 2.34, ammonium-N (NH sub(4)-N) 5.53 to 0.11, DP 0.74 to 0.45, and BAP 0.99 to 0.65 mg L super(-1), by leaching and volatilization of N and sorption of P. Nitrate-N (NO sub(3)-N) concentrations were unaffected by rainfall frequency and timing. Runoff N and P may be reduced by avoiding litter applications during periods of high rainfall probabilities, with these reductions greater for high than low P sorbing soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Manage. Res. Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1127 EP - 1132 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16272694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Rainfall+frequency+and+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+runoff+from+soil+amended+with+poultry+litter&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption and stability of arsenic(III) at the clay mineral-water interface AN - 16260711; 4238074 AB - Adsorption and oxidation reactions of arsenite (As(III)) at the mineral-water interface are two important factors affecting the fate and transport of arsenic in the environment. Numerous studies have concluded that As(III) is more soluble and mobile than arsenate (As(V)) in soils, though very little experimental work has demonstrated the differences in reactivity and stability of As(III) and As(V) at the mineral-water interface. In this investigation, As(III) adsorption on kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide (am-Al(OH) sub(3)) was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength and was compared with As(V) adsorption. High-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HPLC-HGAAS) was employed for direct determination of As(III) and As(V). In addition, surface complexation modeling was used to describe As(III) and As(V) adsorption on the four minerals. It was revealed that alkaline solutions (pH > 9) without mineral solids caused homogeneous oxidation of As(III) to As(V). In addition, recovery of adsorbed As from As(III)-treated clay mineral solids showed that oxidation of As(III) to As(V) was enhanced by heterogeneous oxidation on kaolinite and illite surfaces. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Manning, BA AU - Goldberg, S AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2005 EP - 2011 VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Clay minerals KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Stability analysis KW - Interfaces KW - Freshwater KW - Clays KW - Arsenic KW - Clay KW - Experimental data KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Comparison studies KW - Sediment-water interface KW - Oxidation KW - Adsorption KW - Minerals KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Adsorption+and+stability+of+arsenic%28III%29+at+the+clay+mineral-water+interface&rft.au=Manning%2C+BA%3BGoldberg%2C+S&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clay minerals; Sediment-water interface; Arsenic; Hydrogen ion concentration; Experimental data; Interfaces; Oxidation; Adsorption; Minerals; Clays; Clay; Fate of pollutants; Stability analysis; Comparison studies; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV band fluorescence (in vivo) and its implications for the remote assessment of nitrogen supply in vegetation AN - 16260396; 4240545 AB - When excited at 280 nm, intact vegetation produced two overlapping broadband fluorescence emissions; the first centered near 335 nm [ultraviolet (UV) band], and the second centered near 440 nm (blue band). Separation of these two fluorescence bands was achieved by an iterative nonlinear curve fit procedure utilizing the asymmetric double sigmoidal spectral function. The subsequent ratio of the deconvoluted curve intensities exhibited a significant relation between protein concentration and fluorescence. UV band fluorescence from vegetation treated with varying levels of nitrogen fertilization decreased relative to the blue fluorescence as a function of protein levels. These studies indicate that in vivo UV band fluorescence can be utilized as a nondestructive tool to remotely sense variations in protein concentration due to nitrogen supply. Strong similarities were noted in the UV band fluorescence characteristics of intact vegetation to both membrane-bound and soluble plant proteins containing aromatic amino acids. Pure ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in aqueous solution exhibited UV fluorescence characteristics with excitation and emission distributions similar to those of intact vegetation. Because of its high concentration (up to 70% of the soluble leaf proteins), we believe this protein contributes to the UV band fluorescence emanating from the intact leaf. In addition, similar fluorescence characteristics were observed for two other prominent enzymatic plant proteins; namely, adenosine 5'-tri-phosphatase and carboxylase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. These results indicate that UV band fluorescence emanating from the intact leaf could originate from several plant proteins that contain aromatic amino acids. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Corp, LA AU - McMurtrey, JE AU - Chappelle, E W AU - Daughtry, CST AU - Kim, Moon S AD - USDA-ARS-BARC-WEST, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 120c, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 110 EP - 117 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - U.V. radiation KW - fluorescence KW - nitrogen KW - remote sensing KW - vegetation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=UV+band+fluorescence+%28in+vivo%29+and+its+implications+for+the+remote+assessment+of+nitrogen+supply+in+vegetation&rft.au=Corp%2C+LA%3BMcMurtrey%2C+JE%3BChappelle%2C+E+W%3BDaughtry%2C+CST%3BKim%2C+Moon+S&rft.aulast=Corp&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of reflectance anisotropy and canopy structure using a simple empirical model AN - 16251559; 4240544 AB - The coefficients of a simple three-term model describing the bidirectional reflectance of vegetation canopies as a function of leaf area index (LAI) were examined for potential information retrievable from bidirectional reflectance measurements. Simulations of principal plane spectral reflectances (0.5-0.6 mu m, 0.6-0.7 mu m, 0.7-0.8 mu m, and 0.8-1.1 mu m), for vegetated canopies with LAI values ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 under solar zenith angles of 20, 30, and 45 degrees, were generated with the use of a one-dimensional radiative transfer model. The simulated reflectances were then fit with a simple model by using a least squares procedure. Plots of the resulting coefficients with LAI showed that the degree of curvature of the simulated principal plane reflectances, as represented by one of the coefficients, and the coefficient expressing interaction of view zenith angle and view azimuth angle were both related to LAI. This relation holds in all four spectral bands, including the 0.7-0.8 mu m band, despite a lack of relation between the constant coefficient (which is closely related to the nadir value) and LAI. Examination of the coefficients relating to solar zenith angle revealed a dependence on LAI. The coefficient for view zenith angle, or a related quantity, is suggested as a candidate for a bidirectional index that may be useful within the context of satellite-based vegetation classification and characterization schemes. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Walthall, CL AD - USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., 008 Bldg. 007, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 118 EP - 128 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - canopies KW - leaf area KW - models KW - reflectance KW - remote sensing KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=A+study+of+reflectance+anisotropy+and+canopy+structure+using+a+simple+empirical+model&rft.au=Walthall%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Walthall&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A soil core method for estimating n-mineralization and denitrification during cover crop decomposition AN - 16249881; 4233714 AB - A soil core method is described for monitoring rates and extent of N-mineralization and denitrification from intact leguminous cover crops (e.g., hairy vetch) as a function of soil water content. The method also allows for estimates of N-fixation in order to perform N-mass balances. Field conditions were simulated by growing cover crops in soil cores from seed to biomass levels comparable to the field, followed by harvest/kill. Soil cores were wetted periodically using a rain simulator. After simulated rain events, samples of leachate were obtained and soil water content adjusted by application of a vacuum (15 kPa) to the bottom of cores. The use of a PVC/silica filter (bubble point = 30 kPa) allowed for cores to be drained to field capacity without pulling ambient air through the soil. N-fixation (before harvest/kill) and N-mineralization (after harvest/kill) were determined by comparing NO super(-) sub(3) leached from vetch with fallow cores. Denitrification was determined by periodically sealing cores, injecting and recirculating acetylene throughout cores, and quantifying N sub(2)O production after 48 h. Preliminary experiments with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) indicate that plants are reasonably efficient at taking up soil NO super(-) sub(3), intact roots decompose fairly rapidly in soil (<6 weeks), and there is potential for substantial losses of soil NO super(-) sub(3) as a result of denitrification at soil water contents greater than or equal to 70%. JF - Soil Science AU - Shelton AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - McCarty, G W AU - Isensee, A R AD - Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Natural Resources Institute, Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 510 EP - 517 VL - 162 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - biomass KW - denitrification KW - mineralization KW - nitrogen KW - nitrogen fixiation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=A+soil+core+method+for+estimating+n-mineralization+and+denitrification+during+cover+crop+decomposition&rft.au=Shelton%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BIsensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile, potential attractants from ripe coffee fruit for female Mediterranean fruit fly AN - 16244026; 4226702 AB - Twenty-eight volatile compounds from freshly crushed, ripe, dark red coffee fruit, Coffea arabica, were identified by dynamic headspace analysis techniques. Identifications were made on the basis of a comparison of Kovats indices and GC-MS spectra for unknowns and authentic samples. Of the compounds identified, 10 were alcohols, nine were aldehydes, five were ketones, and four were monoterpenes. The five most abundant volatiles in decreasing order were hexanal (21%), 2-(E)-hexenal (11%), 3-methyl-1-butanol (9.0%), 3-methyl-1-butanal (8.5%), and 1-hexanol (8.4%). The five least abundant volatiles of the 28 identified, in increasing order, were decanal (0.19%), methyl hexanoate (0.33%), pulegone (0.44%), alpha -isomenthone (0.45%), and 2-nonanone (0.55%). In preliminary tests, many of the identified volatiles attracted more female Mediterranean fruit flies than the control. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Warthen, J D AU - Lee, C-J AU - Jang, E B AU - Lance AU - McInnis, DO AD - USDA, ARS, Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1891 EP - 1900 VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 2-hexenal KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - attractants KW - coffee KW - females KW - hexanal KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18063:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatile%2C+potential+attractants+from+ripe+coffee+fruit+for+female+Mediterranean+fruit+fly&rft.au=Warthen%2C+J+D%3BLee%2C+C-J%3BJang%2C+E+B%3BLance%3BMcInnis%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Warthen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are bacteria omnipresent on Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall? AN - 16235808; 4220752 AB - Cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were examined for the presence of bacteria as previously described (F. Seigle-Murandi, P. Guiraud, C. Falsen, and K.-E. Eriksson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2477-2481, 996). Under no conditions could bacteria be isolated from cultures of P. chrysosporium. With PCR primers corresponding to small-subunit rRNA genes, no bacterium-like product could be amplified from cultures of the widely used P. chrysosporium strain BKM-F-1767. Thus, we could find no evidence of bacteria in association with P. chrysosporium BKM-F-1767. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Janse, BJH AU - Gaskell, J AU - Cullen, D AU - Zapanta, L AU - Dougherty, MJ AU - Tien, M AD - USDA Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2913 EP - 2914 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bacteria KW - biodegradation KW - genes KW - lignin KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - rRNA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - K 03093:Viruses & bacteria of microorganisms KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16235808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Are+bacteria+omnipresent+on+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+Burdsall%3F&rft.au=Janse%2C+BJH%3BGaskell%2C+J%3BCullen%2C+D%3BZapanta%2C+L%3BDougherty%2C+MJ%3BTien%2C+M&rft.aulast=Janse&rft.aufirst=BJH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage and cover crop effects on cyanazine adsorption and desorption kinetics AN - 16227749; 4219670 AB - Accumulation of partially decomposed plant residues under no-tillage (NT) and cover crop management systems can affect herbicide fate in the soil. This study evaluated adsorption and desorption of cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpro panenitrile} in soils and herbicide-killed Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) residues collected from a long-term conventional tillage (CT) and NT cotton field. The four cotton production systems included were CT and NT, each with and without ryegrass as a cover crop. Adsorption was determined by reacting 0.5 g of soil or ryegrass residue with 8 mL of super(14)C-cyanazine solution (five concentrations: 0.13 to 15.68 mu mol L super(-1)) for 48 h. The Freundlich K sub(f) values were higher in NT than in CT soils and higher in soils from ryegrass cover crop than in soils from no cover crop. The K sub(f) was higher in ryegrass residue (13.33) than in soils (1.77 to 2.94). The N values for soils (>0.90) and ryegrass residue (>0.95) indicated nearly linear adsorption. Time-course adsorption data analyzed by an equilibrium/kinetic model indicated that adsorption was rapid initially (within 1 h), followed by a slow increase in CT and NT soils from ryegrass plots. In contrast, adsorption achieved equilibrium within 48 h of reaction time in ryegrass residue. Cyanazine adsorption increased with increased decomposition of plant residues. The K sub(f) for ryegrass residues sampled at 5 weeks after cotton planting was 17% higher than the residues sampled at 3 weeks before planting. The CaCl sub(2)-desorbable cyanazine in two consecutive 24-h cycles ranged from 77 to 88% in soils and from 46 to 47% of that adsorbed in ryegrass residues. Two additional 24-h desorptions with methanol removed most of the remaining cyanazine. Under field conditions, the plant residues on the soil surface in NT and cover crop systems can apparently intercept and temporarily retain cyanazine. JF - Soil Science AU - Reddy, K N AU - Locke, MA AU - Gaston, LA AD - Southern Weed Sci. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 501 EP - 509 VL - 162 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - cyanazine KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Tillage+and+cover+crop+effects+on+cyanazine+adsorption+and+desorption+kinetics&rft.au=Reddy%2C+K+N%3BLocke%2C+MA%3BGaston%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating crop residue decomposition coefficients using substrate-induced respiration AN - 16223133; 4218492 AB - Modeling of crop residue decomposition for nutrient cycling and effectiveness of residues to control soil erosion requires information on crop-specific decomposition coefficients (k). Respiration of decomposing residues reflects the activity of the microbial community and should give an indication of the residue decomposition rate. A method for estimating k using substrate-induced respiration (SIR) of plant residues was evaluated. Basal respiration, total SIR, fungal SIR and bacterial SIR were measured for five crop residues monthly for 1 y. In general, total SIR and basal respiration declined for the more decomposable residues, but were somewhat constant for the more resistant residues. Mass loss was used to determine k for a single exponential decay function. Prediction of k from SIR using an equation proposed by Neely et al. (1991) (Soil Biology & Biochemistry 23, 947-954) was unsatisfactory for the five crops. A new equation (k = -6.07 x 10 super(-4) + 6.23 x 10 super(-6) x SIR) was determined using the data of Neely et al. (1991) and data from the current study. Prediction of k using the 60-day SIR measurement was significantly improved with the new equation. Predicting k from SIR could greatly reduce the labor and time involved in evaluating decomposition differences between residues and locations. JF - Soil Biology & Biochemistry AU - Schomberg, H H AU - Steiner, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, 1420 Experiment Station Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30606, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1089 EP - 1097 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - bacteria KW - biodegradation KW - crop residues KW - decomposition KW - fungi KW - nutrient cycles KW - respiration KW - soil microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16223133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+%26+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Estimating+crop+residue+decomposition+coefficients+using+substrate-induced+respiration&rft.au=Schomberg%2C+H+H%3BSteiner%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Schomberg&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+%26+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of pasture drought severity using canopy red-to-far-red radiance AN - 16218067; 4275352 AB - Reliable methods for quantifying the impact of drought on pasture leaf canopies in humid, temperate regions are not available. This study was conducted to determine the utility of the red-to-far-red ratio of canopy radiance for estimating the evapotranspiration (ET) rate of water-limited pasture during drought. The hypothesis that the relationship between the ET and the red-to-far-red ratio of radiance is not linear was evaluated. The ET and spectral radiance were measured for orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) growing in large monolith weighing lysimeters at Kearneysville, WV. Drought was imposed using rain-exclusion shelters during periods of predicted rainfall. During the study period, the ET decreased to 0.14 and 0.23 of the potential rates for orchardgrass and tall rescue respectively. The process by which the canopies of the two grass species senesced in response to severe drought differed. Despite this difference, a single non-linear relationship effectively estimated the ET for both grass species from the red-to-far-red ratio of canopy radiance under midday sunlight. This relationship may be a useful tool for developing improved pasture management strategies and for hydrologic assessment in regions dominated by pasture. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Feldhake, C M AU - Glenn, D M AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Appalachian Soil and Water Conserv. Res. Lab., PO Box 400, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 81 EP - 86 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - drought severity KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16218067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+pasture+drought+severity+using+canopy+red-to-far-red+radiance&rft.au=Feldhake%2C+C+M%3BGlenn%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Feldhake&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition and dynamics of Spitler Woods, an old-growth remnant forest in Illinois (USA) AN - 16119525; 4210380 AB - Trees and coarse woody debris were inventoried in a 65-ha mesic old-growth forest located on Big Creek in Macon County, Illinois. Based on data from thirty 0.1-ha circular plots, trees greater than or equal to 2 cm dbh had an average density of 1,266 trees ha super(-1), basal area of 30.4 m super(2) ha super(-1), and stocking of 102%. Sugar maple and white oak had the highest importance values. The size distribution of tree diameters for all species was characterized by a negative exponential shape. However, the size distribution of oaks, which currently dominate classes larger than 30 cm, was unimodal with peaks at 50 to 60 cm. Oaks appear to be declining in dominance as sugar maple increases, a trend further confirmed by analyzing crown class by species. The average volume of down wood greater than or equal to 10 cm in diameter was 81.2 m super(3) ha super(-1). According to Government Land Office records, the southern half of Spitler Woods was apparently open in the 1820s. No current significant differences in density or basal area between northern and southern plots were found, but coarse woody debris was higher on the southern plots. Observed values at Spitler Woods were generally within the range of those reported for other old-growth tracts in Illinois. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Roovers, L M AU - Shifley AD - North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1-26 Agric. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 219 EP - 232 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - species composition KW - size distribution KW - USA, Illinois KW - old growth KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Composition+and+dynamics+of+Spitler+Woods%2C+an+old-growth+remnant+forest+in+Illinois+%28USA%29&rft.au=Roovers%2C+L+M%3BShifley&rft.aulast=Roovers&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Illinois; forests; old growth; size distribution; species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks. 2. In situ vs ex situ AN - 16112662; 4207146 AB - An important question in the conservation of potato germ plasm is whether germ plasm in the gene bank, although stable, still represents the in situ populations from which it was collected, sometimes many decades ago. The answer would direct objective decisions regarding the value of re-collections and in situ preservation. The present study was undertaken as a project of the Association of Potato Inter-gene-bank Collaborators (APIC). It measured genetic differentiation between potato germ plasm maintained in the US gene bank for many years and current in situ populations re-collected from the same original sites in the wild. Solanum jamesii and Solanum fendleri from the United States were used as representatives of potato germ plasm. Re-collections were carried out in 1992 at the same locations at which gene bank-conserved accessions had been collected in 1958 and 1978. RAPD markers revealed significant genetic differences between gene bank-conserved and re-collected in situ populations for all seven comparisons of S. jamesii (diploid outcrosser), and 12 of 16 comparisons within S. fendleri (tetraploid inbreeder). The average genetic similarities were 65.2% for S. jamesii and 80.4% for S. fendleri. Possible explanations and consequences of these unexpectedly large differences are discussed. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Del Rio, AH AU - Bamberg, J B AU - Huaman, Z AU - Salas, A AU - Vega, SE AD - USDA/Agric. Res. Serv., Vegetable Crops Res. Unit, Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Stn., 4312 Hwy. 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 95 IS - 1-2 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - gene banks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Solanum jamesii KW - genetic diversity KW - Solanum fendleri KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Assessing+changes+in+the+genetic+diversity+of+potato+gene+banks.+2.+In+situ+vs+ex+situ&rft.au=Del+Rio%2C+AH%3BBamberg%2C+J+B%3BHuaman%2C+Z%3BSalas%2C+A%3BVega%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Del+Rio&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - random amplified polymorphic DNA; genetic diversity; Solanum jamesii; Solanum fendleri ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks. 1. Effects of seed increase AN - 16112225; 4207147 AB - Effects of gene bank seed-increases on the genetic integrity of potato germ plasm is a major concern of gene bank managers. Thus the Association of Potato Inter-gene-bank Collaborators (APIC), a consortium of world potato gene bank leaders, initiated this joint research project using RAPD markers to determine genetic relationships between increased generations within accessions. Solanum jamesii (2n = 2x = 24) and S. fendleri (2n = 4x = 48), two wild potato species native to North America, were used as plant material. These species represented two major breeding systems found among Solanum species: out-crossing diploids and inbreeding disomic tetraploids, respectively. Comparisons were made between populations one generation apart and between sister populations generated from a common source. Fourteen such comparisons within S. jamesii accessions had an average similarity of 96.3%, and 21 such comparisons within S. fendleri accessions had an average similarity of 96.0%. No pairs of populations were significantly different, despite the fact that RAPD markers easily separated all of these very similar accessions within their respective species. Only one of six S. jamesii accessions analyzed showed a significant change in gene frequencies among generations. These findings indicate that there has been minimal loss or change of genetic diversity in ex situ germplasm using the gene bank techniques standard at NRSP-6 and other world potato gene banks. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Del Rio, AH AU - Bamberg, J B AU - Huaman, Z AD - USDA/Agric. Res. Serv., Vegetable Crops Res. Unit, Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Stn., 4312 Hwy. 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 191 EP - 198 VL - 95 IS - 1-2 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - gene banks KW - seeds KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - genetic diversity KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Assessing+changes+in+the+genetic+diversity+of+potato+gene+banks.+1.+Effects+of+seed+increase&rft.au=Del+Rio%2C+AH%3BBamberg%2C+J+B%3BHuaman%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Del+Rio&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - random amplified polymorphic DNA; genetic diversity; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens are antimicrobial AN - 16108358; 4210783 AB - Some inactive precursor proteins, or zymogens, contain small, amino terminus, homopolymeric regions of Asp that neutralize the cationic charge of the active protein during synthesis. After posttranslational cleavage, the anionic propeptide fragment may exhibit antimicrobial activity. To demonstrate this, ovine trypsinogen activation peptide, and frog (Xenopus laevis) PYL activation peptide, both containing homopolymeric regions of Asp, were synthesized and tested against previously described surfactant-associated anionic peptide. Peptides inhibited the growth of both gram-negative (MIC, 0.08 to 3.00 mM) and gram-positive (MIC, 0.94 to 2.67 mM) bacteria. Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens form a new class of host-derived antimicrobial peptides important in innate defense. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Brogden, KA AU - Ackermann, M AU - Huttner, K M AD - Respir. and Neurologic Dis. Res. Unit, USDA, ARS, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Rd., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1615 EP - 1617 VL - 41 IS - 7 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - African clawed frog KW - PYL activation peptide KW - antibacterial agents KW - antimicrobial agents KW - defence mechanisms KW - ovine trypsinogen activation peptide KW - zymogens KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antibodies KW - Freshwater KW - hormones KW - Xenopus laevis KW - immunology KW - peptides KW - proteins KW - Q1 08326:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q4 27380:Pharmaceuticals KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Small%2C+anionic%2C+and+charge-neutralizing+propeptide+fragments+of+zymogens+are+antimicrobial&rft.au=Brogden%2C+KA%3BAckermann%2C+M%3BHuttner%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Brogden&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - defence mechanisms; immunology; antibodies; peptides; proteins; hormones; antibacterial agents; antimicrobial agents; Xenopus laevis; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standing crop and animal consumption of fungal sporocarps in Pacific Northwest forests AN - 16106148; 4204844 AB - Although fungal fruiting bodies are a common food supplement for many forest animals and an important dietary staple for several small mammals, changes in their abundance and consumption with forest succession or disturbance have not been quantified. Above- and belowground fungal fruiting bodies (epigeous and hypogeous sporocarps) were sampled for 46 mo in managed-young, natural-mature, and old-growth western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) stands in Washington State. Screen exclosures were placed over the surface of half of the sample plots to prevent aboveground predation of sporocarps. Standing crop of epigeous sporocarps was low in most seasons and then increased 30-fold to a mean of 2.28 kg/ha in the fall. Epigeous biomass varied little between stand types, and animal consumption of these sporocarps was low. Standing crop of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.78 kg/ha in managed-young stands, compared to 4.51 and 4.02 kg/ha in natural-mature and old-growth stands. In all stands, standing crop peaked in the summer and was lowest in the winter. Mean animal consumption of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.64 kg/ha, a value that exceeded the available standing crop quantity of 0.36 kg/ha in managed-young stands during the winter. In natural-mature and old-growth stands, truffle biomass remained high year-round and exceeded consumption in all seasons. Low hypogeous sporocarp biomass in the managed-young stands resulted from the general absence of large clusters of Elaphomyces granulatus, which made up >90% of the biomass in older stands. This absence in managed-young stands may be associated with the thin organic layer that has developed following harvest and burning 60 yr ago. The consistent level of animal consumption indicates that truffles may be an important and readily available year-round food source, compared to the ephemeral fruiting of epigeous sporocarps. Changes in forest composition and age due to natural disturbance or human management influence fungal sporocarp productivity and diversity and, consequently, affect food availability for animals dependent on hypogeous sporocarps. JF - Ecology AU - North, M AU - Trappe, J AU - Franklin, J AD - Forest. Sci. Lab., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1543 EP - 1554 VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Mammals KW - Elaphomyces granulatus KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Washington KW - Mammalia KW - mycophagy KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Standing+crop+and+animal+consumption+of+fungal+sporocarps+in+Pacific+Northwest+forests&rft.au=North%2C+M%3BTrappe%2C+J%3BFranklin%2C+J&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; USA, Washington; mycophagy; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogeny and classification of bacteria in the genera Clavibacter and Rathayibacter on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses AN - 16101715; 4203248 AB - A phylogenetic analysis by parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences (16S rDNA) revealed that species and subspecies of Clavibacter and Rathayibacter form a discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to Corynebacterium species. Within the Clavibacter-Rathayibacter clade, four major phylogenetic groups (subclades) with a total of 10 distinct taxa were recognized: (I) species C. michiganensis; (II) species C. xyli; (III) species R. iranicus and R. tritici; and (IV) species R. rathayi. The first three groups form a monophyletic cluster, paraphyletic to R. rathayi. On the basis of the phylogeny inferred, reclassification of members of Clavibacter-Rathayibacter group is proposed. A system for classification of taxa in Clavibacter and Rathayibacter was developed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences. The groups delineated on the basis of RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA coincided well with the subclades delineated on the basis of phylogeny. In contrast to previous classification systems, which are based primarily on phenotypic properties and are laborious, the RFLP analyses allow for rapid differentiation among species and subspecies in the two genera. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Bartoszyk, I M AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2631 EP - 2636 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Clavibacter KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - phylogeny KW - genes KW - Rathayibacter KW - taxonomy KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16101715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+and+classification+of+bacteria+in+the+genera+Clavibacter+and+Rathayibacter+on+the+basis+of+16S+rRNA+gene+sequence+analyses&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BBartoszyk%2C+I+M%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rathayibacter; genes; phylogeny; taxonomy; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) population dynamics and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 16100212; 4207311 AB - A model (LYMESIM) was developed for computer simulation of blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, population dynamics and transmission of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner. LYMESIM simulates the effects of ambient temperature, saturation deficit, precipitation, habitat type, and host type and density on tick populations. Epidemiological parameters including host infectivity, tick infectivity, transovarial transmission, and transstadial transmission are included in the model to simulate transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete between vector ticks and vertebrate hosts. Validity, of LYMESIM was established by comparing simulated and observed populations of immature I. scapularis on white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, (Rafinesque) at 2 locations in Massachusetts. Validity also was indicated by comparisons of simulated and observed seasonality of blacklegged ticks in New York, Massachusetts, Florida, and Oklahoma-Arkansas. Further model validity was shown by correlation between simulated and observed numbers of immature ticks engorging on white-footed mice at 3 sites in Massachusetts. The model produced acceptable values for initial population growth rate, generation time, and 20-yr population density when historical meteorological data for 16 locations in eastern North America were used. Realistic rates of infection in ticks were produced for locations in the northeastern and northcentral United States. LYMESIM was used to study the effect of white-footed mouse and white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), densities on tick density and infection rates. The model was also used to estimate tick density thresholds for maintenance of B. burgdorferi. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Mount, G A AU - Haile, D G AU - Daniels, E AD - Med. and Veterinary Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 461 EP - 484 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Lyme disease KW - disease transmission KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - models KW - Acari KW - population dynamics KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+blacklegged+tick+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+population+dynamics+and+transmission+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Mount%2C+G+A%3BHaile%2C+D+G%3BDaniels%2C+E&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acari; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; disease transmission; population dynamics; Lyme disease; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff curve number: Has it reached maturity? AN - 16100088; 4206676 AB - The discusser fully concurs with the author's contention that the runoff curve number (CN) method has reached maturity if maturity can be measured by acceptability and worldwide usage. However, the application of the CN number to urban basins must be done with a great deal of care, considerably more than now used by most public and private engineering organizations. Two areas where the discusser has observed problems in using the CN method by engineering organizations are subsequently discussed. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Golding, B L AD - ARS-USDA, AERC Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 145 EP - 148 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - CN KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - mathematical models KW - stormwater runoff KW - urban areas KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - river basins KW - Freshwater KW - evaluation KW - urban runoff KW - runoff KW - basins KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Runoff+curve+number%3A+Has+it+reached+maturity%3F&rft.au=Golding%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; river basins; urban runoff; runoff; basins; stormwater runoff; evaluation; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; urban areas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nested PCR for ultrasensitive detection of the potato ring rot bacterium, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus AN - 16098082; 4203247 AB - Oligonucleotide primers derived from sequences of the 16S rRNA gene (CMR16F1, CMR16R1, CMR16F2, and CMR16R2) and insertion element IS1121 of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (CMSIF1, CMSIR1, CMSIF2, and CMISR2) were used in nested PCR to detect the potato ring rot bacterium C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Nested PCR with primer pair CMSIF1-CMSIR1 followed by primer pair CMSIF2-CMSIR2 specifically detected C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, while nested PCR with CMR16F1-CMR16R1 followed by CMR16F2-CMR16R2 detected C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and the other C. michiganensis subspecies. In the latter case, C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus can be differentiated from the other subspecies by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of the nested PCR products (16S rDNA sequences). The nested PCR assays developed in this work allow ultrasensitive detection of very low titers of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus which may be present in symptomless potato plants or tubers and which cannot be readily detected by direct PCR (single PCR amplification). RFLP analysis of PCR products provides for an unambiguous confirmation of the identity of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Bartoszyk, I M AU - Gundersen, DE AU - Mogen, B AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2625 EP - 2630 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ring rot KW - Clavibacter michiganensis KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nested+PCR+for+ultrasensitive+detection+of+the+potato+ring+rot+bacterium%2C+Clavibacter+michiganensis+subsp.+sepedonicus&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BBartoszyk%2C+I+M%3BGundersen%2C+DE%3BMogen%2C+B%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clavibacter michiganensis; Solanum tuberosum; polymerase chain reaction; ring rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte proliferative responses of goats vaccinated with Brucella melitensis 16M or a Delta purE201 strain AN - 16079850; 4112307 AB - The response to a Brucella melitensis purEK deletion mutant, Delta purE201 (referred to as strain 201), was compared with the response to its parental strain, 16M, in juvenile goats. Proliferative responses to gamma -irradiated bacteria were detected earlier in strain 201-infected goats. Lymphocytes from strain 16M- or 201-infected goats proliferated in response to one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated proteins of similar mass isolated from strain 16M or Brucella abortus RB51. Data from this study suggest that some antigens stimulating cell-mediated responses are conserved among Brucella species, as 201- and 16M-infected goats recognized similar proteins expressed by RB51 and 16M. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AU - Stevens, M G AU - Houng, H H AU - Drazek, E S AU - Hadfield, T L AU - Warren, R L AU - Hoover, D L AD - USDA, ARS, NADC, Zoonotic Dis. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2987 EP - 2991 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - goats KW - brucellosis KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lymphocytes KW - immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Brucella melitensis KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16079850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+proliferative+responses+of+goats+vaccinated+with+Brucella+melitensis+16M+or+a+Delta+purE201+strain&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F%3BStevens%2C+M+G%3BHoung%2C+H+H%3BDrazek%2C+E+S%3BHadfield%2C+T+L%3BWarren%2C+R+L%3BHoover%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella melitensis; vaccination; immune response (cell-mediated); lymphocytes; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of supercooling points in the overwintering of the horn fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) AN - 16068097; 4105422 AB - Supercooling points were determined for eggs, 3rd instars, pupae, newly emerged unfed adults and 3-d-old engorged laboratory reared adults of Haematobia irritans (L.) and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Wild nondiapausing and diapausing pupae of H. irritans also were tested. Mean supercooling points ranged from -28.0 degree C for H. irritans eggs to -6.8 degree C for H. irritans larvae. Mean supercooling points of all H. irritans developmental stages were lower than those of comparable S. calcitrans developmental stages, with the exception of larvae where the reverse was true. The mean supercooling point of diapausing H. irritans pupae (-23.5 degree C) was significantly lower than those of nondiapausing laboratory pupae (-20.8 degree C) or nondiapausing wild pupae (-20.2 degree C). Developmental stages of both species were freeze intolerant, with no survival following exposures to temperatures below the supercooling points. Results are discussed with respect to the disparate overwintering strategies of these species and in relation to typical climatic minima experienced in south central Texas. The cold tolerance of H. irritans and S. calcitrans pupae was compared at 4 degree C, a temperature below their developmental threshold of 11.5 degree C and above their mean supercooling points. The survival of H. irritans pupae was significantly greater than the survival of S. calcitrans pupae. Cold injury was a significant mortality factor for both species. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jones AU - Kunz, SE AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 426 EP - 429 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - Horn fly KW - Stable fly KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - supercooling KW - Stomoxys calcitrans KW - life cycle KW - overwintering KW - temperature tolerance KW - Haematobia irritans KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05177:Water, temperature & ionic regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16068097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Importance+of+supercooling+points+in+the+overwintering+of+the+horn+fly+and+stable+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29&rft.au=Jones%3BKunz%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haematobia irritans; Stomoxys calcitrans; supercooling; overwintering; life cycle; temperature tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of Aphthona nigriscutis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the laboratory AN - 16067159; 4105420 AB - The flea beetle Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras was introduced to Canada in 1983 and the United States in 1989 for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. Life history data for A. nigriscutis are described based on laboratory studies using infect populations from Barnes County, North Dakota, and Fallon County, Montana. Initial emergence of males and females from spring soil samples was synchronized, but complete emergence for males preceded that of females. For the Barnes County population, approximately 80% of the adults were female. When adults were held as mated pairs at 25 degree C and a photoperiod of 14: 10 (L:D) h, male longevity was longer than that of the female with a median longevity of 221 and 124 d, respectively. Oviposition started approximately 10 d after female emergence and proceeded at a rate of 4 eggs per day over an average oviposition period of 109 d. Oviposition averaged 537 eggs per female with a range of 103-1,157. Eggs from the Fallon County population started to hatch within 10 d after oviposition when eggs were held at 25 degree C. Egg hatch averaged near 60% and occurred over a period of approximately 8 d. Life history data for A. nigriscutis were similar to other univoltine Aphthona spp., except A. nigriscutis had a female-biased sex ratio, greater male longevity, and higher female oviposition. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Jackson, J J AD - Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 433 EP - 437 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Aphthona nigriscutis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - life history KW - oviposition KW - longevity KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Aphthona+nigriscutis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+in+the+laboratory&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; life history; oviposition; longevity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical characterization of pectate lyases produced by fluorescent pseudomonads associated with spoilage of fresh fruits and vegetables AN - 16047190; 4098881 AB - An improved method for purification of pectate lyases (PLI and PLII) from culture fluids of Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 and Ps. viridiflava PJ-08-6 by using a phosphocellulose cation exchanger was described. Analysis of purified PLI and PLII by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis revealed that both enzymes had been purified to near homogeneity. Optimal Ca super(2+) concentration required for PLI and PLII activity was determined to be 0.5 mmol/l. The Ca super(2+) requirement could not be replaced by other metal cations such as Mg super(2+), Cu super(2+), Zn super(2+), Fe super(3+) and Co super(2+). Optimal pH for activity was determined to be between 8.5 and 9.0. The K sub(m) values for sodium polygalacturonate were 1.28 and 1.11 mg/ml for PLI and PLII, respectively. Both PLI and PLII were stable at low temperatures (25 degree C or below) for at least 1 month. However, at 37 degree C, the activity decreased 50% in 36 h. Optimal temperatures for activity were estimated to be 46 degree and 52 degree C for PLI and PLII, respectively. Thermal stability of both enzymes at elevated temperatures (48 degree C or higher) increased when CaCl sub(2) or a positively charged molecule such as polylysine was present, but decreased when polygalacturonate or a negatively charged molecule such as heparin was present. PLI and PLII exhibit differential degrees of sensitivity to group-specific inhibitors, including iodoacetic acid and diethylpyrocarbonate. This result suggests that both sulphydryl and imidazole groups are important for the catalytic function of PLI and PLII. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Liao, C-H AU - Sullivan, J AU - Grady, J AU - Wong, L-JC AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 10 EP - 16 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - pectate lyase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - rot KW - food spoilage KW - biochemistry KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - Pseudomonas viridiflava KW - storage KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16047190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biochemical+characterization+of+pectate+lyases+produced+by+fluorescent+pseudomonads+associated+with+spoilage+of+fresh+fruits+and+vegetables&rft.au=Liao%2C+C-H%3BSullivan%2C+J%3BGrady%2C+J%3BWong%2C+L-JC&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C-H&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas viridiflava; biochemistry; food spoilage; rot; storage; fruits; vegetables ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term species and structural changes after cleaning young even-aged northern hardwoods in New Hampshire, USA AN - 16037446; 4089204 AB - The effects of four cleaning practices (including a control) on species composition and structural characteristics were studied over a 31-year period following treatment of an even-aged 25-year-old northern-hardwood stand that originated after complete clearcutting in 1933-1935. The treatments consisted of: a heavy and a light crop tree cleaning; a drastic species-cleaning treatment that removed nearly all pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.f.), aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and grandidentata Michx.), striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) sprout clumps followed by a crop-tree cleaning; and an uncut control. There were no significant differences among treatments in species and structural characteristics in the 56-year-old stand at the end of the study period, except for the presence of a moderate aspen component in the light cleaning and the control. Although previous research shows that cleaning treatments in young northern hardwoods may have silvicultural and economic benefits, the impact of such treatments on long-term stand development is relatively minor. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Leak, W B AU - Smith, M-L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 11 EP - 20 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - species composition KW - community structure KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Long-term+species+and+structural+changes+after+cleaning+young+even-aged+northern+hardwoods+in+New+Hampshire%2C+USA&rft.au=Leak%2C+W+B%3BSmith%2C+M-L&rft.aulast=Leak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire; forests; species composition; community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A relative-flux-correction scheme for analyzing three dimensional data of a tile-drained agricultural plot AN - 16032858; 4096399 AB - The use of simple geostatistical tools is often constrained by data trend (nonstationarity) to characterize the spatial variability of soil properties in the subsurface environment influenced by any site-specific feature(s). Adaptive approaches, such as site-specific robust-resistant schemes, median polishing, trend analysis, etc., are thus used to preprocess the spatial data before analyzing for their spatial structures. Soil water nitrate-nitrogen (NO sub(3)-N) concentration (mg l super(-1)) and soil moisture content (cm) data collected jointly from 175 sites arranged on a 5 x 7 x 5 three-dimensional (3-D) grid network of 7.6 m x 7.6 m x 0.3 m spacings in a tile-drained agricultural plot were analyzed for their three-dimensional spatial distribution and for possible coregionalization. We propose a physical process-based correction scheme to preprocess the nonstationary spatial data of soil NO sub(3)-N concentration and soil moisture content. Using the subsurface-drain flow phenomenon, we developed a relative-Darcy-flux-based correction scheme to remove any tile drainage-induced nonstationarity in the spatial data of soil NO sub(3)-N concentration and soil moisture content prior to conducting the spatial analysis in the 3-D soil volume. 3-D composite semivariograms of relative-flux-corrected NO sub(3)-N concentration and relative-flux-corrected moisture content showed anisotropic linear structures in three principal directions. Linear models characterized by steep slopes were found in the directions perpendicular to tile line as opposed to nugget models found in the direction parallel to the tile line. Good spatial correlation between the relative-flux-corrected NO sub(3)-N concentration and relative-flux-corrected soil moisture content and their anisotropic linear semivariograms produced anisotropic linear cross semivariograms in 3-D. The 3-D composite cross semivariogram will be useful in predicting the more expensive variable, (relative-flux-corrected) soil water NO sub(3)-N concentration, at unsampled locations in the soil profile with a cheaper surrogate, the measured (relative-flux-corrected) soil moisture content. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Kanwar, R S AD - US Salinity Lab. USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 107 EP - 125 VL - 194 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - semivariograms KW - path of pollutants KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - subsurface drainage KW - spatial distribution KW - tile drains KW - moisture content KW - agriculture KW - nitrates KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=A+relative-flux-correction+scheme+for+analyzing+three+dimensional+data+of+a+tile-drained+agricultural+plot&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BKanwar%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - moisture content; soil water; nitrates; tile drains; spatial distribution; subsurface drainage; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream water and soil solution responses to 5 years of nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia AN - 16022851; 4089210 AB - To examine the effects of elevated N and S inputs on a central hardwood forest, a whole-watershed acidification experiment was initiated in 1989 on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Annual experimental additions of 40 kg S ha-1 year-1 and 35 kg N ha-1 year-1 as ammonium sulfate fertilizer were applied to a 34 ha watershed with a 25-year-old stand of central Appalachian hardwoods. An adjacent watershed served as the control. After 5 years of treatment (total additions of 275 kg S ha-1 and 220 kg N ha-1), stream water NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentrations and export increased. Soil solution concentrations provide evidence that the treatment watershed is nitrogen-saturated, which was unexpected for such a young stand. No statistically significant changes in annual SO42- export were observed, but peak stream water concentrations of SO42- did increase during the treatment period. Changes in soil solution chemistry suggest that the treated watershed also may be approaching SO42- saturation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Adams, M B AU - Angradi, T R AU - Kochenderfer, J N AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 79 EP - 91 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - stream pollution KW - soil solution KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - calcium KW - watersheds KW - air pollution KW - geochemistry KW - forests KW - nitrogen compounds KW - sulfates KW - nitrates KW - acidification KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16022851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Stream+water+and+soil+solution+responses+to+5+years+of+nitrogen+and+sulfur+additions+at+the+Fernow+Experimental+Forest%2C+West+Virginia&rft.au=Adams%2C+M+B%3BAngradi%2C+T+R%3BKochenderfer%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen compounds; air pollution; calcium; nitrates; sulfates; forests; watersheds; acidification; stream pollution; soil solution; geochemistry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineered resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in transgenic peanut expressing the viral nucleocapsid gene AN - 16018517; 4091476 AB - The nucleocapsid gene of tomato spotted wilt virus Hawaiian L isolate in a sense orientation, and the GUS and NPTII marker genes, were introduced into peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. New Mexico Valencia A) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Modifications to a previously defined transformation protocol reduced the time required for production of transformed peanut plants. Transgenes were stably integrated into the peanut genome and transmitted to progeny. RNA expression and production of nucleocapsid protein in transgenic peanut were observed. Progeny of transgenic peanut plants expressing the nucleocapsid gene showed a 10- to 15-day delay in symptom development after mechanical inoculations with the donor isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus. All transgenic plants were protected from systemic tomato spotted wilt virus infection. Inoculated non-transformed control plants and plants transformed with a gene cassette not containing the nucleocapsid gene became systemically infected and displayed typical tomato spotted wilt virus symptoms. These results demonstrate that protection against tomato spotted wilt virus can be achieved in transgenic peanut plants by expression of the sense RNA of the tomato spotted wilt virus nucleocapsid gene. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Li, Zhijian AU - Jarret, R L AU - Demski, J W AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Genetic Resour., 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA 30223, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 297 EP - 305 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - disease resistance KW - Agrobacterium KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - transgenic plants KW - nucleocapsids KW - tomato spotted wilt virus KW - transformation KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=Engineered+resistance+to+tomato+spotted+wilt+virus+in+transgenic+peanut+expressing+the+viral+nucleocapsid+gene&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhijian%3BJarret%2C+R+L%3BDemski%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zhijian&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; transgenic plants; nucleocapsids; transformation; Arachis hypogaea; Agrobacterium; tomato spotted wilt virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ribotyping to distinguish Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates AN - 16018387; 4091042 AB - A total of 113 Bordetella bronchiseptica strains, isolated from 11 different host species worldwide, were characterized by ribotyping with restriction enzyme PvuII. Sixteen distinct ribotypes were identified, and each ribotype contained five to seven restriction fragments ranging in size from 1.8 to 5.6 kb. Approximately 88% of the swine isolates were identified as ribotype 3 strains. Isolates from dogs also displayed little variation; 74.1% were found to be ribotype 4 strains. Strains obtained from the remaining nine host species belonged to 15 different ribotypes. There was no association between geographic location and ribotype. The technique which we used may be useful for epidemiologic studies in which the transmission of B. bronchiseptica, both within and between species, is investigated. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Register, K B AU - Boisvert, A AU - Ackermann, M R AD - Swine Respir. Dis. Project, USDA ARS Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 678 EP - 683 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - ribotyping KW - deoxyribonuclease PvuII KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - typing KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Use+of+ribotyping+to+distinguish+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+isolates&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BBoisvert%2C+A%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=678&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; typing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abnormal lignin in a loblolly pine mutant AN - 15968323; 4069990 AB - Novel lignin is formed in a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) severely depleted in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.195), which converts coniferaldehyde to coniferyl alcohol, the primary lignin precursor in pines. Dihydroconiferyl alcohol, a monomer not normally associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway, is the major component of the mutant's lignin, accounting for similar to 30 percent (versus similar to 3 percent in normal pine) of the units. The level of aldehydes, including new 2-methoxybenzaldehydes, is also increased. The mutant pines grew normally indicating that, even within a species, extensive variations in lignin composition need not disrupt the essential functions of lignin. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Ralph, J AU - MacKay, J J AU - Hatfield, R D AU - O'Malley, D M AU - Whetten, R W AU - Sederoff, R R AD - US Dairy Forage Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 1925 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706-1108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 235 EP - 239 VL - 277 IS - 5323 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - lignin KW - cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase KW - dihydroconiferyl alcohol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - G 07350:Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15968323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Abnormal+lignin+in+a+loblolly+pine+mutant&rft.au=Ralph%2C+J%3BMacKay%2C+J+J%3BHatfield%2C+R+D%3BO%27Malley%2C+D+M%3BWhetten%2C+R+W%3BSederoff%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=5323&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental hazard of selenium in the Animals La Plata water development project. AN - 79120682; 9212340 AB - A hazard assessment of selenium was conducted for the Animas La Plata Project, a multiple-use water development proposed for Colorado and New Mexico by the United States Bureau of Reclamation. A published protocol for aquatic hazard assessment of selenium was applied to environmental monitoring data to assess current threats to biota in the water supply rivers (Animas, La Plata, and Mancos Rivers). Hazard evaluation were also made for two proposed reservoirs (Ridges Basin and Southern Ute Reservoirs) based on estimated concentrations of selenium. The assessment protocol indicated moderate hazard in the Animas and La Plata Rivers, and high hazard in the Mancos River and both of the proposed reservoirs. These ratings indicate that the risk of selenium poisoning in fish and aquatic birds is substantial. Moreover, the geology and climate of this site make it prone to irrigation-induced selenium contamination of water and biota. The water supplies already contain dangerously high concentrations of selenium that may increase further due to agricultural irrigation drainage. The stage is set for significant environmental problems unless a development scenario can be devised that will effectively reduce ecological risks. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 92 EP - 96 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Fishes KW - New Mexico KW - Invertebrates KW - Birds KW - Colorado KW - Risk Assessment KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79120682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Environmental+hazard+of+selenium+in+the+Animals+La+Plata+water+development+project.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoremediation of soil metals. AN - 79091570; 9206007 AB - The phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils offers a low-cost method for soil remediation and some extracted metals may be recycled for value. Both the phytoextraction of metals and the phytovolatilization of Se or Hg by plants offer great promise for commercial development. Natural metal hyperaccumulator phenotype is much more important than high-yield ability when using plants to remove metals from contaminated soils. The hypertolerance of metals is the key plant characteristic required for hyperaccumulation; vacuolar compartmentalization appears to be the source of hypertolerance of natural hyperaccumulator plants. Alternatively, soil Pb and Cr6+ may be inactivated in the soil by plants and soil amendments (phytostabilization). Little molecular understanding of plant activities critical to phytoremediation has been achieved, but recent progress in characterizing Fe, Cd and Zn uptake by Arabidopsis and yeast mutants indicates strategies for developing transgenic improved phytoremediation cultivars for commercial use. JF - Current opinion in biotechnology AU - Chaney, R L AU - Malik, M AU - Li, Y M AU - Brown, S L AU - Brewer, E P AU - Angle, J S AU - Baker, A J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center West, MD 20705, USA. rchaney@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - Metalloproteins KW - Metals KW - Plant Proteins KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Metallothionein KW - 9038-94-2 KW - Phytochelatins KW - 98726-08-0 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Chelating Agents -- metabolism KW - Metallothionein -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Biological Transport, Active KW - Metalloproteins -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Genes, Plant KW - Metalloproteins -- metabolism KW - Biotechnology KW - Metallothionein -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plants -- genetics KW - Metals -- isolation & purification KW - Metals -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79091570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Phytoremediation+of+soil+metals.&rft.au=Chaney%2C+R+L%3BMalik%2C+M%3BLi%2C+Y+M%3BBrown%2C+S+L%3BBrewer%2C+E+P%3BAngle%2C+J+S%3BBaker%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of betaine on the growth performance of chicks inoculated with mixed cultures of avian Eimeria species and on invasion and development of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina in vitro and in vivo. AN - 79056685; 9181611 AB - At 7 d postinoculation (DPI) with a mixed culture of avian Eimeria species, 21-d-old chicks maintained in batteries and floor pens on a diet containing 0.15% (3 lb/ton) betaine plus 66 ppm (60 g/ton) salinomycin were significantly heavier and had significantly lower feed conversion ratios and mortality than chicks fed diets containing 0.15% betaine or 66 ppm salinomycin alone, or the control diet. At 31 DPI, when the chicks were 45 d old, the differences between the diet groups were not as great as at 7 DPI. In vitro, except at high concentrations, betaine was nontoxic to sporozoites of Eimeria tenella or Eimeria acervulina and had little effect on their invasion and development in cultured cells. In vivo, invasion by E. tenella and E. acervulina sporozoites was significantly reduced in all chicks fed diets containing betaine or salinomycin compared with that in control chicks. There was a significant interaction between betaine and salinomycin that impacted on invasion by both species. Overall development of E. tenella did not appear to be adversely affected by addition of betaine to diets containing salinomycin. Conversely, development of E. acervulina was reduced in chicks fed diets containing 0.075% (1.5 lb/ton) betaine plus 66 ppm salinomycin as compared with that in chicks fed salinomycin alone. JF - Poultry science AU - Augustine, P C AU - McNaughton, J L AU - Virtanen, E AU - Rosi, L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 802 EP - 809 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Coccidiostats KW - 0 KW - Lipotropic Agents KW - Pyrans KW - Betaine KW - 3SCV180C9W KW - salinomycin KW - 62UXS86T64 KW - Index Medicus KW - Coccidiostats -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Pyrans -- pharmacology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Intestines -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Random Allocation KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- parasitology KW - Coccidiostats -- therapeutic use KW - Intestines -- parasitology KW - Pyrans -- therapeutic use KW - Cells, Cultured KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Coccidiosis -- drug therapy KW - Coccidiosis -- physiopathology KW - Chickens -- parasitology KW - Betaine -- pharmacology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Eimeria tenella -- physiology KW - Coccidiosis -- veterinary KW - Lipotropic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Poultry Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Poultry Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Eimeria tenella -- drug effects KW - Eimeria -- drug effects KW - Eimeria -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79056685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+betaine+on+the+growth+performance+of+chicks+inoculated+with+mixed+cultures+of+avian+Eimeria+species+and+on+invasion+and+development+of+Eimeria+tenella+and+Eimeria+acervulina+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.&rft.au=Augustine%2C+P+C%3BMcNaughton%2C+J+L%3BVirtanen%2C+E%3BRosi%2C+L&rft.aulast=Augustine&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=802&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Poult Sci 1997 Nov;76(11):1623 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Types of salt structures in the Peri-Caspian Depression AN - 52506326; 1999-024469 AB - The structure of a unique salt-dome province--the Peri-Caspian saliferous basin--is discussed. A direct relationship between the structural features of the saliferous sequence and the nature of post-Kungurian tectonic movements is demonstrated. Spatial distribution of various types of salt structures is outlined, and their classification is given. Based on the performed studies, the evolution of the salt-bearing Peri-Caspian basin is reconstructed. JF - Geotectonics AU - Volozh, Yu A AU - Volchegurskii, L F AU - Groshev, V G AU - Shishkina, T Yu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 204 EP - 217 PB - MAIK Nauka/ Interperiodica Publishing, Birmingham, AL VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0016-8521, 0016-8521 KW - salt tectonics KW - geophysical surveys KW - salt domes KW - common-depth-point method KW - geophysical methods KW - reflection methods KW - paleogeography KW - Central Asia KW - seismic methods KW - Caspian Depression KW - velocity structure KW - surveys KW - tectonics KW - reconstruction KW - Asia KW - crust KW - 16:Structural geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52506326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geotectonics&rft.atitle=Types+of+salt+structures+in+the+Peri-Caspian+Depression&rft.au=Volozh%2C+Yu+A%3BVolchegurskii%2C+L+F%3BGroshev%2C+V+G%3BShishkina%2C+T+Yu&rft.aulast=Volozh&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geotectonics&rft.issn=00168521&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.maik.rssi.ru/cgi-bin/journal.pl?name=geoteng&page=main LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - AL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. charts, strat. cols. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEOTBK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; Caspian Depression; Central Asia; common-depth-point method; crust; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; paleogeography; reconstruction; reflection methods; salt domes; salt tectonics; seismic methods; surveys; tectonics; velocity structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field procedures for the headcut erodibility index AN - 52459233; 1999-048601 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Moore, John S Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 563 EP - 574 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - soil mechanics KW - shear strength KW - stream transport KW - erosion KW - grain size KW - water erosion KW - mathematical models KW - deformation KW - weathering KW - preventive measures KW - cohesive materials KW - dams KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52459233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Field+procedures+for+the+headcut+erodibility+index&rft.au=Moore%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - 12 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cohesive materials; dams; deformation; erodibility; erosion; grain size; granulometry; mathematical models; preventive measures; shear strength; soil erosion; soil mechanics; soils; stream transport; water erosion; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration of time domain reflectometry technique using undisturbed soil samples from humid tropical soils of volcanic origin AN - 50166066; 1997-069111 AB - Time domain reflectrometry (TDR) is used to measure the apparent dielectric number (K (sub a) ) in soils. We studied two soil types (Humitropept and Hapludand) of low bulk density (about 0.7 Mg m (super -3) at 0.05 m to 0.8 Mg m (super -3) at 0.3 m depth) and high organic matter content (about 7% at 0.05 m to 4% at 0.3 m depth). Soils are located in a humid tropical environment (average annual soil water content is 0.51 to 0.58 m (super 3) m (super -3) ). For calibration, undisturbed soil blocks, with a TDR probe installed in the center, were saturated and then allowed to dry by evaporation. Volumetric water content was calculated from measured K (sub a) values and from gravimetric measurements. Because we used undisturbed soil samples, our calibration accounts for the natural heterogeneity in soils. We tested the suitability of various calibration functions relating K (sub a) to soil water content for our soils. TDR technique underestimated the actual soil water content by 0.05-0.15 m (super 3) m (super -3) , when using the widely applied Topp calibration function. A three-phase mixing model with a geometry parameter, alpha = 0.47, fit our data best. We consider mixing models to be a robust approach for calibration of TDR technique on various soils. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Weitz, A M AU - Grauel, W T AU - Keller, M AU - Veldkamp, E Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 1241 EP - 1249 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - tropical environment KW - soils KW - Humitropepts KW - terrestrial environment KW - La Selva Costa Rica KW - Costa Rica KW - humid environment KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - unsaturated zone KW - calibration KW - Hapludands KW - water regimes KW - Central America KW - time domain reflectometry KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50166066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Calibration+of+time+domain+reflectometry+technique+using+undisturbed+soil+samples+from+humid+tropical+soils+of+volcanic+origin&rft.au=Weitz%2C+A+M%3BGrauel%2C+W+T%3BKeller%2C+M%3BVeldkamp%2C+E&rft.aulast=Weitz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F96WR03956 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - calibration; Central America; Costa Rica; electrical methods; geophysical methods; Hapludands; humid environment; Humitropepts; La Selva Costa Rica; soils; terrestrial environment; time domain reflectometry; tropical environment; unsaturated zone; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96WR03956 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal root endophytes in fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens, on arid rangelands of southwestern USA AN - 17196651; 4480327 AB - This research was conducted to determine the nature and incidence of fungal root endophytes on fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Root cortex cells of fourwing saltbush in arid rangelands of the southwestern United States were analyzed and found to be regularly colonized with three types of endophytic fungi: septate, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), and Chytridiomycetes. Septate fungi were 2.7 times more prevalent than VAM and formed intimate non-pathogenic associations characterized by inter- and intracellular hyphae, coils, microsclerotia, and occasional labyrinthine or "Hartig net" structures similar to those affiliated with ectendomy-corrhizae. External hyphae formed intimate associations with soil and sand particles. Typically, VAM were characterized by hyphae, vesicles, and (at times) coils. VAM were 2.2 times more prevalent than chytrids. Chytrids were rather common and were expressed as resting and active sporangia found within root cortex cells. The widespread occurrence of these non-destructive fungal associations with plants implies that they have an important role in plant survival in arid environments. JF - Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation AU - Barrow, J R AU - Havstad, K M AU - McCaslin, B D AD - USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, Box 30003, NMSU, Dept. 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0890-3069, 0890-3069 KW - USA, Southwest KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Endophytes KW - Fungi KW - Arid environments KW - Roots KW - Atriplex canescens KW - Species composition KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17196651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arid+Soil+Research+and+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Fungal+root+endophytes+in+fourwing+saltbush%2C+Atriplex+canescens%2C+on+arid+rangelands+of+southwestern+USA&rft.au=Barrow%2C+J+R%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BMcCaslin%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arid+Soil+Research+and+Rehabilitation&rft.issn=08903069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atriplex canescens; Fungi; Arid environments; Endophytes; Species composition; Roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction Analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Toxins with Two Aminopeptidases from Gypsy Moth Midgut Brush Border Membranes AN - 16557076; 4376679 AB - A 100 kDa aminopeptidase N isolated from Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larval midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) has previously been reported to function as a surface binding protein for the entomocidal protein toxin Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis. Fractionation of detergent-solubilized, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-digested BBMV membrane proteins by ion-exchange chromatography revealed two distinct peaks of aminopeptidase activity from which two proteins, APN-1 and APN-2, were purified. Western blot immunoanalysis revealed that the previously reported 100 kDa APN (APN-1 in this study) was antigenically distinct from the newly identified 105 kDa APN-2. Both ligand blots and Cry1Ac-Sepharose affinity chromatography revealed that only APN-1 was able to bind Cry1Ac. The narrow specificity and kinetic binding characteristics of APN-1 for Cry1Ac were determined using a surface plasmon resonance-based optical biosensor. APN-1 from the gypsy moth possessed a single Cry1Ac toxin-binding site and did not interact with either Cry1Aa or Cry1Ab. The association and dissociation rate constants of Cry1Ac and APN-1 were determined to be 7.2 x 10 super(4) Ms super(-1) and 2.3 x 10 super(-3) s super(-1), respectively, with an apparent affinity constant of 3.2 x 10 super(-8) M. Toxin binding to APN-1 was directly inhibited with N-acetylgalactosamine, suggesting that this aminosugar forms an integral part of the binding site. The absence of recognition of all Cry toxins by APN-2 suggests that either APN-2 recognizes an untested subclass of Cry toxins, or alternatively, not all APN molecules in larval midguts serve to function as toxin-binding proteins. JF - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AU - Valaitis AU - Mazza, A AU - Brousseau, R AU - Masson, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA, /s=a.valaitis/ou=s24105a@mhs-fswa.attmail.com Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 529 EP - 539 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - Cry1A protein KW - aminopeptidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Brush border membranes KW - Pathogenicity KW - Midgut KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16557076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Interaction+Analyses+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+Cry1A+Toxins+with+Two+Aminopeptidases+from+Gypsy+Moth+Midgut+Brush+Border+Membranes&rft.au=Valaitis%3BMazza%2C+A%3BBrousseau%2C+R%3BMasson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Valaitis&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Lymantria dispar; Biological control; Pathogenicity; Enzymatic activity; Brush border membranes; Midgut ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RAPD analysis of somaclonal variants derived from embryo callus cultures of peach AN - 16470423; 4336642 AB - Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] regenerants from cv 'Sunhigh' embryo no. 156, regenerants obtained from cv 'Redhaven' embryo no. 30, and two peach cultivars 'Sunhigh' and 'Redhaven', were screened for polymorphic RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers with up to 60 10-mer primers. Although 35 primers produced results with scoreable bands, only 10 of the primers revealed polymorphism for regenerants of embryo no. 156 and cv 'Sunhigh', and 1 revealed a low level of polymorphism for regenerants of embryo no. 30 and cv 'Redhaven'. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using RAPD markers to identify somaclonal variants of peach and provides evidence for the existence of genetic differences among these variants. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Hashmi, G AU - Huettel, R AU - Meyer, R AU - Krusberg, L AU - Hammerschlag, V AD - Plant Molecular Biology, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 624 EP - 627 VL - 16 IS - 9 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Peach KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16470423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=RAPD+analysis+of+somaclonal+variants+derived+from+embryo+callus+cultures+of+peach&rft.au=Hashmi%2C+G%3BHuettel%2C+R%3BMeyer%2C+R%3BKrusberg%2C+L%3BHammerschlag%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hashmi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extrafloral nectar, honeydew, and sucrose effects on searching behavior and efficiency of Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in cotton AN - 16457188; 4349258 AB - The influence of extrafloral nectar, sucrose, or whitefly honeydew on host- and food-searching behavior of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) females was investigated. Retention time, parasitization rate, time allocation to host damaged leaves and time interval between subsequent host attacks were compared in different cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., patch treatments containing Heliocoverpa zea (Boddie) hosts. Parasitoids that were starved for 2 d before release to patches with either sucrose or extrafloral nectar showed longer retention times and higher rates of parasitization than those not able to feed. The presence of food in the patch increased the time allocated to damaged leaves, but did not reduce the time interval between host attacks. Parasitoids that fed in patches with honeydew showed a similar performance to parasitoids in patches without any food, probably as a result of the relatively low quantity and quality of this food source for M. croceipes. The initial and subsequent detectability of different food sources was also investigated. More parasitoids found extrafloral nectar than sucrose in a first release. However, in a subsequent release, nectar and sucrose were found equally fast. Therefore, parasitoids showed an innate attraction to extrafloral nectar, whereas learning may have influenced orientation to sucrose. The importance and use of cotton extrafloral nectar as food source for adult parasitoids and the means of using extrafloral nectar as part of a pest management strategy in biological control are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Stapel, JO AU - Cortesero, A M AU - De Moraes, CM AU - Tumlinson, J H AU - Lewis, W J AD - Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 617 EP - 623 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Bollworm KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Corn earworm KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Underwings KW - honeydew KW - host searching behavior KW - nectar KW - sucrose KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16457188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Extrafloral+nectar%2C+honeydew%2C+and+sucrose+effects+on+searching+behavior+and+efficiency+of+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+in+cotton&rft.au=Stapel%2C+JO%3BCortesero%2C+A+M%3BDe+Moraes%2C+CM%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Stapel&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) to volatiles from avian fecal material AN - 16454309; 4349253 AB - Flight tunnel bioassays confirmed attraction of female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), to volatiles from aqueous solutions of avian fecal material and methanol extracts of avian fecal material. Attraction was highest to freshly prepared and 72-h-old solutions of crude material. In direct comparisons between aqueous solutions of crude material and weight-equivalent amounts of methanol extract, more females were captured in response to volatiles from crude material in tests of 0-, 24- and 72-h-old solutions. Ammonia release rate was greater from the crude material than from the methanol extract in tests of 0-, 24- and 48-h-old solutions, The greatest amount ( plus or minus sd) of ammonia was released from freshly prepared aqueous solutions of crude material (777 plus or minus 250 mu g/h from 75 mg of crude material) but dropped within 24 h (288 plus or minus 96 mu g/h from 75 mg of crude material) and then stayed close to that level. The greatest amount of ammonia released from methanol extracts was obtained from freshly prepared solutions (229 plus or minus 70 mu g/h from 75 mg crude material weight equivalent), also dropped within 24 h (98 plus or minus 12 mu g/h from 75 mg crude material weight equivalent) and then stayed fairly constant. Numbers of flies captured by either solution were directly correlated with ammonia release within the first 48 h of testing only, indicating that ammonia was partially or wholly responsible for attraction to the crude material during the first 48 h of testing. An increase in capture of females by volatiles from avian fecal material after 72 h in aqueous solution, which was observed in all tests, indicates that some chemical(s), other than ammonia, remain to be identified that are involved in fruit fly attraction. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Epsky, N D AU - Dueben, B D AU - Heath, R R AU - Lauzon, C R AU - Prokopy, R J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 270 EP - 277 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Aves KW - Birds KW - Caribbean fruit fly KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - attraction KW - feces KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16454309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+Anastrepha+suspensa+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+volatiles+from+avian+fecal+material&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BDueben%2C+B+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BLauzon%2C+C+R%3BProkopy%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storm water discharge regulations affecting the eastern forest products industry AN - 16436084; 4339357 AB - Storm water runoff or discharge is a major source of water pollution. In an effort to reduce this pollution, the Federal Clean Water Act was amended in 1987 to establish a compressive framework for the development of state and federal storm discharge permits. This paper 1) examines the evolution, costs, and requirements of these permits for wood products industries; 2) contrasts specific permit requirements for sawmills versus chromium copper arsenic treating facilities in the Eastern United States; and 3) examines how forest industry trade associations have reacted to the implementation of these regulations. The analysis is based on permits and other documentation obtained for state and federal agencies. These items were analyzed using an identical set of questions. Examination of the resulting data found considerable variation in permit cost and requirements. While some states have extremely low-cost permitting processes, other states have expensive processes. Further, there was considerable variation in monitoring requirements between states. The variations in monitoring requirements appear to be the result of different priorities and varying levels of human and financial resources and the continual evolution of federal regulations. Industry associations have worked with governmental agencies in establishing permit requirements but have been frustrated with the confusion and uncertainty that occurred during the development of federal guidelines. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Luppold, W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Expt. Sta., 241 Mercer Springs Rd., Princeton, WV 24740, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 32 EP - 38 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - State regulations KW - Freshwater KW - Pollution legislation KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Economics KW - Permits KW - Industrial pollution KW - Forestry KW - Marine KW - Federal regulations KW - Forest industry KW - Lumber industry KW - Brackish KW - Wood KW - USA, East KW - Environmental legislation KW - Clean Water Act KW - Legislation KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16436084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.atitle=Storm+water+discharge+regulations+affecting+the+eastern+forest+products+industry&rft.au=Luppold%2C+W&rft.aulast=Luppold&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.issn=00157473&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Forest industry; Economics; Wood; Permits; Environmental legislation; Pollution legislation; Legislation; Pollution control; Federal regulations; State regulations; Lumber industry; Clean Water Act; Industrial pollution; Forestry; USA, East; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from apple roots and orchard soils AN - 16344863; 4266293 AB - Rhizoctonia spp. were isolated from the roots of apple trees and associated soil collected in orchards located near Moxee, Quincy, East Wenatchee, and Wenatchee, WA. The anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from apple were determined by hyphal anastomosis with tester strains on 2% water agar and, where warranted, sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and restriction analysis of an amplified fragment from the 28S ribosomal RNA gene were used to corroborate these identifications. The dominant AG of R. solani isolated from the Moxee and East Wenatchee orchards were AG 5 and AG 6, respectively. Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. were recovered from apple roots at three of four orchards surveyed and included isolates of AG-A, -G, -I, -J, and -Q. In artificial inoculations, isolates of R. solani AG 5 and AG 6 caused extensive root rot and death of 2- to 20-week-old apple transplants, providing evidence that isolates of R. solani AG 6 can be highly virulent and do not merely exist as saprophytes. The effect of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. on growth of apple seedlings was isolate-dependent and ranged from growth enhancement to severe root rot. R. solani AG 5 and AG 6 were isolated from stunted trees, but not healthy trees, in an orchard near Moxee, WA, that exhibited severe symptoms of apple replant disease, suggesting that R. solani may have a role in this disease complex. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 582 EP - 587 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - orchards KW - roots KW - soil KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16344863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+pathogenicity+of+Rhizoctonia+spp.+isolated+from+apple+roots+and+orchard+soils&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic embryogenesis from cultured epicotyls and primary leaves of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] AN - 16336069; 4264317 AB - Regeneration of several varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] by somatic embryogenesis from cultured epicotyls and primary leaves has been demonstrated. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from epicotyls and primary leaves when cotyledon halves with the intact zygotic embryo axes were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 mg l super(-1) (45.2 mu M) 2,4-D. Stable, continuously proliferating globular embryo cultures (GEC) were established from small groups of somatic embryos on MS medium supplemented with 20 mg l super(-1) (90.5 mu M) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Rapid multiplication of shoot tips from germinating somatic embryos was achieved on Cheng's basal medium (CBO) containing 2.5 mg l super(-1) (11.3 mu M) 6-benzyladenine. Fertile plants were obtained from individual somatic embryos and in vitro propagated adventitious shoot bud cultures. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Rajasekaran, K AU - Pellow, J W AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 88 EP - 91 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - embryo cells KW - leaves KW - somatic embryogenesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16336069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Somatic+embryogenesis+from+cultured+epicotyls+and+primary+leaves+of+soybean+%5BGlycine+max+%28L.%29+Merrill%5D&rft.au=Rajasekaran%2C+K%3BPellow%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Rajasekaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of wind on the dispersal of oospores of Peronosclerospora sorghi from sorghum AN - 16315694; 4256646 AB - The effect of wind on the dispersal of oospores of Peronosclerospora sorghi, cause of sorghum downy mildew (SDM) is described. The oospores are produced within the leaves of aging, systemically infected sorghum plants. These leaves typically undergo shredding, releasing oospores into the air. Oospores are produced in large numbers (6 super(.)1 x 10 super(3) cm super(-2) of systemically infected leaf) and an estimate of the settling velocity of single oospores (0 super(.)0437 m s super(-1)) of P. sorghi indicated their suitability for wind dispersal. In wind tunnel studies wind speeds as low as 2 m s super(-1) dispersed up to 665 oospores per m super(3) air from a group of leaves previously exposed to wind and displaying symptoms of leaf shredding. The number of oospores dispersed increased exponentially with increasing wind speed. At 6 m s super(-1), up to 12 890 oospores per m super(3) air were dispersed. Gusts increased oospore dispersal. A constant wind speed of 3 m s super(-1) dispersed a mean of 416 oospores per m super(3). When gusts were applied the mean was 15 592 oospores per m super(3). In field experiments in Zimbabwe, oospores were sampled downwind from infected plants in the field and at a height of 3 super(.)8 m above ground level immediately downwind of an infected crop. These data indicate that wind could play a major role in the dispersal of oospores from infected plants in areas where SDM infects sorghum, perhaps dispersing oospores over long distances. JF - Plant Pathology AU - Bock, CH AU - Jeger, MJ AU - Fitt, BDL AU - Sherington, J AD - USDA/ARS/SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 439 EP - 449 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0862, 0032-0862 KW - disease transmission KW - downy mildew KW - oospores KW - wind KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+wind+on+the+dispersal+of+oospores+of+Peronosclerospora+sorghi+from+sorghum&rft.au=Bock%2C+CH%3BJeger%2C+MJ%3BFitt%2C+BDL%3BSherington%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=00320862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic properties from multiple tension disc infiltrometer data AN - 16310413; 4248093 AB - In a previous study, we showed that the cumulative infiltration rate measured with a tension disc infiltrometer at one particular tension does not provide enough information to estimate van Genuchten's soil-hydraulic parameters by numerical inversion of the Richards equation. In this paper we analyze the possibility of using cumulative infiltration rates obtained at several consecutive tensions for the purpose of estimating soil hydraulic parameters. We also investigate whether additional, easily obtainable information improves identifiability of the unknown parameters. The study is carried out using numerically generated data. The uniqueness problem was analyzed by studying the behavior of response surfaces in the optimized parameter planes. Our parameter estimation procedure combines the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear parameter optimization method with a quasi three-dimensional numerical model, HYDRUS-2D, which solves the variably-saturated flow equation. We found that the combination of multiple tension cumulative infiltration data with measured values of the initial and final water contents yielded unique solutions of the inverse problem for the unknown parameters. JF - Soil Science AU - Simuanek, J AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA, ARS, 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 383 EP - 398 VL - 162 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - unsaturated soils KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Estimating+unsaturated+soil+hydraulic+properties+from+multiple+tension+disc+infiltrometer+data&rft.au=Simuanek%2C+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Simuanek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculum density and expression of major gene resistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine AN - 16283148; 4292017 AB - Inoculum densities of 25 x 10 super(3) to 200 x 10 super(3) per ml of basidiospores from single aeciospore isolates avirulent or virulent to the Fr1 (fusiform resistance-1) gene were used to inoculate a control-pollinated loblolly pine family heterozygous for this gene. With two avirulent isolates, the regression curve of gall frequency 9 months after inoculation went from 26 to 50% as inoculum density increased to 100 x 10 super(3) spores. The regression curve flattened at higher inoculum densities. With two virulent isolates, gall frequency increased from 47% to a plateau at 97% as spore density increased. A double-blind element of the study correlated the occurrence of the genetic marker (RAPD marker J sub(7-)485A) for Fr1 resistance in haploid megagametophyte tissue and the presence or absence of galls on seedlings after artificial inoculations. With avirulent isolates at the two higher densities of 100 x 10 super(3) and 200 x 10 super(3), marker presence-absence and phenotypic assessments of gall presence-absence agreed for 95% of the seedlings. At the 50 x 10 super(3) level, marker-phenotype agreed for 86% of the seedlings. The increased marker-phenotype association resulted from a reduction or elimination of disease escapes as Fr1 resistance remained stable even at higher spore densities. The double-blind study indicates that resistant individuals can be identified from the megagametophyte tissue of germinating seedlings. With virulent isolates, marker and disease phenotype did not correlate, even at the lowest inoculum density. The virulent isolates appear to be homozygous for virulence because infection of marker-positive resistant seedlings equaled or exceeded that of marker-negative susceptible seedlings at the lowest inoculum density. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kuhlman, E G AU - Amerson, H V AU - Jordan, A P AU - Pepper, W D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 597 EP - 600 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Loblolly pine KW - disease resistance KW - forestry KW - gene expression KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16283148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Inoculum+density+and+expression+of+major+gene+resistance+to+fusiform+rust+disease+in+loblolly+pine&rft.au=Kuhlman%2C+E+G%3BAmerson%2C+H+V%3BJordan%2C+A+P%3BPepper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Kuhlman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of field-grown soybean (cv. Essex) to elevated SO sub(2) under two atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations AN - 16266701; 4268236 AB - The objective of this research was to determine the effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) and sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)) on field-grown soybean. Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. 'Essex') were grown a full-season in open-stop field chambers exposed to either ambient (350 mu l L super(-1)) or elevated CO sub(2) (500 mu l L super(-1)) levels under two levels of SO sub(2) (0.00 and 0.12 mu l L super(-1)). Enriched CO sub(2), with or without SO sub(2) treatments, significantly increased net photosynthesis rates, leaf area index (LAI; in R4 growth stage) and leaf dry weight, but did not significantly affect stomatal resistance, transpiration rates, leaf area, plant height, total biomass or grain yield. Elevated SO sub(2) treatments significantly decreased photosynthesis and LAI during pod fill stages, but did not significantly affect stomatal resistance, transpiration, total biomass, plant height or grain yield. Sulfur dioxide inhibited growth and development (i.e., LAI) during canopy coverage before any effects on photosynthesis were detected. The interactive effects of CO sub(2) and SO sub(2) treatments on the gas exchange parameters were significant during pod fill, where high SO sub(2) reduced photosynthesis at ambient CO sub(2) but not under elevated CO sub(2). Leaf area index values were likewise reduced by SO sub(2) exposure under ambient CO sub(2) during late flowering and pod fill stages. Thus, enriched CO sub(2) under high SO sub(2) exposure partially compensated for the negative impact of SO sub(2) stress on PS and LAI during the pod fill stages. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Lee, E H AU - Pausch, R C AU - Rowland, R A AU - Mulchi, CL AU - Rudorff, BFT AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 85 EP - 93 VL - 37 IS - 2-3 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16266701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Responses+of+field-grown+soybean+%28cv.+Essex%29+to+elevated+SO+sub%282%29+under+two+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+concentrations&rft.au=Lee%2C+E+H%3BPausch%2C+R+C%3BRowland%2C+R+A%3BMulchi%2C+CL%3BRudorff%2C+BFT&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Terrestrial invertebrates as salmonid prey and nitrogen sources in streams: Contrasting old-growth and young-growth riparian forests in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. AN - 16260846; 4267967 AB - Terrestrial-derived invertebrate (TI) inputs into streams and predation on them by salmonids (40-180 mm fork length) were measured in six coastal Alaska stream reaches from April through October 1993-1994; riparian habitat of three stream reaches contained conifer-dominated old-growth (no timber harvesting) and three were alder-dominated young-growth (31 years postclearcutting). Data from pan-traps placed on stream surfaces showed that TI biomass and nitrogen inputs averaged up to 66 and 6 mg super(.)m super(-2) super(.)day super(-1), respectively, with no significant difference between habitats. Stomach contents from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cutthroat trout (O. clarki) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) revealed that TI and aquatic-derived invertebrates (AI) were equally important prey. Additionally, salmonids from young-growth systems ingested a greater TI proportion than those from old-growth systems. There were trends but no significant differences between habitats of TI and AI biomass ingested; however, statistical power was <0.30. These results showed that TI were important juvenile salmonid prey and that a riparian overstory with more alder and denser shrub understory may increase their abundance. Riparian vegetation management will likely have important consequences on trophic levels supporting predators, including but not limited to fishes. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Wipfli AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 1259 EP - 1269 VL - 54 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Salmonids KW - USA, Alaska KW - age KW - food consumption KW - food organisms KW - forests KW - juveniles KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Terrestrial+invertebrates+as+salmonid+prey+and+nitrogen+sources+in+streams%3A+Contrasting+old-growth+and+young-growth+riparian+forests+in+southeastern+Alaska%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Wipfli&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geranium virus hard to identify, easy to spread AN - 16260358; 4239139 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Becker, H AD - USDA-ARS Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, U.S. Natl. Arboretum, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 22 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - aphid transmission KW - detection KW - infection KW - plant viruses KW - symptoms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Geranium+virus+hard+to+identify%2C+easy+to+spread&rft.au=Becker%2C+H&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successful pseudorabies vaccination in maternally immune piglets using recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines AN - 16255294; 4239839 AB - Three gilts were vaccinated with a NYVAC vaccinia recombinant expressing glycoprotein gD of pseudorabies virus (PRV) (NYVAC/gD). After farrowing, the piglets were allowed to nurse normally to obtain colostral immunity and then were divided into four groups, receiving NYVAC/gD, a NYVAC recombinant expressing glycoprotein gB of PRV (NYVAC/gB), an inactivated PRV vaccine (iPRV), or no vaccine. The piglets were vaccinated twice, three weeks apart beginning at approximately two weeks of age and later challenged with virulent PRV oronasally. Piglets that received NYVAC/gB or iPRV were the best protected based on lack of mortality, lower temperature responses, decreased weight loss and decreased viral shedding after challenge. These results indicate effective strategies for stimulating active immune response while still under the protection of maternal immunity. JF - Research in Veterinary Science AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Mengeling, W L AD - Virology Swine Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 281 EP - 285 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0034-5288, 0034-5288 KW - glycoprotein gD KW - immunity KW - pigs KW - pseudorabies virus KW - vaccines KW - vaccinia virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - A 01097:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16255294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.atitle=Successful+pseudorabies+vaccination+in+maternally+immune+piglets+using+recombinant+vaccinia+virus+vaccines&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BMengeling%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.issn=00345288&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epitope diversity of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum detected by flow cytometry AN - 16238436; 4225103 AB - A culture of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (F-MG) that exhibited an epitope identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6F10 was used to inoculate leghorn hens in two different trials. In Trial 1, mature hens chronically infected with F-MG were swabbed at intervals from 230 to 345 days postinoculation (PI). The F-MG isolates were tested with an agar plate fluorescent antibody (APFA) method that used a polyclonal antibody and with a flow cytometry (FC) technique that used MAb 6F10. Primary cultures of swabs taken at 258, 272, 293, 318, and 345 days PI were all identified as positive by APFA, whereas FC identified 23%-41% as positive. Subsequently, MAb 6B11 was found, which reacted positively with isolates negative to MAb 6F10. Both 6F10 and 6B11 were used in the second trial, which was designed to identify F-MG isolates that were negative to 6F10. In Trial 2, naive birds were inoculated with F-MG when they were 9 wk old and were sampled at six intervals from 13 to 154 days PI. The APFA method was used to identify primary isolation (P0) cultures, and FC was performed on P0 cultures and the same cultures after they had been passed three times (third serial passage [P3] cultures). The APFA test identified 100% of the P0 cultures as F-MG. The FC results on P0 cultures showed 34.5% as 6F10 positive and 85.1% as 6B11 positive. Results for FC on P3 cultures showed 92.3% 6F10 positive and 96.3% 6B11 positive. These results suggest that the microenvironment of the colonization site in the hen induced an epitope diversity in F-MG, as evidenced by the loss in the expression of MAb 6F10-defined epitope. Isolation of the organism from hens and propagation for several in vitro passages resulted in the re-expression of the epitope defined by MAb 6F10. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Brown, JE AU - Branton, S L AU - May, J D AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., South Central Poultry Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 289 EP - 295 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Epitopes KW - Flow cytometry KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16238436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Epitope+diversity+of+F+strain+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+detected+by+flow+cytometry&rft.au=Brown%2C+JE%3BBranton%2C+S+L%3BMay%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) reproductive responses to delayed mating AN - 16232119; 4224266 AB - Adult longevity, fecundity, and fertility of Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), females mated at 0, 1, 3, and 5 d after eclosion were examined under reversed photoperiodic and thermoperiodic conditions. Mating delays of 1 to 5 d did not significantly affect longevity. One- to 5-d delays in mating reduced fecundity primarily by shortening the oviposition period; however, females did not oviposit their entire egg complement regardless of mating age. The proportion of fertile eggs was not significantly reduced by mating delays of 50% only when mating was delayed for 5 d. Substantial reductions in fertility of E. loftini populations in response to synthetic pheromone applications would probably require that mating of most females be disrupted or delayed for >5 d. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lingren, P D AU - Shaver, T N AD - USDA, ARS, Crop Insects Res. Unit, 2413 E Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 195 EP - 200 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Eclosion KW - Fecundity KW - Grass moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Longevity KW - Mating behavior KW - Snout moths KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Mexican+rice+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+reproductive+responses+to+delayed+mating&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BShaver%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A conversion factor for correcting numbers of adult tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) captured with a sweep net in cotton AN - 16232058; 4224261 AB - Adult tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), were sampled with a sweep net and an absolute visual sampling method during the first five weeks of fruit production in cotton at Stoneville, Mississippi during 1993 and 1994. The absolute visual sampling method captured significantly higher mean numbers of adults than were found with sweep net sampling in all sample weeks of both years. A significant regression of mean numbers of adults from absolute visual samples on mean numbers of adults in sweep net samples was obtained. This regression showed that sweep net samples underestimated numbers of adults by a correction factor of three. This is the only correction factor currently available for converting numbers of adult tarnished plant bugs captured in the sweep net to the more accurate numbers captured with an absolute sampling method. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Snodgrass, G L AU - Scott, W P AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Insect Manage. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 189 EP - 194 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Hemiptera KW - Jumping tree bugs KW - Leaf bugs KW - Plant bugs KW - Sampling KW - Tarnished plant bug KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=A+conversion+factor+for+correcting+numbers+of+adult+tarnished+plant+bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29+captured+with+a+sweep+net+in+cotton&rft.au=Snodgrass%2C+G+L%3BScott%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterophil response to intraperitoneal challenge with invasion-deficient Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella-immune lymphokines AN - 16229791; 4222929 AB - The present work compared the accumulation of intraperitoneal heterophils in day-of-hatch chicks following treatment with Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (ILK) and challenge with various strains of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Day-of-hatch chicks received ILK by intraperitoneal injection and were challenged 1 hr later by intraperitoneal inoculation with one of the following SE strains: a wild-type, SE 890034-3: a Delta cya-12 Delta crp-11 avirulent vaccine strain, chi 4357; and an invasion-deficient strain, InvA::kan, chi 4420. Four hours after challenge heterophils were recovered from the peritoneal cavity by lavage. The concentration of heterophils in the recovered lavage fluid was determined. Heterophil concentrations increased in response to challenge with each SE strain but there was a lower response to the invasion-deficient strain. The difference was statistically significant. This diminished heterophil response to challenge with invasion-deficient salmonellae supports existing evidence that the initial defensive reaction occurs at the earliest stages of the Salmonella-host interaction. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 438 EP - 441 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - cytokines KW - immune response KW - lymphokines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16229791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Heterophil+response+to+intraperitoneal+challenge+with+invasion-deficient+Salmonella+enteritidis+and+Salmonella-immune+lymphokines&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with a description of a bioassay method AN - 16227564; 4224002 AB - We examined the infectivity of 30 isolates of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith originating from various insect hosts [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring principally, and some species of Lepidoptera] from the southern United States, Europe, Pakistan, Nepal, and India against B. argentifolii under laboratory conditions. Bioassays were conducted on leaf disks of ornamental sweetpotato that were infested with 2nd instars of B. argentifolii and transferred to petri dishes containing sterile KNOP medium. Using a Potter tower, insects were treated with 3.8 x 10 super(4) conidia per square centimeter of each of the 30 fungal isolates. Four replicate tests, each undertaken on a separate date, were conducted for each isolate. A 2nd series of bioassays was conducted on 5 selected isolates using 5 dosages ranging from 38 to 3.8 x 10 super(5) conidia per square centimeter. In all bioassays, after 24 h at 100% RH and 24 degree C, the dishes were ventilated and maintained at 60% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. After 10 d, mortality and nymphal instar at time of death were recorded. Of the 30 isolates, only 1 produced total mortality (i.e., occurring in all instars combined) that was not significantly different from the controls. For the 29 isolates causing highly significant mortality, total mortality ranged from 68 to 94% with no significant difference between isolates. LD sub(50)s of the selected isolates varied from 619 to 1,269 conidia per square centimeter, without significant intraspecific difference. Nymphs that were exposed to conidia in the 2nd instar died principally during the 4th instar. There was a significant difference between isolates depending on the nymphal instar at time of death in nymphs killed by P. fumosoroseus. The laboratory results are promising and confirmed the potential of P. fumosoroseus as a microbial control agent against B. argentifolii. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vidal, C AU - Lacey, LA AU - Fargues, J AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis, 34397 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 765 EP - 772 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - bioassays KW - biological control KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - pathogenicity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+%28Deuteromycotina%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+against+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+with+a+description+of+a+bioassay+method&rft.au=Vidal%2C+C%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BFargues%2C+J&rft.aulast=Vidal&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of tillage and rainfall on atrazine leaching under field and laboratory conditions AN - 16226303; 4222020 AB - Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate effects of tillage reversal and rainfall on super(14)C-atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) leaching patterns. Twelve intact soil cores (16 cm dia x 20 cm deep) were collected from 8-yr no-till (NT) fields. Half the cores were tilled (5 cm deep) prior to super(14)C-atrazine treatment (2.7 mg core super(-1)) to all cores. All cores received two rains (27 mm rain in 1.5 h, one day after application followed, two days later, by a 17 mm rain in 2.5 h) and leachate was collected and analyzed for atrazine. These rains simulated the timing, amount and duration of natural rainfall events from a tillage reversal field study. During the first high intensity rainfall event, a pulse (2.1 mu g L super(-1)) of atrazine leached through tilled cores while leaching rate was linear and decreased (1.25 to 0.9 mu g L super(-1)) through un-tilled cores. Leaching rate was linear for both the tilled and un-tilled cores during the second rain. Less atrazine was left in the surface 5 cm of tilled soil than un-tilled after the two rains. Results confirmed field observations and suggested that when tillage is reversed on well structured soils, pesticide leaching may increase relative to un-tilled soil but these effects are probably confined to the first rain events after application only. JF - Chemosphere AU - Isensee, A R AU - Sadeghi, A M AD - Plant Physiologist and Soil Scientist, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Environ. Chem. Lab., Bldg. 001, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 2715 EP - 2723 VL - 34 IS - 12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - conservation tillage KW - tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16226303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+tillage+and+rainfall+on+atrazine+leaching+under+field+and+laboratory+conditions&rft.au=Isensee%2C+A+R%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Isensee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Longevity of microbial biocontrol agents in a planting mix amended with Glomus intraradices AN - 16220104; 4223058 AB - Commercial sources of the biological control agents Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces griseoviridis and experimental single isolates of Serratia plymuthica, a Pseudomonas fluorescens parent and its lacZY mutant were evaluated for their survival and compatibility with the mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, in a commercial planting mix. The control treatments were the unamended mix and mix amended with G. intraradices alone. All were applied to 128-cell Speedling styrofoam flats and planted with the tomato cultivar 'Sunny'. At four to five intervals during the growing period (6.5-8 weeks), each organism was quantified by dilution plating and G. intraradices infection (%) was determined at the end of each test. The number of Trichoderma isolates increased slightly within 2 weeks after application and then stabilized through the end of the test. Serratia and Streptomyces isolates declined throughout the test from about 7.75 log sub(10) colony-forming units (CFU) g super(-1) to numbers at the end (6.2 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1)) similar to the controls. Bacillus isolates declined about 1 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) in the first week but then stabilized. G. intraradices had no influence on numbers of these four genera. The Pseudomonas parent and its lacZY mutant declined about 1 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) during the test with the mutant yielding higher CFU for each sampling period. Propagules of both Pseudomonas isolates were greater when mixed with G. intraradices than when alone. In these experiments, Bacillus and Trichoderma were the best survivors in a mix for potential use as biocontrol agents for tomato transplants. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Nemec, S AD - USDA/ARS, 2199 S. Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 183 EP - 192 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - biological control KW - soil amendment KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16220104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Longevity+of+microbial+biocontrol+agents+in+a+planting+mix+amended+with+Glomus+intraradices&rft.au=Nemec%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nemec&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating effects of fire on gaseous emissions and atmospheric carbon fluxes from coniferous forest landscapes AN - 16212177; 4275126 AB - Exclusion of fire from terrestrial ecosystems will result in major changes in landscape structure and composition that will, in turn, precipitate significant changes in gaseous emissions to the atmosphere. A mechanistic forest successional model, Fire-BGC (a Fire BioGeoChemical succession model) is used to investigate long-term trends in gas emissions (particulate matter, CH sub(4), CO, and CO sub(2)) under current, historical and future fire regimes and climates for a complex landscape in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Fire-BGC simulates long-term fire and stand dynamics on coniferous forest landscapes of the northern Rocky Mountains. Gaseous emissions generated under four scenarios are compared across 250 years of simulation for a pair of Glacier National Park watersheds (about 93,000 hectares). The scenarios are: 1) complete fire exclusion with current climate, 2) historical wildfire occurrence and current climate, 3) complete fire exclusion under a future climate, and 4) future fire occurrence and future climate. Model results indicate temperate and sub-boreal coniferous forest landscapes with fire tend to respire less carbon to the atmosphere even when carbon emissions from fire are included. Future climates will create productive landscapes with more frequent and more severe fires than the same landscapes experienced historically. Smoke emissions are nearly doubled under the modeled future climate and fire regime. Potential implications to the global carbon cycle and wildland fire management are discussed. JF - World Resource Review AU - Keane, R E AU - Hardy, C C AU - Ryan, K C AU - Finney, MA AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Intermountain Fire Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 177 EP - 205 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16212177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Simulating+effects+of+fire+on+gaseous+emissions+and+atmospheric+carbon+fluxes+from+coniferous+forest+landscapes&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BHardy%2C+C+C%3BRyan%2C+K+C%3BFinney%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutual exclusion by dolichoderine ants on a rich food source AN - 16119520; 4209117 AB - Some species of ants recruit rapidly to rich food sources and may exclude other species from that food source. These ant species interfere with other ant species by using chemical repellents or by physical means. We studied the ants on flowers and fruits of yucca in fifteen 0.5 ha plots on the Jornada Experimental Range, 26 km N of Las Cruces, NM. We identified and recorded the species of all ants on the fruits and flowers of each yucca within a plot. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Van Zee, JW AU - Whitford, W G AU - Smith, W E AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Exp. Range, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 229 EP - 231 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ants KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, New Mexico KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - Yucca elata KW - species composition KW - interspecific relationships KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Mutual+exclusion+by+dolichoderine+ants+on+a+rich+food+source&rft.au=Van+Zee%2C+JW%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BSmith%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Van+Zee&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Yucca elata; USA, New Mexico; species composition; interspecific relationships; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headcut advance prediction for earth spillways AN - 16109460; 4208147 AB - New technology for predicting the performance of earth (soil and rock) spillways has been developed through the joint efforts of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). This technology has been computer coded, and the resulting computational model incorporated into NRCS software. As a part of evaluating the potential for spillway breach, one component of this model predicts headcut advance within the spillway. This component utilizes an energy-based parameter to describe the erosive attack and a headcut erodibility index to describe the resistance of the geologic materials to that attack. Headcut advance threshold and rate parameters were calibrated using data from field spillways that had experienced extreme flow events. The model was validated using data from additional field spillways. Results of the validation suggest that the model should provide a useful tool for current use, but that additional data and model refinement are needed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Temple, D AU - Moore, J AD - USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 557 EP - 562 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - headcut advance KW - ARS KW - NRCS KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - interagency cooperation KW - erosion KW - dams KW - computer models KW - floods KW - resistance KW - prediction KW - spillways KW - performance evaluation KW - calibrations KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Headcut+advance+prediction+for+earth+spillways&rft.au=Temple%2C+D%3BMoore%2C+J&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - performance evaluation; prediction; spillways; floods; erosion; dams; interagency cooperation; computer models; calibrations; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential requirements of two insect cell lines for growth in serum-free medium AN - 16106239; 4204907 AB - The development of a serum-free medium that supports the growth of cells from a Spodoptera frugiperda and a Lymantria dispar cell line is reported. A yeast hydrolysate provided the B-vitamin complex, and a combination of a meat hydrolysate and tryptose provided most of the free amino acids required for cell growth. Supplemental cystine and methionine were required to achieve maximum cell growth. The serum or serum replacements used in earlier formulations were replaced with commercial lipid preparations and increased levels of iron salts. Although the cell growth cycle had a somewhat extended lag phase and the population doubling time of the S. frugiperda cells was longer than on serum-containing medium, the saturation densities were much higher. Spodoptera cells grown in this medium replicated the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus well, producing 8.71 x 10 super(6) TCID sub(50) extracellular virus and 4.4 x 10 super(8) polyhedra/ml culture. The specific activity of the polyhedra was somewhat less than that of polyhedra produced in insects. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Vaughn, J L AU - Fan, F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 479 EP - 482 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Fall armyworm KW - serum-free media KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Autographa californica KW - media (culture) KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - cell lines KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Differential+requirements+of+two+insect+cell+lines+for+growth+in+serum-free+medium&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+J+L%3BFan%2C+F&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - media (culture); cell lines; Spodoptera frugiperda; Autographa californica; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid and sensitive detection of Xanthomonas fragariae by simple alkaline DNA extraction and the polymerase chain reaction AN - 16099575; 4203277 AB - Methods for DNA preparation from Xanthomonas fragariae in infected or artificially contaminated strawberry plants were compared in diagnostic assays using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The bacterium was detected using PCR with primers specific to a region of its hrp gene. Sensitivity of detection was 1.25 x 10 super(3) CFU ml super(-1) using DNA from bacterial suspensions prepared by an alkali extraction method. This was 10-fold more sensitive than DNA extraction by boiling, and was equal to that in which DNA was prepared by a more involved cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) procedure. Sensitivity of detection from artificially contaminated strawberry tissues was 10-fold less than that from cell suspensions. The results indicated that a rapid and simple method of alkali DNA sample preparation is applicable for the sensitive and reliable detection of X. fragariae and possibly other plant pathogenic bacteria. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Zhang, S AU - Goodwin, PH AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 267 EP - 270 VL - 145 IS - 5-6 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - hrp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - bioassays KW - alkalis KW - Fragaria ananassa KW - Xanthomonas fragariae KW - DNA KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16099575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Rapid+and+sensitive+detection+of+Xanthomonas+fragariae+by+simple+alkaline+DNA+extraction+and+the+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Zhang%2C+S%3BGoodwin%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas fragariae; Fragaria ananassa; polymerase chain reaction; bioassays; DNA; alkalis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acidic deposition, cation mobilization, and biochemical indicators of stress in healthy red spruce AN - 16098467; 4203777 AB - Dendrochemical and biochemical markers link stress in apparently healthy red spruce frees (Picea rubens) to acidic deposition. Acidic deposition to spruce forests of the northeastern USA increased sharply during the 1960s. Previous reports related visible damage of trees at high elevations to root and soil processes. In this report, dendrochemical and foliar biochemical markers indicate perturbations in biological processes in healthy red spruce trees across the northeastern USA. Previous research on the dendrochemistry of red spruce stemwood indicated that under uniform environmental conditions, stemwood concentrations of Ca and Mg decreased with increasing radial distance from the pith. For nine forest locations, frequency analysis shows that 28 and 52% of samples of red spruce stemwood formed in the 1960s are enriched in Ca and Mg, respectively, relative to wood formed prior to and after the 1960s. This enrichment in trees throughout the northeastern USA may be interpretable as a signal of increased availability of essential cations in forest soils. Such a temporary increase in the availability of Ca and Mg could be caused by cation mobilization, a consequence of increased acidic deposition. During cation mobilization, essential Ca and Mg as well as potentially harmful Al become more available for interaction with binding sites in the soil and absorbing roots. As conditions which favor cation mobilization continue, Ca and Mg can be leached or displaced from the soil. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Shortle, W C AU - Smith, K T AU - Minocha, R AU - Lawrence, G B AU - David, M B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 871 EP - 876 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - calcium KW - magnesium KW - biochemistry KW - USA, Northeast KW - acid rain KW - Picea rubens KW - aluminum KW - cations KW - trees KW - bioindicators KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Acidic+deposition%2C+cation+mobilization%2C+and+biochemical+indicators+of+stress+in+healthy+red+spruce&rft.au=Shortle%2C+W+C%3BSmith%2C+K+T%3BMinocha%2C+R%3BLawrence%2C+G+B%3BDavid%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Shortle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea rubens; USA, Northeast; trees; acid rain; bioindicators; biochemistry; calcium; magnesium; aluminum; cations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertebrate use of habitats created by installation of field-scale erosion control structures AN - 16098297; 4206741 AB - Installation of field-scale erosion control structures or drop pipes is a common method for controlling knickpoint gully erosion in fields adjacent to incised streams. These structures transfer runoff water from field level to stream level through a metal drain pipe. The shape of the gully side collection basin at the pipe inlet allows small terrestrial and wetland habitats to develop with associated shallow pools that may be permanently or seasonally flooded. This study evaluated vertebrate use of habitats created by the installation of drop pipes. Four different habitats were categorized based on water depth and surrounding vegetation. Category 1 habitat has the smallest temporary pool, least vegetative structure, and is a terrestrial habitat. Categories consecutively increase to Category 4 which has the deepest pool, most vegetative structure, and is a wetland habitat. Study sites were surveyed for the five major vertebrate classes. Mean species richness and percentage capture abundance for all vertebrate classes increased from Category 1 habitats to Category 3 or 4 habitats. In all drop pipe habitat categories, amphibians had the highest percent capture abundance, fish were second, birds were third, mammals were fourth, and reptiles had the lowest percent capture abundance. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Cooper, C M AU - Smiley, PC Jr AU - Wigginton, J D AU - Knight, S S AU - Kallies, K W AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Sedimentation Lab., P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 199 EP - 207 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - vertebrates KW - habitat utilization KW - Vertebrata KW - habitats KW - gully erosion KW - agricultural runoff KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - pipes KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - USA, Mississippi KW - D 04666:Chordates - general KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Vertebrate+use+of+habitats+created+by+installation+of+field-scale+erosion+control+structures&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+M%3BSmiley%2C+PC+Jr%3BWigginton%2C+J+D%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BKallies%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vertebrata; erosion control; habitats; gully erosion; runoff; pipes; agricultural runoff; USA, Mississippi; habitat utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of zinc and copper to Brassica species: Implications for phytoremediation AN - 16095043; 4113801 AB - The toxicity of Zn and Cu in three species from the genus Brassica was examined to determine if these plants showed sufficient tolerance and metal accumulation to be used to phytoremediate a site contaminated with these two heavy metals. Hydroponically grown 12-d-old plants of Brassica juncea, B. rapa, and B. napus were grown for an additional 14 d in the presence of either elevated Zn (6.5 mg/L), Cu (0.32 mg/L), or Zn + Cu to quantify the toxic effects of these metals on several different growth parameters. With few exceptions, both root and shoot dry weight for all three species decreased significantly in the presence of heavy metals. Cu inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa, B. napus, and, to a lesser extent, B. juncea, while Zn tended to decrease only lateral root diameter. Both metals reduced shoot Fe and Mn concentrations in all three Brassica spp. to levels associated with Fe and Mn deficiencies. These deficiencies, however, did not correlate with observed patterns of leaf chlorosis. Nonetheless, heavy metal-induced inhibition of Fe and Mn accumulation may have been a significant factor in reducing plant growth. In terms of heavy metal removal, the Brassica spp. were more effective at removing Zn from the nutrient solution than Cu. The extent of Zn and Cu removal was reduced in the presence of both metals, as compared to the single heavy metal treatments. The implications of these results for phytoremediation are discussed. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Kochian, LV AD - US Plant, Soil, and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 776 EP - 781 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - phytoremediation KW - phytotoxicity KW - plants KW - pollution clean-up KW - soil remediation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - zinc KW - Brassica rapa KW - copper KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - Brassica juncea KW - toxicity KW - Brassica napus KW - heavy metals KW - pollution control KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16095043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+zinc+and+copper+to+Brassica+species%3A+Implications+for+phytoremediation&rft.au=Ebbs%2C+S+D%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Ebbs&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - zinc; toxicity; copper; heavy metals; bioaccumulation; pollution control; soil remediation; phytotoxicity; plants; pollution clean-up; Brassica juncea; Brassica rapa; Brassica napus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pre-harvest fungal colonization affects storage life of bing cherry fruit AN - 16079217; 4114109 AB - Treatment of sweet cherry (Prunus avium cv. Bing) trees with either two mildewcide cover sprays or multiple (18) applications of topical and systemic fungicides produced cherry fruit that were either highly colonized or relatively uncolonized by fungi, respectively. Fruit from the multiple application treatment had a storage life of up to 8 weeks (7 weeks at 1-4 degree C plus 1 week at simulated retail temperatures of 20-21 degree C), whereas the commercially-managed fruits (two mildewcides) were extensively colonized by fungi and extensively decayed when stored under the same conditions. Stringent post-harvest disinfection did not significantly reduce postharvest decay, and only slightly reduced isolation frequency of fungi. The data obtained in this study suggest that the degree of pre-harvest fungal colonization is a primary determinant of the percentage of post-harvest decay, and that pre-harvest colonization can potentially be addressed by pre- and post-harvest management practices. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Dugan, F M AU - Roberts, R G AD - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 225 EP - 230 VL - 145 IS - 5-6 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - Prunus avium KW - preservation KW - storage KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16079217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Pre-harvest+fungal+colonization+affects+storage+life+of+bing+cherry+fruit&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BRoberts%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus avium; storage; fruits; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of multiparasitism on the parasitization behavior and progeny development of Oriental fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16078092; 4110898 AB - Multiparasitism (the same fruit fly hosts are parasitized by different parasitoids) of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera (=Dacus) dorsalis (Hendel), had differential effects on the progeny development of the egg parasitoid Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) and the larval parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri). In addition, contact with previously parasitized hosts had varying effects on oviposition behavior of D. longicaudata and P. incisi. Progeny of each of the 3 species successfully developed in multiparasitized hosts. However, effect of multiparasitism was more costly to survival and emergence of D. longicaudata than to B. arisanus or P. incisi. Competition for the same hosts between D. longicaudata and P. incisi resulted in disproportionately large numbers of progeny by either species depending on which parasitoid the host larvae were exposed to first. Naive females of D. longicaudata and P. incisi oviposited in healthy and parasitized fruit fly larvae. However, oviposition by D. longicaudata was more restrained toward larval hosts that were parasitized initially by B. arisanus, P. incisi, or both. Our results provided a basis for better understanding of the consequences of multispecies releases of fruit fly parasitoids. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Bautista, R C AU - Harris, E J AD - Trop. Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 757 EP - 764 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - progeny KW - Fruit flies KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - development KW - parasitoids KW - Tephritidae KW - Braconidae KW - parasitism KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16078092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+multiparasitism+on+the+parasitization+behavior+and+progeny+development+of+Oriental+fruit+fly+parasitoids+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Bautista%2C+R+C%3BHarris%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Braconidae; Bactrocera dorsalis; parasitism; development; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of the larval root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in simulated flooding AN - 16076291; 4110927 AB - Larvae of the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus L. can cause substantial damage to sugarcane and citrus. To test the feasibility of managing Diaprepes populations by flooding canefields for extended periods of time larval mortalities recorded after submerging larvae under water in soil filled trays at temperatures from 18 to 27 degree C for up to 5 weeks. Mean mortality exceeded 90% by 3 weeks of submergence at 24 and 27 degree C and after 5 weeks at 21 degree C, but was only 46% after 5 weeks at 18 degree C. A model was derived by multiple regression analysis, describing the response of mortality to time and temperature. The model accounted for 84% of the variation in larval mortality. Levels of O sub(2) and pH were monitored in selected trays during the experiment; only pH correlated significantly with larval mortality but contributed only 20% of total variation. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Shapiro, J P AU - Hall, D G AU - Niedz, R P AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - larvae KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Weevils KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - flooding KW - Diaprepes abbreviatus KW - Curculionidae KW - mortality KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16076291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+the+larval+root+weevil+Diaprepes+abbreviatus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+simulated+flooding&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+J+P%3BHall%2C+D+G%3BNiedz%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Diaprepes abbreviatus; mortality; flooding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage effects on soil erosion potential and soil quality of a former Conservation Reserve Program site AN - 16074078; 4108987 AB - This study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage on soil erosion potential and soil quality characteristics of a former Conservation Research Program (CRP) site. Following tillage, the study area in Northern Mississippi was maintained in a fallow condition for nine months. Soil loss from simulated rainfall events was minimal on recently tilled plots and an adjoining, undisturbed CRP area. In contrast, soil loss from the former CRP site which had been tilled nine months previously was similar to values obtained before the CRP program when the area had been cropped for several years. Tillage and over-winter fallowing caused a degradation in soil quality resulting from the decomposition of biological nutrient reserves. The conservation and soil quality benefits derived from the CRP may rapidly decline once an area is tilled and then left fallow during the non-cropped period. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Gilley, JE AU - Doran, J W AD - USDA-ARS located at Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 184 EP - 188 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - soil quality KW - land management KW - simulated rainfall KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - degradation KW - nutrients KW - soil properties KW - runoff KW - USA, Mississippi KW - fallowing KW - soil conservation KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16074078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Tillage+effects+on+soil+erosion+potential+and+soil+quality+of+a+former+Conservation+Reserve+Program+site&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BDoran%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; soil erosion; land management; soil conservation; simulated rainfall; fallowing; degradation; soil properties; nutrients; runoff; USA, Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative prey weight influences handling time and biomass extraction in Sinea confusa and Zelus renardii (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) AN - 16073963; 4110879 AB - The influence of relative predator-prey weight ratios in feeding behavior was investigated in females of 2 species of reduviids, Sinea confusa Caudell and Zelus renardii Kolenati. Using 10-140 mg moth larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.) as prey (presented in 7 weight groups), we measured handling time and extracted biomass of prey over a wide range of predator-prey weight ratios (0.3-4.5:1). Handling time decreased exponentially and extracted biomass increased linearly as predator-prey weight ratios increased. At predator-prey ratios that were similar to 1:1, handling time was similar to 100 min for both species. Extracted biomass increased linearly with increases in prey weight, but these increases were not proportional to either increases in prey weights or handling times concomitant with increasing prey weights. Rate of consumption averaged similar to 110 mu g/min for both species. Relative consumption rate was significantly higher for S. confusa than it was for Z. renardii. We propose the concept of the major investor strategy for predators that can use extra-oral digestion to utilize relatively large prey. Major investors, as seen here, invest large amounts of time and materials in each large prey item, and they must, in turn, extract a substantial nutrient reward from each prey before abandoning it to attack a new prey. Therefore, with large prey, major investors would not conform to functional response kinetics. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cohen, A C AU - Tang, R AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 559 EP - 565 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hemiptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Assassin bugs KW - Zelus renardiie KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Reduviidae KW - feeding behavior KW - Noctuidae KW - body weight KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Sinea confusa KW - predation KW - Zelus renardii KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relative+prey+weight+influences+handling+time+and+biomass+extraction+in+Sinea+confusa+and+Zelus+renardii+%28Heteroptera%3A+Reduviidae%29&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A+C%3BTang%2C+R&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Heliothis virescens; Zelus renardii; Reduviidae; Sinea confusa; predation; predator-prey interactions; body weight; feeding behavior ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ornaments in the Diptera AN - 16073869; 4110875 AB - Occasionally, flies bear sexually dimorphic structures (ornaments) that are used, or are presumed to be used, in courtships or in aggressive interactions with sexual rivals. These are reviewed, beginning with projections from the head, continuing through elaborations of the legs and finishing with gigantism of the genitalia. Several functions for ornaments are considered, including advertisement of genetic properties, subversion of female mate choice and "runaway" sexual selection. Neither the type of ornament nor the degree of elaboration necessarily indicates which of the above processes is responsible for a particular ornament. Resource distribution and the resulting possibilities for resource defense and mate choice explain the occurrence of ornaments in some species. The phyletic distribution of ornaments may reflect foraging behaviors and the type of substrates upon which courtships occur. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Sivinski, J Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 142 EP - 164 VL - 80 IS - 2 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - mating behavior KW - sexual dimorphism KW - sexual selection KW - Diptera KW - courtship KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25523:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Ornaments+in+the+Diptera&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff, erosion, and soil quality characteristics of a former Conservation Reserve Program site AN - 16073842; 4108898 AB - No-till and moldboard plow tillage systems were established on a former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) site in southwest Iowa. Runoff rates from simulated rainfall events were significantly greater on sites returned to crop production than from adjoining, undisturbed CRP areas. Substantial soil loss was measured from the moldboard plow treatments, but no significant differences in erosion rates were found between the undisturbed CRP and no-till management systems. No-till management maintained levels of soil quality similar to those of CRP by preserving soil structural integrity and reducing losses of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with tillage. Conservation tillage systems which maintain residue materials on the soil surface may be well suited for former CRP areas which are used as cropland. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Gilley, JE AU - Doran, J W AU - Karlen, D L AU - Kaspar, T C AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 191 EP - 193 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - soil quality KW - runoff rates KW - simulated rainfall KW - land management KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - organic matter KW - USA, Iowa KW - soil properties KW - conservation KW - soil conservation KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Runoff%2C+erosion%2C+and+soil+quality+characteristics+of+a+former+Conservation+Reserve+Program+site&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BDoran%2C+J+W%3BKarlen%2C+D+L%3BKaspar%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; runoff rates; soil erosion; organic matter; simulated rainfall; conservation; land management; soil conservation; soil properties; USA, Iowa ER - TY - CONF T1 - The role of the naturalist in entomology and a defense of "curiosities" AN - 16073617; 4110867 JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Sivinski, J Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 119 EP - 120 VL - 80 IS - 2 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - nature conservation KW - education KW - Y 25954:General KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04903:Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+naturalist+in+entomology+and+a+defense+of+%22curiosities%22&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraspecific variation in pear psylla (Psyllidae: Homoptera) nymphal survival and development on resistant and susceptible pear AN - 16070994; 4108123 AB - Five pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, isolates from geographically distinct regions of the United States were examined on 6 pear cultivars to determine the extent of intraspecific variation in certain biological parameters, and if host resistance-breaking isolates existed. Newborn nymphs from isolates originating from Michigan, New York, Oregon, Washington, and West Virginia were transferred onto susceptible 'Bartlett' and resistant 'Krupen Burnusus', NY10352, 'Obican Vodenac', 'Mednik', and 'Zelinka' pear. Adult body weights, nymphal survival, and the age structure of the psylla populations were recorded over a 29-d period on each cultivar. Survival and age structure were significantly influenced by cultivar. Lack of significant differences among psylla isolates, and in the strain-by-cultivar interaction suggested that there were no host-dependent differences in survival or development. All of the resistant cultivars, except Obican Vodenac, exhibited moderate to high levels of antibiosis. Obican Vodenac was previously considered resistant, but it was found to be as susceptible as Bartlett to the psylla isolates. The age structures of the psylla isolates were composed mainly of earlier instars on resistant cultivars, although some individuals developed normally to adulthood as if they were on a susceptible host. The vigorous and healthy condition of some adults that were reared from resistant cultivars implies that pear psylla may have the potential to adapt significantly to host resistance. A population age structure index was developed to characterize the degree of antibiosis in pear cultivars. The index significantly correlated with nymphal survival, indicating that these parameters are related. The formula for calculating population age structure index is presented in detail. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Puterka, G J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 552 EP - 558 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - nymphs KW - Jumping plantlice KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Psyllidae KW - Pyrus communis KW - pest resistance KW - USA KW - survival KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16070994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Intraspecific+variation+in+pear+psylla+%28Psyllidae%3A+Homoptera%29+nymphal+survival+and+development+on+resistant+and+susceptible+pear&rft.au=Puterka%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Psyllidae; Pyrus communis; USA; survival; pest resistance; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of spider (Araneae) abundance during an outbreak of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 16070442; 4108150 AB - Spiders are acknowledged predators on all life stages of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, yet little is known about their communities in budworm infested forests. Systematic samples of arboreal spiders were taken from the mid-crowns of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii variety glauca (Beissner) Franco, and grand fir, Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley, for 3 consecutive years during a budworm outbreak. Densities over the 3-yr period averaged 5.6 spiders and 288.0 fourth-instar budworms per square meter of branch area. Spider densities were significantly higher on Douglas-fir (7.8/m super(2)) than on grand fir (4.6/m super(2)); however, species composition of spiders was similar on both tree species. Overall densities of spiders did not differ significantly over the 3 yr. All sampled spiders were classified by family, but because of large numbers of juveniles only 20% could be identified to species. Nonetheless, 13 families and at least 26 species were represented in the samples. Relative abundance of both families and species followed a typical logarithmic-series distribution in which a relatively few taxa accounted for most of the individuals sampled. Total number of spiders sampled was about evenly divided between web-spinning (47.3%) and hunting (52.7%) guilds; however, there were almost twice as many web-spinning species as hunting species. Species-diversity indices also were consistently higher each year for web-spinners than for hunters. The salticid species Pelegrina aeneola (=Metaphidippus aeneolus) (Curtis), a well-known predator of defoliating insects, was clearly dominant each year and accounted for almost half of all hunting spiders. The results offer a convenient marker for comparison with the relative structure of arboreal spider communities in other forest ecosystems. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Mason, R R AU - Jennings, D T AU - Paul, H G AU - Wickman, B E AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest Serv., USDA, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 507 EP - 518 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Araneae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Giant fir KW - Grand fir KW - Lowland white fir KW - Silver fir KW - White fir KW - Yellow fir KW - Leaf rollers KW - Leaf tyers KW - Blue douglas fir KW - Colorado douglas fir KW - Inland douglas fir KW - Rocky mountain douglas fir KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - pest outbreaks KW - Abies grandis KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca KW - Choristoneura occidentalis KW - Tortricidae KW - Salticidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16070442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+spider+%28Araneae%29+abundance+during+an+outbreak+of+western+spruce+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Mason%2C+R+R%3BJennings%2C+D+T%3BPaul%2C+H+G%3BWickman%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abies grandis; Choristoneura occidentalis; Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca; Salticidae; Tortricidae; population density; pest outbreaks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Once-mated beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Effects of age at mating on fecundity, fertility, and longevity AN - 16067196; 4108148 AB - We studied the effects of age at mating on reproductive parameters for once-mated beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), moths in the laboratory. The age of moths at mating significantly influenced the transfer of spermatophores by virgin males and the receipt of spermatophores by virgin females. Female age at mating significantly affected fecundity, fertility, and longevity. Two days after emergence was the optimum mating age for females to achieve their maximum reproductive potential. However, females laying the greatest number of eggs lived the fewest number of days. Male age at mating significantly influenced the fecundity and fertility of their mate and their own longevity. Females mating with 2-d-old males laid the most eggs and had the highest fertility. Males mating on day 2 after emergence lived significantly fewer days than males that mated on day 1 or on days 10 or 11. To document the effects of an adult mortality factor on S. exigua reproductive potential, the age at which moths mate must be standardized. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 585 EP - 590 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Beet armyworm KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - mating behavior KW - fecundity KW - age KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - longevity KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Once-mated+beet+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%3A+Effects+of+age+at+mating+on+fecundity%2C+fertility%2C+and+longevity&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Spodoptera exigua; age; fecundity; longevity; mating behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiosis and antagonism of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa and Drechslera poae by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 in vitro and in planta AN - 16050954; 4099929 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf-5, which produces several antifungal metabolites, including the antibiotics pyoluteorin, pyrrolnitrin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, was tested for its ability to inhibit Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (causal agent of dollar spot) and Drechslera poae (causal agent of 'melting-out') in vitro and in turfgrass; Tn5 mutants with altered antibiotic production also were tested. Inhibition in vitro differed with the medium used, but both fungi generally were inhibited by Pf-5. In most cases, a mutant deficient in pyoluteorin but not pyrrolnitrin or 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol was as inhibitory as Pf-5, whereas a pyrrolnitrin-deficient mutant was less inhibitory than Pf-5 in most fungus/medium combinations. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of culture extracts showed that bacterial genotype and nutrition have an interactive effect on antibiotic production, such that conditions causing an increase in one antibiotic may increase or decrease another. The purported deficiencies for the pyrrolnitrin- and pyoluteorin-deficient mutants were confirmed. In S. homoeocarpa-infested grass clippings incubated in a moist chamber, Pf-5 reduced mycelial growth, whereas the pyrrolnitrin-deficient mutant did not and the pyoluteorin-deficient mutant was intermediate. In greenhouse experiments, Pf-5 reduced dollar spot disease incidence in bentgrass and bluegrass when sprayed over inoculated turf. In grass clippings infested with D. poae and incubated in a moist chamber under favorable conditions for spore production, Pf-5 did not reduce significantly the number of spores produced compared with the non-treated control. However, Pf-5 reduced melting-out disease incidence and severity in bluegrass inoculated with spores of D. poae under greenhouse conditions. JF - Phytopathology AU - Rodriguez, F AU - Pfender, W F AD - USDA-ARS NFTSRC, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 614 EP - 621 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Drechslera poae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - disease resistance KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Sclerotinia homoeocarpa KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16050954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Antibiosis+and+antagonism+of+Sclerotinia+homoeocarpa+and+Drechslera+poae+by+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Pf-5+in+vitro+and+in+planta&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+F%3BPfender%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; Sclerotinia homoeocarpa; biological control; disease resistance; plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial models of competition and gap dynamics in old-growth Tsuga heterophylla/Thuja plicata forests AN - 16037896; 4089197 AB - Stem-mapped plots in old-growth forests of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata) in northern Idaho, USA were analyzed using Ripley's K(d) function, nearest-neighbor function, and influence zone analyses. A conceptual model of old-growth forest development was formulated from the spatial pattern analyses, to guide the development of a mathematical model. In the conceptual model, cohorts of seedlings begin life established in clusters associated with canopy gaps created by the deaths of overstory trees. Then, as the trees within clusters increase in size, they begin to compete with their immediate neighbors. Density-dependent mortality thins the clusters and increases the distance between neighboring trees. Over time, this self-thinning behavior tends to drive stand spatial patterns from aggregation towards regular spacing as trees get larger or increase in competitive status. Preliminary results from a dynamic point process model are presented. The approach simulates the regeneration of seedlings in gaps and the dynamic spatial patterns resulting from competitive interactions between neighboring trees as a sequence of point processes. Main features of the model are stochastic assignment of gapmaker trees, a Poisson cluster process for regeneration establishment, and a progressive simple inhibition process for competition between neighboring trees. The model produces spatial patterns for regeneration and adult trees consistent with the conceptual model and with patterns observed in the field data. Refinements designed to improve model realism are discussed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Moeur, M AD - Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843 USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 175 EP - 186 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 94 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - Thuja plicata KW - gaps KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - old growth KW - competition KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+models+of+competition+and+gap+dynamics+in+old-growth+Tsuga+heterophylla%2FThuja+plicata+forests&rft.au=Moeur%2C+M&rft.aulast=Moeur&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; Thuja plicata; models; competition; gaps; old growth; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of salinity on baldcypress seedlings: Physiological responses and their relation to salinity tolerance AN - 16032747; 4097197 AB - Growth and physiological responses of 15 open-pollinated families of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum var. distichum) subjected to flooding with saline water were evaluated in this study. Ten of the families were from coastal sites in Louisiana and Alabama, USA that have elevated levels of soil-water salinity. The other five families were from inland, freshwater sites in Louisiana. Seedlings from all families tolerated flooding with water of low (2 g l super(-1)) salinity. Differences in biomass among families became most apparent at the highest salinity levels (6 and 8 g l super(-1)). Overall, increasing salinity reduced leaf biomass more than root biomass, which in turn was reduced more than stem biomass. A subset of seedlings from the main greenhouse experiment was periodically placed indoors under artificial light, and measurements were made of gas exchange and leaf water potential. Also, tissue concentrations of Cl super(-), Na super(+), K super(+), and Ca super(2+) were determined at the end of the greenhouse experiment. Significant intraspecific variation was found for nearly all the physiological parameters evaluated, but only leaf concentrations of Na super(+) and Cl super(-) were correlated with an index of family-level differences in salt tolerance. JF - Wetlands AU - Allen, JA AU - Chambers, J L AU - Pezeshki AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Inst. Pacific Islands Forest., 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 310 EP - 320 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Taxodium distichum KW - ecophysiology KW - gas exchange KW - saline intrusion KW - saline water intrusion KW - salinity KW - salinity tolerance KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - biomass KW - Freshwater KW - seedlings KW - USA, Alabama KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Brackish KW - wetlands KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Effects+of+salinity+on+baldcypress+seedlings%3A+Physiological+responses+and+their+relation+to+salinity+tolerance&rft.au=Allen%2C+JA%3BChambers%2C+J+L%3BPezeshki&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecophysiology; biomass; wetlands; saline intrusion; salinity; salinity tolerance; seedlings; gas exchange; saline water intrusion; Taxodium distichum; USA, Alabama; USA, Louisiana; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Streamwater chemistry and nutrient budgets for forested watersheds in New England: variability and management implications AN - 16031394; 4089170 AB - Chemistry of precipitation and streamwater and resulting input-output budgets for nutrient ions were determined concurrently for three years on three upland, forested watersheds located within an 80 km radius in central New England. Chemistry of precipitation and inputs of nutrients via wet deposition were similar among the three watersheds and were generally typical of central New England. In contrast, chemistry and nutrient outputs in streamwater varied dramatically between watersheds, with chemistries ranging from acidic to alkaline. Comparisons with data reported for 159 other upland, forested watersheds in central New England show that our study watersheds span the regional range likely to be encountered in stream chemistry. The regional variability stems in part from past natural disturbances such as wildfire, and variations in source of soil parent material. An approach is presented for predicting the important influence of glacial till on stream chemistry, including acid-base relationships, aluminum content, and nutrient outputs. Knowledge of streamwater chemistry and controlling factors can serve as an index of how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will respond to forest management activities and atmospheric deposition. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Bailey, S W AU - Buso, D C AU - Shanley, J B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 73 EP - 89 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 93 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - chemical limnology KW - chemical precipitation KW - chemistry of precipitation KW - forest management KW - forestry KW - glacial sediments KW - nutrient cycles KW - nutrients KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - rivers KW - geochemistry KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16031394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Streamwater+chemistry+and+nutrient+budgets+for+forested+watersheds+in+New+England%3A+variability+and+management+implications&rft.au=Hornbeck%2C+J+W%3BBailey%2C+S+W%3BBuso%2C+D+C%3BShanley%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Hornbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical precipitation; chemical limnology; watersheds; nutrient cycles; rivers; geochemistry; nutrients; streams; forestry; forest management; glacial sediments; chemistry of precipitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest floor evaporation in a dense Douglas fir stand AN - 16028287; 4092818 AB - Forest floor evaporation was measured with an accurate weighing lysimeter during 44 days in early spring and summer. The Penman-Monteith approach was used to model the evaporation rates as well as the temperature difference between forest floor surface and air at 1 m height. Values of resistance parameters were slightly different when the Penman-Monteith model was optimized for measured evaporation rates or for measured temperature differences. These discrepancies were partly due to field variability in forest floor water contents but also because our approach considered the forest floor to be isothermal. With the appropriate parameter sets, the model was able to predict measured hourly forest floor evaporation rates and surface temperature dynamics satisfactorily. We show that in the forest discussed in this paper the Penman-Monteith ventilation term dominates over the available energy term. As a result the evaporation flux is matched by an almost equal, sensible heat flux but in opposite direction. Forest floor water content dynamics have a strong control over the evaporation flux. Spatial variability in forest floor water contents cause the 44-day average forest floor evaporation to range from 0.19 mm d super(-1) in a dry part of the forest to 0.3 mm d super(-1) in a wet part with 0.23 mm d super(-1) as a site representative value. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Schaap, M G AU - Bouten, W AD - US Salinity Lab., ARS-USDA, 450 Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 97 EP - 113 VL - 193 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1964, 0022-1964 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - fir trees KW - model studies KW - variability KW - resistance KW - evaporation rate KW - lysimeters KW - temperature KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16028287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Forest+floor+evaporation+in+a+dense+Douglas+fir+stand&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G%3BBouten%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221964&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; fir trees; evaporation rate; forests; lysimeters; temperature; resistance; variability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff and sediment losses resulting from winter feeding on pastures AN - 16027788; 4095532 AB - Grazing is an important land use in the humid, eastern U.S. When the grass is dormant, late fall through early spring, the land is most vulnerable to the pressures of livestock. Runoff and sediment losses from a small pastured watershed (WS) in eastern Ohio have been studied for 20 years. In Period 1, a beef cow herd grazed it rotationally during the growing season for 12 years and was fed hay in this WS during the dormant season (high animal density with feeding). During the next 3 years of this study (Period 2), there was summer rotational grazing only. There was no animal occupancy on this WS during the last 5 years (Period 3). Annual runoff was more than 10% of precipitation during Period 1 (120 mm) and less than 2% during Periods 2 and 3 (14 and 6 mm, respectively). The decrease in annual sediment loss was even greater with the change in management, yielding 2259, 146, and 9 kg/ha for the three respective periods. Over 60% of the soil loss during Period 1 occurred during the dormant season. In response to weather inputs, there was considerable seasonal and annual variation in runoff and soil loss within management periods. Low amounts of runoff and erosion from three adjacent watersheds with summer-only grazing supported the conclusion that the increased runoff and erosion during Period 1 resulted from the non-rotational, winter feeding on pastures. When the management was changed, the impacts of the previous treatment were not long lasting, changing within a year. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Owens, L B AU - Edwards, WM AU - Van Keuren, RW AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., North Appalachian Exp. Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 194 EP - 197 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - pastures KW - sediment erosion KW - grazing KW - small watersheds KW - pasture KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - watersheds KW - agricultural runoff KW - sediments KW - cattle KW - runoff KW - USA, Ohio KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16027788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Runoff+and+sediment+losses+resulting+from+winter+feeding+on+pastures&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BEdwards%2C+WM%3BVan+Keuren%2C+RW&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pastures; runoff; sediment erosion; grazing; small watersheds; cattle; sediments; erosion; watersheds; agricultural runoff; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water-use efficiency of perennial ryegrass as affected by soil drainage and nitrogen fertilization on two floodplain soils AN - 16026866; 4092738 AB - Quantitative knowledge of the interactive effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on water use efficiency (WUE) of grasses growing on floodplains in the northeastern United States is scant. Our objective was to quantify the effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on water use efficiency of perennial ryegrass. The study was conducted for two years on a floodplain in central Pennsylvania on two soils selected for soil drainage conditions. A tetraploid, forage-type, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., cv. Bastion) was treated with a split application (50%/50%) of 0, 84, 168 and 252 kg N ha super(-1) as ammonium nitrate. Overall, denitrification caused by poor soil drainage conditions during the spring growth period resulted in a 26 percent reduction in WUE. During the summer growth period, the reduction of WUE was 20 percent. These reductions in biomass yield resulted mostly from lost N fertilizer value due to denitrification. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Stout, W L AU - Schnabel, R R AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Manage. and Water Quality Unit, Univ. Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 207 EP - 211 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - grasses KW - riparian land KW - fertilization KW - quantitative analysis KW - denitrification KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - drainage KW - water use efficiency KW - flood plains KW - nitrogen KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16026866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Water-use+efficiency+of+perennial+ryegrass+as+affected+by+soil+drainage+and+nitrogen+fertilization+on+two+floodplain+soils&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BSchnabel%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water use efficiency; grasses; drainage; fertilization; nitrogen; quantitative analysis; flood plains; denitrification; riparian land; USA, Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of the recombinant Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain BTX in in vitro rurnen incubations AN - 16020412; 4091024 AB - The survival of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain BTX under rumen-simulating conditions was studied. Strain BTX is a recombinant variant of strain 5482 engineered for the production of high levels of xylanase, an enzyme important in the degradation of hemicellulose. Strain BTX was not inhibited by compounds present in rumen fluid and it grew well in media containing rumen fluid (up to 75%) or high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (total concentration, 100 mmol l super(-1)). The ability of strain BTX to compete with other micro-organisms under rumen-like conditions was studied in in vitro incubations of rumen contents. These experiments employed a consecutive batch culture (CBC) system consisting of alfalfa suspended in a rumen fluid buffer inoculated with blended rumen contents and maintained by transfers (10%, v/v) at 48 h intervals. CBC cultures contained a diversity of microbial morphotypes and accumulated fermentation products in rumen-like proportions. When added alone, the numbers of BTX cells were maintained for only a few hours, and then declined precipitously until undetectable after 48 h. If CBC cultures were also supplemented with chondroitin sulphate (a mucopolysaccharide used by Bact. thetaiotaomicron), strain BTX grew and the pattern of its population generally followed that of the total population of ruminal bacteria in these cultures. When transferred into fresh CBC cultures containing chondroitin sulphate, BTX was again able to grow and increase in numbers, but to a diminished degree. Although BTX was able to survive and maintain itself in chondroitin sulphate supplemented cultures, this was at a very low level (10 super(5) ml super(-1)). The potential for manipulation of rumen function by inoculation with recombinant bacteria is discussed. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Cotta, MA AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Rasmussen, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 743 EP - 750 VL - 82 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - recombinants KW - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron KW - rumen microorganisms KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+the+recombinant+Bacteroides+thetaiotaomicron+strain+BTX+in+in+vitro+rurnen+incubations&rft.au=Cotta%2C+MA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BRasmussen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; rumen microorganisms; recombinants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning of an outer membrane protein gene from Campylobacter jejuni AN - 16017016; 4090405 AB - An antigen in the outer membrane protein (OMP) fraction of Campylobacter jejuni was identified and characterized. Western blot analysis demonstrated antigenic differences in this protein between two congenic C. jejuni strains. Strain A74/C, which colonizes chickens, expressed the antigen at 34 kDa, while strain A74/O, which poorly colonizes chickens, expressed the antigen at 32 and 34 kDa. A genomic library was constructed in lambda gt11 with DNA from A74/O and screened with antibody raised against C. jejuni OMPs. A clone that possessed a 1.3-kb insert and expressed an immunoreactive protein fused to beta -galactosidase was isolated and purified. DNA sequence analysis revealed the insert contained one open reading frame 864 bases long. The deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated 56.3% similarity with Bacillus steorothermophilus glnH, a glutamine-binding protein, and 54.0% similarity with C. jejuni PEB1, a putative colonization adhesin. Southern hybridization, Northern hybridization, and DNA sequence analyses of the congenic colonizing and noncolonizing strains of C. jejuni failed to distinguish the two strains and revealed only one copy of the gene. Post-translational modification may be an alternate explanation for the antigenic differences seen between the two strains. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Hiett, K L AU - Tarplay, A AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Poultry Microbiol. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 360 EP - 366 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence KW - hybridization analysis KW - ompH1 gene KW - OmpH1 protein KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - membrane proteins KW - cloning KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16017016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+of+an+outer+membrane+protein+gene+from+Campylobacter+jejuni&rft.au=Meinersmann%2C+R+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BTarplay%2C+A&rft.aulast=Meinersmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; membrane proteins; cloning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing programs to monitor ecosystem health and effectiveness of management practices on lakes states national forests, USA AN - 16007974; 4080865 AB - Assessing accomplishment of management objectives related to ecosystem health requires monitoring key indicators, including ecological processes and components of biological diversity. For these purposes, a monitoring plan was developed on the Chequamegon National Forest. It was refined by use of public workshops and technical consultation, and later adjusted based on practicality and additional inventory needs. To date, monitoring has focused on plants and birds, including long-term baseline monitoring in both managed forest and more natural areas. Monitoring is done at both the national forest and the ranger district levels, a forest subunit, the latter usually focusing on specific projects rather than forest-wide ecosystem health concerns. Examples from the Laurentian ranger district of the Superior National Forest are provided. Future assessments will require qualitative, quantitative and spatial analyses of community, ecosystem, habitat and population trends and patterns, and management effects. An institutionalized program that focuses on key ecosystem components at various scales, and that involves concerned publics and many partners, will be necessary to provide feedback to refine forest management. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Vora, R S AD - USDA Forest Serv., 318 Forest. Rd., Aurora, MN 55705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 289 EP - 302 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - environmental monitoring KW - USA KW - ecosystem management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16007974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Developing+programs+to+monitor+ecosystem+health+and+effectiveness+of+management+practices+on+lakes+states+national+forests%2C+USA&rft.au=Vora%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Vora&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; ecosystem management; environmental monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural erosion rates and their prediction in the Idaho batholith AN - 15983694; 4075828 AB - Natural rates of surface erosion on forested granitic soils in central Idaho were measured in 40 m super(2) bordered erosion plots over a period of four years. In addition, we measured a variety of site variables, soil properties, and summer rainstorm intensities in order to relate erosion rates to site attributes. Median winter erosion rates are approximately twice summer period rates, however mean summer rates are nearly twice winter rates because of infrequent high erosion caused by summer rainstorms. Regression equation models and regression tree models were constructed to explore relationships between erosion and factors that control erosion rates. Ground cover is the single factor that has the greatest influence on erosion rates during both summer and winter periods. Rainstorm intensity (erosivity index) strongly influences summer erosion rates, even on soils with high ground cover percentages. Few summer storms were of sufficient duration and intensity to cause rilling on the plots, and the data set was too small to elucidate differences in rill vs. interrill erosion. The regression tree models are relatively less biased than the regression equations developed, and explained 70 and 84 percent of the variability in summer and winter erosion rates, respectively. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Clayton, J L AU - Megahan, W F AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., 316 E. Myrtle St., Boise, ID 83702, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 689 EP - 704 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - ground cover KW - geological erosion KW - USA, Idaho Batholith KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil genesis KW - soil properties KW - watershed management KW - erosion rates KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15983694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Natural+erosion+rates+and+their+prediction+in+the+Idaho+batholith&rft.au=Clayton%2C+J+L%3BMegahan%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion rates; soil properties; watershed management; soil genesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of microorganisms for biological control of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) of potato tubers AN - 15977603; 4072019 AB - Few management strategies exist for silver scurf, an important postharvest disease of potatoes. In this study, the microbiota of 47 agricultural soils and 7 tuber samples was screened for biological control agents of silver scurf. Soil or periderm samples were transferred to separate samples of gamma irradiation-sterilized field soil enriched with potato periderm. After incubation, the samples were assayed for biological suppressiveness to silver scurf using a whole-tuber/infested soil assay. Over 430 isolates of bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes were recovered from tubers and soil associated with the 12 most suppressive soil samples. Thirteen strains were selected for further study on three different strains of Helminthosporium solani, including one that was resistant to thiabendazole. Microbial strains that significantly inhibited H. solani (P less than or equal to 0.05) in at least one experiment were identified as Pseudomonas putida (PM1), Nocardia globerula (S244), and Xanthomonas campestris (P76). Colonization studies with rifampicin-resistant strains of putative biological control agents revealed that long-term colonization of the tuber surface was not necessary to reduce disease symptoms. Highly variable levels of conidiophore production prevented selection of the single most suppressive strain. Possible sources of variability in biological control are discussed, including physiological age of the tuber, tuber infection in the field, and uneven free moisture in the storage. JF - Plant Disease AU - Elson, M K AU - Schisler, DA AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res., USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 647 EP - 652 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - silver scurf disease KW - Nocardia globerula KW - thiabendazole KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - Helminthosporium solani KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - resistance KW - post-harvest decay KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15977603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Selection+of+microorganisms+for+biological+control+of+silver+scurf+%28Helminthosporium+solani%29+of+potato+tubers&rft.au=Elson%2C+M+K%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Elson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helminthosporium solani; Pseudomonas putida; Xanthomonas campestris; Solanum tuberosum; biological control; post-harvest decay; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural uses of alkaline fluidized bed combustion ash: Case studies AN - 15970058; 4067256 AB - Successful programmes were developed by Ahlstrom Development Ash Corporation and Air Products and Chemicals for using fluidized bed combustion ash as a substitute for agricultural lime on daily farms in northern New York state and on fruit and nut crops in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The companies developed these programmes by utilizing the methodology developed through USDA-ARS research and working closely with agricultural consultants and regulatory agencies to ensure that the ash applications were both agronomically and environmentally sound. JF - Fuel AU - Stout, W L AU - Daily, M R AU - Nickeson, T L AU - Svendsen, R L AU - Thompson, G P AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 767 EP - 769 VL - 76 IS - 8 SN - 0016-2361, 0016-2361 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - alkaline wastes KW - land application KW - agriculture KW - waste reuse KW - combustion KW - ash KW - fluidized beds KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15970058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel&rft.atitle=Agricultural+uses+of+alkaline+fluidized+bed+combustion+ash%3A+Case+studies&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BDaily%2C+M+R%3BNickeson%2C+T+L%3BSvendsen%2C+R+L%3BThompson%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel&rft.issn=00162361&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluidized beds; combustion; ash; alkaline wastes; agriculture; land application; waste reuse ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of gene loci controlling pectate lyase production and soft-rot pathogenicity in Pseudomonas marginalis. AN - 79016636; 9165701 AB - Pseudomonas marginalis is an important postharvest pathogen capable of causing soft rot in a wide variety of harvested fruits and vegetables. Following transposon mutagenesis, we isolated two groups of P. marginalis CY091 mutants deficient in production of pectate lyase (Pel) and soft-rot pathogenicity in plants. The first group, designated Pel-, was caused by the insertion of Tn5 into a pel structural gene, and the second group, designated LemA-, was caused by the insertion of Tn5 into a regulatory locus corresponding to the lemA gene previously identified in other Gram-negative bacteria. The LemA- mutants also exhibited alteration in colony morphology and showed deficiency in production of protease (Prt). A cosmid clone pCIC carrying the P. marginalis lemA gene was isolated and characterized. pCIC was capable of restoring Pel production and soft-rot pathogenicity in LemA- mutants of P. marginalis and Pseudomonas viridiflava, indicating that the function of lemA gene in these two pseudomonads was similar and interchangeable. Using MudI-mediated mutagenesis, we isolated a third group of P. marginalis mutants deficient in production of Pel, Prt, and soft-rot pathogenicity. Mutants in this group (designated GacA-1) contained an insertion of MudI in a locus corresponding to the gacA gene of P. viridiflava. Like LemA- mutants, GacA- mutants also exhibited alteration in colony morphology and showed deficiency in production of Pel and Prt. However, GacA- mutants produced much lower levels of levan and fluorescent pyoverdine siderophore than the wild type and LemA- mutants. These results provide the first genetic evidence that P. marginalis produces a single alkaline Pel for maceration of plant tissue and demonstrate that production of Pel, Prt, levan, and pyoverdin by this bacterium is mediated by the two-component lemA/gacA gene system. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Liao, C H AU - McCallus, D E AU - Fett, W F AU - Kang, Y AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. cliao@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 425 EP - 431 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Fructans KW - GacA protein, Bacteria KW - Siderophores KW - Transcription Factors KW - lemA protein, bacterial KW - EC 2.7.3.- KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases KW - EC 4.2.2.- KW - pectate lyase KW - EC 4.2.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Food Microbiology KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Fructans -- biosynthesis KW - Siderophores -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Pseudomonas -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- biosynthesis KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79016636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+gene+loci+controlling+pectate+lyase+production+and+soft-rot+pathogenicity+in+Pseudomonas+marginalis.&rft.au=Liao%2C+C+H%3BMcCallus%2C+D+E%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BKang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a mycorrhizal fungus and/or rhizobium on growth and biomass partitioning of subterranean clover exposed to ozone AN - 755134540; 13633944 AB - The influence of soilborne symbionts such as rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi on plant response to ozone (O sub(3)) has not been well defined. Leguminous plants in the field are infected by both types of organisms, which influence plant nutrition and growth. We studied the effects of infection withRhizobium leguminosarum biovartrifolii and/orGigaspora margarita on response of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv Mt. Barker) to O sub(3). Exposures were conducted in greenhouse CSTR chambers using four O sub(3) concentrations [charcoal-filtered (CF), 50, 100, or 150 ppb; 6 h day super(-1), 5 day wk super(-1) for 12 weeks] as main plots (replicated). Four inoculum types were subplot treatments, i.e., inoculated with one, both, or neither microorganisms. At 2-wk intervals, plants were exposed to super(14)CO sub(2) and harvested 24 h later for determination of biomass and super(14)C content of shoots and roots. Ozone at 100 or 150 ppb suppressed clover growth during the experiment. Inoculation withG. margarita alone suppressed clover growth by the last two harvests, whereasR. leguminosarum alone enhanced growth during this time period. When both symbionts were present, the plants grew similarly to the noninoculated controls. Shoot/root ratios were increased by 100 or 150 ppb O sub(3) compared to that for CF-treated plants. Shoot/root ratios were greater for all inoculated plants compared to noninoculated controls. Under low O sub(3) stress (CF or 50 ppb), plants inoculated with bothR. leguminosarum andG. margarita transported a greater proportion of recent photosynthate ( super(14)C) to roots than did noninoculated plants; we attribute this to metabolic requirements of the microorganisms. At the highest level of O sub(3) stress (150 ppb), this did not occur, probably because little photosynthate was available and the shoots retained most of it for repair of injury. Statistically significant interactions occurred between O sub(3) and inoculum types for shoot and total biomass. When averaged across harvests, 50 ppb O sub(3) suppressed biomass in the plants inoculated withG. margarita alone. Apparently, the mycorrhizal fungus is such a significant C drain that even a small amount of O sub(3) stress suppresses plant growth under these conditions. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Miller, Joseph E AU - Shafer, Steven R AU - Schoeneberger, Michele M AU - Pursley, Walter A AU - Horton, Stephanie J AU - Davey, Charles B AD - USDA-ARS Air Quality Program, Department of Crop Science, Univ. of Nebraska, 68583, Lincoln, NE Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 233 EP - 248 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 96 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Statistical analysis KW - Roots KW - Trifolium subterraneum KW - Growth KW - plant growth KW - greenhouses KW - infection KW - shoots KW - Inoculum KW - Ozone concentration KW - plant nutrition KW - Ozone KW - Bacteria KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Symbionts KW - Fungi KW - Stress KW - Soil contamination KW - Biomass KW - Photosynthates KW - Soil pollution KW - Shoots KW - Rhizobium KW - Microorganisms KW - Ozone control KW - K 03490:Miscellaneous KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755134540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+mycorrhizal+fungus+and%2For+rhizobium+on+growth+and+biomass+partitioning+of+subterranean+clover+exposed+to+ozone&rft.au=Miller%2C+Joseph+E%3BShafer%2C+Steven+R%3BSchoeneberger%2C+Michele+M%3BPursley%2C+Walter+A%3BHorton%2C+Stephanie+J%3BDavey%2C+Charles+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02407207 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shoots; Symbionts; Inoculum; Microorganisms; Stress; Roots; Photosynthates; Biomass; Ozone; Soil pollution; Atmospheric pollution; Statistical analysis; Ozone concentration; Ozone control; Injuries; Fungi; Soil contamination; Growth; plant growth; shoots; infection; greenhouses; plant nutrition; Bacteria; Trifolium subterraneum; Rhizobium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407207 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the soil resources of Africa in relation to productivity AN - 52720622; 1997-038456 AB - Africa, with a total land mass of about 30.7 million km (super 2) and a population exceeding 746 million persons, has generally lagged behind in agricultural development. Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding South Africa) is the poorest developing region, with 29 out of 34 countries being some of the poorest in the world. The purpose of this study is to develop a Soil Taxonomy map, based on the FAO Soil Map of the World, which together with other data, is used to make continent-level assessments of land productivity and sustainability. Prime land occupies about 9.6% of Africa and the lands with high potential occupy an area of about 6.7%. The medium- and low-potential lands, which together occupy 28.3% of the area have major constraints for low-input agriculture. Resource-poor farmers who live on these lands have high risks and, generally, the probability of agriculture failure is high to very high. The remaining about 55% of the land consists of deserts or other lands with major constraints even for low-input agriculture. The desert margins have nomadic grazing which with increasing animal population is stressing the environment. A soil quality analysis and an evaluation of sustainable production, based only on biophysical considerations, suggest the need for major investments to enhance the productivity of the soil resources of this continent. JF - Geoderma AU - Eswaran, Hari AU - Almaraz, Russell AU - van den Berg, Evert AU - Reich, Paul Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - soils KW - imagery KW - natural resources KW - Africa KW - mapping KW - land use KW - color imagery KW - productivity KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52720622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+soil+resources+of+Africa+in+relation+to+productivity&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+Hari%3BAlmaraz%2C+Russell%3Bvan+den+Berg%2C+Evert%3BReich%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=Hari&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Document feature - 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; color imagery; imagery; land use; mapping; natural resources; productivity; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expanded models for the non-thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 1855073228; PQ0003957804 AB - Previously developed four-variable response surface models for describing the effects of temperature, pH/lactic acid, sodium chloride and sodium nitrite on the time to achieve a 4-log, non-thermal inactivation (t sub(4D)) of Listeria monocytogenes in aerobic, acidic environments were expanded to five-variable models that distinguish the effects of pH and acidulant concentration. A total of 18 new variable combinations were evaluated and the inactivation kinetics data appended onto a consolidation of two data sets from earlier studies. The consolidated data set, which included 315 inactivation curves representing 209 unique combinations of the five variables, was analysed by response surface analysis. The quadratic model without backward elimination regression was selected for further evaluation. Three additional quadratic models were generated using the concentrations of undissociated lactic and/or nitrous acids as variables in place of percentage lactic acid and sodium nitrite concentration. Comparison of predicted t sub(4D) values against literature values for various food systems indicated that the models provide reasonable initial estimates of the inactivation of L. monocytogenes. The models based on the concentration of undissociated lactic and nitrous acids support the hypothesis that antimicrobial activity is associated with this form of the compounds. Evaluation of several examples suggests that these models may be useful for predicting the equivalent of the compounds''minimal inhibitory concentrations'for accelerating inactivation under various conditions. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Golden, M H AU - Phillips, J G AD - USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Centre, Wyndmoor, PA, Food Safety Research Unit. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 567 EP - 577 PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., 1105 N Market St Wilmington DE 19801 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Data processing KW - Food KW - Sodium nitrite KW - Models KW - nitrous acid KW - Kinetics KW - Lactic acid KW - Regression analysis KW - pH effects KW - Sodium chloride KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855073228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expanded+models+for+the+non-thermal+inactivation+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BGolden%2C+M+H%3BPhillips%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2672.1997.tb03587.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; nitrous acid; Antimicrobial activity; Data processing; Food; Kinetics; Regression analysis; Lactic acid; Sodium nitrite; pH effects; Sodium chloride; Models; Listeria monocytogenes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03587.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and Characterization of Forested Wetlands in the Carolinas and Virginia AN - 16554676; 4372652 AB - Recent forest inventories of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, included sampling for hydric vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Forest samples that met all 3 of these criteria were classified as forested wetland. This study characterizes wetland forests by extent, owner, age, forest type, physiography, volume, growth, and removals, and evaluates its contribution to the timber supply. Wetland stands comprise 8.1 million ac, or 17% of the forests in the 3 States. They are over 90% privately owned, they vary widely by type and physiography, and they contribute 21% of all removals. Classification of wetland area based simply on broad management class and physiography will result in inaccurate estimates. JF - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Brown, MJ AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC 28802, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 64 EP - 70 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0148-4419, 0148-4419 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - USA, South Carolina KW - USA, Virginia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Classification KW - Estimating KW - Forests KW - Wetlands KW - Sampling KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16554676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+Characterization+of+Forested+Wetlands+in+the+Carolinas+and+Virginia&rft.au=Brown%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=01484419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification; Spatial distribution; Estimating; Forests; Wetlands; Sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and environmental parameters for ovulation rate, twinning rate, and weight traits in a cattle population selected for twinning AN - 16539315; 4409946 AB - A project was implemented in 1981 with the objective of increasing twinning rate in cattle. Daughters of foundation sires had twin calves at a frequency of from 8 to 13%, and foundation females had twin calves at an average frequency of 50%. Data were analyzed on twinning rate, ovulation rate, and weight traits. The h super(2) of ovulation rate increased from .11 to .38 for a single estrous cycle to the mean of eight estrous cycles. From all data, h super(2) for single observation of ovulation rate and twinning rate were .10 and .09, respectively. The r sub(g) between them was .75. The h super(2) of weight traits ranged from .42 to .54 when weight traits were analyzed pair-wise with ovulation rate and with twinning rate. The r sub(g) between weight traits with ovulation rate ranged from .15 to .30 and with twinning rate ranged from .24 to .39. Phenotypic mean twinning rate increased from 1.07 to 1.29 calves per parturition for females born 1981 through 1993, and adjusted mean predicted breeding value (PBV) increased from 1.07 to 1.33 calves per parturition. Phenotypic mean ovulation rate for fall of 1984 through fall 1994 birth groups increased from 1.11 to 1.26 per estrous cycle, and adjusted mean PBV for ovulation rate increased from 1.11 to 1.29 per estrous cycle. Because of the high r sub(g) (i.e., .75) between ovulation rate and twinning rate, and because of a h super(2) of .35 for ovulation rate for the mean of six estrous cycles, repeated records of ovulation rate in puberal heifers is an effective indirect selection criterion for twinning rate. The positive r sub(g) between growth traits and ovulation and twinning rate suggest the need for some compromise when the selection goal is increased twinning rate with no increase in growth and size. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Gregory, KE AU - Bennett, G L AU - Van Vleck, LD AU - Echternkamp, SE AU - Cundiff, LV AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1213 EP - 1222 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - animal breeding KW - body weight KW - cattle KW - ovulation KW - twins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+environmental+parameters+for+ovulation+rate%2C+twinning+rate%2C+and+weight+traits+in+a+cattle+population+selected+for+twinning&rft.au=Gregory%2C+KE%3BBennett%2C+G+L%3BVan+Vleck%2C+LD%3BEchternkamp%2C+SE%3BCundiff%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of lettuce chlorosis virus naturally infecting sugar beets in California AN - 16307242; 4247432 AB - Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants showing interveinal yellowing and thickened leaves were collected from two fields in Imperial County, CA, for disease assessment in January 1996. Yellowing symptoms were wide-spread in these fields during the winter of 1995 to 1996. Initial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with polyclonal antiserum (ATCC) for beet western yellows virus were consistently negative. Inoculations with Bemisia tabaci "B" biotype (B. argentifolii) whiteflies onto the indicator plants Chenopodium capitatum, C. murale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and sugar beet resulted in interveinal yellowing, reddening, and thickened leaves characteristic of whitefly-transmitted closteroviruses (1). Western blot (immunoblot) analyses were performed with antisera to the purified virions of lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV) and lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV). Tissue extracts from original beet plants representing two fields and from all subsequent whitefly-inoculated indicator plants consistently showed a single band at ca. 32 kDa, reported to be the molecular mass for LCV capsid protein. Corresponding Western blot analyses for LIYV with the same tissue extracts were negative. No reactions were observed in Western blot assays with tissue extracts from healthy plants. Although sugar beet is a host for LCV as shown by laboratory experiments (1), this is the first report of a natural infection of LCV in sugar beet. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wisler, G C AU - Duffus, JE AU - Gerik, J S AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 550 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - diagnostic agents KW - immunoassays KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16307242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+lettuce+chlorosis+virus+naturally+infecting+sugar+beets+in+California&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BDuffus%2C+JE%3BGerik%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germplasm evaluation of Glycine max for resistance to Fusarium solani, the causal organism of sudden death syndrome AN - 16302472; 4247423 AB - Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is an important soybean disease that potentially can be controlled by host plant resistance. In this study, over 800 soybean plant introductions (PIs), lines, and cultivars were screened for resistance to Fusarium solani. Of 728 PIs from China, PI 567.374 had mean foliar SDS severities significantly (P = 0.05) lower than PI 520.733 (resistant check) in both growth-chamber and greenhouse tests. In addition, PIs 567.315, 567.441C, 567.650B, and 567.664 had mean SDS severity ratings significantly (P = 0.05) lower than PI 520.733 in a growth-chamber test. Of 16 soybean cyst nematode-resistant entries tested, 5 had values lower than the resistant check, PI 520.733, with cv. Hartwig significantly lower in the first trial. In trial two, no entries were lower than the resistant check, although cvs. Bell and Hartwig were not significantly different from PI 520.733. In another experiment, few soybean cultivars or experimental lines had SDS severity ratings lower than PI 520.733 in any one of three trials. Some of the newly acquired PIs from China that exhibited low foliar SDS severity ratings may provide the sources of resistance needed to develop new SDS-resistant soybean breeding lines and cultivars. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hartman, G L AU - Huang, Y H AU - Nelson, R L AU - Noel, G R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., and Dep. Crop Sci., 70 EASB, 1101 W. Peabody, Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-4723, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 515 EP - 518 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - germplasm KW - infection KW - resistance KW - symptoms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16302472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Germplasm+evaluation+of+Glycine+max+for+resistance+to+Fusarium+solani%2C+the+causal+organism+of+sudden+death+syndrome&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BHuang%2C+Y+H%3BNelson%2C+R+L%3BNoel%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractal dimensions for volume and surface of interaggregate pores -- scale effects AN - 16264504; 4273232 AB - Geometrical attributes of pore systems in soil have shown fractal scaling. Scaling in natural materials is inherently statistical, i.e., fractal dimensions may change with scale. While fractal dimensions characterizing pore surface roughness, D sub(s), or scaling of pore sizes, D sub(v), have been reported, seldom are both measurements made at more than one scale. We examine a scale effect on D sub(v) and D sub(s) values, and relationships between fractal dimensions of both properties. Natural and artificial types of soil structure were studied in a Normania soil. Natural soil structure was sampled from experiments involving: (1) three primary tillage tools, sampled immediately after tillage; and (2) three tillage systems, sampled after consolidation. Artificial soil structure was formed in columns packed with aggregate assemblies that included two single aggregate-size fractions, and two mixtures of six aggregate-size fractions (each covering two ranges) made to obtain fractal aggregate-size distributions. Block-like samples from all sources were resin-impregnated in situ and a face was cut and polished. Images of UV-illuminated faces were obtained at three magnifications and then pooled into two groups. A box-counting technique was applied to area and outline of pores to obtain D sub(v-box), and D sub(s-box), respectively; D sub(s) was also calculated from area-perimeter relations (D sub(s-AP)). Box-count data showed two segments: D sub(v-box), and D sub(s-box) were evaluated in relation to each segment and to D sub(s-AP). Coefficients of determination in the relation D sub(s-AP) vs D sub(s-box) were relatively low, indicating discrepancies between the two methods. Fractal dimensions were not scale-invariant. Values of D sub(s-box) for aggregate assemblies decreased with resolution, especially for single aggregate-size fractions. Values of D sub(v-box) were more influenced by aggregate size than resolution. Both D sub(s-box) and D sub(v-box) varied with resolution for freshly tilled soil. For somewhat consolidated soil, variations in values of both fractal dimensions were related to tillage systems. Values of D sub(s-box) and D sub(v-box) were highly correlated, with linear relations depending on magnification and type of soil structure. JF - Geoderma AU - Gimenez, D AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Nater, E A AU - Huggins AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrology Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 19 EP - 38 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16264504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Fractal+dimensions+for+volume+and+surface+of+interaggregate+pores+--+scale+effects&rft.au=Gimenez%2C+D%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BNater%2C+E+A%3BHuggins&rft.aulast=Gimenez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mexican fruit fly attractants: Effects of 1-pyrroline and other amines on attractiveness of a mixture of ammonia, methylamine, and putrescine AN - 16259116; 4239448 AB - Several amines were tested alone and in combination with AMPu, an attractant mixture containing ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, methylamine hydrochloride, and putrescine, for attractiveness to Mexican fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens Loew). In laboratory bioassay, 1-pyrroline, 3-pyrroline, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, spermidine, spermine, and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly more attractive than solvent controls. In orchard tests, traps baited with combinations of AMPu with dimethylamine hydrochloride, ethylamine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, or pyrrolidine captured fewer flies than traps baited with AMPu alone. Traps containing AMPu plus additional ammonium bicarbonate were much less attractive than AMPu alone. Combinations of AMPu with 1-pyrroline were about 50% more attractive than AMPu alone to both males and females. Combinations of AMPu with 3-pyrroline were not significantly more attractive than AMPu alone. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Demilo, AB AU - Voaden, D J AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1263 EP - 1280 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 1-pyrroline KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - amines KW - ammonia KW - attractants KW - methylamine KW - putrescine KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16259116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Mexican+fruit+fly+attractants%3A+Effects+of+1-pyrroline+and+other+amines+on+attractiveness+of+a+mixture+of+ammonia%2C+methylamine%2C+and+putrescine&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BDemilo%2C+AB%3BVoaden%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased attraction of Anastrepha ludens to combinations of two types of synthetic lures in a citrus orchard AN - 16258698; 4239449 AB - Combinations of the previously developed attractants CEHO from host fruit aroma and AMPu from volatile metabolites of amino acids were evaluated for attractiveness to gamma-irradiated Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens, in a citrus orchard. In one experiment, McPhail traps with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lures loaded with CEHO (10:1:1:50 mixture of 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, hexanol, and ethyl octanoate) were more attractive than blank traps. McPhail traps with AMPu (10:10:1 mixture of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO traps. Traps containing both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps containing AMPu alone. In another experiment, sticky yellow panels and spheres were used to compare attractiveness of the same two attractants in different formulations. Sticky traps baited with membrane formulations of CEHO (10:1:1:10 mixture of the chemicals listed above) were not significantly attractive. Sticky traps with polypropylene tubes containing an agar formulation of AMPu (6:10:1 mixture of ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO baited traps. As in the first experiment, traps with both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps with AMPu alone. Results indicate that attractive host-odor volatiles and attractive amino-acid metabolites interact negatively with regard to attractiveness to the Mexican fruit fly. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Heath, R R AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1253 EP - 1262 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - attraction KW - lures KW - orchards KW - traps KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16258698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Decreased+attraction+of+Anastrepha+ludens+to+combinations+of+two+types+of+synthetic+lures+in+a+citrus+orchard&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Role of host- and plant-related volatiles AN - 16254566; 4226716 AB - The specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson can parasitize only noctuid larvae in the genera Helicoverpa and Heliothis. To be successful in their search for hosts, the ability to distinguish hosts from nonhosts feeding on the same plant is beneficial. In flight tunnel experiments, we found that prior to landing on the odor source M. croceipes were able to distinguish volatiles released from frass of host larvae (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and nonhost larvae (Spodoptera exigua Huebner and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) fed on cotton. However, an initial contact experience with frass of cotton-fed host larvae appeared to be critical for this ability. Wasps that had antennated frass of host larvae fed pinto bean diet were equally attracted to frass of host and nonhost larvae fed on pinto bean diet. In short-range walking experiments, wasps located cotton-fed host larvae faster than diet-fed larvae, regardless of their experience. Wasps that had antennated frass of cotton-fed host larvae were less attracted to cotton-fed nonhost larvae, compared to host larvae, and preferred to sting host larvae. Plant-related volatiles in host frass and larvae appear to play a major role in the successful location of host larvae. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Roese, USR AU - Alborn, H T AU - Makranczy, G AU - Lewis, W J AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - USDA-ARS, Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604-2565, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 313 EP - 330 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - host plants KW - host selection KW - parasitoids KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16254566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Host+recognition+by+the+specialist+endoparasitoid+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%3A+Role+of+host-+and+plant-related+volatiles&rft.au=Roese%2C+USR%3BAlborn%2C+H+T%3BMakranczy%2C+G%3BLewis%2C+W+J%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Roese&rft.aufirst=USR&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of atmospheric CO sub(2) on longleaf pine: Productivity and allocation as influence by nitrogen and water AN - 16116287; 4215439 AB - Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings were exposed to two concentrations of atmospheric CO sub(2) (365 or 720 mu mol mol super(-1)) in combination with two N treatments (40 or 400 kg N ha super(-1) year super(-1)) and two irrigation treatments (target values of -0.5 or -1.5 MPa xylem pressure potential) in open-top chambers from March 1993 through November 1994. Irrigation treatments were imposed after seedling establishment (i.e., 19 weeks after planting). Seedlings were harvested at 4, 8, 12, and 20 months. Elevated CO sub(2) increased biomass production only in the high-N treatment, and the relative growth enhancement was greater for the root system than for the shoot system. In water-stressed trees, elevated CO sub(2) increased root biomass only at the final harvest. Root:shoot ratios were usually increased by both the elevated CO sub(2) and low-N treatments. In the elevated CO sub(2) treatment, water-stressed trees had a higher root:shoot ratio than well-watered trees as a result of a drought-induced increase in the proportion of plant biomass in roots. Well-watered seedlings consistently grew larger than water-stressed seedlings only in the high-N treatment. We conclude that available soil N was the controlling resource for the growth response to elevated CO sub(2) in this study. Although some growth enhancement was observed in water-stressed trees in the elevated CO sub(2) treatment, this response was contingent on available soil N. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Prior, SA AU - Runion, G B AU - Mitchell, R J AU - Rogers, H H AU - Amthor, J S AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Dynamics Lab., P.O. Box 3439, Auburn, AL 36831-3439, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 397 EP - 405 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Longleaf pine KW - Pinus palustris KW - toxicity testing KW - pollution effects KW - carbon dioxide KW - nitrogen KW - Pine Trees KW - Water Stress KW - Productivity KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - biomass KW - air pollution KW - irrigation KW - seedlings KW - phytotoxicity KW - trees KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+on+longleaf+pine%3A+Productivity+and+allocation+as+influence+by+nitrogen+and+water&rft.au=Prior%2C+SA%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BMitchell%2C+R+J%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BAmthor%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; carbon dioxide; seedlings; phytotoxicity; irrigation; biomass; trees; nitrogen; air pollution; Pine Trees; Water Stress; Productivity; toxicity testing; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of airflow on ion distribution for potential dust reduction applications AN - 16116252; 4221648 AB - High levels of airborne dust and microorganisms are continuing health concerns for animals and workers in enclosed animal housing. One approach that has been used to reduce indoor dust and microorganisms involves generation of a space charge of negative air ions which will charge dust particles and cause them to be precipitated out quickly or attached to oppositely charged surfaces. In the present study, three types of negative air ion generators were tested at direct current voltages ranging from -8 kV to -15 kV and air velocities from 0 to 200 m/min to quantify their effects on ion density distribution. Ion distribution increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) and almost proportionally with power supply voltage and with air velocity. Compared to ambient ion density levels of about -5,000 ions/cm super(3), a common ceiling fan was able to extend negative ion density levels of 50,000 ions/cm super(3) out to 3 m from the Ceiling Ionizer and the Room Ionizer System, and the In-Duct Ionizer, which operated on compressed air, was able to extend these levels out to 5 m. Since plus or minus 50,000 ions/cm super(3) has been demonstrated to have a lethal effect on airborne bacteria and to be effective for reducing airborne dust, the ability of common air moving devices to distribute this level of ion density 3 to 5 m away from the ion generator suggests that these devices could easily be effectively used to reduce dust and airborne microorganisms in a variety of applications with the addition of appropriate blowers or air moving devices. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Mitchell, B W AD - Southeast Poultry Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5657, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 81 EP - 89 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - animal housing KW - airborne microorganisms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - dust KW - indoor environments KW - occupational exposure KW - electrostatic precipitators KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Effect+of+airflow+on+ion+distribution+for+potential+dust+reduction+applications&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - indoor environments; occupational exposure; dust; electrostatic precipitators; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generic HACCP application in broiler slaughter and processing AN - 16106463; 4208292 AB - The Meat and Poultry Working Group of the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria in Foods (NACMCF) has prepared a generic Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan for the slaughter and processing of raw broiler chickens. This report includes a review of existing scientific information, a hazard analysis, and use of this information to develop a generic HACCP plan that focuses on the microbiological safety of raw broiler products. This generic plan provides general guidance material for manufacturers to use in developing plant-specific plans. A brief discussion of the role of regulatory agencies and industry in HACCP is also presented. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - McNamara, A M AD - Executive Secretariat, FSIS, Rm. 3175 South Bldg., Independence Ave. S.W., Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 579 EP - 604 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - food contamination KW - poultry KW - Quality control KW - abattoirs KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Generic+HACCP+application+in+broiler+slaughter+and+processing&rft.au=McNamara%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; poultry; abattoirs; food contamination; food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A halophytic crop for drainage water reuse systems AN - 16093860; 4200151 JF - Plant and Soil AU - Grieve, C M AU - Suarez, D L AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 277 EP - 283 VL - 192 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - agricultural water KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Impaired Water Use KW - Water Reuse KW - Salinity KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - Drainage KW - Salt Tolerance KW - Irrigation Water KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16093860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Purslane+%28Portulaca+oleracea+L.%29%3A+A+halophytic+crop+for+drainage+water+reuse+systems&rft.au=Grieve%2C+C+M%3BSuarez%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Grieve&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drainage; Water Reuse; Salt Tolerance; Irrigation Water; Impaired Water Use; Salinity; USA, California, San Joaquin Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with the presence of Escherichia coli O157 in feces of feedlot cattle AN - 16089065; 4116781 AB - Fecal samples were collected from pens of cattle in a total of 100 feedlots in 13 states. Fecal samples were cultured for Escherichia coli O157. E. coli O157 isolates were probed for the genetic coding for verotoxin production. At the time of sample collection, data were collected on the type of cattle present in the pen, as well as the length of time these cattle were in the feedlot, ingredients for the current ration, and cattle health history since arriving in the feedlot. Factors associated with increased likelihood of a pen being positive (one or more samples probe-positive for E. coli O157) included feeding of barley (odds ratio [OR] = 2.75) and cattle being on feed less than 20 days (OR = 3.39). Factors associated with a reduced likelihood of a pen being positive included feeding soy meal (OR = 0.50), a cattle entry weight of at least 700 lb (ca. 317.5 kg) (OR = 0.54), and at least 85% of the cattle in the pen being beef-type heifers (OR = .33). JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dargatz, DA AU - Wells, S J AU - Thomas, LA AU - Hancock, D D AU - Garber, L P AD - USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Serv., Centers for Epidemiol. and Animal Health, 555 S. Howes, Ft. Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 466 EP - 470 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - risk factors KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - intestinal microflora KW - Escherichia coli KW - feces KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16089065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+the+presence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+feces+of+feedlot+cattle&rft.au=Dargatz%2C+DA%3BWells%2C+S+J%3BThomas%2C+LA%3BHancock%2C+D+D%3BGarber%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Dargatz&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; feces; intestinal microflora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic architecture and water relations of a flood-tolerant tropical tree, Annona glabra AN - 16087744; 4112608 AB - Hydraulic architecture parameters, water relation parameters and wood anatomy were studied in roots and shoots of the flood-tolerant tree Annona glabra L. on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Hydraulic conductivity, leaf specific conductivity, and Huber value were similar to the corresponding values for tree species living in non-flooded habitats. The vulnerability of stems to loss of hydraulic conductivity resulting from embolism was low (50% loss of conductivity at -3.3 MPa). The lowest leaf water potential measured in the field was about -1.0 MPa, indicating that A. glabra has a large margin of safety from embolism, which may provide protection against rare drought events, or may be an adaptation to brackish mangrove habitats. Low absolute conductivity of roots was compensated for by an increase in the number of roots. More than two-thirds of whole-plant resistance to water flow was located in the roots. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Zotz, G AU - Tyree, M T AU - Patino, S AD - USDA Forest Serv., 705 Spear St., Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 359 EP - 365 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Huber value KW - vulnerability curve KW - Panama, Barro Colorado Island KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - flooding KW - tropical regions KW - specific conductivity KW - water potentials KW - leaves KW - permeability coefficient KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16087744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+architecture+and+water+relations+of+a+flood-tolerant+tropical+tree%2C+Annona+glabra&rft.au=Zotz%2C+G%3BTyree%2C+M+T%3BPatino%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zotz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - permeability coefficient; tropical regions; specific conductivity; flooding; leaves; water potentials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved electroporation protocol and vectors for Streptococcus bovis AN - 16065302; 4106379 AB - An improved method for electroporation of the ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis was developed. The organism was grown aerobically in hyperosmotic medium in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) glycine, and electroporation was carried out in a sucrose-glycerol solution with a field strength of 12.5 kV/cm, 200 Omega resistance and 25 mu F capacitance. Electroporation efficiencies of 0.5 to 2.0 x 10 super(5) transformants/ mu g DNA were achieved. Improved vectors for S. bovis were developed that include a multiple cloning site, and also a promoter region from the S. bovis intracellular amylase gene that may serve as an expression system for foreign genes. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Wyckoff, HA AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 269 EP - 272 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - expression vectors KW - electroporation KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16065302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Improved+electroporation+protocol+and+vectors+for+Streptococcus+bovis&rft.au=Wyckoff%2C+HA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Wyckoff&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - expression vectors; electroporation; Streptococcus bovis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of corn fibre sugars by an engineered xylose utilizing Saccharomyces yeast strain AN - 16064763; 4106388 AB - The ability of a recombinant Saccharomyces yeast strain to ferment the sugars glucose, xylose, arabinose and galactose which are the predominant monosaccharides found in corn fibre hydrolysates has been examined. Saccharomyces strain 1400 (pLNH32) was genetically engineered to ferment xylose by expressing genes encoding a xylose reductase, a xylitol dehydrogenase and a xylulose kinase. The recombinant efficiently fermented xylose alone or in the presence of glucose. Xylose-grown cultures had very little difference in xylitol accumulation, with only 4 to 5 g/l accumulating, in aerobic, micro-aerated and anaerobic conditions. Highest production of ethanol with all sugars was achieved under anaerobic conditions. From a mixture of glucose (80 g/l) and xylose (40 g/l), this strain produced 52 g/l ethanol, equivalent to 85% of theoretical yield, in less than 24 h. Using a mixture of glucose (31 g/l), xylose (15.2 g/l), arabinose (10.5 g/l) and galactose (2 g/l), all of the sugars except arabinose were consumed in 24 h with an accumulation of 22 g ethanol/l, a 90% yield (excluding the arabinose in the calculation since it is not fermented). Approximately 98% theoretical yield, or 21 g ethanol/l, was achieved using an enzymatic hydrolysate of ammonia fibre exploded corn fibre containing an estimated 47.0 g mixed sugars/l. In all mixed sugar fermentations, less than 25% arabinose was consumed and converted into arabitol. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Dien, B S AU - Skory, C D AU - Chen, Z D AU - Hespell, R B AU - Ho, NWY AU - Dale, B E AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 341 EP - 346 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - sugars KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Saccharomyces KW - Zea mays KW - fermentation KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+corn+fibre+sugars+by+an+engineered+xylose+utilizing+Saccharomyces+yeast+strain&rft.au=Moniruzzaman%2C+M%3BDien%2C+B+S%3BSkory%2C+C+D%3BChen%2C+Z+D%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BHo%2C+NWY%3BDale%2C+B+E%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Moniruzzaman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fermentation; Saccharomyces; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing models of unthinned red pine plantation dynamics using a modified Bakuzis matrix of stand properties AN - 16064282; 4106315 AB - The comprehensive graphical matrix of even-aged stand property inter-dependence, first developed by E.V. Bakuzis, facilitates identification and understanding of the relationship among stand properties. Bakuzis' original matrix of eight stand properties, contained 64 cells, was symmetric, but only about 11 of the 64 relationships had shown enough regularity among species to have been named. In this paper I simplify the Bakuzis matrix by reordering the rows and columns to make a more compact, lower triangular arrangement of eight rules or law-like relationships. I then demonstrate matrix use by looking for structural flaws in two models of unthinned red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation dynamics in the Lake States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan) (STEMS and REDPINE), and one from Ontario (yield tables from Petawawa). Flaws were found in each source of projections. REDPINE violates the Sukachev effect, predicts trees will have larger diameters on poor sites than on good sites, and that site has a significant effect on the mean height-stem frequency relation. All bi-variate relations for the Petawawa data are identical, which violates several rules. The STEMS program does the poorest job of the three methods of predicting unthinned red pine plantation stand development, primarily because site index has very little effect on any of the stand variables. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Leary, R A AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 33 EP - 46 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Norway pine KW - Red pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - plantations KW - models KW - Canada, Ontario KW - USA KW - Pinus resinosa KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Testing+models+of+unthinned+red+pine+plantation+dynamics+using+a+modified+Bakuzis+matrix+of+stand+properties&rft.au=Leary%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus resinosa; USA; Canada, Ontario; models; plantations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of air-drying methods for evaluating the desiccation tolerance of liquid culture-produced blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus AN - 16064237; 4106385 AB - Various drying methods were tested to identify a standard procedure for evaluating the desiccation tolerance of liquid culture-produced blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. Since our work is focused on optimizing fermentation conditions for the production of P. fumosoroseus, the criteria for selecting a drying method included ease of use, moderate spore survival after drying and limited variation in spore survival. Three air-drying methods were tested: P. fumosoroseus blastospores mixed with silica gel, with sand, or with diatomaceous earth. Humidity controlled drying was used in the diatomaceous earth drying method. Blastospore survivals after drying were 19% (C.V. range, 32 to 45%), 82% (C.V. range, 26 to 43%), and 2% (C.V. range 32 to 50%) for the silica gel, sand, and diatomaceous earth methods, respectively. Blastospores dried using the silica gel and sand methods had been rinsed in 0.7 M polyethylene glycol before drying and rehydrated in the same solution for determination of survival. The variation observed within each method was similar. The silica gel drying method was selected as most appropriate for our studies based on moderate blastospore survival (19%) and ease of use. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Cliquet, S AU - Jackson, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 299 EP - 303 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - blastospores KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - desiccation KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+air-drying+methods+for+evaluating+the+desiccation+tolerance+of+liquid+culture-produced+blastospores+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus&rft.au=Cliquet%2C+S%3BJackson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cliquet&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - desiccation; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propagating uncertainty through spatial estimation processes for old-growth subalpine forests using sequential Gaussian simulation in GIS AN - 16063225; 4106321 AB - Based on data from 83 plot locations, the geostatistical Monte Carlo technique of sequential Gaussian simulation (s.G.s.) was used to generate 1000 independent spatially continuous representations of three variables. These were then used in a geographic information system analysis to create maps of relative uncertainty for estimated areas of potential old-growth forest conditions across a 121 hectare first-order subalpine watershed. First, identical selection criteria were applied to each of the 1000 three-layer input sets to determine areas that simultaneously satisfied three old-growth forest conditions for mean stem diameter, percent crown cover, and mean age of overstory stems. This created 1000 equally probable realizations of potential old growth for the study area. An uncertainty image for the potential old-growth forest areas was created by summing these realizations. Cells were selected from the image histogram that indicated the highest proportions of old-growth conditions. Spatially, these results followed those obtained from a similar analysis using kriging. s.G.s. is recommended as a generic spatial Monte Carlo technique that can be used to assess stochastic elements in complex integrated ecological predictions. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Mowrer, H T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - sub-alpine environments KW - geographic information systems KW - D 04150:High altitude environments KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16063225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Propagating+uncertainty+through+spatial+estimation+processes+for+old-growth+subalpine+forests+using+sequential+Gaussian+simulation+in+GIS&rft.au=Mowrer%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Mowrer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; geographic information systems; forests; sub-alpine environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) on fungicide-treated peanut seed in relationship to plant growth and yield AN - 16062828; 4106387 AB - Survival and viability of Bradyrhizobium inoculant on fungicide-treated peanut seed and the resulting effects on nitrogen fixation, plant growth and seed yield were determined. Vitavax and Benomyl had the most and least lethal actions against Bradyrhizobium strains grown on YEM medium containing a fungicide, respectively, while Thiram and Captan effects were intermediate. Survival of Bradyrhizobium USDA 3384 and USDA 3456, as single strain peat inoculants, on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. var. Florunner) seeds treated with Benomyl or Vitavax at the rate of 3 g/kg seed was also examined. Both fungicides inhibited the growth and affected the survival of strain USDA 3384 on peanut seed. Vitavax killed the inoculant in 9 h. In contrast, USDA 3456 resisted both fungicides, and survived for up to 72 h. Nodule formation on greenhouse-grown plants inoculated with USDA 3384 was inhibited by all fungicides. Shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen content significantly decreased as compared to controls. Fungicides, except Vitavax, had a slight effect on nodulation and plant growth when USDA 3456 was used as inoculant. The agronomic importance of fungicide-inoculant interaction was examined in field experiments conducted in Egypt in soil free of peanut-nodulating Bradyrhizobium, where seeds were treated with a combination of two fungicides and a single strain peat inoculant of either USDA 3384 or USDA 3456. All fungicides decreased nodulation, nitrogen fixation, plant growth and seed yield, especially with USDA 3384 as inoculant. Fungicides inhibited viability and survival of Bradyrhizobium on peanut seeds which decreased nodule formation leading to reduced peanut seed yield. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Hashem, F M AU - Saleh, SA AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Voll, M AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 335 EP - 340 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - fungicides KW - seeds KW - nitrogen fixation KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16062828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Bradyrhizobium+sp.+%28Arachis%29+on+fungicide-treated+peanut+seed+in+relationship+to+plant+growth+and+yield&rft.au=Hashem%2C+F+M%3BSaleh%2C+SA%3BVan+Berkum%2C+P%3BVoll%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hashem&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seeds; fungicides; nitrogen fixation; Arachis hypogaea; Bradyrhizobium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolated septic arthritis due to Streptococcus bovis AN - 16060165; 4099134 AB - Streptococcus bovis is commonly present in the rumen of ruminant animals and in the feces of 10%-16% of immunocompetent humans. In humans, S. bovis has been identified as a causative agent for endocarditis, bacteremia, and meningitis. Most notably, reports have associated S. bovis infection with colonic malignancy. Isolation of S. bovis from synovial fluid is a rare finding. We report, to our knowledge, the second documented case of septic arthritis due to S. bovis. Since the patient was a dairy farmer, both a ruminal origin of infection and colonic malignancy were investigated. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Grant, R J AU - Shang, W Y AU - Whitehead, T R AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1021 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - farms KW - arthritis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16060165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Isolated+septic+arthritis+due+to+Streptococcus+bovis&rft.au=Grant%2C+R+J%3BShang%2C+W+Y%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1021&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; arthritis; farms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applicability of the forest stand growth simulator PROGNAUS for the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif AN - 16059883; 4104960 AB - Our objective is to examine the applicability of the basal area increment model in the PROGNAUS forest stand growth simulator using independent permanent plot data. The simulator is designed to forecast the development of both pure even-aged and mixed-species uneven-aged stands in Austria using distance-independent individual tree methodology. The primary model is for the basal area increment (BAI), which is predicted from size (diameter, crown ratio), competition (basal area of larger trees, crown competition factor), and site descriptors. Because the model must be able to simulate the development of both uneven- and even-aged stands, site index and age are intentionally not used as predictors. Available for testing is an independent data set of 22 permanent plots in mixed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)-Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands in the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif, northeastern Austria. The validation plots were remeasured for three 5-year periods between 1977 and 1992. The prediction interval (95% confidence) for the basal area increment over the full 15-year period was 62-157%, with a mean of 99% of the observed increment. A plot-specific adjustment of the model's intercept using past increment did not improve predictions for Norway spruce, but did improve predictions for Scots pine. Thus, important site-specific variation not captured by the Scots pine model can nevertheless be accounted for by using increment calibration. A time trend towards increasing underestimation of the increment was detected in the later growth periods of the validation data. This trend agrees with a frequently reported increase in the site potential of central European stands, possibly caused by changing weather conditions, nitrogen deposition, and abandoning of litter raking. For future model development, as many growth periods as possible should be used to parameterize increment models, although even this cannot account for a long term change in the site potential. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Sterba, H AU - Monserud, R A AD - Intermountain Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1221 S. Main St., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 23 EP - 34 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Scotch pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - Austria KW - Picea abies KW - growth KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Applicability+of+the+forest+stand+growth+simulator+PROGNAUS+for+the+Austrian+part+of+the+Bohemian+Massif&rft.au=Sterba%2C+H%3BMonserud%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Sterba&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus sylvestris; Picea abies; Austria; models; forests; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass and nutrient dynamics of decaying litter from Passiflora mollissima and selected native species in a Hawaiian montane rain forest AN - 16039878; 4085772 AB - The structure and functioning of Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha forests between 1200 and 1800 m elevation on the island of Hawaii are being threatened by Passiflora mollissima, an aggressive introduced liana from South America. This study was done to evaluate the short-term decomposition dynamics of Passiflora and selected native leaf and twig litter. The nutrient-rich, non-sclerophyllous Passiflora leaves completely disappeared in less than 5 mo. The estimated time for native leaf litter to lose 95% of initial dry weight ranged from 1.65 y for N-rich Acacia phyllodes to 6.67 y for Cibotium glaucum; for woody litter, the time ranged from 4.5 y for Acacia twigs to 23 y for Acacia bark. Except for Cibotium frond litter, decay rates were significantly correlated with initial lignin-ash ratios. Passiflora litter did not accelerate decomposition of Acacia and Metrosideros leaf litter. Passiflora, Acacia, and Metrosideros leaf litter showed net mineralization of N, P, Ca, K, and Mg during the study. Cibotium frond litter showed significant accumulation of N, Ca, and Mg; P levels stayed constant and K was rapidly lost. In general, twigs experienced a net loss of most nutrients, while bark experienced either no change or a significant net gain of nutrients. Nutrient cycling has increased in P. mollissima infested forests. JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology AU - Scowcroft, P G AD - Inst. Pacific Islands Forest., USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 407 EP - 426 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0266-4674, 0266-4674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient dynamics KW - decomposition KW - USA, Hawaii KW - litter KW - rain forests KW - Passiflora mollissima KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Mass+and+nutrient+dynamics+of+decaying+litter+from+Passiflora+mollissima+and+selected+native+species+in+a+Hawaiian+montane+rain+forest&rft.au=Scowcroft%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.issn=02664674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Passiflora mollissima; USA, Hawaii; litter; rain forests; decomposition; nutrient dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth response and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei fed different sources of dietary lipid AN - 16032198; 4089552 AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding various sources of dietary lipid on weight gain, feed conversion, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei. Seven semi-purified diets (35% protein and 3400 kcal of metabolizable energy kg-1) containing defatted, freeze-dried shrimp meal, 1.0% soybean lecithin and 0.5% cholesterol were supplemented with 6.5% of either stearic acid, coconut, safflower, corn, soybean, linseed or menhaden fish oils. Each diet was fed to shrimp (1.00 plus or minus 0.03 g average weight) in four replicate aquaria four times daily for 10 weeks. Weight gain, feed conversion and survival were best for shrimp fed the diet containing menhaden fish oil. Shrimp fed the linseed oil diet had the second highest weight gain, followed by shrimp on soybean oil, corn oil, stearic acid, coconut oil and safflower oil diets, respectively. Feed conversion values were a reflection of weight gain. Results of this study show that both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are dietary essential for juvenile Penaeus vannamei, although n-3 fatty acids promoted faster growth than n-6. However, highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) had better growth-promoting effect than 18:3n-3, due probably to the limited ability of shrimp to bioconvert fatty acids to polyenoic forms of longer chain length. The fatty acid composition of the shrimp generally reflected that of the dietary lipids, especially for the diets containing unsaturated fatty acids. Shrimp fed stearic acid and coconut oil diets low in polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulated high levels of 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Aquaculture AU - Lim, C AU - Ako, H AU - Brown, CL AU - Hahn, K AD - Tropical Aquaculture Research Unit, USDA-ARS-PWA, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 143 EP - 153 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 151 IS - 1-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Penaeus vannamei KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - feeding experiments KW - Marine KW - animal nutrition KW - shrimp culture KW - polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Growth+response+and+fatty+acid+composition+of+juvenile+Penaeus+vannamei+fed+different+sources+of+dietary+lipid&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BAko%2C+H%3BBrown%2C+CL%3BHahn%2C+K&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feeding experiments; animal nutrition; shrimp culture; polyunsaturated fatty acids; Marine ER - TY - CONF T1 - Factors related to diversity of decomposer fungi in tropical forests AN - 16029862; 4094943 AB - Recent studies suggest that host-preferences are common among certain groups of tropical fungal decomposers but rare in others, and sometimes occur where we least expect them. Host preferences among microfungi and ascomycetes that decompose leaf litter are common but usually involve differences in relative frequencies more than presence/absence, so their diversity may be loosely correlated with species richness of host trees. Strong host-specificity appears to be rare among wood decomposer fungi, whereas characteristics of their substrata and habitat are very important for this group. Anthropogenic disturbance predisposed a tropical forest to subsequent hurricane damage, and the resulting direct and indirect effects on host diversity and habitat heterogeneity were reflected in the decomposer fungal community more than sixty years after the original disturbance. While species richness of dictyostelid slime molds and functional diversity of their bacterial prey increased with disturbance, the more diverse microfungi and ascomycetes were apparently negatively affected by disturbance. JF - Biodiversity and Conservation AU - Lodge, D J Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 681 EP - 688 VL - 6 IS - 5 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - forests KW - fungi KW - decomposition KW - species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16029862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=Factors+related+to+diversity+of+decomposer+fungi+in+tropical+forests&rft.au=Lodge%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.issn=09603115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards a virtual reality for plant-associated fungi in the United States and Canada AN - 16024923; 4092370 AB - At present knowledge of fungal biodiversity in North America is scattered in diverse sources ranging from well-reviewed, comprehensive databases to unedited databases of reports from the literature, information on file cards, and uncomputerized reference collections. Resources available electronically were used to determine their relative importance in evaluating the plant-associated fungi known from the United States and to a lesser extent Canada. The results demonstrate that the literature provides the greatest information but that reference collections in the US National Fungus Collections contribute between 22-31% additional data. Little overlap exists between fungi isolated as endophytes and those reported in the literature or as reference collections. Eighty to 100% of the plant-associated fungi reported from Canada are accounted for in comprehensive resources for the United States. A comprehensive database of plant-associated fungi in Canada, the United States, and eventually Mexico would serve as a valuable resource for those making plant quarantine decisions. JF - Biodiversity and Conservation AU - Rossman, A Y AU - Farr, D F Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 739 EP - 751 VL - 6 IS - 5 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - fungi KW - Canada KW - data bases KW - species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16024923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=Towards+a+virtual+reality+for+plant-associated+fungi+in+the+United+States+and+Canada&rft.au=Rossman%2C+A+Y%3BFarr%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.issn=09603115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successional changes in plant species diversity and composition after clearcutting a southern Appalachian watershed AN - 16021637; 4089843 AB - Watershed 7, a southwest-facing watershed in the Coweeta Basin, western North Carolina, USA, was clearcut in 1977. Twenty-four permanent plots were inventoried in 1974 before cutting and in 1977, 1979, 1984, and 1993 after clearcutting. This study evaluates changes in species diversity during early succession after clearcutting and differences in overstory tree and ground flora response to disturbance by clearcutting and their interaction with previous disturbances and subsequent stand development. To quantify species diversity, we computed Shannon-Weaver's index of diversity (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J'). Woody species diversity remained relatively stable; however, woody species richness increased in the cove-hardwoods and hardwood-pines, but remained relatively constant in the mixed-oak hardwoods. Although revegetation was rapid, forest composition has changed through succession. Opportunistic species, such as Liriodendron tulipifera, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Acer rubrum, increased in abundance, whereas Quercus velutina, Carya spp., and Q. rubra decreased. Ground flora diversity declined in the cove-hardwoods and mixed-oak hardwoods communities, but the decrease in the hardwood-pines was not significant. The abundance (g biomass m-2) of ground flora was much lower in 1993 than in 1984; 79% less in the cove-hardwoods, 90% less in the mixed-oak hardwoods, and 79% less in the hardwood-pines. Watershed 7 is apparently in a transition state between early and late successional species abundance. Early successional, shade-intolerant species, such as Erechtites, Solidago, Eupatorium, Panicum, and Aster, have declined, whereas late successional, shade-tolerant species, such as Viola, Galium, Sanguinaria, Uvularia, and Veratrum are not yet well established. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Elliott, K J AU - Boring, L R AU - Swank, W T AU - Haines, B R AD - USDA For. Serv., SRS, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 67 EP - 85 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - clear-cutting KW - ecological effects KW - clear cutting KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, North Carolina KW - watersheds KW - forestry KW - trees KW - species diversity KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16021637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Successional+changes+in+plant+species+diversity+and+composition+after+clearcutting+a+southern+Appalachian+watershed&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BBoring%2C+L+R%3BSwank%2C+W+T%3BHaines%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clear-cutting; watersheds; forestry; species diversity; ecological effects; trees; forests; USA, North Carolina; clear cutting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen fixation in root-colonized large woody residue of Oregon coastal forests AN - 16020867; 4089852 AB - Coarse woody residues are conspicuous features of the forest floor in coastal Oregon forests. They provide habitats for plants, animals, and a diversity of microorganisms. Live plants are partially or completely rooted in the woody residues. This study provides baseline information on nitrogenase activities (nitrogen fixation) and populations of nitrogen-fixating organisms in root-colonized and noncolonized woody residues on forest and clearcut sites. Coarse woody residue of decay classes IV-V were sampled at three sites of Douglas-fir stands having varying amounts of understory vegetation. Nitrogen-fixation activity in woody residues was detected on all three sites. The woody residues at lower elevation sites near the coast had the least nitrogen-fixing activity and nitrogen-fixing bacterial populations. Plant colonized and noncolonized woody residues had significantly higher nitrogenase activity than the adjacent soils, but the activity between the colonized and noncolonized woody residues did not differ significantly. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Crawford, R H AU - Li, CY AU - Floyd, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 229 EP - 234 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - disturbance KW - debris KW - nitrogenase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - nitrogen fixation KW - fungi KW - soil microorganisms KW - bacteria KW - USA, Oregon KW - A 01044:General KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+fixation+in+root-colonized+large+woody+residue+of+Oregon+coastal+forests&rft.au=Crawford%2C+R+H%3BLi%2C+CY%3BFloyd%2C+M&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Oregon; nitrogen fixation; forests; disturbance; bacteria; fungi; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus in winter wheat AN - 16017475; 4086442 AB - The dynamics of wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus in winter wheat were studied during two crop cycles in a field site with a history of high virus incidence. Individual plants of two susceptible cultivars were sampled from autumn to spring and the presence of virus antigen in roots and leaves was determined by ELISA. Virus incidence was higher in cv. Frankenmuth than in cv. Augusta. During year one, incidence of viral antigen in roots remained very low for four months after sowing, and did not reach maximum levels until the following spring. During year two, incidence of viral antigen in roots rose to maximum levels in autumn, only three months after sowing. These results strongly suggested that root infection occurred in spring as well as in autumn. In both cultivars and in both years, we detected the virus in roots one month prior to its detection in leaves, suggesting that virus moves slowly from roots into leaves. Maximum incidence of virus in leaves occurred in spring of both years, coinciding with the period of symptom development. Typical symptoms (yellow streaks, spindles, and mosaic) were observed in year two, whereas only mild mosaic was observed in year one. Virus antigen was detected in nonsymptomatic leaves from two months after sowing through crop senescence. Because antigen could be detected in roots throughout the crop cycle, and zoosporangia and cystosori of the fungal vector could be detected one and two months, respectively, after sowing, it is possible that wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus is acquired and /or spread by the vector during the majority of the crop cycle. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Carroll, JE AU - Bergstrom, G C AU - Gray, S M AD - Dep. Plant Pathol., USDA-ARS, 334 Plant Sci. Bldg., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 313 EP - 321 VL - 103 IS - 4 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - roots KW - wheat spindle streak mosaic virus KW - antigenicity KW - symptoms KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Polymyxa graminis KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16017475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wheat+spindle+streak+mosaic+bymovirus+in+winter+wheat&rft.au=Carroll%2C+JE%3BBergstrom%2C+G+C%3BGray%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat spindle streak mosaic virus; Triticum aestivum; Polymyxa graminis; symptoms; antigenicity; roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks AN - 16010561; 4080887 AB - A novel dendroecological procedure was developed to elucidate canopy disturbances spanning a >300-yr period for oak (Quercus) forests of central Pennsylvania. Running comparisons of sequential 10-yr ring-width averages may effectively neutralize both short-term (i.e., drought) and long-term growth trends associated with climate while enhancing detection of abrupt and sustained radial-growth increases characteristic of canopy disturbance. Thinning-response studies revealed the conservative tendencies of overstory oak, with substantial basal area reductions (>1/3) required to attain moderate and consistently detectable growth increases. Based on empirical evidence, a minimum growth-response threshold of 25% was established to depict canopy disturbances. This is in contrast to the 50-100% sustained radial-growth release often used to detect disturbance using understory trees in closed forests. Our default threshold was adjusted higher as necessary for those trees highly correlated to climatic trends (as represented by the Palmer drought severity index). Canopy disturbances detected with this dendroecological approach were further substantiated using tree-recruitment data (age cohorting). By coupling these data sets, we estimated return intervals of standwide disturbance from 21 yr in presettlement times (prior to 1775) and during heavy Euro-American exploitation (1775-1900) to 31 yr in modern times (after 1900). Although disturbance periodicity remained stable between presettlement and early post-settlement (exploitation) eras, the mode of disturbance shifted from mainly natural (wind and fire) to anthropogenic forces (intense harvesting for charcoal production), based on the historical record. In the process, presettlement oak-pine (Pinus)-chestnut (Castanea) forests on ridges were rapidly converted to young coppice stands of oak and chestnut. The reduction of harvesting and fire events coupled with the eradication of chestnut by blight this century have allowed these coppice stands to mature into oak-dominated forests that exist today. This analytical technique for ascertaining disturbance histories holds much potential and should be considered for use with mature, overstory trees in other forest types with appropriate modifications. JF - Ecological Monographs AU - Nowacki, G J AU - Abrams, MD AD - USDA Forest Serv., Alaska Region, P.O. Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 225 EP - 249 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9615, 0012-9615 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - disturbance KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Quercus KW - growth KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Monographs&rft.atitle=Radial-growth+averaging+criteria+for+reconstructing+disturbance+histories+from+presettlement-origin+oaks&rft.au=Nowacki%2C+G+J%3BAbrams%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Nowacki&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Monographs&rft.issn=00129615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA, Pennsylvania; disturbance; growth; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the intestines of neonatal calves AN - 16006282; 4082999 AB - Cattle are an important reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains, foodborne pathogens that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. EHEC O157:H7 strains are not pathogenic in calves >3 weeks old. Our objective was to determine if EHEC O157:H7 strains are pathogenic in neonatal calves. Calves <36 h old inoculated with EHEC O157:H7 developed diarrhea and enterocolitis with attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions in both the large and small intestines by 18 h postinoculation. The severity of diarrhea and inflammation, and also the frequency and extent of A/E lesions, increased by 3 days postinoculation. We conclude that EHEC O157:H7 strains are pathogenic in neonatal calves. The neonatal calf model is relevant for studying the pathogenesis of EHEC O157:H7 infections in cattle. It should also be useful for identifying ways to reduce EHEC O157:H7 infections in cattle and thus reduce the risk of EHEC O157:H7 disease in humans. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Moon, H W AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1842 EP - 1848 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - pathogenicity KW - Shiga toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - lesions KW - reservoirs KW - enterocolitis KW - neonates KW - Escherichia coli KW - intestine KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16006282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+the+intestines+of+neonatal+calves&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BBosworth%2C+B+T%3BCray%2C+WC+Jr%3BMoon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1842&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; reservoirs; intestine; diarrhea; enterocolitis; lesions; neonates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin by Gibberella fujikuroi from rice from various geographic areas AN - 16004986; 4077750 AB - Gibberella fujikuroi strains isolated from rice in the United States, Asia, and other geographic areas were tested for sexual fertility with members of mating population D and for production of fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin in culture. Of the 59 field strains tested, 32 (54%) were able to cross with tester strains of mating population D, but only a few ascospores were produced in most of these crosses. Thirty-four strains produced more than 10 mu g of fumonisin B sub(1) per g, but only three strains produced more than 1000 mu g/g. Twenty-five strains produced more than 100 mu g of moniliformin per g, and 15 produced more than 1,000 mu g/g. Seven field strains produced both fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin, but none of these strains produced a high level of fumonisin B sub(1) (>1,000 mu g/g). However, a genetic cross between a strain that produced fumonisin B sub(1) but no moniliformin and a strain that produced moniliformin but no fumonisin B sub(1) yielded progeny that produced high levels of both toxins. Strains of G. fujikuroi isolated from rice infected with bakanae disease are similar to strains of mating population D isolated from maize in their ability to produce both fumonisins and moniliformin. This finding suggests a potential for contamination of rice with both fumonisins and moniliformin. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Nelson, P E AD - Mycotoxin Res., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1838 EP - 1842 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - moniliformin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA KW - Asia KW - Gibberella fujikuroi KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16004986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+and+moniliformin+by+Gibberella+fujikuroi+from+rice+from+various+geographic+areas&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gibberella fujikuroi; USA; Asia; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of trichothecenes in liquid cultures of a Fusarium sporotrichioides mutant lacking a functional trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase AN - 16002206; 4077747 AB - A mutant strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 produced by disruption of Tri11, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, Was shown to be altered in its ability to biosynthesize T-2 toxin. This mutant strain produced four trichothecenes that were not observed in cultures of the parent strain. The compounds were identified as isotrichodermin, 8-hydroxyisotrichodermin, 8-hydroxyisotrichodermol, and 3,4,8-trihydroxytricothecene on the basis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. This is the first report of these 8-hydroxytrichothecenes as metabolites of F. sporotrichioides. The accumulation of isotrichodermin and the results of whole-cell feeding experiments with a Tri11 super(-) strain confirm that oxygenation of C-15 is blocked. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - McCormick, S P AU - Hohn, T M AD - USDA/ARS/NCAUR, 185 N. Univ., Preoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1685 EP - 1688 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 8-hydroxytricothecenes KW - T-2 toxin KW - Tri11 gene KW - trichothecenes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium sporotrichioides KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16002206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+trichothecenes+in+liquid+cultures+of+a+Fusarium+sporotrichioides+mutant+lacking+a+functional+trichothecene+C-15+hydroxylase&rft.au=McCormick%2C+S+P%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycotoxins; Fusarium sporotrichioides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed treatment with a fungal or a bacterial antagonist for reducing corn damping-off caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium AN - 15982978; 4072134 AB - Bioassays were conducted under greenhouse conditions to test the efficacy of antagonists applied to corn (Zea mays) seed for protection against seed rot and seedling damping-off at 18 and 25 degree C in a field soil artificially infested with a combination of Pythium ultimum, P. arrhenomanes and Fusarium graminearum. Biomass of Gliocladium virens isolates Gl-3 or Gl-21, Trichoderma viride isolate Tv-1, or peat-based slurry of Burkholderia cepacia isolates Bc-B, Bc-T, or Bc-1 was coated individually onto corn seeds in one test, and Gl-3 or Bc-B at four inoculum levels was used in another test. Seed treatments with most of the biocontrol agents, as well as with the fungicide captan, significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased seedling stand, plant height and fresh weight, and decreased root rot severity compared with untreated seeds in pathogen-infested soil. Coating seeds with the biocontrol fungus G. virens isolate Gl-3 was the most effective treatment, resulting in greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) seedling stand, plant height, and fresh weight, and lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) severity of root rot than those parameters from seeds treated with captan or other antagonists at both temperatures. The results from the seeds treated with Gl-3 were similar to those of untreated seeds in noninfested soil. In treatments with Bc-1, Bc-T, Bc-B, or Tv-1, incubation temperature affected plant emergence, root rot severity, plant height, and fresh weight (P less than or equal to 0.01). Conversely, in seeds coated with Gl-3 or Gl-21, these parameters were similar at both temperatures. The minimum number of propagules needed per corn seed to obtain plant emergence comparable to that from captan-treated seeds was between 10 super(4) and 10 super(5) CFU for Gl-3 and >10 super(8) for Bc-B. When propagules of Gl-3 were applied at a rate >10 super(6) CFU per seed, seedling emergence was greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) than that from captan-treated seeds. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mao, W AU - Lewis, JA AU - Hebbar, P K AU - Lumsden, R D AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 450 EP - 454 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Pythium arrhenomanes KW - captan KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - damping-off KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Zea mays KW - seed treatments KW - Gliocladium virens KW - seed rot KW - Burkholderia cepacia KW - Trichoderma viride KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - seedlings KW - A 01043:Seed treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15982978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Seed+treatment+with+a+fungal+or+a+bacterial+antagonist+for+reducing+corn+damping-off+caused+by+species+of+Pythium+and+Fusarium&rft.au=Mao%2C+W%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BHebbar%2C+P+K%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Pythium ultimum; Fusarium graminearum; Gliocladium virens; Trichoderma viride; Burkholderia cepacia; seed treatments; seed rot; seedlings; damping-off ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abscisic acid-responsive protein, bovine serum albumin, and proline pretreatments improve recovery of in vitro currant shoot-tip meristems and callus cryopreserved by vitrification AN - 15971659; 4071104 AB - Improved recovery of vitrified currant (Ribes aureum Pursh and R. ciliatum Humb. & Bonpl.) meristems and callus was obtained following 2 h pretreatment in sucrose, proline, abscisic acid-responsive proteins (RABP), or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Two hours immersion in 0.4 M RIB-SM prior to vitrification greatly improved the regrowth of meristems compared to 0, 1, 3, and 4 h immersion. Two hours immersion of meristems in 5 and 10% proline dissolved in 0.4 M RIB-SM significantly improved regrowth following vitrification. Initial tests with extracts of crude RABP from wheat seeds showed that regrowth of vitrified Ribes apical meristems improved after 2 h immersion pretreatment with the highest survival at 1% RABP. RABP preparations containing equivalent proteins (1% crude or 0.2% dialyzed RABP) had similar effects on regrowth, indicating that the effect was from the proteins rather than sugars and other carbohydrates in the crude RABP extracts. Pretreatments of meristems and callus with 5 or 10% proline, 1% crude RABP, or 1% BSA in 0.4 M sucrose solutions produced similar results. Pretreated meristems resumed growth 3 days after warming and reached the maximum regrowth at 1 week, compared to 2 weeks for non-pretreatment controls. We suggest using a 1% BSA pretreatment as the most economical and available of the materials tested. JF - Cryobiology AU - Luo, Jie AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR 97330-2521, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 240 EP - 250 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0011-2240, 0011-2240 KW - Ribes ciliatum KW - abscisic acid KW - meristem KW - proline KW - sucrose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - callus KW - bovine serum albumin KW - Ribes aureum KW - tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15971659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryobiology&rft.atitle=Abscisic+acid-responsive+protein%2C+bovine+serum+albumin%2C+and+proline+pretreatments+improve+recovery+of+in+vitro+currant+shoot-tip+meristems+and+callus+cryopreserved+by+vitrification&rft.au=Luo%2C+Jie%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryobiology&rft.issn=00112240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - callus; bovine serum albumin; tissue culture; Ribes aureum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An elicitor of plant volatiles from beet armyworm oral secretion AN - 15900968; 4039338 AB - The compound N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine (named here volicitin) was isolated from oral secretions of beet armyworm caterpillars. When applied to damaged leaves of corn seedlings, volicitin induces the seedlings to emit volatile compounds that attract parasitic wasps, natural enemies of the caterpillars. Mechanical damage of the leaves, without application of this compound, did not trigger release of the same blend of volatiles. Volicitin is a key component in a chain of chemical signals and biochemical processes that regulate tritrophic interactions among plants, insect herbivores, and natural enemies of the herbivores. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Alborn, H T AU - Turlings, TCJ AU - Jones, TH AU - Stenhagen, G AU - Loughrin, J H AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Cent. Med., Agric., and Vet. Entomol., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1700 Southwest 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 945 EP - 949 VL - 276 IS - 5314 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - feeding KW - parasitoids KW - Braconidae KW - beet armyworms KW - volicitin KW - N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Cotesia marginiventris KW - Zea mays KW - tri-trophic interactions KW - attractants KW - volatiles KW - kairomones KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18160:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=An+elicitor+of+plant+volatiles+from+beet+armyworm+oral+secretion&rft.au=Alborn%2C+H+T%3BTurlings%2C+TCJ%3BJones%2C+TH%3BStenhagen%2C+G%3BLoughrin%2C+J+H%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Alborn&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=5314&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera exigua; Zea mays; Cotesia marginiventris; kairomones; volatiles; tri-trophic interactions; feeding; parasitoids; attractants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternansucrase mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-21138 AN - 860373145; 13777713 AB - Alternan is a unique a-D-glucan of potential commercial interest, produced by rare strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Natural isolates that produce alternan, such as NRRL B-1355, also produce dextran as a troublesome contaminant. We previously isolated mutants of strain NRRL B-1355 that are deficient in dextran production, including the highly stable strain NRRL B-21138. In the current work, we mutagenized strain NRRL B-21138 and screened survivors for further alterations in production of alternansucrase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of alternan from sucrose. Second generation mutants included highly stable strain NRRL B-21297, which produced four-fold elevated levels of alternansucrase without an increase in the proportion of dextransucrase activity. Such alternansucrase overproducing strains will facilitate studies of this enzyme, and may become valuable for the enzymatic production of alternan. Another highly stable mutant strain, NRRL B-21414, grew slowly on sucrose with negligible production of glucan or extracellular glucansucrase activity. This strain may prove useful as an expression host for glucansucrase genes. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Ahlgren, J A AU - Cote, G L AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture*, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, US Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 278 EP - 283 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Dextran KW - Alternansucrase KW - Sucrose KW - Dextransucrase KW - Enzymes KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - Contaminants KW - glucans KW - W 30940:Products KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860373145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Alternansucrase+mutants+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+strain+NRRL+B-21138&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BAhlgren%2C+J+A%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.2900380 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dextran; Dextransucrase; Sucrose; Alternansucrase; Enzymes; Contaminants; glucans; Leuconostoc mesenteroides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900380 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bee health and international trade. AN - 79319066; 9329115 AB - The international trade in bee products is a complex issue as a result of the diverse uses of these products. This is especially true with regard to honey. In most cases, honey is imported for human consumption: the high purchase and shipping costs preclude the use of honey as feed for bees. For these reasons, the risk of transmitting disease through honey is minimal. However, this risk should not be ignored, especially in those countries where American foulbrood is not known to occur. The importation of pollen for bee feed poses a definite risk, especially since there are no acceptable procedures for determining whether pollen is free from pathogens, insects and mites. Routine drying of pollen would reduce the survival of mites and insects, but would not have any impact on bacterial spores. Phytosanitary certificates should be required for the importation of honey and pollen when destined for bee feed. The declaration on the phytosanitary certificate should include country of origin, and should state whether the following bee diseases and parasitic mites are present: American foulbrood disease, European foulbrood disease, chalkbrood disease, Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Shimanuki, H AU - Knox, D A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 172 EP - 176 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Waxes KW - beeswax KW - 8012-89-3 KW - royal jelly KW - L497I37F0C KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Animals KW - Fatty Acids -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Waxes -- adverse effects KW - Bacillus -- physiology KW - Bacillus -- isolation & purification KW - Food Parasitology KW - Pollen -- microbiology KW - Transportation KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mites -- physiology KW - Ascomycota -- physiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Pollen -- parasitology KW - Bees -- microbiology KW - Honey -- microbiology KW - Bees -- parasitology KW - Honey -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79319066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Bee+health+and+international+trade.&rft.au=Shimanuki%2C+H%3BKnox%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shimanuki&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retroviral insertional mutagenesis of a herpesvirus: a Marek's disease virus mutant attenuated for oncogenicity but not for immunosuppression or in vivo replication. AN - 79080552; 9201407 AB - Our earlier studies have shown that retrovirus insertion into herpesvirus is an efficient process that engenders recombinant herpesviruses with altered biological properties. The RM1 clone is derived from the JM strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) through retrovirus insertional mutagenesis and contains sequences of reticuloendotheliosis virus inserted at the junction of the internal repeat and unique short regions of the genome. In previous studies, the RM1 clone appeared attenuated for oncogenicity but caused marked atrophy of the thymic lobes. The present studies represent a detailed analysis of the biological characteristics of the RM1 clone in order to better understand mechanisms of oncogenicity and gene function of MDV. RM1 was almost fully attenuated for oncogenicity but retained other in vivo properties of virulent viruses such as thymic and bursal atrophy, early immunosuppression, early cytolytic infection followed by efficient replication, and contact spread--all normally absent in attenuated strains. This suggests that, for serotype 1 MDV, oncogenicity is not tightly linked with immunodepression or viral replication and that these properties may be controlled by different genes or mechanisms. The mutation was stable through serial passage of the virus in chickens as determined by molecular analysis. None of the mutant viruses demonstrated expansion of the 132-bp repeat region of the genome, indicating that such expansion is not required for attenuation. Chickens vaccinated with RM1 clones were protected against challenge with virulent MDV, and levels of protection exceeded those of other attenuated serotype 1 vaccine viruses. Thus, attenuation by selective mutation may be an advantageous strategy for development of serotype 1 Marek's disease vaccines. JF - Avian diseases AU - Witter, R L AU - Li, D AU - Jones, D AU - Lee, L F AU - Kung, H J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 407 EP - 421 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- pathology KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Genome, Viral KW - Immune Tolerance KW - Virulence KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Chickens KW - Lymphocyte Depletion KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- immunology KW - Virus Replication KW - Retroviridae -- pathogenicity KW - Marek Disease -- immunology KW - Marek Disease -- pathology KW - Retroviridae -- immunology KW - Retroviridae -- physiology KW - Marek Disease -- virology KW - Retroviridae -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79080552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Retroviral+insertional+mutagenesis+of+a+herpesvirus%3A+a+Marek%27s+disease+virus+mutant+attenuated+for+oncogenicity+but+not+for+immunosuppression+or+in+vivo+replication.&rft.au=Witter%2C+R+L%3BLi%2C+D%3BJones%2C+D%3BLee%2C+L+F%3BKung%2C+H+J&rft.aulast=Witter&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem recovery following selenium contamination in a freshwater reservoir. AN - 78992058; 9143456 AB - Belews Lake, North Carolina, was contaminated by selenium in wastewater released from a coal-fired electric generating facility during 1974-1985. Selenium bioaccumulated in aquatic food chains and caused severe reproductive failure and teratogenic deformities in fish. Beginning in 1986, the electric utility company changed its ash disposal practices and selenium-laden wastewater no longer entered the lake. A survey of selenium present in the water, sediments, benthic invertebrates, fish, and aquatic birds was conducted in 1996. Concentrations were compared to pre-1986 levels to determine how much change occurred during the decade since selenium inputs stopped. The data were also examined using a hazard assessment protocol to determine if ecosystem-level hazards to fish and aquatic birds had changed as well. Results reveal that waterborne selenium fell from a peak of 20 micrograms/liter before 1986, to < 1 microgram/liter in 1996; concentrations in biota were 85-95% lower in 1996. Hazard ratings indicate that high hazard existed prior to 1986 and that moderate hazard is still present, primarily due to selenium in the sediment-detrital food pathway. Concentrations of selenium in sediments have fallen by about 65-75%, but remain sufficiently elevated (1-4 micrograms/g) to contaminate benthic food organisms of fish and aquatic birds. Field evidence confirmed the validity of the hazard ratings. Developmental abnormalities in young fish indicate that selenium-induced teratogenesis and reproductive impairment are occurring. Moreover, the concentrations of selenium in benthic food organisms are sufficient to cause mortality in young bluegill and other centrarchids because of Winter Stress Syndrome. At the ecosystem level, recovery has been slow. Toxic effects are still evident 10 years after selenium inputs were stopped. The sediment-associated selenium will likely continue to be a significant hazard to fish and aquatic birds for years. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 275 EP - 281 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - North Carolina KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Fishes -- physiology KW - Teratogens -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Birds -- physiology KW - Ecosystem KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78992058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+recovery+following+selenium+contamination+in+a+freshwater+reservoir.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium-induced growth reduction in Brassica land races considered for phytoremediation. AN - 78975470; 9143457 AB - Brassica species considered for use in selenium (Se) phytoremediation need to accumulate large amounts of Se to be successful. Retarded plant growth and impaired protein synthesis are common symptoms for plants grown under seleniferous soils. Selenium accumulation by different land races of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss and one land race of Brassica carinata was investigated in Se-enriched water and soil cultures containing 2 mg Se kg-1. Effects of Se concentration in the root environment on the assimilation of Se, leaf surface area, dry matter yield, total leaf protein concentration, and free seleno-amino acid concentrations were analyzed for plants grown in Se-laden media. In water culture, shoot Se concentrations among the land races ranged from 501 to 1017 mg Se kg-1 dry matter (DM), and in plants grown in Se-laden soil, concentrations ranged from 407 to 769 mg Se kg-1 DM. Land races grown with Se exhibited decreases in dry matter yields from 12 to 23% and in leaf surface area from 5 to 26% compared to the same land races grown without Se. Protein content was significantly correlated both with shoot Se concentrations (r = 0.746, P < 0.001) and with leaf surface area (r = 0.446, P < 0.01) for all land races grown in Se-enriched water culture. There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.767, P < 0.001) between total Se assimilation and shoot protein for all land races. Free selenomethionine was detected for plants grown with Se and ranged from 92 to 958 ng g-1 DM. Other seleno-amino acids, Se-methyl-selenocysteine and selenocysteine, were not consistently detected as free amino acids in the different land races. Although visual symptoms of Se toxicity were not observed in the Brassica species, dry matter yield, leaf surface, and total shoot protein decreased, depending on the land races tested. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Bañuelos, G S AU - Ajwa, H A AU - Wu, L AU - Guo, X AU - Akohoue, S AU - Zambrzuski, S AD - USDA, ARS, Water Management Research Lab, Fresno, California 93727, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 282 EP - 287 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Plant Proteins KW - Selenium Compounds KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Selenium Compounds -- toxicity KW - Selenium Compounds -- analysis KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Selenium -- metabolism KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- growth & development KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Brassica -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78975470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Selenium-induced+growth+reduction+in+Brassica+land+races+considered+for+phytoremediation.&rft.au=Ba%C3%B1uelos%2C+G+S%3BAjwa%2C+H+A%3BWu%2C+L%3BGuo%2C+X%3BAkohoue%2C+S%3BZambrzuski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ba%C3%B1uelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide application during defeathering on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses prior to evisceration. AN - 78935012; 9106897 AB - The microbiological quality and skin appearance of New York dressed broiler carcasses were determined in two separate experiments after a water control, acetic acid, or H2O2 spray during defeathering. Broilers were picked up from a local processor and transported in coops to the pilot facility. In both experiments, commercial processing parameters were followed up to the defeathering step. After feather removal, the vents of all carcasses were blocked with a cotton plug to prevent contamination of the whole carcass rinse diluent with fecal material from the lower gut. The neck and feet were removed, and the carcasses were placed in individual plastic bags in preparation for a whole carcass rinse. Results showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the log10 total aerobic plate counts for carcasses treated with 1% acetic acid in comparison to the water control (log10 cfu counts = 3.93 and 4.53, respectively). No differences were observed in skin appearance due to the 1% acid treatment. The addition of 0.5, 1, or 1.5% H2O2 to spray waters had no effect on microbiological quality of the carcasses when compared to the water control (4.92, 5.01, 4.91, and 4.99 log10 counts, respectively). The skin of carcasses treated with hydrogen peroxide, regardless of the concentration was bleached and bloated. JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Whittemore, A D AD - USDA, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 657 EP - 660 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Female KW - Meat -- standards KW - Acetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Feathers KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78935012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+acetic+acid+and+hydrogen+peroxide+application+during+defeathering+on+the+microbiological+quality+of+broiler+carcasses+prior+to+evisceration.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of synthetic foot-and-mouth disease virus provirions separates acid-mediated disassembly from infectivity. AN - 78862639; 9060641 AB - One of the final steps in the maturation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is cleavage of the VP0 protein to produce VP4 and VP2. The mechanism of this cleavage is unknown, but it is thought to function in stabilizing the virus particle and priming it for infecting cells. To investigate the cleavage process and to understand its role in virion maturation, we engineered synthetic FMDV RNAs with mutations at Ala-85 (A85) and Asp-86 (D86) of VP0, which border the cleavage site. BHK cells transfected with synthetic RNAs containing substitutions at position 85 (A85N or A85H) or at position 86 (D86N) yielded particles indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) virus in sedimentation and electrophoretic profiles. Viruses derived from these transfected cells were infectious and maintained their mutant sequences upon passage. However, BHK cells transfected with synthetic RNAs encoding Phe and Lys at these positions (A85F/D86K) or a Cys at position 86 (D86C) produced noninfectious provirions with uncleaved VP0 molecules. Despite their lack of infectivity, the A85F/D86K provirions displayed cell binding and acid sensitivity similar to those of WT virus. However, acid breakdown products of the A85F/D86K provirions differed in hydrophobicity from the comparable WT virion products, which lack VP4. Taken together, these studies are consistent with a role for soluble VP4 molecules in release of the viral genome from the endosomal compartment of susceptible cells. JF - Journal of virology AU - Knipe, T AU - Rieder, E AU - Baxt, B AU - Ward, G AU - Mason, P W AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York 11944, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 2851 EP - 2856 VL - 71 IS - 4 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Capsid Proteins KW - 0 KW - RNA, Viral KW - VP2 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - VP4 protein, Rotavirus KW - Index Medicus KW - Centrifugation, Density Gradient KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Proviruses -- physiology KW - Virion -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - RNA, Viral -- chemical synthesis KW - Transfection KW - Proviruses -- genetics KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Aphthovirus -- physiology KW - Aphthovirus -- metabolism KW - Virus Assembly -- physiology KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Capsid -- metabolism KW - Aphthovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78862639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+synthetic+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus+provirions+separates+acid-mediated+disassembly+from+infectivity.&rft.au=Knipe%2C+T%3BRieder%2C+E%3BBaxt%2C+B%3BWard%2C+G%3BMason%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Knipe&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virology. 1984 Jun;135(2):542-5 [6330983] J Biol Chem. 1981 Feb 25;256(4):1604-7 [6257680] J Virol. 1985 Oct;56(1):120-6 [2411948] Virology. 1985 Nov;147(1):118-25 [2998059] J Virol. 1986 Jun;58(3):893-9 [3009894] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):21-5 [3467351] Virus Res. 1987 May;7(3):257-71 [3037820] J Virol. 1987 Oct;61(10):3199-207 [3041041] Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487-91 [2448875] J Gen Virol. 1988 Sep;69 ( Pt 9):2313-25 [2842438] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7351-67 [3045756] Nature. 1989 Feb 23;337(6209):709-16 [2537470] J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):2143-51 [2467993] Virology. 1989 Jul;171(1):76-82 [2545039] J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):1934-45 [2157861] J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4067-75 [2166805] J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2110-22 [8383233] J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):5075-8 [8392631] J Virol. 1993 Sep;67(9):5139-45 [8394441] Virology. 1993 Dec;197(2):616-23 [8249284] EMBO J. 1994 Feb 15;13(4):928-33 [8112307] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Mar 1;91(5):1932-6 [8127909] J Virol. 1994 Aug;68(8):5296-9 [8035529] Nature. 1994 Sep 1;371(6492):37-43 [8072525] Structure. 1994 Feb 15;2(2):123-39 [8081743] J Virol. 1995 Jan;69(1):430-8 [7983739] Protein Sci. 1994 Oct;3(10):1651-69 [7849583] J Virol. 1995 Apr;69(4):2664-6 [7533862] J Virol. 1996 Oct;70(10):7125-31 [8794359] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Sep 17;93(19):10428-33 [8816817] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4625-31 [2168956] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4697-702 [2168959] J Virol. 1990 Nov;64(11):5389-95 [2170677] J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):326-34 [1845893] J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):6015-23 [1681115] Virology. 1993 Feb;192(2):568-77 [8380665] J Mol Biol. 1968 Apr 28;33(2):369-78 [4302632] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] J Virol. 1972 Jan;9(1):29-40 [4333543] J Gen Virol. 1978 Nov;41(2):255-64 [214518] Arch Virol. 1979;59(1-2):69-79 [218538] Virology. 1980 Jul 15;104(1):42-55 [6249029] J Virol. 1984 Aug;51(2):298-305 [6205165] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hawaiian Quaternary paleoenvironments; a review of existing geological, pedological, and botanical evidence AN - 52695240; 1997-048922 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Gavenda, Robert T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 15 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Plantae KW - pedogenesis KW - Quaternary KW - interglacial environment KW - paleohydrology KW - landform evolution KW - paleo-oceanography KW - Hawaii KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - paleoclimatology KW - Cenozoic KW - paleoenvironment KW - glacial environment KW - Oceania KW - Polynesia KW - wind transport KW - winds KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52695240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hawaiian+Quaternary+paleoenvironments%3B+a+review+of+existing+geological%2C+pedological%2C+and+botanical+evidence&rft.au=Gavenda%2C+Robert+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gavenda&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, 93rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; East Pacific Ocean Islands; glacial environment; Hawaii; hydrology; interglacial environment; landform evolution; Oceania; paleo-oceanography; paleoclimatology; paleoenvironment; paleohydrology; pedogenesis; Plantae; Polynesia; Quaternary; soils; United States; wind transport; winds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustaining watershed research; the Reynolds Creek experimental watershed example AN - 52628605; 1998-023574 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Slaughter, Charles W A2 - Sommarstrom, Sari Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 185 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 92 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - data acquisition KW - landform evolution KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - research KW - Reynolds Creek KW - mountains KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - Owyhee County Idaho KW - basin management KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52628605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Sustaining+watershed+research%3B+the+Reynolds+Creek+experimental+watershed+example&rft.au=Slaughter%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Slaughter&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=1887192069&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth biennial watershed management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; basin management; climate; data acquisition; data processing; experimental studies; floods; fluvial features; geologic hazards; hydrology; Idaho; landform evolution; monitoring; mountains; Owyhee County Idaho; research; Reynolds Creek; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the roles of sediment waves and channel conditions over time and space AN - 52618744; 1998-023568 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Lisle, Thomas E A2 - Sommarstrom, Sari Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 57 EP - 67 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 92 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - degradation KW - waves KW - rivers and streams KW - aggradation KW - sediment supply KW - channels KW - equilibrium KW - case studies KW - transport KW - abrasion KW - sediments KW - sediment waves KW - fluvial features KW - velocity KW - stream gradient KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52618744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+roles+of+sediment+waves+and+channel+conditions+over+time+and+space&rft.au=Lisle%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=1887192069&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth biennial watershed management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abrasion; aggradation; bedload; case studies; channels; degradation; equilibrium; fluvial features; hydrology; rivers and streams; sediment supply; sediment waves; sediments; stream gradient; transport; velocity; waves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total elemental analysis digestion method evaluation on soils and clays AN - 52477643; 1999-037738 JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Wilson, M A AU - Burt, R AU - Lynn, W C AU - Klameth, L C Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 497 EP - 426 PB - Marcel Dekker, New York, NY VL - 28 IS - 6-8 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - clay KW - concentration KW - clastic sediments KW - variance analysis KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - suspended materials KW - size KW - sediments KW - oxides KW - testing KW - ecology KW - particulate materials KW - chemical composition KW - accuracy KW - instruments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52477643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Total+elemental+analysis+digestion+method+evaluation+on+soils+and+clays&rft.au=Wilson%2C+M+A%3BBurt%2C+R%3BLynn%2C+W+C%3BKlameth%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6-8&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - 12 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CSOSA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; chemical composition; clastic sediments; clay; concentration; ecology; grain size; granulometry; instruments; oxides; particulate materials; sediments; size; soils; statistical analysis; suspended materials; testing; variance analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the effects of nonpoint source pollution controls on Sny Magill Creek, Clayton County, Iowa AN - 52359619; 2000-041202 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Seigley, Lynette S AU - Wilton, Tom F AU - Wunder, Gaige AU - May, Jayne E AU - Schueller, Mike D AU - Birmingham, Mike W AU - Tisl, Jeff A AU - Palas, Eric A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 71 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - bedload KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - Clayton County Iowa KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - effects KW - nonpoint sources KW - Iowa KW - nutrients KW - controls KW - Sny Magill Creek KW - northeastern Iowa KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52359619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+effects+of+nonpoint+source+pollution+controls+on+Sny+Magill+Creek%2C+Clayton+County%2C+Iowa&rft.au=Seigley%2C+Lynette+S%3BWilton%2C+Tom+F%3BWunder%2C+Gaige%3BMay%2C+Jayne+E%3BSchueller%2C+Mike+D%3BBirmingham%2C+Mike+W%3BTisl%2C+Jeff+A%3BPalas%2C+Eric+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Seigley&rft.aufirst=Lynette&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 31st annual North-Central Section N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; Clayton County Iowa; controls; effects; Iowa; monitoring; nonpoint sources; northeastern Iowa; nutrients; pesticides; pollution; Sny Magill Creek; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical transfer from soil solution to surface runoff AN - 50168768; 1997-064870 AB - Three soils were exposed to three consecutive simulated rains under dry, wet, and water table conditions with gypsum as a tracer placed at a 5-mm depth to evaluate the extent and nature of chemical transfer from soil solution to runoff and to determine the effective depth of the mixing zone. No electrolyte release was detected in runoff during the dry run for any of the soils. Electrical conductivity decreased exponentially with time during the initial stages of the wet and water table runs. Results were consistent with the complete mixing concept, but they also suggest that the assumption of no chemical transfer into the mixing zone from below should be modified. The effective mixing depth appears to be less than 3-4 mm. Two timescale processes were identified. The fast rate process, driven by raindrop impact and confined to the mixing zone, causes an exponential depletion of chemicals from that zone. The slow rate process, dominated by molecular diffusion and mechanical dispersion, describes chemical transfer to the mixing zone from below. The identification of the two processes indicates that the fast rate process is adequate for approximating chemical loss under free drainage conditions, while otherwise the slow rate process must be considered. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Zhang, X C AU - Norton, D AU - Nearing, M A Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 809 EP - 815 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - desorption KW - surface water KW - rates KW - adsorption KW - solution KW - transport KW - mixing KW - runoff KW - water regimes KW - geochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50168768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Chemical+transfer+from+soil+solution+to+surface+runoff&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+D%3BNearing%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F96WR03908 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; desorption; experimental studies; geochemistry; hydrology; mixing; rates; runoff; soils; solution; surface water; transport; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96WR03908 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of oak wilt fungal mats by Ophiostoma piceae during spring in Minnesota AN - 17102474; 4410604 AB - The colonization of Ceratocystis fagacearum fungal mats of different ages by Ophiostoma piceae on Quercus spp. was determined in three east-central Minnesota locations during the spring of 1995. The extent of the mat area colonized by O. piceae generally increased with mat age. Subsamples per mat yielding the fungus for the three locations averaged 11 to 27% for immature mats, 65 to 72% for mature mats, and 66 to 96% for aging and declining mats. On a mat-incidence basis, frequencies of O. piceae isolation from at least one subsample of an immature mat ranged from 30 to 53% compared with more than 90% for all other mat ages in the three locations. The average number of colony-forming units of O. piceae per square centimeter ranged from 1 x 10 super(3) to 1.2 x 10 super(6) and increased with mat age. The extent of C. fagacearum recovery from each mat was lower for aging plus declining mats (P < 0.03) compared with other ages in two locations. On a mat-incidence basis, frequency of C. fagacearum recovery from at least one subsample of a mat averaged 99% for all ages of mats in all locations. The interaction between O. piceae and C. fagacearum on mats, nitidulids, and the oak wound surface is discussed. JF - Plant Disease AU - Juzwik, J AU - Meyer, J M AD - North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 410 EP - 414 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Minnesota KW - oak wilt KW - wilt KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Nitidulidae KW - Ceratocystis fagacearum KW - Quercus KW - Ophiostoma piceae KW - Graphium pirinum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+oak+wilt+fungal+mats+by+Ophiostoma+piceae+during+spring+in+Minnesota&rft.au=Juzwik%2C+J%3BMeyer%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Juzwik&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratocystis fagacearum; Graphium pirinum; Nitidulidae; Ophiostoma piceae; Quercus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of concentration of soda ash, temperature, and immersion period on the control of postharvest green mold of oranges AN - 16510377; 4414594 AB - Oranges were inoculated with spores of Penicillium digitatum, the citrus green mold pathogen, and immersed 24 h later in heated soda ash (Na sub(2)CO sub(3), sodium carbonate) solutions to control postharvest citrus green mold. Oranges were immersed for 1 or 2 min in solutions containing 0, 2, 4, or 6% (wt/vol) soda ash heated to 35.0, 40.6, 43.3, or 46.1 degree C. After 3 weeks of storage at 10 degree C, the number of decayed oranges was determined. Soda ash significantly controlled green mold in every test. The most effective control of green mold was obtained at 40.6 or 43.3 degree C with 4 or 6% soda ash. The concentration of soda ash greatly influenced efficacy, whereas the influences of temperature or immersion period on soda ash efficacy were small. Solutions of 4 and 6% soda ash were similar in efficacy and provided superior control of green mold compared with 2% soda ash. The control of green mold by soda ash solutions heated to 40.6 or 43.3 degree C was slightly superior to control by solutions heated to 35.0 or 46.1 degree C. The control of green mold by 1-min immersion of inoculated oranges in heated soda ash solutions was inferior to immersion for 2 min, but the magnitude of the difference, particularly with 6% soda ash, was small. A second-order response surface model without interactions was developed that closely described the influence of soda ash concentration, temperature, and immersion period on efficacy. The efficacy of soda ash under commercial conditions was better than that predicted by the model, probably because under commercial conditions the fruit were rinsed less thoroughly with water after treatment than in laboratory tests. The primary finding of this work was that soda ash controlled 24-h-old green mold infections at commercially useful levels using shorter immersion periods and lower temperatures than those recommended by other workers for the use of soda ash on lemons. The oranges were not visibly injured in any test. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Mackey, B E AU - Reese, R AU - Usall, J AU - Margosan, DA AD - Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 379 EP - 382 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - post-harvest decay KW - preservation KW - soda ash KW - sodium carbonate KW - spoilage KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16510377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Influence+of+concentration+of+soda+ash%2C+temperature%2C+and+immersion+period+on+the+control+of+postharvest+green+mold+of+oranges&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BMackey%2C+B+E%3BReese%2C+R%3BUsall%2C+J%3BMargosan%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of biotechnologically engineered vaccines and diagnostics in pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) eradication strategies AN - 16363214; 4314760 AB - Modern-day biotechnology has an almost unlimited number of possibilities for reducing the impact of hereditary and infectious diseases. To date one of its most visible and rewarding applications for veterinary medicine has been in the genetic engineering of vaccines and diagnostics to assist in the eventual eradication of pseudorabies (PR, Aujeszky's disease). In the following review we summarize some of the most pertinent issues relative to PR eradication and point out the present and potential role of biotechnology in achieving our goal. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Mengeling, W L AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Vorwald, A C AD - Virology Swine Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 49 EP - 60 VL - 55 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Aujeszky's disease KW - biotechnology KW - diagnostic agents KW - eradication KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16363214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+biotechnologically+engineered+vaccines+and+diagnostics+in+pseudorabies+%28Aujeszky%27s+disease%29+eradication+strategies&rft.au=Mengeling%2C+W+L%3BBrockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BVorwald%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Mengeling&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trace gas emissions from ecosystems of the Amazon basin AN - 16251445; 4237536 AB - Tropical forests of Amazonia play a major role in controlling the composition of the earth's atmosphere. Natural ecosystems of Amazonia contribute significant portions to the global budgets of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide. Amazon forest vegetation contributes to regional atmospheric chemistry as an important source of reduced gases such as volatile organics and carbon monoxide. The forest soils produce nitric oxide. Recent trends in land use change have led to increases in the sources of nitrous oxide and methane. The ozone precursor nitric oxide is internally recycled under forest conditions while deforestation leads to larger net emissions. We have limited knowledge of biosphere-atmosphere exchange of trace gases in Amazonia. However, recent advances in instrumentation approaches and the evolution in the design of interdisciplinary field campaigns enhance the prospects for successful study of this area in earth system science. JF - Ciencia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) AU - Keller, M AU - Melillo, J AU - De Mello, WZ AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intl. Inst. Trop. Forest., PO Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 87 EP - 97 VL - 49 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-6725, 0009-6725 KW - Brazil KW - environmental changes KW - forests KW - gas exchange KW - gas production KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ciencia+e+Cultura+%28Sao+Paulo%29&rft.atitle=Trace+gas+emissions+from+ecosystems+of+the+Amazon+basin&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BMelillo%2C+J%3BDe+Mello%2C+WZ&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ciencia+e+Cultura+%28Sao+Paulo%29&rft.issn=00096725&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambrosia beetle host selection among logs of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar with different ethanol and alpha -pinene concentrations AN - 16245788; 4239438 AB - Logs from Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii; western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla; and western red cedar, Thuja plicata, were left in the forest through winter. In April, segments from these logs were removed and randomly positioned adjacent to one another allowing ambrosia beetles to select their preferred host. In early June the tissues of Douglas fir and western hemlock logs contained significantly higher ethanol concentrations and ambrosia beetle (Trypodendron lineatum and Gnathotrichus spp.) densities than logs of western red cedar. Low beetle attack densities in western red cedar were probably a consequence of low ethanol concentrations. Although Douglas fir tissues produced significantly higher ethanol concentrations than western hemlock, the beetles did not effectively discriminate between these two conifer species. Ethanol and alpha -pinene were significant covariates for the ambrosia beetle densities. alpha -Pinene concentrations were highest in the phloem of western red cedar, intermediate in Douglas fir, and nearly absent in western hemlock. alpha -Pinene did not synergize the beetle's response to ethanol or to ethanol + pheromone during host selection, and it may have functioned as a deterrent. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kelsey, R G AU - Joseph, G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1035 EP - 1051 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Douglas fir KW - Douglas spruce KW - Engraver beetles KW - Oregon pine KW - Red fir KW - Striped ambrosia beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - Western redcedar KW - alpha -pinene KW - ethanol KW - host plants KW - host selection KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16245788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Ambrosia+beetle+host+selection+among+logs+of+Douglas+fir%2C+western+hemlock%2C+and+western+red+cedar+with+different+ethanol+and+alpha+-pinene+concentrations&rft.au=Kelsey%2C+R+G%3BJoseph%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of the fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and parasitoid, Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hym., Aphelinidae) on confined populations of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hom., Aphididae) under field conditions AN - 16223449; 4221068 AB - The natural enemies of Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) can play an important role in the dynamics of aphid populations. The aphelinid wasp parasite, Aphelinus asychis, and the hyphomycete fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, were evaluated separately and in combination against confined populations of D. noxia under field conditions. Groups of 10 infested barley plants were treated in a spray tower with either 10 ml of a fungal suspension (1.7 x 10 super(7) conidia/ml) [with and without incubation for 24 h under ideal conditions (Pfr; Pfr(24 h), respectively)] or four female A. asychis (Aa) or both fungus and parasitoids (Pfr + Aa). Insects treated with Pfr + Aa or Aa responded with higher mortality at 7 and 10 days post-treatment than controls or those receiving only the fungus. Laboratory studies confirmed mycosis in cadavers of D. noxia that were recovered from plants that had received fungal treatments ranged from 24.4 to 31.9% (Pfr); 26.6 to 43.3% (Pfr(24 h)) and 27.7 to 34.5% (Pfr + Aa). The total number of living aphids per plant was significantly lower in the treatments involving A. asychis than in all other treatments and controls throughout the test. Significantly lower numbers of D. noxia relative to controls were also observed 13 days post-treatment for the Pfr(24 h) treatment. At the termination of the test 13 days post-treatment, the density of aphids on plants treated with Pfr + Aa, Aa, Pfr(24 h) and Pfr was 38.2%, 43.1%, 70.5% and 91.9% of that observed on control plants, respectively. Significant differences in the percentages of aphid age groups were observed between treatments involving A. asychis and all other treatments and controls 13 days post-treatment; there was a significant reduction of the percentage of younger instar and relative increase in older instars for the treatments involving A. asychis. The dry weight of plants treated with Pfr + Aa was significantly greater than controls 13 days post-treatment. These studies reveal an additive effect of P. fumosoroseus and A. asychis with regard to aphid control with no detrimental effects on the percentage of parasitism nor parasitoid emergence when the two agents were used together. JF - Journal of Applied Entomology AU - Mesquita, ALM AU - Lacey, LA AU - Leclant, F AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA, ARS, Montpellier, France Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 121 IS - 3 SN - 0931-2048, 0931-2048 KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - pathogens KW - population dynamics KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04710:Control KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16223449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+the+fungus%2C+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+and+parasitoid%2C+Aphelinus+asychis+Walker+%28Hym.%2C+Aphelinidae%29+on+confined+populations+of+Russian+wheat+aphid%2C+Diuraphis+noxia+%28Mordvilko%29+%28Hom.%2C+Aphididae%29+under+field+conditions&rft.au=Mesquita%2C+ALM%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BLeclant%2C+F&rft.aulast=Mesquita&rft.aufirst=ALM&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.issn=09312048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatibility of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses and inherited sterility for control of corn earworm and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16113769; 4215598 AB - Inherited sterility has been proposed as a means of suppressing the populations of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). If nuclear polyhedrosis viruses could be used to kill larvae, thereby reducing the number of moths in the field populations, fewer moths treated with substerilizing doses of irradiation would need to be released. However, for these two methods to be compatible, the progeny of substerile moths should be no more susceptible to the virus than the progeny of the field populations. The corn earworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Elcar super(TM)) was bioassayed against corn earworm larvae from untreated moths and larvae from male, female, and male and female moths treated with 100 Gy of irradiation and larvae from male moths treated with 150 Gy of irradiation. The fall armyworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus was bioassayed against fall armyworm larvae from untreated moths and larvae from male moths treated with 100 to 150 Gy of irradiation. There was no significant difference between susceptibility of larvae from untreated moths and larvae from irradiated moths. Thus, the use of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses for control of larvae should be compatible with the release of substerilized moths as part of an integrated pest management approach for area-wide management of the corn earworm and fall armyworm. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Hamm, J J AU - Carpenter, JE AD - Insect Biol. and Population Manage. Res. Lab., USDA, ARS, P. O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 148 EP - 153 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Bollworm KW - Corn earworm KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Fall armyworm KW - pathology KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - integrated control KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - viruses KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16113769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Compatibility+of+nuclear+polyhedrosis+viruses+and+inherited+sterility+for+control+of+corn+earworm+and+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Hamm%2C+J+J%3BCarpenter%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Hamm&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; viruses; integrated control; pathology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of forest management effects on nitrate removal by riparian buffer systems AN - 16112301; 4208139 AB - A study was conducted to determine the impact of different forest management techniques on shallow groundwater quality in coastal plain riparian zones. Considerable past research had shown that riparian zones are effective in removing or assimilating nitrates entering from upslope agricultural fields via shallow lateral flow, but the impact of different forest management techniques on this process was unknown. The study was conducted at a site near Tifton, Georgia, on a second-order coastal plain stream. The riparian buffer system consisted of a grass buffer, a managed forest zone, and a forest zone adjacent to the stream. Three forest treatments were studied: mature forest (MF), clearcut (CC), and selective thinning (ST). Following a nine-month pretreatment period, trees were completely or selectively removed from the CC and ST treatments, respectively. Shallow groundwater quality was evaluated in networks of wells on transects extending downslope from the edge of the agricultural field to the stream. Results from the study showed that all three forest management treatments were effective in assimilating nitrate-nitrogen (NO sub(3)-N). Significant differences in NO sub(3)-N concentrations in the shallow groundwater between the three different treatments did not occur. The only statistically significant effect that was observed on groundwater quality was under the CC treatment, where solute concentrations (both NO sub(3)-N and chloride [Cl]) decreased after the tree cutting. This was attributed to a combination of effects including possible increased NO sub(3)-N uptake by rapidly growing vegetation, dilution associated with less evapotranspiration by young vegetation as compared to mature forest, and more throughfall of rainfall under the CC than under the other two treatments. No treatment effects were observed on ammonium-nitrogen (NH sub(4)-N) concentrations. Overall the study showed that regardless of forest management techniques, coastal plain riparian forests are effective in assimilating NO sub(3)-N. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Lowrance, R AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 383 EP - 394 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - riparian buffer systems KW - USA, Georgia, Tifton KW - forest management KW - coastal plains KW - Riparian Land KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - nonpoint pollution KW - riparian environments KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - water quality KW - nitrates KW - groundwater pollution KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+forest+management+effects+on+nitrate+removal+by+riparian+buffer+systems&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BLowrance%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrates; water quality; forest management; coastal plains; Riparian Land; nonpoint pollution sources; groundwater pollution; forests; nonpoint pollution; riparian environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of vegetable oil to remove nitrate from flowing groundwater AN - 16105343; 4204281 AB - This study investigated the use of vegetable oil to cleanse nitrate from groundwater. The hypothesis on which the study was based was that oil trapped in the soil matrix would form an immobile organic zone through which water flows; nitrate in the water would be removed as microbial denitrifiers utilized the oil as a carbon source. Laboratory studies show that the procedure has merit. Both corn and soybean oil rapidly stimulated native bacteria to remove nitrate from water in static anaerobic bioreactors. Soybean oil /water mixtures ranging from 0.8 to 12.5% oil in water were tested and all were effective at supporting denitrification. Also, denitrification occurred rapidly at nitrate concentrations up to 2000 ppm NO sub(3)-N. In addition to studies with static bioreactors, soil column studies were conducted. Soybean oil injected into 2.5 x 34 cm columns containing aquifer matrix or sand removed nitrate from flowing water. Flow rates of up to 600 mL/day were successful. Innocuous vegetable oil may provide the basis for a simple and inexpensive method of nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hunter, W J AU - Follett, R F AU - Cary, J W AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 345 EP - 354 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - vegetable oil KW - performance evaluation KW - soil bacteria KW - pollutant removal KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - nitrates KW - oil KW - remediation KW - flow rates KW - denitrification KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16105343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Use+of+vegetable+oil+to+remove+nitrate+from+flowing+groundwater&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+J%3BFollett%2C+R+F%3BCary%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remediation; oil; nitrates; flow rates; groundwater pollution; denitrification; performance evaluation; soil bacteria; pollutant removal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing effects of mitigation strategies for global climate change with an intertemporal model of the U.S. forest and agriculture sectors AN - 16102848; 4203755 AB - A model of product and land markets in U.S. forest and agricultural sectors is used to examine the private forest management, land use, and market implications of carbon sequestration policies implemented in a "least social cost" fashion. Results suggest: policy-induced land use changes may generate compensating land use shifts through markets; land use shifts to meet policy targets need not be permanent; implementation of land use and management changes in a smooth or regular fashion over time may not be optimal; and primary forms of adjustment to meet carbon policy targets involve shifting of land from agriculture to forest and more intensive forest management in combinations varying with the policy target. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Alig, R AU - Adams, D AU - McCarl, B AU - Callaway, J M AU - Winnett, S AD - USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 259 EP - 274 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - environment management KW - climatic changes KW - USA KW - afforestation KW - carbon KW - federal policies KW - land use KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16102848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Assessing+effects+of+mitigation+strategies+for+global+climate+change+with+an+intertemporal+model+of+the+U.S.+forest+and+agriculture+sectors&rft.au=Alig%2C+R%3BAdams%2C+D%3BMcCarl%2C+B%3BCallaway%2C+J+M%3BWinnett%2C+S&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; climatic changes; afforestation; land use; carbon; environment management; federal policies; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotype composition of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomiidae) populations from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina and Virginia AN - 16102065; 4206917 AB - Fourteen populations of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia were evaluated for biotype composition, and two Arkansas populations were tested for response to Hessian fly resistance genes or gene combinations H3, H5, H6, H7H8, and H9 to H19 in wheat. The biotype composition of Hessian fly populations was estimated by confining individual gravid females on the four wheat differential cultivars 'Monon' (H3), 'Magnum' (H5), 'Caldwell' (H6), and 'Seneca' (H7H8). The response of Arkansas fly populations to resistance genes was evaluated in replicated tests with wheat germplasm lines or cultivars homozygous for these genes. Hessian fly populations from Arkansas were predominately biotype L, with low levels of biotypes F, G, J, M, and O, depending upon population. Biotype L was predominant in the Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia populations, although biotype D was present in populations from extreme southwestern Illinois and Virginia and North Carolina. Biotypes G, J, L, M, and O were identified from the west-central Georgia population collected at Griffin, while only biotypes M and O were identified from the southwestern Georgia population, collected at Plains. All fly populations were virulent to resistance genes H3, H5, and H6, while the southwestern Georgia population was avirulent to H7H8. Plants with single resistance genes H9 to H19 varied significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) in their resistance to the two Arkansas populations. Plants with single resistance genes H9, H10, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 conditioned resistance (88 to 100%) to both populations, while plants with single genes H11, H12, or H15 were susceptible to one or both populations. Wheat germplasm lines developed in the Purdue/USDA program that carry single gene resistances H9, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 should provide useful sources of resistance for developing improved wheat cultivars adapted to the mid-south and southeastern United States. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Ratcliffe, R H AU - Ohm, H W AU - Patterson, F L AU - Cambron, SE AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Prot. and Pest Control Res. Unit, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1158, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 154 EP - 164 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Diptera KW - Cecidomiidae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mayetiola destructor KW - Cecidomyiidae KW - pest resistance KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - biotypes KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16102065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Biotype+composition+of+Hessian+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Cecidomiidae%29+populations+from+Arkansas%2C+Georgia%2C+Illinois%2C+North+Carolina+and+Virginia&rft.au=Ratcliffe%2C+R+H%3BOhm%2C+H+W%3BPatterson%2C+F+L%3BCambron%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Ratcliffe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cecidomyiidae; Triticum aestivum; Mayetiola destructor; Diptera; USA; biotypes; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understory species composition and production in old-growth western hemlock - Sitka spruce forests of southeastern Alaska AN - 16100764; 4206883 AB - Vascular understory species composition and production were studied in 36 stands in both northern and southern portions of southeastern Alaska, United States. Understory composition and production were related to site factors of soil drainage and slope and overstory factors of species composition, stand age, canopy coverage, and mass (net wood volume). Principal floristic gradients were dominated by differences in production of Alaska blueberry (Vaccinium alaskaense How.), skunk-cabbage (Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John), and lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth). Soil drainage was the principal environmental factor determining understory species composition. Soil drainage also determined overstory mass and, consequently, total understory production, presumably through effects of overstory mass on light interception. Well-drained sites were more productive of trees and less productive of understory than were poorly drained sites. Relations between windthrow, soil drainage, overstory mass, and understory species composition and production are interactive in these excessively wet, old-growth forests. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Hanley, T A AU - Brady, W W AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., P.O. Box 20909, Juneau, AK 99802-0909, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 574 EP - 580 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - environmental factors KW - species composition KW - plant communities KW - understory KW - old growth KW - productivity KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Understory+species+composition+and+production+in+old-growth+western+hemlock+-+Sitka+spruce+forests+of+southeastern+Alaska&rft.au=Hanley%2C+T+A%3BBrady%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska; plant communities; understory; species composition; productivity; environmental factors; old growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headcut migration analysis of a compacted soil AN - 16097262; 4202866 AB - Predicting headcut migration is a complex problem. The rate of headcut migration is of specific interest for engineers designing earthen spillways and embankments. Headcut migration tests of a compacted soil were conducted in a 1.8-m wide and 29-m long flume with 2.4-m high sidewalls. Three simple physically based headcut migration equations that separately group material-dependent parameters and flow-dependent parameters are used in this study to analyze results of the headcut migration study. The purpose of this article is (1) to relate the material-dependent factors of these equations to material property measurements; and (2) to determine the appropriate adjustment algorithm for these material-dependent factors for multiple material layers. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hanson, G J AU - Robinson, K M AU - Cook, K R AD - USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 355 EP - 362 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - headcut migration KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - migration KW - model studies KW - flumes KW - erosion KW - soil compaction KW - mathematical equations KW - algorithms KW - gullies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16097262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Headcut+migration+analysis+of+a+compacted+soil&rft.au=Hanson%2C+G+J%3BRobinson%2C+K+M%3BCook%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; migration; soil compaction; gullies; flumes; mathematical equations; erosion; model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of lipoxygenase activity by bacterial hopanoids AN - 16091360; 4200781 AB - Tetrahydroxybacteriohopane (1), a bacterial hopanoid, inhibited soybean 15-lipoxygenase with an IC sub(50) of about 10 mu M. After per-O-acetylation of 1 no inhibition of the 15-lipoxygenase was observed. Two other bacterial hopanoids, tetrahydroxybacteriohopane glucosamine (2) and tetrahydroxybacteriohopane ether (3), stimulated the activity of soybean 15-lipoxygenase. The activities of two other arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzymes, human 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin H synthase, were unaffected by 1. JF - Journal of Natural Products AU - Moreau, R A AU - Agnew, J AU - Hicks, K B AU - Powell, MJ AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 397 EP - 398 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - 15-lipoxygenase KW - tetrahydroxybacteriohopane KW - hopanoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Glycine max KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+lipoxygenase+activity+by+bacterial+hopanoids&rft.au=Moreau%2C+R+A%3BAgnew%2C+J%3BHicks%2C+K+B%3BPowell%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zymomonas mobilis; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic benefits of maintaining ecological integrity of Rio Mameyes, in Puerto Rico AN - 16067841; 4108355 AB - A contingent valuation in-person survey of Puerto Rican households was performed to estimate their willingness to pay for preserving instream flows in the Rio Mameyes and avoiding a dam on the Rio Fajardo. Households annual willingness-to-pay amount was $27 for the Rio Mameyes and $28 for the Rio Fajardo. When expanded to the one million households in Puerto Rico on an annual basis this amounts to $11.33 million for the Rio Mameyes and $13.09 million for the Rio Fajardo. The household values can be compared to the costs of repairing water lines and in-home water conservation measures to determine whether there are more net benefits to these alternative sources of water than withdrawals from the Rio Mameyes. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Gonzalez-Caban, A AU - Loomis, J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., Forest Fire Lab., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 63 EP - 75 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico, Mameyes R. KW - Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rico, Rio Mameyes KW - conservation KW - dams KW - ecological balance KW - economic aspects KW - economics KW - instream flow KW - nature conservation KW - public concern KW - water conservation KW - water supplies KW - water supply KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water management KW - Freshwater KW - ecology KW - rivers KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Economic+benefits+of+maintaining+ecological+integrity+of+Rio+Mameyes%2C+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Gonzalez-Caban%2C+A%3BLoomis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gonzalez-Caban&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nature conservation; water supply; water conservation; conservation; dams; water management; ecological balance; economics; ecology; rivers; water supplies; public concern; Puerto Rico; instream flow; economic aspects; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roadside soils: A corridor for invasion of xeric scrub by nonindigenous plants AN - 16043742; 4091983 AB - Invasion of ecosystems by nonindigenous species threatens native biodiversity by altering species composition and site characteristics, and by potentially impacting endangered species. We compared plant communities and soil characteristics along clay, limerock, and unmodified sand roadsides, and in adjacent clearcuts in xeric Florida sand pine scrub to test our hypothesis that modified soils used in constructing roadways provide a roadside corridor for invasion by nonindigenous species and species that are uncharacteristic of xeric scrub. Clay and limerock roadsides had more clay and less sand than sand roadsides or clearcuts. Soil pH and levels of several nutrients differed significantly in limerock roadsides relative to the other substrates. In general, sand roadsides and clearcuts had higher characteristic but lower uncharacteristic and nonindigenous plant cover and number of species than modified roadside substrates. This suggests that xeric scrub may be somewhat resistant to invasion where native soils are present, even if disturbed. However, presence of nonindigenous species suggests that roadways facilitate the transport of source propagules to otherwise remote sites. Especially where roadside and native soil characteristics differ markedly, conditions may be enhanced for invasion by nonindigenous and uncharacteristic plants. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Crownover, SH AU - Gordon AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Bent Creek Res. and Demonstration Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd., Asheville, NC 28806, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 99 EP - 109 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population establishment KW - USA, Florida KW - roadsides KW - plants KW - soil characteristics KW - exotic species KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16043742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Roadside+soils%3A+A+corridor+for+invasion+of+xeric+scrub+by+nonindigenous+plants&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BCrownover%2C+SH%3BGordon&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Florida; plants; exotic species; population establishment; soil characteristics; roadsides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suitability of the North American weeds Sesbania exaltata and S. drummondii (Leguminosae) as hosts for Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus and Trichapion lativentre (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Argentina AN - 16039593; 4085827 AB - Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus (Oliver) and Trichapion lativentre (Beguin-Billecocq) are 2 South American weevils successfully used for the biological control of Sesbania punicea (Cavanille) Benth. in South Africa. The potential of these insects as control agents for the weeds Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. and S. drummondii (Rydb.) Cory in the United States was studied in Argentina. Estimation of adult consumption, the food preference of adult insects on 5 species of Sesbania (3 native hosts and the 2 weeds mentioned above), the capacity of the insects to complete their life cycle on the weeds, and the weed infestation by wild populations in the laboratory garden were studied. The consumption of N. quadrivitattus on both north American weeds did not differ from that on native hosts. Similar consumption was observed for T. lativentre feeding on S. drummondii. S. exaltata showed the lowest consumption. The feeding preference of N. quadrivittatus was similar to that of its natural host plants. In the case of T. lativentre, results on only S. drummondii were comparable to that of its natural hosts. Both insects were able to complete their life cycles on the weeds. In the garden, there was a marked preference by the weevils for S. drummondii. S. exaltata was not attacked by T. lativentre and no test was carried out with N. quadrivittatus. We concluded that both insects are good biocontrol candidates for S. drummondii, whereas only N. quadrivittatus is a promising control agent for S. exaltata. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Logarzo, G A AU - Casalinuovo, MA AD - South American Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Bolivar 1559, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 343 EP - 348 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus KW - Trichapion lativentre KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - Sesbania drummondii KW - Argentina KW - Curculionidae KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suitability+of+the+North+American+weeds+Sesbania+exaltata+and+S.+drummondii+%28Leguminosae%29+as+hosts+for+Neodiplogrammus+quadrivittatus+and+Trichapion+lativentre+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+Argentina&rft.au=Logarzo%2C+G+A%3BCasalinuovo%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Logarzo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Sesbania exaltata; Sesbania drummondii; Argentina; weed control; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of free-ranging elk from Wyoming and Montana for selected pathogens AN - 16034358; 4088667 AB - From December 1991 through January 1995, a disease survey was conducted on herds of free-ranging, hunter-killed elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) from three areas in proximity to Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming (USA), after tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis was discovered in a captive herd of elk in the area. Complete or partial sets of specimens from 289 elk collected between December 1991 and January 1993 were examined histologically: no mycobacterial lesions were observed. Lesions of tuberculosis were not detected in tonsils or lymph nodes of the head from an additional 99 hunter-killed, adult elk from one area (area 2) collected in January 1995. Neither M. bovis nor M. paratuberculosis were isolated from any of the specimens cultured. Antibodies to Brucella abortus were detected in serum samples from 0%, 1%, and 1% of elk from three areas sampled (areas 1, 2, and 3), respectively. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from multiple tissues from one seropositive animal from area 3. Larvae with morphology consistent with Dictyocaulus sp. were found in 12%, 14%, and 0% of fecal specimens tested from areas 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Pasteurella multocida and Actinomyces pyogenes were isolated from a lung with purulent bronchopneumonia and abseesses. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Rhyan, J C AU - Aune, K AU - Ewalt AU - Marquardt, J AU - Mertins, J W AU - Payeur, J B AU - Saari, DA AU - Schladweiler, P AU - Sheehan, E J AU - Worley, D AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, P.O. Box 844, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 290 EP - 298 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Cervus elaphus-nelsoni KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Brucella abortus KW - Actinomyces pyogenes KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - USA, Montana KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Survey+of+free-ranging+elk+from+Wyoming+and+Montana+for+selected+pathogens&rft.au=Rhyan%2C+J+C%3BAune%2C+K%3BEwalt%3BMarquardt%2C+J%3BMertins%2C+J+W%3BPayeur%2C+J+B%3BSaari%2C+DA%3BSchladweiler%2C+P%3BSheehan%2C+E+J%3BWorley%2C+D&rft.aulast=Rhyan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Brucella abortus; Pasteurella multocida; Actinomyces pyogenes; USA, Montana; USA, Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host specificity of Coniatus tamarisci (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from France: Potential biological control agent of Tamarix spp. in the United States AN - 16033642; 4086580 AB - The feeding behavior and host specificity of Coniatus tamarisci F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Hyperini) were studied in southern France. The results of the experiments and observations supported the potential of this species and its safe use as a biological control agent for saltcedar, Tamarix ramosissima Ledebourg, in North America. Adults and larvae fed on saltcedar buds, leaves, and stems during the entire vegetative phase of the host plant, limiting its growth. Under no-choice, starvation conditions on caged plants, adult feeding and oviposition were restricted to species in the genus Tamarix and to the closely related Myricaria germanica (L.) Desvaux, also belonging to the family Tamaricaceae. The heaviest damage and oviposition were on saltcedar, and feeding was light on T. aphylla (L.) Karsten. Among the species tested, the weevil completed its development only on saltcedar and M. germanica and not on T. aphylla or T. parviflora DC. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fornasari, L AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, BP 4168-Agropolis, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 349 EP - 356 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Coniatus tamarisci KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Tamarix KW - biological control KW - France KW - USA KW - Curculionidae KW - host specificity KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16033642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+specificity+of+Coniatus+tamarisci+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+from+France%3A+Potential+biological+control+agent+of+Tamarix+spp.+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Fornasari%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fornasari&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tamarix; Curculionidae; France; USA; biological control; host specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercontinental differences in the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Escape from natural enemies? AN - 16033315; 4086586 AB - The absence of natural enemies often allows exotic pests to reach densities that are much higher than normally occur in their native habitats. When Solenopsis fire ants were introduced into the United States, their numerous natural enemies were left behind in South America. To compare intercontinental fire ant densities, we selected 13 areas in South America and another 12 areas in North America. Sample areas were paired with weather stations and distributed across a broad range of climatic conditions. In each area, we measured fire ant densities at 5 preselected roadside sites that were at least 5 km apart. At each site, we also measured foraging activity, checked for polygyne colonies, and recorded various kinds of environmental data. In most areas, we also measured fire ant densities in lawns and grazing land. Fire ant populations along roadsides in North America were 4-7 times higher than fire ant populations in South America. Similar intercontinental differences were found in lawns and on grazing lands. These intercontinental differences in fire ant abundance were not associated with sampling conditions, seasonal variability, habitat differences, or the frequency of polygyny. Although several correlations were found with long-term weather conditions, careful inspection of the data suggests that these correlations were probably more coincidental than causal. Cultural differences in roadside maintenance may explain some of the intercontinental differences in fire ant abundance, but they did not account for equivalent intercontinental differences in grazing land and mowed lawns. Bait tests showed that competition with other ants was much more important in South America; however, we were not able to determine whether this was a major cause of intercontinental differences or largely a consequence of other factors such as the numerous pathogens and parasites that are found in South America. Because this study was correlational, we were unable to determine the cause(s) of the large intercontinental difference in fire ant abundance that we observed. However, we were able to largely exclude a number of possible explanations for the differences, including sampling, season, polygyny, climate, and aspects of habitat. By a process of elimination, escape from natural enemies remains among the most likely explanations for the unusually high densities of fire ants found in North America. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Porter, S D AU - Williams, D F AU - Patterson, R S AU - Fowler, H G AD - Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 373 EP - 384 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - geographical variations KW - exotic species KW - natural enemies KW - Solenopsis KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16033315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Intercontinental+differences+in+the+abundance+of+Solenopsis+fire+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29%3A+Escape+from+natural+enemies%3F&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D%3BWilliams%2C+D+F%3BPatterson%2C+R+S%3BFowler%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis; Formicidae; population density; natural enemies; exotic species; geographical variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attractiveness of synthetic corn volatiles to feral northern and western corn rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16028560; 4095134 AB - Synthetic corn volatiles and selected analogues were tested in corn fields for attractiveness to feral adults of northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Attractiveness of test compounds was compared with that of reference standards, geranylacetone and (+)- alpha -terpineol for northern and western corn rootworm, respectively, and with two structural isomers of the reference standards, nerylacetone and (+)- alpha -terpinen-4-ol, which were the only test compounds not reported from corn. Compounds attractive to northern corn rootworms included nerylacetone, linalool, and geranyl acetate, although the best captures were only approximately 20% of those on traps baited with the geranylacetone reference standard. Linalool proved to be an effective western corn rootworm attractant that captured as many females as the (+)- alpha -terpineol reference standard. Methyl salicylate also showed moderate attractiveness to western corn rootworm females. Marginal captures (but statistically higher than control) of western corn rootworm females occurred on traps baited with nerylacetone, geranyl acetate, geraniol, and (-)- alpha -pinene. Linalool was the only new compound to attract western corn rootworm males, but the highest capture was only about twice that of control. Compounds that failed to attract either species or sex in numbers significantly exceeding control were (+)- alpha -terpinen-4-ol, (+)- alpha -pinene, carvacrol, thymol, and 1-octen-3-ol. Kairomonal attractants so far identified for corn rootworm adults generally are widely distributed in nature and thus unlikely to account for specificity of host-finding responses except as components of unique odorant blends. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hammack, L AD - Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 311 EP - 317 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Zea mays KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Chrysomelidae KW - attractancy KW - volatiles KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16028560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Attractiveness+of+synthetic+corn+volatiles+to+feral+northern+and+western+corn+rootworm+beetles+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Hammack%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Zea mays; volatiles; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatially distributed sensible heat flux over a semiarid watershed. Part II: Use of a variable resistance approach with radiometric surface temperatures AN - 16026311; 4092796 AB - Radiometric surface temperature images from aircraft observations over the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, a semiarid rangeland watershed, were used with ground-based meteorological data at a reference site for extrapolating estimates of surface sensible heat flux across the basin. Two approaches were used. One method assumed that the resistance to heat transport and other meteorological data at a reference site were constant over the watershed. This resulted in a simple scheme (constant resistance approach) for computing spatially distributed sensible heat flux since the variation in sensible heat flux was directly proportional to surface temperature differences from the reference site. The second approach (the variable resistance approach) used spatially distributed estimates of the surface roughness for momentum and heat, as well as air temperature and wind speed. The sensible heat flux values derived by both techniques were compared to measurements made at several other locations in the watershed for three different days. The environmental conditions for these days ranged from uniformly dry surface soil moisture to variably wet conditions caused by several high intensity and spatially variable rainfall events. Comparisons between these two schemes with observations indicated that the more detailed method of accounting for changes in surface roughness over the basin gave significantly better agreement than the simpler scheme. The average percentage of difference with measured values was 30% for the constant resistance approach compared to approximately 20% for the variable resistance method. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Kustas, W P AU - Humes, K S AD - USDA/ARS Hydrol. Lab., Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 293 EP - 301 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - sensible heat flux KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - fluctuations KW - spatial distribution KW - comparison studies KW - semiarid lands KW - resistance KW - watersheds KW - radiometry KW - heat KW - temperature KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16026311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Spatially+distributed+sensible+heat+flux+over+a+semiarid+watershed.+Part+II%3A+Use+of+a+variable+resistance+approach+with+radiometric+surface+temperatures&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BHumes%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - comparison studies; semiarid lands; watersheds; spatial distribution; heat; fluctuations; radiometry; resistance; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some problems associated with the use of well water in hatching eggs and holding fish AN - 16025797; 4076954 AB - Well water is the main source of water for hatching fish eggs and holding fish in vats or tanks. In regions with abundant ground water, well water is dependable and the temperature is relatively constant. It is usually free of pollutants, suspended material, predatory organisms, and fish disease pathogens. However, in some fish production areas the well water can contain high levels of ammonia, iron, and carbon dioxide, low levels of dissolved oxygen and calcium (a hardness component), or acidic waters that can react with certain metal pipes or vats causing harm to fish and eggs. This article discusses fluctuations in the quality of water from wells, some problems associated with well water usage and management techniques to overcome these problems. JF - Aquaculture Magazine AU - Mitchell, A J AU - Bo Collins, C AD - Agric. Res. Serv. USDA P.O. Box 860, Stuttgart, AK, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 91 EP - 94 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0199-1388, 0199-1388 KW - fish culture KW - fish eggs KW - wells KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16025797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.atitle=Some+problems+associated+with+the+use+of+well+water+in+hatching+eggs+and+holding+fish&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+A+J%3BBo+Collins%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.issn=01991388&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; fish culture; fish eggs; wells; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the hazard to granivorous birds feeding on chemically treated seeds AN - 16023287; 4085131 AB - Current methods for evaluating hazards to seed-eating birds are based on estimated exposure per unit area and assume that birds ingest all of the chemical on a treated seed. In an earlier study, however, it was determined that red-winged blackbirds removed only about 15% of an insecticidal treatment applied to individual rice seeds. Here, we extend those findings by examining the seed-handling behavior of four granivorous bird species exposed to millet, rice, sunflower and sorghum treated with imidacloprid. Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura L.) swallowed the seed whole. House finches (Carpodacus mexicanus Mueller), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major Vieillot) discarded the seed hulls, however, and removed only 15-40% of the initial chemical treatment. Residues on seed hulls decreased as handling time increased. Sunflowers had the lowest residues because birds repeatedly handled the hull to remove bits of the oily kernel. These results suggest that avian hazard assessment methods should incorporate species-typical seed-handling behavior to assess more accurately birds' exposure to chemicals on different types of seed. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Avery, M L AU - Fischer, D L AU - Primus, T M AD - USDA, National Wildlife Research Center, 2820 E. University Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 362 EP - 366 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - imidacloprid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Carpodacus mexicanus KW - Zenaida macroura KW - risk assessment KW - seeds KW - pesticides KW - Quiscalus major KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16023287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+hazard+to+granivorous+birds+feeding+on+chemically+treated+seeds&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BFischer%2C+D+L%3BPrimus%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zenaida macroura; Carpodacus mexicanus; Agelaius phoeniceus; Quiscalus major; seeds; pesticides; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorescence and relative activities of stilbene optical brighteners as enhancers for the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus AN - 16018188; 4091207 AB - Eight structurally related stilbene optical brighteners were compared as enhancers for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV). Five of the 8 brighteners acted as activity enhancers (Blankophor HRS, P167, BBH, RKH, and Tinopal LPW); but Blankophor BSU, DML, and LPG did not enhance the activity of LdNPV. The most effective brighteners (BBH, RKH, and LPW) reduced LC sub(50)s from 800- to 1,300-fold. LT sub(50)s were influenced by some brighteners (HRS, LPW, BBH, RKH) but not by others (LPG, DML, BSU). All 8 brighteners exhibited fluorescence, which was concentration dependent. The most fluorescent brighteners were LPW, BBH, RKH, and P167, and the least fluorescent brighteners were LPG and DML. In general, the most active brighteners (i.e., those exhibiting the greatest viral enhancement) tended to exhibit the greatest fluorescence, and the least active brighteners tended to exhibit the least fluorescence. Although pHs of the brighteners ranged from 7 to 10, no correlation was found between pH and activity enhancement. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Argauer, R AU - Shapiro, M AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 416 EP - 420 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - optical brighteners KW - Lymantria dispara KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - pathogens KW - baculovirus KW - fluorescence KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Fluorescence+and+relative+activities+of+stilbene+optical+brighteners+as+enhancers+for+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+baculovirus&rft.au=Argauer%2C+R%3BShapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Argauer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baculovirus; Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; fluorescence; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef and chicken: determination of D- and z-values AN - 16014205; 4088637 AB - Thermal inactivation of a four-strain mixture of E. coli 0157:H7 was determined in 90% lean ground beef, and lean ground chicken. Inoculated meat was packaged in bags which were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, and 65 degree C for predetermined lengths of time. D-values, determined by linear regression, in beef were 21.13, 4.95, 3.17, 0.93 and 0.39 min, respectively (z = 6.0 degree C). Using a survival model for non-linear survival curves, D-values in beef ranged from 20.45 min (D sub(1); and there was no D sub(2)) at 55 degree C to 0.16 min (D sub(1)) and 1.45 min (D sub(2)) at 65 degree C. When E. coli O157:H7 four-strain cocktail was heated in chicken, D-values calculated by both approaches were consistently less at all temperatures. The heat resistance of E. coli O157:H7 was not altered after refrigerated or frozen storage of inoculated beef for 48 h. The results of this study will be beneficial to the food industry in designing HACCP plans to effectively eliminate E. coli 0157:H7 in the meat products used in this study. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Snyder, OP Jr AU - Marmer, B S AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 231 EP - 237 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - heat treatments KW - poultry KW - beef KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16014205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Thermal+destruction+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+beef+and+chicken%3A+determination+of+D-+and+z-values&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BSnyder%2C+OP+Jr%3BMarmer%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; beef; poultry; heat treatments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of PCR primers from internal transcribed spacer region 2 for detection of Phytophthora species infecting potatoes AN - 16013797; 4088810 AB - We developed PCR primers and assay methods to detect and differentiate three Phytophthora species which infect potatoes and cause late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and pink rot (P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae) diseases. Primers based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer region 2 of ribosomal DNA produced PCR products of 456 bp (P. infestans), 136 bp (P. erythroseptica), and 455 bp (P. nicotianae) and were used to detect the pathogens in potato leaf (P. infestans) and tuber (P. infestans, P. erythroseptica, and P. nicotianae) tissue with a sensitivity limit of 1 to 10 pg of DNA. Leaf and tuber tissue were processed for PCR by a rapid NaOH method as well as a method based on the use of commercially available ion-exchange columns. P. infestans primers and the rapid NaOH extraction method were used to detect late blight in artificially and naturally infected tubers of potato cultivar Red LaSoda. In sampling studies, P. infestans was detected by PCR from artificially infected tubers at 4 days postinoculation, before any visible symptoms were present. The PCR assay and direct tissue extraction methods provide tools which may be used to detect Phytophthora pathogens in potato seedlots and storages and thus limit the transmission and spread of new, aggressive strains of P. infestans in U.S. potato-growing regions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tooley, P W AU - Bunyard, BA AU - Carras, M M AU - Hatziloukas, E AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Bldg. 1301, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1467 EP - 1475 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - blight KW - rot KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - late blight KW - spacer region KW - DNA KW - Phytophthora KW - pink rot KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+PCR+primers+from+internal+transcribed+spacer+region+2+for+detection+of+Phytophthora+species+infecting+potatoes&rft.au=Tooley%2C+P+W%3BBunyard%2C+BA%3BCarras%2C+M+M%3BHatziloukas%2C+E&rft.aulast=Tooley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; Solanum tuberosum; DNA; spacer region; polymerase chain reaction; blight; late blight; pink rot; rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed germination regulation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) and its ecological significance AN - 16012559; 4081169 AB - Bromus tectorum is a winter annual grass that has become extensively naturalized in western North America. Its seeds are usually at least conditionally dormant at dispersal and lose dormancy through dry afterripening. Germination response to temperature for recently harvested seeds and rate of change in germination response during afterripening were examined for collections from 21 western North American populations representing a wide array of habitats. Analysis of variance showed highly significant among-population differences in germination response variables. Principal components analysis of 20 germination variables revealed groups of populations that could be characterized by distinct response syndromes. Degree of dormancy at summer temperatures in recently harvested seeds as well as rate of dormancy loss during dry storage could be related to the risk of premature summer germination in different habitats. Mojave Desert populations showed the most clearly differentiated response. Populations from Intermountain desert and foothill habitats showed intermediate responses and did not form distinct groups. Montane populations showed the widest variation. Fully afterripened seeds from all populations were nondormant and could germinate quickly across a wide temperature range. These results demonstrate the existence of adaptively significant variation in germination response. Such variation probably represents the beginning of genetic differentiation as a result of selection among and within founder populations. Lack of a consistent relationship with habitat reflects the stochastic nature of colonization and the fact that diverse germination strategies may permit persistence, especially in less extreme habitats. JF - Oikos AU - Meyer, SE AU - Allen, P A AU - Beckstead, J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Shrub Sci. Lab., Provo, UT 84606, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 475 EP - 485 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - seed germination KW - Bromus tectorum KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16012559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Seed+germination+regulation+in+Bromus+tectorum+%28Poaceae%29+and+its+ecological+significance&rft.au=Meyer%2C+SE%3BAllen%2C+P+A%3BBeckstead%2C+J&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bromus tectorum; USA; seed germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progeny allocation by the parasitoid Lespesia archippivora (Diptera: Tachinidae) in larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16010296; 4080996 AB - Field-collected Spodoptera exigua (Huebner) larvae always produce small brood sizes of the gregarious parasitoid Lespesia archippivora (Riley) (1-2 progeny). To further investigate this finding we characterized life history attributes of the parasitoid's offspring in different host instars in the laboratory. Changes in offspring fitness and mortality and rate of successful parasitization can indicate opportunities for tachinids to influence fitness of their progeny. Effects of host instar and parasitoid brood size on parasitoid survival, development, size, and fecundity were investigated. Fecundity was indirectly assessed by measuring parasitoid puparial weight; female puparial weight and egg load are positively correlated. L. archippivora is able to successfully parasitize all investigated instars of S. exigua. The percentage of hosts yielding puparia was highest (95.1%) in 4th instars; it was only 65.5% in prepupal stages of the host. Lower parasitoid emergence rates in younger host instars were caused by higher host survival or premature host mortality. Parasitoid puparial weight decreased with increasing brood size but was not affected by host instar when equal brood sizes were compared. Parasitoid puparial weight from broods of 2 offspring was significantly reduced in broods of 2 female progeny compared with that of females from mixed sex broods of 2 progeny. Progeny allocation of L. archippivora and fitness consequences associated with that allocation are independent of host size. We conclude that by consistently allotting small broods to hosts, L. archippivora adults may reduce strong competition between offspring and maximize successful parasitization, thereby resulting in highly fit females. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Stapel, JO AU - Ruberson, J R AU - Gross, HR Jr AU - Lewis, W J AD - Insect Biol. and Population Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 265 EP - 271 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lespesia archippivora KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - sex ratio KW - parasitoids KW - reproductive effort KW - Tachinidae KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Progeny+allocation+by+the+parasitoid+Lespesia+archippivora+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29+in+larvae+of+Spodoptera+exigua+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Stapel%2C+JO%3BRuberson%2C+J+R%3BGross%2C+HR+Jr%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Stapel&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tachinidae; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; parasitoids; sex ratio; reproductive effort ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance, immunofluorescent colony staining, and a transgenic marker (bioluminescence) for monitoring the environmental fate of a rhizobacterium AN - 16009006; 4084480 AB - Field releases of the wild-type plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B-27, its bioluminescent derivative GEM-8 (89B-27::Tn4431), and a spontaneous rifampin-resistant variant (R34) were established on cucumber in 1994 and 1995 to examine the efficiency of these marker systems for estimating the wild-type population. Seed and root samples were taken 0, 7, 14, 21 or 28, 35 or 42, and 70 days after planting in each year and processed for enumeration by spiral plating or immunofluorescent colony staining (IFC). In both years, the populations of 89B-27, R34, and GEM-8, as measured by IFC, were not significantly different from each other at each sampling time. However, the populations of R34 and GEM-8, as measured by spiral plating and differentiation based on their respective phenotypes, were significantly lower than the wild-type populations and their IFC-determined populations. These data indicate that traditional marker systems may underestimate populations and hence the survival and colonization of genetically marked bacteria. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Mahaffee, W F AU - Bauske, E M AU - Van-Vuurde, JWL AU - Van-Der-Wolf, J M AU - Van-Den-Brink, M AU - Kloepper, J W AD - USDA-ARS, Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1617 EP - 1622 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cloning KW - staining KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - environmental monitoring KW - antibiotic resistance KW - immunofluorescence KW - bioluminescence KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16009006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+antibiotic+resistance%2C+immunofluorescent+colony+staining%2C+and+a+transgenic+marker+%28bioluminescence%29+for+monitoring+the+environmental+fate+of+a+rhizobacterium&rft.au=Mahaffee%2C+W+F%3BBauske%2C+E+M%3BVan-Vuurde%2C+JWL%3BVan-Der-Wolf%2C+J+M%3BVan-Den-Brink%2C+M%3BKloepper%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Mahaffee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental monitoring; staining; antibiotic resistance; immunofluorescence; bioluminescence; Pseudomonas fluorescens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to decrease its intracellular pH and resist the toxicity of acetic acid AN - 16007776; 4083079 AB - Batch cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 grew well in an anaerobic glucose medium at pH 5.9, but even small amounts of acetate (20 mM) inhibited growth and fermentation. E. coli O157:H7 was at least fourfold more resistant to acetate than K-12. Continuous cultures of E. coli K-12 (pH 5.9, dilution rate 0.085 h super(-1)) did not wash out until the sodium acetate concentration in the input medium was 80 mM, whereas E. coli O157:H7 persisted until the sodium acetate concentration was 160 mM. E. coli K-12 cells accumulated as much as 500 mM acetate, but the intracellular acetate concentration of O157:H7 was never greater than 300 mM. Differences in acetate accumulation could be explained by intracellular pH and the transmembrane pH gradient (pH). E. coli K-12 maintained a more or less constant Delta pH (intracellular pH 6.8), but E. coli O157:H7 let its Delta pH decrease from 0.9 to 0.2 units as sodium acetate was added to the medium. Sodium acetate increased the rate of glucose consumption, but there was little evidence to support the idea that acetate was creating a futile cycle of protons. Increases in glucose consumption rate could be explained by increases in D-lactate production and decreases in ATP production. Intracellular acetate was initially lower than the amount predicted by ApH, but intracellular acetate and Delta pH were in equilibrium when the external acetate concentrations were high. Based on these results, the acetate tolerance of O157:H7 can be explained by fundamental differences in metabolism and intracellular pH regulation. By decreasing the intracellular pH and producing large amounts of D-lactate, O157:H7 is able to decrease Delta pH and prevent toxic accumulations of intracellular acetate anion. JF - Microbiology AU - Diez-Gonzalez, F AU - Russell, J B AD - Sect. Microbiol., Cornell Univ., and Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1175 EP - 1180 VL - 143 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1028, 0002-1028 KW - resistance KW - O157:H7 KW - acetic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - pH KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16007776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+ability+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+to+decrease+its+intracellular+pH+and+resist+the+toxicity+of+acetic+acid&rft.au=Diez-Gonzalez%2C+F%3BRussell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Diez-Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00021028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The population genetics of Phytophthora AN - 15997088; 4076634 JF - Phytopathology AU - Goodwin, S B AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Botany and Plant Pathol., 1155 Lilly Hall, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 462 EP - 473 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - reviews KW - soil-borne diseases KW - population genetics KW - genetic variance KW - Phytophthora KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - G 07290:Population genetics KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15997088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+population+genetics+of+Phytophthora&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; population genetics; soil-borne diseases; genetic variance; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient variation in the infiltration rate during measurement with tension infiltrometers AN - 15996513; 4080322 AB - Tension infiltrometers have been used extensively to determine soil hydraulic properties, but the validity of short-term, quasi-steady-state measurements has been questioned. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of short-term measurements by monitoring 100 min of tension infiltration. In September 1991, six replicate measurements were made, without preponding, at each of two negative heads (-30 and -60 mm) using a small base (76 mm) infiltrometer. In August 1992, two replicate measurements were made at the same two negative heads, both with and without preponding, for both 76- and 230-mm base infiltrometers. Measurements were also made at a head of -150 mm using the small base infiltrometers, with no preponding. The infiltration rates across the measurement time were variable, both increasing and decreasing. In two cases, extreme variation in the applied negative head may have contributed to the variation in infiltration rate, but for the other 28 cases, the applied head variation did not influence the infiltration rate variation. Temperature changes during the measurements were small compared with temperature difference between the two measurement dates. Other factors, such as poor wettability attributable to water repellency, heterogeneous soil structure, and/or changes in soil-structure during the measurement, probably contributed to the transient infiltration rate variations. The magnitude of transient infiltration rate variation should be observed relative to spatial and temporal variations. JF - Soil Science AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 233 EP - 241 VL - 162 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - tension infiltrometers KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil physical properties KW - monitoring KW - data acquisition KW - variability KW - data interpretation KW - hydraulic properties KW - infiltrometers KW - infiltration rate KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Transient+variation+in+the+infiltration+rate+during+measurement+with+tension+infiltrometers&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - variability; infiltration rate; infiltrometers; monitoring; data interpretation; data acquisition; soil physical properties; hydraulic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur (Delphinium spp.) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy AN - 15995538; 4080040 AB - A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic method for measuring norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspurs was developed. Alkaloids were isolated from dry plant material using a simplified extraction procedure and quantitated using FT-IR. Calibration of the method was made from selected larkspur samples with known alkaloid levels determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and gravimetric methods. Thirty-nine samples from three different larkspur species (Delphinium barbeyi, D. glaucescens, and D. occidentale) were analysed to demonstrate the ability of the FT-IR method to measure toxic and total alkaloid concentrations in these plants. JF - Phytochemical Analysis AU - Gardner AU - Manners, G D AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Pfister, JA AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 55 EP - 62 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0958-0344, 0958-0344 KW - measuring techniques KW - alkaloids KW - Delphinium glaucescens KW - methyllycaconitine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxins KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - spectroscopy KW - X 24172:Plants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15995538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemical+Analysis&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+in+larkspur+%28Delphinium+spp.%29+by+Fourier+transform+infrared+spectroscopy&rft.au=Gardner%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemical+Analysis&rft.issn=09580344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; spectroscopy; toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis-transgenic and nectariless cotton on insect populations with emphasis on the tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) AN - 15993447; 4075603 AB - Comparison of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenic and nectariless cottons with non-B. thuringiensis commercial varieties > 2-yr showed no significant differences in number of beneficials, bollworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] eggs, fruiting sites per plant, and percentage square set. Significantly more tarnished plant bugs, Lugus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and percentage of crazy cotton were observed in B. thuringiensis 757 (Coker 312 background in 1994) and in Coker 312 variety in 1995 compared with other varieties, suggesting no effect of B. thuringiensis gene insertion in cotton on the number of tarnished plant bugs. Transgenic cotton had significantly fewer bollworms and budworms, cabbage loopers [Trichoplusia ni (Huebner)], and percentage of damaged squares than the other varieties, 75% as many beet armyworms [Spodoptera exigua (Huebner)], and had no effect on fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)]. The transgenic character itself did not cause an increase of any insect population, but consultants and producers are encouraged to monitor other insect pests, especially boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, and tarnished plant bug. These pests may cause economic damage when fewer or no sprays are used for bollworm and budworm in cotton. Nectariless MD51 had fewer plant bugs than other varieties both years, but also lower yield. These results suggest transgenic cotton is a useful tool in the management of certain lepidopterous pests. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Hardee, D D AU - Bryan, W W AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 663 EP - 668 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hemiptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - pest control KW - transgenic plants KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Miridae KW - Noctuidae KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Lygus lineolaris KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15993447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis-transgenic+and+nectariless+cotton+on+insect+populations+with+emphasis+on+the+tarnished+plant+bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29&rft.au=Hardee%2C+D+D%3BBryan%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Hardee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population levels; transgenic plants; pest control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Noctuidae; Miridae; Lygus lineolaris; Gossypium hirsutum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effects of fungicides on hydrolysis of urea and nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil AN - 15988532; 4073695 AB - The influence of 1 and 50 mg active ingredient (AI) kg super(-1) soil of 17 fungicides on transformations of urea nitrogen in soil was studied by determining the amounts of urea hydrolysed and the amounts of nitrate and nitrite produced when samples of two coarse-textured and two fine-textured soils were incubated aerobically for various times after treatment with urea. When applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, anilazine, benomyl, captan, chloranil, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the two coarse-textured soils and maneb retarded urea hydrolysis in all four of the soils used. Most of the fungicides tested retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in the two coarse-textured soils when applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, but only etridiazole markedly retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in all of the soils used when applied at this rate. When the fungicides were applied at the rate of 50 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, anilazine, captan, chloranil, fenaminosulf, folpet, maneb, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the four soils studied, and all fungicides tested except chloroneb, fenarimol and iprodione retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in these soils. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses indicated that the inhibitory effects of the 17 fungicides tested on nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil increased with decrease in the organic-matter content and increase in the sand content of the soil. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Martens, DA AU - Bremner, J M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 344 EP - 352 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - urea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - nitrification KW - inhibitors KW - hydrolysis KW - fungicides KW - soil KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15988532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effects+of+fungicides+on+hydrolysis+of+urea+and+nitrification+of+urea+nitrogen+in+soil&rft.au=Martens%2C+DA%3BBremner%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungicides; hydrolysis; inhibitors; nitrification; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction AN - 15985088; 4073680 JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - English, J T AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 446 EP - 447 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - reviews KW - soil-borne diseases KW - population genetics KW - fungi KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BEnglish%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil-borne diseases; population genetics; fungi; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction costs for some aquatic plants AN - 15976615; 4071996 AB - Resource allocation reflects a plant's response to its environment and affects its overall growth and performance in a particular habitat. We measured ash, C, N, and caloric content for various parts of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton nodosus Poir., P. gramineus L., and P. pectinatus L. Mean ash content of vegetative propagules ranged from 2.96 to 5.46%, lower than values previously reported for aquatic plant shoots. Potamogeton propagule C and N contents were greater than those of Hydrilla propagules. Mean propagule caloric content ranged from 3753 to 4198 cal g super(-1) and construction costs from 1.00 to 1.12 g glucose g super(-1). They were similar to or slightly greater than those for shoots or leaves. Construction costs for leaves of eight aquatic species averaged 1.02 g glucose g super(-1). Vegetative propagules had sink strengths similar to those of shoots. H. verticillata, P. pectinatus, and P. gramineus were grown in a greenhouse with different levels of N in the water column. In this experiment, P. pectinatus and H. verticillata roots had higher construction costs than shoots whereas P. gramineus did not. Only the costs for P. pectinatus shoots and roots were affected by the N level in the water column. Construction costs for aquatic plant vegetative propagules, shoots, and roots were lower than similarly calculated values published for roots, stems and leaves of terrestrial plants, in agreement with expectations based on the structural characteristics of leaves and stems of aquatic plants. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ryan, F J AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA ARS Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 203 EP - 214 VL - 56 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton KW - bioenergetics KW - construction costs KW - plant growth KW - plant physiology KW - turions KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - roots KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - leaves KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15976615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Construction+costs+for+some+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BRyan%2C+F+J%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - roots; plant growth; aquatic plants; plant physiology; bioenergetics; turions; leaves; Potamogeton; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - avnA, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus AN - 15970672; 4067430 AB - Recent studies have shown that at least 17 genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway are clustered within a 75-kb DNA fragment in the genome of Aspergillus parasiticus. Several additional transcripts have also been mapped to this gene cluster. A gene, avnA (previously named ord-1), corresponding to one of the two transcripts identified earlier between the ver-1 and omtA genes on the gene cluster was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the avnA gene contains a coding region for a protein of 495 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 56.3 kDa. The gene consists of three exons and two introns. Disruption of the avnA gene in the wild-type aflatoxigenic A. parasiticus strain (SU1-N3) resulted in a nonaflatoxigenic mutant which accumulated a bright yellow pigment. Thin-layer chromatographic studies with six different solvent systems showed that the migration patterns of the accumulated metabolite were identical to those of averantin, a known aflatoxin precursor. Precursor feeding studies with this mutant showed that norsolorinic acid and averantin were not converted to aflatoxin whereas 5'-hydroxyaverantin, averufanin, averufin, versicolorin A, sterigmatocystin, and O-methylsterigmatocystin were converted to aflatoxins. Southern blot analysis of the wild-type strain and avnA-disrupted mutant strain indicated that the avnA gene was disrupted in the mutant strain. A search of the GenBank database for similarity indicated that the avnA gene encodes a cytochrome P-450-type monooxygenase, and it has been assigned to a new P-450 gene family named CYP60A1. We have therefore concluded that the avnA gene encodes a fungal cytochrome P-450-type enzyme which is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in A. parasiticus. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P-K AU - Cary, J W AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Cent., 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1349 EP - 1356 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - avnA gene KW - cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - mutation KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01012:Nucleic acids & metabolites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15970672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=avnA%2C+a+gene+encoding+a+cytochrome+P-450+monooxygenase%2C+is+involved+in+the+conversion+of+averantin+to+averufin+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P-K%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus parasiticus; nucleotide sequence; mutation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotyping and enzyme characterization of Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from pneumonic lungs of stressed feeder calves AN - 15967397; 4062770 AB - Ninety-one isolates of Pasteurella multocida (Pm) and 124 of Pasteurella haemolytica (Ph) were recovered from the lungs of calves that died of bovine respiratory tract disease (BRTD). Nine Pm enzyme profiles (A through I) and 9 Ph enzyme profiles (J through R) were determined for the Pasteurella isolates. The Pm isolates were relatively evenly divided among the enzyme profiles, with one exception, profile I. The Ph isolates were not evenly distributed among the profiles. Fifty of the 91 Pm isolates were serotyped. Forty-two Pm isolates were positive for capsule type A, and 8 were untypable. Five somatic type antigen profiles (3: 3,4; 3,7; 3,4,7; and 4) were identified among the 50 serotyped Pm isolates; one isolate was untypable. The Ph isolates were further divided through serotyping and grouped as follows: 74 (60%) Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (PhA1), 12 (10%) PhA2, 4 (3%) PhA5, and 34 (27%) PhA6. Eighty-one percent of the Ph serotypes were clustered in the M and N enzyme profile. The P enzyme profile was almost unique to PhA2 (8 of 12, 67% of PhA2 isolates). Results of this study indicate a need to collect more data on Ph serotypes at the state veterinary diagnostic laboratories. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Purdy, C W AU - Raleigh, R H AU - Collins, J K AU - Watts, J L AU - Straus, D C AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 244 EP - 249 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - lung KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - serotyping KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - enzymes KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15967397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serotyping+and+enzyme+characterization+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+and+Pasteurella+multocida+isolates+recovered+from+pneumonic+lungs+of+stressed+feeder+calves&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BRaleigh%2C+R+H%3BCollins%2C+J+K%3BWatts%2C+J+L%3BStraus%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; Pasteurella multocida; lung; respiratory tract diseases; enzymes; serotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of numerical procedures for gate stroking AN - 15958082; 4062127 AB - A study was conducted to compare three existing solution methods for the inverse problem of unsteady open-channel flow (i.e., gate stroking). Both the accuracy of the results and the robustness of the methods were examined. Similar solutions were computed with a method-of-characteristics and an implicit finite-difference model, except under extreme transients, in which case the method-of-characteristics model performed better. However, the characteristic model was unable to find a solution for some proposed examples. An explicit finite-difference model was also examined and, although it produced satisfactory results for some examples, it is inherently unstable. A nonlinear, implicit finite-difference gate-stroking method was developed, which was sufficiently accurate and more robust than the existing methods. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Bautista, E AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Strelkoff, T AD - U.S. Dep. Agr.-Agric. Res. Serv. (USDA-ARS), U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 129 EP - 137 VL - 123 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - gate stroking KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - finite difference methods KW - comparison studies KW - numerical analysis KW - unsteady flow KW - mathematical models KW - open-channel flow KW - SW 6020:Hydraulics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15958082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+numerical+procedures+for+gate+stroking&rft.au=Bautista%2C+E%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BStrelkoff%2C+T&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - finite difference methods; comparison studies; numerical analysis; open-channel flow; mathematical models; unsteady flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - WEPP-predicting water erosion using a process-based model AN - 15949188; 4055798 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Laflen, J M AU - Elliot, W J AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Meyer, C R AU - Nearing, MA AD - Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 96 EP - 102 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - WEPP KW - process-based model KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - mathematical equations KW - computer models KW - prediction KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15949188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=WEPP-predicting+water+erosion+using+a+process-based+model&rft.au=Laflen%2C+J+M%3BElliot%2C+W+J%3BFlanagan%2C+D+C%3BMeyer%2C+C+R%3BNearing%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Laflen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical equations; prediction; erosion; computer models; soil erosion; sediment transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl bromide emissions from agricultural fields: Bare-soil, deep injection AN - 15947743; 4056620 AB - The environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide (MeBr) in an agricultural field after deep injection (68 cm) is described and compared to a recent experiment where MeBr was injected at a shallow (25 cm) depth, and the surface was covered with high-density polyethylene plastic. Three independent methods were used to estimate the total MeBr lost after application, i.e., the appearance of soil Br super(-), the flux chamber, and micrometeorological methods. Peak MeBr volatilization rates occurred during the first 24 h, but relatively high rates continued for more than 7 days after application. Diurnally, the largest volatilization rates occurred from midnight to early morning during periods of decreasing barometric pressure, and the volatilization rate decreased when the barometric pressure was increasing. Due to deep injection, cooler temperatures, and smaller thermal gradients, the total MeBr mass emitted from the field was significantly less than a previous experiment. The total emissions estimate obtained from the Br super(-) data was 239 kg or 21%. The estimates obtained from the direct flux measurements were found to range from 1.9% to 4.9%. The percent mass recovery ranged from 81% to 84% of the applied mass, with an average value of 82%. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Yates AU - Wang, D AU - Ernst, F F AU - Gan, J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1136 EP - 1143 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - methyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emission measurements KW - agrochemicals KW - temperature KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15947743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Methyl+bromide+emissions+from+agricultural+fields%3A+Bare-soil%2C+deep+injection&rft.au=Yates%3BWang%2C+D%3BErnst%2C+F+F%3BGan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; emission measurements; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of flagellation and a novel agar-penetrating flagellar structure in Salmonella enterica grown on solid media: Possible consequences for serological identification AN - 15944924; 4053060 AB - Salmonella enterica grown on solid medium containing iron, thiosulfate and 100 mM hexoses and amino acids underwent cell surface differentiation involving increased flagellation (electrophoretic isotypes 60, 54 and 50 kDa), conversion from rough to smooth lipopolysaccharide, and assembly of a matrix that penetrated 1.4% agar. Flagellation was also induced in the avian pathogen S. enterica var pullorum, which is diagnostically defined as aflagellate. Induction correlated closely with a simple colonial color change when Hektoen Enteric agar was used as the basal growth medium. Group D1 egg-contaminating Salmonella grown under inducing conditions deviated from their expected H-antigen immunoreactivity, suggesting possible consequences for the interpretation of the Kauffman-White identification scheme. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Guard-Petter, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, ARS-SEPRL, 934 College Station Drive, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 173 EP - 180 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - chickens KW - egg KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - flagella KW - Salmonella enterica KW - differentiation KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15944924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Induction+of+flagellation+and+a+novel+agar-penetrating+flagellar+structure+in+Salmonella+enterica+grown+on+solid+media%3A+Possible+consequences+for+serological+identification&rft.au=Guard-Petter%2C+J&rft.aulast=Guard-Petter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; flagella; differentiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulated stand characteristics and wood product yields from Douglas-fir plantations managed for ecosystem objectives AN - 15942991; 4053092 AB - Hundreds of thousands of hectares of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) plantations in coastal forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest were established over the past 40 years. Density management regimes designed to increase structural and compositional diversity in these plantations are being tested and implemented on an operational scale. These regimes are designed to promote various tree and stand characteristics, such as trees with large limbs, stands with multi-layered canopies, and dense unthinned patches. Changes in management policy associated with these types of regimes raise questions about the potential to manage for both ecosystem values and timber production. We used state-of-the-art models to simulate stand growth and wood product yields under several silvicultural prescriptions. The results indicated that timing and intensity of early thinnings are critical in determining both stand structure and wood quality. We concluded that it should be possible to manage Douglas-fir plantations to provide a high degree of structural diversity and wood products with quality similar to that grown in many industrial plantations. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Barbour, R J AU - Johnston, S AU - Hayes, J P AU - Tucker, G F AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 205 EP - 219 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 91 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - silviculture KW - habitat KW - ecosystem management KW - forest practices KW - wildlife KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15942991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Simulated+stand+characteristics+and+wood+product+yields+from+Douglas-fir+plantations+managed+for+ecosystem+objectives&rft.au=Barbour%2C+R+J%3BJohnston%2C+S%3BHayes%2C+J+P%3BTucker%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Barbour&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystem management; wildlife; habitat; silviculture; forest practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth AN - 15886595; 4034041 AB - In this article, we discuss four possible mechanisms to explain the patterns of maximum tree height and age-related changes in height growth within a species. Three of these--respiration, nutrient limitation, and genetic changes in meristem tissue--have been discussed in the literature. (The respiration and nutrient limitation mechanisms were developed to explain patterns of whole tree and stand growth with age, but not tree height specifically.) The fourth, hydraulic limitation, is newer, but we believe that it is the most promising. Accordingly, we examine the hydraulic limitation hypothesis in the most detail. JF - Bioscience AU - Ryan, M G AU - Yoder, B J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 235 EP - 241 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - hydraulics KW - trees KW - limiting factors KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15886595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+limits+to+tree+height+and+tree+growth&rft.au=Ryan%2C+M+G%3BYoder%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; limiting factors; growth; hydraulics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States AN - 1034828617; 17024723 AB - Forest trees are constantly exposed to various types of natural and anthropogenic stressors. A major long-term goal of our research is to develop a set of early physiological and biochemical markers of stress in trees before the appearance of visual symptoms. Six red spruce (t Picea rubens Sarg.) stands from the northeastern United States were selected for collection of soil and foliage samples. All of the chosen sites had soil solution pH values below 4.0 in the Oa horizon but varied in their geochemistry. Some of these sites were apparently under some form of environmental stress as indicated by a large number of dead and dying red spruce trees. Samples of soil and needles (from apparently healthy red spruce trees) were collected from these sites four times during a two-year period. The needles were analyzed for perchloric acid-soluble polyamines and exchangeable inorganic ions. Soil and soil solution samples from the Oa and B horizons were analyzed for their exchange chemistry. The data showed a strong positive correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations in the needles and in the Oa horizon of the soil. However, needles from trees growing on relatively Ca-rich soils with a low exchangeable Al concentration and a low Al:Ca soil solution ratio had significantly lower concentrations of putrescine and spermidine than those growing on Ca-poor soils with a high exchangeable Al concentration and a high Al:Ca soil solution in the Oa horizon. The magnitude of this change was several fold higher for putrescine concentrations than for spermidine concentrations. Neither putrescine nor spermidine were correlated with soil solution Ca, Mg, and Al concentrations in the B horizon. The putrescine concentrations of the needles always correlated significantly with exchangeable Al (r super(2)=0.73, t p less than or equal to 0.05) and soil solution Al:Ca ratios (r super(2)=0.91, t p less than or equal to 0.01) of the Oa horizon. This suggests that in conjunction with soil chemistry, putrescine and/or spermidine may be used as a potential early indicator of Al stress before the appearance of visual symptoms in red spruce trees. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Minocha, Rakesh AU - Shortle, Walter C AU - Lawrence, Gregory B AU - David, Mark B AU - Minocha, Subhash C AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, PO Box 640, Durham, NH, 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 109 EP - 122 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 191 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Biochemistry KW - Environmental stress KW - Foliage KW - Forests KW - Geochemistry KW - Soil KW - Soil chemistry KW - Stress KW - Trees KW - USA KW - Picea rubens KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034828617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Relationships+among+foliar+chemistry%2C+foliar+polyamines%2C+and+soil+chemistry+in+red+spruce+trees+growing+across+the+northeastern+United+States&rft.au=Minocha%2C+Rakesh%3BShortle%2C+Walter+C%3BLawrence%2C+Gregory+B%3BDavid%2C+Mark+B%3BMinocha%2C+Subhash+C&rft.aulast=Minocha&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004293523185 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Foliage; Biochemistry; Trees; Geochemistry; Soil chemistry; Forests; Stress; Environmental stress; Picea rubens; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004293523185 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endogenous Levels of Phenolics in Tomato Fruit during Growth and Maturation AN - 907168704; 15570344 AB - Changes in the metabolism of several types of phenolics in the pulp and pericarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit var. Ailsa Craig and Pik-Red were related to the stage of development. The highest levels of chlorogenic acid were found in the pulp and pericarp at the earliest stage of fruit development, and quantities declined rapidly during fruit ripening. Levels of rutin, found only in the pericarp, followed a similar pattern of change. The p-coumaric acid conjugate of rutin was found in low levels through fruit growth and ripening. High levels of p-coumaric acid glucoside were detected in the pulp only as the fruit matured with no rapid decline in levels during ripening. The decline of chlorogenic acid and rutin levels during fruit ripening paralleled the decline in indole-3-acetic acid levels measured previously in the pericarp tissues of these two varieties of tomato fruit during maturation. These phenolics are among those that have been suggested as regulants of auxin metabolism. JF - Journal of Plant Growth Regulation AU - Buta, J G AU - Spaulding, D W AD - Horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, US Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 43 EP - 46 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0721-7595, 0721-7595 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Pulp KW - Developmental stages KW - rutin KW - pericarp KW - glucosides KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Ripening KW - chlorogenic acid KW - phenolic compounds KW - Metabolism KW - Auxins KW - p-Coumaric acid KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - W 30930:Agricultural Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907168704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Growth+Regulation&rft.atitle=Endogenous+Levels+of+Phenolics+in+Tomato+Fruit+during+Growth+and+Maturation&rft.au=Buta%2C+J+G%3BSpaulding%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Buta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Growth+Regulation&rft.issn=07217595&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FPL00006973 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ripening; Fruits; chlorogenic acid; Developmental stages; phenolic compounds; Pulp; rutin; pericarp; glucosides; Auxins; Metabolism; p-Coumaric acid; Lycopersicon esculentum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006973 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification Distributions in Four Valley and Ridge Riparian Ecosystems AN - 899163247; 15625079 JF - Environmental Management AU - Schnabel, Ronald R AU - Shaffer, John A AU - Stout, William L AU - Cornish, Leonard F AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Lab Curtin Road University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA , US Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 283 EP - 290 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - ridges KW - Ecosystems KW - valleys KW - Denitrification KW - Riparian environments KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899163247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Denitrification+Distributions+in+Four+Valley+and+Ridge+Riparian+Ecosystems&rft.au=Schnabel%2C+Ronald+R%3BShaffer%2C+John+A%3BStout%2C+William+L%3BCornish%2C+Leonard+F&rft.aulast=Schnabel&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679900027 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ridges; Ecosystems; valleys; Denitrification; Riparian environments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900027 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Northern analysis of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus sojae AN - 899159234; 15667227 AB - RNAs from three Aspergillusparasiticus and three Aspergillus sojae isolates were probed with seven genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Previously published work and preliminary work in this study demonstrated that these aflatoxin biosynthesis genes were present in the DNA of the isolates. RNA from aflatoxin-producing and O-methylsterigmatocystin-producing A. parasiticus strains SRRC 143 and SRRC 2043 hybridized to all of the gene probes tested. However, RNA from a strain of A. parasiticus that had lost its ability to produce aflatoxin in culture (SRRC 77) and RNA from one of the A. sojae isolates did not hybridize to any of the gene probes. Two of the A. sojae isolates hybridized to the regulatory gene aflR and the structual gene uvm8, which is believed to code for a fatty acid synthase involved in an early step in aflatoxin biosynthesis, but not to any of the other five genes of the aflatoxin pathway tested. These results suggest that most of the genes involved in aflatoxin production are transcriptionally blocked in A. parasiticus SRRC 77 and all of the A. sojae isolates. The cause of this blockage is unknown. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Klich, MA AU - Montalbano, B AU - Ehrlich, K AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. Fax: +504 286 4419 e-mail: mklich[AT]nola.srrc.usda.gov, US PY - 1997 SP - 246 EP - 249 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Aspergillus sojae KW - RNA KW - DNA probes KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA KW - Transcription KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Fatty-acid synthase KW - W 30940:Products KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899159234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Northern+analysis+of+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+genes+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+Aspergillus+sojae&rft.au=Klich%2C+MA%3BMontalbano%2C+B%3BEhrlich%2C+K&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530050921 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RNA; DNA probes; DNA; Aflatoxins; Transcription; Fatty-acid synthase; Aspergillus sojae; Aspergillus parasiticus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050921 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying urban forest structure, function, and value: the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project AN - 860392637; 13880070 AB - This paper is a review of research in Chicago that linked analyses of vegetation structure with forest functions and values. During 1991, the regions trees removed an estimated 5575 metric tons of air pollutants, providing air cleansing worth 9.2 million. Each year they sequester an estimated 315 800 metric tons of carbon. Increasing tree cover 10% or planting about three trees per building lot saves annual heating and cooling costs by an estimated 50 to 90 per dwelling unit because of increased shade, lower summertime air temperatures, and reduced neighborhood wind speeds once the trees mature. The net present value of the services trees provide is estimated as 402 per planted tree. The present value of long-term benefits is more than twice the present value of costs. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - McPherson, EGregory AU - Nowak, David AU - Heisler, Gordon AU - Grimmond, Sue AU - Souch, Catherine AU - Grant, Rich AU - Rowntree, Rowan AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, co Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 49 EP - 61 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois, Chicago KW - Ecosystems KW - air temperature KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Air temperature KW - Carbon KW - Pollutants KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Planting KW - Wind KW - Shade KW - Climate KW - Velocity KW - planting KW - Vegetation KW - Air pollution KW - Reviews KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860392637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Quantifying+urban+forest+structure%2C+function%2C+and+value%3A+the+Chicago+Urban+Forest+Climate+Project&rft.au=McPherson%2C+EGregory%3BNowak%2C+David%3BHeisler%2C+Gordon%3BGrimmond%2C+Sue%3BSouch%2C+Catherine%3BGrant%2C+Rich%3BRowntree%2C+Rowan&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=EGregory&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1014350822458 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Pollutants; Structure-function relationships; Trees; Shade; Reviews; Planting; Climate; Vegetation; Forests; Wind; Air temperature; Air pollution; air temperature; Ecosystems; planting; Velocity; USA, Illinois, Chicago DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014350822458 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - N-nitrosodibenzylamine in boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. AN - 78901380; 9086591 AB - Boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings contain high levels of nitrosamines in the outermost layer. The precursors of the nitrosamines are zinc dibutyl- or dibenzyldithlocarbamate used as a vulcanizing agent in the formulation of the rubber. The outermost layer from 59 commercial hams was analyzed for 11 volatile nitrosamines including N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA). The principal nitrosamine, NDBzA, was detected in 32 (54%) ham samples at the 10-100 ppb range; it exceeded 100 ppb in 18 (30%) samples, with the highest at 512.2 ppb. No nitrosamine was detected in 7 of 59 ham samples. To determine the cause of the high NDBzA values, various types of unused nettings (from different manufacturers) accompanying the samples were analyzed for nitrosamines. No correlation was found between the NDBzA content of the hams and the nettings. The results suggest that the problem of nitrosamine formation in these products has not yet been resolved. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Fiddler, W AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Gates, R A AU - Custer, C AU - Yoffe, A AU - Phillipo, T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 353 EP - 358 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Food Preservatives KW - Nitrosamines KW - N-nitrosodibenzylamine KW - 5336-53-8 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Sodium Nitrite KW - M0KG633D4F KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Food Preservatives -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Sodium Nitrite -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Food Handling KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Rubber -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78901380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=N-nitrosodibenzylamine+in+boneless+hams+processed+in+elastic+rubber+nettings.&rft.au=Fiddler%2C+W%3BPensabene%2C+J+W%3BGates%2C+R+A%3BCuster%2C+C%3BYoffe%2C+A%3BPhillipo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Fiddler&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of cloacal plugging on microbial recovery from partially processed broilers. AN - 78887626; 9068056 AB - Experiments were performed to test the contribution of bacteria contained in the intestinal tract of broilers at the beginning of processing to counts on the exterior of modified New York-dressed carcasses. Thirty-two birds were processed for each of seven replications. Within each replication, batches of four birds were electrocuted, scalded, and picked, with batches alternating between treatment and control groups. Treated birds were cloacally plugged with rayon fiber tampons prior to electrocution to prevent escape of intestinal contents during scalding and picking. Control birds were processed in the same manner, except that cloacal plugs were inserted immediately after defeathering to reduce escape of intestinal contents during sampling. Gram-negative enteric bacteria and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated on carcasses by whole carcass rinse procedure and in cecal contents. Counts were converted to log10 and subjected to analysis of variance. Cecal levels of Gram-negative enterics were significantly higher for plugged birds, but there was not a significant difference between levels of cecal Campylobacter spp. between treatment groups. Plugging before electrocution resulted in significantly lower levels (2.5 vs 3.0 log10 cfu/mL) of Campylobacter spp. and Gram-negative enteric bacteria (3.0 vs 3.4 log10 cfu/mL) in carcass rinses of treatment birds than in those of controls. All carcasses were positive for Gram-negative enterics. Cloacal plugging resulted in significantly lower incidence of Campylobacter spp. carcass contamination as determined by chi-square. Intestinal carriage of both campylobacters and Gram-negative enteric bacteria appears to influence the microbial quality of the carcass during processing. JF - Poultry science AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Cason, J A AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Stern, N J AU - Cox, N A AU - Bailey, J S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 530 EP - 533 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Food Microbiology KW - Random Allocation KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- veterinary KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Cloaca -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78887626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+cloacal+plugging+on+microbial+recovery+from+partially+processed+broilers.&rft.au=Musgrove%2C+M+T%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BBailey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Musgrove&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beneficial effects of chromium on glucose and lipid variables in control and somatotropin-treated pigs are associated with increased tissue chromium and altered tissue copper, iron, and zinc. AN - 78881616; 9078480 AB - Chromium (Cr) and somatotropin have been shown to increase lean body mass in pigs but by independent mechanisms. Somatotropin and Cr also affect blood glucose, lipids, and tissue trace metal concentrations. Twenty-four castrated male pigs were divided into four groups: 1) control basal diet; 2) basal diet + 300 micrograms of Cr/kg of diet as Cr picolinate; 3) basal diet + pituitary porcine somatotropin (ppST; 100 micrograms/kg live weight injected daily); and 4) basal diet + Cr + ppST. Pigs were fed the diets from 30 to 60 kg body weight and then killed. Supplemental Cr led to increased total Cr in kidney (1.1 vs 2.3 micrograms) and liver (5.9 vs 8.8 micrograms) but not in the heart independent of ppST treatment. Chromium concentrations in longissimus muscle were less than 1.5 ng/g in all samples, and any increases due to supplemental Cr were not detected. Somatotropin treatment led to decreased hepatic Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations and increased total renal Cu, Fe, and Zn. These data demonstrate that supplemental Cr causes increased tissue Cr in the liver and kidney but not in the heart or muscle in control and somatotropin treated pigs. Somatotropin treatment caused decreased kidney and liver Cr concentrations that were offset by increased tissue weights. Somatotropin effects on tissue Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe were variable and difficult to evaluate due in part to growth hormone-induced changes in organ weights. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Anderson, R A AU - Bryden, N A AU - Evock-Clover, C M AU - Steele, N C AD - Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, MD 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 657 EP - 661 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Composition -- physiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Drug Synergism KW - Organ Size KW - Body Composition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Lipids -- blood KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Copper -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Chromium -- metabolism KW - Blood Glucose -- analysis KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- analysis KW - Myocardium -- chemistry KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Chromium -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- analysis KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78881616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Beneficial+effects+of+chromium+on+glucose+and+lipid+variables+in+control+and+somatotropin-treated+pigs+are+associated+with+increased+tissue+chromium+and+altered+tissue+copper%2C+iron%2C+and+zinc.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+A%3BBryden%2C+N+A%3BEvock-Clover%2C+C+M%3BSteele%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary vitamin K1 and stability of oral anticoagulation: proposal of a diet with constant vitamin K1 content. AN - 78872068; 9066002 AB - Case reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1 equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies. JF - Thrombosis and haemostasis AU - Booth, S L AU - Charnley, J M AU - Sadowski, J A AU - Saltzman, E AU - Bovill, E G AU - Cushman, M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 504 EP - 509 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0340-6245, 0340-6245 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Coumarins KW - Warfarin KW - 5Q7ZVV76EI KW - Vitamin K 1 KW - 84-80-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Administration, Oral KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Warfarin -- adverse effects KW - Warfarin -- administration & dosage KW - Warfarin -- therapeutic use KW - Coumarins -- administration & dosage KW - Vitamin K 1 -- pharmacology KW - Anticoagulants -- therapeutic use KW - Coumarins -- therapeutic use KW - Anticoagulants -- adverse effects KW - Coumarins -- adverse effects KW - Diet KW - Anticoagulants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78872068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thrombosis+and+haemostasis&rft.atitle=Dietary+vitamin+K1+and+stability+of+oral+anticoagulation%3A+proposal+of+a+diet+with+constant+vitamin+K1+content.&rft.au=Booth%2C+S+L%3BCharnley%2C+J+M%3BSadowski%2C+J+A%3BSaltzman%2C+E%3BBovill%2C+E+G%3BCushman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Thrombosis+and+haemostasis&rft.issn=03406245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of somatotroph function induced by growth hormone treatment in neonatal pigs. AN - 78870358; 9063653 AB - The effect of recombinant porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment on pituitary function was evaluated in young pigs. Piglets received intraperitoneal recombinant pGH implants (0.5 mg/d sustained release) or vehicle implants beginning at 3 d of age. Ten piglets were sacrificed at 4 and 6 wk of age (five piglets/treatment group) for the collection of pituitary glands, blood, and liver tissue. Blood samples also were drawn at 3 and 12 d of age. Serum concentrations of GH, prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-2 were evaluated. Levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA were determined in liver samples. Treatment with GH increased circulating levels of GH and IGF-1 (P < 0.01), but not PRL, TSH, or IGF-2. Hepatic IGF-1, but not IGF-2, mRNA levels were increased by pGH (P < 0.001). Cultured pituitary cells from each animal were challenged with 0.1, 1, and 10 nM GH-releasing hormone (GHRH); 2 nM 8-Br-cAMP; or 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate. The release of GH from cultured pituitary cells was stimulated by all secretagogues (P < 0.001). The secretion of GH, but not PRL or TSH, in culture was inhibited by previous in vivo GH treatment (P < 0.001). Similarly, cellular GH, but not PRL or TSH, content was lower in the GH-implant group (P = 0.005). Cell cultures from 6-wk-old piglets secreted more GH, but not PRL or TSH, than cultures from 4-wk-old piglets (P < 0.05). Likewise, cellular GH, but not PRL or TSH, content was greatest in cultures from 6-wk-old animals (P = 0.002). Piglet growth was not affected by exogenous GH treatment (P = 0.67). These results demonstrate that exogenous pGH treatment selectively down-regulates somatotroph function in young pigs. JF - Domestic animal endocrinology AU - Matteri, R L AU - Becker, B A AU - Carroll, J A AU - Buonomo, F C AD - Animal Physiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 109 EP - 118 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0739-7240, 0739-7240 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I KW - 67763-96-6 KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II KW - 67763-97-7 KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Thyrotropin KW - 9002-71-5 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone KW - 9034-39-3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Thyrotropin -- blood KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- metabolism KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II -- genetics KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II -- metabolism KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- genetics KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Swine KW - Pituitary Gland -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Pituitary Gland -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78870358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+somatotroph+function+induced+by+growth+hormone+treatment+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=Matteri%2C+R+L%3BBecker%2C+B+A%3BCarroll%2C+J+A%3BBuonomo%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Matteri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.issn=07397240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizae, biocides, and biocontrol 3. Effects of three different fungicides on developmental stages of three AM fungi AN - 754566244; 13414393 AB - The effects of biocide use on nontarget organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, are of interest to agriculture, since inhibition of beneficial organisms may counteract benefits derived from pest and disease control. Benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and captan were tested for their effects on the germination and early hyphal growth of the AM fungiGlomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.),Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.). Gerd. and Trappe andGigaspora rosea (Nicol & Schenck) in a silty-clay loam soil placed in petri plates. Application of fungicides at 20 mg active ingredient (a.i) kg super(-1) soil inhibited spore germination by all three AM-fungal isolates incubated on unsterilized soil for 2 weeks. However, fungicides applied at 10 mg a.i. kg super(-1) soil had variable effects on AM-fungal isolates. Fungicide effects on germination and hyphal growth of G.etunicatum were modified by soil pasteurization and CO sub(2) concentration in petri plates and also by placing spores below the soil surface followed by fungicide drenches. Effects of fungicides on mycorrhiza formation and sporulation of AM fungi, and the resulting host-plant response, were evaluated in the same soil in associated pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Fungicides applied at 20 mg a.i. kg super(-1) soil did not affect the root length colonized byG. etunicatum, but both benomyl and PCNB reduced sporulation by this fungus. Benomyl and PCNB reduced the root length colonized byG. rosea at 48 and 82 days after transplanting. PCNB also reducedG. mosseae-colonized root length at 48 and 82 days, but benomyl only affected root length colonized byG. mosseae at the earlier time point. Only PCNB reduced sporulation byG. mosseae, consistent with its effect on root length colonized by this fungus. captan reduced the root length colonized by G. rosea at 48 days, but not at 82 days, and reduced colonization byG. mosseae at 82 days, but not at 48 days. Captan did not affect sporulation by any of the fungi.G. rosea spore production was highly variable, but benomyl appeared to reduce sporulation by this fungus. Overall,G. etunicatum was the most tolerant to fungicides in association with pea plants in this soil, andG. rosea the most sensitive. Benomyl and PCNB were overall more toxic to these fungi than captan. Interactions of AM fungi and fungicides were highly variable and biological responses depended on fungus-fungicide combinations and on environmental conditions. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Schreiner, R P AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Education Service Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, OR 97330, Corvailis, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 18 EP - 26 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Biological control KW - Spore germination KW - Disease control KW - Sporulation KW - Roots KW - disease control KW - Pisum sativum KW - Soil KW - Colonization KW - Benomyl KW - Pests KW - Biocides KW - Soils (loam) KW - germination KW - Captan KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Fungi KW - Developmental stages KW - Pest control KW - Pasteurization KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Fungicides KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Environmental conditions KW - Carbon dioxide KW - pentachloronitrobenzene KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754566244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizae%2C+biocides%2C+and+biocontrol+3.+Effects+of+three+different+fungicides+on+developmental+stages+of+three+AM+fungi&rft.au=Schreiner%2C+R+P%3BBethlenfalvay%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Schreiner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF01420215 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycorrhizas; Biological control; Agriculture; Fungi; Spore germination; Sporulation; Disease control; Roots; Developmental stages; Pest control; Pasteurization; Soil; Colonization; Benomyl; Fungicides; arbuscular mycorrhizas; Nontarget organisms; Biocides; Pests; pentachloronitrobenzene; Carbon dioxide; Environmental conditions; Soils (loam); Captan; disease control; germination; Pisum sativum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420215 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening for ethanol-producing filamentous fungi AN - 754562481; 13395297 AB - Of nineteen Aspergilli and ten Rhizopus strains examined for their ability to ferment simple sugars (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) as well as complex substrates (cellulose, oat-spelt xylan, corn fiber, and corn germ pressing), three Rhizopus strains were identified that could produce more than 31 g ethanol/l under anaerobic stress. By 72 h, glucose , xylose, cellobiose, and corn fiber were fermented with perspective yields of 100, 47, 80, and 40 percent, of theoretical. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Skory, Christopher D AU - Freer, Shelby N AU - Bothast, Rodney J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 203 EP - 206 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - cellobiose KW - Fungi KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Stress KW - Fibers KW - Xylan KW - Arabinose KW - Rhizopus KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754562481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Screening+for+ethanol-producing+filamentous+fungi&rft.au=Skory%2C+Christopher+D%3BFreer%2C+Shelby+N%3BBothast%2C+Rodney+J&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1018337003433 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fibers; Xylose; cellobiose; Xylan; Fungi; Cellulose; Arabinose; Glucose; Stress; Ethanol; Rhizopus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018337003433 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lake Tahoe case study AN - 52690054; 1997-058965 JF - Wildland Resources Center Report AU - Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L AU - Rowntree, Rowan A AU - Cahill, Thomas A AU - Goldman, Charles R AU - Gruell, George AU - Harris, Robert AU - Leisz, Doug AU - Lindstrom, Susan AU - Kattelmann, Richard AU - Machida, Dennis AU - Lacey, Ray AU - Rucks, Penny AU - Sharkey, Debra A AU - Ziegler, David S AU - Davis, Owen K AU - Duan, Lian AU - Stephens, Scott L Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 217 EP - 264 PB - University of California, Davis, Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, Davis, CA KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - hydrology KW - regulations KW - watersheds KW - atmosphere KW - ecosystems KW - water balance KW - vegetation KW - Truckee Marsh KW - case studies KW - natural resources KW - drainage basins KW - aerosols KW - ecology KW - land use KW - Lake Tahoe KW - biology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52690054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildland+Resources+Center+Report&rft.atitle=Lake+Tahoe+case+study&rft.au=Elliott-Fisk%2C+Deborah+L%3BRowntree%2C+Rowan+A%3BCahill%2C+Thomas+A%3BGoldman%2C+Charles+R%3BGruell%2C+George%3BHarris%2C+Robert%3BLeisz%2C+Doug%3BLindstrom%2C+Susan%3BKattelmann%2C+Richard%3BMachida%2C+Dennis%3BLacey%2C+Ray%3BRucks%2C+Penny%3BSharkey%2C+Debra+A%3BZiegler%2C+David+S%3BDavis%2C+Owen+K%3BDuan%2C+Lian%3BStephens%2C+Scott+L&rft.aulast=Elliott-Fisk&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildland+Resources+Center+Report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 109 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04562 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmosphere; biology; case studies; drainage basins; ecology; ecosystems; hydrology; Lake Tahoe; land use; natural resources; regulations; Sierra Nevada; Truckee Marsh; United States; vegetation; water balance; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Orientation of sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, to weevil, frass, and food odors AN - 16440136; 4337965 AB - Adults of the sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, form aggregations on citrus trees, where they feed on new foliage. The relative roles of male and female weevils, frass, food, and combinations of these odor sources in aggregation formation were studied using a y-tube olfactometer. Female and male D. abbreviatus were attracted by food, males, females, and female or male frass. Females were most often attracted by damaged food (broken green beans), whereas males were similarly attracted to damaged food and either female frass, male frass, or heterosexual pairs. No enhancement of attraction by either sex was found when males and male frass were combined with damaged food. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Harari, A R AU - Landolt, P J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology USDA-ARS 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 857 EP - 868 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - USA, Florida KW - Weevils KW - aggregation behavior KW - food KW - frass KW - olfaction KW - orientation KW - pheromones KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16440136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Orientation+of+sugarcane+rootstalk+borer+weevil%2C+Diaprepes+abbreviatus%2C+to+weevil%2C+frass%2C+and+food+odors&rft.au=Harari%2C+A+R%3BLandolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Harari&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=857&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of flow cytometry and fluorescein-labeled antibodies to measure specific milk proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells AN - 16311296; 4252529 AB - A flow cytometric technique was developed to measure the relative concentration of whey protein and beta -casein in individual fixed and permeabilized bovine mammary epithelial cells. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells were compared to mammary cells isolated from explants after a 24-h incubation and a bovine mammary epithelial transfected cell line (MAC-T). Cells were incubated with rabbit anti-bovine whey protein ( alpha -lactalbumin + beta -lactoglobulin) or beta -casein primary antibodies followed by a fluorescein-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG second antibody. The number and intensity of fluorescing cells were measured using an EPICS Profile Flow Cytometer. Primary and explant cells contained 3.3 and 2.8 times more whey protein than MAC-T cells. Explant epithelial cells contained 2.9 and 5.1 times more beta -casein than primary or MAC-T cells. The higher concentrations of specific proteins within the cells was attributed to either greater synthesis or reduced secretion. These data show that flow cytometry is capable of detecting differences in milk protein concentration in different mammary epithelial cell types. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Keys, JE AU - Guidry, A J AU - Cifrian, E AD - USDA-ARS, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Laboratory, B-173, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 201 EP - 205 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - antibodies KW - cow's milk KW - epithelium KW - flow cytometry KW - fluorescein KW - mammary gland KW - milk proteins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16311296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=The+use+of+flow+cytometry+and+fluorescein-labeled+antibodies+to+measure+specific+milk+proteins+in+bovine+mammary+epithelial+cells&rft.au=Keys%2C+JE%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BCifrian%2C+E&rft.aulast=Keys&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bovine mammary explant versus primary cell cultures: Effect of bovine somatotropin and insulinlike growth factor-I on DNA content and protein synthesis AN - 16309057; 4252528 AB - Cellular DNA, milk protein content, and protein secretion by bovine mammary explants were compared to cultures of confluent and growing primary bovine mammary secretory cells over 4 d. Explants were obtained at slaughter from eight Holstein cows (120 plus or minus 35 d lactation). Primary cells were grown to confluence, cryopreserved, thawed, and cultured through five passages. Explants and cells were cocultured with liver and adipose tissue in the presence of somatotropin, insulinlike growth factor-I, and somatotropin + insulinlike growth factor-I. Cellular DNA and milk proteins were assayed using fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. Media proteins were assayed by densitometer scanning of electrophoresis gel bands. DNA content of explant, confluent, and growing primary cells increased similarly through the 96 h incubation. DNA content in G sub(0)G sub(1) phase was increased by: (a) insulinlike growth factor-I in explant cells; (b) somatotropin, insulinlike growth factor-I, and their combination in confluent primary cells; and (c) the combination of somatotropin and insulinlike growth factor in growing primary cells. Approximately 65% of explant and confluent primary cells were in the G sub(0)G sub(1) or differentiated phase compared to 47% for the growing primary cells. Whey protein content and secretion were similar among cell types. Explant cells contained and secreted more beta -casein than primary cells but secretion trends for beta -casein and k-casein were similar after 48 h for both cell types. Results suggest that primary cell cultures are comparable to explant cultures when used to study mechanisms of DNA and milk protein synthesis and secretion. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Keys, JE AU - Cifrian, E AU - Guidry, A J AU - Farrell, H M AD - USDA-ARS, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Laboratory, B-173, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 206 EP - 211 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - growth hormone KW - insulin-like growth factor I KW - mammalian cells KW - protein biosynthesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16309057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Bovine+mammary+explant+versus+primary+cell+cultures%3A+Effect+of+bovine+somatotropin+and+insulinlike+growth+factor-I+on+DNA+content+and+protein+synthesis&rft.au=Keys%2C+JE%3BCifrian%2C+E%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BFarrell%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Keys&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil respiration response to three years of elevated CO sub(2) and N fertilization in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Laws.) AN - 16237538; 4228881 AB - We measured growing season soil CO sub(2) evolution under elevated atmospheric [CO sub(2)] and soil nitrogen (N) additions. Our objectives were to determine treatment effects, quantify seasonal variation, and compare two measurement techniques. Elevated [CO sub(2)] treatments were applied in open-top chambers containing ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L.) seedlings. N applications were made annually in early spring. The experimental design was a replicated factorial combination of CO sub(2) (ambient, +175, and +350 mu L L super(-1) CO sub(2)) and N (0, 10, and 20 g m super(-2) N as ammonium sulphate). Soils were irrigated to maintain soil moisture at > 25 percent. Soil CO sub(2) evolution was measured over diurnal periods (20-22 hours) in October 1992, and April, June, and October 1993 and 1994 using a flow-through, infrared gas analyzer measurement system and corresponding pCO sub(2) measurements were made with gas wells. Significantly higher soil CO sub(2) evolution was observed in the elevated CO sub(2) treatments; N effects were not significant. Averaged across all measurement periods, fluxes, were 4.8, 8.0, and 6.5 for ambient +175 CO sub(2), and +350 CO sub(2) respectively). Treatment variation was linearly related to fungal occurrence as observed in minirhizotron tubes. Seasonal variation in soil CO sub(2) evolution was non-linearly related to soil temperature; i.e., fluxes increased up to approximately soil temperature (10cm soil depth) and decreased dramatically at temperatures > 18 degree C. These patterns indicate exceeding optimal temperatures for biological activity. The dynamic, flow-through measurement system was weakly correlated (r = 0.57; p < 0.0001; n = 56) with the pCO sub(2) measurement method. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Vose, J M AU - Elliott, K J AU - Johnson, D W AU - Tingey, D T AU - Johnson, M G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Experiment Stn., Coweeta Hydrologic Lab., 999 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 190 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Blackjack pine KW - Bull pine KW - Pinabete KW - Ponderosa pine KW - Rock pine KW - USA, California KW - Western yellow pine KW - atmospheric conditions KW - carbon dioxide KW - nutrient availability KW - respiration KW - soil KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+respiration+response+to+three+years+of+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+N+fertilization+in+ponderosa+pine+%28Pinus+ponderosa+Doug.+ex+Laws.%29&rft.au=Vose%2C+J+M%3BElliott%2C+K+J%3BJohnson%2C+D+W%3BTingey%2C+D+T%3BJohnson%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Vose&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of sterilization, pH, filler and spore inoculum concentration on the preparation of alginate pellets AN - 16228839; 4222650 AB - Alginate encapsulation of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus was studied in order to optimize encapsulation of fungal inocula with alginic acid. Sterilization by autoclaving is known to depolymerize sodium alginate. Buffered solutions (pH = 7-8) reduced this effect. Autoclaving the alginate solution with a filler /nutrient further inhibited the depolymerization reaction. Autoclaving under optimal conditions allowed a less expensive alginate (medium viscosity) to be used at a lower concentration (1%) to produce a stable product. The lowest cost pellets resulted from use of 1% medium viscosity sodium alginate with 10% cotton-seed meal. Further savings may be achieved by performing fermentations directly in alginate-nutrient mixtures and thus eliminating the mixing and blending steps. In such formulations, the nutrient composition and length of fermentation must be adjusted to prevent alginate hydrolysis. The ultimate composition of alginate pellets is influenced by the diffusion of nutrients during gelation. Up to 65% of water-soluble nutrients were lost from alginate pellets during gelation. Once pellets are introduced into the environment, organisms other than the formulated agent compete for pelleted nutrients. A minimum concentration of the biocontrol agent must be present to ensure the agent excludes competitors and successfully converts the nutrients to biomass. For A. flavus, 5000 spores g super(-1) were required. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Daigle, D J AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Regional Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 3 EP - 10 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - alginate KW - alginic acid KW - biological control KW - fermentation KW - pH KW - spores KW - sterilization KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16228839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+sterilization%2C+pH%2C+filler+and+spore+inoculum+concentration+on+the+preparation+of+alginate+pellets&rft.au=Daigle%2C+D+J%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Daigle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extruded granular formulation with biomass of biocontrol Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma spp. to reduce damping-off of eggplant caused by Rhizoctonia solani and saprophytic growth of the pathogen in soil-less mix AN - 16225594; 4222646 AB - Extruded granular formulations containing rice flour, gluten, Pyrax, vermiculite, canola oil, and fermentor-produced biomass of isolates of Gliocladium virens (Gl-3, Gl-21 and Gl-32), Trichoderma hamatum (TRI-4 and 31-3), T. harzianum (Th-32 and Th-87) and T. viride (Tv-101) were evaluated for their effect on the reduction of eggplant damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, reduction of pathogen inoculum and proliferation of the isolates in a soil-less mix. Granules with all isolates except 31-3 significantly (P < 0.01) reduced damping-off, and granules with Gl-3, Gl-21, Gl-32, TRI-4 and Th-87 yielded stands comparable to that (90%) of the non-infested control. Granules with isolates Gl-21 and TRI-4 were the most effective in the reduction of saprophytic growth of R. solani, and there was a significant inverse correlation (r super(2) = -0.82) between eggplant stand and saprophytic growth of the pathogen over all treatments. Isolate propagules proliferated to about 10 super(7) colony-forming units (CFU) g super(-1) of soil-less mix after a 6-week incubation, but there was no correlation between the number of CFU and eggplant stand or saprophytic growth reduction of the pathogen. Granules with Gl-21 and TRI-4 amended to pathogen-infested soil-less mix at a rate as low as 0.06% significantly (P < 0.05) reduced damping-off and pathogen saprophytic growth, and a rate of 0.25% of Gl-21 granules resulted in an eggplant stand comparable to that of the non-infested control. There was no significant correlation between the rate of granule amendment and the proliferation of Gl-21 and TRI-4. Granules of Gl-21 and TRI-4 also significantly prevented the spread of R. solani in flats of eggplant seedlings when the biocontrol granules were applied to the soil-less mix 1 day before the pathogen inoculum. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Lewis, JA AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA, ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 49 EP - 60 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - biological control KW - biomass KW - damping-off KW - soil KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16225594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Extruded+granular+formulation+with+biomass+of+biocontrol+Gliocladium+virens+and+Trichoderma+spp.+to+reduce+damping-off+of+eggplant+caused+by+Rhizoctonia+solani+and+saprophytic+growth+of+the+pathogen+in+soil-less+mix&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increase of CO sub(2) and climate change effects on Iowa soybean yield, simulated using GLYCIM AN - 16209700; 4275131 AB - Increases in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration are likely to have a significant impact on the climate and to affect the growth and development of crops. The effect of climate change on crops has to be assessed for large areas to provide information for global estimates and regional strategy development. In this study, computer simulations were done using the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop model GLYCIM to assess the effects of these changes on soybean yields in the state of Iowa. The ability of the model to accurately predict the effect of changes in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration was tested by comparing model results with a curve fit of CO sub(2) concentration yield response derived from measured data. To simulate the effects of climate change, we used projected monthly weather variables for ambient and increased CO sub(2) from three general circulation models (GCMs): Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO). The monthly weather variables were converted to the daily weather to simulate soybean crop yields in nine crop reporting districts (CRDs) of Iowa, with and without increases in atmospheric CO sub(2). When climate change was simulated with increasing levels of CO sub(2) (baseline 350, 450, 550, and 650 mu L L super(-1)), yields increased. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Haskett, J D AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Acock, B AD - Duke Univ. Phytotron and USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16209700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Increase+of+CO+sub%282%29+and+climate+change+effects+on+Iowa+soybean+yield%2C+simulated+using+GLYCIM&rft.au=Haskett%2C+J+D%3BPachepsky%2C+YA%3BAcock%2C+B&rft.aulast=Haskett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-distance dispersal of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in Texas AN - 16120021; 4210691 JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Schaefer, R R AU - Saenz, D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 157 EP - 160 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - USA, Texas KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Picoides borealis KW - movements KW - dispersal KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25656:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16120021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Long-distance+dispersal+of+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers+in+Texas&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R%3BSaenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; movements; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest species diversity in upper elevation hardwood forests in the southern Appalachian mountains AN - 16111785; 4204718 AB - Overstory, shrub-layer, and herb-layer flora composition and abundance patterns in eleven forest sites were studied to evaluate species diversity and richness before implementing three types of harvest treatments. The sites were within the Wine Spring Creek Watershed and were classified as high elevation, dry, Quercus rubra-Rhododendron calendulaceum based on McNab and Browning's Landscape Ecosystem Classification system. Evaluation of species diversity was determined by Shannon-Weiner's index of diversity (H') and Pielou's species evenness index (J'). Overstory H' based on tree density ranged from 1.62 to 2.50 and H' based on tree basal area ranged from 0.94 to 2.22. The importance values for woody species, showed four species that occurred on all sites (Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Amelanchier arborea, and Castanea dentata) accounted for 32 to 84% of overstory abundance. Shrub-layer H' sub(Density) ranged from 0.64 to 2.33 and H' sub(BA) ranged from 0.40 to 2.26. Rhododendron calendulaceum and Castanea dentata were the only species present on all sites and accounted for 28.5 to 92.3% of the shrub-layer abundance. Herb-layer H' sub(Density) ranged from 1.72 to 3.02 and J' sub(Density) was low, between 0.5 and 0.6 on most sites. Herb-layer diversity was determined by a few dominant species. Although species richness ranged from 51 to 73, seven genera of understory herbs [Prenanthes trifoliata, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Viola hastata, Medeola virginiana, Solidago (curtisii and arguta), and Carex spp., and Aster spp.] occurred on all sites and accounted for 50 to 91% of the total density and 27 to 75% of the total cover. Early successional species were well represented at all sites. Seedling survivorship, germination, and overstory contribution of seeds, caused varied site representation of species. This study provides base line data for observing variation in species richness and diversity that will result from experimental harvest methods. JF - Castanea AU - Elliot, K J AU - Hewitt, D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Coweeta Hydrological Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 32 EP - 42 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0008-7475, 0008-7475 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - understory KW - species diversity KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16111785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=Forest+species+diversity+in+upper+elevation+hardwood+forests+in+the+southern+Appalachian+mountains&rft.au=Elliot%2C+K+J%3BHewitt%2C+D&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; forests; species diversity; understory ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nests of Northern Spotted Owls on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington AN - 16108296; 4210757 AB - We located 155 nests in 82 territories occupied by Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. All nests were in trees. Of 116 nests that were measured, 105 were in cavities and 11 were in external platforms on tree limbs. Cavity nests were typically in large holes in the side of the trunk or in the broken top of the trunk. Aspect of cavity entrances was non-random, with the majority of cavities facing east-north-east. Location of nest trees did not differ from expected values for slope aspect or position on slope. Proportions of nest sites in different percent slope categories differed from availability, with more nests than expected in the higher percent slope categories. Nests usually were in stands with high overall canopy closure ( greater than or equal to 70%), but canopy closure in the immediate vicinity of the nest varied from 35-90%. Most nests (87%) were in multilayered stands dominated by large trees. Nests in younger stands were typically in stands where remnant old trees were present. Owls changed nests between successive nesting events in 80% of all cases. Changes in pair members on a territory did not influence the frequency with which pairs switched to a new nest tree in the next nesting year. Based on observed rates of attrition, the expected life span of nests was 120 years. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Forsman, ED AU - Giese, A R AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Lab., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 28 EP - 41 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Northern spotted owl KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - Strix occidentalis caurina KW - site fidelity KW - site selection KW - nests KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Nests+of+Northern+Spotted+Owls+on+the+Olympic+Peninsula%2C+Washington&rft.au=Forsman%2C+ED%3BGiese%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Forsman&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis caurina; USA, Washington; nests; site selection; site fidelity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization of a phytoplasma associated with annual blue grass (Poa annua) white leaf disease in southern Italy AN - 16077512; 4114069 AB - A phytoplasma was detected in annual blue grass (Poa annua L. Fienardo), exhibiting white leaf symptoms, that was grown in the fields near Caserta in southern Italy. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences, the phytoplasma associated with annual blue grass white leaf disease was identified as a new member of phytoplasma 16S rRNA group XI (16SrXI) (type strain, rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma). The annual blue grass white leaf phytoplasma is most closely related to Bermuda grass white leaf phytoplasma found in Asia. Annul blue grass white leaf and Bermuda grass white leaf phytoplasmas were designated as the third subgroup (16SrXI-C) of group XI. This is the first report that a plant pathogenic phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrXI is present on the European continent. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Pastore, M AU - Vibio, M AU - Danielli, A AU - Attathom, S AU - Davis, R E AU - Bertaccini, A AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 251 EP - 254 VL - 103 IS - 3 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phytoplasma KW - plant diseases KW - Italy KW - Poa annua KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16077512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+of+a+phytoplasma+associated+with+annual+blue+grass+%28Poa+annua%29+white+leaf+disease+in+southern+Italy&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BPastore%2C+M%3BVibio%2C+M%3BDanielli%2C+A%3BAttathom%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BBertaccini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poa annua; Italy; plant diseases; phytoplasma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of two avian Salmonella-immune lymphokines against liver invasion in chickens by Salmonella serovars with different O-group antigens AN - 16038979; 4088837 AB - Newly hatched chicks are susceptible to organ invasion by various serovars of Salmonella. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (SEILK) increased resistance to organ invasion by S. enteritidis (SE) in day-of-hatch chicks. In the present study, we determined that Salmonella-immune lymphokines can provide protection against organ invasion by serovars that are unrelated to the original serovar used as an immunogen. Immune lymphokines were produced from the splenic T cells of mature hens immunized with either viable SE or Salmonella anatum (SA). Day-of-hatch chicks were treated with either SA-immune lymphokine (SAILK) or SEILK and challenged per os with either Salmonella typhimurium (ST) or SE 1 hr later. Liver samples were aseptically collected 20 hr later and were cultured to detect salmonella. We found that SAILK conferred resistance against invasion by either SE, a serogroup D organism, or ST, a serogroup B organism. Furthermore, SEILK reduced organ invasion by ST. These observations together reveal that the protection against organ invasion conferred by Salmonella-immune lymphokines is unrelated to the serovar-specific antigenic characteristics of the immunizing bacteria. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Kogut, M H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - O antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - liver KW - Salmonella KW - lymphokines KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16038979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+two+avian+Salmonella-immune+lymphokines+against+liver+invasion+in+chickens+by+Salmonella+serovars+with+different+O-group+antigens&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; lymphokines; liver ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time analysis of antibody binding interactions with immobilized E. coli O157:H7 cells using the BIAcore AN - 16034721; 4093596 AB - The kinetic properties of antibody-antigen reaction and other interacting macromolecules can be analyzed in real-time using the surface plasmon resonance biosensor (BIAcore). The interactions of an antibody against Escherichia coli O157:H7 were studied using immobilized whole cells. The bacterial sensor surface was evaluated with anti-E. coli in a continuous flow system. Regeneration of the sensor surface with guanidine-HCl was more effective than with phosphoric acid and resulted in better binding reproducibility. The determined kinetic values, association and dissociation rate constants, can be used in the development of rapid immuno-techniques. This study also provides the basis to evaluate real-time interactions of macromolecules with immobilized cells. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Medina, M B AU - Van Houten, L AU - Cooke, PH AU - Tu, SI AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 173 EP - 176 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - BIAcore KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immobilized cells KW - antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33210:Immobilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Real-time+analysis+of+antibody+binding+interactions+with+immobilized+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+cells+using+the+BIAcore&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BVan+Houten%2C+L%3BCooke%2C+PH%3BTu%2C+SI&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immobilized cells; antibodies; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal endophytes of wild barley and their effects on Diuraphis noxia population development AN - 16025497; 4092397 AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the expression of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) resistance in four plant introduction (PI) lines of wild barley (Hordeum) infected with different species or strains of endophytic fungi (tribe Balansieae, family Clavicipitaceae, Neotyphodium gen. nov. [formerly Acremonium]). Aphid densities were significantly lower on endophyte-infected plants of PI 314696 (H. bogdanii Wilensky) and P1 440420 (H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum (Boissier & Hohenacker)), compared with densities on endophyte-free plants of both PI lines in population growth experiments. This endophyte- associated resistance was the result of antibiosis effects or starvation. In other experiments, endophyte-free plants of PI 269406 and PI 440413 (H. bogdanii) were not superior to endophyte-infected conspecifics as host plants of D. noxia. Our results demonstrate the influence of host plant species/genotype and endophyte species/strain on expression of aphid resistance, provide an explanation of the high levels of D. noxia resistance in PI 314696 and PI 440420 previously reported in the literature, and underscore the potential importance of endophytic fungi in conferring insect resistance in wild barley. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Clement, S L AU - Wilson, AD AU - Lester, D G AU - Davitt, C M AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Res. Unit, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 275 EP - 281 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Homoptera KW - endophytes KW - fungi KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - Hordeum KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - pest resistance KW - Neotyphodium KW - population dynamics KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16025497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Fungal+endophytes+of+wild+barley+and+their+effects+on+Diuraphis+noxia+population+development&rft.au=Clement%2C+S+L%3BWilson%2C+AD%3BLester%2C+D+G%3BDavitt%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diuraphis noxia; Hordeum; Neotyphodium; Aphididae; pest resistance; population dynamics; endophytes; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Mycoplasma isolates by ELISA AN - 16013846; 4088840 AB - An antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Two trials were conducted to compare the ELISA with the conventional fluorescent antibody technique. In trial 1, broilers were inoculated with M. gallisepticum F, M. gallisepticum S6, and M. synoviae. In trial 2, hens were inoculated with M. gallisepticum F, M. synoviae, and a combination of the two. Swab isolates were obtained from the choanal cleft and cultures were grown in broth media with a pH indicator. The organisms were bound to 96-well plates for the ELISA or cultured on agar for the fluorescent antibody test. Monoclonal antibodies directed to M. gallisepticum F, M. gallisepticum S6, and M. synoviae were reacted with the ELISA aliquots. The ELISA test identified the mycoplasmas in these samples and was completed within 8 hr but did not identify as many isolates as the fluorescent antibody procedure. The principal advantage of this ELISA is the ability to identify the strain of mycoplasma. JF - Avian Diseases AU - May, J D AU - Branton, S L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 93 EP - 96 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma synoviae KW - Mycoplasma gallisepticum KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01115:Mycoplasmas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Mycoplasma+isolates+by+ELISA&rft.au=May%2C+J+D%3BBranton%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tall larkspur ingestion: Can cattle regulate intake below toxic levels? AN - 15999842; 4084261 AB - Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is a toxic forb often consumed by cattle on mountain rangelands, with annual fatalities averaging about 5%. This study examined the relationship between food ingestion and toxicity in cattle. Two grazing studies suggested that larkspur consumption above 25-30% of cattle diets for one or two days led to reduced larkspur consumption on subsequent days. We subsequently hypothesized that cattle can generally limit intake of larkspur to sublethal levels. This hypothesis was tested by feeding a 27% larkspur pellet in experiment 1. Cattle given a 27% larkspur pellet ad libitum showed distinct cyclic patterns of intake, where increased larkspur consumption on one or two days was followed by reduced (P 0.05) between controls and treatment animals at the 20 or 40 mg LiCl/kg dose in the percentage of corn consumed, but the 80 mg LiCl /kg dose induced a cyclic response (mean 46%) compared to intake by controls (mean 96%) (P < 0.001). At the 80 mg/kg dose, LiCl induced an aversion to corn; when corn intake decreased on subsequent days and LiCl dose also decreased, cattle responded by increasing corn intake and apparently extinguishing the transient food aversion. Experiment 3 was similar to the LiCl trial, except that tall larkspur was the toxin. Cattle responded to oral gavage of ground larkspur with distinct cycles; days of higher corn consumption were followed by one to three days of reduced consumption. Corn intake for controls was higher (P < 0.01) than for larkspur-treated animals (means 84 and 52%, respectively; day x treatment interaction P < 0.01). The threshold for toxic effects on corn intake was 14 mg toxic alkaloid/kg body weight. In conclusion, cattle apparently limit ingestion of some toxins so that periods of high consumption are followed by periods of reduced consumption to allow for detoxification. Cyclic consumption generally enables cattle to regulate tall larkspur consumption below a toxic threshold and allows cattle the opportunity to safely use an otherwise nutritious, but toxic, plant. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Pfister, JA AU - Provenza, F D AU - Manners, G D AU - Gardner AU - Ralphs, M H AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 759 EP - 778 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - cattle KW - alkaloids KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - allelochemicals KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - food intake KW - Y 25697:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15999842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Tall+larkspur+ingestion%3A+Can+cattle+regulate+intake+below+toxic+levels%3F&rft.au=Pfister%2C+JA%3BProvenza%2C+F+D%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BGardner%3BRalphs%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; allelochemicals; food intake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The scaling characteristics of remotely-sensed variables for sparsely-vegetated heterogeneous landscapes AN - 15985444; 4084297 AB - With increasing interest in airborne and satellite-based sensors for mapping regional and global energy balance, there is a need to determine the uncertainty involved in aggregating remotely-sensed variables [surface temperature (T sub(k)) and reflectance ( rho )] and surface energy fluxes [sensible (H) and latent ( lambda E) heat flux] over large areas. This uncertainty is directly related to two factors: (1) the non-linearity of the relation between the sensor signal and T sub(k), rho , H or lambda E; and (2) the heterogeneity of the site. In this study, we compiled several remotely-sensed data sets acquired at different locations within a semi-arid rangeland in Arizona, at a variety of spatial and temporal resolutions. These data sets provided the range of data heterogeneities necessary for an extensive analysis of data aggregation. The general technique to evaluate uncertainty was to compare remotely-sensed variables and energy balance components calculated in two ways: first, calculated at the pixel resolution and averaged to the coarser resolution; and second, calculated directly at the coarse resolution by aggregating the fine-resolution data to the coarse scale. Results showed that the error in the aggregation of T sub(k) and rho was negligible for a wide range of conditions. However, the error in aggregation of H and lambda E was highly influenced by the heterogeneity of the site. Errors in H larger than 50% were possible under certain conditions. The conditions associated with the largest aggregation errors in H were: sites which are composed of a mix of stable and unstable conditions; sites which have considerable variations in aerodynamic roughness, especially for highly unstable conditions where the difference between surface and air temperature is large; and sites which are characterized by patch vegetation, where the pixel resolution is less than or nearly-equal to the diameter of the vegetation 'element' (in most cases, the diameter of the dominant vegetation type or vegetation patch). Thus, knowledge of the surface heterogeneity is essential for minimizing error in aggregation of H and lambda E. Two schemes are presented for quantifying surface heterogeneity as a first step in data aggregation. These results emphasized the need for caution in aggregation of energy balance components over heterogeneous landscapes with sparse or mixed vegetation types. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Moran AU - Humes, K S AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AD - USDA-ARS US Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 337 EP - 362 VL - 190 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - aggregation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - data acquisition KW - mapping KW - heterogeneity KW - vegetation KW - energy KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=The+scaling+characteristics+of+remotely-sensed+variables+for+sparsely-vegetated+heterogeneous+landscapes&rft.au=Moran%3BHumes%2C+K+S%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Aggregate description of land-atmosphere interactions. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vegetation; remote sensing; mapping; heterogeneity; data acquisition; energy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of alternative nitrogen and carbon sources for sugarbeet suspension culture platings in development of cell selection schemes AN - 15971830; 4071067 AB - Low molecular weight nitrogenous impurity compounds as well as raffinose are negative quality factors that interfere with efficient processing of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) for sucrose. In order to identify nutrient media for cell selection of biochemical mutants or transgenics that might have reduced levels of these processing impurities, the ability of 10 endogenous compounds to serve as sole nitrogen or carbon source for suspension plating and subculture callus growth was evaluated. The most productive concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, L-glutamine, L-glutamate, urea, and L-proline as sole nitrogen sources supported plating callus growth at 106, 159, 233, 167, 80, and 52%, respectively, as well as the historical 60 mM mix of nitrate and ammonium in Murashige-Skoog medium. Glycine betaine and choline did not support growth. D(+) Raffinose and D(+) galactose supported plating callus growth only 67 and 25%, respectively, as well as sucrose as sole carbohydrate source. No callus growth occurred on glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine as the sole carbon or carbon plus nitrogen source. Platings on either nitrate or ammonium as sole nitrogen source did not differ in sensitivity to the nitrate uptake inhibitor phenylglyoxal, suggesting that phenylglyoxal lacks the specificity for use in selection for mutants of nitrate uptake. The ability of raffinose to be used as the carbon source, and glutamine or glutamate as the nitrogen source, may preclude their use for selection of genetic variants accumulating less of these processing impurities. However, mutants or transgenics able to utilize either glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine might be selectable on media containing any one of these as carbon, nitrogen, or carbon plus nitrogen source, respectively, that is incapable of supporting wild-type cell growth. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Saunders, J W AU - Tsai, C J AU - Samper, E AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Sugarbeet and Bean Res. Unit, Dep. Crop & Soil Sci., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 56 EP - 61 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - carbon KW - choline KW - galactose KW - glutamine KW - glycine betaine KW - nitrogen KW - phenylglyoxal KW - raffinose KW - sucrose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - callus KW - Beta vulgaris KW - tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15971830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+alternative+nitrogen+and+carbon+sources+for+sugarbeet+suspension+culture+platings+in+development+of+cell+selection+schemes&rft.au=Saunders%2C+J+W%3BTsai%2C+C+J%3BSamper%2C+E&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - callus; tissue culture; Beta vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swallow-tailed kite nesting in Texas: Past and present AN - 15966239; 4070039 AB - The historical breeding range of the swallow-tailed kite (Elanoides forficatus) in the United States extended from the Carolinas and Tennessee south through Florida, and Wisconsin and Minnesota south through Louisiana, and Nebraska to central and southeastern Texas. The species' decline in Texas apparently was well under way be 1900 and resulted in almost complete extirpation by 1910. The last published report of breeding in Texas was from Harris County near Houston during 1911-1914. On 31 March 1994, an active swallow-tailed kite nest was located by the first two authors in an extensive bottomland and hardwood forest approximately 1 km from the Neches River in Tyler County, Texas. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Brown, R E AU - Williamson, J H AU - Boone, D B AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 103 EP - 105 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - new records KW - historical account KW - ecological distribution KW - Elanoides forficatus KW - breeding status KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15966239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Swallow-tailed+kite+nesting+in+Texas%3A+Past+and+present&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+E%3BWilliamson%2C+J+H%3BBoone%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elanoides forficatus; USA, Texas; breeding status; ecological distribution; historical account; new records ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demography of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures AN - 15965401; 4061698 AB - Reproductive and population parameters of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett); oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis (Hendel); Malaysian fruit flies, B. latifrons (Hendel); and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were measured at 16, 18, 24, 29, and 32 plus or minus 1 degree C. Female longevity of B. cucurbitae, C. capitata, B. dorsalis, and B. latifrons ranged (minimum/maximum) from 35.6 to 136.5, 12.5 to 107.3, 27.5 to 133.5, and 15.0 to 80.3 d, respectively. Corresponding ranges for longevity of male fruit flies were 37.4 to 220.8, 13.3 to 182.0, 23.1 to 116.8, and 12.4 to 61.3 d, respectively. Highest net reproductive rates (i.e., production of newborn females per generation) for all species occurred at 24 degree C. At this temperature, B. dorsalis rates were almost twice those for all other species. The rate of multiplication per generation per female was <1 for B. latifrons reared at all temperatures and for B. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis, and C. capitata at 16 and 32 degree C. Highest intrinsic rates of population increase for all species were at 29 degree C. Values at this temperature were highest for C. capitata and lowest for B. latifrons. Mean generation times varied inversely with temperature. The effects of temperature on fruit fly reproduction and life history patterns are discussed with respect to rearing operations and geography. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Vargas, R I AU - Walsh, WA AU - Kanehisa, D AU - Jang, E B AU - Armstrong, J W AD - Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 162 EP - 168 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Bactrocera cucurbitae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - demography KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Bactrocera latifrons KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - Tephritidae KW - fecundity KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15965401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Demography+of+four+Hawaiian+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+reared+at+five+constant+temperatures&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BWalsh%2C+WA%3BKanehisa%2C+D%3BJang%2C+E+B%3BArmstrong%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Scien